38:
213:
30:
2189:, Addison and Worswick found in a 2002 study that "there is no evidence that immigration has negatively impacted on the wages of young or low-skilled natives." Furthermore, Addison's study found that immigration did not increase unemployment among native workers. Rather, immigration decreased unemployment. However, in 2005 the Productivity Commission concluded that higher immigration levels would result in lower wage growth for existing Australian residents. On the impact of immigration on unemployment levels, the Commission said: "The conclusion that immigration has not caused unemployment at an aggregate level does not imply that it cannot lead to higher unemployment for specific groups. Immigration could worsen the labour market outcomes of people who work in sectors of the economy that have high concentrations of immigrant workers."
277:
399:
1992:
891:
1532:
741:
1063:
771:
791:
1113:
291:
1183:
1013:
948:
841:
691:
671:
656:
641:
3389:
1566:
871:
1736:
1048:
856:
998:
317:, which was a strengthening and unification of disparate colonial policies designed to restrict non-White settlement. Because of opposition from the British government, an explicit racial policy was avoided in the legislation, with the control mechanism being a dictation test in a European language selected by the immigration officer. This was selected to be one the immigrant did not know; the last time an immigrant passed a test was in 1909. Perhaps the most celebrated case was
1600:
1028:
1549:
963:
721:
1702:
2171:, has argued: "It is true that a net migration intake averaging around 180,000 per year will mean that the proportion of persons aged 65 plus to the total population will be a few percentage points lower in 2050 than it would be with a low migration intake. But this ‘gain’ would be bought at the expense of having to accommodate a much larger population. These people too, will age, thus requiring an even larger migration intake in subsequent years to look after them."
2164:, has said that the Government's focus on skilled migration has in fact reduced the average age of migrants. "More than half are aged 15 to 34, compared with 28 per cent of our population. Only 2 per cent of permanent immigrants are 65 or older, compared with 13 per cent of our population." Because of these statistics, Gittens claims that immigration is slowing the ageing of the Australian population and that the "net benefit to the economy is a lot more clear-cut."
2145:, Peter McDonald claims that "it is demographic nonsense to believe that immigration can help to keep our population young." However, according to Creedy and Alvarado (p. 99), by 2031 there will be a 1.1 per cent fall in the proportion of the population aged over 65 if net migration rate is 80,000 per year. If net migration rate is 170,000 per year, the proportion of the population aged over 65 would reduce by 3.1 per cent. As of 2007 during the leadership of
1651:
1128:
1753:
913:
3393:
1668:
1634:
1078:
1583:
1098:
928:
2299:
1773:
898:
1719:
1685:
756:
1498:
1201:- Australian working visas are most commonly granted to highly skilled workers. Candidates are assessed against a points-based system, with points allocated for certain standards of education. These visas are often sponsored by individual States, which recruit workers according to specific needs. Visas may also be granted to applicants sponsored by an Australian business. The most popular form of sponsored working visa was the
806:
1617:
978:
706:
2156:, immigration can reduce the average age of the Australian population: "The level of net overseas migration is important: net inflows of migrants to Australia reduce the rate of population ageing because migrants are younger on average than the resident population. Currently, around 85 per cent of migrants are aged under 40 when they migrate to Australia, compared to around 55 per cent for the resident population."
1515:
821:
2182:, and released an initial position paper on 17 January 2006 which states that the increase of income per capita provided by higher migration (50 percent more than the base model) by the 2024–2025 financial year would be $ 335 (0.6%), an amount described as "very small." The paper also found that Australians would on average work 1.3 percent longer hours, about twice the proportional increase in income.
329:, assisted migrants received passage assistance from colonial government funds. The British government paid for the passage of convicts, paupers, the military, and civil servants. Few immigrants received colonial government assistance before 1831. However, young women were receiving assisted passages from state governments to migrate to Australia in the early years of Federation.
1416:. The Australian Red Cross administers the scheme under contract to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship. It provides financial assistance to asylum seekers in the community who satisfy specific eligibility criteria, and also facilitates access to casework assistance and to other support services for asylum seekers through the Australian Red Cross.
246:, which followed on the heels of the Second Fleet in 1791, were a bit better. The fleet comprised 11 ships. Of the more than 2000 convicts brought onto the ships, 173 male convicts and 9 female convicts died during the voyage. Other transport fleets bringing further convicts as well as freemen to the colony would follow. By the end of the
2090:, the Australian government reduced its immigration target by 14%, and the permanent migration program for skilled migrants was reduced to 115,000 people for that financial year. In 2010–2011, the migration intake was adjusted so that 67.5% of the permanent migration program would be for skilled migrants, and 113,725 visas were granted.
426:. The scheme initially targeted citizens of all Commonwealth countries; after the war it gradually extended to other countries such as the Netherlands and Italy. The qualifications were straightforward: migrants needed to be in sound health and under the age of 45 years. There were initially no skill restrictions, although under the
2230:). There was, overall, an upward trend in the number of immigrants to Australia over the period of the Howard Government (1996–2007). The Rudd Labor Government (elected 2007) increased the quota again once in office. In 2010, both major parties continue to support high immigration, with former Prime Minister
2209:
The impact that immigration has on social cohesion in
Australia is not clear. According to a 2018 report by the Scanlon Report, between 80 and 82% of Australians felt that immigration had a positive impact on Australian society. Australians under the age of 30 were twice as likely to feel positively
2067:
in its submission to the same
Productivity Commission report stated that "rapid growth in overseas visitors such as students may have boosted demand for rental housing". However, the Commission found that "the ABS resident population estimates have limitations when used for assessing housing demand.
2051:
problem. According to
Robertson, Federal Government policies that fuel demand for housing, such as the currently high levels of immigration, as well as capital gains tax discounts and subsidies to boost fertility, have had a greater impact on housing affordability than land release on urban fringes.
324:
The government also found that if it wanted immigrants, it had to subsidise migration. The great distance from Europe made
Australia a more expensive and less attractive destination than Canada and the United States. The number of immigrants needed during different stages of the economic cycle could
241:
arrived in 1790 bringing more convicts. The conditions of the transportation was described as horrific and worse than slave transports. Of the 1,026 convicts who embarked, 267 (256 men and 11 women) died during the voyage (26%); a further 486 were sick when they arrived of which 124 died soon after.
2417:
Aboriginal
Australians are descended from the same small group of people who left Africa about 70,000 years ago and colonised the rest of the world, a large genetic study shows. After arriving in Australia and New Guinea about 50,000 years ago, the settlers evolved in relative isolation, developing
2267:
to win support from the working class, while simultaneously winning support from employers with high legal immigration. In 2006, the Labor Party under Kim
Beazley took a stance against the importation of increasingly large numbers of temporary skilled migrant workers by employers, arguing that this
2196:
in
Australia by "battlers" because of the belief that immigrants will steal jobs. Gittins claims though that "it's true that immigrants add to the supply of labour. But it's equally true that, by consuming and bringing families who consume, they also add to the demand for labour – usually by more."
1404:
Refugee and humanitarian visa holders are also eligible to receive on-arrival settlement support through the
Humanitarian Settlement Services program, which provides intensive settlement-support and equips individuals with the skills and knowledge to independently access services beyond the initial
1400:
The
Australian Cultural Orientation program provides practical advice and the opportunity to ask questions about travel to and life in Australia to refugee and humanitarian visa holders who are preparing to settle in Australia. The program is delivered overseas over five days before the visa holder
1396:
The
Settlement Grants Program provides funding to assist humanitarian entrants and migrants settle in Australia and to participate equitably in Australian society as soon as possible after arrival. The program is targeted to deliver settlement services to humanitarian entrants, family migrants with
236:
comprised 11 ships carrying 775 convicts and 645 officials, members of the crew, marines, and their families and children. The settlers consisted of petty criminals, second-rate soldiers and a crew of sailors. There were few with skills needed to start a self-sufficient settlement, such as farmers
2132:
stated that Australia is underpopulated due to a low birth rate, and that negative population growth will have adverse long-term effects on the economy as the population ages and the labour market becomes less competitive. To avoid this outcome the government increased immigration to fill gaps in
2101:
for recent university graduates of various degrees, including dentistry, computer science, architecture, psychology, and nursing. In 2014, a number of the professional associations for some of these fields criticised the immigration policy for skilled migrants, contending that these policies have
2200:
Robert Birrell has asserted that high immigration levels are being used by the Federal Government to stimulate aggregate economic growth, but that per capita growth is more important to Australians. Birrell concluded that high migration does not benefit existing residents, because it dilutes the
2275:
poll found that 49% of Australians say that ‘the total number of migrants coming to Australia each year is too high’, while a minority said it is ‘too low’ (13%), representing a 10-point rise in opposition to immigration since 2014. Furthermore, 67% say that 'overall, immigration has a positive
1408:
The Immigration Advice and Application Assistance Scheme provides professional assistance, free of charge, to disadvantaged visa-applicants, to help with the completion and submission of visa applications, liaison with the department, and advice on complex immigration matters. It also provides
2034:
has been one of the main factors driving growth in domestic greenhouse gas emissions. It concluded that the average emissions per capita in the countries that immigrants come from is only 42 percent of average emissions in Australia, finding that as immigrants alter their lifestyle to that of
380:, the Governor-General proclaimed the cessation of immigration until further notice. The next group to arrive were 5,000 Jewish refugee families from Germany in 1938. Approved groups such as these were assured of entry by being issued a Certificate of Exemption from the Dictation Test.
