174:
836:
818:
100:
116:
1634:
93:
2357:
1555:
165:
1658:
905:
959:
2636:
2448:
1586:
2567:
1105:
2438:βForeign landlordism and the operations of foreign moneylenders had led to increasing exportation of a considerable proportion of the countryβs resources and to the progressive impoverishment of the agriculturist and of the country as a wholeβ¦. The peasant had grown factually poorer and unemployment had increasedβ¦.The collapse of the Burmese social system led to a decay of the social conscience which, in the circumstances of poverty and unemployment caused a great increase in crime.β
854:
6429:
4568:
923:
872:
1972:
6439:
4592:
941:
2778:
1408:
1504:
1495:, the centre of government, was divided into three branchesβfiscal, executive, and judicial. In theory, the king was in charge of all of the Hluttaw, but none of his orders got put into place until the Hluttaw approved them, thus checking his power. Further dividing the country, provinces were ruled by governors, who were appointed by the Hluttaw, and villages were ruled by hereditary headmen approved by the king.
4580:
147:
2416:) and, because of their willingness to work for less money, quickly displaced Burmese farmers. As the Encyclopædia Britannica states: "Burmese villagers, unemployed and lost in a disintegrating society, sometimes took to petty theft and robbery and were soon characterized by the British as lazy and undisciplined. The level of dysfunction in Burmese society was revealed by the dramatic rise in homicides."
2373:
3597:
3578:
1895:, and the British commander had to coerce the High Court of Justice to continue to function. Though war officially ended after only a couple of weeks, resistance to colonial conquest continued in northern Burma until 1890, with the British choosing to systematically destroy villages and appoint new officials to quash the liberation movement.
2483:
early 1920s led to a legislature with limited powers, a university and more autonomy for Burma within the administration of India. Efforts were undertaken to increase the representation of
Burmese in the civil service. Some people began to feel that the rate of change was not fast enough and the reforms not extensive enough.
1598:
2423:
The civil service was largely staffed by Anglo-Burmese and
Indians, and the ethnic Burmese were excluded almost entirely from military service, which was staffed primarily with Indians, Anglo-Burmese, Karens and other Burmese minority groups. A British General Hospital Burmah was set up in Rangoon in
1923:
in the
Burmese heartland, making many changes to the previous governmental structure. For example, Burmans lived under a British-style legal code and were governed by a British-style civil service. Areas outside the central plains were governed indirectly through their traditional structures. In this
2707:
as the new governor, and the
Rangoon police went on strike. The strike, starting in September 1946, then spread from the police to government employees and came close to becoming a general strike. Rance calmed the situation by meeting with Aung San and convincing him to join the governor's Executive
2598:
A wave of strikes and protests that started from the oilfields of central Burma in 1938 became a general strike with far-reaching consequences. In
Rangoon student protesters, after successfully picketing the Secretariat, the seat of the colonial government, were charged by the British mounted police
2486:
In 1920 a student strike broke out in protest against the new
University Act which the students believed would only benefit the elite and perpetuate colonial rule. 'National Schools' sprang up across the country in protest against the colonial education system, and the strike came to be commemorated
1962:
stated that the slaves in Assam Bawi in Lushai Hills were now secured the right to buy their freedom; that chattel slavery still existed in parts of Assam with weak
British control; that the British negotiated with Hukawng Valley in Upper Burma to end slavery there, where the British provided loans
2727:
on 12 February, celebrated since as 'Union Day'. Shortly after, rebellion broke out in the Arakan led by the veteran monk U Seinda, and it began to spread to other districts. The popularity of the AFPFL, dominated by Aung San and the socialists, was eventually confirmed when it won an overwhelming
2419:
With this quickly growing economy came industrialisation to a certain degree, with a railway being built throughout the valley of the
Irrawaddy, and hundreds of steamboats travelled along the river. All of these modes of transportation were owned by the British. Thus, although the balance of trade
1950:
The
Christian missionaries had success in converting some of the minority ethnic groups to Christianity, particularly the Chin, Kachin, Karen and Karenni. Furthermore, missionaries built hospitals and schools which, in the minority ethnic areas, spurred the development of writing systems for their
2482:
A new generation of
Burmese leaders arose in the early twentieth century from amongst the educated classes, some of whom were permitted to go to London to study law. They returned with the belief that the Burmese situation could be improved through reform. Progressive constitutional reform in the
2586:
The British separated Burma Province from British India on 1 April 1937 and granted the colony a new constitution calling for a fully elected assembly, with many powers given to the Burmese, but this proved to be a divisive issue as some Burmese felt that this was a ploy to exclude them from any
2557:
Students Union, for refusing to reveal the name of the author who had written an article in their university magazine, making a scathing attack on one of the senior university officials. It spread to Mandalay leading to the formation of the All Burma Students Union. Aung San and Nu subsequently
2368:
with the prices of the most important commodities set by the state. For the majority of the population, trade was not as important as self-sufficient agriculture, but the country's position on major trade routes from India to China meant that it did gain a significant amount of money from
1910:
to avoid offending them, but this unknowingly lowered the status they held in Chinese minds. It was agreed at the Burma convention in 1886 that China would recognise Britain's occupation of Upper Burma while Britain continued the Burmese payment of tribute every ten years to Peking.
3301:. London and New Jersey: Zed Books. pp. 49, 91, 50, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58β59, 60, 61, 60, 66, 65, 68, 69, 77, 78, 64, 70, 103, 92, 120, 176, 168β169, 177, 178, 180, 186, 195β197, 193, 202, 204, 199, 200, 270, 269, 275β276, 292β3, 318β320, 25, 24, 1, 4β16, 365, 375β377, 414.
146:
145:
2518:
i.e. the British β emblazoned on the pennants the rebels carried, required thousands of British troops to suppress along with promises of further political reform. The eventual trial of Saya San, who was executed, allowed several future national leaders, including Dr
2544:
means "master" in the Burmese language β rather like the Indian 'sahib' β proclaiming that they were the true masters of the country entitled to the term usurped by the colonial masters). The second university student strike in 1936 was triggered by the expulsion of
2499:), such as U Ottama and U Seinda in the Arakan who subsequently led an armed rebellion against the British and later the nationalist government after independence, and U Wisara, the first martyr of the movement to die after a protracted hunger strike in prison.
2663:
who escaped from prison in April 1942. Japan never succeeded in fully conquering all of the colony, however, and insurgent activity was pervasive, though not as much of an issue as it was in other former colonies. By 1945, British-led troops, mainly from the
1932:, were strongly dependent on the sponsorship of the monarchy. At the same time, the monarchy was given legitimacy by the Sangha, and monks as representatives of Buddhism gave the public the opportunity to understand national politics to a greater degree.
2122:
within Burma today. They were administered separately by the British with a Burma Frontier Service and later united with Burma proper to form Myanmar's geographic composition today. The Frontier Areas were inhabited by ethnic minorities such as the
2760:
upon independence. This was in contrast to the independence of India and Pakistan which both resulted in the attainment of dominion status. This may have been on account of anti-British popular sentiment being strong in Burma at the time.
1924:
way, ethnic differences between the majority Burmans of the central plain and the ethnic minorities in the hills were exacerbated. This was part of the British colonial practice of "divide and rule". The monarchy was abolished, King
1547:. Fifteen thousand European and Indian soldiers died, together with an unknown number of Burmese army and civilian casualties. The campaign cost the British between 5 and 13 million pounds sterling (between 18 and 48 billion in 2020
1486:
practised a tightly centralised form of government. The king was the chief executive with the final say on all matters, but he could not make new laws and could only issue administrative edicts. The country had two codes of law, the
2708:
Council along with other members of the AFPFL. The new executive council, which now had increased credibility in the country, began negotiations for Burmese independence, which were concluded successfully in London as the Aung San-
2388:
Burma's annexation ushered in a new period of economic growth. The economic nature of society also changed dramatically. The British began exploiting the rich soil of the land around the Irrawaddy delta and cleared away the dense
1898:
Traditional Burmese society was drastically altered by the demise of the monarchy and the separation of religion and state. Intermarriage between Europeans and Burmese gave birth to an indigenous Eurasian community known as the
1090:. It was also known for the important role played by Indian elites in managing and administering the colony, especially while it was still a part of the British Raj; some historians have called this a case of co-colonialism.
2731:
Then a momentous event stunned the nation on 19 July 1947. U Saw, a conservative pre-war prime minister of Burma, engineered the assassination of Aung San and several members of his cabinet including his eldest brother
2676:
The surrender of the Japanese brought a military administration to Burma. The British administration sought to try Aung San and other members of the British Indian Army for treason and collaboration with the Japanese.
2397:
in 1869, was the main export. To increase the production of rice, many Burmese migrated from the northern heartland to the delta, shifting the population concentration and changing the basis of wealth and power.
