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The earliest record of blind golf is from the 1920s in the United States: Clint
Russell of Duluth, Minnesota, who lost his sight when a tire exploded in his face, began playing blind golf in 1925. Gradually increasing his scores, Clint managed to shoot an 84 for 18 holes in the early 1930s. A match
262:
American Blind Golf (ABG) was established in 2001. ABG partners with blind charities to raise money for blind services. ABG holds annual tournaments and fund raising events in San
Antonio, Texas, Wadsworth Ohio and Lompoc California. The motto of ABG is "inspire, motivate and serve all of those
478:
In
October 2012 Andy Gardiner became the first amputee golfer to compete against able bodied golfers on a regular Professional Tour (Jamega Tour). Gardiner was the first disabled golfer to qualify through Q school and play on the PGA Europro Tour. Held #1 ranking through 2012-2014 (104 successive
249:
The
Canadian Blind Golf Association was established in 1951. However, it has not been a functioning association since the mid-1980s. The Western Division and Ontario Visually Impaired Golf Association continued to operate independently and are currently making efforts to restructure the Canadian
226:
who assists the golfer in describing distance, direction and characteristics of the hole, and helps with club head alignment behind the ball, prior to the stroke. From that point, the golfer is on his own, and it is her/his skill that determines the resulting stroke.
138:
Organized blind golf tournaments have taken place in
America since the United States Blind Golf Association (USBGA) was established in 1947. The International Blind Golf Association (IBGA) was established in 1997 at a meeting held in
158:
The Blind golf classification existed by 1990 and was used at the
Australian Open Golf Tournament for the Blind and Visually Impaired. The four classifications were B1, B2, B3 and B4. Classifications in use at the time included
254:, with one exception: level of sight classification is based on acuity only, and not field of vision. The rationale is that golf is a dead ball sport and a player with "tunnel vision" can see the ball clearly when striking it.
278:
The IBGA conducts a world championship every two years. The 2004 world championship tournament was held in
Australia. Other tournaments sanctioned by the IBGA include National Open events in Australia,
206:
The blind classifications are based on medical classification, not functional classification. The classification process for blind golf is governed by the
International Blind Golf Association.
241:
Blind golf competitions are set in classes determined by the golfer's level of sight (see above) using the same categories as in other branches of sports played by the visually impaired.
179:
B1 was defined as "No light perception in either eye, up to some light perception but inability to recognize the shape of a hand at any distance or in any direction."
777:
474:, a member of the board of directors of the United States Blind Golfers Association, scored a hole-in-one on the fourth hole at Mahoning Valley Country Club.
231:
471:
283:, Canada, Japan and the United States. There are currently nine member countries in the IBGA: Australia, Canada, England, Germany, Ireland, Japan,
479:
weeks). Gardiner scored his 11th Hole in One in July 2016 on 7th hole, Linden Hall Golf Club during
Scotland V England international match play.
445:
770:
195:
B3 was defined as "visual acuity above 20/60, up to visual acuity of 6/60 and/or visual field of above 5 degrees and less than 20 degrees."
998:
187:
B2 was defined as "the ability to recognize the shape of a hand up to visual acuity of 2/60, or a visual field of less than 5 degrees."
38:
is used for deaf golf, blind golf, amputee golf, golf for mentally disabled people, paraplegic golf and other forms of golf involving
880:
763:
967:
810:
1031:
865:
150:
The
American Blind Golf organization was established in 2001 to promote the game of golf to blind and vision impaired persons.
870:
675:
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607:
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Other than the coach, there is only one relaxation to the standard rules: blind or partially sighted golfers are allowed to
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Third international blind golf tournament and Hope for the Blind Pro Am October 2-4, 1967 Edgmont Country Club
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is an international association of blind golf playing countries. The sport is not played at the Paralympics.
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The development of a policy : Integration Conference 1990 Adelaide, December 3-5, 1990
633:
Sports and the physically challenged: an encyclopedia of people, events, and organizations
573:
Australian Sports Commission; Australian Confederation of Sports for the Disabled (1990).
222:. The principle of playing is that blind or partially sighted golf players have a sighted
8:
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recorded by a blind or visually impaired golfer in a National Open was made by
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Golf has been submitted multiple times for inclusion in the programme of the
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577:. Willoughby, N.S.W.: Australian Confederation of Sports for the Disabled.
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449:
434:
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B4 was defined as "visual acuity of 6/60 up to visual acuity of 6/46."
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Association. The Canadian Association uses the same standards as the
1069:
667:
International Diplomacy and the Olympic Movement: The New Mediators
558:
128:
50:
629:
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in the 168-yard No. 11 hole at the Twin Pines golf course in
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in that it includes only minor modifications to the standard
27:
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103:
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Linda Mastandrea; Donna Czubernat (30 October 2006).