1389:, available to eligible migrants from the humanitarian, family and skilled-visa streams, provides free English-language courses for those who do not have functional English. Up to 510 hours of English language courses are provided during the first five years of settlement in Australia.
1975:, outlined six potential dilemmas associated with immigration-driven population growth. These included: the absolute numbers of aged residents continuing to rise despite high immigration off-setting ageing and declining birth-rates in a proportional sense; a worsening of Australia's
1392:
The Department of Home Affairs operates a 24-hour, seven-days-a-week telephone-based interpreting service called the Translating and Interpreting Service National, which facilitates contact between non-English speakers and interpreters, enabling access to government and community
2068:
Given the significant influx of foreigners coming to work or study in Australia in recent years, it seems highly likely that short-stay visitor movements may have added to the demand for housing. However, the Commissions are unaware of any research that quantifies the effects."
2197:
Overall, Gittins has written that the "economic case for rapid population growth though immigration is surprisingly weak," noting the diseconomies of scale, infrastructure costs and negative environmental impacts associated with continued immigration-driven population growth.
2201:
benefit that can accrue from the export of non-renewable resources which form a large part of the Australian economy. As well, Birrell argues that a slowdown in labour force growth would require employers to pay greater attention to training, wages and conditions of workers.
2035:
Australians, they increase global greenhouse gas emissions. The Institute calculated that each additional 70,000 immigrants will lead to additional emissions of 20 million tonnes of greenhouse gases by the end of the Kyoto target period (2012) and 30 million tonnes by 2020.
309:. This latter group was subject to increasing restrictions and discrimination, making it impossible for many to remain in the country. With the federation of the Australian colonies into a single nation, one of the first acts of the new Commonwealth Government was the
3885:
1238:- Foreign investors could invest the business or fund in Australia to acquire the Permanent Residential of Australia, after 4 years (including the year which acquire the visa), they need to take the exam and make a declaration in order to be a citizen of Australia.
2210:
about immigration as Australians over the age of 60 were. A follow-up report in 2019 found that 85% of Australians polled felt that multiculturalism had made a positive impact on Australia, but 40% admitted negative or very negative feelings towards Muslims.
2593:
4446:
2137:
to encourage families to have more children. However, opponents of population growth such as Sustainable Population Australia do not accept that population growth will decline and reverse, based on current immigration and fertility projections.
2025:
will lead to a deterioration of natural ecosystems through increased temperatures, extreme weather events and less rainfall in the southern part of the continent, thus reducing its capacity to sustain a large population even further. The
3337:
3918:
418:, believing that having narrowly avoided a Japanese invasion, Australia must "populate or perish". Hundreds of thousands of displaced Europeans migrated to Australia and over 1,000,000 British subjects immigrated under the
2276:
impact on the economy’, while 65% say that ‘immigrants strengthen the country because of their hard work and talents’, and 62% believe that ‘accepting immigrants from many different countries makes Australia stronger’.
5916:
3762:
2996:
1211:- The Australian Government actively encourages foreign students to study in Australia. There are a number of categories of a student visa, most of which require a confirmed offer from an educational institution.
1242:
Claims have been made that Australia's migration program is in conflict with anti age-discrimination legislation and there have been calls to remove or amend the age limit of 50 for general skilled migrants.
2597:
4438:
2102:
contributed to difficulties for local degree holders in obtaining full-time employment. In 2016, the Department of Health forecast a shortfall in nurses of approximately 85,000 by 2025 and 123,000 by 2030.
6062:
3275:
6027:
3985:
4349:
2974:
1217:- Visas are often granted on the basis of family ties in Australia. There are a number of different types of Australian family visas, including Contributory Parent visas, Child Visa and Partner visas.
3895:
3830:
2887:
4318:
145:
are the skilled migration and family re-union programs. A 2014 sociological study concluded that: "Australia and Canada are the most receptive to immigration among western nations." In 2023,
138:, which in turn saw a shrinkage of the Australian population for the first time since World War I, though in the following period 2021–22 showed a very strong recovery of migrant arrivals.
6067:
5931:
37:
2404:
1227:
Employment and family visas can often lead to Australian citizenship; however, this requires the applicant to have lived in Australia for at least four years with at least one year as a
3249:
2659:
4653:
4506:
3700:
6077:
3910:
6037:
6022:
5994:
5951:
3780:
305:, beginning in 1851, led to an enormous expansion in population, including large numbers of British and Irish settlers, followed by smaller numbers of Germans, other Europeans, and
5961:
5490:
3952:
3367:
6057:
6017:
4138:
6052:
6032:
4623:
3807:
3504:
2492:
3766:
3478:
1365:
Special Humanitarian Programme (SHP) visas for persons who are subject to substantial discrimination amounting to gross violation of their human rights in their home country
3107:
2988:
2821:
2467:
4211:
4079:
3548:
1960:
There are a range of views in the Australian community on the composition and level of immigration, and on the possible effects of varying the level of immigration and
4593:
4168:
258:
The colonies promoted migration by a variety of schemes. The Bounty Immigration Scheme (1835-1841) boosted emigration from the United Kingdom to New South Wales. The
5926:
4476:
2975:
https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/what-we-do/migration-program-planning-levels#:~:text=In%20the%202024%E2%80%9325%20Migration,21%20and%202021%E2%80%9322%20respectively
4292:
3341:
2113:
allows immigration by professionals who end up competing with graduates of Australian universities for scarce positions. On the other hand, Australia's shortage of
6072:
5976:
2552:
3862:
3279:
1877:
had the largest population, and the largest foreign-born population, in Australia (1,544,023). Certain nationalities concentrated notably in this state: 74.5% of
6047:
5971:
3977:
5966:
5956:
5946:
5936:
4341:
3167:
2799:
3652:
6042:
5999:
5921:
4376:
2577:
2322:
4230:
3293:
1983:; overuse of agricultural soils; marine fisheries and domestic supplies of oil and gas; and a decline in urban air quality, river quality and biodiversity.
5507:
4101:
3840:
2063:, concluded: "Growth in immigration since the mid-1990s has been an important contributor to underlying demand, particularly in Sydney and Melbourne." The
1223:- This visa is a residence permit allowing travelers to undertake employment (and sometimes study) in the country issuing the visa to supplement education.
4567:
4265:
3736:
3227:
2522:
2125:
Another element in the immigration debate is a concern to alleviate adverse impacts arising from Australia's ageing population. In the 1990s, the former
3678:
2047:
analyst Rory Robertson, assert that high immigration and the propensity of new arrivals to cluster in the capital cities is exacerbating the nation's
212:
3189:
2879:
1412:
In response to the needs of asylum seekers, the Asylum Seeker Assistance Scheme was established in 1992 to address Australia's obligations under the
4310:
2853:
3529:
3418:
1419:
A variety of community-based services cater to the needs of newly-arrived migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. Some of these services, such as
5388:
2394:
1369:
The cap for visas granted under the humanitarian program was 13,750 for 2015–16, plus an additional 12,000 visas available for refugees from the
3569:
3076:
3625:
3605:
2250:
population clock reached 25 million 33 years ahead of predictions, with 62% of the growth in the last ten years being a result of immigration.
3253:
5393:
4645:
4533:
4498:
3711:
2656:
1413:
1360:
153:
2013:
believe that as the driest inhabited continent, Australia cannot continue to sustain its current rate of population growth without becoming
5658:
4684:
2919:
2246:
speech that: "My instinct is to extend to as many people as possible the freedom and benefits of life in Australia". On 7 August 2018, the
33:
People born overseas as a percentage of the population in Australia divided geographically by statistical local area, as of the 2011 census
4248:
4185:
4030:
3784:
321:, a left-wing Austrian journalist who could speak five languages, who was failed in a test in Scottish Gaelic and deported as illiterate.