2831:
1578:. After 25 years of peace, British and Burmese fighting started afresh and continued until the British occupied all of Lower Burma. The British were victorious in this war and as a result obtained access to the
1466:
passed through the country, keeping Burma wealthy through trade, although self-sufficient agriculture was still the basis of the economy. Indian merchants travelled along the coasts and rivers (especially the
1629:
on 28 November 1885. Thus, after three wars gaining various parts of the country, the British occupied all the area of present-day Myanmar, making the territory a province of British India on 1 January 1886.
2696:
and Aung San together with the socialists over strategy, which led to Than Tun being forced to resign as general secretary in July 1946 and the expulsion of the CPB from the AFPFL the following October.
173:
2434:
for a fictional account of the British in Burma.) An account by a British official describing the conditions of the Burmese people's livelihoods in 1941 describes the Burmese hardships:
6416:
2599:
wielding batons and killing a Rangoon University student. In Mandalay, the police shot into a crowd of protesters led by Buddhist monks killing 17 people. The movement became known as
2369:
facilitating foreign trade. With the arrival of the British, the Burmese economy became tied to global market forces and was forced to become a part of the colonial export economy.
2881:
1471:) throughout the regions where the majority of Burmese lived, bringing Indian cultural influences into the country that still exist there today. As Burma had been one of the first
2688:, returned. The restored government established a political programme that focused on the physical reconstruction of the country and delayed discussion of independence. The
6227:
1947:, while also encouraging Christian missionaries to visit and found schools. In both of these types of schools, Buddhism and traditional Burmese culture was frowned upon.
2827:
6473:
1622:
1613:
had tried to adjust to the thrust of imperialism. He enacted administrative reforms and made Burma more receptive to foreign interests. But the British initiated the
6503:
4635:
1617:, which lasted less than two weeks during November 1885. The British government justified their actions by claiming that the last independent king of Burma,
5086:
1963:
for slaves to buy their freedom; that all slave trade had been banned, and that slavery in Upper Burma was expected to be effectively phased out by 1926.
3634:
Memoirs of the Anglo-Irish-Burmese daughter of a Burma Frontier Service officer, including her stay in an Italian convent during the Japanese occupation.
2723:
underground and the conservatives into opposition. Aung San also succeeded in concluding an agreement with ethnic minorities for a unified Burma at the
2603:(the '1300 Revolution' named after the Burmese calendar year), and 20 December, the day the first martyr Aung Kyaw fell, commemorated by students as '
5800:
3511:
1261:
2678:
6394:
Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
3564:"Myanmar (Burma) β Charles' George Orwell Links." Charles' George Orwell Links β Biographies, Essays, Novels, Reviews, Images. Web. 4 March 2010.
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in 1939, who served as prime minister from 1940 until he was arrested on 19 January 1942 by the British for communicating with the Japanese.
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6387:
6370:
6248:
1436:
3423:
6488:
5839:
2456:
2420:
was in favour of British Burma, the society was changed so fundamentally that many people did not gain from the rapidly growing economy.
1770:
998:
2360:
Vegetable stall on the roadside at the Madras Lancer Lines, Mandalay, January 1886. Photographer: Hooper, Willoughby Wallace (1837β1912)
1928:
sent into exile, and religion and state separated. This was particularly harmful, because the Buddhist monks, collectively known as the
1060:
province (a lieutenant-governorship) in 1897. This arrangement lasted until 1937, when Burma began to be administered separately by the
115:
5529:
5523:
4628:
1954:
The British abolished chattel slavery in Burma. This was however a gradual process. In the report of slavery in Burma and India to the
2506:
in Tharrawaddy quickly grew into first a regional and then a national insurrection against the government. Lasting for two years, the
1001:
to the establishment of an independently administered colony, and finally independence. The region under British control was known as
5585:
3565:
3495:
3164:
3401:
6513:
6508:
4027:
3878:
2692:(AFPFL) opposed the government leading to political instability in the country. A rift had also developed in the AFPFL between the
1879:
4047:
2689:
2464:
1892:
1349:
1299:
5433:
4507:
4234:
3561:
Marshall, Andrew. The Trouser People: A Story of Burma in the Shadow of the Empire. Washington D.C.: Counterpoint, 2002. Print.
2741:
3725:
5794:
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3714:
3182:
Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p. 152
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realised that a trial was an impossibility considering Aung San's popular appeal. After the war ended, the British governor,
1637:"Proclamation" of the annexation of Burma into British Empire in English and Burmese, published in Mandalay on 4 January 1886
2752:, the Socialist leader, was now asked to form a new cabinet, and he presided over Burmese independence instituted under the
706:
6132:
5742:
4968:
4253:
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1086:
Colony" owing to the outsized role played by Scotsmen in colonising and running the country, one of the most notable being
948:
6478:
6072:
4854:
4742:
4172:
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4037:
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or National Associations that sprang up in villages throughout Burma Proper. Between 1900 and 1911 the "Irish Buddhist"
5790:
4275:
4126:
3200:
5952:
5145:
3688:
3655:
3381:
3015:
2381:
1515:
Conflict began between Burma and the British when the Konbaung dynasty decided to expand into Arakan in the state of
547:
2853:
6498:
5825:
5812:
4384:
3662:
1808:
1429:
1337:
1331:
1479:
on a large scale, it continued under the British as the officially patronised religion of most of the population.
6041:
5772:
4613:
4379:
3512:
https://web.archive.org/web/20110726001100/http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/35/4035-004-4ECC016C.gif%3E
2770:
1579:
239:
6493:
6463:
6335:
5863:
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5371:
5188:
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4141:
4022:
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2701:
421:
4052:
6145:
5909:
5660:
5101:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
4998:
4930:
4318:
4263:
4106:
2737:
1755:
17:
2409:. The Indian moneylenders offered mortgage loans but foreclosed on them quickly if the borrowers defaulted.
5945:
5395:
5319:
5295:
5289:
4649:
4394:
4338:
4246:
4207:
4192:
4146:
4121:
4017:
3992:
3871:
2715:
The agreement left parts of the communist and conservative branches of the AFPFL dissatisfied, sending the
2616:
1955:
1872:
1355:
1311:
1269:
1069:
1065:
894:
733:
592:
157:
1633:
6362:
6028:
4878:
4527:
4452:
4352:
4313:
4111:
4086:
2753:
1422:
1389:
1374:
1369:
1325:
634:
92:
3762:
3324:
2463:, as religious associations were allowed by the colonial authorities. They were later superseded by the
1539:
was killed and his armies routed. Burma was forced to cede Assam and other northern provinces. The 1826
1492:
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5877:
5851:
5748:
5517:
4532:
4419:
2622:
2488:
1682:
99:
3768:
3338:
2401:
To prepare the new land for cultivation, farmers borrowed money from Indian Tamil moneylenders called
1188:
6483:
6391:; Ascension Island (1922β) and Tristan da Cunha (1938β) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
6034:
5990:
5712:
5423:
5098:
5068:
4826:
4270:
4131:
4116:
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1543:
formally ended the First Anglo-Burmese War, the longest and the most expensive war in the history of
6215:
5923:
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2682:
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1943:, which was given control of the new colony, founded secular schools, teaching in both English and
1903:
who would come to dominate the colonial society, hovering above the Burmese but below the British.
1563:
1394:
1034:
673:
521:
3566:
https://web.archive.org/web/20110923185216/http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/articles/col-burma.htm
3104:
2854:
Proclamation of annexation of Burma into British Empire in published in Mandalay on 4 January 1886
6432:
6264:
6139:
6107:
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invaded Burma in December 1941 and by the end of 1942 controlled much of the colony. In 1943 the
2291:
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1865:
1614:
1590:
1524:
1379:
1045:
1026:
686:
647:
2905:"Partners in Empire? Co-colonialism and the Rise of Anti-Indian Nationalism in Burma, 1930β1938"
2424:
1887. Though the country prospered, the Burmese people largely failed to reap the rewards. (See
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3814:
Chew, Ernest (1969). "The Withdrawal of the Last British Residency from Upper Burma in 1879".
3458:
Chew, Ernest (1969). "The Withdrawal of the Last British Residency from Upper Burma in 1879".
3231:
Chew, Ernest (1969). "The Withdrawal of the Last British Residency from Upper Burma in 1879".
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Photograph of the arrival of British forces in Mandalay on 28 November 1885 at the end of the
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5996:
5897:
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5593:
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4374:
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2575:
2554:
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2050:
1900:
1554:
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841:
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2668:, had regained control over most of the colony with Rangoon being recaptured in May 1945.
2455:
By the turn of the century, a nationalist movement began to take shape in the form of the
8:
5832:
5635:
5542:
5490:
5377:
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5345:
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5245:
5036:
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4160:
4136:
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2954:
2828:"Original Burmese version of Government of Burma Act, 1935, National Archieve of Myanmar"
2724:
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2201:
1990:
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3221:
Service record held in Army Medical Service Museum, Aldershot, page 145, return no 5155.
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forests. Rice, which was in high demand in Europe, especially after the building of the
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District Courts and Public Offices, Strand Road, Rangoon, 1868. Photographer J. Jackson
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languages, which allowed for the promotion of social progress, education and culture.
