2796:) scouting-attack planes at high altitudes which would radio instructions to the bombers to circle out of range as the Chinese fighters rose to meet the bombers; once the Chinese fighters had run low on fuel and returned to base, the scouts would then redirect the bombers to attack the Chinese fighters on the ground refueling. While the Chinese soon cracked the code used by the C5M crews relaying messages to the bomber formations, some of the countermeasures used by the Chinese pilots were to launch a pair of I-16s that were almost fast enough to intercept the C5M in pursuit, but enough to force the scouts away, while a second flight of fighters were launched against returning Japanese bombers as the first flight of Chinese interceptors returned to disperse in smaller auxiliary airbases to refuel, although successful interceptions were still limited against the IJNAF bombers as the Polikarpovs struggled in particular against the new Model 22/23 G3M bombers.
2944:. At 13:56 hours that day, 90 G3M bombers appeared in two waves, and Maj. Zheng's team, with ample preparations, maneuvered high and above the approaching bomber formation with precision flying while the Japanese aircrews observed the unusual movements of the Chinese fighters, who soon dropped the air-burst devices that descended under parachutes, and detonating just a few hundred meters in front of the lead bombers, resulting in a breakup of the bomber formation followed by furious attacks from the Chinese fighter pilots the best they could with the handicap of the highly challenged performance and firepower of their Polikarpovs, claiming five shot down (two wrecks confirmed) and damaging many others; eight Chinese fighters suffered various degrees of damage while the wreckages of Japanese bombers were found in Shichuxian and Shuangqing with three of the seven-man crew in one of the bombers found alive and taken prisoner.
3074:
struggled to shoot down the one last opponent still in the air that "was an absolute master" as it "snap-rolled, spiralled, looped and turned through seemingly impossible maneuvers... like a wraith", but Sakai himself only managed to finally shoot down the acrobatic biplane fighter pilot when he was forced to slow-roll in a climb while trying to clear over the top of a hill west of
Chengdu. The belly of the Chinese fighter suddenly exposed right into the gunsight of Sakai's Zero, who fired cannon shells that "tore through the floorboards of the biplane", sending it down in a wide spin and exploding as it hit the hillside. Four Chinese pilots were killed in this engagement, including Lt. Huang Rongfa, whose fiancée, Ms. Yang Quanfang, took a pistol and shot herself at the memorial for him and the other
227:
214:
3177:
2812:
191:
2466:
238:
3124:, and much of the Japanese aerial-combat assets and experienced personnel had been diverted to support the war in the Pacific, the offensive campaign against Chongqing and Chengdu had been significantly curtailed; nonetheless, modern interceptor aircraft possessing far greater speed and firepower, supported by ground-based radar equipment, and new aircrew training supported by the US and Allied partners, allowed the Chinese Air Force to be in a much better position to fight back by August 1943. The last recorded air raid of the campaign took place on 19 December 1944.
116:
2701:(of the 4th Pursuit Group) Polikarpov fighters against the bombers on 3 May, shooting down seven bombers but losing two pilots including his deputy commander, the veteran Zhang Mingsheng. Zhang tried to save his damaged plane, but it became engulfed by fire, and while bailing-out and parachuting to safety, he was severely burned; he was then attacked by locals who thought he was a Japanese airman as he laid on the ground, barely able to mutter a sound to identify himself, and rescued four hours later, succumbing to his battle wounds the following day in a hospital.
203:
3179:
3093:); at first, it made a low-level bombing run for accuracy, but was severely hampered by intense bursts of anti-aircraft fire that, according to him, "knocked me up away from my seat several times", and then having to increase altitude to 5,500 meters to make the bombing run instead, killing two guards west of Yunxiu Tower, but failing to kill the Generalissimo, who recorded in his diary how he felt the immense shocks of the bombing and suffering of the people who experienced the torment not just day and night, but for over four years.
3180:
101:
3181:
2667:
2972:
3165:
2269:
2968:
Zeroes. Many of the
Polikarpovs were damaged or shot down (the Zero pilots claiming 27 Polikarpovs shot down), with ten pilots killed, and eight wounded, Maj. Zheng Shaoyu and Lt. Gao Youxin managed to drive Zeroes off the tails of other Chinese fighters, with Lt. Gao closing-in to 50 meters (160 ft) of one, and claiming a Zero shot-down, but in fact only four Zeroes suffered some damage, and all 13 safely returned to base in Wuhan.
