Blond - Knowledge

1847: 614: 605: 2083: 1377: 221: 1053: 1943: 1961: 1676: 1117: 1072: 3390:: "By examining simple phenotypes (Table S 3) we see that Southern Arc individuals have a lower frequency of light hair, blond hair, blue eyes, and pale skin compared to non-Southern Arc ones, a finding that is in agreement with the ancient sources that commented on the appearance of Celts, Germans, and Scytho-Sarmatians from Europe and Central Asia...The Beaker group (with a large sample size) stands out with its higher frequency of blue eyes and blond hair... suggesting a turnover of phenotypes before the time of the written sources." 1108: 1035: 3374:, p. 23: "Similarly, blond hair was inferred for 1/34 individuals of the combined Yamnaya and Afanasievo cluster, but reached ~14-60% in the aforementioned later steppe groups. Interestingly, light pigmentation phenotype prevalence was nominally higher in the Beaker group than in Corded Ware than in the Yamnaya cluster (where as we have seen it was rare), in reverse relationship to steppe ancestry, and thus inconsistent with the theory that steppe groups were spreading this set of phenotypes" 478: 728:, with no Steppe ancestry. He also observed that blond hair was rare in the available samples for early Bronze Age Steppe groups, yet common in the later Bronze Age groups, which is inconsistent with the theory that Steppe populations spread the phenotype for blond hair. However, this is consistent with a phenotype turnover occurring within the Steppe pastoralists, leading to a shift towards blond hair becoming a common hair color in the later Steppe-derived populations of 880: 98:. The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some yellowish color. The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish "strawberry" blond or golden-brownish ("sandy") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin). Occasionally, the state of being blond, and specifically the occurrence of blond traits in a predominantly dark or colored population are referred to as 44: 1368: 5580:"There is also the problem of hair and eyes: light-haired and light-eyed Russian heroines usually stir little emotion among Central Asian students whose ideal beauty has black hair and black eyes. Teachers had to work very hard indeed to overcome the aversion to the concept of a blonde, blue-eyed beauty. Even artistic representation was of little help." 2179:'s screen persona centered on her blonde hair and the stereotypes associated with it, especially dumbness, naïveté, sexual availability and artificiality. She often used a breathy, childish voice in her films, and in interviews gave the impression that everything she said was "utterly innocent and uncalculated", parodying herself with 604: 1993:

preferred dark haired women rather than women with blond hair. A 2018 study based on University of Florida students found that men prefer brunette women over blonde women. Swami, et al. (2008) suggested that men may prefer women with dark hair because they are predominant in the fashion and modelling

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and the Mediterranean seacoast; 26% of the French population have blond or light brown hair. A 2007 study of French females showed that by then roughly 20% were blonde, although half of these blondes were fully fake. Roughly ten percent of French females are natural blondes, of which 60% bleach their

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290 BC) protests that "no chaste woman ought to make her hair yellow". At another point, he deplores blond hair dye as dangerous: "What can we women do wise or brilliant, who sit with hair dyed yellow, outraging the character of gentlewomen, causing the overthrow of houses, the ruin of nuptials, and

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Japanese research in 2006 found that the genetic mutation that prompted the evolution of blond hair dates to the ice age that happened around 11,000 years ago. Since then, the 17,000-year-old remains of a blonde–haired North Eurasian hunter-gatherer have been found in eastern Siberia, suggesting an

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from China, a subgroup of Hmong people, have been described as having blue eyes and blonde hair. F.M Savina of the Paris Foreign missionary society wrote that the Miao are "pale yellow in complexion, almost white, their hair is often light or dark brown, sometimes even red or corn-silk blond, and a

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France as a whole finds but 4 per cent of black and near-black hair color, 23 per cent of dark brown, 43 per cent of medium brown, 14 per cent of light brown, 12 per cent of various degrees of blond, and some 4 per cent of reddish-brown and red. The regional distribution of hair color in France

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that came to be known as "Monroeisms". For example, when she was asked what she had on in a 1949 nude photo shoot, she replied, "I had the radio on". Monroe often wore white to emphasize her blondeness, and drew attention by wearing revealing outfits that showed off her figure. Although Monroe's

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of black-haired Japanese women. In 2014, a study found that blond-haired Swedish women were ranked below Chinese women in the female beauty hierarchy. According to the author, the blonde hair of Swedish women reduced their femininity, because it was seen as a Western trait. These women's Swedish

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dyes or colored powders. Blond dye was highly expensive, took great effort to apply, and smelled repugnant, but none of these factors inhibited Greek prostitutes from dying their hair. As a result of this and the natural rarity of blond hair in the Mediterranean region, by the fourth century BC,

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border divides the country into a northeastern quadrant, in which the hair is somewhat lighter than medium, and a southwestern, in which it is somewhat darker. High ratios of black and very dark brown hair are found not in the typically Alpine country, but along the slope of the Pyrenees, in

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Because of blond hair's relative commonness in northern Europe, folk tales from these regions tend to feature large numbers of blond protagonists, although these stories may not have been seen by their original tellers as idealizing blond hair. Furthermore, it is noted that there is also a

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for blond hair entered continental Europe by way of a massive population migration from the Eurasian steppe, by a people who had substantial Ancient North Eurasian ancestry. Blond hair has been discovered in human burial sites in north-western China and Mongolia dating to the Iron Age.

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630–570 BC) wrote that purple-colored wraps as headdress were good enough, except if the hair was blond: "...for the girl who has hair that is yellower than a torch with wreaths of flowers in bloom." Sappho also praises Aphrodite for her golden hair, stating that since

764:, only around five percent of adults in Europe and North America are naturally blond. A study conducted in 2003 concluded that only four percent of American adults are naturally blond. A significant number of Caucasian women who have blonde hair have dyed it that way. 3450:

Both Neolithic farmer- and Steppe-associated ancestries have higher scores for blonde and light brown hair, whereas the hunter-gatherer-associated ancestries have higher scores for dark brown hair and CHG-associated ancestries had the highest score for black

1754:(1404) that "there is nothing in the world lovelier on a woman's head than beautiful blond hair". In medieval artwork, female saints are often shown with long, shimmering blond hair, which emphasizes their holiness and virginity. At the same time, however, 3406:: "The frequency of these traits could have been shaped by migration or by selection, but is more complex than simplistic stories, e.g., of these traits arising due to sexual selection in boreal hunter-gatherers(75) or spread by steppe Indo-Europeans.(68)" 621: 2191:

scores similar to the average IQ of non-blond white Americans, and that white women with natural blond hair in fact had a slightly higher average IQ score (103.2) than white women with red hair (101.2), or black hair (100.5). Although many consider

2308:"But whatever the evolutionary causes of blond and red hair, their spread in Europe had little to do with their possible innate attractiveness and much to do with the success of the all-conquering herders from the steppes who carried these genes." 2066:) blond men are often seen as symbolizing western masculinity: excessively manly, flirtatious, and sexually attractive. Depictions of relations between blond European men and dark-haired Arab women have even been used as an allegory for European 736:. Lazaridis further wrote that the frequencies of traits like blonde hair could have been shaped by mass migration or selection; but that it is more complex than "simple stories" of sexual selection, or of spreading by Steppe pastoralists. 2107:

are a class of jokes based on the stereotype of blonde women as unintelligent. In Brazil, this extends to blonde women being looked down upon, as reflected in sexist jokes, as also sexually licentious. It is believed the originator of the

4820: 871:. "Of those whose hair was preserved 54% were blondes or redheads, and the percentage grows to 87% when light-brown hair color is added." Excavations have been ongoing since the 1980s. Burials seem to be clustered by hair-colour. 4617: 1208:

probably reflect the colors the artists saw in natural hair; these colors include a broad diversity of shades of blond, red and brown. The minority of statues with blond hair range from strawberry blond up to platinum blond.

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between 1859 and 1863 on the records of the National Conscription Service showed that 8.2% of Italian men exhibited blond hair; blondism frequency displayed a wide degree of regional variation, ranging from around 12.6% in

705:. Gavin Evans analyzed several years of research on the origin of European blond hair, and concluded that the widespread presence of blond hair in Europe is largely due to the territorial expansions of the "all-conquering" 965:, originally from northern China, were historically recorded as having blonde hair and blue eyes by the Chinese in ancient times, but their features became darker as they migrated out of China and in to Southeast Asia. 1880:

and other propaganda. Writer R. Horrocks noted that totalitarianism reached a ludicrous extreme in Nazi society, where "men were virile blond warriors, women were breeders, and gay men were killed in the death camps".

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Because hair color tends to darken with age, natural blond hair is significantly less common in adulthood. Naturally-occurring blond hair is primarily found in people living in or descended from people who lived in

6555: 3362:: "Blond hair was present in the Neolithic of Anatolia (Turkey) at Barcın(5), Chalcolithic Southeastern Europe (Romania at Bodrogkeresztur), Chalcolithic of the Levant (Israel)(70), and a Minoan from Lasithi.(4)" 2184:

typecast screen persona as a dim-witted but sexually attractive blonde was a carefully crafted act, audiences and film critics believed it to be her real personality and did not realize that she was only acting.