1585:
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5339:
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5175:
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3011:
3000:
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2261:
2195:
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2068:
2028:
1936:
1540:
1199:
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188:
164:
138:
133:
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6312:
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6151:
6119:
6006:
5806:
5718:
5503:
5029:
5022:
4924:
4809:
4757:
4572:
4522:
4517:
4492:
4477:
4457:
4409:
4364:
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3997:
3823:
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3240:
2916:
2757:
2604:
2336:
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2279:
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2158:
2076:
2064:
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1994:
1944:
1727:
1532:
1483:
1275:
1010:
823:
327:
303:
291:
267:
257:
52:
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2491:'. There were further strikes and anti-tax protests in the later 1920s led by the
1920:
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on 4 January 1948. Burma chose to become a fully independent republic, and not a
2744:, while meeting in the Secretariat. Since then, 19 July has been commemorated as
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2507:
2413:
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2225:
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2115:
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2014:
1998:
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4007:
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For the history of all major religious groups in Burma and modern Myanmar, see
2782:
2709:
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publicly challenged Christianity and imperial power, leading to two trials for
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2295:
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Tucker, Shelby. Burma: The Curse of Independence. London: Pluto, 2001. Print.
3172:. Culture Profile 21. Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics. 2007.
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1597:
1544:
1221:
1203:
1193:
1174:
1049:
1030:
1018:
789:
769:
299:
3697:
Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV : The Indian Empire, Administrative
1605:
onto a steamship en route to exile in India. He would never see Burma again.
6304:
6012:
5573:
5567:
5548:
5313:
5048:
4955:
4894:
4888:
4442:
4323:
3192:
2704:
2656:
2640:
2472:
2430:
2321:
2136:
2104:
1959:
1712:
1702:
1536:
1488:
1459:
1143:
1073:
1061:
773:
536:
414:
398:
386:
358:
198:
3151:(Colonial period Korea; WWC-5)(Original from the University of California)
2671:
2558:
joined the Thakin movement progressing from student to national politics.
6421:
5917:
5818:
5629:
5233:
5133:
4848:
4842:
4002:
2128:
2124:
1940:
1818:
1692:
1455:
1235:
859:
699:
620:
607:
476:
331:
319:
243:
193:
3835:
3479:
3252:
3058:
Gentlemen Capitalists: British Imperialism in South East Asia, 1770β1890
1906:
After Britain took over all of Burma, they continued to send tribute to
1527:(1824β26). The British dispatched a large seaborne expedition that took
5694:
5675:
5418:
5197:
4816:
4736:
3798:
3539:
2720:
2394:
2328:
2096:
1925:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1520:
452:
378:
213:
3606:, by William Woodville Rockhill, a publication from 1905, now in the
2591:
served as the first prime minister of Burma, but he was forced out by
2536:(We Burmans Association) was founded, whose members called themselves
1971:
6340:
5193:
4942:
4729:
2749:
2550:
2402:
2213:
2002:
1575:
488:
3790:
3531:
3116:
burma was a tributary state of china british forward tribute peking.
1503:
6268:
6183:
5462:
5414:
5163:
5090:
5076:
5072:
5042:
4830:
4224:
3856:
3851:
1914β1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
3694:
2867:
2546:
2503:
2476:
2412:
At the same time, thousands of Indian labourers migrated to Burma (
2390:
1626:
1476:
1083:
1076:. Burma achieved independence from British rule on 4 January 1948.
784:
464:
362:
349:
3707:
State of Vaccination: The Fight Against Smallpox in Colonial Burma
2142:
By 1931, Burma had 9 divisions, split into a number of districts.
6177:
5510:
5470:
5063:
4820:
4779:
3887:
2571:
2332:
2217:
2006:
1893:
Burmese armed resistance continued sporadically for several years
1571:
1508:
977:
405:
374:
370:
315:
2515:
2495:
s. Prominent among the political activists were Buddhist monks (
1017:) from 1886. Various portions of Burmese territories, including
6187:
5562:
5327:
5105:
4710:
2733:
2660:
2588:
2520:
2511:
2340:
2235:
2042:
1929:
1609:
In Upper Burma, the still unoccupied part of the country, King
1528:
566:
382:
271:
235:
221:
3166:
Refugees from Burma: Their Backgrounds and Refugee Experiences
1983:
The province of Burma after 1885 was administered as follows:
1041:
province (a chief commissionership) of British Burma in 1862.
5688:
5410:
4882:
3700:, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1908 – via archive.org
2592:
2524:
1516:
1079:
986:
366:
3604:
China's intercourse with Korea from the XVth century to 1895
3132:
China's intercourse with Korea from the XVth century to 1895
1551:) which led to an economic crisis in British India in 1833.
5239:
2460:
2372:
1907:
1567:
578:
3666:
3128:
2728:
victory in the April 1947 constituent assembly elections.
2527:, who participated in his defence, to rise to prominence.
3570:"Myanmar." Encyclopædia Britannica. 15th ed. 2005. Print.
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2405:
at high interest rates, as British banks would not grant
1025:, were annexed by the British after their victory in the
3747:
The River of Lost Footsteps: a Personal History of Burma
3587:, by Alfred Stead, a publication from 1901, now in the
3424:"Who Killed Aung San? β an interview with Gen. Kyaw Zaw"
2655:
was proclaimed in Rangoon, with the government run as a
2672:
From the Japanese surrender to Aung San's assassination
3772:. Vol. IV (9th ed.). 1878. pp. 559β562.
3368:
The Political Theory of Tyranny in Singapore and Burma
2982:
2960:
1625:
more influence in the country. British troops entered
1593:. Photographer: Hooper, Willoughby Wallace (1837β1912)
6293:
5426:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
3558:; Vol. 13. Chicago: World Book, 2004. 970-70e. Print.
1052:
was annexed, and the following year, the province of
3777:
Furnivall, J. S. (1953). "Burma, Past and Present".
3518:
Furnivall, J. S. (1953). "Burma, Past and Present".
3339:"The Statement on the Commemoration of Bo Aung Kyaw"
3086:. Ardent Media. 1906. p. 82. GGKEY:BDL52T227UN.
3035:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 113, 125β127.
989:
lasted from 1824 to 1948, from the successive three
3903:
3735:
1919:The British controlled their new province through
1621:, was a tyrant and that he was conspiring to give
6474:Former British colonies and protectorates in Asia
1570:forests in Lower Burma as well as a port between
6455:
3637:
3363:
3299:Burma β Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity
2909:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
2570:Photograph of the Royal lake in Dalhousie Park,
3723:http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/4729301/Cite
3624:A World Overturned: a Burmese Childhood 1933β47
3341:. All Burma Students League. 19 December 1999.
3103:. LONDON: Hood, Douglas, & Howard. p.
2882:"Scots in Burma: Golden Times in a Golden Land"
3744:
3033:The River of Lost FootstepsβHistories of Burma
2114:", also known as the "Excluded Areas" or the "
1449:
1037:. The annexed territories were designated the
6504:States and territories disestablished in 1948
5953:
4629:
3872:
3704:
3193:"Myanmar - The initial impact of colonialism"
3030:
2997:
2659:under Japanese control, led by head of state
1873:
1535:, at the Ayeyarwadddy Delta, Burmese General
1507:British naval forces entering the harbour of
1430:
6388:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
6371:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
6249:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
3709:. Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan. p. 238.
3510:Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 1 March 2010.
3296:
3119:(Original from the University of California)
3096:
2863:
2861:
1566:was provoked by the British, who sought the
2364:The traditional Burmese economy was one of
1966:
5960:
5946:
4636:
4622:
3879:
3865:
1880:
1866:
1437:
1423:
172:
3776:
3648:History of the British Residency in Burma
3517:
2858:
2502:In December 1930, a local tax protest by
2027:, Northern Arakan or Arakan Hill Tracts,
1601:In this rendering, British officers take
1498:
1305:
1056:in British India was created, becoming a
5432:Legitimacy of territorial establishment
3738:Disease and Demography in Colonial Burma
3675:. London: John Murray. pp. 716β727.
3642:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2868:Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1908
2634:
2565:
2561:
2446:
2371:
2355:
1970:
1632:
1596:
1584:
1553:
1502:
1068:. British rule was disrupted during the
3055:
3049:
3024:
3006:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
2465:General Council of Burmese Associations
2442:
178:A Japanese Map of British Burma in 1943
14:
6456:
6417:Historical flags of the British Empire
6401:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
2902:
1582:of their newly conquered territories.
1066:Secretary of State for India and Burma
6292:
6204:
5941:
5450:
5122:
4797:
4693:
4617:
3860:
3661:
3498:from the original on 10 February 2021
3404:from the original on 20 February 2007
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3159:
3157:
2879:
2320:(Northern, Eastern, Central, Myelat,
1641:
194:Province of the British Indian Empire
4579:
3886:
3813:
3749:. London: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
3740:. Singapore: NUS Press. p. 238.
