48:
175:
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destroyed the airfield. The bombing continued around Rabaul on 22 January, and early that morning a
Japanese force of between 3,000 and 4,000 troops landed just off New Ireland and waded ashore in deep water filled with dangerous mud pools. The 2/1st Independent Company had been dispersed around the island, and the Japanese took the main town of Kavieng without opposition; after a sharp fight around the airfield the commandos fell back towards the Sook River. That night, the invasion fleet approached Rabaul, and before dawn on 23 January, the South Seas Force entered Simpson Harbour and a force of around 5,000 troops, mainly from the 144th Infantry Regiment, commanded by Colonel
1144:
company of
Australians from the 2/22nd and the NGVR, but elsewhere the other two battalions of the South Seas Force were able to land at unguarded locations and began moving inland. Within hours, Lakunai airfield had been captured by the Japanese force. Assessing the situation as hopeless, Scanlan ordered "every man for himself", and Australian soldiers and civilians split into small groups, up to company size, and retreated through the jungle, moving along the north and south coasts. During the fighting on 23 January, the Australians lost two officers and 26 other ranks killed in action.
164:
125:
146:
111:
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1112:. On 20 January, over 100 Japanese aircraft attacked Rabaul in multiple waves. Eight Wirraways attacked, and in the ensuing fighting three RAAF planes were shot down, two crash-landed, and another was damaged. Six Australian aircrew were killed in action and five wounded. One of the attacking Japanese bombers was shot down by anti-aircraft fire. As a result of the intense air attacks, Australian
951:
1182:, around 160 were massacred on or about 4 February in four separate incidents around Tol and Waitavalo. Six men survived these killings and later described what had happened to a Court of Inquiry. The Australian government concluded the prisoners were marched into the jungle near Tol Plantation in small groups and were then
1249:. By mid-1943, the tide turned in favour of the Allies, who began an offensive in the Pacific aimed at advancing north through New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. By late November 1943 the Japanese force in Rabaul had been reduced by airpower, with a large raid being mounted from the aircraft carriers
1212:
According to
Japanese author Kengoro Tanaka, the operation to capture Rabaul was the only operation of the New Guinea campaign that was completely successful for the Japanese. Following the capture of Rabaul, the Japanese quickly repaired the damage to Rabaul's airfield, and Rabaul became the largest
1174:
organised unofficial rescue missions to New
Britain, and between March and May about 450 troops and civilians were evacuated by sea. Notwithstanding these efforts, Allied losses, particularly in relation to personnel captured, were very high, and casualties were heavily in favour of the Japanese. The
1143:
A series of desperate actions followed near the beaches around
Simpson Harbour, Keravia Bay and Raluana Point as the Australians attempted to turn back the attack. The 3rd Battalion, 144th Infantry Regiment, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Kuwada Ishiro, was held up at Vulcan Beach by a mixed
1152:
on New
Britain. Without supplies, their health and military effectiveness declined. Leaflets posted by Japanese patrols or dropped from planes stated in English, "you can find neither food nor way of escape in this island and you will only die of hunger unless you surrender." The Japanese commander,
1026:
Japanese planning began with aerial reconnaissance of the town, which sought to identify the dispositions of the defending troops. Planners, who had been flown from Guam to Truk, determined three possible schemes of manoeuvre based on these dispositions: a landing near Kokop, aimed at establishing a
958:
Throughout 1941, the Allies had planned to build Rabaul up as a "secure fleet anchorage" with plans to establish a radar station and a strong defensive minefield; however, these plans were ultimately shelved. Allied planners later determined that they did not have the capacity to expand the garrison
1307:
Large quantities of equipment were subsequently abandoned around Rabaul after the war, and it took over two years for the Allies to repatriate the
Japanese garrison that was captured after Japan surrendered. In the late 1950s, Japanese salvage companies began work to salvage many of the ship wrecks
1060:
In