149:
ranked Australia as the top country destination for individuals seeking to work and live a high-quality life based on global assessments.
79:, the policy was gradually relaxed, and was abolished entirely in 1973. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have settled in Australia.
3435:
1370:
645:
29:
3941:
3363:
2098:
4914:
4130:
2679:
4397:
5161:
3019:
2218:
Over the last decade, leaders of the major Federal political parties have demonstrated support for high level immigration (including
1972:
4615:
3799:
2484:
4010:
3500:
2087:
1866:
The separate Australian States show some differences in settlement patterns, as demonstrated in the statistics compiled during the
1067:
1062:
3474:
2941:
2622:
5888:
3099:
2930:
2908:
2348:
1760:
4245:
Addison, T. and Worswick, C. (2002). The impact of immigration on the earnings of natives: Evidence from Australian micro data.
3315:
2831:
1925:, with 528,827 overseas-born residents, had the highest proportion of foreign-born population. The state attracted 29.6% of all
6103:
5435:
5245:
5053:
4967:
2963:
2952:
2707:
2456:
2153:
82:
Between 1788 and the mid-20th century, the vast majority of settlers and immigrants came from Britain and Ireland (principally
3545:
3050:
1397:
low levels of English proficiency and dependants of skilled migrants in rural and regional areas with low English-proficiency.
276:
5331:
5171:
4207:
4071:
1980:
4589:
5447:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4790:
4165:
1433:
4468:
4289:
2430:
75:
for much of the 20th century, which forbade the entrance in Australia of people of non-European ethnic origins. Following
5834:
5778:
5673:
5179:
5013:
4927:
2080:
4758:
3604:(submission 12 to the Productivity Commission's position paper on Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth).
2544:
5841:
4972:
4952:
4728:
4055:
3854:
3624:(submission 9 to the Productivity Commission's position paper on Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth).
1381:
The Australian Government and the community provide a number of migration-assistance and settlement-support services:
695:
161:
2639:
6098:
5383:
5284:
5184:
5104:
5038:
3137:
2741:
2358:
2141:
There is debate over whether immigration can slow the ageing of Australia's population. In a research paper entitled
2109:
academics published a report which contended that Australia's immigration program is deeply flawed. The government's
419:
415:
389:
141:
Net overseas migration has increased from 30,042 in 1992–93 to 178,582 persons in 2015–16. The largest components of
103:
17:
3159:
2789:
1903:, the second-most populous state, also had the second-largest number of overseas-born persons (1,161,984). 50.6% of
1830:
The Australian Bureau of Statistics source lists England and Scotland separately although they are both part of the
5111:
5048:
5033:
4272:
3641:
2264:
2018:
310:
177:
4373:
3297:
2574:
237:
and builders, and the colony experienced hunger and hardships. Male settlers far outnumbered female settlers. The
5552:
5351:
5341:
5277:
5018:
4992:
4860:
2332:
2247:
1452:
1442:
4105:
5638:
5537:
5257:
5235:
5141:
4947:
4907:
4559:
3740:
3364:"Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2020(b)(c)"
3338:"Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2019(b)(c)"
3219:
2514:
1445:
in 2020. It shows only countries or regions or birth with a population of over 100,000 residing in Australia.
398:
5788:
5705:
5581:
5430:
5423:
5294:
5240:
5043:
5023:
2353:
2338:
1386:
1228:
1194:
There are a number of different types of Australian immigration, classed under different categories of visa:
1177:
434:
5773:
5567:
5304:
5267:
5146:
5136:
5008:
3674:
2071:
Some individuals and interest groups have also argued that immigration causes overburdened infrastructure.
3197:
2857:
2263:, said former Prime Minister John Howard had been "a tricky chap" on immigration, by appearing "tough" on
1991:
5881:
5542:
5500:
5495:
5442:
5189:
5156:
5084:
1999:
810:
4227:
3526:
3415:
2920:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-statistics/statistics/visa-statistics/live/migration-program
5941:
5608:
5512:
5366:
5321:
5225:
4817:
4420:
2794:
2343:
195:
4886:
5728:
5685:
5633:
5532:
5378:
5346:
5262:
5252:
5220:
4900:
4738:
3576:
3072:
2399:
2193:
2064:
1604:
1553:
3621:
3601:
1438:
As of 2019, 30% of the Australian resident population, or 7,529,570 people, had been born overseas.
5628:
5475:
5311:
5272:
5099:
2762:
2363:
1867:
1187:
238:
4529:
4186:"Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth - Productivity Commission Commissioned Study"
3416:
Future Dilemmas: Options to 2050 for Australia's population, Technology, Resources and Environment
242:
The fleet was more of a drain on the struggling settlement than of any benefit. Conditions on the
5793:
5668:
5648:
5623:
5603:
5356:
5326:
5151:
5028:
4957:
2317:
2175:
2056:
2027:
1948:
1886:
1420:
326:
259:
243:
187:
146:
102:
during the 19th century. In the decades immediately following World War II, Australia received a
50:
2485:"Australia's population shrinks for the first time since WWI as COVID turns off immigration tap"
5897:
5874:
5700:
5678:
5653:
5618:
5598:
5562:
5400:
5371:
5361:
5336:
5299:
5230:
5067:
4962:
4681:
4527:
Gittens, R. (20 August 2003). Honest John's migrant twostep. The Age. Retrieved 2 October from
4246:
4193:
4027:
2942:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-on-migration-program-2016-17.pdf
2126:
2010:
1926:
1655:
1587:
427:
314:
302:
119:
72:
46:
4838:
3446:
2931:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/2015-16-migration-programme-report.pdf
2909:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-migration-programme-2013-14.pdf
2736:. Broadway, New South Wales, Australia: Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates. pp. 2–22.
2283:
has called for a national plebiscite asking voters if they think immigration is too high. The
1943:
had 695,525 overseas-born residents, and attracted the greatest proportion of persons born in
430:, people from mixed-race backgrounds found it very difficult to take advantage of the scheme.
262:
was established to encourage settlement in South Australia by labourers and skilled migrants.
5763:
5695:
5593:
5547:
5410:
5316:
5203:
5089:
4800:
3646:
1904:
1757:
1638:
1117:
845:
294:
207:
4342:"It's the climate, not immigration, that keeps Australians awake at night | David Marr"
2964:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-migration-program-2018-19.pdf
2953:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-migration-program-2017-18.pdf
2683:
216:
Women in England mourning their loved ones who are to be transported to the penal colony at
126:, and there has been a large and continuing wave of immigration from across the world, with
5827:
5798:
5720:
5557:
5527:
5463:
5418:
5131:
5126:
5094:
5079:
4935:
4393:
2327:
2014:
1900:
1740:
1689:
1672:
1570:
271:
247:
165:
107:
91:
3023:
2732:
Price, Charles (1987). "Chapter 1: Immigration and Ethnic Origin". In Wray Vamplew (ed.).
2433:. Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs. 2005. Archived from
8:
5748:
5690:
5522:
5485:
5215:
2312:
2186:
1878:
1621:
1536:
1502:
1441:
The following table shows Australia's population by country of birth as estimated by the
1350:
952:
917:
912:
157:
95:
83:
4007:
3276:"Humanitarian Settlement Program | Department of Social Services, Australian Government"
5850:
5808:
5783:
5768:
5758:
5753:
5743:
5710:
5613:
5517:
5121:
5116:
2619:
2048:
1934:
1916:
1908:
1894:
1723:
1706:
1519:
1182:
438:
99:
5738:
5480:
4051:
3311:
2737:
2697:
2284:
2168:
2106:
2031:
1961:
1922:
1890:
1777:
1017:
135:
127:
87:
4499:"Australia's population hits 25 million, 33 years ahead of schedule - MacroBusiness"
5855:
5289:
4748:
3046:
2771:
2515:"Australia's population has shrunk. What is the ideal population for this country?"
2304:
2083:
of skilled occupations that are currently acceptable for immigration to Australia.
1976:
1944:
1912:
1882:
403:
377:
318:
306:
290:
191:
123:
4745:
The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins
4864:
4688:
4380:
4296:
4252:
4234:
4215:
4172:
4034:
4014:
3629:
3609:
3552:
3533:
3422:
2826:
2663:
2626:
2581:
1930:
1874:
393:
186:
of humans to the continent took place around 65,000 years ago via the islands of
183:
111:
68:
3763:"Dentists join the growing calls for cap on student uni places | The Australian"
5733:
3890:
3835:
2434:
2280:
2272:
2223:
2129:
2044:
2022:
1844:
1831:
1806:
1531:
947:
840:
690:
675:
670:
660:
655:
640:
423:
115:
61:
4858:
Australian State of Queensland skilled and business migration information site
2545:"Overseas Migration, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics"
6092:
3017:
2259:
2243:
2235:
2161:
1979:
due to more imports and higher consumption of domestic production; increased
1735:
1205:
set in place in 1996 which has now been abolished by the Turnbull government.