3602:This article incorporates text from
3583:This article incorporates text from
3457:
3345:from the original on 25 October 2012
3230:
2690:Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League
6469:Former countries in Burmese history
6228:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
5071:. British Cameroons is now part of
4038:State Peace and Development Council
3129:William Woodville Rockhill (1905).
3074:
2903:Bowser, Matthew J. (22 June 2020).
24:
6489:Former countries in Southeast Asia
5087:unilaterally declared independence
4782:1708β1757, 1763β1782 and 1798β1802
3816:Journal of Southeast Asian History
3616:
3460:Journal of Southeast Asian History
3259:
3233:Journal of Southeast Asian History
3154:
3135:. LONDON: Luzac & Co. p.
2886:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
25:
6525:
6294:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
6273:Occupied by Argentina during the
6205:
5451:
3754:
3663:Fryer, Frederick William Richards
2834:from the original on 9 March 2023
2382:Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation
1914:
1082:is sometimes referred to as "the
108:Bottom: National Flag (1939β1948)
6437:
6428:
6427:
5840:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4590:
4578:
4567:
4566:
3595:
3576:
3400:. Online Burma/Myanmar Library.
3060:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 142β145.
2776:
2510:, named after the mythical bird
2457:Young Men's Buddhist Association
2451:Map of Rangoon and Environ, 1911
1987:Ministerial Burma (Burma proper)
1809:British rule in Portuguese India
1656:
1406:
1103:
957:
939:
921:
903:
870:
852:
834:
816:
163:
143:
114:
98:
91:
27:British colony from 1824 to 1948
6514:Scotland and the British Empire
6509:1948 disestablishments in Burma
3681:British Rule in Burma 1824β1942
3650:. London: Gregg International.
3494:. Central Intelligence Agency.
3416:
3390:
3357:
3331:
3323:. 12 April 1937. Archived from
3305:
3224:
3215:
3203:from the original on 4 May 2021
3185:
3176:
3122:
3090:
2991:
2935:from the original on 9 May 2022
2771:List of colonial heads of Burma
2610:
2601:Htaung thoun ya byei ayeidawbon
1935:The British also implemented a
6336:Australian Antarctic Territory
5192:since 1965 (before as part of
5189:British Indian Ocean Territory
5075:, while Tanganyika is part of
4709:since 1960 (before as part of
3398:"The Panglong Agreement, 1947"
3083:Dictionary of Indian Biography
2947:
2896:
2873:
2846:
2820:
2795:
2712:Agreement on 27 January 1947.
1072:of much of the country during
1033:was annexed in 1852 after the
13:
1:
3646:Desai, Walter Sadgun (1968).
3430:. August 1997. Archived from
2921:10.1080/03086534.2020.1783113
2808:
2738:National League for Democracy
2700:Dorman-Smith was replaced by
2579:
2467:(GCBA) which was linked with
1756:Portuguese East India Company
753:β’ Independence declared
4650:British Overseas Territories
4247:State Administration Council
3993:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
2813:
2617:Japanese occupation of Burma
1956:Temporary Slavery Commission
1531:without a fight in 1824. In
593:Legislative Council of Burma
7:
6363:British Antarctic Territory
6073:Western Pacific Territories
5967:
4048:2011β2015 political reforms
3736:Richell, Judith L. (2006).
3556:The World Book Encyclopedia
3554:Guyot, James F. "Myanmar."
2880:Becka, Jan (1 March 1993).
2764:
2754:Burma Independence Act 1947
2740:exile-government leader Dr
2459:(YMBA), modelled after the
2118:", compose the majority of
1450:Before the British conquest
10:
6530:
6479:Provinces of British India
6101:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
5518:British Arctic Territories
4798:
4694:
3673:The Empire and the century
3450:
3002:The Making of Modern Burma
2623:Japanese invasion of Burma
2620:
2614:
2351:
1975:Administrative map of the
1958:in the 1920s, the British
1662:Imperial entities of India
1523:in India. This led to the
1005:, and officially known as
29:
6412:
6381:
6341:Commonwealth of Australia
6299:
6288:
6259:
6211:
6200:
6166:
5973:
5937:
5743:Newfoundland and Labrador
5457:
5446:
5424:League of Nations mandate
5405:
5129:
5118:
5099:Lancaster House Agreement
5069:League of Nations mandate
5058:
4804:
4793:
4700:
4689:
4656:
4562:
4428:
4360:
4351:
4299:
4290:
4168:
4159:
4082:
4073:
3916:
3904:Myanmar is also known as
3902:
3898:
3828:10.1017/S0217781100004403
3640:A History of Modern Burma
3638:Charney, Michael (2009).
3472:10.1017/S0217781100004403
3364:Stephen Mccarthy (2006).
3245:10.1017/S0217781100004403
3056:Webster, Anthony (1998).
2686:Sir Reginald Dorman-Smith
1454:Because of its location,
1014:
999:province of British India
985:British colonial rule in
973:
828:Konbaung (Burmese) Empire
795:
783:
765:
761:
751:
730:
713:
696:
683:
670:
657:
644:
640:
630:
617:
604:
588:
584:
572:
560:
556:
546:
542:
527:
512:
508:
498:
494:
482:
470:
458:
446:
434:
430:
420:
404:
345:
263:
253:
231:
209:
183:
171:
155:
128:
87:
82:
40:
5871:Turks and Caicos Islands
5178:(protectorate) 1907β1949
5123:
4753:(integrated into the UK)
4173:Administrative divisions
3679:Harvey, Godfrey (1992).
3622:Baird-Murray, Maureen .
2788:
2736:, the father of today's
2587:further Indian reforms.
2324:, Kengtung and Yawnghwe)
1967:Administrative divisions
1564:Second Anglo-Burmese War
1519:, close to British-held
1035:Second Anglo-Burmese War
993:through the creation of
715:β’ Attained partial
674:Second Anglo-Burmese War
626:House of Representatives
522:Sir Arthur Purves Phayre
6499:20th century in Myanmar
6154:1919β1942 and 1945β1968
5979:18th and 19th centuries
5795:Queen Charlotte Islands
5755:North-Western Territory
5727:1665β1674 and 1702β1776
5330:1781β1784 and 1795β1819
4995:1923β1965 and 1979β1980
4681:Commonwealth of Nations
4543:Twelve Auspicious Rites
4324:Myanmar kyat (currency)
3769:Encyclopædia Britannica
3745:Myint-U, Thant (2008).
3585:China and her mysteries
3197:Encyclopædia Britannica
3100:China and her mysteries
2988:World Book Encyclopedia
2979:Encyclopædia Britannica
1615:Third Anglo-Burmese War
1591:Third Anglo-Burmese War
1525:First Anglo-Burmese War
1288:British colonial period
1046:Third Anglo-Burmese War
1027:First Anglo-Burmese War
707:Government of Burma Act
698:β’ Separation from
687:Third Anglo-Burmese War
648:First Anglo-Burmese War
254:Official languages
5904:West Indies Federation
5093:) and continued as an
4679:Current member of the
3763:"British Burmah"
3705:Naono, Atsuko (2009).
3031:Thant Myint-U (2006).
2998:Thant Myint-U (2001).
2644:
2583:
2452:
2440:
2385:
2361:
1980:
1638:
1606:
1594:
1559:
1512:
1499:Arrival of the British
226:(1853β1942; 1945β1948)
136:(1824β1837; 1901β1948)
6494:19th century in Burma
6464:British rule in Burma
5826:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5097:state until the 1979
4706:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
3626:. London: Constable.
3610:in the United States.
3591:in the United States.
3372:. Routledge. p.
3297:Martin Smith (1991).
3097:Alfred Stead (1901).
2801:as Chief Commissioner
2638:
2574:, 1895. Photographer
2569:
2562:Separation from India
2450:
2436:
2375:
2359:
2327:Pakokku Hill Tracts (
2318:Federated Shan States
1974:
1939:system. The colonial
1829:British rule in Burma
1799:Company rule in India
1636:
1600:
1588:
1580:teak, oil, and rubies
1557:
1506:
1262:Nyaungyan Restoration
1189:Warring states period
1115:Prehistory of Myanmar
740:and establishment of
391:Chinese folk religion
355:Burmese folk religion
264:Common languages
121:Official Coat of Arms
6354:Realm of New Zealand
6352:(transferred to the
6339:(transferred to the
6172:Realm of New Zealand
5773:Prince Edward Island
5651:1671β1816, 1833β1960
4766:Malta (Protectorate)
4380:Environmental issues
4339:Units of measurement
3986:First Toungoo Empire
3728:30 July 2020 at the
2852:Burmese part of the
2576:Philip Adolphe Klier
2443:Nationalist movement
2380:in Burma taken by a
1306:Nationalist movement
1270:Restored Hanthawaddy
1256:First Toungoo Empire
1232:1287β1539, 1550β1552
598:Legislature of Burma
6385:Since 2009 part of
6277:of AprilβJune 1982.