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Aphrodite is commonly described as "golden" in ancient sources. The adective is variously seen as referring either to golden hair, the gold adornments of her statues, her glimmering beauty, or the riches of her

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preferred to cast blonde women for major roles in his films as he believed that the audience would suspect them the least, comparing them to "virgin snow that shows up the bloody footprints", hence the term

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Tamagnini Eusebio: "A Pigmentacao dos Portugueses". Coimbra: Universidade de Coimbra. Instituto de Antropologia Portuguesa, 1936. Contribuicoes para o Estudo da Antropologia Portuguesa. Vol. VI, no. 2, pp.

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A 2024 study found that both Neolithic farmer and Steppe-associated ancestries were more significantly associated with blond hair, while European hunter gatherers tended to have dark or even black hair.

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of Sparta praised golden hair as one of the most desirable qualities of a beautiful woman, describing in various poems "the girl with the yellow hair" and a girl "with the hair like purest gold".

114:, due to northern Europe's lower levels of sunlight. Blond hair has also developed in other populations, although it is usually not as common, and can be found among the native populations of the 709:; who carried the genes for blond hair. A review article published in 2020 analyzes fossil data from a wide variety of published sources. The authors affirm the previous statements, noting that 338:

propounds that, as "a blonde" (just so, with "blonde" as noun) might not uncommonly be used to describe a woman, but less often "a blond" used to describe a man, the term is an example of a "

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students, in particular, regarded blonde women as "hideous", and insisted that their hair be changed to black. Popular television commercials in Japan have portrayed blonde women as highly

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In contrast, geneticist Iosif Lazaridis questioned whether or not blond hair could have originated from the migration of Steppe peoples. He found evidence for blond individuals in ancient

1340:, represented the goddess' hair using gold leaf and contributed to the popularity of the image of Aphrodite as a blonde goddess. Greek prostitutes frequently dyed their hair blond using 4614: 4030: 515:: when distinguished from other varieties, "blond" by itself refers to a light but not whitish blond, with no traces of red, gold, or brown; this color is often described as "flaxen". 3679: 3519: 4700: 4812: 5296: 1700:

Medieval Scandinavian art and literature often places emphasis on the length and color of a woman's hair, considering long, blond hair to be the ideal, as it was associated with

330:, with its continued gender–varied usage, is one of the few adjectives in written English to retain separate lexical genders. The two forms, however, are pronounced identically. 4077: 4670: 474:

Various subcategories of blond hair have been defined to describe the different shades and sources of the hair color more accurately. Common examples include the following:

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speakers, and of others directly across the Channel from England in Normandy, seems to be nearly as light as that in the southern English counties; the coastal cantons of

1190:, the Greek goddess of love and beauty, was often described as golden-haired and portrayed with this color hair in art. Aphrodite's master epithet in the Homeric epics is 685:, the classic European blond hair mutation, entered continental Europe by way of a massive population migration from the Eurasian steppe, by a people who had substantial 6537: 2196:

to be harmless, the author of the study stated the stereotype can have serious negative effects on hiring, promotion and other social experiences. Rhiannon Williams of

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were a Mongolic-speaking ethnic group who were blond-haired and blue eyed. Blond hair can still be seen among people from the region they inhabited, even today. Some

5460:"Male and female hair color preferences: influences of familiarity, geographic region of origin, and environment on mate attraction in University of Tampa students" 4760: 3602:

follows closely that of stature. Although the position of the French in regard to hair pigmentation is intermediate between blond and black, the diagonal line from

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The notion that blonds are less intelligent is not grounded in fact. A 2016 study of 10,878 Americans found that both women and men with natural blond hair had

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returned with blond slaves. Sherrow also states that Roman women tried to lighten their hair, but the substances often caused hair loss, so they resorted to

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had come into common parlance to mean "an instance of a person, esp. a woman... being foolish or scatter-brained." Another hair color word of French origin,

1985:. However, studies which sought to verify this found no evidence for a general preference of blonde women among Western men. A 2008 study found that men in 4255: 1439:. The preference changed to bleaching the hair blond when Greek culture, which practiced bleaching, reached Rome, and was reinforced when the legions that 5384:

Jacobi, Lora; Cash, Thomas F. (1994). "In Pursuit of the Perfect Appearance: Discrepancies Among Self-Ideal Percepts of Multiple Physical Attributes 1".

3789: 5908: 3036: 1815:, stating, "yclothed was she fressh, for to devyse:/Hir yellow heer was broided in a tresse/Behinde hir bak, a yerde long, I gesse" (lines 1048–1050). 3763: 3416:

Irving-Pease, Evan K.; Refoyo-Martínez, Alba; Barrie, William (10 January 2024). "The selection landscape and genetic legacy of ancient Eurasians".

1929:. Kyllingstad sees classification of race based on physical characteristics such as hair color as a "flawed, pseudo-scientific relic of the past". 1643:

outside of Roman control. The gradual Roman conquest of Iberia was completed by the early 1st century AD. The Romans established provinces such as

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also records that that this term for fair hair as an adjective is especially used with reference to women, in which case it is likely to be spelt

3377: 1273:" (Ξανθίας), meaning "reddish blond", was a common name for slaves in ancient Greece and a slave by this name appears in many of the comedies of 613: 6528: 5226: 3393: 3349: 3179: 655:

known to carry the mutated allele rs12821256 of the KITLG gene, which is responsible for blond hair in modern Europeans, is a 17,000 year old

4022: 4693:"Maurus Servius Honoratus, Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil, SERVII GRAMMATICI IN VERGILII AENEIDOS LIBRVM QUARTVM COMMENTARIVS, line 698" 3671: 1725:, described as "the most beautiful woman in the world", is said to have had blond hair so long that it can "envelope her entirely". In the 1166:

the king of the Spartans is, together with some other Achaean leaders, portrayed as blond. Other blond characters in the Homeric poems are

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condition. In the same way, the northeastern French departments are probably as light-haired as some of the provinces of southern Germany.

3503: 6507: 6343: 4915: 4181: 4117: 3226: 5927: 4000: 3647:. In northern France it seems to follow upstream the rivers which empty into the Channel. The hair color of the departments occupied by 3269: 3075: 2997: 1797:

after seeing only a single lock of her long, blond hair. In fact, Iseult was so closely associated with blondness that, in the poems of

1071: 5280: 3922: 2814: 1899: 4053: 4288: 5783: 2752: 945:, blond hair has ancient roots in Asia. The derived allele responsible for blond hair in Europeans likely evolved first among the 6226: 2672: 1129: 1158:

Most people in ancient Greece had dark hair and, as a result of this, the Greeks found blond hair immensely fascinating. In the

2872: 5421:"The influence of skin tone, hair length, and hair colour on ratings of women's physical attractiveness, health and fertility" 4692: 4383: 3403: 3387: 3359: 2730: 6658: 6549: 6501: 6469: 6437: 6405: 6337: 6236: 6204: 6184: 6165: 6055: 6025: 6002: 5984: 5813: 5712: 5673: 5628: 5601: 5566: 5356: 5290: 5251: 5198: 5159: 5120: 4909: 4864: 3916: 3513: 3474: 2930: 2772: 2459: 2377: 2030:

husbands were highly attracted to local East Asian women, which further reduced the self-esteem of the blonde Swedish women.

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usages of the term. The masculine version is used in the plural, in "blonds of the European race", in a citation from 1833

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A typical explanation found in the scientific literature for the adaptation of light hair is related to the adaptation of

6307: 2944: 2886: 2828: 2686: 6538:"Chapter Five: Spinning Straw into Gold: Blond Hair and the Autobiographical Illusion in the Fiction of Esther Tusquets" 5644: 4662: 1495:(r. 161–169 AD) was said to sprinkle gold-dust on his already "golden" blond hair to make it even blonder and brighter. 6602:

Thomas, Jeannie B. (1997). "Dumb Blondes, Dan Quayle, and Hillary Clinton: Gender, Sexuality, and Stupidity in Jokes".

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is sometimes shown with long, blond hair, which frames her nude body and draws attention to her sexual attractiveness.

1750: 2482: 6581: 5096: 5014: 4969: 4945: 4739: 4649: 4278: 3220: 3148: 3114: 3069: 3030: 2991: 203:, the Celtic-origin legendary heroine, were both significantly portrayed as blonde. In contemporary Western culture, 4782: 1981: 1869:' was described as "embodying the ideal", a "large, strong man with broad shoulders and rugged, blond good looks". 670:

The precise genetic origin and spread of blond hair into its present-day distribution is a topic of debate amongst

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In contemporary Western popular culture, blonde women are sometimes stereotyped as being attractive. For example,

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steppe pastoralists likely caused the "rapid selective sweep in European populations toward light skin and hair."