2516:
2780:
2851:
2745:"The Japanese bombers appeared over Chungking on moon-lit nights when they could easily see the major landmarks... from time to time, on command of their formation leader, all the bombers would open up a defensive barrage of fire in direction most likely of attack by fighters. The performance was effective. It was like a gigantic broom of fire sweeping the starry sky."
3089:, having already received intelligence reports regarding an upcoming military conference in Chongqing held by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, and the precise location for it, led a massive strike from Wuhan consisting of 205 bomber-attack planes, with Saburo Endo himself personally leading the assassination strike on Yunxiu Villa (specifically the
3471:
specifications were raised in
October, in light of experience obtained in fighting in China that year. The specifications were so aggressive that many thought that Japanese aircraft manufacturers could not meet them... Service trials were conducted through the first half of 1940, leading to combat trials in China and initial production.
3178:
2448:, and with war now looming in Europe, the supplies needed by the Chinese were barely trickling in, and the Chinese Air Force had to make do with the increasingly poor flying performance and maintenance problems of these Soviet-made fighters burning low-grade 65–75 octane fuel in the first few years defending Chongqing and
3441:
during the wider
Pacific War a decade later. It also featured one of the largest air conflicts since the Great War... Of particular concern to the Japanese during the conflict was the poor performance of her fighter aircraft. Robert Short had managed to set upon half a dozen B1M bombers and deal them heavy punishment...
3501:
action with a pair of raids on the 3rd and 4th May 1939... the raids were designed to force an end to the China
Incident by terrorising the population of the new capital. the next day the bombers returned at dusk in order to avoid the Chinese fighters, and delivered another rain of fire on Chungking...
3320:
When did World War II begin? Shanghai 1937: Where World War II Began answers that question in a way most audiences will find surprising. Americans might say
December 7, 1941... The day the Japanese Imperial Navy attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. For Europeans, it was September
3073:
bomber attack and fighter sweep of
Chinese air bases between Chongqing and Chengdu, and encountered Chinese I-153 and I-16 fighters at Wenjiang Airbase; while shooting down all those that managed to take off or strafing those still taxiing down the runways, Saburo Sakai described how five Zeroes then
2719:
The
Japanese began to embark more nighttime bombing raids against Chongqing in summer of 1939 in an effort to reduce confrontation and casualties from defending Chinese Air Force fighters; however, the Chinese pilots began operating nighttime interceptions over Chongqing with some success in shooting
3930:
On the very day that the bill was signed, Great
Britain and Greece (then at war with Italy) were declared eligible for lend-lease aid. Goods started to move almost immediately. China, engaged in a desperate struggle with Japan, was declared eligible on May 6, and Norway on June 4, 1941. The U.S.S.R.
3470:
A6M1-A6M2 ZERO FIGHTER SPEC DEMANDS: On 19 May 1937, the IJN issued a request for the new fighter, dictating performance specifications; armament of two 7.7-millimeter machine guns and twin 20-millimeter cannon, plus two 60-kilogram (132-pound) bombs; and state-of-the-art radio gear. The performance
3015:
to avoid combat engagement against the new air-superiority fighters; however, Chinese fighters would continue with fatalistic courage to face the Zero on numerous occasions, including another large-scale dogfight over
Chengdu on 14 March 1941 that saw the Japanese Zero fighters employ new tactics to
2908:
On 10, 12 and 16 June 1940, the Japanese raided Chongqing with 129, 154 and 114 bombers on these days respectively, while the Chinese I-15 and I-16 fighter squadrons engaged these attacks shooting down 13 of the raiders, perhaps more importantly, forcing bombers to miss their targets, although these
3440:
The Shanghai Incident set the stage for the Second Sino-Japanese (war) which was to break out five years later. It involved the first prolonged use of aircraft carriers during a continental conflict, and demonstrated their usefulness in supporting expeditionary forces ashore – which would prove key
3148:
In March 2006, 40 Chinese who were wounded or lost family members during the bombings sued the Japanese government, demanding 10,000,000 yen (628,973 yuan) each, and asked for apologies. "By filing a lawsuit, we want the Japanese people to know about Chongqing bombings," said a victim. In 2006, 188
2762:
By mid-1940, the IJNAF G3M Model 21 bombers that formed the primary aircraft of the carpet-bombing campaign against Chongqing and Chengdu had become largely relegated to nighttime bombing attacks, while daylight raids were being replaced with the new and improved Model 22/23 G3Ms equipped with the
3704:
From May 1939 to August 1941 was the period when the Japanese bombing at the most intensive stage and the residents of Chongqing suffered the most. Under the continuous and indiscriminate bombing from the Japanese military, 4,889 buildings were destroyed to varying degrees, including the British,
2704:
The pre-dawn attack on 4 May resulted in far more casualties, with over three thousand deaths, injuring almost 2,000 more, and leaving about 200,000 homeless. Although the attacking force was smaller and dropped fewer bombs, there was no interception of the bombers by the Chinese Air Force whose
3500:
Like the Army, the Navy lacked a fighter with sufficient range to escort the bombers all the way to the targets; the G3Ms would be exposed to Chinese interceptors. The scheme to bomb the cities of western China into submission during the summer was dubbed 'Operation 100'... The 13th Ku went into
2787:
Also by mid-1940, the Japanese had employed new tactics to stave off attacks from defending Chinese fighters; the Chinese air raid early warning network would alert the Chinese fighter squadrons to scramble their fighters towards approaching Japanese bomber formations (ideally with ample time to
2967:
of the 28th PS) and I-16 (led by Capt. Yang Mengjing of the 24th PS) and other Polikarpov fighters of Maj. Zheng Shaoyu's 4th PG. The battle lasted about half an hour by which point the Chinese were low on fuel and had to break off; with some luck, escaping further contact with the much faster
2775:
strategy further above the general obsolescence of the defending Chinese fighter aircraft now struggling to gain speed and altitude to make even a single head-on pass against the high-speed/high-altitude IJNAF bombing runs, and even more vulnerable to the massed-firepower of those heavy bomber
3051:
between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany on 22 June 1941, and with Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek looking for increased support from the Americans through the Lend-Lease Act of which was extended to China on 6 May 1941, all new fighter aircraft produced by the Soviets were now directed to the
3780:
Cheung, 2015, pp. 76, 80–81. Hsu Chi-hsiang (Xu Jixiang) was shot down in his I-15bis in the air combat debut of the A6M Zero... a 20mm cannon shell from one of the Zero-sen fighters scored a direct hit on his amenities kit in the I-15bis luggage compartment, blowing all the bristles off his
2386:
it was equipped mainly with US-made aircraft and training, as well as aircraft and training from other foreign sources, including Italian and Japanese army air force instructors. China was not an aviation industrial power at the time, and by the end of 1938 had suffered severe losses through
49:
2543:
of Chongqing, while the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Force was hitting hard at the main battle-front of the temporary wartime-capital Wuhan. The exploratory strikes on Chongqing began on 18 February 1938, and continued sporadically at relatively low intensity until the commencement of
2730:
tactics the Luftwaffe would deploy a few years later). The interceptions involved the coordination with a series of manually-operated ground based searchlights illuminating and tracking incoming bombers which can then be seen and targeted by the solitary fighter pilot; fighter ace
2457:
for example were supplied directly by their own aircraft industry while benefiting from tremendous improvements in their fighter aircraft speed, acceleration and high-altitude performance by upgrading from the standard 87 octane fuel to the "secret 100 octane" formula later in the
3042:
On 5 June 1941, in midst of the increased brutality of the new Operation 102 bombing campaign to force the Chinese to capitulate in their war of resistance, the Japanese flew more than 20 sorties, bombing the city for three hours. About 4,000 residents who hid in a tunnel were
2350:
According to incomplete statistics, a total of 268 air raids were conducted against Chongqing, involving anywhere from a few dozen to over 150 bombers per raid. These bombings were probably aimed at cowing the Chinese government, or as part of the planned but never executed
3016:
avoid near-deadly mistakes from the 13 September 1940 air battle experience; the intense dogfight over Chengdu was another devastatingly dark day in the tragic chapters of the Chinese Air Force in the war, as eight pilots were killed, including top-ace fighter pilots Maj.
2819:
The Japanese air raids against Chongqing had become increasingly intense and destructive as the "joint air strike force" of the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy bomber formations began to comprise upwards of 150–200 bombers per raid, under the new codename "Operation 101"
3136:, the spring 1941 bombings were at the time "the most destructive shelling ever made on a city", although terror bombing grew rapidly during the Second World War: by comparison 2,300 tons of bombs were dropped by Allied bombers on Berlin in a single night during the
2735:
shot down a bomber on the night of 3 August 1939 flying "lone wolf" in an I-15bis during such a nighttime interception mission over Chongqing, among several other kills he claimed while battling for the defense of Chongqing. In the following night, Capt.