5864:Trinidad and Tobago
5478:Antigua and Barbuda
5378:Straits Settlements
4018:Japanese occupation
3971:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
3327:on 17 January 2008.
2955:Religion in Myanmar
2725:Panglong Conference
2717:Red Flag Communists
2666:British Indian Army
2540:(an ironic name as
2202:Tenasserim Division
2174:Thayetmyo Districts
1991:Tenasserim Division
1941:Government of India
1475:countries to adopt
1338:Ne Win dictatorship
1312:Japanese occupation
1300:Resistance movement
1230:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
1181:Early Pagan Kingdom
1070:Japanese occupation
899:Japanese occupation
106:Top: Official Flag
5537:Cape Breton Island
5428:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
5270:Unfederated States
5085:Southern Rhodesia
4675:Commonwealth realm
4603:Outline of Myanmar
4319:Telecommunications
4235:commander-in-chief
4028:Socialist Republic
3976:Kingdom of Mrauk U
3843:Michael W. Charney
3779:Far Eastern Survey
3683:. London: AMS Pr.
3520:Far Eastern Survey
3492:The World Factbook
2783:Myanmar portal
2645:
2584:
2555:Rangoon University
2453:
2386:
2362:
2254:Irrawaddy Division
2196:Myingyan Districts
2159:Sandoway Districts
2101:Pakokku Chin Hills
2061:Irrawaddy Division
2033:Sandoway Districts
1981:
1849:Partition of India
1642:Early British rule
1639:
1607:
1595:
1560:
1513:
1413:Myanmar portal
1344:SLORC / SPDC junta
1294:Anglo-Burmese Wars
1242:Kingdom of Mrauk U
1163:Arakanese kingdoms
1131:Sri Ksetra Kingdom
1097:History of Myanmar
991:Anglo-Burmese wars
719:status within the
312:Yunnanese Mandarin
139:God Save the Queen
59:byaitish bharrmarr
32:History of Myanmar
6451:
6450:
6408:
6407:
6284:
6283:
6216:Providence Island
6196:
6195:
6161:
6160:
6029:Western Australia
5997:Van Diemen's Land
5933:
5932:
5910:Associated States
5608:Columbia District
5442:
5441:
5296:Manila and Cavite
5114:
5113:
4993:Southern Rhodesia
4987:South-West Africa
4937:Northern Rhodesia
4849:Cape of Good Hope
4789:
4788:
4669:Current territory
4611:
4610:
4558:
4557:
4395:Human trafficking
4347:
4346:
4286:
4285:
4254:Political parties
4193:Foreign relations
4155:
4154:
3946:Myinsaing Kingdom
3912:
3911:
3716:978-81-250-3546-6
3434:on 19 August 2006
3067:978-1-86064-171-8
3042:978-0-374-16342-6
2631:Saharat Thai Doem
2553:, leaders of the
2530:In May 1930, the
2310:and The Triangle
2304:Sagaing Districts
2180:Mandalay Division
2164:Minbu Division (
1937:secular education
1890:
1889:
1857:
1856:
1764:
1763:
1721:
1720:
1541:Treaty of Yandabo
1447:
1446:
1350:Political reforms
1123:200 BCE β 1050 CE
1015:ααΌααΊαα¬ααα―ααΊααΆαα±α¬αΊ
983:
982:
969:
968:
965:
964:
887:
886:
661:Treaty of Yandabo
574:β’ 1947β1948
562:β’ 1937β1939
532:
529:β’ 1946β1948
517:
514:β’ 1862β1867
484:β’ 1936β1948
460:β’ 1910β1936
448:β’ 1901β1910
436:β’ 1862β1901
395:Tai folk religion
249:
227:
219:
189:Bengal Presidency
148:
134:God Save the King
61:
16:(Redirected from
6521:
6484:Burmese monarchy
6441:
6431:
6430:
6396:Antarctic Treaty
6357:
6344:
6329:Falkland Islands
6321:Tristan da Cunha
6313:Ascension Island
6290:
6289:
6241:Falkland Islands
6202:
6201:
6170:Now part of the
6042:Pitcairn Islands
6007:Auckland Islands
5976:
5975:
5962:
5955:
5948:
5939:
5938:
5924:Windward Islands
5878:Vancouver Island
5655:MassachusettsBay
5524:British Columbia
5448:
5447:
5264:Federated States
5120:
5119:
5030:Tristan da Cunha
4999:Southern Nigeria
4931:Northern Nigeria
4810:Ascension Island
4795:
4794:
4754:
4691:
4690:
4665:Former territory
4662:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4615:
4614:
4594:
4582:
4581:
4570:
4569:
4528:National symbols
4358:
4357:
4314:Opium production
4297:
4296:
4166:
4165:
4080:
4079:
3998:Konbaung dynasty
3900:
3899:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3839:
3810:
3773:
3765:
3750:
3741:
3720:
3701:
3676:
3670:
3643:
3599:
3598:
3580:
3579:
3551:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3483:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3371:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3294:
3257:
3256:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3161:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3005:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2958:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2824:
2802:
2799:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2758:British Dominion
2705:Sir Hubert Rance
2679:Lord Mountbatten
2605:Bo Aung Kyaw Day
2581:
2337:Pakokku District
2280:Sagaing Division
2274:Pyapon Districts
2226:Mergui Districts
2093:(Frontier Areas)
2085:Pyapon Districts
2015:Mergui Districts
1882:
1875:
1868:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1728:Portuguese India
1669:
1668:
1660:
1646:
1645:
1484:Konbaung dynasty
1439:
1432:
1425:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1390:Military history
1385:Royal chronicles
1375:List of capitals
1332:AFPFL government
1276:Konbaung dynasty
1157:
1138:
1107:
1093:
1092:
1016:
961:
960:
943:
942:
925:
924:
907:
906:
891:
890:
874:
873:
856:
855:
838:
837:
820:
819:
813:
812:
797:
796:
666:24 February 1826
537:Sir Hubert Rance
530:
515:
328:Standard Chinese
247:
232:Capital-in-exile
225:
217:
187:Division of the
176:
167:
150:
149:
118:
102:
95:
70:
69:
62:
57:
51:ααΌααααα»αΎαα¬αΈαα¬αΈ (
48:
47:
38:
37:
21:
6529:
6528:
6524:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6454:
6453:
6452:
6447:
6404:
6377:
6351:
6349:Ross Dependency
6338:
6295:
6280:
6255:
6207:
6192:
6162:
6157:
6113:
6108:Solomon Islands
6055:North Australia
6035:South Australia
5991:New South Wales
5969:
5966:
5929:
5649:Leeward Islands
5453:
5438:
5401:
5308:Muscat and Oman
5125:
5110:
5054:
4800:
4785:
4752:
4696:
4685:
4660:
4652:
4642:
4612:
4607:
4554:
4533:Public holidays
4424:
4420:Sex trafficking
4343:
4282:
4220:Law enforcement
4151:
4127:Protected areas
4069:
3981:Toungoo dynasty
3956:Sagaing Kingdom
3931:Pyu city-states
3908:
3894:
3885:
3791:10.2307/3024126
3760:
3757:
3730:Wayback Machine
3717:
3619:
3617:Further reading
3614:
3596:
3577:
3532:10.2307/3024126
3501:
3499:
3486:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3407:
3405:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3384:
3362:
3358:
3348:
3346:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3313:"Sword For Pen"
3311:
3310:
3306:
3295:
3260:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3141:
3139:
3127:
3123:
3109:
3107:
3095:
3091:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3029:
3025:
3018:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2961:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2901:
2897:
2878:
2874:
2866:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2777:
2775:
2767:
2674:
2649:Empire of Japan
2633:
2619:
2613:
2564:
2533:Dobama Asiayone
2514:β enemy of the
2508:Galon Rebellion
2445:
2414:Burmese Indians
2354:
2248:Prome Districts
2238:, Hanthawaddy,
2153:, Arakan Hill,
2147:Arakan Division
2116:Scheduled Areas
2091:Scheduled Areas
2055:Prome Districts
2045:, Hanthawaddy,
2021:Arakan Division
1969:
1917:
1886:
1839:Princely states
1779:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1663:
1644:
1501:
1473:Southeast Asian
1469:Irrawaddy River
1452:
1443:
1407:
1405:
1250:Toungoo dynasty
1210:Sagaing Kingdom
1151:
1135:Tagaung Kingdom
1128:
1121:Pyu city-states
1088:Sir James Scott
958:
952:
940:
935:Thai occupation
934:
922:
916:
904:
898:
881:
871:
863:
853:
845:
835:
827:
817:
754:
744:
723:
702:
689:
676:
663:
650:
623:
610:
596:
575:
563:
533:
518:
485:
473:
461:
449:
437:
413:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
246:
240:Punjab Province
224:
220:
216:
197:
192:
179:
162:
151:
144:
137:
124:
123:
122:
119:
111:
110:
107:
103:
96:
78:
74:
71:
67:
66:
65:
63:
56:
50:
49:
45:
44:
43:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6527:
6517:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6435:
6425:
6419:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6402:
6399:
6392:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6375:
6367:
6359:
6346:
6333:
6325:
6317:
6309:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6271:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6254:
6253:
6245:
6237:
6231:
6225:
6222:Willoughbyland
6219:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6198:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6180:
6174:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6149:
6143:
6136:
6129:
6123:
6116:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6104:
6098:
6092:
6082:
6076:
6070:
6064:
6058:
6052:
6046:
6038:
6032:
6022:
6016:
6010:
6004:
5994:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5980:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5964:
5957:
5950:
5942:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5901:
5895:
5889:
5885:Virgin Islands
5881:
5875:
5867:
5861:
5855:
5852:South Carolina
5849:
5843:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5816:
5810:
5804:
5798:
5788:
5782:
5776:
5770:
5764:
5758:
5752:
5749:North Carolina
5746:
5740:
5734:
5728:
5722:
5716:
5710:
5704:
5698:
5692:
5686:
5683:Mosquito Coast
5680:
5672:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5652:
5646:
5639:
5633:
5627:
5621:
5615:
5612:Oregon Country
5605:
5601:Cayman Islands
5597:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5583:
5577:
5571:
5559:
5552:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5521:
5515:
5507:
5500:
5494:
5488:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5444:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5430:
5421:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5393:
5390:Trucial States
5387:
5381:
5375:
5369:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5349:
5343:
5337:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5311:
5305:
5299:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5279:
5273:
5267:
5255:
5249:
5243:
5237:
5231:
5225:
5219:
5213:
5207:
5201:
5185:
5179:
5173:
5167:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5137:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5116:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5102:
5083:Self-governing
5080:
5066:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5046:
5040:
5034:
5026:
5020:
5014:
5008:
5002:
4996:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4972:
4966:
4960:
4952:
4946:
4940:
4934:
4928:
4922:
4916:
4910:
4904:
4898:
4892:
4886:
4876:
4870:
4864:
4858:
4855:Central Africa
4852:
4846:
4840:
4834:
4824:
4814:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4746:
4743:Ionian Islands
4740:
4734:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4677:
4671:
4666:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4646:British Empire
4641:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4618:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4588:
4576:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4334:Transportation
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4271:Prime Minister
4268:
4267:
4266:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4208:Women's rights
4205:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4023:Union of Burma
4020:
4015:
4010:
4008:Karenni States
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3961:Kingdom of Ava
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3936:Thaton Kingdom
3933:
3928:
3922:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3896:
3895:
3884:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3840:
3822:(2): 253β278.
