40:
1939:
146:
Middle East: In regions like
Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Ottoman Empire, "Baig" or "Bey" was used as a title for local leaders, tribal chiefs, or military commanders. Mughal Empire: During the Mughal Empire in India, "Baig" was a title conferred upon noblemen and military leaders, reflecting the influence of Turkic and Mongol traditions in the subcontinent.
145:
in other parts of Europe). However the exact scope of power handed to the beks (alternative spelling to beys) varied with each country, thus there was no clear-cut system, rigidly applied to all countries defining all the possible power and prestige that came along with the title. Central Asia and
209:. It is usually translated as "tribal leader". The actual origin of the word is still disputed, though it is mostly agreed that it was a loan-word, in Old Turkic. This Turkic word is usually considered a borrowing from an Iranian language. However, German Turkologist
752:
word 'bő' originates from an Old Turkic loanword, cognate with
Ottoman 'bey', that used to mean 'clan leader' in Old Hungarian. Later, as an adjective, it acquired the meaning of "rich". Its contemporary meaning is "ample" or "baggy" (when referring to clothing).
538:(or Beglerbegi) "Lord of Lords", was the administrative rank formally enjoyed by the ruler of Algiers and by rulers of parts of the Balkans in their official capacity of Ottoman Governor-General within the Turkish empire.This title was also used in Safavid empire.
1624:
189:, being an example of the usage of this word in personal names and even names of whole ethnic groups. The general rule is that the honorific is used with first names and not with surnames or last names.
39:
1190:
97:
title traditionally applied to people with special lineages to the leaders or rulers of variously sized areas in the numerous Turkic kingdoms, emirates, sultanates and empires in
2165:
1683:
512:
itself was part of the territorial title of the ruler, and also as a title used by all male members of the family (rather like Sultan in the
Ottoman dynasty).
530:"Bey of the Table", the title of the Heir Presumptive, the eldest prince of the Beylical family, who enjoyed precedence immediately after the Bey al-Mahalla.
1875:
2073:
213:
assessed the derivation from
Iranian as superficially attractive but quite uncertain, and pointed out the possibility that the word may be genuinely
2150:
1676:
1938:
1918:
1948:
1120:
1995:
524:"Bey of the Camp", title used for the next most senior member of the Beylical family after the reigning Bey, the Heir Apparent to the throne.
1860:
2135:
1669:
1201:
1985:
1865:
1692:
1891:
1990:
1911:
1870:
1855:
1830:
1799:
624:
population declared independence, and when it was on 13 October 1837 conquered by France, until it was incorporated into
50:(d. 1781), bey of Turfan, who later settled in Beijing; painting by a European Jesuit artist at the Chinese court in 1775
469:) – in North Africa, including Egypt. A bey could maintain a similar office within Arab states that broke away from the
2160:
1980:
1330:
1296:
1764:
1398:
727:
1880:
1845:
492:
Even much earlier, the virtual sovereign's title in
Barbaresque North African 'regency' states was "Bey" (compare
778:
2120:
2000:
1457:
1364:
1262:
307:, and were used as honorific titles of kings and other men of high rank in the meaning of "lord". The Iranian
270:
2105:
1784:
1906:
1968:
2145:
2078:
2007:
1449:
1477:
Vocabulaire français-arabe des dialectes vulgaires africains: d'Alger, de Tunis, de Marok, et d'Égypte
1359:. Studies on China. Vol. 28 (illustrated ed.). University of California Press. p. 121.
545:
was also the title that was awarded by the Sultan of Turkey in the twilight of the
Ottoman Empire to
1172:
P. Golden, "Turks and
Iranians: An historical sketch", in S. Agcagül/V. Karam/L. Johanson/C. Bulut,
362:
769:
565:
437:
198:
17:
2155:
2130:
2115:
2110:
1960:
895:
731:
632:
Bey or a variation has also been used as an aristocratic title in various Turkic states, such as
238:
149:
Today, the word is still used formally as a social title for men, similar to the way the titles "
745:, and its usage is similar to "chap" or "man". When used aggressively, it is an offensive term.
402:
that "distinguished persons and their sons" as well as "high government officials" could become
1734:
1428:
929:
613:
since 1525 (had its own Beys since 1567), the last incumbent, Ahmed Bey ben
Mohamed Chérif (b.