1052:
1047:
902:
745:
740:
297:
poster issued by the Overseas Settlement Office to attract immigrants (1928).
4870:
Australian State of Victoria official site for skilled and business migrants
3911:"Forecast oversupply of doctors to hit this year amid calls to halt imports"
2775:
2657:
A story of rupture and resilience: When did Australia's human history begin?
2167:
Robert Birrell, director of the Centre for Population and Urban Research at
4831:
3294:"Fact sheet - Immigration Advice and Application Assistance Scheme (IAAAS)"
2254:
2157:
2003:
1599:
1032:
1027:
790:
760:
411:
225:
76:
64:
4825:
3129:
5866:
5803:
5663:
4590:"'We have a right to a say': Hanson continues population plebiscite push"
4311:"More people want immigration cuts in 2018, social cohesion report finds"
3886:"Accounting 'not cut' from immigration skilled occupations list for 2015"
2239:
2227:
2219:
2146:
1701:
1565:
1548:
1002:
997:
967:
962:
875:
870:
860:
855:
795:
725:
720:
250:
in 1868, approximately 165,000 people had entered Australia as convicts.
233:
229:
142:
4869:
4616:"Pauline Hanson: Give Australians a vote on immigration - MacroBusiness"
3312:"Australian Immigration Fact Sheet 66. Humanitarian Settlement Services"
2757:
130:
being the largest source of immigrants in the 21st century. In 2019–20,
4812:
2231:
2134:
1940:
217:
54:
4857:
4923:
4892:
3602:
Submission to the Productivity Commission on Population and Migration
2702:
2640:"Decoding Global Talent 2024: Dream Destinations and Mobility Trends"
2114:
1995:
1852:
1814:
1752:
1650:
1470:
1132:
1127:
4785:
4725:
From White Australia to Woomera: The Story of Australian Immigration
4646:"Pauline Hanson's immigration bill suffers massive defeat in Senate"
4208:
Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth (Position Paper)
3942:"Australia's Skilled Migration Program: Scarce Skills Not Required"
1667:
1633:
1355:
Australia grants two types of visa under its humanitarian program:
1202:
1082:
1077:
3190:"Australia's response to the Syrian and Iraqi humanitarian crisis"
2672:
1718:
1582:
1497:
1102:
1097:
932:
927:
755:
60:
European colonisation began in 1788 with the establishment of a
3978:"Costello hatches census-time challenge: procreate and cherish"
3564:
3562:
3560:
1848:
1843:
In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source,
1810:
1772:
1012:
897:
890:
805:
4711:
The Impact of Immigration in Australia: A Demographic Approach
4394:"Lateline – 11/06/2008: Immigration intake to rise to 300,000"
4228:
Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth Key Points
4160:
4158:
4156:
3622:
Negative Economic Impacts of Immigration and Population Growth
4887:
Office of The Migration Agents Registration Authority (OMARA)
3100:"Chart of the day: Where do migrants to Australia come from?"
2620:
Attitudes to immigration and cultural diversity in Australia.
1968:
1856:
1818:
1684:
1616:
1514:
1409:
migration advice to prospective visa-applicants and sponsors.
1112:
982:
977:
825:
820:
775:
770:
710:
705:
45:
The Australian continent was first settled when ancestors of
4882:
Department of Immigration and Border Protection of Australia
4881:
3557:
4153:
3708:
Department of Immigration and Border Protection (Australia)
1427:
3501:"High Population Policy Will Double Greenhouse Gas Growth"
4421:"Abbott urges more migration, compassion for boat people"
4383:, Background Briefing, Radio National Sunday 18 June 2006
4028:
Population Futures for Australia: the Policy Alternatives
3737:"Australian Graduate Survey - Graduate Careers Australia"
2143:
Population Futures for Australia: the Policy Alternatives
4102:"Part 2: Long-term demographic and economic projections"
1247:
New permanent migrants to Australia by region (2016–17)
4369:
4367:
2120:
2099:
some declines in full-time employment between 2012–2015
224:
European migration to Australia began with the British
3729:
3250:"What is the Australian Cultural Orientation program?"
3044:
614:
Foreign-born Australian residents by country of birth
4266:"Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth"
122:
in 1973, Australia has pursued an official policy of
4753:
Markus, Andrew, James Jupp and Peter McDonald, eds.
4364:
3800:"Nurses union says 3,000 graduates cannot find work"
2294:
1796:
Only countries with 100,000 or more are listed here.
1376:
383:
4832:
NSW Migration Heritage Centre, Australia (archived)
4772:
Australia's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook
4048:
Population Ageing, Migration and Social Expenditure
3390:"2006 Census Data : View by Location Or Topic"
3018:Australian Government. Department of Home Affairs.
2986:
2431:"The Evolution of Australia's Multicultural Policy"
2268:is simply a way for employers to drive down wages.
2180:
Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth
1973:
Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs
1423:, receive funding from the Commonwealth Government.
171:
94:), although there was significant immigration from
3445:. Sustainable Population Australia. Archived from
2989:"Population and migration statistics in Australia"
265:
4125:
4123:
4046:Alvarado, José; Creedy, John (9 September 2009).
2449:
41:Monthly arrivals of permanent settlers since 1976
6090:
4704:Ideology and Immigration: Australia 1976 to 1987
3475:"Population Growth and Greenhouse Gas Emissions"
2758:"Two Thousand Girls. AUSTRALASIA'S GAIN IN 1910"
4765:The Irish in Australia: 1798 to the Present Day
2669:, 17 November 2017, Retrieved 17 November 2017.
2323:Department of Immigration and Border Protection
2149:, the net migration rate was 160,000 per year.
1166:
118:than in previous decades. Since the end of the
4718:Immigration and Australia: Myths and Realities
4120:
4045:
2418:unique genetic characteristics and technology.
2395:"Out of Africa – Aboriginal origins uncovered"
1897:Australian residents lived in New South Wales.
1359:Refugee-category visas for refugees under the
1186:"Life From A Suitcase" sculpture installed at
71:. Beginning in 1901, Australia maintained the
5882:
4908:
4299:, The Sydney Morning Herald, 20 December 2010
2213:
2038:
1414:Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
1361:Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
325:be controlled by varying the subsidy. Before
154:Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
3949:The Australian Population Research Institute
3831:"Surfeit of vets prompts call to cap places"
1971:population study commissioned by the former
4770:Wells, Andrew, and Martinez, Theresa (ed.)
4469:"Australia's population will hit 25m today"
3675:"Immigration cut only temporary 16Mar 2009"
3045:Australian Visa Bureau (22 December 2011).
2386:
1929:Australian residents, and narrowly trailed
5896:
5889:
5875:
4915:
4901:
4826:Origins: Immigrant Communities in Victoria
4072:"Farewell, John. We will never forget you"
3160:"The Special Humanitarian Programme (SHP)"
2854:"Fact sheet - Key facts about immigration"
2629:" Journal of Sociology 50.1 (2014): 10-22.
1851:and the Special Administrative Regions of
1813:and the Special Administrative Regions of
1805:The Australian Bureau of Statistics lists
437:largely displaced cultural selectivity in
110:, with many more immigrants arriving from
4828:– Immigration Museum, Victoria, Australia
3073:"How old is too old to become a migrant?"
160:. In recent years, Australia's policy of
4836:
4178:
3883:
2727:
2725:
2111:Medium to Long-Term Strategic Skill List
1990:
1428:Country of birth of Australian residents
1181:
397:
289:
275:
211:
36:
28:
4308:
3939:
3797:
3392:. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. Archived from
2698:"Australia's Early Immigration Schemes"
2349:Mental health and immigration detention
2287:voted the proposal down 54 votes to 2.
2178:launched a commissioned study entitled
1955:
1919:Australian residents lived in Victoria.
1344:
201:
14:
6091:
4922:
4418:
4309:Medhora, Shalailah (4 December 2018).
4141:from the original on 24 September 2015
4020:
4000:
3855:"Construction & Architecture News"
2335:, a hoax regarding benefits comparison
5870:
4896:
4767:(3rd ed. Cork University Press, 2001)
4557:
4553:
4551:
4131:"Back-scratching at a national level"
3908:
3884:Berkovic, Nicola (12 November 2014).