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The Scandinavians were not the only ones to place strong emphasis on the beauty of blond hair; the French writer

803:, the national average of the population shows 11% of varying traces of blondism, peaking at 15% blond people in 5591: 4231: 5087:

Eric V. Alvarez (2002). "Cosmetics in Medieval and Renaissance Spain", in Janet Pérez and Maureen Ihrie (eds),

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often featured people with blond hair and blue eyes and other "Teutonic" traits, said to embody features of a "

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Antropometria Militare. Risultati Ottenuti Dallo Spoglio Dei Fogli Sanitarii Dei Militari Dello Classi 1859–63

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noted that the respectable matron was only black haired, never blonde. In the same passage, he mentioned that

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to describe flowers, "a variety of clay ironstone of the coal measures", "the colour of raw silk", a breed of

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are also occasionally used to refer to objects that have a color reminiscent of fair hair. For example, the

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thinkers promulgated the theory that human features such as blond hair and blue eyes were hallmarks of a "

2264: 2082: 1389: 3777:, ed. C. Wilfred Griggs, (Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1988), 74–84. 2487:

The American Heritage Book of English Usage. A Practical and Authoritative Guide to Contemporary English

284: 110:, and may have evolved alongside the development of light skin that enables more efficient synthesis of 5519:

Kreindler, Isabelle T. (1993). "A Second Missed Opportunity: Russian in Retreat as a Global Language".

4635: 2780: 1850: 1448: 713:-derived populations carried the derived blond hair allele to Europe, and that the "massive spread" of 2158:. This stereotype has become so ingrained it has spawned counter-narratives, such as in the 2001 film 1010:

are a Turkic ethnic group with an occasional occurrence of blond hair with freckles, blue-green eyes.

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is a Siberian fossil from Afontova Gora, in south-central Siberia. Reich has written that the derived

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wrote that some matrons would sprinkle golden dust on their hair to make it reddish-color. Emperor

1484: 942: 831:, the regional contrasts of blondism frequency are better shown, with a greater occurrence in the 678: 6785: 2651: 2625: 2599: 2573: 2535: 1675: 1561: 1418: 946: 35: 2842: 1455:

literary records describe a large number of well-known Roman historical personalities as blond.

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p.263: "A teacher had to make her pupils appreciate the beauty of a blonde blue-eyed maiden..."

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bodies of common people (i.e. not proper mummies) dating to Roman times have been found in the

710: 706: 686: 671: 656: 629: 486: 352:) records that the phrase "big blond beast" was used in the 20th-century to refer specifically 31: 17: 6491: 6327: 6177:

American Icons: An Encyclopedia of the People, Places, and Things that Have Shaped Our Culture

5924: 5618: 4940:. Translated by Thomas Dunlap. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. 4897: 4467: 4165: 4101: 3945: 3210: 2900: 2043:, and influenced both the 1980s fashion scene as well as many future female musicians such as 561: 409:

as meaning 'dark-complexioned' or a 'dark-complexioned person', citing a comparative usage of

235:), with characteristic blond hair which darkened with time as confirmed by his later effigies. 6332:, Jefferson, North Carolina and London, England: MacFarlane & Company, Inc., Publishers, 6257:

Mathieson, Iain; Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül; Posth, Cosimo; et al. (21 February 2018).

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industries, or because they may be perceived as healthier or more fertile than blonde women.

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What is the ideal German? Blond like Hitler, slim like Göring, masculine like Goebbels. . . .

1866: 1615:, whom he had recently freed after she'd been taken as a prisoner of war in the campaigns of 1572:. Sometimes entire Celtic and Germanic tribes were granted citizenship, such as when emperor 1410: 4090:"As the Hmong migrated over time out of China, the phenotype became lost and less frequent." 3902: 2806: 1798: 1763: 145:, the ancient Greek goddess of love and beauty, was described as having blonde hair. In the 6644: 6273: 6113: 5002: 4052:

Chao Romero, Robert; Ong, James; Guillermo-Wann, Chelsea; Logia, Jenifer (3 October 2019).

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in the 16th century the fashion (imported from Italy) was to dye their hair blond or red.

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There is some evidence that natural blond hair is associated with high levels of prenatal

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Classical masculinity and the spectacular body on film : the mighty sons of Hercules

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Rüger, C. (2004) . "Germany". In Alan K. Bowman; Edward Champlin; Andrew Lintott (eds.).

2198: 2120:(Paris 1775). Blonde actresses have contributed to this perception; some of them include 2037:

popularized the short, bleached-blond haircut after the release of her 1986 studio album

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were described with blond hair and blue eyes according to Chinese historical chronicles.

910:. This mutation is at a frequency of 26% in the Solomon Islands and is absent outside of 418: 6277: 6142: 6117: 6102:"A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia" 6101: 5704:

A Critical Ethnography of 'Westerners' Teaching English in China: Shanghaied in Shanghai

3830: 3623:-speaking country, and on the Mediterranean seacoast. Blond hair is commonest along the 3429: 1345:

blond hair was inextricably associated with prostitutes. The comic playwright Menander (

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belonged, were described by Mongol chronicles as blond haired in the 2nd millennium CE.

6744: 6619: 6383: 6375: 6294: 6089: 6081: 5479: 5397: 5220: 4639: 4212: 3883: 3847: 3812: 3099: 2744: 2279: 2044: 1785: 1745: 1116: 773: 477: 322: 271: 2664: 2338: 1876:, blond, stern-jawed men were seen as the masculine ideal as depicted in the films of 1733: 1560:. Some became Roman citizens as far back as the 1st century BC, following a policy of 804: 6754: 6749: 6577: 6545: 6522: 6497: 6465: 6433: 6401: 6387: 6333: 6299: 6232: 6200: 6180: 6161: 6129: 6093: 6051: 6021: 5998: 5980: 5809: 5708: 5669: 5624: 5597: 5562: 5536: 5471: 5440: 5436: 5401: 5352: 5348:

Robert Redford and American Cinema: Modern Film Stardom and the Politics of Celebrity

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For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming

4292: 4245: 4237: 4171: 4144: 4107: 4067: 3990: 3951: 3912: 3887: 3852: 3817: 3594: 3509: 3470: 3441: 3338: 3295: 3259: 3216: 3144: 3110: 3065: 3026: 2987: 2455: 2373: 2269: 2169: 2100: 1950: 1811:(written from 1387 until 1400), the knight describes the beautiful Princess Emily in 1636: 1596: 1592: 1300: 1296: 587: 490: 225: 204: 146: 3022:

In the Service of the Tsar Against Napoleon: The Memoirs of Denis Davidov, 1806–1814

2864: 2550:, s.v. Albinos. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great Britain, 1833). 1925:

that he said could categorize racial typology—these typologies were abandoned after

149:, blonde hair was frequently associated with prostitutes, who dyed their hair using 6667: 6611: 6367: 6289: 6281: 6137: 6121: 6073: 5528: 5432: 5393: 3875: 3842: 3834: 3648: 3620: 3433: 3328: 2954: 2896: 2838: 2722: 2696: 2230: 2150: 1877: 1802: 1767: 1535: 1249: 1204: 1018: 166: 87: 3466:

Sundial: Theoretical Relationships Between Psychological Type, Talent, and Disease

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sed nigrum flavo crinem abscondente galero intravit calidum veteri centone lupanar

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Who We are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past

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Chinese historical documents describe blond haired, blue-eyed warriors among the

891: 828: 780:, and darkness increases regularly and almost concentrically around this region. 761: 721: 694: 196: 150: 138: 115: 107: 48: 890:

Blonde hair is also found in some other parts of the South Pacific, such as the

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stereotype women are primarily defined by their physical characteristics." The

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black-haired ideal of female beauty in northern Europe, as shown in plays like

1722: 1693: 1680: 1620: 1584: 1539: 1531: 1488: 1316: 1281: 864: 848: 847:, where various shades of blond hair were present in 10–15% of the population, 839:, where the frequency in many of its districts was 0.5%. With the exception of 832: 452: 373: 301: 180: 179:

as what was then the ideal male warrior: handsome, tall, strong, and blond. In

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whose reputation of being beautiful but dumb inspired a play about her called

6800: 6726: 6358:

Olson, S. Douglas (January 1992), "Names and Naming in Aristophanic Comedy",

6133: 5540: 5475: 5405: 4962:

One Europe, Many Nations: a Historical Dictionary of European National Groups

4904:. Vol. 10 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 527–528. 4859:. Vol. 10 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 523–526. 3445: 2129: 2022: 1922: 1918: 1616: 1557: 1397: 1081: 981: 927: 698: 660: 625: 554: 437:, "The nation which resulted... being sometimes blonde, sometimes brunette." 365: 279:

later to become a general term for 'light complexioned'. This earlier use of

259: 6125: 5620:

White Migrations: Gender, Whiteness and Privilege in Transnational Migration

3838: 1967:, a well-known natural blond actor and "Male Sex Symbol of the Seventies". ( 421:

in saying, "The present contrast of blonds and brunets existed among them."