December 1941, shortly before Japanese air raids began, most civilian men were forced to stay in Rabaul, but women who were not necessary to the defence of the base were evacuated. Starting on 4 January 1942, Rabaul came under attack by large numbers of Japanese carrier-based aircraft. After the
1051:
from the 55th
Cavalry Regiment, a battalion from the 55th Mountain Artillery Regiment and a company from the 55th Engineer Regiment. These forces would be supported by a large naval task force, and landing operations would be preceded by a heavy aerial campaign aimed at destroying Allied air assets
1135:
As the
Australian ground troops took up positions along the western shore of Blanche Bay where they prepared to meet the landing, the remaining RAAF elements, consisting of two Wirraways and one Hudson, were withdrawn to Lae. Once the aircraft had departed with a number of wounded, the Australians
1186:
by Japanese soldiers. At the nearby Waitavalo Plantation, another group of Australian prisoners were shot. The Allies later placed responsibility for the incident on Masao Kusunose, the commanding officer of the 144th Infantry Regiment, but in late 1946 he starved himself to death before he could
886:
By the end of the war, there was still a sizeable garrison at Rabaul, with large quantities of equipment that were subsequently abandoned. In the aftermath, it took the Allies over two years to repatriate the captured Japanese soldiers, while clean up efforts continued past the late 1950s. Many
1221:
on the island's western tip and several small outposts along the coast to provide stop-over points for small boats travelling between Rabaul and New Guinea. Meanwhile, a handful of Lark Force members remained at large on New Britain and New Ireland and, in conjunction with the local islanders,
1147:
Only the RAAF had made evacuation plans. Although initially ordered to turn his ground staff into infantrymen in a last-ditch effort to defend the island, Lerew insisted that they be evacuated and organised for them to be flown out by flying boat and his one remaining Hudson. In the days that
959:
around Rabaul, nor was the naval situation conducive to reinforcing it should the garrison come under attack. Nevertheless, the decision was made that the garrison would remain in place to hold Rabaul as a forward observation post. The main tasks of the garrison were protection of
1153:
Horii, tasked the 3rd Battalion, 144th Infantry Regiment with searching the southern part of the Gazelle Peninsula and securing the remaining Australians. Over 1,000 Australian soldiers were captured or surrendered during the following weeks after the Japanese landed a force at
1027:
beachhead; a landing on the north coast of Rabaul, followed by a drive on Rabaul from behind the main defences; or a multi-pronged landing focused on capturing the airfields and centre of the town. They settled upon the third option. The Japanese established a
935:, an anti-aircraft battery, an anti-tank battery and a detachment of the 2/10th Field Ambulance. The 2/22nd Battalion Band—which was also included in Lark Force—is perhaps the only military unit ever to have been entirely recruited from the ranks of the
1148:
followed the capture of Rabaul, the Japanese began mopping up operations, starting on 24 January. Australian soldiers remained at large in the interior of New Britain for many weeks, but Lark Force had made no preparations for
1011:. The capture of New Britain offered them a deep water harbour and airfields to provide protection to Truk and also to interdict Allied lines of communication between the United States and Australia. Following the capture of
1157:, on New Britain's south coast, on 9 February, severing the Australians' line of retreat. Following this, the Japanese reorganised their forces, occupying a line along the Keravat River, to prevent possible counterattacks.
879:, throughout 1943–1945, Allied forces later sought to isolate the Japanese garrison on Rabaul, rather than capturing it, largely using air power to do so, with US and Australian ground forces pursuing a limited campaign in
52:
Late January 1942. Australian soldiers (right centre) retreating from Rabaul cross the Warangoi/Adler River in the Bainings Mountains, on the eastern side of Gazelle Peninsula. Photographer: Sgt L. I. H. (Les)
47:
1187:
stand trial. At least 800 soldiers and 200 civilian prisoners of war—most of them Australian—lost their lives on 1 July 1942, when the ship on which they were being transported from Rabaul to Japan, the
2471:
829:, with the Japanese invasion force quickly overwhelming the small Australian garrison, the majority of which was either killed or captured. Hostilities on the neighbouring island of
2360:
1175:
Allies lost six aircrew killed and five wounded, along with 28 soldiers killed in action, and over 1,000 captured. Against this, the Japanese lost only 16 killed and 49 wounded.
