55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division

529: 53: 710:, who had replaced Kirke, believed the division (along with the others which had remained in the UK) to be insufficiently trained, equipped, and unable to undertake offensive operations. The division was therefore assigned a static coastal defence role in Essex, while leaving enough troops available to deal with any German paratrooper landings that may occur in its area. Duties also included the digging and improving of defensive positions, and ongoing training. On paper, an infantry division was to have seventy-two 1576: 85: 102: 896:. The division participated in this deception effort by maintaining wireless signals suggesting it was moving around the United Kingdom as part of the Fourth Army. The overall ruse of an attack on Norway was maintained through July 1944, the plan officially coming to an end in September. Historian Mary Barbier wrote "the evidence seems to indicate that was only partially successful" and "a heated debate has erupted over whether or not was a success." 359:, TA formations and units were only permitted to recruit up to 60 per cent of their establishment. Due to chronic underfunding, the lack of a pressing national threat, and a diminished level of prestige associated with serving in the TA, it was rare for units to reach even this level of manpower. By the 1930s, this resulted in the TA having limited access to modern equipment, under-trained men, and officers with inadequate experience in command. 860:(previously the 10th Battalion, Loyal Regiment) was transferred to Italy. While the 199th Brigade remained part of the division, it was attached to Northern Ireland District in July 1944. The same month, the division, minus the 199th Brigade, returned to the mainland and moved to southern Wales. The 199th Brigade, renumbered the 166th Brigade, physically rejoined the division in June 1945. In April 1945, the 215:, the motor division concept was abandoned. The division regained its third infantry brigade, and became the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division. It remained within the United Kingdom, training for future operations as well as training replacements for combat units, and assigned to anti-invasion duties. By 1944, the division had been drained of many of its assets. The remnant of the division was used in 1734:. The troop levels in Norway could also have several explanations: the Germans did not realise there was sufficient forces based in Scotland to carry out an invasion, the deception plan played into the German understanding of how important Norway was, and the levels could have remained the same as a way to guard the German northern flank and protect 551:. On 15 September, the 166th Infantry Brigade (renamed the 176th Infantry Brigade) and the 177th Brigade were transferred to the 59th (Staffordshire) Motor Division. This left the 55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division with the 164th and 165th Brigades. The former consisted of the 9th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool), the 1/4th Battalion, the 387:. Historian David French wrote "the main role of the infantry ... was to break into the enemy's defensive position." This would then be exploited by the mobile division, followed by the motor divisions that would "carry out the rapid consolidation of the ground captured by the mobile divisions" therefore "transform the 'break-in' into a ' 806:. In June, the division lost five men killed following a German bombing raid. In December 1943, the division received drafts from anti-aircraft regiments. These men were then given a ten-week training course to make them viable drafts for infantry units. The same month, the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division transferred to 407:. The British motor division, while being fully motorised and capable of transporting all their infantry, was "otherwise much weaker than normal infantry divisions" or their German counterparts as it was made up of only two brigades, had two artillery regiments as opposed to an infantry division's three, and contained no tanks. 427:. The division retained three brigades until March 1939, when the 164th Brigade was disbanded, bringing the division into line with the intention of the new organisation. Now the 55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division, it comprised the 165th (Liverpool) and the 166th (South Lancashire and Cheshire) Infantry Brigades. 506:. By September, the 55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division had also reformed the 164th Brigade. Despite the intention for the army to grow, the programme was complicated by a lack of central guidance on the expansion and duplication process and a lack of facilities, equipment and instructors. In April 1939, limited 697:

began implementing lessons learnt from the campaign in France. This included a decision to base the standard division around three brigades, and the abandonment of the motor division concept. This process involved breaking up four-second-line territorial divisions to reinforce depleted formations and

510:

was introduced. At that time 34,500 men, all aged 20, were conscripted into the regular army, initially to be trained for six months before being deployed to the forming second line units. It had been envisioned by the War Office that the duplicating process and recruiting the required numbers of men

410:

In 1938, the army decided to create six motor divisions from TA units. Only three infantry divisions were converted before the war, including the 55th (West Lancashire). This resulted in the removal of infantry and artillery elements from the division. Many of the division's battalions were converted

1676:

Julius was the codeword to bring troops to a state of readiness within eight hours. The codeword Caesar meant an invasion was imminent, and units were to be readied for immediate action. Kirke's plan assumed that the Germans would use 4,000 paratroopers, followed by 15,000 troops landed via civilian

774:. During the final months of 1941, the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division started to provide drafts of men to other formations. This was followed by the division being placed on the lower establishment in January 1942. In December 1941, the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division relocated to 924:

in reserve behind the 15th Army, were transferred to Normandy. The Germans had realised, as early as May, that the threat to Normandy was real. Barbier concluded that while the Germans believed the deception due to "preconceived ideas about the importance of the Pas De Calais", the Allied staff had

919:

wrote that the Germans readily believed in the threat to the Pas de Calais and "it was only at the end of July" that they realised a second assault was not coming, and "by that time, it was too late to move reinforcements". Nevertheless, Barbier concludes "that the importance of the deception has

496:

announced plans to increase the TA from 130,000 to 340,000 men and double the number of TA divisions. The plan was for existing TA divisions, referred to as the first-line, to recruit over their establishments (aided by an increase in pay for Territorials, the removal of restrictions on promotion

855:

fighting in France. The remaining 4,800 men were considered ineligible at that time for service abroad for a variety of reasons, including a lack of training or being medically unfit. Over the following six months, up to 75 per cent of these men would be deployed to reinforce 21st Army Group

856:

following the completion of their training and certification of fitness. For example, the two Liverpool Scottish battalions were used as training units and a source of reinforcements for other Scottish regiments. Entire units were also stripped from the division and deployed abroad; the 2nd

753:

coast. This included manning coastal defensive positions, being assigned to hunt down any German paratroopers, improving and expanding defences in their sector, and training. With the arrival of increased levels of ammunition, the men of the division were able to considerably improve their

830:

In May 1944, the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division was raised to higher establishment. The division did not increase in size; the war establishment (the paper strength) of a higher establishment infantry division, in this period, was 18,347 men. The 55th (West Lancashire), the

915:. In July, the division was reported as an assault division training near Southampton. In September, as the "Fortitude" deception was wound down and the Fourth Army dispersed, it was allowed to be known that the division had reverted to a training role. Historian 868:

were attached to the division. These were recently converted anti-aircraft formations. The latter remained with the division for seventeen days, before being sent to the 21st Army Group. The former stayed with the division into May, and then deployed to Norway.

749:. While based there, they conducted training in a counterattack role that involved moving to concentration areas behind units based along the south and southeast coasts. In February 1941, the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division moved south to defend the 481:

the Sudetenland. Although Chamberlain had intended the agreement to lead to further peaceful resolution of issues, relations between the two countries soon deteriorated. On 15 March 1939, Germany breached the terms of the agreement by invading and occupying

1716:

During the war, divisions of the British Army were organised as either higher or lower establishment formations. The former were intended for deployment overseas and combat, whereas the latter had been strictly detailed for home defence in a static

283:. During two years of war, 63,923 men served in the division, over half becoming casualties. Following the end of the war, in 1918, and through 1919, the division was demobilised. In April 1920, the division started the process of reforming in 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 1645:

decided, territorial soldiers could be deployed overseas for combat (This avoided the complications of the First World War-era TF, whose members were not required to leave Britain unless they volunteered for overseas service, until the

5875: 649:

In January 1940, the division was used to obtain drafts for formations overseas as well as volunteers to man anti-aircraft guns on small ships. In March, the division was relieved as a reserve formation. It was assigned to

607:(BEF) that had already been dispatched to Europe. The TA would join regular army divisions in waves as its divisions completed their training, the final divisions deploying a year after the war began. In October 1939, the 932:

after the war. The TA was reformed in 1947, on a much smaller scale of nine divisions and did not include the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division. In 1947, the division's insignia was temporarily adopted by the 87th

618:, was tasked with drawing up a plan, codenamed Julius Caesar, to defend the United Kingdom from a potential German invasion. As part of this plan, the division was assigned to Home Forces' reserve. It was transferred to 1702:

was broken up on 30 June, one brigade being transferred to 50th (Northumberland) Motor Division. On 7 August, the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division was re-created by the re-designation of its second-line duplicate, the

6018: 937:, but was replaced at some point before the unit was disbanded in 1955. This formation was based in Liverpool and was made up primarily of units from the West Lancashire area, creating a connection with the division. 589:, while also assisting the civilian authorities during air raids. On 6 September, the division fired its first shots of the war. Divisional anti-aircraft and machine guns fired on three aircraft flying low over the 501:

around which the new divisions could be expanded. This process was dubbed "duplicating". The 55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division provided cadres to create a second line "duplicate" formation, which became the

741:. This was a reserve formation, based away from the coast, the intended role being to counterattack German landings in East Anglia. Elements of the division moved to more central locations, for example the two 1741:

ore shipments. The former two points have been used to highlight the success of the operation. Detractors have also noted that the Germans were "more interested in radio traffic that originated in the

419:(RE), becoming the 38th (The King's Regiment) Anti-Aircraft Battalion, RE; the 5th King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) was converted to artillery, becoming the 56th (King's Own) Anti-Tank Regiment, 1726:

Barbier discussed the opposing arguments. Those in favour of the success of the operation have highlighted that German troop levels in Norway stayed relatively the same, and none were transferred to

1641:

would create a second-line division using a cadre of trained personnel and, if needed, a third division would be created. All TA recruits were required to take the general service obligation: if the

662:. These moves were part of a larger effort by Kirke to reinforce the defences in the east of England, which he believed would be the location most in danger of an invasion as a result of the German 555:, and the 2/4th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment. The 165th Brigade was made up of the 5th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool), and the 1st and the 2nd Battalions, Liverpool Scottish ( 929: 228: 802:

conducted by German forces along the coast. This was in addition to continued training, guarding vulnerable points, and rendering assistance to nearby civilian authorities as needed after

5993: 5880: 847:

had a combined total of 17,845 men. The division remained within the United Kingdom and was drained of manpower to a point that it was all but disbanded, and was then maintained as a

734:, who replaced Ironside, reviewed the division on 1 August. He recorded in his diary that the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division "should be quite good with a bit of training." 670:, constructing roadblocks inland from potential invasion beaches, and providing mobile detachments to respond to any German airborne landings. In April, following the start of the 5870: 3807: 6093: 5865: 698:

aid in transforming the Army's five motor divisions, each made up of two brigades, into infantry divisions made up of three brigades. As part of this process, on 23 June, the

6098: 899:

The division then joined the II Corps's notional move south from Scotland to England, in June 1944, becoming part of "Fortitude South" to convince the Germans that the

5806: 1694:

The other brigades of the 66th Division were transferred to the 1st London and the 59th (Staffordshire) divisions to complete their transition to infantry formations.