3811:
3774:
3756:
3755:External links
3753:
3752:
3751:
3742:
3733:
3715:
3702:
3692:
3677:
3659:
3644:
3635:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3593:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3552:
3515:
3508:
3484:
3466:(2): 253β278.
3454:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3415:
3389:
3382:
3356:
3330:
3304:
3258:
3239:(2): 253β278.
3223:
3214:
3184:
3175:
3153:
3148:tribute china.
3121:
3089:
3073:
3066:
3048:
3041:
3023:
3016:
2990:
2981:
2959:
2946:
2915:(1): 118β147.
2895:
2872:
2857:
2845:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2773:
2766:
2763:
2673:
2670:
2653:State of Burma
2627:Burma Campaign
2615:Main article:
2612:
2609:
2563:
2560:
2493:Wunthanu athin
2469:Wunthanu athin
2444:
2441:
2366:redistribution
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2325:
2315:
2308:Hukawng Valley
2292:Upper Chindwin
2288:Lower Chindwin
2277:
2251:
2229:
2199:
2177:
2162:
2112:Frontier Areas
2108:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2058:
2036:
2018:
1988:
1977:Burma Province
1968:
1965:
1916:
1915:Administration
1913:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1781:
1780:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1738:
1737:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1673:Austrian India
1665:
1664:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1650:Colonial India
1643:
1640:
1500:
1497:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1216:Kingdom of Ava
1213:
1207:
1204:Pinya Kingdoms
1186:
1185:
1184:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1158:
1154:Thaton Kingdom
1148:
1147:
1140:
1139:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1117:11,000β200 BCE
1109:
1108:
1100:
1099:
981:
980:
975:
971:
970:
967:
966:
963:
962:
955:
953:Union of Burma
945:
944:
937:
927:
926:
919:
917:State of Burma
909:
908:
901:
888:
885:
884:
882:State of Burma
875:
867:
866:
857:
849:
848:
839:
831:
830:
821:
809:
808:
803:
793:
792:
787:
781:
780:
778:Pound sterling
767:
763:
762:
759:
758:
757:4 January 1948
755:
752:
749:
748:
745:
742:State of Burma
731:
728:
727:
724:
721:British Empire
717:self-governing
714:
711:
710:
703:
697:
694:
693:
690:
684:
681:
680:
677:
671:
668:
667:
664:
658:
655:
654:
651:
645:
642:
641:
638:
637:
632:
631:Historical era
628:
627:
624:
618:
615:
614:
611:
605:
602:
601:
590:
586:
585:
582:
581:
576:
573:
570:
569:
564:
561:
558:
557:
554:
553:
550:
544:
543:
540:
539:
534:
528:
525:
524:
519:
513:
510:
509:
506:
505:
502:
496:
495:
492:
491:
486:
483:
480:
479:
474:
471:
468:
467:
462:
459:
456:
455:
450:
447:
444:
443:
438:
435:
432:
431:
428:
427:
424:
418:
417:
408:
402:
401:
359:Rungtu Animism
347:
343:
342:
265:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
233:
229:
228:
211:
207:
206:
203:United Kingdom
185:
181:
180:
177:
169:
168:
158:National Badge
153:
152:
142:
126:
125:
120:
113:
112:
104:
97:
90:
89:
88:
85:
84:
80:
79:
72:
42:British Burma
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6526:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6434:
6426:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6400:
6397:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6373:
6372:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6330:
6326:
6323:
6322:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6291:
6287:
6276:
6275:Falklands War
6272:
6270:
6266:
6262:
6261:
6258:
6251:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6210:
6206:South America
6203:
6199:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6179:
6175:
6173:
6169:
6168:
6165:
6153:
6150:
6147:
6144:
6141:
6137:
6134:
6130:
6127:
6124:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6109:
6105:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6095:Union Islands
6093:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6080:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6053:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6033:
6030:
6026:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5972:
5963:
5958:
5956:
5951:
5949:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5808:
5807:Rupert's Land
5805:
5802:
5799:
5796:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5767:Paulet affair
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5713:New Hampshire
5711:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5701:New Brunswick
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5640:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5609:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5587:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5557:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5459:
5456:
5452:North America
5449:
5445:
5435:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5372:South Vietnam
5370:
5367:
5364:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5344:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5291:
5288:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5121:
5117:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4796:
4792:
4781:
4778:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4639:
4634:
4632:
4627:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4385:Ethnic groups
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4230:military rule
4228:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4102:Deforestation
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4043:2007 protests
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4033:8888 Uprising
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:Prome Kingdom
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3951:Pinya Kingdom
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:Pagan Kingdom
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3907:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3882:
3877:
3875:
3870:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3764:
3759:
3758:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3690:
3689:0-404-54834-2
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3668:"Burma"
3664:
3660:
3657:
3656:0-576-03152-6
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3611:
3609:
3608:public domain
3603:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3589:public domain
3584:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3433:
3429:
3428:The Irrawaddy
3425:
3419:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3385:
3383:0-415-70186-4
3379:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3360:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3300:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3218:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3179:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3158:
3149:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3093:
3085:
3084:
3077:
3069:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3044:
3038:
3034:
3027:
3019:
3017:0-521-79914-7
3013:
3009:
3004:
3003:
2994:
2985:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2956:
2950:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2899:
2892:(1): 169β172.
