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1642:(NATAF) would bomb Axis airfields. An RAF forward observation officer was to brief pilots by nominating landmarks, marking targets with red and blue smoke; friendly troops were to use orange smoke and the artillery would fire smoke shells to signal to the aircrews. On 24 March, Arnim doubted that an Eighth Army attack was likely and was more concerned about Maknassy further north. Despite the slow advance in the south, Arnim wanted the 1st Army to withdraw to Wadi Akarit on 25 March but Liebenstein and Messe preferred to counter-attack with the 15th Panzer Division. The threat to Maknassy and the possibility of the II US Corps reaching Gabès and cutting off the 1st Army, meant that they had to retire from Mareth and then from Tebaga.
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1219:(LRDG) attacked Axis supply lines and hundreds of lorries were stranded along the roads for lack of fuel, while the Eighth Army amassed fuel and ammunition for its next attack. On 13 January 1943, the infantry of the 21st Panzer Division were sent north to the 5th Panzer Army to protect Gabès. On 15 January, the Eighth Army attacked with
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a further Axis withdrawal to a new line 15 mi (24 km) to the rear of Gabès at Wadi Akarit, while the 164th Light, 15th Panzer and 21st Panzer divisions fought rearguard actions. El Hamma was evacuated on 29 March, leaving the way open for the 1st
Armoured Division to advance northward with the New Zealand Corps on their right.
1309:, the designer and garrison commander of the Mareth Line in the 1930s, was available in Algiers, to provide information and advice for the attack. In the original plan, Montgomery wrote "...the object of Operation Pugilist is to destroy the enemy now opposing Eighth Army in the Mareth Line and to advance and capture Sfax".
1695:
By 28 March, General Messe gave the order that all Axis forces on the Mareth Line be withdrawn to face X Corps and New
Zealand Corps on their right flank but by holding up the 1st Armoured Division at El Hamma, managed to avoid encirclement. On 29 March, the New Zealand Corps took Gabès, which forced
1686:
the 1st
Armoured Division advanced through the gap and rapidly moved on El Hamma, 20 mi (32 km) to the north-east, halfway to Gabès on the coast. On the morning of 27 March, the 15th Panzer Division was brought out of reserve to counter-attack the New Zealand Corps on their right flank. By
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The New
Zealand Corps advance was planned in three stages, from a 20 mi (32 km) night march to Wadi bel Krecheb 19 March, a second night march of 40 mi (64 km) to just short of the Tebaga Gap and then the capture of the entrance to the gap at first light on 21 March or as soon as
1231:
tanks. That evening Rommel ordered another retreat; lack of fuel and apprehension about the threat to Gabès, led the retreating infantry to pass beyond the
Tarhuna–Homs line. The British occupied Tripoli on 23 January (the Axis retreat from El Alamein had covered 1,400 mi (2,300 km). On 13
1735:
My very best congratulations to NZ Corps and 10 Corps on splendid results achieved by the left hook. These results have led to the complete disintegration of the enemy resistance and the whole Mareth position. Give my congratulations to all your officers and men, and tell them how pleased I am with
1691:
the attack had been repulsed and the New
Zealand Corps advanced into the hills on their right. By the evening of 27 March, German resistance had been broken and the line of communication forward to the 1st Armoured Division secured, the division having been halted by the defences of El Hamma, while
1661:
and then infantry on foot. It appeared that the 164th Light and 21st Panzer divisions had not expected a daylight assault and had been surprised; the setting sun, wind and dust had made observation difficult. The
British tanks had been ordered to press on and the infantry also managed a quick pace,
1573:
to capture Height 184. The New
Zealand Corps was to attack into the Tebaga Gap on a two-brigade front and capture the Axis defences from Djebel Tebaga to Djebel Melab, which would be exploited by the 1st Armoured Division. After assembling during the night and lying in concealed positions all day,
1754:
German. The 15th Panzer
Division had suffered many losses, the 164th Light Afrika Division lost most of its weapons and vehicles. The 80th Infantry Division "La Spezia" suffered losses of nearly 50 per cent and the 16th Infantry Division "Pistoia" was almost annihilated; several Italian divisions
1254:
where the north–south coast opens to the east, a semi-arid, scrub covered coastal plain is met inland by the
Matmata Hills which lie south to north. Across the plain in a line roughly south-west to north-east was the Mareth Line, fortifications built by the French in the 1930s. In the north, the
1523:
Axis positions. The corps had relatively few infantry and relied on its artillery to break Axis troop morale, with air support provided by fighters and bombers. A simultaneous frontal attack by XXX Corps on the Mareth Line would divide enemy attention and hamper an Axis counter-attack; the
1459:
In early January 1943, a LRDG patrol had found a pass into the Jebel Dahar, which was given the name Wilder's Gap. A later patrol penetrated to the Tebaga Gap and proved that the route was practicable. The patrol demonstrated the weakness of Axis defences by going further north to
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the tanks had waited for the moonlight. Freyberg persuaded Horrocks that the New Zealand Corps, en route to El Hamma to link with the 1st Armoured Division, should branch off to the right to avoid the Axis defences at El Hamma and head across the broken ground direct to Gabès.