3865:from the original on 28 December 2019
3469:
3467:
3408:
3097:
2731:
2722:
2555:from the original on 25 December 2022
2392:
2192:Gittins claims there is considerable
1450:
253:
4791:Museum of Chinese Australian History
4536:from the original on 21 January 2017
4400:from the original on 5 December 2009
4339:
4321:from the original on 8 November 2020
4175:, Policy, Vol. 26 No. 1, Autumn 2010
3828:
3538:
3330:
3318:from the original on 3 November 2012
3140:from the original on 21 January 2017
2457:"2018 – 19 Migration Program Report"
2407:from the original on 6 November 2012
2121:Economic growth and aging population
1933:in having the largest population of
1434:Foreign-born population of Australia
1190:dedicated to immigrants in Australia
1171:
4521:
4419:Hudson, Phillip (23 January 2010).
4290:Beware gurus selling high migration
4220:
4200:
3988:from the original on 2 January 2017
3921:from the original on 27 August 2017
3655:from the original on 4 January 2021
3614:
3594:
3425:, CSIRO Resource Futures, Canberra.
3366:. Australian Bureau of Statistics.
3340:. Australian Bureau of Statistics.
3170:from the original on 3 January 2017
3053:from the original on 1 January 2012
2987:Commonwealth Parliament, Canberra.
2586:
2059:in its 2004 Inquiry Report No. 28,
338:Annual average assisted immigrants
280:Migrants disembarking from a ship,
168:by boat has attracted controversy.
24:
4755:Australia's Immigration Revolution
4696:
4548:
4239:
3958:from the original on 15 March 2018
3773:
3681:from the original on 5 August 2009
3546:PM told he's wrong on house prices
3519:
3507:from the original on 8 August 2020
3481:from the original on 8 August 2020
3464:
3110:from the original on 11 April 2020
2999:from the original on 3 August 2020
2734:Australians: Historical Statistics
2567:
2525:from the original on 12 April 2021
2495:from the original on 13 April 2021
2473:from the original on 6 April 2023.
2204:
25:
6115:
4875:
4837:Richards, Eric (12 August 2015).
4656:from the original on 23 July 2020
4626:from the original on 2 April 2020
4596:from the original on 2 April 2020
4509:from the original on 2 April 2020
4479:from the original on 2 April 2020
4449:from the original on 8 April 2022
4104:. Treasury.gov.au. Archived from
4082:from the original on 3 March 2016
3414:Foran, B., and F. Poldy, (2002),
3370:from the original on 16 July 2022
3230:from the original on 27 June 2018
3079:from the original on 9 March 2021
2890:from the original on 13 June 2018
2802:from the original on 2 April 2020
2710:from the original on 2 April 2020
2573:Australian Bureau of Statistics,
2359:Post war immigration to Australia
1377:Migration and settlement services
1284:North Africa and the Middle East
422:, colloquially becoming known as
420:Assisted Passage Migration Scheme
390:Post-war immigration to Australia
384:Post-war immigration to Australia
4570:from the original on 8 July 2020
4360:– via www.theguardian.com.
4340:Marr, David (25 November 2019).
4026:McDonald, P., Kippen, R. (1999)
3810:from the original on 19 May 2019
3436:"Baby Bonus Bad for Environment"
3344:from the original on 2 July 2021
2297:
2133:labour markets and introduced a
2043:A number of economists, such as
2019:Sustainable Population Australia
1771:
1751:
1734:
1717:
1700:
1683:
1666:
1649:
1632:
1615:
1598:
1581:
1564:
1547:
1530:
1513:
1496:
1126:
1111:
1096:
1076:
1061:
1046:
1026:
1011:
996:
976:
961:
946:
926:
911:
896:
889:
869:
854:
839:
819:
804:
789:
769:
754:
739:
719:
704:
689:
669:
654:
639:
311:Immigration Restriction Act 1901
178:Immigration history of Australia
172:Immigration history of Australia
152:Australia is a signatory to the
4638:
4608:
4582:
4530:"Honest John's migrant twostep"
4491:
4461:
4431:
4412:
4386:
4352:from the original on 3 May 2020
4333:
4302:
4282:
4258:
4094:
4078:. Melbourne. 25 November 2007.
4064:
4039:
4006:Goldie, J. (23 February 2006)
3970:
3933:
3902:
3877:
3847:
3829:Hare, Julie (22 January 2014).
3822:
3791:
3755:
3710:. 31 March 2013. Archived from
3693:
3667:
3634:
3493:
3428:
3382:
3356:
3304:
3286:
3268:
3242:
3212:
3182:
3152:
3122:
3091:
3065:
3038:
3011:
2980:
2968:
2957:
2946:
2935:
2924:
2913:
2902:
2880:"Australia's Migration Program"
2872:
2846:
2814:
2782:
2750:
2690:
2650:
2632:
2333:Immigrant benefits urban legend
2248:Australian Bureau of Statistics
2030:has concluded that Australia's
1837:
1824:
1799:
1790:
1453:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1443:Australian Bureau of Statistics
266:Gold rush and population growth
5917:Federated States of Micronesia
4008:"Time to stop all this growth"
3909:Patty, Anna (8 January 2017).
3570:"Microsoft Word - prelims.doc"
3098:Liddy, Matt (20 August 2018).
2612:
2537:
2507:
2477:
2423:
1986:
1463:Estimated resident population
13:
1:
6104:Maritime history of Australia
3940:Birrell, Bob (8 March 2016).
3798:Stewart, John (24 May 2014).
3677:. Abc.net.au. 16 March 2009.
2830:. 10 May 2009. Archived from
2374:
2354:Multiculturalism in Australia
2339:Immigrant health in Australia
2074:
1387:Adult Migrant English Program
1332:Supplementary and Not Stated
1178:Australian permanent resident
414:Australia launched a massive
281:
4396:. Abc.net.au. 11 June 2008.
3649:. Department of Home Affairs
3544:Wade, M. (9 September 2006)
3503:. Tai.org.au. 10 July 2011.
3477:. Tai.org.au. 10 July 2011.
3220:"Department of Home Affairs"
3075:. SBS News. 26 August 2013.
2379:
2160:, an economics columnist at
1324:Southern and Eastern Europe
1167:Current immigration programs
49:arrived via the islands of
7:
4679:Commonwealth of Australia.
4166:The Risks of High Migration
4017:(Retrieved 30 October 2006)
2886:. Parliament of Australia.
2770:(48): 70–73. 1 April 1911.
2594:"Australian Bureau of noms"
2393:Smith, Debra (9 May 2007).
2290:
2000:International Space Station
1371:conflicts in Syria and Iraq
608:
10:
6120:
4852:State immigration websites
4818:Migration Museum, Adelaide
4801:"Immigrants and Emigrants"
4672:
4560:"Immigration and refugees"
3642:"Skilled Occupations List"
2795:ABC Television (Australia)
2464:Department of Home Affairs
2344:Immigration to New Zealand
2214:Politics and public debate
2095:Graduate Careers Australia
2039:Housing and infrastructure
1431:
1401:begins his or her journey.
1348:
1260:Southern and Central Asia
1175:
387:
269:
205:
196:history of human migration
175:
134:came to a halt during the
6008:
5985:
5904:
5821:
5719:
5589:
5580:
5471:
5462:
5409:
5285:Intelligence and security
5211:
5202:
5170:
5075:
5066:
5001:
4943:
4934:
4889:(archived 17 August 2018)
4251:29 September 2015 at the
4226:Productivity Commission,
4206:Productivity Commission,
4135:The Sydney Morning Herald
3982:The Sydney Morning Herald
3915:The Sydney Morning Herald
3859:Architecture & Design
3628:27 September 2007 at the
3608:27 September 2007 at the
3525:Klan, A. (17 March 2007)
3130:"Offshore - Resettlement"
2400:The Sydney Morning Herald
2238:'; and Opposition Leader
2194:opposition to immigration
2065:Reserve Bank of Australia
1769:
1749:
1732:
1715:
1698:
1681:
1664:
1647:
1630:
1613:
1596:
1579:
1562:
1545:
1528:
1511:
1494:
1482:
1467:
1462:
1459:
629:
626:
623:
313:, otherwise known as the
104:large wave of immigration
6099:Immigration to Australia
6063:Northern Mariana Islands
4735:The English in Australia
4716:Foster, William, et al.
4620:www.macrobusiness.com.au
4564:Lowy Institute Poll 2019
4503:www.macrobusiness.com.au
4013:25 February 2021 at the
3701:"Net overseas migration"
2680:"Map of Human Migration"
2369:
2364:Visa policy of Australia
2117:is not being addressed.