253:
903:, having been captured from the Germans in 1914. In March 1941, the Australians dispatched a small garrison to the region, as tensions with Japan heightened. The small
1213:
Japanese base in New Guinea and the linchpin to their defences in the region. The Australians tried to restrict Rabaul's development soon after its capture by a
1084:
On 14 January, the Japanese force embarked at Truk and began steaming towards Rabaul as part of a naval task force, which consisted of four aircraft carriers—
494:
2461:
1280:
gradually restricted the Japanese force to the area around Rabaul. In November 1944, the Australians returned to the island when advanced elements of the
2456:
1522:
2466:
1882:
1137:
1036:
602:
1116:
was destroyed, and Australian infantry withdrew from Rabaul. The following day, an RAAF Catalina flying boat crew located the invasion fleet off
971:
anchorage in Simpson Harbour, which were important for the surveillance of Japanese movements in the region. However, the RAAF contingent, under
246:
2476:
2280:. History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Historical Branch, G-3 Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps.
1604:
1292:. The Australians then conducted landings around the island as they conducted a limited advance north, securing a line across the base of the
2368:
1837:
2372:
833:
are usually considered to be part of the same battle. Rabaul was significant because of its proximity to the Japanese territory of the
412:
239:
1342:
1171:
1308:
around Rabaul. Many abandoned positions, tunnels, and equipment relics such as aircraft and weapons can still be found in the area.
1229:
For the Japanese, the capture of Rabaul was followed with further operations on mainland New Guinea, beginning with operations to
1289:
1032:
718:
2264:
2251:
2240:
2215:
2190:
2151:
2070:
310:
2110:
595:
417:
387:
2233:
Nippon Very Sorry, Many Men Must Die: Submission to the United Nations Commission of Human Rights (ECOSOC Resolution 1503)
1097:
1264:
Allied planners had considered capturing Rabaul, but they eventually settled on isolating it and bypassing it as part of
1066:
944:
1218:
459:
432:
1324:
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2132:
1103:
738:
484:
912:
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1297:
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588:
1108:— seven cruisers, 14 destroyers, and numerous smaller vessels and submarines under the command of Vice Admiral
1085:
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relics including ships, aircraft and weapons, as well as abandoned positions and tunnels, remain in the area.
2486:
920:
514:
377:
315:
305:
150:
1261:
on 5 November. According to author Eric Larrabee, "thereafter no Japanese heavy ships ever came to Rabaul."
2481:
1230:
1061:
odds facing the Australians mounted significantly, Lerew signalled RAAF headquarters in Melbourne with the
908:
638:
1530:
928:
779:
658:
559:
402:
2125:
Darkest Hour: The True Story of Lark Force at Rabaul—Australia's Worst Military Disaster of World War II
1890:
2446:
2390:
1233:
beginning in March 1942. Throughout 1942 and into early 1943, the Allies and Japanese fought along the
1217:
in March. The Japanese eventually extended their control across New Britain, establishing airfields at
964:
757:
694:
499:
449:
427:
263:
2319:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Vol. IV (1st ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial.
1273:
706:
539:
529:
362:
280:
2295:
Operations of the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces in the Papua New Guinea Theater During World War II
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1300:. After this, they sought to isolate and contain the main Japanese forces around Rabaul. When
2120:
1445:
1325:"SURVIVORS OF RABAUL TELL OF LAST STAND; Japanese Used Their Dead as a Barricade for Assault"
1234:
1198:
1127:
Japanese fleet to be employed in the invasion of Rabaul, photographed by an RAAF Hudson over
1016:
1012:
864:
648:
554:
397:
392:
342:
2253:
Japanese Army Operations in the South Pacific Area: New Britain and Papua Campaigns, 1942–43
2161:
2080:
Brooks, Brenton (December 2013). "The Carnival of Blood in Australian Mandated Territory".
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2281:
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2236:
2219:
2218:. Vol. VII (1st ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. pp. 241–270.