6303: 5444: 3856: 3724: 3342: 2494: 2490: 2014: 2010: 1998: 1926: 1885: 1873: 1862: 1834:, Spanish ladies preferred to dye their hair black, yet by the time of the 1640: 1492: 1452: 1432: 1422: 1414: 1324: 1278: 1274: 1183: 962: 815: 744: 733: 131: 5870: 3764:"Excavating a Christian Cemetery Near Selia, in the Fayum Region of Egypt" 6711: 6681: 4485: 3640: 2369:

From Tarzan to Homer Simpson: Education and the Male Violence of the West

2235: 2137: 2121: 2104: 2067: 2063: 2052: 1911: 1907: 1854: 1835: 1727: 1440: 1312: 1308: 1014: 903: 702: 434: 184: 6285: 5483: 5459: 4902:

The Cambridge Ancient History: X, The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C. – A.D. 69

4857:

The Cambridge Ancient History: X, The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C. – A.D. 69

4216: 2172:, succeeds at Harvard despite biases against her beauty and blond hair. 1224:

is free from rust, the goddess' golden hair represents her freedom from

6739: 6716: 6696: 6686: 4490: 3561: 2245: 2240: 2165: 2006: 1976: 1820: 1738: 1651:, whose red- and blond-haired descendants (which also include those of 1466: 1337: 1304: 1044: 931: 824: 777: 690: 638: 393: 244: 6623: 6379: 6085: 4813:"Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum, Book XV, chapter 12, section 1" 3607: 3333: 3316: 2548:

Penny cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge

2451:

From Bonbon to Cha-cha: Oxford Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases

1902:

Jon Røyne Kyllingstad has written that in the early twentieth-century

879: 187:, long and blonde hair was idealized as the paragon of female beauty. 6734: 6701: 6196:

Measuring the Master Race: Physical Anthropology in Norway, 1890–1945

5822: 4505: 2048: 2002: 1903: 1713: 1652: 1628: 1604: 1544: 1462: 1258: 1254: 1197: 1187: 992: 977: 922:

The higher frequencies of light hair in Asia are prevalent among the

840: 642: 154: 142: 111: 91: 6329:

Ambiguous Locks: An Iconology of Hair in Medieval Art and Literature

3549: 1599:

were formally established there. Yet as late as the 4th century AD,

645:

synthesis and northern Europe's seasonally reduced solar radiation.

624:

The mutation for blond hair is thought to have originated among the

6706: 6636: 6615: 6077: 5561:. Series on Development and Int'l. Avalon Publishing. p. 225. 4241: 4055:

Mixed Race Student Politics: A Rising "Third Wave" Movement at UCLA

3652: 3636: 2250: 2142: 1915: 1824: 1664: 1648: 1608: 1600: 1577: 1527: 1507: 1499: 1393: 1320: 1270: 1236: 1175: 1171: 1163: 1062: 844: 836: 800: 792: 788: 787:, according to a source published 1939, blondism is more common in 570: 494: 456: 377: 176: 43: 3813:"Melanesian Blond Hair Is Caused by an Amino Acid Change in TYRP1" 3644: 2103:" is also associated with being less serious or less intelligent. 1367: 1261:

who lived to the north as having reddish-blond hair. Because many

6432:, New York City: Anchor Books, A Division of Random House, Inc., 6429:

The Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Color in a New Millennium

4879: 4103:

A Global History of War: From Assyria to the Twenty-First Century

4051: 3632: 3415: 2274: 2034: 1990: 1790: 1612: 1551: 1519: 1498:

From an ethnic point of view, Roman authors associated blond and

1458: 1401: 1341: 1285: 1179: 1085: 1058: 1040: 996: 985: 969: 935: 923: 911: 895: 884: 714: 664: 141:, blonde hair has long been associated with beauty and vitality. 127: 119: 95: 3870:

Corbyn, Zoë (3 May 2012). "Blonde hair evolved more than once".

2483:"5. Gender: Sexist Language and Assumptions § 2. blond / brunet" 1741:

is considered to be the ancestor of the dominant warrior class.

288: 5623:. Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship. Palgrave Macmillan UK. 4284: 4233:

Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia

3947:

Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia

3628: 1794: 1762:

was so closely associated with blondness that, in the poems of

1759: 1624: 1530:, almost all the Gauls were "of tall stature, fair and ruddy". 1522:

wrote that "the Germans have fierce blue eyes, red-blond hair (

1511: 1480: 1475: 1266: 1240: 1229: 1212: 1167: 1007: 950: 835:, where the figure may be over 20%, and a lesser occurrence in 820: 784: 729: 725: 652: 339: 253: 247: 200: 5514: 5512: 5328: 5326: 4203:

Okada, Hidehiro (1986). "The Fall of the Uriyangqan Mongols".

3019:

Davydov, Denis Vasilʹevič (1999). Troubetzkoy, Gregory (ed.).

6426:

Russell-Cole, Kathy; Wilson, Midge; Hall, Ronald E. (2013) ,

5377: 4900:. In Alan K. Bowman; Edward Champlin; Andrew Lintott (eds.). 4524: 4512: 3615: 3611: 2206:

jokes are "one of the last 'acceptable' forms of prejudice".

1861:

In 'Mark Twain and the American West', American novel writer

1656: 1632: 1159: 1077: 1000: 907: 868: 860: 811: 697:, and is linked to the prediction of blond hair in stone-age 460: 171: 162: 5419:

Swami, Viren; Furnham, Adrian; Joshi, Kiran (October 2008).

5311: 827:. In a more detailed study from the 20th-century geneticist 5509: 5458:

Wortham, Jen; Miller, Abraham; Delvescovo, Daniela (2018).

5323: 4457: 4455: 4401: 4399: 4397: 2059: 2026: 1888:, did not possess these traits was noted with irony by the 1701: 1573: 1565: 1503: 1244: 1221: 1202:), which means "golden". The traces of hair color on Greek 1145: 1027: 899: 482: 463: 192: 153:

in order to attract more customers. The Greeks stereotyped

123: 6020:, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 5886: 5761: 5742:

Paragraph: The Journal of the Modern Critical Theory Group

5054: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5019: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4442: 4440: 4438: 3424:(7994). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 312–320. 3247: 3245: 1631:

appearance ultimately signified her true origins from the

902:, again with higher incidences in children. Blond hair in 6540:, in Molinaro, Nina L.; Pertusa-Seva, Inmaculada (eds.), 6064:

Eddy, Samuel (1977), "The Gold in the Athena Parthenos",

5665:

Men and Masculinities in Global English Language Teaching

4593: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4566: 4564: 4562: 3787:"Egyptian Cemetery May Contain a Million Mummies History" 3505:

Digit Ratio: A Pointer to Fertility, Behavior, and Health

2112:

was an eighteenth-century blonde French prostitute named

1823:

and other forms of entertainment portraying black-haired

1755: 1709: 1444: 689:

ancestry. Ancient North Eurasian admixture is present in

356:"of the Nordic type" (that is to say, blond-haired). The 188: 5593:

Beauty Imagined: A History of the Global Beauty Industry

5071: 5069: 5067: 5031: 4452: 4394: 2950:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

2892:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

2834:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

2692:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

2009:

women in the hierarchy of female attractiveness. In the

1469:

with a blond wig for her nightly visits to the brothel:

1323:), while also noting the golden hair of athletes at the 243:

is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from

5457: 5043: 4975: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4435: 4423: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4360: 3579:

Cavalli-Sforza, L., Menozzi, P. and Piazza, A. (1994).

3539: 3537: 3365: 3242: 2188: 2095:

portrayed a sexually attractive and naïve "dumb blonde"

6425: 5858: 4783:"Cornelius Tacitus, Germany and its Tribes, chapter 4" 4576: 4559: 4476:, pp. 87, 246–247, see image plates and captions. 4411: 4345: 3672:"5 millions de blondes en France, dont 50% de fausses" 3567: 3555: 1776:, the knight describes the Princess Emily as blond in 401:), functions in the same way in orthodox English. The 161:

as blond and the Romans associated blondness with the

6544:, Cambridge, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 5243:

Masculinity in Crisis: Myths, Fantasies And Realities

5089:

The Feminist Encyclopedia of Spanish Literature, A–M.

5064: 4956: 4954: 3811:

Kenny, Eimear E.; Timpson, Nicholas J. (4 May 2012).