770:, and increased the tempo of training. Morgan maintained his position until October, when he was wounded during a training exercise, and was replaced by Major-General 511:

would take no more than six months. The process varied widely between the TA divisions. Some were ready in weeks while others had made little progress by the time the

497:

which had hindered recruiting, construction of better-quality barracks and an increase in supper rations) and then form a new division, known as the second-line, from

6030: 5968: 5825: 5228: 4761: 925:

overestimated the effectiveness of the deception in causing the inaction of the 15th Army, because they also held a "preconceived notion of what would accomplish".

17: 786:. The intention of this deployment was to counter-attack any German landings along the coast or at nearby airfields. The 165th Brigade also spent some time at 5134: 2065: 2014: 1698:

was disbanded on 11 July 1940, its brigades being allocated to 1st London and 2nd London Motor Divisions as part of their transition to infantry formations.

706:

and an artillery regiment to be transferred to the 55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division, which became the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division. General

6103: 5263: 921: 1446: 790:. During its stay with Northern Command, the majority of the time was spent training, from the battalion to the brigade level. The division relocated to 1629:

The TA was the reserve of the British regular army made up of part-time volunteers. Its intended role was the sole method of expanding the size of the

4946: 4614: 3036: 5956: 4181: 4148: 4117: 1605: 181:

throughout the 1920s and 1930s, and was under-funded and under-staffed. In the late 1930s, the division was reduced from three to two infantry

4376: 3326: 2237: 2211: 1595: 5098: 5081: 5076: 5071: 920:

been overrated". The 15th Army was largely immobile, and not combat-ready. Despite the deception, several German divisions, including the

5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 4682: 4381: 548: 3063: 1473: 604: 4648: 1835: 1610: 1518: 1171: 1142: 256: 1480: 5517: 5204: 5180: 4836: 4568: 1780: 1433: 1249: 1134: 424: 211:. The 55th remained in the United Kingdom, in a defensive role, after the outbreak of the Second World War. In 1940, following the 3494:

Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2A. The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56)

4975: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4856: 4851: 4826: 4816: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4558: 4512: 4466: 1808:

In June 1942, the Reconnaissance Corps universally adopted cavalry nomenclature. As a result, all companies were redesignated as

1371: 865: 861: 844: 836: 699: 603:

The war deployment plan for the TA envisioned its divisions being sent overseas, as equipment became available, to reinforce the

244: 207:

of its own personnel, a process called "duplicating". The division then used these new formations to create its "duplicate", the

58: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6035: 5983: 5973: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5830: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5233: 4911: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4766: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4672: 4667: 4543: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4461: 4371: 912: 503: 376: 208: 5988: 5896: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5572: 5160: 4896: 4876: 4583: 4085: 4066: 4044: 4008: 3953: 3934: 3915: 3896: 3877: 3855: 3836: 3817: 3796: 3777: 3753: 3717: 3691: 3672: 3650: 3631: 3541: 3522: 3482: 3459: 3440: 3421: 3399: 1678: 1664: 1638: 1409: 714:

field guns. By 31 May, the division only had eight such modern guns. These were supplemented by four First World War-vintage

296: 189: 815: 5547: 4871: 4517: 4174: 3387: 1772: 1263: 731: 460: 1018:

55th (West Lancashire) Divisional Royal Artillery (61st Field Brigade and 2 batteries of the 62nd Field Brigade attached)

5648: 5603: 4110: 3660: 1403: 707: 200: 872:

In the final months of 1943 and through June 1944, the division's actual and notional moves were deliberately leaked by

4965: 4330: 1556: 1282: 1108: 911:

from the Pas-de-Calais to Normandy. The division also provided the signal and headquarters staff to create the phantom

795: 556: 5653: 5623: 5613: 4811: 3501: 1548: 1350: 1181: 857: 619: 292: 5663: 5633: 5562: 5223: 4886: 4806: 4801: 4756: 4592: 1792: 1704: 1695: 1295: 1243: 651: 536: 403:) and were equipped similarly to a regular infantry division, while their smaller light divisions contained a tank 344: 336: 288: 5628: 5577: 5522: 4861: 4841: 4573: 4522: 4167: 4138: 3563: 1784: 1776: 1660: 840: 608: 240: 162: 31: 1754:

The 15th Army was made up of seven static divisions trained for defensive operations, and supplemented with two

5708: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5567: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5000: 4891: 4831: 4598: 4563: 4103: 1796: 1424: 1206: 1081: 832: 560: 395:

motorised and light divisions, "but there the similarities ended." German motorised divisions contained three

6040: 5978: 5860: 5835: 5542: 5532: 5527: 5238: 4866: 4846: 4771: 4578: 4553: 4548: 4538: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4435: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4315: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4220: 1788: 907:

with a force of 500,000 men. The deception aimed to persuade the Germans not to move the 18 divisions of the

811: 154: 2000: 1534:(from 27 December 1941; re-designated on 6 June 1942 as the 55th Independent Squadron, left 29 October 1943) 5638: 5618: 5608: 5552: 5537: 4990: 4821: 1731: 1699: 1642: 1364: 1357: 1008: 999: 881: 483: 3040: 5683: 5643: 5175: 5144: 5139: 5129: 5005: 3555: 452: 392: 264: 5598: 3580: 934: 703: 683: 567: 490: 196:. This was part of a British Army doctrine change that was intended to increase battlefield mobility. 5778: 5658: 5010: 4985: 4619: 1913: 1647: 1213: 1087: 889: 738: 552: 340: 848: 5703: 5557: 5352: 5342: 5311: 4957: 4881: 4690: 4588: 3470: 1755: 779: 762:

replaced Majendie as GOC. In July, the division was relieved from coastal defence. It relocated to

612: 3330: 2452: 2241: 2215: 2043: 2028: 1836:"Badge, formation, 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division & 87th Army Group RA (Field) (TA)" 1458: 5362: 5357: 5321: 5316: 5301: 5124: 4995: 3763: 1600: 1538: 1319: 1256: 388: 272: 5582: 5465: 5170: 5119: 5114: 4970: 4906: 1768: 1522: 1175: 715: 711: 444: 436: 280: 173:, as the 55th (West Lancashire) Division, and demobilised following the fighting. In 1920, the 1421:

5th Field Regiment (from 1 August 1944, until 27 June 1945, when it became 5th Light Regiment)

1288:

2nd Battalion, Liverpool Scottish, (Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders) (until 13 September 1942)

5367: 5347: 5326: 5306: 4980: 3983:

British Planning And Preparations To Resist Invasion on Land, September 1939 – September 1940

3981: 3067: 1581: 1312: 1226: 908: 759: 723: 547:

On 4 September, the division established the second line duplicate of the 166th Brigade, the

467: 316: 62: 371:

during the interwar period resulted in three types of division by the end of the 1930s: the

5773: 5767: 5762: 5757: 4624: 2494: 1630: 1589: 1542: 1531: 1331: 727: 719: 597: 456: 324: 1843: 814:. In Northern Ireland, the soldiers aided farmers, helped train elements of the reforming 8: 4440: 4320: 4230: 1839: 1634: 1291:

165th Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company (from 14 September 1940, until 26 December 1941)

877: 771: 675: 493: 463: 268: 252: 216: 161:, although it did not see combat. The division had originally been raised in 1908 as the 146: 4425: 4305: 3908:

The Royal Corps of Signals: Unit Histories of the Corps (1920–2001) and its Antecedents

2886: 2785: 2593: 2457: 1682: 1495:

259th Field Company (from 1 August 1944, until 22 August 1944, rejoined 15 August 1945)

1440: 1377:

1st Battalion, Liverpool Scottish (Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders) (from 14 July 1944)

1278: 1104: 900: 819: 787: 742: 687: 671: 586: 384: 276: 263:. It was reformed as the 55th (West Lancashire) Division in late 1915, deployed to the 224: 220: 186: 117: 2898: 2725: 2581: 686:. As a result of the German victory in France and the return of the BEF following the 630:. Here the division furthered its training, while also having to be ready to act as a 528: 311:, although it had units throughout Lancashire. At various times units were located in 4445: 4325: 4081: 4062: 4040: 4023: 4004: 3987: 3968: 3949: 3930: 3911: 3892: 3873: 3851: 3832: 3813: 3792: 3773: 3767: 3749: 3732: 3713: 3687: 3668: 3646: 3627: 3610: 3586: 3567: 3537: 3518: 3512: 3497: 3478: 3455: 3436: 3417: 3395: 2951: 2949: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2559: 2557: 1730:. Opponents have pointed out that troops were transferred from Norway, albeit to the 985: 803: 578: 532: 368: 248: 166: 1222:

164th Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company (from 14 September 1940, until 8 July 1941)

778:

and was reassigned to Northern Command, and was spread out with troops based in the

5165: 4054: 1452: 1301:

9th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool) (from 12 April 1943, until 12 July 1944)

916: 880:

deception, the effort to make the Germans believe that the notional 250,000-strong

807: 767: 663: 623: 498: 474: 412: 380: 212: 204: 4095: 3706: 2946: 2922: 2910: 2821: 2809: 2554: 2506: 1239:

9th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment (from 13 August 1943, until 12 July 1944)

690:, the division was not deployed overseas per the original TA deployment timeline. 682:

on 7 May. Following the conclusion of that campaign, many of these men joined the

411:

to new roles, and transferred to other branches of the army. For example: the 6th

4420: 4300: 1809: 1467: 1392: 1146: 1123: 852: 799: 783: 755: 667: 594: 573:

The division's initial war-time duties included deploying guards to the docks at

563: 420: 416: 356: 348: 4159: 3684:

Raising Churchill's Army: The British Army and the War Against Germany 1919–1945

6065: 5998: 4430: 4310: 4235: 4225: 643: 627: 582: 90: 3066:. The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment: Lancashire Infantry Museum. Archived from 6087: 4027: 3991: 3865: 3736: 3614: 3590: 3551: 1233: 1043:

Royal Army Service Corps (46th Divisional Royal Army Service Corps attached)

904: 873: 666:. Other than coastal defence, the division was also responsible for guarding 631: 447:. In late 1937 and throughout 1938, German demands for the annexation of the 307:

The 55th (West Lancashire) Division was headquartered and primarily based in

3972: 851:. Of these 17,845 men, around 13,000 were available as replacements for the 737:

The division remained in Essex until November 1940, when it was assigned to

4191: 3409: 1742: 694: 615: 590: 512: 507: 470: 440: 158: 150: 101: 4003:. War, Armed Forces and Society. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 3746:

Colossal Cracks: Montgomery's 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe, 1944–45

3571: 3469:

Barbier, Mary Kathryn (2007b) . "Deception and the Planning of D-Day". In

1326:

199th Infantry Brigade (renamed 166th Infantry Brigade on 15 August 1944)

822:. The division continued to provide men to other formations through 1944. 1346:

1st Battalion, Manchester Regiment (from 28 May, until 15 September 1942)

1305: 746: 726:, against a nominal establishment of 48, and only 47 of the required 307 448: 260: 170: 3948:. A History of British Infantry. Vol. II. London: Pen & Sword. 3433:

Browned Off and Bloody-minded: The British Soldier Goes to War 1939–1945

1513:

Divisional Field Stores Section (from December 1942, until 20 July 1944)

3965:

The History of the Somerset Light Infantry (Prince Albert's), 1919–1945

3889:

The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988: Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges

3701: 2569: 574: 478: 332: 284: 255:

was broken up between 1914 and 1915, to provide reinforcements for the

178: 52: 2665: 2180: 1537:

161st Regiment, Reconnaissance Corps (from 23 December 1943; renamed

893: 775: 763: 404: 328: 320: 308: 127: 4001:

The Commonwealth Armies: Manpower and Organisation in Two World Wars

1677:

aircraft once airfields had been secured (Germany only actually had

1114:

2nd Battalion, Liverpool Scottish, (Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders)

4017: 2955: 2928: 2916: 2904: 2892: 2832: 2815: 2791: 2731: 2599: 2587: 2563: 2512: 2500: 1727: 1219:

2/4th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment (until 8 September 1942)

1070:

55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division (September 1939 – June 1940)

888:, would assault Norway. The division was assigned to the fictional 885: 639: 396: 391:'." French wrote that the motor division had a similar role to the 372: 352: 143: 113: 4022:. Vol. VI. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons. 3130: 2518: 903:

were a feint and the main Allied invasion would take place in the

3665:

And We Shall Shock Them: The British Army in the Second World War

1735: 1443:) Anti-Tank Regiment (from 21 October 1944, until 29 August 1945) 1343:

199th Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company (until 26 December 1941)

655: 634:

force for Julius Caesar in case of a German invasion between the

593:. The shots missed, and the aircraft were later determined to be 400: 312: 182: 3809:

The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War

2617: 1397:

87th (1st West Lancashire) Field Regiment(left 30 November 1941)

1274:

5th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool) (until 16 April 1943)

654:

the following month, and transferred to defend the coastline of

1738: 1681:), and at least one division of 15,000 troops to be used in an 1415:

192nd Field Regiment (from 23 February, until 20 December 1943)

750: 679: 635: 540: 185:

and gave up some artillery and other support units to become a

4080:. Military History of the United States. New York: Routledge. 3712:. History of the Second World War. Vol. I. London: HMSO. 3452:

D-day Deception: Operation Fortitude and the Normandy Invasion

3171: 3169: 1870: 1380:

1/4th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment (from 24 July 1944)

2677: 2192: 1758:. The army lacked equipment, transport and was under-trained. 1489:

613th Field Company (from 28 January 1943, until 7 July 1944)

1486:

55th Field Company (from 18 July 1940, until 22 January 1943)

1195:

55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division (June 1940 onwards)

791: 659: 3624:

Deceiving Hitler: Double-Cross and Deception in World War II

3394:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 3309: 3307: 3280: 3253: 3241: 3154: 2542: 2168: 1492:

61st Field Company (from 30 October 1943, until 7 July 1944)

1418:

170th Field Regiment (from 22 May 1943, until 15 March 1944)

3270: 3268: 3166: 1891: 1889: 1032:

Royal Engineers (46th Divisional Royal Engineers attached)

3967:. Taunton: Regimental Committee, Somerset Light Infantry. 3329:. National Library of Scotland. p. 52. Archived from 3319: 3292: 3106: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2713: 2338: 2336: 2240:. National Library of Scotland. p. 58. Archived from 2214:. National Library of Scotland. p. 58. Archived from 1404:

109th (Westmorland and Cumberland Yeomanry) Field Regiment

1383:

8th Battalion, Manchester Regiment (from 28 November 1944)

535:

of the 9th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool), of the

30:

For the 1908-1919 period of this formation's history, see

4037:

Kitchener's Army: The Raising of the New Armies 1914–1916

4020:

Historical Records of the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders

3342: 3340: 3304: 3094: 3082: 2961: 2838: 2629: 2433: 2421: 1933: 1340:

7th Battalion, Manchester Regiment (left 31 October 1942)

3607:

The King's Own: The Story of a Royal Regiment: 1914–1950

3265: 3217: 3205: 2978: 2976: 2934: 2761: 2689: 2653: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2158: 2156: 1981: 1886: 3229: 3193: 3181: 2988: 2737: 2605: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2333: 2321: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2280: 2268: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2104: 2092: 1453:

149th (Sherwood Foresters) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment

991:

166th (South Lancashire and Cheshire) Infantry Brigade

6094:

Infantry divisions of the British Army in World War II

3352: 3337: 2874: 2797: 2773: 2749: 2372: 2370: 2368: 1969: 1901: 1472:

557th Field Company (became 557th Assault Squadron in

1046:

Headquarters, 55th Divisional Royal Army Service Corps

3364: 3118: 2973: 2862: 2530: 2409: 2399: 2397: 2348: 2080: 1945: 1858: 1337:

6th Battalion, Manchester Regiment (left 27 May 1942)

477:. The agreement averted a war and allowed Germany to 347:

Infantry Brigades. On 19 July 1924, the division was

177:

started to reform. It was stationed in the county of

157:(TA) that was formed in 1920 and existed through the 6099:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1945

3477:. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 170–184. 3390:(2001) . Danchev, Alex & Todman, Daniel (eds.). 2701: 2465: 2382: 2304: 2133: 2116: 1637:

during the First World War). First-line territorial

1592:, a training facility that was used by the division. 1571: 4125: 3831:. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press. 3142: 3039:. Liverpool Scottish Museum Archive. Archived from 3005: 2850: 2641: 2365: 2292: 2256: 1957: 3705: 3017: 2394: 1425:141st (Queen's Own Dorset Yeomanry) Field Regiment 1166:559th Field Park Company (joined 27 December 1939) 4189: 4059:A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II 1501:205th (Wessex) Field Company (from 1 August 1944) 1229:(from 10 September 1942, until 25 September 1943) 818:, and trained with newly arrived troops from the 423:; the 7th King's Regiment (Liverpool) became the 243:was formed in 1908, following the passing of the 6085: 3643:The British Reconnaissance Corps in World War II 3582:The Story of the 55th (West Lancashire) Division 3566:, United Kingdom Military Series. London: HMSO. 3414:Demobbed: Coming Home After the Second World War 1504:599th Field Park Company (until 7 December 1941) 1163:511th Field Park Company (left 30 December 1939) 876:as part of the "Fortitude North" segment of the 3609:. Vol. III. Aldershot: Gale & Polden. 1606:List of commanders of the British 55th Division 1353:(from 16 September 1942, until 16 October 1944) 1051:164th Field Ambulance, Royal Army Medical Corps 1040:55th Divisional Signals, Royal Corps of Signals 948:55th (West Lancashire) Division (January 1937) 3870:Appeasement and Rearmament: Britain, 1936–1939 2212:"War Office, Monthly Army List, February 1939" 2001:"War Office, Monthly Army List, December 1920" 1559:(Machine Gun Battalion) (from 22 October 1944) 1507:108th Field Park Company (from 30 August 1944) 1367:(from 29 December 1942, until 15 October 1943) 967:5th Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment 964:4th Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment 722:of similar vintage. The division had only two 4377:Multi-National Division (South-West) (Bosnia) 4175: 4111: 3986:(PhD thesis). London: King's College London. 3829:Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945 3536:. Men-At-Arms. Vol. II. Oxford: Osprey. 3514:The Origins of the Second World War in Europe 3327:"War Office, Monthly Army List, January 1937" 2044:"War Office, Monthly Army List, January 1938" 2029:"War Office, Monthly Army List, January 1937" 1596:British Army Order of Battle (September 1939) 1551:(from 2 August 1944, until left 15 June 1945) 1466:55th (West Lancashire) Divisional Engineers, 1391:55th (West Lancashire) Divisional artillery, 1122:55th (West Lancashire) Divisional artillery, 1035:Headquarters, 55th Divisional Royal Engineers 5099:British deception formations in World War II 3929:. Uckfield: Naval & Military Press Ltd. 3585:. Liverpool: Liverpool Daily Post Printers. 1461:(from 1 August 1944, until 24 February 1945) 1360:(from 11 October 1942, until 1 January 1943) 1298:(from 13 September 1942, until 31 July 1944) 1246:(from 29 September 1943, until 25 July 1944) 1201:164th Infantry Brigade (until 17 June 1945) 892:, which was notionally preparing to assault 6104:Military units and formations in Lancashire 4646: 4382:Multi-National Division (South-East) (Iraq) 3924: 2238:"War Office, Monthly Army List, March 1939" 1923: 1459:150th (Loyals) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment 1236:(from 20 September 1942, until 18 May 1943) 1160:558th Field Company (from 27 December 1939) 1157:557th Field Company (from 27 December 1939) 1151:509th Field Company (until 10 January 1940) 1143:55th (West Lancashire) Divisional engineers 1004:6th Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment 981:10th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool) 570:(GOC), and had been in command since 1938. 291:. In 1921, the TF was reconstituted as the 6016: 5804: 5202: 4182: 4168: 4118: 4104: 3962: 3905: 3886: 3475:The Normandy Campaign 1944: Sixty Years On 3386: 2940: 2844: 2767: 2198: 2046:. National Library of Scotland. p. 58 2031:. National Library of Scotland. p. 52 1927: 1510:9th Bridging Platoon (from 30 August 1944) 1374:(from 16 October 1943, until 13 July 1944) 1100:5th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool) 1092:2/4th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment 978:7th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool) 975:5th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool) 954:164th (North Lancashire) Infantry Brigade 825: 798:. The primary role now was to counter any 642:. Other duties included the protection of 355:, during a visit to Liverpool. During the 227:. At the end of the war, the division was 51: 4061:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3943: 3496:. Malpas: Ray Westlake – Military Books. 3313: 2342: 2327: 2066:"War Office, Monthly Army List, May 1921" 2015:"War Office, Monthly Army List, May 1921" 1939: 1611:List of British divisions in World War II 1519:55th (West Lancashire) Divisional Signals 1498:283rd Field Company (from 25 August 1944) 1449:(from 4 February, until 30 November 1942) 1400:136th Field Regiment(left 22 August 1942) 1172:55th (West Lancashire) Divisional Signals 1128:87th (1st West Lancashire) Field Regiment 1057:55th Divisional Royal Army Ordnance Corps 794:in January 1943, and was assigned to the 754:proficiency in the use of small arms and 4283: 4053: 4018:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders (1952). 3531: 3468: 3449: 3286: 3274: 3259: 3235: 3211: 3187: 3175: 3160: 2461:(Supplement). 7 June 1938. p. 3639. 2451: 2445: 1864: 1455:(from 31 August, until 23 December 1943) 1430:124th Field Regiment (from 14 June 1945) 1427:(from 1 August 1944, until 11 June 1945) 1154:510th Field Company (until 1 March 1940) 961:5th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment 958:4th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment 527: 259:that was fighting in France during the 203:, the division created new units around 140:55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division 46:55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division 4078:World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia 4075: 4034: 3979: 3769:Fortitude: The D-Day Deception Campaign 3762: 3640: 3550: 3430: 3408: 3370: 3298: 3247: 3223: 3199: 3136: 2880: 2803: 2779: 2755: 2719: 2575: 2548: 2536: 1987: 1951: 1830: 1828: 1412:(from 25 July 1942, until 7 March 1943) 1372:Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment 245:Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 18:British 55th (West Lancashire) Division 14: 6086: 5954: 4039:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 3845: 3826: 3681: 3659: 3621: 3604: 3491: 3358: 3346: 3124: 3112: 3100: 3088: 2999: 2967: 2868: 2743: 2707: 2695: 2683: 2671: 2659: 2635: 2623: 2611: 2488: 2439: 2427: 2415: 2388: 2359: 2174: 2162: 2127: 2110: 2098: 2086: 1963: 1919: 1895: 1436:(from 1 July 1940, until 24 July 1944) 745:battalions took up winter quarters in 415:were retrained and transferred to the 27:British Army Second World War division 6015: 5953: 5803: 5201: 4645: 4402: 4282: 4202: 4163: 4099: 3998: 3786: 3700: 2856: 2647: 2524: 2376: 2315: 2186: 1975: 1876: 1306:Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) 425:40th (The King's) Royal Tank Regiment 345:166th (South Lancashire and Cheshire) 335:. The division was reformed with the 297:Territorial Army and Militia Act 1921 194:55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division 44:55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division 3906:Lord, Cliff; Watson, Graham (2003). 3872:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. 3864: 3805: 3743: 3731:. London: Hazell, Watson and Viney. 3726: 3578: 3510: 3435:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 3416:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 3148: 3023: 3011: 2982: 2956:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1952 2929:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1952 2917:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1952 2905:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1952 2893:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1952 2833:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1952 2816:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1952 2792:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1952 2732:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1952 2600:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1952 2588:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1952 2564:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1952 2513:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1952 2501:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1952 2403: 2298: 2286: 2274: 2262: 1907: 1880: 1825: 3925:McGilchrist, Archibald M. (2005) . 3686:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3061: 971:165th (Liverpool) Infantry Brigade 720:4.5 in (110 mm) howitzers 518: 504:59th (Staffordshire) Motor Division 209:59th (Staffordshire) Motor Division 201:German occupation of Czechoslovakia 65:, used during the Second World War. 24: 3748:. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books. 1557:5th Battalion, Manchester Regiment 1545:1 January 1944, left 24 July 1944) 1447:103rd Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment 1250:4th Battalion, Devonshire Regiment 940: 302: 295:(TA) following the passage of the 25: 6115: 3999:Perry, Frederick William (1988). 3963:Molesworth, George Noble (1951). 3772:. Woodstock: Overlook Hardcover. 