1981:greenhouse gas emissions
1421:Migrant Resource Centres
1199:Skilled Occupation visas
232:on 26 January 1788. The
132:immigration to Australia
6028:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5898:Immigration to Oceania
4759:Excerpt and text search
4739:Excerpt and text search
4729:Excerpt and text search
3551:19 October 2017 at the
3532:22 October 2008 at the
3421:5 November 2010 at the
2575:International migration
2318:Demography of Australia
2176:Productivity Commission
2088:global financial crisis
2086:In 2009, following the
2057:Productivity Commission
2011:environmental movements
1300:Oceania and Antarctica
260:South Australia Company
188:Maritime Southeast Asia
156:and has resettled many
57:over 50,000 years ago.
51:Maritime Southeast Asia
5679:Indigenous Australians
5180:States and territories
4863:8 October 2017 at the
4374:"Workers of the World"
4233:19 August 2006 at the
4171:10 August 2014 at the
4033:18 August 2011 at the
2079:Australia maintains a
2006:
1859:are listed separately.
1191:
428:White Australia Policy
407:
376:With the onset of the
315:White Australia policy
298:
287:
221:
120:White Australia policy
73:White Australia policy
47:Indigenous Australians
42:
34:
6011:and other territories
4973:Territorial evolution
4255:, Vol. 78, pp. 68–78.
4196:on 27 September 2007.
3951:. Monash University.
3781:"Optometry Australia"
3647:Australian Government
2662:13 April 2020 at the
2580:13 April 2020 at the
2154:Commonwealth Treasury
2049:housing affordability
1994:
1937:Australian residents.
1185:
406:arrived in Australia.
401:
295:Australian Government
293:
279:
215:
208:Convicts in Australia
194:as part of the early
166:unauthorised arrivals
40:
32:
5419:Cabinet of Australia
5394:Government ministers
5162:World Heritage Sites
4968:European exploration
4763:O'Farrell, Patrick.
4749:Excerpt about Sydney
4687:24 June 2022 at the
4443:www.heraldsun.com.au
4439:"Abbott's open door"
4295:18 June 2014 at the
4214:25 June 2006 at the
3651:. 10 December 2020.
3300:on 11 February 2018.
3224:www.directory.gov.au
2860:on 12 September 2015
2625:23 June 2016 at the
2551:. 16 December 2022.
2328:Europeans in Oceania
2115:skilled tradespeople
2061:First Home Ownership
1956:Impacts and concerns
1345:Humanitarian program
1221:Working holiday visa
450:Migration programme
272:Australian gold rush
248:penal transportation
202:Penal transportation
5491:Gross state product
4445:. 22 January 2010.
4278:on 29 October 2012.
3898:on 18 January 2015.
3843:on 25 January 2017.
3717:on 26 November 2015
2798:. 1 November 2007.
2686:on 14 January 2013.
2437:on 19 February 2006
2313:Asylum in Australia
2265:illegal immigration
2253:In 2003, economist
2187:regression analysis
2028:Australia Institute
1351:Asylum in Australia
1308:Sub-Saharan Africa
1255:Number of migrants
1248:
615:
416:immigration program
162:mandatory detention
5809:Australian studies
5744:Australian English
5553:Telecommunications
5389:Government leaders
5332:Political ideology
4813:"Migration Museum"
4702:Betts, Katharine.
4682:Migration Act 1958
4532:. 20 August 2003.
4379:9 May 2010 at the
3026:on 23 January 2018
2834:on 17 January 2010
2242:stating in a 2010
2097:, there have been
2021:(SPA) argues that
2007:
1998:at night from the
1484:Total foreign-born
1405:settlement period.
1292:North-West Europe
1246:
1229:permanent resident
1192:
613:
439:immigration policy
408:
327:Federation in 1901
299:
288:
254:Bounty Immigration
226:convict settlement
222:
43:
35:
6086:
6085:
6078:Wallis and Futuna
5986:Associated states
5864:
5863:
5817:
5816:
5639:Human trafficking
5576:
5575:
5458:
5457:
5258:Foreign relations
5198:
5197:
5062:
5061:
5009:Asian Australians
4847:(South Australia)
4779:Migration history
4622:. 7 August 2018.
4558:Institute, Lowy.
4505:. 6 August 2018.
4475:. 7 August 2018.
3743:on 27 August 2017
3443:population.org.au
3282:on 23 March 2018.
3194:www.border.gov.au
3164:www.border.gov.au
3134:www.border.gov.au
3047:"Australia visas"
2618:Markus, Andrew. "
2521:. 25 March 2021.
2491:. 24 March 2021.
2285:Australian Senate
2257:, a columnist at
2174:In July 2005 the
2169:Monash University
2152:According to the
2127:Federal Treasurer
2107:Monash University
2032:population growth
1962:population growth
1923:Western Australia
1887:South Korean-born
1786:
1785:
1339:
1338:
1172:Migration program
1164:
1163:
953:South Sea Islands
606:
605:
374:
373:
136:COVID-19 pandemic
18:Bounty immigrants
16:(Redirected from
6111:
6068:Pitcairn Islands
6038:French Polynesia
6023:Christmas Island
5952:Papua New Guinea
5932:Marshall Islands
5905:Sovereign states
5891:
5884:
5877:
5868:
5867:
5844:
5837:
5830:
5706:Waste management
5587:
5586:
5508:Household income
5469:
5468:
5431:Governor-General
5241:Electoral system
5209:
5208:
5073:
5072:
4941:
4940:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4894:
4893:
4846:
4822:
4808:
4805:Culture Victoria
4795:
4786:"Chinese Museum"
4774:(ABC-CLIO, 2004)
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4652:. 29 July 2019.
4642:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4555:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4473:www.9news.com.au
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4390:
4384:
4371:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4306:
4300:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4271:. Archived from
4270:
4262:
4256:
4243:
4237:
4224:
4218:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4192:. Archived from
4182:
4176:
4162:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4137:. 13 June 2007.
4127:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4050:. Edward Elgar.
4043:
4037:
4024:
4018:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3984:. 25 July 2006.
3974:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3957:
3946:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3894:. Archived from
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3839:. Archived from
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3787:on 20 July 2014.
3783:. Archived from
3777:
3771:
3770:
3769:on 2 April 2014.
3765:. Archived from
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3739:. Archived from
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3716:
3705:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3638:
3632:
3620:Nilsson (2005)
3618:
3612:
3600:Claus, E (2005)
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3575:. Archived from
3574:
3566:
3555:
3542:
3536:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3471:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3440:
3432:
3426:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3396:on 24 March 2012
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3296:. Archived from
3290:
3284:
3283:
3278:. Archived from
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3252:. Archived from
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3200:on 21 March 2017
3196:. Archived from
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3022:. Archived from
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2856:. Archived from
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2822:"Ten Pound Poms"
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2790:"Ten Pound Poms"
2786:
2780:
2779:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2682:. Archived from
2676:
2670:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2646:. 22 April 2024.
2636:
2630:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2596:. Archived from
2590:
2584:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2466:. 30 June 2019.
2461:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2390:
2307:
2305:Australia portal
2302:
2301:
2300:
1945:Papua New Guinea
1927:Singaporean-born
1860:
1841:
1835:
1828:
1822:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1776:
1775:
1756:
1755:
1739:
1738:
1722:
1721:
1705:
1704:
1688:
1687:
1671:
1670:
1654:
1653:
1637:
1636:
1620:
1619:
1603:
1602:
1586:
1585:
1569:
1568:
1552:
1551:
1535:
1534:
1518:
1517:
1501:
1500:
1448:
1447:
1276:South-East Asia
1268:North-East Asia
1249:
1245:
1131:
1130:
1116:
1115:
1101:
1100:
1081:
1080:
1066:
1065:
1051:
1050:
1031:
1030:
1016:
1015:
1001:
1000:
981:
980:
966:
965:
951:
950:
931:
930:
916:
915:
901:
900:
894:
893:
874:
873:
859:
858:
844:
843:
824:
823:
809:
808:
794:
793:
774:
773:
759:
758:
744:
743:
724:
723:
709:
708:
694:
693:
674:
673:
659:
658:
644:
643:
616:
612:
444:
443:
435:multiculturalism
402:In 1954, 50,000
378:Great Depression
332:
331:
319:Egon Erwin Kisch
286:
283:
192:Papua New Guinea
124:multiculturalism
21:
6119:
6118:
6114:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6108:
6089:
6088:
6087:
6082:
6010:
6004:
5987:
5981:
5962:Solomon Islands
5900:
5895:
5865:
5860:
5847:
5840:
5833:
5826:
5813:
5774:Public holidays
5715:
5659:Life expectancy
5572:
5454:
5405:
5194:
5166:
5152:Protected areas
5058:
4997:
4930:
4921:
4878:
4865:Wayback Machine
4811:
4799:
4784:
4699:
4697:Further reading
4694:
4689:Wayback Machine
4675:
4670:
4669:
4659:
4657:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4629:
4627:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4599:
4597:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4573:
4571:
4556:
4549:
4539:
4537:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4512:
4510:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4482:
4480:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4417:
4413:
4403:
4401:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4381:Wayback Machine
4372:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4338:
4334:
4324:
4322:
4307:
4303:
4297:Wayback Machine
4287:
4283:
4275:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4253:Wayback Machine
4244:
4240:
4235:Wayback Machine
4225:
4221:
4216:Wayback Machine
4205:
4201:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4173:Wayback Machine
4163:
4154:
4144:
4142:
4129:
4128:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4085:
4083:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4044:
4040:
4035:Wayback Machine
4025:
4021:
4015:Wayback Machine
4005:
4001:
3991:
3989:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3944:
3938:
3934:
3924:
3922:
3907:
3903:
3882:
3878:
3868:
3866:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3827:
3823:
3813:
3811:
3796:
3792:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3746:
3744:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3682:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3658:
3656:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3630:Wayback Machine
3619:
3615:
3610:Wayback Machine
3599:
3595:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3558:
3553:Wayback Machine
3543:
3539:
3534:Wayback Machine
3524:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3484:
3482:
3473:
3472:
3465:
3455:
3453:
3452:on 27 June 2008
3449:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3423:Wayback Machine
3413:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3256:on 1 April 2018
3248:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3226:. 25 May 2017.