395:
1550:
1500:
1461:
1388:
1354:
1320:
700:, is still used as a family name or a part of a name in South and Central Asia as well as the
2140:
2125:
1814:
1601:
1475:
1286:
1252:
255:
157:" are used in the English language. Additionally, it is widely used in the naming customs of
33:
1432:
1661:
797:
587:
482:
354:
716:
713:
8:
1809:
549:
206:
489:(maintained in two rank classes after 1922), and a title of courtesy for a pasha's son.
749:
655:
571:, a tradition which has survived to the present day through their lineal descendants.
1850:
1722:
1453:
1394:
1360:
1326:
1292:
1258:
1001:
870:
862:
659:
297:
290:
266:
137:. The regions or provinces where "beys" ruled or which they administered were called
886:
878:
805:
789:
720:
705:
677:
Sometimes a Bey was a territorial vassal within a khanate, as in each of the three
651:
640:
501:
335:
259:
214:
86:
1973:
1717:
1081:
920:
829:
821:
610:
426:
383:
region to maintain their previous status, and they administered the area for the
210:
130:
1032:
1696:
1390:
Beyond the pass: economy, ethnicity, and empire in Qing
Central Asia, 1759-1864
1186:
1006:
956:
912:
837:
813:
667:
579:
575:
406:, which was one of two "merely conventional designations as indefinite as our '
376:
222:
114:
110:
1226:
182:
2099:
1768:
1744:
1356:
Empire at the
Margins: Culture, Ethnicity, and Frontier in Early Modern China
854:
621:
553:
2059:
2012:
1804:
1420:
1011:
682:
186:
158:
126:
98:
996:
458:
327:
202:
106:
662:
used the "beks" as local administrations of "bekliks" or provinces. The
556:
who served as a senior leader of the Muslim community in the kingdom of
413:
The Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s.
1537:
1141:
991:
986:
620:, in office 1826–1848, d. 1850), was maintained when in 1826 the local
470:
174:
170:
166:
162:
102:
1739:
1353:
Crossley, Pamela Kyle; Siu, Helen F.; Sutton, Donald S., eds. (2006).
387:
as officials. High-ranking Begs were allowed to call themselves Begs.
2052:
2035:
966:
606:
534:
380:
94:
90:
1050:
1794:
1729:
245:
118:
1819:
1597:
2068:
2042:
1561:
1528:
971:
708:-influenced names, it can be seen in conjunction with the Slavic
701:
625:
561:
464:
407:
372:
122:
43:
1651:
1325:(illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 101.
2047:
2030:
1789:
1257:(illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 31.
1174:
Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas: Historical and Linguistic Aspects
976:
663:
648:
178:
154:
142:
141:, roughly meaning "governorate" or "region" (the equivalent of
47:
961:
783:
742:
637:
557:
546:
497:
486:
478:
474:
250:
134:
1691:
1254:
Oasis Identities: Uyghur Nationalism Along China's Silk Road
609:(Constantine in French), an Ottoman district subject to the
217:. Two principal etymologies have been proposed by scholars:
2064:
738:
384:
518:"Bey of the Throne", a term equivalent to reigning prince.
1524:, ou, suivant l'orthographe de la prononciation turques,
981:
952:
726:
The title is also used as an honorific by members of the
493:
150:
1251:
Rudelson, Justin Jon; Rudelson, Justin Ben-Adam (1997).
504:
used a whole series of title and styles including Bey:
2166:
Titles in Bosnia and Herzegovina during Ottoman period
1288:
Xinjiang and China's Rise in Central Asia – A History
906:
900:
934:
560:. Subsequently, he and his children became known in
442:
848:
1386:
2097:
1598:"Private Drawing Room, I, Kasr-el-Said, Tunisia"
1250:
1505:(in French). C. L. F. Panckoucke. p. 475.
1446:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
1677:
1580:
1571:
1519:
1511:est un nom de dignité, synonyme de celui de
1482:
452:
1191:"Ardashir and the Sasanian's Rise to Power"
674:(taubey), meaning the "mountainous chief".
32:"Baig" redirects here. For other uses, see
1684:
1670:
1393:. Stanford University Press. p. 204.
1322:Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang
1200:, vol. 1, p. 239, archived from
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1622:
1414:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
773:
578:period, the lords of the semi-autonomous
311:(through connection with Old Indian noun
1155:
1153:
201:. It has been mentioned as early as the
38:
2151:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
1576:, qui, en Barbie est écrit et prononcé
1444:Shaw, Stanford J. and Ezel Kural Shaw.