2603:, was quite the upgrade the Chinese Air Force needed to effectively hit back at the Japanese raiders, but it was proven to be extremely unreliable and may have killed more of its own pilots than the enemies, including veteran pilot and 4th PG CO Major
3914:
2452:
while massive formations of Japanese aircraft benefiting from great technological advancements and burning 90+ octane fuel were flying ever-faster and higher, almost beyond practical reach of the obsolescent Chinese fighter aircraft; the British
3781:
toothbrush... Hsu would exact some personal revenge on 04 March 1944 over the Japanese airbase at Chiung-Shan (Qiongshan) on Hainan island... shooting down the lead Zero in a flight of three... the flight leader or perhaps the instructor...
2987:
debut air-battle on 13 September 1940, fighting-off numerous attacks by the confounding performance of the new air-superiority fighter, and surviving; Xu would exact a measure of personal revenge on 4 March 1944 when he shot down an A6M
2512:, among others. There were 18 primary anti-aircraft artillery batteries positioned around Chongqing from 1939 to 1942, not including the air force's anti-aircraft gun units assigned specifically for the defense of the airbases.
2824:号作战), and massed defensive machine gun and cannon fire from the bomber formations were very effective against the slow Chinese fighter aircraft further handicapped with burning low-grade fuel, much of which came by way of
3291:... the Soviet contribution to the Nationalists, particularly the air power... would appear significantly greater until the 14th U.S. Air Force arrived. In the U.S., we grow up thinking the Flying Tigers won the war...
2419:
which were China's frontline fighter-attack weapon of choice at the beginning of War of Resistance-World War II in 1937. A handful of other fighter-aircraft models were also available to the Chinese, including several
2807:
that the Chinese Air Force had; unfortunately, two of the I-16 Type 17s were put out of action following the battle, having been shot-up by the defensive fire from the Japanese raiders and making forced landings.
2976:
2425:
2909:
disrupted flights of bombers may have evaded the Chinese fighters from their primary targets, and diverted out to drop bombs on secondary targets, including other large population and industrial areas such as
3100:, and President Roosevelt sought an immediate counterattack for the humiliation of Pearl Harbor; in the urgency to keep China resupplied for the new Sino-US joint effort in the war against Japan, General
3055:
On 11 August 1941, in what would be the last-recorded dogfight between the Chinese Air Force fighters and the IJNAF Zeroes before all active Zero squadrons were pulled out of China in preparations for
5863:
2893:
submitted to the demands of the Japanese – allowing Japanese troops to conduct cross-border raids into Yunnan province, and the stationing of Japanese army air units at three airbases in
1727:
5687:
4169:
4129:
3078:
on the 16th of August; under these special circumstances, the remains of Ms. Yang and Lt. Huang were buried together at the Chongqing Nanshan Air Force Martyrs Memorial Park.
641:
207:
292:
5858:
2615:
The majority of the Japanese air raids conducted against Chongqing and other targets around Sichuan were made with squadrons of medium-heavy bombers composed of IJNAF
3116:
and new equipment in China for the renewed war effort against the Empire of Japan were now increasingly being freighted via the risky Himalayan air-route known as "
2759:
Monks of the Ciyun Temple contributed greatly to rescuing and saving lives of residents over the course of the half-decade long bombing campaigns over Chongqing.
2698:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
3688:
1619:
533:
5629:
2960:
2638:"Kate". Prior to the departure of the crack Japanese naval air units in China for the Pacific War in mid-late 1941, the new successor to the G3M bomber, the
2077:
1720:
2383:
262:
30,000+ civilian casualties including 10,000+ deaths, over 30,000 buildings and much of the city center destroyed; property losses amounting to 10 billion
2783:
The vastly improved IJNAF Type 96/G3M Model 22 placed the defending Chinese fighter aircraft, and anti-aircraft artillery at an even greater disadvantage
4162:
1534:
2917:. The Chinese would be dealt with a serious blow a few weeks later in July 1940 when the British yielded to Japanese diplomatic pressure and closed the
2873:
joint-strike bombing campaigns, led a targeted aerial-assassination strike on Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek on 30 August 1941; he would put forth his "
1879:
1812:
1166:
634:
2376:
and crews, and numerous Chinese-American and other foreign aviators volunteering for service with the Chinese Air Force. Nominally referred to as the
4564:
3262:
I-15bis fighter biplanes and I-16 monoplanes were probably the most numerous warplanes in China prior to Pearl Harbor and open American intervention.