3218:
3217:
3213:
3203:
3201:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3143:
3141:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3113:
3111:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2985:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2827:Museum Victoria
2820:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2803:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2730:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2664:Wayback Machine
2655:
2651:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2627:Wayback Machine
2617:
2613:
2603:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2582:Wayback Machine
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2410:
2408:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2216:
2207:
2205:Social cohesion
2123:
2077:
2041:
1989:
1958:
1947:(52.4%) and in
1931:New South Wales
1905:Sri Lankan-born
1893:, and 59.4% of
1875:New South Wales
1864:
1863:
1842:
1838:
1829:
1825:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1770:
1750:
1733:
1716:
1699:
1682:
1665:
1648:
1631:
1614:
1597:
1580:
1563:
1546:
1529:
1512:
1495:
1471:Australian-born
1460:Place of birth
1436:
1430:
1379:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1180:
1174:
1169:
1125:
1110:
1095:
1075:
1060:
1045:
1025:
1010:
995:
975:
960:
945:
925:
910:
895:
888:
868:
853:
838:
818:
803:
788:
768:
753:
738:
718:
703:
688:
668:
653:
638:
611:
396:
394:New Australians
388:Main articles:
386:
284:
274:
268:
256:
210:
204:
198:out of Africa.
180:
174:
69:New South Wales
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6117:
6107:
6106:
6101:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6058:Norfolk Island
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6018:American Samoa
6014:
6012:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5991:
5989:
5988:of New Zealand
5983:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5901:
5894:
5893:
5886:
5879:
5871:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5846:
5845:
5838:
5831:
5823:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5725:
5723:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5590:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5568:Welfare system
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5543:Superannuation
5540:
5538:Stock exchange
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5501:Public housing
5496:Home ownership
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5472:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5443:Prime Minister
5440:
5439:
5438:
5428:
5427:
5426:
5415:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5401:Shadow Cabinet
5398:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5381:
5379:Public Service
5376:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5287:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5260:
5255:
5253:Federal budget
5250:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5212:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5176:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5085:Climate change
5082:
5076:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5014:Constitutional
5011:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4920:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4884:
4877:
4876:External links
4874:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4843:SA History Hub
4834:
4829:
4823:
4809:
4797:
4781:
4780:
4776:
4775:
4768:
4761:
4751:
4741:
4731:
4721:
4714:
4709:Burnley, I.H.
4707:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4637:
4607:
4581:
4547:
4520:
4490:
4460:
4430:
4425:The Advertiser
4411:
4385:
4363:
4332:
4301:
4281:
4257:
4238:
4219:
4199:
4177:
4152:
4119:
4108:on 2 June 2011
4093:
4063:
4057:978-1858987248
4056:
4038:
4019:
3999:
3969:
3932:
3901:
3891:The Australian
3876:
3846:
3836:The Australian
3821:
3790:
3772:
3754:
3728:
3692:
3666:
3633:
3613:
3593:
3582:on 3 June 2011
3556:
3537:
3518:
3492:
3463:
3427:
3407:
3381:
3355:
3329:
3303:
3285:
3267:
3241:
3211:
3181:
3151:
3121:
3090:
3064:
3037:
3020:"Visa listing"
3010:
2993:www.aph.gov.au
2979:
2967:
2956:
2945:
2934:
2923:
2912:
2901:
2884:www.aph.gov.au
2871:
2845:
2813:
2781:
2749:
2742:
2721:
2689:
2671:
2649:
2631:
2611:
2600:on 7 July 2018
2585:
2566:
2549:www.abs.gov.au
2536:
2506:
2476:
2448:
2422:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2292:
2289:
2281:Pauline Hanson
2273:Lowy Institute
2234:advocating a '
2224:Peter Costello
2215:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2130:Peter Costello
2122:
2119:
2076:
2073:
2045:Macquarie Bank
2040:
2037:
2023:climate change
2002:, showing its
1988:
1985:
1957:
1954:
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1938:
1920:
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1845:Mainland China
1836:
1832:United Kingdom
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1807:Mainland China
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1537:Mainland China
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424:Ten Pound Poms
404:Dutch migrants
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158:asylum seekers
116:Eastern Europe
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6053:New Caledonia
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5674:Ethnic groups
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5367:Republicanism
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4743:Jupp, James.
4742:
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4733:Jupp, James.
4732:
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4723:Jupp, James.
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4190:www.pc.gov.au
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2763:The Lone Hand
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2260:Fairfax Media
2256:
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2244:Australia Day
2241:
2237:
2236:Big Australia
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2100:
2096:
2093:According to
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2072:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2036:
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2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2015:overpopulated
2012:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1977:trade balance
1974:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:and 41.6% of
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1879:Lebanese-born
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
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1833:
1827:
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1781:
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1741:United States
1737:
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6009:Dependencies
5995:Cook Islands
5911:
5842:Bibliography
5729:Architecture
5686:Prostitution
5669:Demographics
5643:
5634:Homelessness
5533:Reserve Bank
5347:Conservatism
5295:Constitution
5263:Human rights
5221:Constitution
5172:Subdivisions
4953:Bibliography
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2255:Ross Gittins
2252:
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2158:Ross Gittins
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2110:
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2008:
2004:urban sprawl
1966:
1959:
1935:British-born
1917:Italian-born
1909:Turkish-born
1895:Chinese-born
1865:
1839:
1826:
1801:
1792:
1605:South Africa
1488:
1483:
1476:
1468:
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1437:
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1226:
1220:
1215:Family visas
1214:
1208:
1198:
1193:
1033:South Africa
619:
432:
412:World War II
409:
375:
323:
300:
257:
239:Second Fleet
223:
181:
151:
140:
131:
106:from across
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77:World War II
65:penal colony
59:
44:
26:
5942:New Zealand
5804:Anglosphere
5644:Immigration
5609:Citizenship
5476:Agriculture
5362:Nationalism
5305:Enforcement
5278:Transgender
5112:Earthquakes
5100:Environment
5034:Immigration
4963:Archaeology
4839:"Migration"
4796:(Melbourne)
4453:28 December
4145:20 February
4086:27 November
3992:20 February
3869:28 December
3814:28 December
3747:18 December
3721:28 December
3057:22 December
2559:25 December
2271:In 2019, a
2240:Tony Abbott
2228:Kim Beazley
2220:John Howard
2147:John Howard
1987:Environment
1967:In 2002, a
1949:New Zealand
1911:, 49.4% of
1907:, 50.1% of
1891:Fijian-born
1889:, 59.4% of
1885:, 63.0% of
1881:, 63.1% of
1868:2006 Census
1821:separately.