2186:
2169:
2147:
2144:
Fortress Rabaul: The Battle for the Southwest Pacific, January 1942 – April 1943
2128:
2106:
2089:
2066:
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1113:
932:
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garrison in New Britain was built around Lieutenant Colonel Howard Carr's 700-strong
899:. At the time of the battle, the town was the capital of the Australian-administered
762:
569:
504:
469:
464:
337:
325:
1755:
1268:. In December 1943, U.S. Marines and Army soldiers landed in western New Britain at
179:
2416:
1109:
997:
834:
813:, from 23 January into February 1942. It was a strategically significant defeat of
767:
723:
544:
479:
367:
300:
168:
155:
1842:
1269:
1189:
1179:
983:
904:
818:
444:
407:
231:
174:
163:
130:
855:, Japanese forces turned it into a major base and proceeded to land on mainland
2310:
1020:
972:
936:
699:
2063:
The Martyrs of Papua New Guinea: 333 Missionary Lives Lost During World War II
919:, which eventually numbered 1,400 men and was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel
2440:
2314:
2285:
2183:
Commander in Chief: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, His Lieutenants, and their War
2093:
1373:
1223:
1028:
689:
2361:"Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, Volume II – Part I"
2428:
2324:
2302:
2223:
2173:
1246:
1078:
986:
979:
860:
845:
826:
524:
38:
1304:
in August 1945, there were still around 69,000 Japanese troops in Rabaul.
1170:
From mainland New Guinea, some civilians and individual officers from the
1123:
1128:
1023:, was tasked with capturing Kavieng and Rabaul as part of "Operation R".
1008:
968:
896:
822:
806:
489:
78:
34:
2200:
1222:
conducted guerrilla operations against the Japanese, serving mainly as
996:
For the Japanese, Rabaul was important because of its proximity to the
975:
916:
856:
83:
2230:
1824:
1761:
580:
1074:
1040:
145:
116:
2259:. Translated by Bullard, Steven. Canberra: Australian War Memorial.
1605:"The defence of the 'Malay barrier': Rabaul and Ambon, January 1942"
1052:
in region so they could not interfere with the landing operations.
2472:
Battles and operations of World War II involving Papua New Guinea
1183:
1154:
1117:
1048:
1120:, and its crew managed to send a signal before being shot down.
852:
74:
1073:("we who are about to die salute you"), supposedly uttered by
1194:
1062:
978:, had little offensive capability with only 10 lightly armed
950:
947:, was detached to garrison the nearby island of New Ireland.
1917:
1941:
1806:
1794:
1678:
1639:
871:, before the Japanese were eventually pushed back towards
1731:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1656:
1654:
1569:
1557:
1039:, which consisted of a headquarters unit, three infantry
1977:
1953:
1772:
1770:
1690:
1226:, providing information of Japanese shipping movements.
1047:, signals unit, and a munitions squad, as well as a few
915:(AIF) infantry battalion. This battalion formed part of
1965:
1627:
2088:(4). Military Historical Society of Australia: 20–31.
2065:. Port Moresby: University of Papua New Guinea Press.
1862:
1714:
1702:
1666:
1651:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1399:
1397:
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1905:
1767:
1743:
1581:
1464:
1989:
1782:
1545:
1409:
2001:
1929:
1476:
1421:
1392:
2336:. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
2297:. Tokyo: Japan Papua New Guinea Goodwill Society.
261:
2013:
923:. The force also included personnel from a local
2438:
1245:as the Japanese sought to advance south towards
954:Map depicting eastern New Guinea and New Britain
895:Rabaul lies on the eastern end of the island of
2231:Queensland Ex-POW Reparation Committee (1990).
1334:
2103:Pacific Aircraft Wrecks and Where to Find Them
2369:United States Army Center of Military History
1883:"The sinking of Montevideo Maru, 1 July 1942"
596:
247:
2250:Senshishitsu, Bōeichō Bōei Kenshūjo (2007).