1655:

origins) have continued to inhabit northern areas of

681:

said that the hundreds of millions of copies of this

4536: 4357: 4317: 3900: 3655:

are lighter than the inland ones, and approximate a

3534: 2979: 6231:, Cambridge, England: Cambridge Unviversity Press, 5151:

Nazi Characters in German Propaganda and Literature

1269:, slaves were stereotyped as blond or red-headed. " 525:: dark blond with flecks of golden blond and brown. 210: 5745:. Modern Critical Theory Group. 1986. p. 56. 4951: 3098: 3097:Browne, Ray Broadus; Kreiser, Lawrence A. (2003). 1092: 5503: 5451: 5418: 1556:, such as the cavalry contingents in the army of 995:tribe of Mongols, to which the military generals 6798: 6157:Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Behind the Legend 3284: 5915:, Economics Bulletin 36(1):401–410 · March 2016 5470:(1). Florida Academy of Sciences, Inc.: 33–54. 5091:153–155. Westport and London: Greenwood Press. 4167:Linguistic Mysteries of Ethnonyms in Inner Asia 4106:. University of California Press. p. 121. 3901:Shoumatoff, Nicholas; Shoumatoff, Nina (2000). 3215:(1 ed.). Simon and Schuster. p. 139. 2013:, Russian schoolteachers struggled to convince 1465:, Roman empress of noble birth, would hide her 6228:The Stagecraft and Performance of Roman Comedy 5799: 5558:Soviet Central Asia: The Failed Transformation 4342:, pp. 192–199. University of California Press. 4143:. Western Washington University. p. 169. 3196:Cambridge University Press, 1991, pp. 195–208. 3194:Biological Perspectives on Human Pigmentation. 1932: 1239:may have depicted the Greek goddess of wisdom 906:is caused by an amino acid change in the gene 258:, meaning 'a colour midway between golden and 6652: 5779:Revista Anagrama, Universidade de São Paulo, 5548: 4753:"P. Vergilius Maro, Aeneid, Book 8, line 630" 4724:The Antonines: The Roman Empire in Transition 3314: 3096: 3025:. Greenhill Books/Lionel Leventhal, Limited. 1892:. The most famous joke on the subject asked: 1514:describes the hair of the Gauls as "golden" ( 1311:. Additionally, the ancient Greek lyric poet 776:of both hair and eyes is lightest around the 481:Women with blond hair of different shades at 372:, which distinguishes genuine blondness as a 300:, taken from Old French, may derive from the 30:"Blonde" redirects here. For other uses, see 6573:The Poetics of Appearance in the Attic Korai 6259:"The genomic history of southeastern Europe" 6199:, Cambridge, England: Open Book Publishers, 5781:Stereotypes of women in blonde jokes pp. 6–8 5773: 3810: 3308: 3204: 3202: 2017:students that blue-eyed, blonde heroines in 6192: 5583: 5332: 5317: 5285:. Princeton University Press. p. 140. 5186: 3740: 3738: 2443: 2441: 1884:The fact that many Nazi leaders, including 1549: 1526:), huge (tall) frames"; in accordance with 1447:made from the captives' hair. According to 1026:Children from different ethnicities around 851:as a whole averaged between 2.5% and 7.4%. 429:, to describe a mixed-gender populace. The 304: 6659: 6645: 6542:Esther Tusquets: Scholarly Correspondences 6527:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5992: 5876: 5844: 5828: 5412: 5383: 5225:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3982: 3943: 3057: 2091:(1953), was one of several films in which 1900:Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology 1841: 949:. The earliest known individual with this 612: 169:to the north. In the ancient Greek world, 6366:(2), The Classical Association: 304–319, 6293: 6141: 6099: 5616: 5518: 4938:The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples 4845:. Edited by John Keegan. Cassell, p. 126. 4289:Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge 4099: 3863: 3846: 3712:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 3399: 3383: 3371: 3355: 3332: 3315:Carlberg, Carsten; Hanel, Andrea (2020). 3212:Skin Deep: Dispelling the Science of Race 3199: 3061:The Expansion of Everyday Life, 1860-1876 2516: 2514: 2512: 2447: 1330:The most famous statue of Aphrodite, the 595: 262:'. It gradually eclipsed the native term 6493:Encyclopedia of Hair: A Cultural History 6490:Sherrow, Victoria (2006), "Hair color", 6457: 6400:, New York City and London: Bloomsbury, 6325: 6224: 6150: 5943: 5239: 5108: 5058: 5037: 5025: 4990: 4964:. Westport and London: Greenwood Press. 4473: 4446: 4334: 4332: 4276: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3744: 3735: 3583:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 3581:The History and Geography of Human Genes 3508:. Rutgers University Press. p. 37. 2983:Ariadne's Thread: The Women in My Family 2438: 2081: 1979:popularized this idea in her 1925 novel 1959: 1941: 1865:'s depiction of Alexander the Great in ' 1845: 1674: 878: 476: 219: 42: 6569: 6489: 6464:, vol. I, London: Lund Humphries, 6048:Heavenly Bodies: Film Stars and Society 5944:Williams, Rhiannon (12 December 2013). 5700: 5661: 5610: 5554: 5278: 4597: 4570: 4417: 4405: 4229: 4138: 3501: 3018: 2365: 1801:, she is called "Iseult le Blonde". In 1766:, she is called "Iseult le Blonde". In 1587:had expanded its control into parts of 1336:, sculpted in the fourth century BC by 397:(from the same Germanic root that gave 215: 14: 6799: 6601: 6393: 6010: 5974: 5892: 5880: 5864: 5848: 5793: 5767: 5651:from the original on 26 February 2018. 5521:International Political Science Review 5193:. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire. 5147: 4642:; their Origin Expansion & Culture 4613:, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 136, 4553: 4530: 4518: 4370: 4351: 4323: 4100:Gžard, Chaliand; Wong, R. Bin (2014). 3869: 3682:from the original on 23 September 2017 3543: 3462: 3317:"Skin colour and vitamin D: An update" 3186: 3182:from the original on 16 December 2008. 3136: 3105:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 2755:from the original on 16 December 2008. 2509: 1783:In the older versions of the story of 1354:accusations on the part of children?" 1315:wrote of "the blonde daughters of the 1235:In the fifth century BC, the sculptor 814:, a study of Italian men conducted by 577:Artificially blond hair may be called 309:, meaning 'yellow'. The feminine form 60: 51:, who has blond hair and a blond beard 6640: 6576:, Austin: University of Texas Press, 6357: 5589: 5344: 5148:Lorenz, Dagmar C. G. (19 June 2018). 4895: 4854: 4823:from the original on 28 December 2016 4793:from the original on 27 December 2016 4703:from the original on 28 December 2016 4673:from the original on 28 December 2016 4663:"Juvenal, Satires, book 2, Satura VI" 4626: 4461: 4329: 4202: 3799: 3593:Coon, Carleton S. (27 January 2024). 3251: 3208: 2817:from the original on 29 October 2013. 976:culture from Mongolia, who practiced 74: 6666: 6496:, Westport, Connecticut and London, 6174: 6063: 6045: 5977:Marilyn: The Passion and the Paradox 5852: 5840: 5701:Stanley, Phiona (11 February 2013). 5590:Jones, Geoffrey (25 February 2010). 5386:Journal of Applied Social Psychology 5351:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 1. 4996: 4734:. London & New York: Routledge. 4429: 4163: 3752:. Turin: Union Tipografico-Editrice. 3723: 3592: 3568:Russell-Cole, Wilson & Hall 2013 3556:Russell-Cole, Wilson & Hall 2013 3409: 2475: 2058:Similarly in many eastern cultures ( 1130:Blond Kouros's Head of the Acropolis 651:(ADNA) has revealed that the oldest 632:(ANE) cline of south-central Siberia 313:was introduced in the 17th century. 6535: 5075: 4763:from the original on 31 August 2017 4230:Minahan, James (10 February 2014). 3294:. Quercus. 2018. pp. 124–125. 2980:Nenarokoff-Van Burek, Anne (2013). 2933:from the original on 22 April 2009. 2875:from the original on 24 April 2009. 2733:from the original on 24 April 2009. 2675:from the original on 24 April 2009. 1921:invented a hair palette called the 1409:: detail of athletic women in the " 24: 6590:from the original on 25 April 2023 6558:from the original on 25 April 2023 6510:from the original on 25 April 2023 6478:from the original on 25 April 2023 6446:from the original on 25 April 2023 6414:from the original on 25 April 2023 6346:from the original on 25 April 2023 6245:from the original on 25 April 2023 6213:from the original on 25 April 2023 6034:from the original on 25 April 2023 5425:Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 5398:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00588.x 5279:Proctor, Robert N. (5 June 2018). 