1586:
and a creeping barrage by the New Zealand and X Corps artillery. The attacking troops were to move to high ground 2,000 yd (1,800 m) forward and then to a second objective at a wadi 2,500 yd (2,300 m) further on. The 1st Armoured Division, led by the
1361:), could not afford to lose men he needed to defend the Mareth Line, abandoned the effort at dusk. The Eighth Army remained alert overnight in case of another Axis attempt and sent forward patrols to reconnoitre and demolish knocked-out Axis tanks. During the day the
1514:. An attack by X Corps from Al-Hamma to Gabès would cut off the 1st Army defenders of the Mareth positions and give the New Zealand Corps the opportunity to advance 80 mi (130 km) up the coast to Sfax and the landing grounds on the west side of the town.
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of X Corps to reinforce the New Zealand Corps from reserve, where it was waiting to exploit the anticipated breakthroughs by either XXX Corps or the New Zealand Corps and Horrocks, with the X Corps Headquarters to take control of operations in the Tebaga Gap.
1290:
The Mareth Line followed the line of Wadi Zigzaou, a natural tank obstacle with steep banks rising up to 70 ft (21 m) high; the north-west side had been fortified by the French and subsequently reinforced. The wadi crosses the coastal plain from
1381:. On 7 March, the Axis forces began to withdraw north towards the Mareth Line. The Eighth Army pursued, slowed by rain. The Battle of Medenine was Rommel's last action in the North African Campaign. He returned to Europe for good soon afterwards.
1035:
months previously. On 19 March 1943, Operation Pugilist, the first British attack, established a bridgehead but a break-out attempt was defeated by Axis counter-attacks. Pugilist established an alternative route of attack and
1666:. On the left, a minefield covered by anti-tank guns was bypassed on both sides to close up to the second objective, clearing a gap for the 1st Armoured Division, despite many Axis posts holding out in the vicinity.
1354:
decrypts of German wireless communications, the British rushed reinforcements from Tripoli and Benghazi before the Axis attack, which was a costly failure. General Erwin Rommel, the commander of Army Group Africa
1439:, 35 British tanks and 200 prisoners. British forces held their positions until darkness. On 24 March all the British attacking forces were recalled. XXX Corps prepared a new attack towards Tallouf, in which the
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position as the terminus of the retreat, even though the position had a front of 110 mi (180 km), its strongpoints were up to 5 mi (8.0 km) apart, too far for mutual support and only
1305:
impassable for motorised transport, and so had not extended the Mareth Line any further inland, but in 1943, motor vehicles had much better performance. The British had an advantage because General
1087:
in Egypt managed to evade British outflanking moves but traffic jams, fuel shortages, poor weather and air attacks reduced the speed of their retreat to 6–7 mi (9.7–11.3 km) per day.
2142:
Also known as the Gabès gap, the coastal strip from Gabès to Wadi Akarit from the sea to the Chott el Fedjadj and the northwards ridges extending to the heights of Djebel Tebaga Fatnassa.
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arriving on the first objective and then kept going, despite increasing resistance and delays. An armoured regiment pressed on to Wadi Aisoub beyond the second objective, followed by the
1184:, then swiftly return to force back the Eighth Army. At a meeting with Hitler on 28 November, Rommel discussed the proposal but received only a promise of more supplies. On the night of
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was very slow, although they did secure the entrance to the gap. On the Mareth Line, XXX Corps made some progress but did not break through. On 23 March, Montgomery ordered the
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anti-aircraft batteries, was on the coast, the 1st Luftwaffe Brigade, little stronger than a battalion, was behind the "Giovani Fascisti" and the Panzer Grenadier Regiment
1208:
by the First Army in southern Tunisia. The supply situation was a little better, with 152 long tons (154 t) tons of the 400 long tons (410 t) required daily, but
1484:) were seconded to provide adequate HQ personnel for the new New Zealand Corps, too big for one divisional staff, which caused some friction between the two generals.
2630:. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945 (online scan ed.). Wellington, NZ: War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs.