2249:
1947:
1800:
1575:
1178:Of the over 1,000 Australian soldiers taken
967:(RAAF) airfield near Rabaul, and the nearby
2462:Battles of World War II involving Australia
1825:Queensland Ex-POW Reparation Committee 1990
1762:Queensland Ex-POW Reparation Committee 1990
2457:South West Pacific theatre of World War II
2146:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint.
1874:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
603:
589:
254:
240:
2274:Shaw, Henry I.; Kane, Douglas T. (1963).
1889:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from
1611:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from
1529:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from
1172:Australian New Guinea Administrative Unit
2273:
2180:
1971:
1923:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1207:
1122:
949:
2467:Battles of World War II involving Japan
2309:
2205:"Chapter 10: Operations on New Britain"
1880:
1868:
1812:
1725:
1708:
1684:
1672:
1660:
1645:
1593:
1520:
1495:
1470:
610:
121:
2439:
2331:
2292:
2168:. Melbourne: Grayflower Publications.
2141:
2119:
2079:
1935:
1911:
1776:
1749:
1737:
1696:
1633:
1587:
1563:
1551:
1489:
1415:
2477:Amphibious operations of World War II
2160:
2127:. St. Paul, Minnesota: Zenith Press.
2105:. Kookaburra Technical Publications.
2100:
2060:
2019:
1995:
1983:
1959:
1788:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1427:
1403:
1361:
851:Following the capture of the port of
584:
235:
2199:
2185:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2007:
1288:on the south coast and relieved the
863:. Heavy fighting followed along the
2235:. Brisbane, Queensland: Boolarong.
1340:
13:
1433:
1193:, was sunk off the north coast of
16:WWII battle in the Pacific Theater
14:
2498:
2352:
2216:Australia in the War of 1939–1945
1846:. 3 February 1947. Archived from
1450:Second World War, 1939–1945 units
1378:Second World War, 1939–1945 units
1035:. Its main combat units were the
2422:
2410:
2398:
1347:Australia-Japan Research Project
1140:, began to land on New Britain.
1000:, which was the site of a major
797:, also known by the Japanese as
173:
162:
154:
144:
123:
109:
46:
2025:
1830:
1231:capture the Salamaua–Lae region
801:, an instigating action of the
65:23 January – February 1942
2277:Volume II: Isolation of Rabaul
1317:
805:, was fought on the island of
1:
2053:
1165:
460:Qantas Short Empire shootdown
2365:Reports of General MacArthur
1343:"Rabaul, 1942 (Longer text)"
1160:
485:KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown
7:
982:training aircraft and four
929:New Guinea Volunteer Rifles
10:
2503:
2166:South West Pacific 1941–45
1081:before entering combat.
965:Royal Australian Air Force
931:(NGVR), a coastal defence
890:
875:by early 1943. As part of
2334:The Brotherhood of Airmen
1452:. Australian War Memorial
1446:"1st Independent Company"
1380:. Australian War Memorial
1349:. Australian War Memorial
1290:US 40th Infantry Division
1278:operations on New Britain
1069:Nos Morituri Te Salutamus
1055:
945:2/1st Independent Company
913:Australian Imperial Force
622:
273:
209:
185:
137:
102:
57:
45:
28:
23:
2452:1942 in Papua New Guinea
2293:Tanaka, Kengoro (1980).
1311:
753:Neutralisation of Rabaul
719:Markham-Ramu-Finisterres
2371:. 1994 . Archived from
2181:Larrabee, Eric (1987).
2101:Darby, Charles (1979).
1276:. Subsequently, Allied
1037:144th Infantry Regiment
901:Territory of New Guinea
811:Territory of New Guinea
525:Nauru and Ocean Islands
221:1,000 soldiers captured
2332:Wilson, David (2005).
2142:Gamble, Bruce (2010).
1521:Moremon, John (2003).
1215:bombing counter-attack
1197:by the U.S. submarine
1132:
1131:on 9 January 1942
1019:, under Major General
1002:Imperial Japanese Navy
955:
839:Imperial Japanese Navy
138:Commanders and leaders
1838:"Foreign News: Death"
1298:Wide Bay and Open Bay
1208:Subsequent operations
1126:
1017:South Seas Detachment
953:
943:unit, the 130-strong
264:Japanese offensives,
210:Casualties and losses
2487:February 1942 events
2061:Aerts, Theo (1994).