5207:from the original on 25 April 2023 5129:from the original on 23 March 2023 4918:from the original on 25 April 2023 4305:from the original on 25 April 2023 4258:from the original on 25 April 2023 4184:from the original on 25 April 2023 4120:from the original on 25 April 2023 4080:from the original on 25 April 2023 4064:UCLA Asian American Studies Center 4003:from the original on 25 April 2023 3925:from the original on 25 April 2023 3272:from the original on 25 April 2023 3229:from the original on 25 April 2023 3078:from the original on 25 April 2023 3039:from the original on 25 April 2023 3000:from the original on 25 April 2023 1751:The Treasure of the City of Ladies 1670: 1576:granted citizenship to all of the 1148:youth, rolling a hoop, Attic vase 641:, and in turn the requirement for 205:blonde women are often stereotyped 25: 6823: 6632: 6313:from the original on 9 April 2022 5749:from the original on 4 April 2023 5721:from the original on 4 April 2023 5682:from the original on 4 April 2023 5365:from the original on 4 April 2023 5299:from the original on 4 April 2023 5260:from the original on 4 April 2023 5168:from the original on 4 April 2023 5007:Gods and Myths of Northern Europe 4644:", 1993 Barnes & Noble Books 4033:from the original on 23 July 2019 4023:"Ancient Mummy Found in Mongolia" 3522:from the original on 30 July 2022 3483:from the original on 4 April 2023 2421:Harper, Douglas. "Blond (Adj.)." 2386:from the original on 4 April 2023 2366:Nolasco, Sócrates (9 June 2017). 1696:showing her with long, blond hair 1542:, among the free subjects called 1435:, blond hair was associated with 1253:, which was displayed inside the 1097: 796:hair to a lighter tone of blond. 207:as beautiful, but unintelligent. 6604:The Journal of American Folklore 5995:The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe 5960:– via www.telegraph.co.uk. 5952:from the original on 3 July 2018 5946:"Why I hate 'dumb blonde' jokes" 5937: 5918: 5898: 5733: 5694: 5662:Appleby, R. (10 December 2014). 5655: 5645:"Madonna's Influence on Fashion" 5637: 5497: 5437:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00651.x 5345:Allen, Michael (25 March 2021). 5338: 5272: 5233: 5180: 5141: 5115:. University of Missouri Press. 5112:Mark Twain and the American West 5102: 5081: 4930: 4889: 4141:The Minorities of Northern China 3989:. Cavendish Square. p. 88. 3101:The Civil War and Reconstruction 3064:. University of Arkansas Press. 2005:, blonde women are ranked below 1712:has famously blond hair. In the 1591:, and by 85 AD the provinces of 1375: 1366: 1115: 1106: 1070: 1051: 1033: 603: 531:: a darker to rich yellow blond. 451:records its use in 19th-century 211:Etymology, spelling, and grammar 175:presented the mythological hero 6193:Kyllingstad, Jon Røyne (2014), 6066:American Journal of Archaeology 5967: 5504:Swami, Furnham & Joshi 2008 5240:Horrocks, R. (30 August 1994). 4873: 4848: 4835: 4805: 4775: 4745: 4715: 4685: 4655: 4603: 4497: 4479: 4376: 4277:Hattaway, Paul (19 July 2018). 4270: 4223: 4196: 4157: 4132: 4093: 4045: 4015: 3976: 3937: 3894: 3780: 3756: 3717: 3704: 3694: 3664: 3586: 3573: 3495: 3456: 3164: 3130: 3090: 3051: 3012: 2973: 2937: 2915: 2879: 2857: 2821: 2799: 2759: 2737: 2715: 2679: 2657: 2631: 2605: 2579: 2311: 2302: 2292: 2175:In the 1950s, American actress 2077: 1647:that were inhabited largely by 1461:wrote in a satirical poem that 1357: 1093:Historical cultural perceptions 1022:few even have pale blue eyes." 134:; and among some Asian people. 90:characterized by low levels of 6179:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 4384:"Discourses by Dio Chrysostom" 4280:Guizhou: The Precious Province 3058:Sutherland, Daniel E. (2000). 2553: 2541: 2415: 2398: 2359: 2344:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 2331: 1953:, traditionally assumed to be 1431:During the early years of the 13: 1: 5527:(3). SAGE Publications: 263. 3983:Puigdevall, Federico (2017). 3643:, and down the course of the 2404:"blonde|blond, adj. and n.". 2325: 2070:, specifically in regards to 1685: 1548:, served in Rome's armies as 1350: 1346: 1216: 1149: 1133: 760:According to the sociologist 750: 497:, United States, in June 2014 229: 6461:Iconography of Christian Art 5925:"Are blondes actually dumb?" 5790:, version 1, edition 2, 2007 5668:. Springer. pp. 30–40. 5109:Coulombe, Joseph L. (2003). 4841:Goldsworthy, Adrian (2000). 3986:The Secrets of Ancient Tombs 3909:University of Michigan Press 3904:Around the Roof of the World 2423:Online Etymology Dictionary. 2099:Originating in Europe, the " 2021:were attractive. The ethnic 1969:Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here 1937: 1639:was originally inhabited by 1257:. The Greeks thought of the 859:A number of blond naturally 843:and the surrounding area in 469: 283:survives in the proper name 7: 5596:. OUP Oxford. p. 314. 4338:Myres, John Linton (1967). 3775:Excavations at Seila, Egypt 3463:Bryden, Barbara E. (2005). 3258:. Oxford University Press. 2265:Blonde vs. brunette rivalry 2209: 1933:Modern cultural stereotypes 1583:By the 1st century BC, the 1473:. In his Commentary on the 1400:, made during the reign of 1390:Statue of Antinous (Delphi) 425:can be used, however, like 10: 6828: 6326:Milliken, Roberta (2012), 5993:Churchwell, Sarah (2004), 5906:"Are Blondes Really Dumb?" 5831:, pp. 21–26, 181–185. 5802:Hitchcock's Romantic Irony 5533:10.1177/019251219301400304 3944:B. Minahan, James (2014). 3750:Razze e popoli della Terra 3639:and the country bordering 3438:10.1038/s41586-023-06705-1 2638:"blonde, blond, a. and n." 2560:"blonde, blond, a. and n." 2454:. OUP Oxford. p. 38. 2118:Les Curiosités de la Foire 1851:Propaganda in Nazi Germany 1688:1480–1487), altarpiece in 1619:, noting that her adopted 1191: 874: 755: 320: 29: 6763: 6725: 6674: 6536:Six, Abigail Lee (2014), 6458:Schiller, Gertud (1971), 6372:10.1017/S0009838800015949 6100:Lazaridis, Iosif (2022). 5806:Columbia University Press 5707:. Routledge. p. 62. 5246:. Springer. p. 156. 4960:James B. Minahan (2000). 4936:Wolfram, Herwig (1997) . 3880:10.1038/nature.2012.10587 3599:. The Macmillan Company. 3502:Manning, John T. (2002). 2646:. Additions Series 1997. 2643:Oxford English Dictionary 2617:Oxford English Dictionary 2591:Oxford English Dictionary 2565:Oxford English Dictionary 2527:Oxford English Dictionary 2522:blonde, blond, a. and n." 2372:. Springer. p. 143. 1623:marked her as a woman of 854: 791:, and less common in the 767: 505:: ashen or grayish blond. 345:Oxford English Dictionary 6771:Disappearing blonde gene 6225:Marshall, C. W. (2006), 5786:21 November 2015 at the 5187:O'Brien, Daniel (2014). 3627:, in regions settled by 3321:Experimental Dermatology 3137:France, Anatole (2010). 2410:Oxford University Press. 2285: 2226:Disappearing blonde gene 2088:Gentlemen Prefer Blondes 1982:Gentlemen Prefer Blondes 1607:, wrote a poem about an 1603:, a poet and tutor from 1485:Maurus Servius Honoratus 1303:had blond hair, such as 1247:in his famous statue of 1228:. Sappho's contemporary 941:According to geneticist 537:: dark iridescent blond. 316: 266:, of same meaning, from 224:Detail of a portrait of 6786:Melanocortin 1 receptor 6394:Pitman, Joanna (2003), 6360:The Classical Quarterly 6175:Hall, Susan G. (2006), 6126:10.1126/science.abq0755 5911:23 January 2021 at the 5800:Allen, Richard (2007). 4533:, pp. 9–11, 14–15. 4521:, pp. 9–10, 14–15. 4164:Wang, Pengling (2018). 4139:Schwarz, Henry (1984). 3839:10.1126/science.1217849 3140:Works of Anatole France 2652:Oxford University Press 2626:Oxford University Press 2600:Oxford University Press 2574:Oxford University Press 2536:Oxford University Press 1842:Early twentieth-century 1419:Villa Romana del Casale 947:Ancient North Eurasians 917: 557:or cream-colored blond. 289: 270: 254: 248: 82:), also referred to as 36:Blonde (disambiguation) 6570:Stieber, Mary (2004), 6046:Dyer, Richard (1986), 5847:, pp. 25, 57–58; 5617:Lundström, C. (2014). 5282:The Nazi War on Cancer 4721:Michael Grant (1994). 2957:. 2000. Archived from 2899:. 2000. Archived from 2841:. 2000. Archived from 2699:. 2000. Archived from 2493:. 1996. Archived from 2448:Delahunty, A. (2008). 2221:Ancient North Eurasian 2149:The British filmmaker 2096: 1972: 1957: 1898:Senior curator at the 1890:Allies of World War II 1858: 1697: 1645:Hispania Terraconensis 1627:yet her blond-haired, 1550: 887: 807:in northern Portugal. 711:Ancient North Eurasian 707:Western Steppe Herders 687:Ancient North Eurasian 672:population geneticists 657:Ancient North Eurasian 630:Ancient North Eurasian 596:Genetics of blond hair 498: 376:feature distinct from 305: 293:meaning 'blond hair'. 236: 226:Sigismund Casimir Vasa 52: 32:Blond (disambiguation) 5975:Banner, Lois (2012), 5930:12 March 2020 at the 5003:Ellis Davidson, H. R. 4817:www.perseus.tufts.edu 4787:www.perseus.tufts.edu 4757:www.perseus.tufts.edu 4697:www.perseus.tufts.edu 4667:www.perseus.tufts.edu 4388:penelope.uchicago.edu 3971:Mathieson et al. 2018 3792:26 March 2015 at the 3469:. CAPT. p. 262. 3252:Reich, David (2018). 3209:Evans, Gavin (2019). 2612:"brunette, n. and a." 2431:1 August 2014 at the 2085: 1963: 1945: 1914:". In the 1920s, the 1849: 1678: 1667:into the modern era. 1635:. Further south, the 1080:boy with blond hair, 882: 487:First Thursday series 480: 336:Book of English Usage 321:Further information: 223: 46: 6776:Fischer–Saller scale 6160:, New York: Harper, 5555:Fierman, W. (1991). 