3560:The Defence of the United Kingdom 3534:British Battle Insignia 1939–1940 3517:(2nd ed.). London: Pearson. 1549:1st Royal Gloucestershire Hussars 1351:Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) 1264:Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry 1182:Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) 858:Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) 702:was disbanded. This freed up the 362: 267:and fought during the Battles of 3887:Litchfield, Norman E.H. (1992). 3846:Levine, Timothy R., ed. (2014). 3454:. London and Westport: Praeger. 2578:, pp. 69, 73, 101, 121–122. 1802: 1761: 1748: 1705:9th (Highland) Infantry Division 1696:12th (Eastern) Infantry Division 1574: 1244:Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) 995:7th Battalion, Cheshire Regiment 758:. On 1 June 1941, Major-General 100: 83: 4126:55th (West Lancashire) Division 4076:Zabecki, David T., ed. (1999). 3791:. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. 3605:Cowper, Julia Margaret (1957). 3564:History of the Second World War 3450:Barbier, Mary Kathryn (2007a). 3064:"The Regiments in World War II" 3055: 3029: 2674:, pp. 62, 93, 97, 361–363. 2230: 2204: 2058: 1993: 1720: 1710: 1688: 1670: 1653: 1633:(comparable to the creation of 1623: 1283:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1109:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 812:British Troops Northern Ireland 674:, the division organised No. 4 609:Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces 557:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 523: 484:the remnants of the Czech state 443:and the United Kingdom and its 175:55th (West Lancashire) Division 42:55th (West Lancashire) Division 32:55th (West Lancashire) Division 3946:For Love of Regiment 1915–1994 3744:Hart, Stephen Ashley (2007) . 3388:Alanbrooke, Field Marshal Lord 2068:. War Office. 1921. p. 62 2017:. War Office. 1921. p. 62 2003:. War Office. 1920. p. 62 473:in September and brokered the 13: 1: 4262:6th (United Kingdom) Division 4257:3rd (United Kingdom) Division 4252:1st (United Kingdom) Division 3645:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 3379: 2527:, pp. 455, 507, 514–515. 1926:, pp. 251–252, 254–255; 1539:161st Reconnaissance Regiment 1296:Duke of Wellington's Regiment 664:operations on mainland Europe 430: 234: 165:, part of the British Army's 4403: 3980:Newbold, David John (1988). 3927:Liverpool Scottish 1900–1919 3667:. London: Cassell Military. 1819: 1791:, 50th (Northumbrian), 51st/ 1700:23rd (Northumbrian) Division 1616: 1479:558th Field Company (joined 1365:South Staffordshire Regiment 1358:Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers 1009:North Staffordshire Regiment 1000:South Staffordshire Regiment 459:. To avoid war, the British 105:Territorial Army (1920–1945) 7: 4149:List of commanding officers 3944:Messenger, Charles (1994). 3139:, pp. 64–65, 140, 220. 1779:Armoured Divisions and the 1567: 1207:King's Regiment (Liverpool) 1082:King's Regiment (Liverpool) 605:British Expeditionary Force 367:The development of British 257:British Expeditionary Force 10: 6120: 5649:66th (2nd East Lancashire) 5604:57th (2nd West Lancashire) 4203: 2626:, pp. 37, 41, 61, 90. 1530:55th Independent Company, 1527:Divisional reconnaissance 1054:Royal Army Ordnance Corps 935:Army Group Royal Artillery 568:general officer commanding 491:Secretary of State for War 223:effort that supported the 29: 6026: 6011: 5964: 5949: 5905: 5889: 5818: 5814: 5799: 5750: 5724: 5717: 5676: 5591: 5510: 5503: 5458: 5417: 5376: 5335: 5294: 5287: 5216: 5212: 5197: 5153: 5107: 5090: 5019: 4955: 4749: 4681: 4660: 4656: 4641: 4620:1st Commonwealth Division 4607: 4531: 4475: 4454: 4413: 4409: 4398: 4339: 4331:Scottish, Welsh and Irish 4293: 4289: 4278: 4244: 4213: 4209: 4198: 4131: 3910:. West Midlands: Helion. 3891:. Derby: Sherwood Press. 3848:Encyclopedia of Deception 3641:Doherty, Richard (2007). 1756:Luftwaffe Field Divisions 1745:than that from Scotland". 1648:Military Service Act 1916 1214:South Lancashire Regiment 1209:(until 17 September 1942) 1199: 1088:South Lancashire Regiment 1074: 952: 913:55th US Infantry Division 553:South Lancashire Regiment 225:Allied invasion of France 123: 109: 96: 78: 70: 50: 41: 5654:67th (2nd Home Counties) 5624:61st (2nd South Midland) 5614:59th (2nd North Midland) 4035:Simkins, Peter (2007) . 3729:Hazell's Annual for 1910 2503:, pp. 178–179, 188. 1194: 1069: 947: 930:British army demobilised 780:East Riding of Yorkshire 337:164th (North Lancashire) 241:West Lancashire Division 163:West Lancashire Division 5664:69th (2nd East Anglian) 5634:63rd (2nd Northumbrian) 4976:Durham and North Riding 3850:. Thousand Oaks: Sage. 3827:Joslen, H. F. (2003) . 3806:Holt, Thaddeus (2004). 3787:Hogan, Anthony (2015). 3682:French, David (2001) . 3532:Chappell, Mike (1987). 3511:Bell, P. M. H. (1997). 3492:Becke, A. F. (1989a) . 2686:, pp. 56, 282–286. 2189:, Chapter 2: Regiments. 1659:The other two were the 1601:Everton Road drill hall 1434:66th Anti-Tank Regiment 1320:West Yorkshire Regiment 1270:165th Infantry Brigade 1257:Somerset Light Infantry 1137:(left 17 November 1939) 1135:66th Anti-Tank Regiment 1096:165th Infantry Brigade 1076:164th Infantry Brigade 866:305th Infantry Brigades 845:61st Infantry Divisions 826:Wind down and deception 810:, under the command of 279:, and took part in the 169:(TF). It fought in the 5629:62nd (2nd West Riding) 5578:55th (West Lancashire) 5518:42nd (East Lancashire) 4902:55th (West Lancashire) 4837:42nd (East Lancashire) 3812:. New York: Scribner. 3727:Hall, Hammond (1910). 3622:Crowdy, Terry (2008). 3431:Allport, Alan (2015). 3037:"The Second World War" 2177:, pp. 37, 81, 90. 1928:Lord & Watson 2003 1769:16th Airborne Division 1523:Royal Corps of Signals 1285:) (until 13 July 1944) 1184:(motorcycle battalion) 1176:Royal Corps of Signals 922:1st SS Panzer Division 718:field guns, and eight 704:199th Infantry Brigade 700:66th Infantry Division 544: 515:began on 1 September. 281:Hundred Days Offensive 5181:British Army in India 3392:War Diaries 1939–1945 2551:, pp. 43, 48–49. 1582:United Kingdom portal 1474:42nd Assault Regiment 1322:(from 28 August 1944) 1313:Royal Irish Fusiliers 1227:Durham Light Infantry 760:William Duthie Morgan 728:Boys anti-tank rifles 678:, which departed for 543:village, 3 July 1941. 531: 489:On 29 March, British 63:Red Rose of Lancaster 5543:48th (South Midland) 5533:46th (North Midland) 5528:44th (Home Counties) 4912:59th (Staffordshire) 4867:48th (South Midland) 4847:44th (Home Counties) 4625:17th Gurkha Division 4579:44th (Home Counties) 4414:Administrative units 4294:Administrative units 4284:Post-Cold War period 4221:Guards and Parachute 4214:Administrative units 4055:Weinberg, Gerhard L. 3579:Coop, J. O. (1919). 3250:, pp. 247, 326. 3163:, pp. 122, 125. 3115:, pp. 323, 232. 2895:, pp. 181, 193. 2794:, pp. 180, 192. 2602:, pp. 179, 190. 1922:, pp. 138–139; 1789:44th (Home Counties) 1631:British Armed Forces 1590:Altcar Training Camp 1543:Royal Armoured Corps 1532:Reconnaissance Corps 1410:174th Field Regiment 1332:Lancashire Fusiliers 1266:(from 1 August 1944) 1259:(from 1 August 1944) 1252:(from 1 August 1944) 1216:(until 23 July 1944) 1131:136th Field Regiment 598:Handley Page Hampden 457:international crisis 5639:64th (2nd Highland) 5619:60th (2/2nd London) 5609:58th (2/1st London) 5583:56th (1/1st London) 5573:54th (East Anglian) 5553:50th (Northumbrian) 5538:47th (1/2nd London) 4897:54th (East Anglian) 4877:50th (Northumbrian) 4822:23rd (Northumbrian) 4584:50th (Northumbrian) 3289:, pp. 180–181. 3262:, pp. 681–682. 3178:, pp. 184–185. 3103:, pp. 400–401. 3091:, pp. 91, 363. 3043:on 25 December 2018 2970:, pp. 130–131. 2907:, pp. 181–185. 2734:, pp. 179–180. 2722:, pp. 147–148. 2638:, pp. 189–191. 2590:, pp. 190–191. 2442:, pp. 352–353. 2430:, pp. 354–356. 2289:, pp. 277–278. 2277:, pp. 258–275. 2244:on 25 December 2018 2218:on 25 December 2018 2201:, pp. 124–125. 1910:, pp. 167–168. 1898:, pp. 138–139. 1846:on 25 December 2018 1840:Imperial War Museum 1799:Infantry Divisions. 1665:50th (Northumbrian) 1334:(left 23 July 1944) 1315:(from 26 July 1944) 1308:(from 26 July 1944) 984:4th/5th Battalion, 878:Operation Fortitude 849:deception formation 796:South West District 676:Independent Company 566:was the division's 539:, moving through a 494:Leslie Hore-Belisha 464:Neville Chamberlain 399:(akin to a British 383:division); and the 217:Operation Fortitude 59:divisional insignia 5684:63rd (Royal Naval) 5644:65th (2nd Lowland) 5548:49th (West Riding) 5145:82nd (West Africa) 5140:81st (West Africa) 5130:11th (East Africa) 4966:Devon and Cornwall 4958:"County Divisions" 4872:49th (West Riding) 4647:Second World War ( 4615:Artillery Division 4518:49th (West Riding) 4132:Divisional history 3626:. Oxford: Osprey. 3333:on 31 August 2019. 3301:, pp. 26, 43. 2698:, pp. 62, 81. 2662:, pp. 90, 97. 2458:The London Gazette 1773:49th (West Riding) 1683:amphibious assault 1643:British Government 1481:IX Corps Troops RE 1441:Liverpool Scottish 1406:(from 1 July 1940) 1387:Divisional Troops 1279:Liverpool Scottish 1118:Divisional Troops 1105:Liverpool Scottish 1027:89th Field Brigade 1024:88th Field Brigade 1021:87th Field Brigade 1014:Divisional Troops 820:United States Army 788:Catterick Garrison 743:Liverpool Scottish 688:Dunkirk evacuation 672:Norwegian campaign 545: 533:Universal Carriers 437:tensions increased 435:During the 1930s, 379:(later called the 231:and not reformed. 