2891:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2855:
2849:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2819:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2703:
2702:Major-General
2698:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2643:in Burma 1944
2642:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2449:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2426:George Orwell
2421:
2417:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2383:
2379:
2378:deforestation
2374:
2370:
2367:
2358:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2232:Pegu Division
2230:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2105:Kachin tracts
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:Pegu Division
2037:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1973:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1912:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1901:Anglo-Burmese
1896:
1894:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1772:
1771:British India
1768:
1767:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1746:Casa da Γndia
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1683:Swedish India
1681:
1680:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1599:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1562:In 1852, the
1556:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:British India
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1505:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1395:Military rule
1393:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:1948βpresent
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1222:Prome Kingdom
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:Upper Myanmar
1192:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:Pagan Kingdom
1173:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1146:825?β1057? CE
1145:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:British Burma
1000:
996:
992:
988:
979:
976:
974:Today part of
972:
956:
954:
951:
947:
946:
938:
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815:
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811:
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804:
802:
799:
798:
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791:
788:
786:
785:ISO 3166 code
782:
779:
775:
771:
770:Burmese rupee
768:
764:
760:
756:
750:
746:
743:
739:
738:Thai invasion
735:
729:
726:April 1, 1937
725:
722:
718:
712:
708:
704:
701:
700:British India
695:
691:
688:
682:
678:
675:
669:
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348:
344:
341:
340:Northern Thai
337:
336:Southern Thai
333:
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297:
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241:
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54:
39:
36:
33:
19:
18:British Burma
6386:
6369:
6361:
6327:
6319:
6311:
6305:Saint Helena
6303:
6247:
6239:
6089:Cook Islands
6040:
6013:New Hebrides
5982:20th century
5898:West Florida
5883:
5869:
5801:Rhode Island
5779:Pennsylvania
5737:Newfoundland
5674:
5599:
5549:East Florida
5520:16th c.β1880
5509:
5461:
5358:Crown Colony
5346:Pulo Condore
5320:Crown Colony
5314:North Borneo
5203:
5187:
5146:Protectorate
5095:unrecognised
5089:in 1965 (as
5028:
4981:South Africa
4969:Sierra Leone
4956:Saint Helena
4954:
4949:Orange River
4827:Bechuanaland
4808:
4728:
4704:
4668:
4648:and Current
4595:
4583:
4571:
4415:Prostitution
4370:Demographics
4309:Central bank
4198:Human rights
4178:Constitution
4013:British rule
4012:
3905:
3819:
3815:
3785:(3): 21β26.
3782:
3778:
3767:
3746:
3737:
3706:
3696:
3680:
3672:
3647:
3639:
3623:
3605:
3601:
3586:
3582:
3555:
3526:(3): 21β26.
3523:
3519:
3500:. Retrieved
3491:
3463:
3459:
3436:. Retrieved
3432:the original
3427:
3418:
3406:. Retrieved
3392:
3367:
3359:
3347:. Retrieved
3333:
3325:the original
3316:
3307:
3298:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3196:
3187:
3178:
3165:
3147:
3140:. Retrieved
3131:
3124:
3115:
3108:. Retrieved
3099:
3092:
3082:
3076:
3057:
3051:
3032:
3026:
3001:
2993:
2984:
2949:
2937:. Retrieved
2912:
2908:
2898:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2870:, p. 29
2848:
2836:. Retrieved
2822:
2797:
2746:Martyrs' Day
2730:
2714:
2699:
2675:
2657:puppet state
2646:
2641:British Army
2611:World War II
2600:
2597:
2585:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2489:National Day
2485:
2481:
2473:U Dhammaloka
2468:
2454:
2437:
2431:Burmese Days
2429:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2400:
2387:
2376:An image of
2363:
2312:Native areas
2236:Rangoon City
2141:
2109:
2043:Rangoon City
1982:
1960:India Office
1953:
1949:
1934:
1918:
1905:
1897:
1891:
1828:
1789:EIC in India
1713:French India
1703:Danish India
1608:
1561:
1549:U.S. dollars
1537:Maha Bandula
1514:
1481:
1456:trade routes
1453:
1358:2021βpresent
1287:
1144:Mon kingdoms
1078:
1074:World War II
1062:Burma Office
1057:
1053:
1043:
1038:
1006:
1002:
994:
984:
949:
931:
913:
895:
878:
860:
842:
824:
806:Succeeded by
805:
800:
774:Indian rupee
653:5 March 1824
635:Colonial era
472:β’ 1936
399:Christianity
387:Confucianism
199:Crown colony
156:
129:
75:
58:
35:
6422:Anglosphere
6140:New Zealand
6049:New Zealand
5918:West Jersey
5833:Saint Lucia
5819:Saint Kitts
5813:Saint Croix
5793:1763β1791*
5761:Nova Scotia
5707:New England
5663:, 1691β1776
5630:East Jersey
5618:Connecticut
5497:Bay Islands
5384:Transjordan
5302:Mesopotamia
5140:Afghanistan
5134:Aden Colony
4919:Niger Coast
4885:) 1874β1957
4861:East Africa
4843:Cape Colony
4833:) 1884β1966
4823:) 1868β1966
4304:Agriculture
4142:Earthquakes
4003:Shan States
3502:17 February
3408:22 December
3207:17 December
3142:19 February
3110:19 February
2838:16 February
2244:Tharrawaddy
2097:Shan States
2051:Tharrawaddy
1921:direct rule
1819:British Raj
1776:(1600β1947)
1733:(1505β1961)
1693:Dutch India
1603:King Thibaw
1511:in May 1824
1482:The ruling
1236:Shan States
1050:Upper Burma
1031:Lower Burma
864:British Raj
846:Upper Burma
801:Preceded by
621:Lower house
608:Upper house
600:(1936β1947)
595:(1897β1936)
589:Legislature
477:Edward VIII
332:Kedah Malay
248:(1942β1945)
218:(1826β1852)
205:(1937β1948)
196:(1862β1937)
191:(1826β1862)
160:(1939β1948)
141:(1837β1901)
68:(1886β1948)
46:(1824β1886)
6458:Categories
6374:since 1908
6366:since 1908
6332:since 1833
6324:since 1816
6316:since 1815
6308:since 1658
6265:department
6252:since 1908
6244:since 1833
6045:since 1838
6025:Swan River
6019:Queensland
5906:1958β1962
5888:since 1666
5874:since 1799
5725:New Jersey
5695:New Albion
5679:since 1632
5676:Montserrat
5657:1629β1691
5604:since 1670
5526:1858β1866
5514:since 1619
5466:since 1650
5419:Bangladesh
5354:1841β1946
5316:1882β1963
5282:Federation
5260:1819β1826
5198:Seychelles
5142:1839β1842
5033:since 1816
5017:Tanganyika
4975:Somaliland
4963:Seychelles
4959:since 1658
4879:Gold Coast
4873:The Gambia
4817:Basutoland
4813:since 1815
4768:1800β1813
4758:Free State
4751:1542β1800
4737:Heligoland
4733:since 1713
4513:Literature
4468:Censorship
4448:State Seal
4242:Parliament
4183:Corruption
4107:Ecoregions
3926:Prehistory
3632:0094789207
3438:30 October
3349:23 October
2809:References
2748:in Burma.
2721:Thakin Soe
2694:communists
2621:See also:
2582:1845β1911)
2395:Suez Canal
2329:Chin Hills
1619:Thibaw Min
1521:Chittagong
1489:Dhammathat
1326:Modern era
1290:1824β1948
1252:1510β1752
1196:1297β1555
1064:under the
1044:After the
1023:Tenasserim
453:Edward VII
406:Demonym(s)
379:Sanamahism
352:(majority)
280:Hindustani
76:myanmarpyi
73:ααΌααΊαα¬ααΌααΊ
30:See also:
6358:1841β1947
6345:1841β1933
6236:1831β1966
6230:1670β1688
6224:1651β1667
6218:1631β1641
6148:1914β1962
6142:1907β1947
6135:1901β1942
6133:Australia
6128:1900β1974
6122:1900β1970
6110:1893β1978
6103:1892β1979
6097:1889β1948
6091:1888β1901
6085:Rarotonga
6081:1884β1902
6075:1877β1976
6069:1874β1970
6063:1851β1901
6057:1846β1847
6051:1841β1907
6037:1836β1901
6031:1829β1901
6021:1824β1901
6015:1824β1980
6009:1807β1863
6003:1803β1901
5993:1788β1901
5926:1833β1960
5920:1674β1702
5912:1967β1983
5900:1763β1783
5894:1607β1776
5880:1849β1866
5866:1889β1962
5860:1862β1863
5854:1712β1776
5848:1635β1644
5842:1627β1979
5835:1605β1979
5828:1882β1983
5821:1623β1983
5815:1625β1650
5809:1670β1870
5803:1636β1776
5797:1853β1863
5787:1620β1691
5781:1681β1776
5775:1763β1873
5763:1713β1867
5757:1859β1870
5751:1712β1776
5745:1583β1907
5739:1907β1949
5733:1664β1776
5721:1637β1662
5719:New Haven
5715:1680β1776
5709:1686β1689
5703:1784β1867
5691:1628β1983
5685:1655β1860
5671:1632β1776
5645:1655β1962
5638:1733β1776
5632:1674β1702
5626:1701β1776
5620:1636β1776
5614:1818β1846
5596:1663β1712
5588:1867β1931
5582:1841β1867
5576:1791β1841
5570:1791β1841
5558:1762β1974
5551:1763β1783
5545:1763β1978
5539:1754β1820
5530:1866β1871
5506:1871β1981
5499:1643β1860
5493:1624β1966
5487:1670β1973
5480:1860β1981
5473:1632β1860
5398:1898β1930
5392:1892β1971
5386:1921β1946
5380:1826β1946
5374:1945β1946
5368:1946β1963
5366:Singapore
5360:1946β1963
5348:1702β1705
5342:1786β1946
5336:1923β1948
5334:Palestine
5322:1946β1963
5310:1891β1971
5304:1920β1932
5298:1762β1764
5292:1796β1965
5284:1948β1957
5278:1946β1948
5272:1885β1946
5266:1895β1946
5254:1848β1946
5248:1918β1961
5242:1811β1816
5236:1858β1947
5230:1841β1997
5228:Hong Kong
5224:1878β1960
5218:1795β1948
5212:1888β1984
5206:1824β1948
5194:Mauritius
5184:1874β1963
5172:1757β1947
5166:1812β1824
5156:1685β1824
5154:Bencoolen
5148:1879β1919
5136:1839β1967
5051:1887β1897
5045:1890β1963
5039:1890β1962
5025:1900β1910
5023:Transvaal
5019:1922β1961
5013:1899β1956
5007:1893β1968
5005:Swaziland
5001:1900β1914
4989:1915β1931
4983:1910β1931
4977:1884β1960
4971:1792β1961
4965:1903β1976
4951:1900β1910
4945:1891β1964
4943:Nyasaland
4939:1924β1964
4933:1900β1914
4927:1914β1960
4921:1884β1900
4915:1856β1910
4909:1810β1968
4907:Mauritius
4903:1807β1808
4897:1862β1906
4891:1920β1963
4875:1816β1965
4869:1882β1922
4863:1895β1920
4857:1891β1907
4851:1806β1910
4845:1795β1803
4839:1919β1961
4837:Cameroons
4774:1813β1964
4760:1921β1931
4745:1809β1864
4739:1807β1890
4730:Gibraltar
4725:1878β1960
4719:1794β1796
4673:*Current
4538:Tattooing
4498:Festivals
4493:Etymology
4400:Languages
4375:Education
4259:President
4188:Elections
4147:Volcanoes
4122:Mountains
4075:Geography
4063:Civil war
4053:2021 coup
3807:155018749
3548:155018749
2929:225748025
2814:Citations
2750:Thakin Nu
2428:'s novel
2407:mortgages
2403:Chettiars
2384:official.