1198:Anabasis: Studia Classica et Orientalia
1185:
1135:
1096:
14:
2098:
1498:
1473:
1224:
1065:
712:suffixes meaning "son of", such as in
436:
315:"possessions, lot") gave Turkish word
1665:
1480:(in French). C. Hingray. p. 90.
1231:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition
1163:, August Cesarec: Zagreb, pp. 123–124
1150:
341:; its historical pronunciation being
177:. Notably, the ethnic designation of
1590:
1562:
1529:
1291:. Taylor & Francis. p. 20.
552:, an African merchant prince of the
465:
273:languages retain forms derived from
133:. The feminine equivalent title was
1581:
1572:
1520:
1483:
924:
890:
737:'Bey' is also used colloquially in
453:
430:
277:in the sense "god": Middle Persian
27:Honorific title in Turkic languages
24:
2136:Positions of subnational authority
1225:Eilers, Wilhelm (22 August 2011).
1043:
25:
2177:
1876:Ministry of Trade and Agriculture
1645:
728:Moorish Science Temple of America
416:
1937:
1623:Tótfalusi, István (2005). "bő".
1555:(in French). 1854. p. 484.
1425:Turkish Life in Town and Country
400:Turkish Life in Town and Country
1800:Defterdars/Ministers of Finance
1616:
1543:
1492:
1467:
1438:
1380:
1346:
1312:
1278:
1244:
1218:
643:, in charge of a Beylik called
390:
254:) meaning "lord" and "master".
1499:Jomard, Edme-François (1826).
1179:
1166:
1025:
841:
763:
434:Egyptian Arabic pronunciation:
197:The word entered English from
161:, namely in countries such as
13:
1:
1018:
614:
601:promoted to statehood, e.g.:
1474:Marcel, Jean Joseph (1837).
1352:
1318:
1284:
1176:, Harrassowit, 2006, p. 19ff
784:
485:, where it was a rank below
459:
192:
7:
2074:Vassal and tributary states
1861:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1656:Encyclopaedia of the Orient
1585:est proprement un mot turc.
1319:Millward, James A. (2007).
1285:Clarke, Michael E. (2011).
1161:Hrvatski etimološki rječnik
945:
935:
907:
901:
849:
443:
319:(rich), whence Mongol name
10:
2182:
1450:Cambridge University Press
1387:James A. Millward (1998).
858:
31:
2161:Turkish words and phrases
2023:
1959:
1946:
1935:
1889:
1828:
1762:
1755:
1710:
1703:
1626:Magyar Etimológiai Szótár
955:– a judge and senator in
916:
882:
833:
825:
817:
597:Other Beys saw their own
1866:Ministry of the Interior
756:
670:highlands were known as
566:double-barrelled surname
371:It was also used by the
1897:(constitutional period)
1502:Description de l'Egypte
1421:Garnett, Lucy Mary Jane
732:Moorish Orthodox Church
398:wrote in the 1904 work
181:comes from the name of
1159:Alemko Gluhak (1993),
1123:. Encyclopædia Iranica
1084:. Encyclopædia Iranica
874:
866:
809:
801:
793:
586:(μπέης); for example,
396:Lucy Mary Jane Garnett
51:
2121:Noble titles of Egypt
1815:Dragoman of the Porte
1602:World Digital Library
258:derives the word via
42:
34:Baig (disambiguation)
2106:Gubernatorial titles
1540:≈ bey = beyk = beyg.
1460:, 9780521291668. p.
588:Petros Mavromichalis
483:Muhammad Ali Dynasty
410:' has come to be ".
1912:Chamber of Deputies
1871:Ministry of Justice
1856:Ministry of Finance
1831:Imperial Government
1629:. Budapest: Arcanum
1429:G. P. Putnam's Sons
1146:Nişanyan Dictionary
741:-speaking parts of
375:. It permitted the
353:, as reconstructed
207:Orkhon inscriptions
1991:Armenian Apostolic
1775:(classical period)
1693:State organisation
656:Emirate of Bukhara
582:used the title of
441:) was also called
57:, also spelled as
52:
2146:Titles in Lebanon
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1919:political parties
1851:Ministry of Evkaf
1723:Ottoman Caliphate
1552:Journal asiatique
1053:. Merriam-Webster
1002:Anatolian beyliks
933:
899:
847:
782:
660:Khanate of Kokand
457:) – from Turkish
355:Edwin Pulleyblank
16:(Redirected from
2173:
1986:Eastern Orthodox
1957:
1956:
1941:
1922:
1899:
1892:General Assembly
1838:
1777:
1765:Imperial Council
1760:
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1117:
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910:
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894:
892:
884:
860:
852:
846:romanized:
845:
843:
835:
827:
819:
787:
777:
775:
767:
685:of the Kazakhs.