118:Motorised infantry 6078: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6017:Napoleonic Wars ( 6007: 6006: 5945: 5944: 5941: 5940: 5805:Second Boer War ( 5795: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5672: 5671: 5599:45th (2nd Wessex) 5504:Territorial Force 5499: 5498: 5203:First World War ( 5193: 5192: 5189: 5188: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4569:42nd (Lancashire) 4436:Prince of Wales's 4394: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4347:1st (UK) Armoured 4316:Prince of Wales's 4274: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4190:Divisions of the 4157: 4156: 4087:978-0-824-07029-8 4068:978-0-521-44317-3 4046:978-1-84415-585-9 4010:978-0-71902-595-2 3955:978-0-85052-422-2 3936:978-1-845-74093-1 3917:978-1-874622-07-9 3898:978-0-950-82052-1 3879:978-0-7425-4537-3 3857:978-1-452-25877-5 3838:978-1-84342-474-1 3819:978-0-743-25042-9 3798:978-1-445-63774-7 3789:Merseyside at War 3779:978-1-58567-075-8 3755:978-0-8117-3383-0 3719:978-0-11-630181-9 3693:978-0-19-924630-4 3674:978-0-304-35233-3 3652:978-1-84603-122-9 3633:978-1-846-03135-9 3543:978-0-85045-739-1 3524:978-0-582-30470-3 3484:978-0-415-44942-7 3461:978-0-275-99479-2 3442:978-0-300-17075-7 3423:978-0-300-14043-9 3401:978-0-520-23301-0 3070:on 15 August 2018 3002:, pp. 90–91. 2985:, pp. 48–51. 2746:, pp. 83–85. 2614:, pp. 72–77. 2113:, pp. 37–41. 2101:, pp. 53–54. 1990:, pp. 43–46. 1978:, pp. 41–42. 1942:, pp. 41–42. 1781:42nd (Lancashire) 1679:6,000 such troops 1565: 1564: 1330:2/8th Battalion, 1212:1/4th Battalion, 1190: 1189: 1086:1/4th Battalion, 1065: 1064: 986:Cheshire Regiment 901:Normandy landings 768:reserve formation 579:Port of Liverpool 369:military doctrine 341:165th (Liverpool) 249:Territorial Force 247:that created the 167:Territorial Force 133: 132: 16:(Redirected from 6111: 6013: 6012: 5951: 5950: 5816: 5815: 5801: 5800: 5722: 5721: 5659:68th (2nd Welsh) 5508: 5507: 5292: 5291: 5214: 5213: 5199: 5198: 5166:Beauman Division 4658: 4657: 4643: 4642: 4411: 4410: 4400: 4399: 4291: 4290: 4280: 4279: 4211: 4210: 4200: 4199: 4184: 4177: 4170: 4161: 4160: 4120: 4113: 4106: 4097: 4096: 4091: 4072: 4050: 4031: 4014: 3995: 3976: 3959: 3940: 3921: 3902: 3883: 3861: 3842: 3823: 3802: 3783: 3759: 3740: 3723: 3711: 3697: 3678: 3656: 3637: 3618: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3575: 3556:Butler, J. R. M. 3547: 3528: 3507: 3488: 3465: 3446: 3427: 3405: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3335: 3334: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2986: 2980: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2729: 2723: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2552: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2522: 2516: 2510: 2504: 2498: 2492: 2486: 2463: 2462: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2401: 2392: 2386: 2380: 2374: 2363: 2357: 2346: 2340: 2331: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2234: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2131: 2125: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2012: 2010: 2008: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1973: 1967: 1961: 1955: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1931: 1924:McGilchrist 2005 1917: 1911: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1884: 1879:, pp. 4–6; 1874: 1868: 1862: 1856: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1842:. Archived from 1832: 1813: 1806: 1800: 1795:(Scottish), and 1765: 1759: 1752: 1746: 1724: 1718: 1714: 1708: 1692: 1686: 1674: 1668: 1657: 1651: 1635:Kitchener's Army 1627: 1584: 1579: 1578: 1577: 1483:7 December 1941) 1363:11th Battalion, 1294:10th Battalion, 1232:10th Battalion, 1225:17th Battalion, 1192: 1191: 1067: 1066: 945: 944: 917:Gerhard Weinberg 808:Northern Ireland 772:Frederick Morgan 624:Charnwood Forest 620:Northern Command 519:Second World War 513:Second World War 475:Munich Agreement 466:met with German 413:Liverpool Rifles 293:Territorial Army 213:Battle of France 159:Second World War 155:Territorial Army 104: 89: 87: 86: 55: 39: 38: 21: 6119: 6118: 6114: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6070: 6022: 6003: 5960: 5937: 5901: 5885: 5810: 5783: 5746: 5713: 5704:74th (Yeomanry) 5668: 5587: 5558:51st (Highland) 5495: 5454: 5413: 5372: 5353:17th (Northern) 5343:15th (Scottish) 5331: 5312:11th (Northern) 5283: 5208: 5185: 5149: 5103: 5086: 5015: 4951: 4882:51st (Highland) 4812:15th (Scottish) 4745: 4677: 4652: 4629: 4603: 4527: 4471: 4450: 4405: 4386: 4335: 4285: 4266: 4240: 4205: 4194: 4188: 4158: 4153: 4127: 4124: 4094: 4088: 4069: 4047: 4011: 3956: 3937: 3918: 3899: 3880: 3858: 3839: 3820: 3799: 3780: 3756: 3720: 3694: 3675: 3653: 3634: 3595: 3593: 3544: 3525: 3504: 3485: 3462: 3443: 3424: 3402: 3382: 3377: 3369: 3365: 3357: 3353: 3345: 3338: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3312: 3305: 3297: 3293: 3285: 3281: 3273: 3266: 3258: 3254: 3246: 3242: 3234: 3230: 3226:, p. 1485. 3222: 3218: 3210: 3206: 3198: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3174: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3147: 3143: 3135: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3111: 3107: 3099: 3095: 3087: 3083: 3073: 3071: 3062:Downham, John. 3060: 3056: 3046: 3044: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3022: 3018: 3010: 3006: 2998: 2989: 2981: 2974: 2966: 2962: 2954: 2947: 2941:Molesworth 1951 2939: 2935: 2927: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2879: 2875: 2867: 2863: 2855: 2851: 2845:Alanbrooke 2001 2843: 2839: 2831: 2822: 2814: 2810: 2802: 2798: 2790: 2786: 2778: 2774: 2768:Alanbrooke 2001 2766: 2762: 2754: 2750: 2742: 2738: 2730: 2726: 2718: 2714: 2706: 2702: 2694: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2670: 2666: 2658: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2634: 2630: 2622: 2618: 2610: 2606: 2598: 2594: 2586: 2582: 2574: 2570: 2562: 2555: 2547: 2543: 2535: 2531: 2523: 2519: 2511: 2507: 2499: 2495: 2487: 2466: 2450: 2446: 2438: 2434: 2426: 2422: 2414: 2410: 2402: 2395: 2387: 2383: 2375: 2366: 2358: 2349: 2341: 2334: 2326: 2322: 2314: 2305: 2297: 2293: 2285: 2281: 2273: 2269: 2265:, pp. 3–4. 2261: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2236: 2235: 2231: 2221: 2219: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2199:Litchfield 1992 2197: 2193: 2185: 2181: 2173: 2169: 2161: 2134: 2126: 2117: 2109: 2105: 2097: 2093: 2085: 2081: 2071: 2069: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2049: 2047: 2042: 2034: 2032: 2027: 2020: 2018: 2013: 2006: 2004: 1999: 1998: 1994: 1986: 1982: 1974: 1970: 1962: 1958: 1950: 1946: 1938: 1934: 1918: 1914: 1906: 1902: 1894: 1887: 1875: 1871: 1863: 1859: 1849: 1847: 1834: 1833: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1816: 1807: 1803: 1766: 1762: 1753: 1749: 1725: 1721: 1715: 1711: 1693: 1689: 1675: 1671: 1658: 1654: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1476:4 October 1943) 1468:Royal Engineers 1393:Royal Artillery 1370:9th Battalion, 1356:5th Battalion, 1349:2nd Battalion, 1318:5th Battalion, 1311:2nd Battalion, 1304:4th Battalion, 1277:1st Battalion, 1262:1st Battalion, 1255:5th Battalion, 1242:9th Battalion, 1205:9th Battalion, 1180:5th Battalion, 1147:Royal Engineers 1124:Royal Artillery 1103:1st Battalion, 1080:9th Battalion, 1007:6th Battalion, 998:5th Battalion, 943: 941:Order of battle 853:21st Army Group 828: 784:North Yorkshire 708:Edmund Ironside 668:Ipswich Airport 652:Eastern Command 595:Royal Air Force 564:Vivian Majendie 526: 521: 433: 421:Royal Artillery 417:Royal Engineers 377:mobile division 365: 357:interwar period 305: 303:Interwar period 289:Western Command 261:First World War 237: 171:First World War 136: 116: 84: 82: 66: 45: 43: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6117: 6107: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6076: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6009: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5947: 5946: 5943: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5899: 5893: 5891: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5822: 5820: 5812: 5811: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5765: 5760: 5754: 5752: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5728: 5726: 5719: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5595: 5593: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5563:52nd (Lowland) 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5514: 5512: 5505: 5501: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5462: 5460: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5380: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5370: 5365: 5363:19th (Western) 5360: 5358:18th (Eastern) 5355: 5350: 5345: 5339: 5337: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5329: 5324: 5322:13th (Western) 5319: 5317:12th (Eastern) 5314: 5309: 5304: 5302:9th (Scottish) 5298: 5296: 5289: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5220: 5218: 5210: 5209: 5195: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5157: 5155: 5151: 5150: 5148: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5125:11th (African) 5122: 5117: 5111: 5109: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5101: 5094: 5092: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5013: 5008: 5003: 5001:Northumberland 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4962: 4960: 4956:Anti-Invasion 4953: 4952: 4950: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4887:52nd (Lowland) 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4807:12th (Eastern) 4804: 4802:9th (Highland) 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4753: 4751: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4687: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4664: 4662: 4654: 4653: 4639: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4611: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4601: 4596: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4458: 4456: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4417: 4415: 4407: 4406: 4396: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4297: 4295: 4287: 4286: 4276: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4217: 4215: 4207: 4206: 4196: 4195: 4187: 4186: 4179: 4172: 4164: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4122: 4115: 4108: 4100: 4093: 4092: 4086: 4073: 4067: 4051: 4045: 4032: 4015: 4009: 3996: 3977: 3960: 3954: 3941: 3935: 3922: 3916: 3903: 3897: 3884: 3878: 3866:Levy, James P. 3862: 3856: 3843: 3837: 3824: 3818: 3803: 3797: 3784: 3778: 3764:Hesketh, Roger 3760: 3754: 3741: 3724: 3718: 3708:Grand Strategy 3698: 3692: 3679: 3673: 3657: 3651: 3638: 3632: 3619: 3602: 3576: 3552:Collier, Basil 3548: 3542: 3529: 3523: 3508: 3502: 3489: 3483: 3466: 3460: 3447: 3441: 3428: 3422: 3406: 3400: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3375: 3363: 3361:, p. 363. 