5154:. BRILL. p. 3. 4729:4 April 2023 at the 4620:4 April 2023 at the 4340:Who were the Greeks? 3731:. Turin: Nabu Press. 1690:International Gothic 703:ancient DNA analysis 649:Ancient DNA analysis 383:By the early 1990s, 216:Origins and meanings 6286:10.1038/nature25778 6278:2018Natur.555..197M 6118:2022Sci...377..940L 5895:, pp. 273–276. 5883:, pp. 246–250. 5770:, pp. 277–313. 4896:Rüger, C. (2004) . 4640:The Germanic people 4464:, pp. 304–319. 4432:, pp. 107–111. 4170:. Lexington Books. 3831:2012Sci...336..554K 3769:4 June 2015 at the 3762:C. Wilfred Griggs, 3596:The Races of Europe 3430:2024Natur.625..312I 3143:. MobileReference. 2961:on 12 February 2009 2953:(Fourth ed.). 2895:(Fourth ed.). 2837:(Fourth ed.). 2695:(Fourth ed.). 2586:"brunet, a. and n." 2497:on 7 September 2008 2140:during her time at 1947:Portrait of a Woman 1832:the medieval period 1793:falls in love with 1748:writes in her book 1723:Helga the Beautiful 1333:Aphrodite of Knidos 1292:and members of the 1290:Alexander the Great 1265:were captured from 419:Thomas Henry Huxley 287:, from Old English 5934:by Jay L. Zagorsky 5843:, pp. 33–34; 5009:, p. 84. Penguin. 4609:Victoria Sherrow, 4029:. 25 August 2006. 3796:, 19 December 2014 3192:Robins, Ashley H. 2945:"Strawberry blond" 2280:Go Blonde Festival 2097: 2045:Christina Aguilera 2033:Singer-songwriter 1973: 1958: 1867:Alexander's Bridge 1859: 1799:Chrétien de Troyes 1786:Tristan and Iseult 1764:Chrétien de Troyes 1746:Christine de Pisan 1698: 888: 823:to 1.7% among the 628:population of the 499: 323:grammatical gender 237: 53: 47:German footballer 6794: 6793: 6755:Hydrogen peroxide 6551:978-1-4438-5908-0 6503:978-0-313-33145-9 6471:978-0-85331-270-3 6439:978-0-307-74423-4 6407:978-1-58234-402-7 6339:978-0-7864-4870-8 6272:(7695): 197–203. 6238:978-0-521-86161-8 6206:978-1-909254-57-2 6186:978-0-275-98429-8 6167:978-0-06-058558-7 6112:(6609): 940–951. 6057:978-0-415-31026-0 6027:978-0-253-22302-9 6017:Jokes and Targets 6004:978-0-312-42565-4 5986:978-1-4088-3133-5 5904:Jay L. Zagorsky, 5815:978-0-231-13574-0 5714:978-1-135-13568-3 5675:978-1-137-33180-9 5630:978-1-137-28919-3 5603:978-0-19-160961-9 5568:978-0-8133-7907-4 5464:Florida Scientist 5358:978-1-350-14199-5 5292:978-0-691-18781-5 5253:978-0-230-37280-1 5200:978-1-137-38471-3 5161:978-90-04-36526-1 5122:978-0-8262-6318-6 5078:, pp. 75–76. 5028:, pp. 41–43. 4911:978-0-521-26430-3 4866:978-0-521-26430-3 4408:, pp. 66–68. 4238:Santa Barbara, CA 4205:Mongolian Studies 3918:978-0-472-08669-6 3570:, pp. 51–53. 3515:978-0-8135-3030-7 3476:978-0-935652-46-8 3334:10.1111/exd.14142 2807:"Platinum blonde" 2781:cite encyclopedia 2461:978-0-19-954369-4 2412:Web. 17 May 2012. 2379:978-94-6351-035-6 2347:. Merriam-Webster 2270:Blonde stereotype 2170:Reese Witherspoon 2101:blonde stereotype 1971:production still) 1951:Bartolomeo Veneto 1637:Iberian Peninsula 1611:slave girl named 1597:Germania Superior 1593:Germania Inferior 1301:Hellenistic Egypt 1297:Ptolemaic dynasty 1284:asserts that the 883:Blonde girl from 491:Canton, Baltimore 466:, and pale wood. 332:American Heritage 147:Greco-Roman world 16:(Redirected from 6819: 6668:Human hair color 6661: 6654: 6647: 6638: 6637: 6627: 6610:(437): 277–313. 6598: 6597: 6595: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6532: 6526: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6390: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6312: 6297: 6263: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6189: 6171: 6147: 6145: 6096: 6060: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6012:Davies, Christie 6007: 5997:, Granta Books, 5989: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5941: 5935: 5922: 5916: 5902: 5896: 5890: 5884: 5874: 5868: 5862: 5856: 5838: 5832: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5797: 5791: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5641: 5635: 5634: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5587: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5552: 5546: 5544: 5516: 5507: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5416: 5410: 5409: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5342: 5336: 5333:Kyllingstad 2014 5330: 5321: 5318:Kyllingstad 2014 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5224: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5106: 5100: 5085: 5079: 5073: 5062: 5056: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5017: 5000: 4994: 4988: 4973: 4958: 4949: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4893: 4887: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4852: 4846: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4749: 4743: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4659: 4653: 4630: 4624: 4607: 4601: 4595: 4574: 4568: 4557: 4551: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4516: 4510: 4501: 4495: 4494:(470 B.C); xx. 2 4483: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4450: 4444: 4433: 4427: 4421: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4392: 4391: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4355: 4354:, pp. 9–10. 4349: 4343: 4336: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4274: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4097: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4049: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3980: 3974: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3850: 3808: 3797: 3784: 3778: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3746:Biasutti, Renato 3742: 3733: 3732: 3721: 3715: 3708: 3702: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3590: 3584: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3413: 3407: 3397: 3391: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3336: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3249: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3206: 3197: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3172:"Peroxide blond" 3168: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3104: 3094: 3088: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2986:. FriesenPress. 2977: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2955:Yahoo! Education 2941: 2935: 2934: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2903:on 10 April 2005 2897:Yahoo! Education 2883: 2877: 2876: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2839:Yahoo! Education 2825: 2819: 2818: 2803: 2797: 2796: 2790: 2786: 2784: 2776: 2771:. Archived from 2768:Dishwater blonde 2763: 2757: 2756: 2741: 2735: 2734: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2697:Yahoo! Education 2683: 2677: 2676: 2661: 2655: 2654:. 5 August 2010. 2635: 2629: 2628:. 5 August 2010. 2609: 2603: 2583: 2577: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2539: 2538:. 5 August 2010. 2530:. 2nd ed. 1989. 2518: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2479: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2445: 2436: 2419: 2413: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2335: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2306: 2300: 2296: 2231:Human hair color 2181:double entendres 2156:Hitchcock blonde 2151:Alfred Hitchcock 1878:Leni Riefenstahl 1808:Canterbury Tales 1803:Geoffrey Chaucer 1773:Canterbury Tales 1768:Geoffrey Chaucer 1737:, the blond man 1687: 1555: 1536:Germanic peoples 1425:, 4th century AD 1379: 1370: 1352: 1348: 1294:Macedonian Greek 1277:. Historian and 1250:Athena Parthenos 1226:ritual pollution 1218: 1201: 1195: 1151: 1135: 1119: 1110: 1074: 1061:girl in Turpan, 1055: 1037: 1019:Guizhou province 833:northern regions 616: 607: 562:strawberry blond 547:: whitish-blond. 370:Penny cyclopedia 308: 292: 257: 251: 234: 231: 167:Germanic peoples 88:human hair color 81: 80: 79: 78: 67: 66: 65: 64: 27:Human hair color 21: 6827: 6826: 6822: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6817: 6816: 6797: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6781:Greying of hair 6759: 6721: 6670: 6665: 6635: 6630: 6593: 6591: 6584: 6561: 6559: 6552: 6520: 6519: 6513: 6511: 6504: 6481: 6479: 6472: 6449: 6447: 6440: 6417: 6415: 6408: 6349: 6347: 6340: 6316: 6314: 6310: 6261: 6248: 6246: 6239: 6216: 6214: 6207: 6187: 6168: 6152:Fletcher, Joann 6058: 6037: 6035: 6028: 6005: 5987: 5970: 5965: 5955: 5953: 5942: 5938: 5932:Wayback Machine 5923: 5919: 5913:Wayback Machine 5903: 5899: 5891: 5887: 5877:Churchwell 2004 5875: 5871: 5863: 5859: 5851:, p. 185; 5845:Churchwell 2004 5839: 5835: 5829:Churchwell 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June 2006 . 