1924:Shaw & Kane 1963
775:Bombing of Hollandia
614:New Guinea campaign
2482:January 1942 events
2316:The Japanese Thrust
2212:The Final Campaigns
1986:, pp. 410–411.
1962:, pp. 155–285.
1926:, pp. 324–325.
1893:on 6 September 2008
1815:, pp. 668–669.
1740:, pp. 117–118.
1687:, pp. 399–400.
1648:, pp. 398–399.
1566:, pp. 102–103.
1266:Operation Cartwheel
881:western New Britain
877:Operation Cartwheel
859:, advancing toward
803:New Guinea campaign
495:Andaman and Nicobar
31:New Guinea Campaign
2375:on 25 January 2008
1850:on 3 February 2011
1699:, pp. 95–104.
1615:on 11 October 2008
1374:"2/22nd Battalion"
1329:The New York Times
1133:
956:
883:during this time.
837:, site of a major
809:in the Australian
780:Western New Guinea
219:28 soldiers killed
2447:Conflicts in 1942
2266:978-0-9751904-8-7
2242:978-0-86439-112-4
2192:978-1-59114-455-7
2153:978-1-61060-071-2
2072:978-9980-84-053-0
1948:Senshishitsu 2007
1827:, pp. 70–74.
1801:Senshishitsu 2007
1636:, pp. 74–75.
1576:Senshishitsu 2007
1302:Japan surrendered
1294:Gazelle Peninsula
1150:guerrilla warfare
1114:coastal artillery
788:
787:
739:Bombing of Rabaul
659:Goodenough Island
578:
577:
428:Dutch East Indies
230:
229:
217:5 aircrew wounded
205:
199:
194:
98:
97:
2494:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2347:
2328:
2306:
2289:
2270:
2258:
2246:
2227:
2209:
2196:
2177:
2157:
2138:
2116:
2112:978-085880-035-9
2097:
2076:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1887:Remembering 1942
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
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1723:
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1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1609:Remembering 1942
1603:Stanley, Peter.
1600:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1533:on 18 March 2008
1527:Campaign history
1518:
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2353:External links
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193:(New Britain)
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2377:. Retrieved
2373:the original
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2040:. Retrieved
2036:
2027:
2015:
2003:
1991:
1979:
1967:
1955:
1943:
1938:, p. 7.
1931:
1919:
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1891:the original
1886:
1876:
1869:Wigmore 1957
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1848:the original
1841:
1832:
1820:
1813:Wigmore 1957
1808:
1796:
1784:
1757:
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1726:Wigmore 1957
1709:Wigmore 1957
1704:
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1685:Wigmore 1957
1680:
1673:Wigmore 1957
1668:
1661:Wigmore 1957
1646:Wigmore 1957
1641:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1613:the original
1608:
1583:
1578:, p. 5.