1206:
3792:
3333:
3231:
1713:
2527:
As the Chinese government and military forces fell-back and engaged the Japanese advances in new frontline operations in the beginning of 1938 at
2539:
and other main battle lines, the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force began harassing the deep-rear with exploratory strikes against the anticipated
285:
4155:
3011:
As the already desperate situation was now irrefutable with the scourge of the new Zero fighters, the Chinese Air Force high-command issued an
2956:
2860:
1590:
257:
Dozens to 100+ of bombers and reconnaissance-attack/fighter aircraft shot down; hundreds of aircrew lost, some captured alive (incomplete data)
5231:
2799:
A C5M and three G3Ms were shot down over eastern Chongqing on 20 May 1940 by the 24th PS, the 4th PG equipped with the few (10 in total) 20mm
2249:
1379:
3082:
3005:
2932:
to deploy a new weapon in an experiment to help with the dispersal of, and attacks against, the massive Japanese bomber formations: multiple
2855:
627:
2963:
which had escorted 27 G3M bombers on a raid into Chongqing were sent against 34 Chinese fighters: including Polikarpov I-15bis (led by Maj.
4459:
3372:
3108:
bomber support equipment, radio-homing navigational aids and 100-octane avgas into China to support the planning of what was to become the
3036:
2929:
2689:号作战) bombing campaign, 54 and 27 Japanese bombers raided Chongqing on 3 and 4 May 1939 respectively, dropping approximately a 3:2 ratio of
5682:
4915:
2501:
1602:
1094:
4814:
4669:
4474:
2373:
2031:
1959:
1451:
1301:
451:
278:
4194:
2440:
open, the ever increasing Japanese blockade of imports into China, particularly after Chongqing was cut off from the sea after losing
5479:
5394:
4018:
3097:
1595:
721:
4126:
2599:
pursuit planes, which in theory with its very fast high-altitude performance and good firepower from its four 50 cal (12.7 mm)
4674:
2690:
2070:
2043:
1490:
1415:
1342:
4619:
4549:
4343:
4102:
Xú,Lùméi.Fallen: A Decryption of 682 Air Force Heroes of The War of Resistance-WWII and Their Martyrdom 东城区, 北京， 中国: 团结出版社, 2016.
3944:
2877:" (重慶爆擊無用論) days after the failed assassination strike, and gained a reputation as a post-war anti-war pacifist, establishing the
3599:
3540:
3514:
2552:
including Wuhan, allowed the Japanese to establish airbases and logistics to stage a sustained campaign of massively coordinated
2493:
2173:
2928:
personally selected a team of five of his top fighter pilots, including ace fighter pilot Capt. Liu Zhesheng and future ace Lt.
5753:
4444:
4409:
4394:
3823:
1872:
4684:
5449:
4599:
4514:
4509:
4178:
4107:
4096:
4081:
3032:
2941:
2183:
2026:
1841:
1349:
1262:
1228:
1199:
1074:
985:
349:
5538:
5496:
5389:
5384:
5369:
5174:
4962:
4654:
4624:
4604:
4519:
4434:
4363:
3705:
French and other foreign embassies and institutions in China. Even the German Embassy hanging the Nazi flag was not spared.
3062:
2092:
2063:
1505:
1463:
1296:
1147:
841:
782:
456:
426:
4559:
2836:
beginning in the summer of 1939, which produced 90% of the native petrol (250,000 tons) for China during those war years.
5474:
5454:
5213:
5179:
4769:
4729:
4579:
4384:
4338:
2937:
2229:
1607:
1272:
1040:
787:
2607:
whose P-43 caught fire during a ferrying flight back to combat operations in China and was killed in the ensuing crash.
5758:
5677:
5596:
5434:
5289:
4880:
4854:
4834:
4804:
4799:
4774:
4744:
4724:
4554:
4504:
4494:
4464:
4449:
4328:
4265:
3149:
Chongqing bombing survivors filed a group lawsuit in Japanese courts, seeking compensation and an apology. In 2015 the
2557:
2328:
2324:
2190:
1757:
1267:
1034:
498:
471:
242:
231:
5404:
2505:
5429:
5364:
5249:
5243:
5201:
4941:
4789:
4709:
4594:
4539:
4414:
4399:
3725:
3356:
2104:
1865:
523:
106:
80:
2697:(68 dropped on day one). The first raid killed almost 700 residents and injured 350 more. Major Deng Mingde led the
2658:"Frances" (successor to the G4M), which were deployed in the following years as the bombing of Chongqing continued.