2552: 2540: 2508: 2474: 2460: 2437: 2414: 2397: 2378: 2358: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2320: 2310: 2301: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2255: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2228: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2208: 2177:Marilyn Monroe 2161:Legally Blonde 2126:Marilyn Monroe 2093:Marilyn Monroe 2079: 2076: 2072:French Algeria 2019:Russian poetry 1987:Greater London 1965:Robert Redford 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1843: 1840: 1708:, the goddess 1694:Carlo Crivelli 1681:Mary Magdalene 1672: 1669: 1621:Latin language 1585:Roman Republic 1489:Cato the Elder 1441:conquered Gaul 1384: 1383: 1374: 1373: 1365: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1317:Lacedaemonians 1282:Joann Fletcher 1243:'s hair using 1128:Reconstructed 1124: 1123: 1114: 1113: 1105: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1099: 1098:Ancient Greece 1096: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1076: 1069: 1067: 1057: 1050: 1048: 1039: 1032: 1030: 919: 916: 876: 873: 865:Fagg El Gamous 856: 853: 849:Southern Italy 769: 766: 757: 754: 752: 749: 659:specimen from 620: 619: 611: 609: 602: 601: 600: 599: 597: 594: 579:bleached blond 575: 574: 567:Venetian blond 558: 548: 541:platinum blond 538: 532: 526: 516: 506: 471: 468: 453:poetic diction 318: 315: 302:Medieval Latin 260:light chestnut 217: 214: 212: 209: 191:, the wife of 181:Western Europe 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6824: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6762: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6745:Dye stripping 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6727:Hair coloring 6724: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6662: 6657: 6655: 6650: 6648: 6643: 6642: 6639: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6600: 6589: 6585: 6583:9780292701809 6579: 6575: 6574: 6568: 6557: 6553: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6534: 6530: 6524: 6509: 6505: 6499: 6495: 6494: 6488: 6477: 6473: 6467: 6463: 6462: 6456: 6445: 6441: 6435: 6431: 6430: 6424: 6413: 6409: 6403: 6399: 6398: 6392: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6356: 6345: 6341: 6335: 6331: 6330: 6324: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6260: 6255: 6244: 6240: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6223: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6191: 6188: 6182: 6178: 6173: 6169: 6163: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6098: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6062: 6059: 6053: 6050:, Routledge, 6049: 6044: 6033: 6029: 6023: 6019: 6018: 6013: 6009: 6006: 6000: 5996: 5991: 5988: 5982: 5978: 5973: 5972: 5951: 5947: 5940: 5933: 5929: 5926: 5921: 5914: 5910: 5907: 5901: 5894: 5889: 5882: 5878: 5873: 5866: 5861: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5837: 5830: 5825: 5817: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5796: 5789: 5785: 5782: 5776: 5769: 5764: 5748: 5744: 5743: 5736: 5720: 5716: 5710: 5706: 5705: 5697: 5681: 5677: 5671: 5667: 5666: 5658: 5650: 5646: 5640: 5632: 5626: 5622: 5621: 5613: 5605: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5586: 5570: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5551: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5515: 5513: 5506:, p. 435 5505: 5500: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5454: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5415: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5380: 5364: 5360: 5354: 5350: 5349: 5341: 5334: 5329: 5327: 5319: 5314: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5275: 5259: 5255: 5249: 5245: 5244: 5236: 5228: 5222: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5192: 5191: 5183: 5167: 5163: 5157: 5153: 5152: 5144: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5114: 5113: 5105: 5098: 5097:0-313-29346-5 5094: 5090: 5084: 5077: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5061:, p. 43. 5060: 5059:Milliken 2012 5055: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5039: 5038:Milliken 2012 5034: 5027: 5026:Milliken 2012 5022: 5016: 5015:0-14-013627-4 5012: 5008: 5004: 4999: 4993:, p. 41. 4992: 4991:Milliken 2012 4987: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4971: 4970:0-313-30984-1 4967: 4963: 4957: 4955: 4947: 4946:0-520-08511-6 4943: 4939: 4933: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4892: 4885: 4881: 4876: 4868: 4862: 4858: 4851: 4844: 4843:Roman Warfare 4838: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4808: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4748: 4741: 4740:0-415-10754-7 4737: 4733: 4732: 4728: 4725: 4718: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4658: 4651: 4650:0-88029-579-1 4647: 4643: 4641: 4637: 4629: 4623: 4619: 4616: 4612: 4606: 4599: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4572: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4556:, p. 11. 4555: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4532: 4527: 4520: 4515: 4508: 4507: 4503:Bacchylides, 4500: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4475: 4474:Fletcher 2008 4470: 4463: 4458: 4456: 4448: 4447:Marshall 2006 4443: 4441: 4439: 4431: 4426: 4419: 4414: 4407: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4389: 4385: 4379: 4373:, p. 13. 4372: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4353: 4348: 4341: 4335: 4333: 4326:, p. 12. 4325: 4320: 4304: 4300: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4281: 4273: 4257: 4253: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4226: 4218: 4214: 4211:(25): 49–57. 4210: 4206: 4199: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4169: 4168: 4160: 4152: 4146: 4142: 4135: 4119: 4115: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4096: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4056: 4048: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4018: 4002: 3998: 3992: 3988: 3987: 3979: 3972: 3967: 3959: 3953: 3949: 3948: 3940: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3911:. p. 9. 3910: 3906: 3905: 3897: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3825:(6081): 554. 3824: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3788: 3783: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3765: 3759: 3751: 3747: 3741: 3739: 3730: 3726: 3725:Livi, Ridolfo 3720: 3713: 3707: 3697: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3667: 3660: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3598: 3597: 3589: 3582: 3576: 3569: 3564: 3558:, p. 52. 3557: 3552: 3546:, p. 73. 3545: 3540: 3538: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3507: 3506: 3498: 3482: 3478: 3472: 3468: 3467: 3459: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3412: 3405: 3401: 3396: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3373: 3368: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3311: 3303: 3297: 3293: 3292:Human Origins 3287: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3257: 3256: 3248: 3246: 3228: 3224: 3222:9781786076236 3218: 3214: 3213: 3205: 3203: 3195: 3189: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3152: 3150:9781607785422 3146: 3142: 3141: 3133: 3118: 3116:9780313313257 3112: 3108: 3103: 3102: 3093: 3077: 3073: 3071:9781610751452 3067: 3063: 3062: 3054: 3038: 3034: 3032:9781853673733 3028: 3024: 3023: 3015: 2999: 2995: 2993:9781460207192 2989: 2985: 2984: 2976: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2940: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2918: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2882: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2860: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2802: 2794: 2782: 2774: 2770: 2769: 2762: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2745:"Dirty blond" 2740: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2693: 2688: 2682: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2660: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2549: 2544: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2523: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2478: 2463: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2444: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2418: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2385: 2381: 2375: 2371: 2370: 2362: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2334: 2330: 2314: 2305: 2295: 2291: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2258: 2257: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2213: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2200: 2199:The Telegraph 2195: 2190: 2185: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2130:Judy Holliday 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2114:Rosalie Duthé 2111: 2106: 2102: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2084: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2015:Central Asian 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1978: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1923:Fischer scale 1920: 1919:Eugen Fischer 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1828: 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