652:Khanate of Khiva
641:Khanate of Kazan
619:
616:
502:Husainid Dynasty
468:
467:
462:
456:
455:
446:
440:
435:
432:
21:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2085:
2019:
2001:Coptic Orthodox
1996:Syriac Orthodox
1974:Sheikh ul-Islam
1953:
1950:
1942:
1925:
1916:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1885:
1881:Ministry of War
1846:Cadastre Bureau
1839:
1836:(reform period)
1834:
1833:
1824:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1751:
1720:
1718:Ottoman dynasty
1699:
1690:
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1607:
1605:
1596:
1595:
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1549:
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1497:
1493:
1472:
1468:
1452:, 27 May 1977.
1443:
1439:
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1405:
1403:
1401:
1385:
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1371:
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1367:
1351:
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1279:
1269:
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1210:
1208:
1207:on 4 March 2016
1204:
1193:
1187:Daryaee, Touraj
1184:
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1026:
1021:
1016:
948:
943:
942:
770:Ottoman Turkish
768:
764:
759:
714:Bakir and Alija
666:princes in the
617:
611:Algiers regency
550:Mohammed Shitta
433:
419:
393:
211:Gerhard Doerfer
199:Ottoman Turkish
195:
131:Eurasian Steppe
117:or the various
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2179:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2156:Turkish titles
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Ottoman titles
2128:
2123:
2118:
2116:Military ranks
2113:
2111:Heads of state
2108:
2091:
2090:
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2060:Mutasarrifates
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2025:
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2017:
2016:
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2004:
2003:
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1993:
1988:
1978:
1977:
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1965:
1963:
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1949:Administrative
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1943:
1936:
1934:
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1810:Reis ül-Küttab
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1745:Palace Schools
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1735:Imperial Harem
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1714:
1712:
1711:House of Osman
1705:
1704:Central system
1701:
1700:
1697:Ottoman Empire
1689:
1688:
1681:
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1659:
1647:
1646:External links
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1332:978-0231139243
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1298:978-1136827068
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1033:"北京保利国际拍卖有限公司"
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1007:Ottoman titles
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957:Kazakh khanate
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721:Abai Kunanbaev
688:The variation
668:North Caucasus
630:
629:
580:Mani Peninsula
540:
539:
531:
525:
522:Bey al-Mahalla
519:
513:
496:). Notably in
418:
417:Beys elsewhere
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271:Middle Iranian
265:from the same
223:Middle Persian
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2126:Noble titles
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107:Middle East
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2036:Beylerbeys
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1264:0231107862
1019:References
992:Skanderbeg
987:Khagan Bek
681:under the
569:Shitta-Bey
535:Beylerbeyi
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473:, such as
471:High Porte
421:The title
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269:root. All
175:Kyrgyzstan
171:Kazakhstan
167:Tajikistan
163:Uzbekistan
105:, and the
103:South Asia
1951:divisions
1795:Kazaskers
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1536:Summary:
1127:22 August
967:Beylerbey
930:romanized
896:romanized
779:romanized
750:Hungarian
607:Qusantina
381:Altishahr
193:Etymology
95:honorific
93:, and an
91:chieftain
2069:Kadiluks
2043:Vilayets
1730:Seraglio
1372:10 March
1338:10 March
1304:10 March
1270:24 April
1236:23 April
1211:24 April
1189:(2010),
1057:22 March
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936:bēh, bek
871:Croatian
863:Albanian
730:and the
658:and The
628:in 1848.
592:Petrobey
336:Mandarin
298:Bactrian
291:Parthian
246:Sanskrit
129:and the
123:emirates
119:khanates
115:Timurids
111:Ottomans
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18:Beylical
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1961:Millets
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1790:Viziers
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781::
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636:in the
626:Algeria
576:Ottoman
574:In the
564:by the
562:Nigeria
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373:Uyghurs
328:Chinese
323:(rich).
281:(plur.
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647:. The
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599:Beylik
500:, the
427:Arabic
377:Turkic
330:title
244:; cf.
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179:Uzbeks
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143:county
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1969:Islam
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1769:Porte
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1227:"Bāḡ"
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