1571:
1559:
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1531:the original
1526:
1471:Wigmore 1957
1466:
1454:. Retrieved
1449:
1423:
1411:
1382:. Retrieved
1377:
1351:. Retrieved
1346:
1336:
1328:
1319:
1306:
1282:5th Division
1263:
1257:
1251:
1247:Port Moresby
1235:Kokoda Track
1228:
1211:
1200:
1188:
1177:
1169:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1079:ancient Rome
1068:
1059:
1025:
995:
980:CAC Wirraway
957:
921:John Scanlan
894:
885:
865:Kokoda Track
861:Port Moresby
850:
827:World War II
798:
794:
792:
768:
712:
700:
695:Bismarck Sea
669:
649:Kokoda Track
633:
560:Fort Stevens
438:
437:
433:3rd Changsha
418:Indian Ocean
373:Pearl Harbor
363:2nd Changsha
358:South Shanxi
331:
330:
296:West Suiyuan
275:
151:John Scanlan
103:Belligerents
39:World War II
29:Part of the
2201:Long, Gavin
1936:Tanaka 1980
1912:Tanaka 1980
1777:Tanaka 1980
1750:Tanaka 1980
1738:Wilson 2005
1697:Gamble 2006
1634:Gamble 2006
1588:Tanaka 1980
1564:Tanaka 1980
1552:Gamble 2010
1490:Brooks 2013
1416:Gamble 2006
1241:and around
969:flying boat
963:, the main
897:New Britain
831:New Ireland
807:New Britain
799:Operation R
758:Admiralties
734:New Britain
570:Mount Emily
490:Operation K
403:Sand Island
388:Philippines
343:South Henan
326:North China
79:New Britain
2441:Categories
2405:New Guinea
2379:8 December
2082:Sabretache
2054:References
2020:Darby 1979
1996:Keogh 1965
1984:Keogh 1965
1960:Keogh 1965
1789:Keogh 1965
1537:2 November
1428:Aerts 1994
1404:Keogh 1965
1284:landed at
1166:Casualties
1075:gladiators
1041:battalions
976:John Lerew
927:unit, the
917:Lark Force
857:New Guinea
817:forces by
724:Wewak Raid
535:Madagascar
455:New Guinea
316:Kaimingjie
226:49 wounded
84:New Guinea
2417:Australia
2286:568751111
2094:0048-8933
2042:1 October
2008:Long 1963
1258:Princeton
1243:Buna–Gona
1239:Milne Bay
1199:USS
1184:bayoneted
1161:Aftermath
961:Vunakanau
873:Buna–Gona
869:Milne Bay
769:Take Ichi
713:Chronicle
664:Buna–Gona
654:Milne Bay
644:Coral Sea
565:Dureenbee
555:Newcastle
520:Coral Sea
465:Singapore
383:Hong Kong
286:Chongqing
281:Manchukuo
266:1940–1942
224:16 killed
117:Australia
2313:(1957).
2203:(1963).
2164:(1965).
2123:(2006).
2033:"Rabaul"
1897:20 April
1854:20 April
1619:20 April
1456:20 April
1384:20 April
1353:22 April
1296:between
1252:Saratoga
1201:Sturgeon
1180:prisoner
1049:platoons
941:commando
670:Lilliput
510:Solomons
378:Thailand
353:Shanggao
338:Panjiayu
186:Strength
70:Location
53:Robbins.
2391:Portals
2325:3134219
2303:9206229
2224:1297619
2174:7185705
1155:Gasmata
1118:Kavieng
1105:Zuikaku
1099:Shokaku
1065:phrase
1045:company
933:battery
925:Militia
891:Prelude
821:in the
745:1944–45
676:Merauke
475:Ellwood
33:of the
2340:
2323:
2301:
2284:
2263:
2239:
2222:
2189:
2172:
2150:
2131:
2109:
2092:
2069:
1056:Battle
1015:, the
853:Rabaul
815:Allied
763:Emirau
550:Sydney
545:Midway
515:Tulagi
505:Ceylon
480:Broome
470:Darwin
423:Borneo
408:Niihau
368:Malaya
301:Wuyuan
153:
128:
114:
91:Result
75:Rabaul
2429:Japan
2257:(PDF)
2208:(PDF)
1312:Notes
1270:Arawe
1237:, at
1195:Luzon
1093:Akagi
1063:Latin
989:from
911:, an
819:Japan
450:Burma
445:Timor
131:Japan
2381:2006
2338:ISBN
2321:OCLC
2299:OCLC
2282:OCLC
2261:ISBN
2237:ISBN
2220:OCLC
2187:ISBN
2170:OCLC
2148:ISBN
2129:ISBN
2107:ISBN
2090:ISSN
2067:ISBN
2044:2017
1899:2013
1856:2013
1843:Time
1621:2013
1539:2006
1458:2013
1386:2013
1355:2017
1272:and
1255:and
1129:Truk
1102:and
1087:Kaga
1013:Guam
1009:Truk
1005:base
939:. A
846:Truk
842:base
793:The
701:I-Go
682:1943
626:1942
439:1942
398:Wake
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