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near Zarat. Rain and the nature of the terrain prevented the deployment of tanks, aircraft or anti-tank guns, which left the infantry isolated. A counter-attack by
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between the Matmata Hills and the Djebel Tebaga, another line of high ground to the west of the gap, running east–west. North and west of this feature is the
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intended them to hold the line indefinitely but Rommel considered it too vulnerable to another flanking move, unlike the Wadi Akarit position further back.
1612:
RAF heavy bombers would begin harassment of the Axis defenders led by General Messe the night before, with attacks on transport and communications until
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in the Gabès area, 120 mi (190 km) further west, where the non-motorised troops could defend a narrow gap between the Mediterranean and the
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1937:
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The corps was disbanded and its elements were distributed between X and XXX corps. On 30 March, Montgomery sent the following message to Freyberg,
1232:
February, the last Axis soldiers left Libya and on 15 February, the rearguard reached the Mareth Line, 80 mi (130 km) inside Tunisia.
2076:
2592:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. IV (Naval & Military Press, Uckfield ed.). London: HMSO.
2666:
2773:. The U.S. Army in World War II (online scan ed.). Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History Department of the Army.
414:
2660:
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Day bombers would then begin low-altitude pattern bombing, to add to Axis disorganisation, followed by relays of fighter-bombers every
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The New Zealand Corps engaged the Axis troops in the Tebaga Gap on 21 March but progress over the next four days against the
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712:
702:
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to an area 3,000 yd (2,700 m) beyond the New Zealand Corps final objective and as soon as the moon rose (at about
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Hills via Wilder's Gap, into the Jebel Dahar, with the assembly of the force concealed from Axis reconnaissance. Staff from
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1967:
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Operation Supercharge II was planned to start on the afternoon of 26 March, with a preliminary operation on the night of
1541:
1424:
1579:
1575:
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621:
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2129:). For the first time, German units came under Italian command, albeit with a German "liaison" officer, Major-General
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was planned. Montgomery reinforced the flanking attack, which from 26 to 31 March, forced the 1st Army to retreat to
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on 29 December but it was poorly fortified, wide open to an outflanking manoeuvre and vulnerable to an attack on
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1279:. Gabès lies on the coast, where the plain meets the route from the Tebaga Gap. North of Gabès, the road to
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many from the 50th Northumbrian Infantry Division and a large number of tanks; the New Zealand Corps lost
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and on 2 February, made contact with the First Army advancing from the west. Montgomery reinforced the
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of southern Tunisia, with difficult rocky ridge lines and desert, limited manoeuvre; opposite the
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1502:, which overlooks the coast road north of Gabès. The flank of the advance was to be protected by
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resumed its retreat, and despite its chronic fuel shortage, evaded another outflanking move. The
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and only 50 long tons (51 t) of the 400 long tons (410 t) of supplies it needed daily.
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167:
2771:"The Mediterranean Theatre of Operations: Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative in the West"
1944:
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50:
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had made a maximum effort with little effect against the Allied anti-aircraft defence and the
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around the inland end of the line, coinciding with a wide left hook manoeuvre by Montgomery.
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2562:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. IV. London:
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The Axis forces, despite withdrawing in relatively good order to Wadi Akarit, lost over
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from October 1942) took place from 5 November 1942 to 15 February 1943. On 8 November,
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1287:, was the only route north for the Eighth Army and it was blocked by the Mareth Line.
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On 31 March, Operation Supercharge II was terminated, having cost the Eighth Army
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A captured German and a wounded British soldier share a cigarette after the battle
2130:
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1657:. The attack began with the 8th Armoured Brigade, followed by infantry battalion
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The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Destruction of the Axis Forces in Africa
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on 6 March 1943. The operation was intended to delay an attack by the British
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By dark a gap in the defences had been made; pausing until moonrise at
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to threaten Axis communications and pin down reinforcements from Sfax.
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in Rome and OKW in Berlin took an optimistic view of the situation and
1041:
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would escort the bombers and fighter-bombers and the remainder of the
1364:
2489:"Axis Order of Battle 10 June 1940 - The Italian Invasion of France"
399:
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1499:
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53:
field gun in action at night, during the assault on the Mareth Line
1472:) and renamed it the New Zealand Corps, for an attack through the
1205:
2828:] (in Italian) (4th ed.). Padova: Editrice La Lucciola.
1339:
1296:
1181:
75:
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1212:
of the fuel had been used distributing supplies or in retreat.
1201:
1018:). It was the first big operation by the Eighth Army since the
2701:
covering events in NW Africa, 8 November 1942 – 13 May 1943".
1859:
One Battery 53rd Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
1492:
Mareth Line and attacks by Eighth Army on it during March 1943
1435:
and the "Giovani Fascisti" on 22 March recaptured much of the
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and into the Matmata Hills beyond. In 1938, the French judged
2538:
The German Army 1933–1945: its Political and Military Failure
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An Italian pilot climbs into a Macchi 202 during the battle
1280:
2521:. London: The Bodley Head (for the Army Records Society).