2300:Myitkyina
2270:Myaungmya
2081:Myaungmya
2073:Thayetmyo
1843:1721β1949
1833:1824β1948
1823:1858β1947
1813:1797β1813
1803:1757β1858
1793:1600β1757
1760:1628β1633
1750:1434β1833
1717:1668β1954
1707:1620β1869
1697:1605β1825
1687:1731β1813
1677:1778β1785
1576:Singapore
1356:SAC junta
1352:2011β2015
1346:1988β2010
1340:1962β1988
1334:1948β1962
1314:1942β1945
1308:1900β1948
1302:1885β1895
1296:1824β1885
1278:1752β1885
1272:1740β1757
1264:1599β1752
1258:1510β1599
1244:1429β1785
1238:1215β1563
1224:1482β1542
1218:1365β1555
1212:1315β1365
1206:1297β1365
1200:Myinsaing
1177:849β1297
1165:788?β1406
1048:in 1885,
747:1942β1945
679:1852β1853
489:George VI
346:Religion
320:Cantonese
83:1824β1948
6433:Category
6269:Colombia
6184:Kiribati
6061:Victoria
6001:Tasmania
5892:Virginia
5858:Stickeen
5846:Saybrook
5785:Plymouth
5731:New York
5669:Maryland
5661:Province
5624:Delaware
5594:Carolina
5586:Dominion
5580:Province
5543:Dominica
5491:Barbados
5463:Anguilla
5434:disputed
5415:Pakistan
5290:Maldives
5164:Billiton
5091:Rhodesia
5077:Tanzania
5073:Cameroon
5049:Zululand
5043:Zanzibar
4831:Botswana
4573:Category
4548:Weddings
4508:Folklore
4478:Clothing
4458:Calendar
4453:Capitals
4405:Religion
4225:Military
4215:Conflict
4161:Politics
4137:Wildlife
4058:Protests
3892:articles
3836:20067745
3726:Archived
3665:(1905).
3496:Archived
3480:20067745
3402:Archived
3343:Archived
3317:time.com
3253:20067745
3201:Archived
2933:Archived
2832:Archived
2765:See also
2742:Sein Win
2547:Aung San
2504:Saya San
2477:sedition
2391:mangrove
2192:Meiktila
2188:Mandalay
2155:Kyaukpyu
2135:and the
2029:Kyaukpyu
1627:Mandalay
1572:Calcutta
1533:Danuphyu
1491:and the
1477:Buddhism
1458:between
1370:Timeline
1183:849β1044
1084:Scottish
766:Currency
734:Japanese
500:Governor
465:George V
441:Victoria
363:Hinduism
350:Buddhism
308:Nepalese
296:Gujarati
214:Moulmein
6424:culture
6178:Vanuatu
5968:Oceania
5643:Jamaica
5636:Georgia
5556:Grenada
5511:Bermuda
5485:Bahamas
5471:Antigua
5352:Sarawak
5064:Namibia
4925:Nigeria
4901:Madeira
4821:Lesotho
4780:Minorca
4749:Ireland
4717:Corsica
4644:Former
4585:Commons
4483:Cuisine
4430:Culture
4353:Society
4329:Tourism
4292:Economy
4112:Islands
4097:Climate
4087:Borders
3918:History
3888:Myanmar
3799:3024126
3540:3024126
3488:"Burma"
3451:Sources
2719:led by
2683:Colonel
2572:Rangoon
2497:hpongyi
2352:Economy
2345:Jaintia
2333:Manipur
2322:Karenni
2262:Henzada
2258:Bassein
2218:Salween
2214:Amherst
2206:Toungoo
2184:Kyaukse
2137:Karenni
2069:Henzada
2065:Bassein
2007:Salween
2003:Amherst
1995:Toungoo
1945:Burmese
1529:Rangoon
1509:Rangoon
1493:Hluttaw
1380:Leaders
1011:Burmese
978:Myanmar
732:β’
685:β’
672:β’
659:β’
646:β’
619:β’
606:β’
548:Premier
516:(first)
422:Monarch
415:Burmese
411:British
375:Jainism
371:Sikhism
316:Hokkien
304:Punjabi
292:Bengali
268:Burmese
258:English
222:Rangoon
210:Capital
201:of the
130:Anthem:
53:Burmese
6443:Portal
6263:Now a
6234:Guiana
6188:Tuvalu
5791:Quebec
5563:Canada
5504:Belize
5396:Weihai
5340:Penang
5328:Padang
5258:Malaya
5252:Labuan
5246:Kuwait
5222:Cyprus
5216:Ceylon
5210:Brunei
5182:Borneo
5176:Bhutan
5170:Bengal
5106:Zambia
5037:Uganda
4799:Africa
4772:Colony
4723:Cyprus
4711:Cyprus
4695:Europe
4661:Legend
4597:Portal
4473:Cinema
4463:Zodiac
4443:Anthem
4390:Health
4132:Rivers
4092:Cities
3890:
3849:, in:
3834:
3805:
3797:
3713:
3687:
3654:
3630:
3600:
3581:
3546:
3538:
3478:
3380:
3251:
3064:
3039:
3014:
2927:
2734:Ba Win
2710:Attlee
2661:Ba Maw
2629:, and
2589:Ba Maw
2542:thakin
2538:thakin
2521:Ba Maw
2512:Garuda
2341:Cachar
2306:, the
2266:Maubin
2224:, and
2210:Thaton
2166:Magway
2133:Kachin
2131:, the
2127:, the
2120:states
2077:Maubin
2013:, and
1999:Thaton
1979:, 1931
1930:Sangha
1926:Thibaw
1623:France
1611:Mindon
1019:Arakan
705:1937 (
613:Senate
567:Ba Maw
552:
531:(last)
504:
426:
383:Taoism
288:Telugu
276:Meitei
272:Rungtu
184:Status
132:
6186:and *
6152:Nauru
6146:Samoa
6120:Tonga
6079:Papua
5689:Nevis
5574:Upper
5568:Lower
5411:India
5276:Union
5234:India
5204:Burma
5160:Banka
5011:Sudan
4913:Natal
4895:Lagos
4889:Kenya
4883:Ghana
4867:Egypt
4523:Music
4518:Media
4488:Dance
4410:Women
4365:Crime
4117:Lakes
3906:Burma
3847:Burma
3832:JSTOR
3803:S2CID
3795:JSTOR
3544:S2CID
3536:JSTOR
3476:JSTOR
3249:JSTOR
3170:(PDF)
2939:8 May
2925:S2CID
2789:Notes
2593:U Saw
2551:Ko Nu
2525:U Saw
2516:Nagas
2296:Katha
2284:Bhamo
2222:Tavoy
2170:Minbu
2151:Akyab
2110:The "
2025:Akyab
2011:Tavoy
1908:China
1517:Assam
1464:India
1460:China
1080:Burma
1058:major
1054:Burma
1039:minor
1007:Burma
997:as a
995:Burma
987:Burma
950:1948:
932:1943:
914:1943:
896:1942:
879:1945:
861:1937:
843:1885:
825:1824:
367:Islam
324:Hakka
284:Tamil
236:Simla
64:Burma
6182:Now
6176:Now
6126:Niue
6067:Fiji
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