1707:South Korea
1571:Philippines
1554:New Zealand
1003:British Raj
968:New Zealand
876:Philippines
861:Netherlands
846:New Zealand
726:New Zealand
285: 1885
244:Third Fleet
234:First Fleet
230:Sydney Cove
143:immigration
6093:Categories
5794:Television
5764:Literature
5649:Irreligion
5629:Healthcare
5624:Euthanasia
5604:Censorship
5411:Government
5357:Liberalism
5327:Parliament
5039:Indigenous
5029:Federation
5019:Diplomatic
4993:Since 1945
4958:Prehistory
3527:Locked out
3322:23 October
3030:23 January
2776:Q118696098
2644:BCG Global
2375:References
2232:Kevin Rudd
2075:Employment
1941:Queensland
1913:Greek-born
1883:Iraqi-born
1477:18,043,310
1176:See also:
1160:2 542 443
1068:Yugoslavia
680:1 087 756
218:Botany Bay
182:The first
55:New Guinea
5912:Australia
5701:Squatting
5654:Languages
5619:Education
5599:Aged care
5563:Transport
5372:Socialism
5352:Far-right
5342:Christian
5337:Anarchism
5300:Judiciary
5236:Donations
5231:Elections
5142:Mountains
5090:Continent
5068:Geography
4988:1901–1945
4983:1851–1900
4978:1788–1850
4924:Australia
3925:8 January
3659:4 January
3204:2 January
3174:2 January
3144:2 January
2703:Angelfire
2380:Citations
2105:In 2016,
1996:Melbourne
1853:Hong Kong
1815:Hong Kong
1758:Hong Kong
1656:Sri Lanka
1489:7,653,990
1393:services.
1316:Americas
1133:Sri Lanka
599:2023-2024
591:2018-2019
583:2017-2018
575:2016-2017
567:2015-2016
503:2004–2005
495:2003–2004
433:In 1973,
367:1941–1980
359:1901–1940
351:1861–1900
343:1831–1860
184:migration
5927:Kiribati
5851:Category
5696:Religion
5594:Abortion
5548:Taxation
5317:Monarchy
5312:Military
5268:Intersex
5204:Politics
5185:Capitals
5049:Monarchy
5044:Military
5024:Economic
5002:By topic
4948:Timeline
4928:articles
4861:Archived
4685:Archived
4654:Archived
4630:8 August
4624:Archived
4600:8 August
4594:Archived
4568:Archived
4534:Archived
4513:8 August
4507:Archived
4483:8 August
4477:Archived
4447:Archived
4398:Archived
4377:Archived
4350:Archived
4319:Archived
4315:triple j
4293:Archived
4249:Archived
4231:Archived
4212:Archived
4210:, p. 73
4169:Archived
4139:Archived
4080:Archived
4031:Archived
4011:Archived
3986:Archived
3962:14 March
3953:Archived
3919:Archived
3863:Archived
3808:Archived
3804:ABC News
3679:Archived
3653:Archived
3626:Archived
3606:Archived
3549:Archived
3530:Archived
3505:Archived
3479:Archived
3419:Archived
3374:24 April
3368:Archived
3342:Archived
3316:Archived
3228:Archived
3168:Archived
3138:Archived
3108:Archived
3104:ABC News
3083:27 April
3077:Archived
3051:Archived
2997:Archived
2888:Archived
2864:18 April
2800:Archived
2772:Wikidata
2708:Archived
2667:ABC News
2660:Archived
2623:Archived
2604:21 April
2578:Archived
2553:Archived
2529:14 April
2523:Archived
2499:14 April
2493:Archived
2468:Archived
2405:Archived
2291:See also
2279:Senator
1951:(38.2%).
1901:Victoria
1782:103,710
1765:104,760
1745:110,160
1728:111,030
1711:111,530
1694:131,830
1677:132,590
1673:Scotland
1660:146,950
1643:177,460
1639:Malaysia
1626:177,840
1609:200,240
1592:270,340
1575:310,050
1558:564,840
1541:650,640
1524:721,050
1507:980,360
1451:Source:
1203:457 visa
1154:215 589
1137:109 850
1087:138 363
1083:Malaysia
1037:162 450
987:174 042
937:219 351
880:232 391
830:455 385
780:509 558
730:518 462
715:119 897
700:184 085
665:616 532
650:495 504
609:Overview
602:190,000
594:190,000
586:190,000
578:190,000
570:190,000
562:190,000
554:190,000
546:185,000
538:171,318
530:158,630
522:148,200
514:142,933
506:120,060
498:114,360
490:108,070
112:Southern
92:Scotland
6073:Tokelau
5977:Vanuatu
5828:Outline
5799:Theatre
5789:Symbols
5754:Cuisine
5721:Culture
5582:Society
5558:Tourism
5528:Poverty
5464:Economy
5246:Parties
5147:Regions
5137:Islands
5132:Geology
5127:Forests
5095:Deserts
5080:Climate
5054:Railway
4936:History
4757:(2010)
4747:(2002)
4737:(2004)
4727:(2007)
4673:Sources
4660:23 July
4574:23 July
4540:19 June
4404:14 July
4112:14 July
4076:The Age
3685:14 July
3586:14 July
3511:14 July
3485:14 July
3400:14 July
3260:1 April
3234:27 June
3114:22 July
3003:22 July
2894:13 June
2838:14 June
2806:14 June
2135:subsidy
1724:Germany
1588:Vietnam
1503:England
1455:(2020)
1311:11,369
1303:16,445
1295:25,174
1287:28,525
1279:31,488
1271:37,235
1263:58,232
1252:Region
1188:Pyrmont
1148:47 463
1122:19 988
1103:Denmark
1072:22 856
1022:25 862
972:43 350
933:Vietnam
922:47 673
918:Ireland
865:52 035
850:25 788
815:56 594
800:29 907
765:65 422
761:Germany
750:38 352
696:Ireland
487:2002–03
482:85 000
479:2001–02
474:76 000
471:2000–01
466:70 000
463:1999–00
458:68 000
455:1998–99
370:52,960
362:10,662
354:10,087
346:18,268
307:Chinese
100:Germany
88:Ireland
84:England
62:British
6048:Hawaii
5972:Tuvalu
5856:Portal
5749:Cinema
5691:Racism
5664:People
5523:Mining
5486:Energy
5481:Dollar
5226:Courts
5216:Asylum
5190:Cities
5157:Rivers
5105:issues
4926:
4720:(1998)
4713:(2001)
4706:(1997)
4054:
3456:20 May
2774:
2740:
2411:5 June
2185:Using
2017:. The
1849:Taiwan
1811:Taiwan
1778:Greece
1469:Total
1327:7,306
1319:9,687
1157:Other
1151:Other
1145:Other
1107:6 281
1057:7 448
1018:Greece
1007:7 637
957:9 128
907:9 863
811:Poland
447:Period
410:After
335:Period
220:, 1792
108:Europe
5967:Tonga
5957:Samoa
5947:Palau
5937:Nauru
5835:Index
5784:Sport
5779:Radio
5769:Music
5759:Dance
5711:Women
5614:Crime
5518:Media
5384:Women
5122:Fauna
5117:Flora
4356:4 May
4325:4 May
4276:(PDF)
4269:(PDF)
3956:(PDF)
3945:(PDF)
3715:(PDF)
3704:(PDF)
3580:(PDF)
3573:(PDF)
3450:(PDF)
3439:(PDF)
3348:4 May
2471:(PDF)
2460:(PDF)
2370:Notes
2009:Some
1969:CSIRO
1857:Macau
1819:Macau
1690:Nepal
1622:Italy
1520:India
1118:Malta
983:Italy
826:India
796:China
776:China
711:Italy
630:2016
627:1954
624:1901
96:China
6043:Guam
6000:Niue
5922:Fiji
5739:Arts
5448:list
5436:list
5424:list
5273:LGBT
4662:2020
4632:2018
4602:2018
4576:2020
4542:2006
4515:2018
4485:2018
4455:2019
4406:2011
4358:2020
4327:2020
4147:2020
4114:2011
4088:2007
4052:ISBN
3994:2020
3964:2018
3927:2017
3871:2019
3816:2019
3749:2014
3723:2019
3687:2011
3661:2021
3588:2011
3513:2011
3487:2011
3458:2015
3402:2011
3376:2021
3350:2020
3324:2012
3262:2018
3236:2018
3206:2017
3176:2017
3146:2017
3116:2020
3085:2020
3059:2011
3032:2018
3005:2020
2896:2018
2866:2017
2840:2009
2808:2009
2738:ISBN
2716:2018
2606:2017
2561:2022
2531:2021
2501:2021
2443:2007
2413:2008
2226:and
2081:list
2055:The
1855:and
1817:and
1385:The
1335:492
1092:10.
559:2013
551:2012
543:2011
535:2008
527:2007
519:2006
511:2005
392:and
301:The
190:and
128:Asia
114:and
98:and
90:and
53:and
5734:Art
5290:Law
2519:ABC
2489:ABC
1761:SAR
1042:9.
992:8.
942:7.
885:6.
835:5.
785:4.
735:3.
685:2.
635:1.
228:of
164:of
147:BCG
67:in
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