2422:
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Division, were the only mobile infantry groups available.
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of the 1st Armoured Division enter El Hamma, 29 March 1943
2697:(1946). "Official despatch by Kenneth Anderson, GOC-in-C
2194:
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2170:
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watched the main Gabès–Mareth road. These and the 164th
2899:
Battles and operations of World War II involving Greece
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the British attacked and on the following evening, the
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Northwest Africa, Chapter XXVII, Mareth to Enfidaville
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possible afterwards. The corps would then advance to
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Battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
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The planning emphasized surprise and the ability to
1406:
advancing during the Battle of the Mareth Line, 1943
1048:, another 40 mi (64 km) back in Tunisia.
2790:
2726:(Supplement). 5 November 1946. pp. 5449–5464.
2062:List of British military equipment of World War II
1334:/Operation Capri), was an Axis spoiling attack at
1168:. The tanks and motorised infantry would join the
2665:. The US Army Campaigns of WWII. Washington, DC:
2072:List of German military equipment of World War II
2067:List of French military equipment of World War II
2855:
2645:– via New Zealand Electronic Text Centre.
1056:
2077:List of Italian Army equipment in World War II
1081:began in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, as the
2879:Battles of World War II involving New Zealand
2667:United States Army Center of Military History
1653:and the Allied artillery commenced firing at
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2560:Grand Strategy: August 1942 – September 1943
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1427:) managed to penetrate the line held by the
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1275:country and then the impassable sand of the
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1938:136th Armoured Division "Giovani Fascisti"
1429:136th Armoured Division "Giovani Fascisti"
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1255:hills and the line of forts ended at the
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2894:Battles of World War II involving France
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1856:57th Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery
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1528:of the First Army would advance through
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1176:) further north, drive back the British
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16:Battle of World War II fought in Tunisia
2889:Battles of World War II involving Italy
2819:
2752:The Mareth Line 1943: The End in Africa
2733:Italian Soldier in North Africa 1941–43
2662:Tunisia 17 November 1942 to 13 May 1943
2623:
2540:. Briarcliff Manor, NY: Stein and Day.
2440:
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2624:Stevens, Major-General W. G. (1962).
1803:50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division
1421:50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division
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2115:On 23 February 1943 the name of the
1640:Northwest African Tactical Air Force
1419:) commenced Operation Pugilist. The
1402: – Painting of the
2611:. Panther Books. London: Hamilton.
1899:
1578:was to attack on the right and the
1267:and west of the Matmata Hills, dry
1040:, an outflanking manoeuvre via the
13:
2651:
2464:
2458:
2121:was changed for the last time, to
1962:80th Infantry Division "La Spezia"
1933:101st Motorised Division "Trieste"
1831:(Lieut.-General Bernard Freyberg)
1758:
14:
2915:
2842:
1957:16th Motorised Division "Pistoia"
1808:51st (Highland) Infantry Division
2731:Battistelli, Pier Paolo (2013).
2582:Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.
1876:(Lieut.-General Brian Horrocks)
1787:(General Sir Bernard Montgomery)
1200:took up a defensive position at
1068:Deutsch-Italienische Panzerarmee
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185:
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43:
2815:– via Archive Foundation.
2677:. CMH Pub 72-12. Archived from
2495:from the original on 2010-01-02
2480:
2087:North African campaign timeline
1447:) would make a night attack on
1404:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders
1283:passes between the sea and the
2519:Montgomery and the Eighth Army
2136:
2109:
1074:Armata Corazzata Italo-Tedesca
1:
2695:Anderson, Lt.-General Kenneth
2659:Anderson, Charles R. (1990).
2607:Schmid, Heinz Werner (1955).
2509:
1892:, less King's Dragoon Guards)
1704:
1582:on the left, preceded by the
1535:
1051:
2793:Rommel as Military Commander
2149:
2092:List of World War II Battles
1813:4th Indian Infantry Division
1699:
1454:
1441:4th Indian Infantry Division
1160:Rommel wanted to retreat to
1057:Axis retreat from El Alamein
7:
2055:
1020:Second Battle of El Alamein
10:
2920:
2820:Mugnone, Giuseppe (1962).
1890:4th Light Armoured Brigade
1664:23rd New Zealand Battalion
1651:21st New Zealand Battalion
1321:
1312:
1241:
2609:With Rommel in the Desert
1895:Free French Flying Column
1846:1st King's Dragoon Guards
1591:, was to move through at
1512:1st King's Dragoon Guards
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1010:held by the Italo-German
984:Battle of the Mareth Line
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42:
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26:Battle of the Mareth Line
25:
2822:I ragazzi di Bir el Gobi
2769:Howe, George F. (1957).