3351: 3349:, p. 353. 3336: 3318: 3316:, p. 157. 3314:Messenger 1994 3303: 3291: 3279: 3277:, p. 180. 3264: 3252: 3240: 3228: 3216: 3214:, p. 172. 3204: 3202:, p. 152. 3192: 3190:, p. 132. 3180: 3165: 3153: 3151:, p. 556. 3141: 3129: 3127:, p. 732. 3117: 3105: 3093: 3081: 3054: 3028: 3016: 3014:, p. 922. 3004: 2987: 2972: 2960: 2958:, p. 186. 2945: 2933: 2931:, p. 185. 2921: 2919:, p. 183. 2909: 2897: 2885: 2883:, p. 293. 2873: 2871:, p. 188. 2861: 2849: 2847:, p. 190. 2837: 2835:, p. 181. 2820: 2818:, p. 180. 2808: 2806:, p. 229. 2796: 2784: 2782:, p. 388. 2772: 2760: 2758:, p. 125. 2748: 2736: 2724: 2712: 2700: 2688: 2676: 2664: 2652: 2640: 2628: 2616: 2604: 2592: 2580: 2568: 2566:, p. 179. 2553: 2541: 2529: 2517: 2515:, p. 189. 2505: 2493: 2464: 2444: 2432: 2420: 2418:, p. 356. 2408: 2393: 2381: 2364: 2362:, p. 352. 2347: 2343:Messenger 1994 2332: 2328:Messenger 1994 2320: 2318:, p. 518. 2303: 2301:, p. 281. 2291: 2279: 2267: 2255: 2229: 2203: 2191: 2179: 2167: 2132: 2115: 2103: 2091: 2089:, p. 261. 2079: 2057: 1992: 1980: 1968: 1956: 1954:, p. 323. 1944: 1940:Messenger 1994 1932: 1912: 1900: 1885: 1883:, p. 210. 1869: 1857: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1801: 1760: 1747: 1719: 1709: 1687: 1669: 1652: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1586: 1585: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1546: 1535: 1525: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1477: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1456: 1450: 1444: 1437: 1431: 1428: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1407: 1401: 1398: 1385: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1368: 1361: 1354: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1324: 1323: 1316: 1309: 1302: 1299: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1275: 1268: 1267: 1260: 1253: 1247: 1240: 1237: 1230: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1210: 1197: 1196: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1185: 1178: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1140: 1139: 1138: 1132: 1129: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1101: 1094: 1093: 1090: 1084: 1072: 1071: 1063: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1012: 1011: 1005: 1002: 996: 989: 988: 982: 979: 976: 969: 968: 965: 962: 959: 950: 949: 942: 939: 827: 824: 724:anti-tank guns 644:RAF Finningley 632:counter-attack 628:Leicestershire 583:naval defences 525: 522: 520: 517: 461:Prime Minister 453:Czechoslovakia 432: 429: 385:motor division 375:division; the 364: 363:Motor division 361: 304: 301: 236: 233: 199:Following the 134: 131: 130: 125: 121: 120: 111: 107: 106: 98: 94: 93: 91:United Kingdom 80: 76: 75: 72: 68: 67: 56: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6116: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6082: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6025: 6020: 6014: 6010: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5966: 5963: 5958: 5955:Crimean War ( 5952: 5948: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5888: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5802: 5798: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5723: 5720: 5716: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5523:43rd (Wessex) 5521: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5509: 5506: 5502: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5466:36th (Ulster) 5464: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5416: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5206: 5200: 5196: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5171:Royal Marines 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5152: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5120:2nd (African) 5118: 5116: 5115:1st (African) 5113: 5112: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5089: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5020:Anti-Aircraft 5018: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4954: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4907:56th (London) 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4862:47th (London) 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4842:43rd (Wessex) 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4680: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4650: 4644: 4640: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4574:43rd (Wessex) 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4524: 4523:56th (London) 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4468: 4467:16th Airborne 4465: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4401: 4397: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4281: 4277: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4185: 4180: 4178: 4173: 4171: 4166: 4165: 4162: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4121: 4116: 4114: 4109: 4107: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4089: 4083: 4079: 4074: 4070: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4038: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4016: 4012: 4006: 4002: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3984: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3913: 3909: 3904: 3900: 3894: 3890: 3885: 3881: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3840: 3834: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3815: 3811: 3810: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3781: 3775: 3771: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3747: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3715: 3710: 3709: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3689: 3685: 3680: 3676: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3661:Fraser, David 3658: 3654: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3539: 3535: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3509: 3505: 3503:1-871167-12-4 3499: 3495: 3490: 3486: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3471:Buckley, John 3467: 3463: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3425: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3410:Allport, Alan 3407: 3403: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3384: 3372: 3367: 3360: 3355: 3348: 3343: 3341: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3315: 3310: 3308: 3300: 3295: 3288: 3287:Barbier 2007b 3283: 3276: 3275:Barbier 2007b 3271: 3269: 3261: 3260:Weinberg 1994 3256: 3249: 3244: 3238:, p. 48. 3237: 3236:Barbier 2007a 3232: 3225: 3220: 3213: 3212:Barbier 2007a 3208: 3201: 3196: 3189: 3188:Barbier 2007a 3184: 3177: 3176:Barbier 2007a 3172: 3170: 3162: 3161:Barbier 2007a 3157: 3150: 3145: 3138: 3133: 3126: 3121: 3114: 3109: 3102: 3097: 3090: 3085: 3069: 3065: 3058: 3042: 3038: 3032: 3026:, p. 52. 3025: 3020: 3013: 3008: 3001: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2984: 2979: 2977: 2969: 2964: 2957: 2952: 2950: 2943:, p. 92. 2942: 2937: 2930: 2925: 2918: 2913: 2906: 2901: 2894: 2889: 2882: 2877: 2870: 2865: 2859:, p. 65. 2858: 2853: 2846: 2841: 2834: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2817: 2812: 2805: 2800: 2793: 2788: 2781: 2776: 2770:, p. 97. 2769: 2764: 2757: 2752: 2745: 2740: 2733: 2728: 2721: 2716: 2710:, p. 55. 2709: 2704: 2697: 2692: 2685: 2680: 2673: 2668: 2661: 2656: 2650:, p. 54. 2649: 2644: 2637: 2632: 2625: 2620: 2613: 2608: 2601: 2596: 2589: 2584: 2577: 2572: 2565: 2560: 2558: 2550: 2545: 2539:, p. 40. 2538: 2533: 2526: 2521: 2514: 2509: 2502: 2497: 2491:, p. 91. 2490: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2460: 2459: 2454: 2448: 2441: 2436: 2429: 2424: 2417: 2412: 2406:, p. 66. 2405: 2400: 2398: 2391:, p. 64. 2390: 2385: 2379:, p. 48. 2378: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2361: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2345:, p. 49. 2344: 2339: 2337: 2330:, p. 47. 2329: 2324: 2317: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2300: 2295: 2288: 2283: 2276: 2271: 2264: 2259: 2243: 2239: 2233: 2217: 2213: 2207: 2200: 2195: 2188: 2183: 2176: 2171: 2165:, p. 90. 2164: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2130:, p. 41. 2129: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2112: 2107: 2100: 2095: 2088: 2083: 2067: 2061: 2045: 2030: 2016: 2002: 1996: 1989: 1984: 1977: 1972: 1966:, p. 53. 