463:, 53, achieved a hole-in-one on the 15th hole at the
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122:The Western Canadian Blind Golf Association Logo
1034:Grading Form on the Blind Sailing, New Zealand
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771:
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535:"International Blind Golf Association (IBGA)"
287:, Scotland and the United States of America.
699:"Paris 2024: IPC announces sports programme"
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778:
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214:Blind golf is outstanding in the area of
1053:The International Blind Golf Association
131:and two Americans took place before the
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102:Blind golf is a version of the sport of
49:
26:
723:"Blind golfer hears shot of her career"
459:In November 2005, Israeli blind golfer
14:
1087:
1020:
759:
596:Joseph P. Winnick (27 October 2010).
444:In March 2005, American blind golfer
252:International Blind Sports Federation
209:
31:A golf competitor at the Handi Pro Am
599:Adapted Physical Education and Sport
523:United States Blind Golf Association
511:American Disabled Golfer Association
372:
333:
294:
273:International Blind Golf Association
62:
737:"Disabled golfer goes professional"
407:
24:
703:International Paralympic Committee
670:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 71.
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263:who deal with the loss of sight".
45:
25:
1116:
1041:
664:Aaron Beacom (4 September 2012).
153:
489:
416:, but bids for inclusion in the
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337:
298:
66:
787:Disability sport classification
729:
715:
513:; online; retrieved March 2013.
428:Outstanding player achievements
58:
1058:English Blind Golf Association
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602:. Human Kinetics. p. 51.
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36:Disability golf classification
13:
1:
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266:
97:
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7:
330:For the mentally challenged
108:blind and partially sighted
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1121:
1100:Parasports classifications
424:did not come to fruition.
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40:people with disabilities
999:Intellectual disability
422:2024 Summer Paralympics
414:Summer Paralympic Games
54:An amputee playing golf
467:golf course in Israel.
385:This section is empty.
346:This section is empty.
307:This section is empty.
123:
75:This section is empty.
55:
32:
927:Wheelchair basketball
121:
53:
30:
1027:Blind Golf Australia
245:Blind Golf in Canada
1070:American Blind Golf
636:. Greenwood Press.
559:American Blind Golf
258:American Blind Golf
1063:2011-01-04 at the
1021:Additional sources
973:Wheelchair curling
953:Para-nordic skiing
948:Para-alpine skiing
886:Wheelchair fencing
210:Playing blind golf
127:between two blind
124:
56:
33:
1075:Blind Golf Canada
1017:
1016:
958:Para-snowboarding
912:Football 7-a-side
907:Football 5-a-side
891:Wheelchair tennis
794:Individual Sports
677:978-0-230-24106-0
643:978-0-313-32453-6
609:978-0-7360-8918-0
405:
404:
366:
365:
327:
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232:ground their club
145:Western Australia
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16:(Redirected from
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1080:World Blind Golf
1009:Wheelchair sport
982:Disability types
932:Wheelchair rugby
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537:. Archived from
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470:In August 2007,
456:, United States.
408:Paralympic Games
400:
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387:You can help by
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358:
348:You can help by
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309:You can help by
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285:Northern Ireland
133:Second World War
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77:You can help by
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1065:Wayback Machine
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846:Para-equestrian
816:Disability golf
801:Adaptive rowing
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369:Paraplegic golf
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216:disabled sports
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46:Classifications
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1095:Blind sports
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866:Powerlifting
841:Para-cycling
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744:. Retrieved
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59:Amputee golf
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989:Amputations
900:Team Sports
871:Racquetball
450:hole-in-one
435:hole-in-one
1089:Categories
1032:Blindness
1004:Les Autres
746:2021-01-13
708:2021-08-02
545:2019-07-26
483:References
433:The first
396:March 2013
357:March 2013
318:March 2013
267:Governance
129:Englishmen
98:Blind golf
86:March 2013
18:Blind golf
836:Paracanoe
683:21 August
649:21 August
615:21 August
583:221061502
291:Deaf golf
110:players.
1061:Archived
1037:web site
917:Goalball
741:BBC News
465:Caesarea
876:Sailing
114:History
806:Boccia
674:
640:
606:
581:
441:, MBE.
236:hazard
811:Bowls
234:in a
224:coach
141:Perth
821:Judo
685:2012
672:ISBN
651:2012
638:ISBN
617:2012
604:ISBN
579:OCLC
454:Iowa
420:and
418:2016
271:The
167:and
104:golf
391:.
352:.
313:.
81:.
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739:.
701:.
565:^
238:.
199:B4
191:B3
183:B2
175:B1
171:.
169:B3
165:B2
163:,
161:B1
147:.
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