2536:Cooper, Matthew (1978).
2102:
1905:(General Giovanni Messe)
1836:2nd New Zealand Division
1565:Operation Supercharge II
1466:2nd New Zealand Division
1328:The Battle of Medenine (
1038:Operation Supercharge II
2826:The Lads at Bir el Gobi
2584:; et al. (2004) .
1781:to bomb the Mareth Line
1580:6th New Zealand Brigade
1576:5th New Zealand Brigade
1506:forces (led by General
1217:Long Range Desert Group
583:Western Desert campaign
375:seventy-five 88 mm guns
2117:
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2038:batteries and several
1850:64th Medium Regiment,
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570:North African campaign
234:Commanders and leaders
2781:– via Hyperwar.
2627:Bardia to Enfidaville
1886:7th Armoured Division
1881:1st Armoured Division
1823:23rd Armoured Brigade
1771:
1733:
1712:
1672:
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1599:advance on El Hamma.
1554:1st Armoured Division
1490:
1397:
1174:Hans-Jürgen von Arnim
1150:
990:was an attack in the
380:Casualties and losses
367:73,500 of 115,000 men
364:90,000 of 123,690 men
2681:on 17 September 2017
2323:, pp. 329, 331.
2017:10th Panzer Division
2006:21st Panzer Division
1985:15th Panzer Division
1841:8th Armoured Brigade
1818:201st Guards Brigade
1589:2nd Armoured Brigade
1584:8th Armoured Brigade
1550:21st Panzer Division
1480:(Lieutenant-General
1468:(Lieutenant-General
1433:15th Panzer Division
1415:(Lieutenant-General
2517:Brooks, S. (1991).
2431:, pp. 248–249.
2407:, pp. 353–354.
2395:, pp. 351–353.
2383:, pp. 350–351.
2371:, pp. 347–349.
2359:, pp. 347–348.
2335:, pp. 178–191.
2299:, pp. 343–344.
2287:, pp. 337–342.
2203:, pp. 392–394.
2191:, pp. 389–392.
2179:, pp. 388–389.
1764:British Eighth Army
1736:all they have done.
1645:Height 184 fell at
1358:Heeresgruppe Afrika
708:Battle of Point 175
93: /
2754:. Oxford: Osprey.
2750:Ford, Ken (2012).
2735:. Oxford: Osprey.
2723:The London Gazette
2703:The London Gazette
2487:Mulholland, John.
2097:Panzer Army Africa
2032:19th Flak Division
1784:
1755:were amalgamated.
1717:
1680:
1610:
1495:
1411:On 19 March 1943,
1409:
1390:Operation Pugilist
1324:Battle of Medenine
1318:Battle of Medenine
1277:Grand Erg Oriental
1180:from Tunisia into
1158:
1142:12 field howitzers
1139:12 anti-tank guns,
1063:Panzer Army Africa
1000:Bernard Montgomery
373:480 anti-tank guns
249:Bernard Montgomery
2904:March 1943 events
2864:Tunisian campaign
2812:978-1-84415-040-3
2761:978-1-78200-299-4
2742:978-1-78096-855-1
2599:978-1-84574-068-9
2573:978-0-11-630075-1
2547:978-0-8128-2468-1
2528:978-0-370-31723-6
1829:New Zealand Corps
1775:Martin Baltimores
1721:4,000 casualties,
1556:of Major-General
1373:Regia Aeronautica
1331:Unternehmen Capri
1172:(Colonel-General
1136:16 armoured cars,
1084:Panzeramee Afrika
977:
976:
590:Invasion of Egypt
534:
533:
433:Tunisian campaign
398:
397:
120:
119:
97:33.633°N 10.300°E
2911:
2837:
2816:
2796:
2782:
2765:
2746:
2727:
2714:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2620:
2603:
2586:Butler, J. R. M.
2577:
2551:
2532:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2491:. Axis History.
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2465:Wendel, Marcus.