1965: 1960: 1953: 1948: 1941: 1936: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1909: 1904: 1897: 1892: 1890: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1867:, p. 36. 1866: 1865:Chappell 1987 1861: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1831: 1829: 1824: 1811: 1805: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1785:43rd (Wessex) 1782: 1778: 1777:56th (London) 1774: 1770: 1764: 1757: 1751: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1733: 1732:Eastern Front 1729: 1723: 1713: 1706: 1701: 1697: 1691: 1684: 1680: 1673: 1666: 1662: 1656: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1626: 1622: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1583: 1572: 1558: 1555: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1359: 1355: 1352: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1321: 1317: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1234:Green Howards 1231: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1208: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1183: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1170: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1113: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1056: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1045: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1034: 1033: 1031: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1006: 1003: 1001: 997: 994: 993: 992: 987: 983: 980: 977: 974: 973: 972: 966: 963: 960: 957: 956: 955: 951: 946: 938: 936: 931: 926: 923: 918: 914: 910: 906: 905:Pas-de-Calais 902: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 874:double agents 870: 867: 863: 859: 854: 850: 846: 842: 841:47th (London) 838: 834: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 752: 748: 744: 740: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 696: 691: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 647: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 622:and moved to 621: 617: 614: 610: 606: 601: 599: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 571: 569: 565: 562: 561:Major-General 558: 554: 550: 542: 538: 537:164th Brigade 534: 530: 516: 514: 509: 505: 500: 495: 492: 487: 485: 480: 476: 472: 469: 465: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 428: 426: 422: 418: 414: 408: 406: 402: 398: 394: 393:German Army's 390: 389:break-through 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 360: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 300: 298: 294: 290: 287:, as part of 286: 282: 278: 274: 273:Passchendaele 270: 266: 265:Western Front 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 232: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 197: 195: 191: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 145: 141: 135:Military unit 129: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: 108: 103: 99: 95: 92: 81: 77: 73: 69: 64: 60: 54: 49: 40: 37: 33: 19: 6080: 5568:53rd (Welsh) 5476:38th (Welsh) 5459:5th New Army 5418:4th New Army 5377:3rd New Army 5368:20th (Light) 5348:16th (Irish) 5336:2nd New Army 5327:14th (Light) 5307:10th (Irish) 5295:1st New Army 5217:Regular Army 4991:Lincolnshire 4901: 4892:53rd (Welsh) 4832:38th (Welsh) 4673:6th Airborne 4668:1st Airborne 4599:53rd (Welsh) 4462:6th Airborne 4340:Combat units 4245:Combat units 4192:British Army 4143: 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H. 3683: 3664: 3642: 3623: 3606: 3594:. Retrieved 3581: 3559: 3533: 3513: 3493: 3474: 3451: 3432: 3413: 3391: 3373:, p. 4. 3371:Doherty 2007 3366: 3354: 3331:the original 3321: 3299:Allport 2009 3294: 3282: 3255: 3248:Hesketh 2000 3243: 3231: 3224:Zabecki 1999 3219: 3207: 3200:Hesketh 2000 3195: 3183: 3156: 3144: 3137:Hesketh 2000 3132: 3120: 3108: 3096: 3084: 3072:. Retrieved 3068:the original 3057: 3045:. Retrieved 3041:the original 3031: 3019: 3007: 2963: 2936: 2924: 2912: 2900: 2888: 2881:Collier 1957 2876: 2864: 2852: 2840: 2811: 2804:Collier 1957 2799: 2787: 2780:Newbold 1988 2775: 2763: 2756:Collier 1957 2751: 2739: 2727: 2720:Newbold 1988 2715: 2703: 2691: 2679: 2667: 2655: 2643: 2631: 2619: 2607: 2595: 2583: 2576:Newbold 1988 2571: 2549:Newbold 1988 2544: 2537:Newbold 1988 2532: 2520: 2508: 2496: 2456: 2447: 2435: 2423: 2411: 2384: 2323: 2294: 2282: 2270: 2258: 2246:. Retrieved 2242:the original 2232: 2220:. 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General 716:18-pounder 712:25-pounder 581:, and the 575:Birkenhead 468:Chancellor 455:led to an 431:Rearmament 343:, and the 333:Warrington 285:Lancashire 251:(TF). The 235:Background 179:Lancashire 5091:Deception 5011:Yorkshire 4986:Hampshire 4144:1920–1945 4139:1908–1919 4028:222265108 3992:556820697 3737:163066551 3663:(1999) . 3615:316399592 3591:459410412 3149:Holt 2004 3024:Hart 2007 3012:Holt 2004 2983:Hart 2007 2404:Levy 2006 2299:Bell 1997 2287:Bell 1997 2275:Bell 1997 2263:Bell 1997 2072:27 August 2021:27 August 1908:Coop 1919 1881:Hall 1910 1820:Citations 1810:squadrons 1617:Footnotes 909:15th Army 894:Stavanger 804:air raids 776:Yorkshire 764:Aldershot 684:Commandos 658:and then 600:bombers. 405:battalion 397:regiments 329:Southport 321:Lichfield 317:Lancaster 309:Liverpool 269:the Somme 221:deception 190:formation 187:motorised 128:Liverpool 74:1920–1945 5994:Highland 5881:Colonial 5819:Infantry 5779:Yeomanry 5592:2nd Line 5511:1st Line 5288:New Army 4750:Infantry 4683:Armoured 4661:Airborne 4532:Infantry 4476:Armoured 4455:Airborne 4446:Scottish 4404:Cold War 4326:Scottish 4057:(1994). 3973:13508675 3868:(2006). 3766:(2000). 3704:(1976). 3554:(1957). 3412:(2009). 1728:Normandy 1568:See also 890:II Corps 886:Scotland 864:and the 739:IV Corps 640:The Wash 439:between 381:armoured 373:infantry 353:George V 349:reviewed 325:Seaforth 277:Estaires 253:division 183:brigades 147:division 144:infantry 114:Infantry 5989:Cavalry 5906:Mounted 5897:Cavalry 5890:Cavalry 5751:Mounted 5725:Cavalry 5718:Cavalry 5108:African 4996:Norfolk 4441:Queen's 4321:Queen's 4231:Queen's 3558:(ed.). 3473:(ed.). 1736:Finnish 756:mortars 656:Suffolk 613:General 441:Germany 401:brigade 313:Chester 149:of the 142:was an 79:Country 5224:Guards 4971:Dorset 4757:Guards 4691:Guards 4426:King's 4421:Guards 4306:King's 4301:Guards 4204:Active 4084: 4065: 4043: 4026: 4007: 3990: 3971: 3952: 3933: 3914: 3895: 3876: 3854: 3835: 3816: 3795: 3776: 3752: 3735: 3716: 3690: 3671: 3649: 3630: 3613: 3589: 3572:375046 3570: 3540: 3521: 3500: 3481: 3458: 3439: 3420: 3398: 1771:, the 1739:nickel 1439:89th ( 839:, the 835:, the 751:Sussex 680:Norway 636:Humber 587:Crosby 577:, the 541:Sussex 499:cadres 479:annexe 445:allies 339:, the 331:, and 275:, and 205:cadres 192:, the 97:Branch 88: 71:Active 61:, the 6066:Light 5999:Light 5768:2/2nd 5677:Other 5154:Other 4981:Essex 4608:Other 4431:Light 4311:Light 4236:Light 4226:Union 1717:role. 862:304th 800:raids 792:Devon 660:Essex 549:177th 6019:list 5957:list 5876:11th 5871:10th 5807:list 5709:75th 5699:73rd 5694:72nd 5689:71st 5491:41st 5486:40th 5481:39th 5471:37th 5450:35th 5445:34th 5440:33rd 5435:32nd 5430:31st 5425:30th 5409:26th 5404:25th 5399:24th 5394:23rd 5389:22nd 5384:21st 5279:29th 5274:28th 5269:27th 5205:list 5097:See 5082:12th 5077:11th 5072:10th 4947:80th 4942:78th 4937:77th 4932:76th 4927:70th 4922:66th 4917:61st 4857:46th 4852:45th 4827:36th 4817:18th 4741:79th 4736:42nd 4731:11th 4726:10th 4649:list 4593:52nd 4589:51st 4564:40th 4559:13th 4513:11th 4082:ISBN 4063:ISBN 4041:ISBN 4024:OCLC 4005:ISBN 3988:OCLC 3969:OCLC 3950:ISBN 3931:ISBN 3912:ISBN 3893:ISBN 3874:ISBN 3852:ISBN 3833:ISBN 3814:ISBN 3793:ISBN 3774:ISBN 3750:ISBN 3733:OCLC 3714:ISBN 3688:ISBN 3669:ISBN 3647:ISBN 3628:ISBN 3611:OCLC 3598:2014 3587:OCLC 3568:OCLC 3538:ISBN 3519:ISBN 3498:ISBN 3479:ISBN 3456:ISBN 3437:ISBN 3418:ISBN 3396:ISBN 3076:2018 3049:2018 2250:2018 2224:2018 2074:2020 2052:2019 2041:and 2037:2019 2023:2020 2009:2020 1852:2018 1793:52nd 1775:and 1767:The 1663:and 928:The 837:45th 782:and 693:The 638:and 239:The 219:, a 138:The 110:Type 57:The 6061:7th 6056:6th 6051:5th 6046:4th 6041:3rd 6036:2nd 6031:1st 5984:4th 5979:3rd 5974:2nd 5969:1st 5933:5th 5928:4th 5923:3rd 5918:2nd 5913:1st 5866:9th 5861:8th 5856:7th 5851:6th 5846:5th 5841:4th 5836:3rd 5831:2nd 5826:1st 5774:4th 5763:2nd 5758:1st 5742:3rd 5737:2nd 5732:1st 5264:8th 5259:7th 5254:6th 5249:5th 5244:4th 5239:3rd 5234:2nd 5229:1st 5067:9th 5062:8th 5057:7th 5052:6th 5047:5th 5042:4th 5037:3rd 5032:2nd 5027:1st 4797:8th 4792:7th 4787:6th 4782:5th 4777:4th 4772:3rd 4767:2nd 4762:1st 4721:9th 4716:8th 4711:7th 4706:6th 4701:2nd 4696:1st 4554:5th 4549:3rd 4544:2nd 4539:1st 4508:7th 4503:6th 4498:4th 4493:3rd 4488:2nd 4483:1st 4372:6th 4367:5th 4362:4th 4357:3rd 4352:2nd 1650:.). 1281:, ( 1107:, ( 626:in 585:at 559:). 451:in 351:by 153:'s 6090:: 3562:. 3339:^ 3306:^ 3267:^ 3168:^ 2990:^ 2975:^ 2948:^ 2823:^ 2556:^ 2467:^ 2455:. 2396:^ 2367:^ 2350:^ 2335:^ 2306:^ 2135:^ 2118:^ 1888:^ 1838:. 1827:^ 1787:, 1783:, 1541:, 1521:, 1174:, 1145:, 646:. 611:, 486:. 327:, 323:, 319:, 315:, 299:. 271:, 6021:) 5959:) 5809:) 5207:) 4651:) 4591:/ 4183:e 4176:t 4169:v 4119:e 4112:t 4105:v 4090:. 4071:. 4049:. 4030:. 4013:. 3994:. 3975:. 3958:. 3939:. 3920:. 3901:. 3882:. 3860:. 3841:. 3822:. 3801:. 3782:. 3758:. 3739:. 3722:. 3696:. 3677:. 3655:. 3636:. 3617:. 3600:. 3574:. 3546:. 3527:. 3506:. 3487:. 3464:. 3445:. 3426:. 3404:. 3078:. 3051:. 2252:. 2226:. 2076:. 2054:. 2039:. 2025:. 2011:. 1930:. 1854:. 1812:. 1707:. 1685:. 1111:) 34:. 20:)

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55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division

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