2462:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2123:1st Italian Army
2120:
2113:
2082:Tunisia Campaign
2047:
2041:
2037:
1900:Italian 1st Army
1865:(with the Greek
1777:taking off from
1753:
1749:
1748:7,000 prisoners,
1742:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1690:
1685:
1656:
1648:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1598:
1594:
1572:
1522:
1508:Philippe Leclerc
1470:Bernard Freyberg
1450:
1379:Desert Air Force
1376:
1368:
1360:
1350:. Forewarned by
1333:
1304:
1274:
1237:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1211:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1113:
1100:
1094:
1086:
1076:
1070:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1014:(led by General
998:(led by General
992:Second World War
988:Battle of Mareth
573:
571:
561:
554:
547:
538:
537:
436:
434:
424:
417:
410:
401:
400:
392:
351:
350:
339:
338:
323:
319:
318:
308:
307:
295:
294:
285:
281:
280:
279:
272:Bernard Freyberg
270:
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138:
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103:
98:
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91:
90:
89:
86:
65:16–31 March 1943
59:
58:
47:
37:Second World War
33:Tunisia Campaign
23:
22:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2854:
2853:
2845:
2840:
2813:
2803:Pen & Sword
2762:
2743:
2716:
2684:
2682:
2654:
2652:Further reading
2649:
2640:
2638:
2600:
2574:
2548:
2529:
2512:
2507:
2498:
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2171:
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2156:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2131:Fritz Bayerlein
2114:
2110:
2105:
2058:
2039:
2035:
2034:, with sixteen
1902:
1867:Sacred Squadron
1852:Royal Artillery
1782:
1766:
1761:
1759:Order of battle
1751:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1688:
1683:
1678:
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1646:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1596:
1592:
1570:
1567:
1538:
1493:
1457:
1448:
1443:(Major-General
1423:(Major-General
1407:
1392:
1387:
1326:
1320:
1315:
1307:Georges Catroux
1265:Chott el Djerid
1244:
1235:Comando Supremo
1228:
1224:
1220:
1209:
1186:11/12 December,
1185:
1170:5th Panzer Army
1156:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1111:
1098:Comando Supremo
1091:Comando Supremo
1079:Operation Torch
1061:The retreat of
1059:
1054:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
994:by the British
980:
979:
978:
973:
890:
883:
828:
819:
713:2nd Bir el Gubi
703:1st Bir el Gubi
586:
574:
569:
567:
565:
535:
530:
437:
432:
430:
428:
374:
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370:
368:
345:
333:
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312:
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301:
289:
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277:
275:
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266:
264:
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255:
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217:
215:
202:
200:
184:
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172:
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161:
159:
147:
145:
133:
131:
116:British victory
101:
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80:
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78:
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2917:
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2896:
2891:
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2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2852:
2851:
2844:
2843:External links
2841:
2839:
2838:
2817:
2811:
2783:
2766:
2760:
2747:
2741:
2728:
2691:
2655:
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2572:
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2546:
2533:
2527:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2479:
2469:. Axis History
2467:"Italian Army"
2457:
2455:, p. 228.
2445:
2443:, p. 248.
2433:
2421:
2419:, p. 211.
2409:
2397:
2385:
2373:
2361:
2349:
2347:, p. 347.
2337:
2325:
2313:
2311:, p. 337.
2301:
2289:
2277:
2275:, p. 333.
2265:
2263:, p. 175.
2253:
2251:, p. 133.
2241:
2239:, p. 347.
2229:
2227:, p. 154.
2217:
2215:, p. 315.
2205:
2193:
2181:
2169:
2167:, p. 173.
2153:
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2148:
2145:
2144:
2135:
2127:Giovanni Messe
2107:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2057:
2054:
2050:Leichte Afrika
2028:
2027:
2019:
2009:
2008:
1998:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1975:
1974:
1970:Leichte Afrika
1964:
1959:
1945:XXI Army Corps
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1926:Leichte Afrika
1916:Taddeo Orlando
1907:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1883:
1871:
1870:
1860:
1857:
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1815:
1810:
1805:
1798:Oliver Leese)
1796:Lieut.-General
1789:
1788:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1738:
1713:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1675:Crusader tanks
1673:
1606:
1566:
1563:
1558:Raymond Briggs
1537:
1534:
1491:
1482:Brian Horrocks
1456:
1453:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1322:Main article:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1248:broken terrain
1243:
1240:
1154:Giovanni Messe
1151:
1103:Mersa-el-Brega
1065:(known as the
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1016:Giovanni Messe
1006:, against the
975:
974:
972:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
906:
904:Kasserine Pass
901:
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656:Raid on Bardia
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456:Kasserine Pass
453:
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395:
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382:
381:
377:
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365:
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356:
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343:
330:
329:
328:Units involved
325:
324:
310:Taddeo Orlando
298:Giovanni Messe
286:
283:Brian Horrocks
236:
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140:United Kingdom
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2787:Lewin, Ronald
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2763:
2757:
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2724:
2719:
2715:published in
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2483:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2442:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2418:
2413:
2406:
2405:Playfair 2004
2401:
2394:
2393:Playfair 2004
2389:
2382:
2381:Playfair 2004
2377:
2370:
2369:Playfair 2004
2365:
2358:
2357:Playfair 2004
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2345:Playfair 2004
2341:
2334:
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2322:
2321:Playfair 2004
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2309:Playfair 2004
2305:
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2297:Playfair 2004
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2285:Playfair 2004
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2273:Playfair 2004
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2250:
2245:
2238:
2233:
2226:
2221:
2214:
2213:Playfair 2004
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2202:
2197:
2190:
2185:
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2139:
2132:
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2007:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1996:Saharan Group
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1982:
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1971:
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1950:Paolo Berardi
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1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1927:
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1920:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1911:XX Army Corps
1904:
1903:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
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1868:
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1863:Leclerc Force
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1445:Francis Tuker
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1261:mountain pass
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1126:
1125:
1120:arrived, the
1118:
1112:30,000 mines.
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548:
543:
542:
539:
527:
526:
522:
520:
519:
515:
513:
512:
508:
506:
505:
501:
499:
496:
494:
493:Longstop Hill
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
468:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
446:Run for Tunis
444:
443:
440:
435:
425:
420:
418:
413:
411:
406:
405:
402:
393:
388:7,000 (
387:
384:
383:
378:
371:139–220 tanks
366:
363:
362:
357:
354:
349:
344:
342:
337:
332:
331:
326:
322:
321:Paolo Berardi
317:
311:
306:
300:
299:
293:
287:
284:
273:
262:
251:
250:
238:
237:
232:
225:
213:
210:
198:
197:
195:
193:
188:
182:
169:
155:
154:British India
144:
143:
142:
141:
129:
128:
123:
115:
112:
111:
106:
77:
72:
69:
68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
52:
46:
41:
38:
34:
29:
24:
19:
2825:
2821:
2792:
2751:
2732:
2721:
2702:
2683:. Retrieved
2679:the original
2661:
2639:. Retrieved
2626:
2608:
2589:
2559:
2537:
2518:
2497:. Retrieved
2482:
2471:. Retrieved
2460:
2448:
2441:Stevens 1962
2436:
2429:Stevens 1962
2424:
2412:
2400:
2388:
2376:
2364:
2352:
2340:
2333:Stevens 1962
2328:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2280:
2268:
2261:Stevens 1962
2256:
2249:Stevens 1962
2244:
2232:
2225:Stevens 1962
2220:
2208:
2196:
2184:
2172:
2165:Stevens 1962
2138:
2111:
2049:
2029:
2022:
2011:Gafsa front
2010:
2000:Uncommitted
1999:
1990:
1989:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1943:
1942:
1925:
1909:
1908:
1873:
1872:
1828:
1827:
1791:
1790:
1745:
1734:
1718:
1694:
1681:
1644:
1611:
1597:11:15 p.m.),
1568:
1543:
1542:164th Light
1539:
1516:
1496:
1458:
1425:John Nichols
1417:Oliver Leese
1410:
1399:
1327:
1289:
1245:
1214:
1166:Chott Djerid
1159:
1124:Afrika Korps
1060:
987:
983:
981:
967:
960:
953:
946:
920:
909:
899:Sidi Bou Zid
885:
877:
872:Port Lyautey
865:
858:
846:
839:
832:
823:
821:
796:
787:
773:
766:
759:
752:
737:Mersa Matruh
696:
689:
682:
675:
668:
661:Twin Pimples
644:
612:Sidi Barrani
602:Fort Capuzzo
595:
581:
524:
517:
510:
503:
477:
466:
451:Sidi Bou Zid
296:
261:Oliver Leese
247:
130:
125:Belligerents
31:Part of the
18:
2718:"No. 37779"
2453:Schmid 1955
2417:Brooks 1991
2237:Howard 1972
2201:Cooper 1978
2189:Cooper 1978
2177:Cooper 1978
2118:Panzerarmee
2030:The German
1888:(including
1779:Ben Gardane
1684:11:00 p.m.,
1571:25/26 March
1526:II US Corps
1504:Free French
1449:23/24 March
1348:Mareth Line
1344:Eighth Army
1302:Jebel Dahar
1271:Jebel Dahar
1210:95 per cent
1197:Panzerarmee
1191:Panzerarmee
1162:Wadi Akarit
1117:Panzerarmee
1046:Wadi Akarit
1008:Mareth Line
996:Eighth Army
961:Retribution
931:Wadi Akarit
921:Mareth Line
803:2nd Alamein
742:1st Alamein
645:Sonnenblume
518:Retribution
488:Wadi Akarit
478:Mareth Line
341:Eighth Army
181:Free France
168:New Zealand
100: /
2869:Code names
2858:Categories
2705:. London.
2699:First Army
2556:Howard, M.
2510:References
2499:2009-10-04
2473:2009-10-04
1752:2,500 were
1741:Montgomery
1705:Casualties
1689:9:00 a.m.,
1618:15 minutes
1536:Tebaga Gap
1530:El Guettar
1510:) and the
1437:bridgehead
1257:Tebaga Gap
1229:57 Italian
1178:First Army
1130:5,000 men,
1107:El Agheila
1101:chose the
1052:Background
1042:Tebaga Gap
926:El Guettar
910:Ochsenkopf
853:Casablanca
847:Blackstone
815:El Agheila
782:Camouflage
747:Alam Halfa
730:Bir Hakeim
483:El Guettar
467:Ochsenkopf
51:25-pounder
49:A British
2779:431976022
2711:0374-3721
2675:835850360
2150:Footnotes
2125:(General
1948:(General
1914:(General
1792:XXX Corps
1700:Aftermath
1655:4:00 p.m.
1647:2:50 a.m.
1636:Spitfires
1614:3:30 p.m.
1593:6:15 p.m.
1455:Left hook
1413:XXX Corps
1400:Zero Hour
1365:Luftwaffe
1225:36 German
1221:450 tanks
1133:35 tanks,
1128:had only
1114:When the
878:Brushwood
859:Reservist
753:Agreement
720:Fort Lamy
683:Battleaxe
627:Beda Fomm
461:Sedjenane
74:Southern
2834:81301705
2799:Barnsley
2789:(2004).
2641:10 March
2617:67441147
2558:(1972).
2493:Archived
2056:See also
2023:Centauro
1972:Division
1928:Division
1750:of whom
1739:—
1729:945 men.
1725:51 tanks
1659:carriers
1546:Division
1500:El Hamma
1336:Medenine
1223:against
1152:General
1012:1st Army
941:Hill 609
916:Medenine
866:Terminal
833:Flagpole
797:Braganza
690:Crusader
676:Skorpion
639:Giarabub
498:Hill 609
473:Medenine
369:455 guns
359:Strength
353:1st Army
70:Location
2685:29 June
2636:4377202
2588:(ed.).
2015:German
2004:German
1983:German
1978:Reserve
1966:German
1922:German
1874:X Corps
1649:to the
1634:hours.
1629:⁄
1478:X Corps
1474:Matmata
1346:on the
1340:Tunisia
1313:Prelude
1297:Toujane
1242:Terrain
1182:Algeria
1030:⁄
1004:Tunisia
986:or the
887:Tunisia
840:Kingpin
788:Bertram
767:Caravan
697:Flipper
669:Brevity
622:Mechili
607:Nibeiwa
596:Compass
224:Germany
88:10°18′E
85:33°38′N
76:Tunisia
35:of the
2832:
2809:
2777:
2758:
2739:
2709:
2673:
2634:
2615:
2596:
2570:
2544:
2525:
2045:Afrika
1991:Tebaga
1968:164th
1544:Afrika
1385:Battle
1285:chotts
1202:Buerat
968:Strike
947:Vulcan
774:Nicety
760:Bigamy
725:Gazala
651:Tobruk
617:Bardia
525:Strike
504:Vulcan
221:
206:
192:Greece
178:
165:
151:
137:
113:Result
2824:[
2103:Notes
2040:20 mm
2036:88 mm
2025:Group
1924:90th
1520:Blitz
1462:Gafsa
1352:Ultra
1293:Zarat
1252:bight
1206:Gabès
1002:) in
824:Torch
634:Kufra
385:4,000
209:Italy
2830:OCLC
2807:ISBN
2775:OCLC
2756:ISBN
2737:ISBN
2707:ISSN
2687:2010
2671:OCLC
2643:2015
2632:OCLC
2613:OCLC
2594:ISBN
2568:ISBN
2564:HMSO
2542:ISBN
2523:ISBN
1773:RAF
1727:and
1620:for
1574:the
1548:and
1369:and
1281:Sfax
1259:, a
1246:The
1227:and
1215:The
982:The
954:Flax
511:Flax
62:Date
1338:in
1295:to
391:POW
2860::
2805:.
2801::
2797:.
2720:.
2669:.
2566:.
2157:^
1952:)
1918:)
2836:.
2764:.
2745:.
2713:.
2689:.
2619:.
2602:.
2576:.
2550:.
2531:.
2502:.
2476:.
2133:.
1869:)
1794:(
1631:2
1627:1
1624:+
1622:2
1355:(
1105:–
1071:/
1032:2
1028:1
1025:+
1023:4
560:e
553:t
546:v
423:e
416:t
409:v
394:)
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