2567:
fighter in 1940, the most advanced fighter aircraft produced at the time, ensured the Japanese practically complete
5463:
5359:
5237:
4993:
4983:
4864:
4844:
4794:
4784:
4759:
4664:
4569:
4499:
4348:
4260:
4224:
3275:
1901:
1817:
1192:
461:
4043:
3321:
1, 1939... When Nazi Germany invaded Poland. But in China, people will tell you a different date. August 13, 1937.
2476:
Primary and auxiliary airbases used by the Chinese Air Force in the Chongqing and Chengdu defense sector included
2239:
5853:
5399:
5379:
5207:
4824:
4809:
3137:
2404:
2214:
2151:
2000:
1983:
1517:
2234:
5608:
4659:
3153:
upheld a lower courts' ruling acknowledging damages caused, but denying the plaintiffs' right to compensation.
2297:
2163:
1831:
1792:
1444:
1434:
944:
672:
2955:
bombing raids, and received its first baptism of fire in aerial combat on 13 September 1940; 13 Zeroes of the
5748:
5692:
5489:
4281:
2485:
2481:
2320:
2289:
2127:
2109:
1634:
1359:
970:
909:
755:
694:
553:
416:
354:
344:
5162:
4900:
3164:
3105:
2921:, which was China's primary lifeline for material and fuel needed in the defense of Chongqing and Chengdu.
2769:
engines, boosting the power of each of the twin-engined bombers by 500 horsepower and greatly enabling the
2592:
2195:
1995:
1944:
1674:
1384:
1289:
1240:
1139:
3662:
2843:
in the massed attacks by moving to pre-defined "secure areas" which would be exempt from bombing; a large
2224:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5533:
4920:
4910:
4286:
3800:
2847:
was emblazoned on the roof of the German embassy in Chongqing, but was still hit by a Japanese air raid.
2646:
dive-bomber were operationally tested in the bombing of Chongqing, followed by newer designs such as the
2369:
2336:
2332:
2178:
2156:
2099:
1539:
978:
772:
598:
441:
196:
163:
4121:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5284:
5167:
3623:
3048:
2477:
2122:
1988:
1966:
1629:
1458:
1429:
1313:
750:
538:
488:
466:
4489:
2219:
302:
4404:
3861:
2005:
1971:
1529:
1128:
1068:
1027:
923:
726:
716:
578:
568:
401:
319:
3484:
3206:
4988:
3132:
Three thousand tons of bombs were dropped on the city from 1939 to 1942. According to photographer
2021:
1836:
1694:
1475:
1335:
995:
652:
588:
548:
32:
4849:
4679:
3931:
attacked by Germany on June 22, 1941—was declared eligible for lend-lease aid on November 7, 1941.
2497:
1824:
5614:
4819:
4734:
4296:
3398:
2788:
attain sufficient altitude ahead of the raids); however, they were being monitored by fast IJNAF
2600:
2470:
2445:
2058:
1917:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1660:
1480:
1159:
1007:
990:
930:
894:
864:
603:
558:
386:
359:
329:
2811:
1939:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5706:
5580:
5575:
5312:
4199:
3057:
2580:
2168:
2087:
1524:
1235:
1020:
950:
801:
513:
411:
396:
334:
254:
100+ of fighters and other aircraft, aircrew and many more ground crew losses (incomplete data)
218:
4389:
3899:
5721:
5219:
4998:
4609:
4004:
2712:, the United States embargoed the export of airplane parts to Japan, thus imposing its first
2532:
2433:
2244:
1679:
1439:
1282:
1060:
1001:
936:
834:
593:
436:
431:
381:
4704:
4529:
4484:
2720:
down the nighttime bombers using "lone wolf" fighter tactics previously deployed during the
1705:
4967:
4895:
4754:
4639:
3001:
2751:
2596:
2416:
2200:
1624:
1612:
1500:
1306:
1153:
1105:
1087:
877:
573:
173:
4946:
4429:
4353:
3104:
was sent to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek on a top secret arrangement for the transfer of
2804:
2465:
8:
5444:
5338:
4905:
4589:
4469:
3012:
2587:
began to increasingly trickle into China through the cross-Himalayan air-route known as "
2571:. U.S. support for China had begun in earnest in 1941 following the Japanese invasion of
2254:
2134:
1777:
1495:
1369:
711:
493:
421:
4719:
4614:
4574:
4534:
4147:
3246:
2732:
152:
5602:
5469:
5414:
5374:
5322:
4936:
4313:
3763:
2993:
2910:
2754:, Soviet pilot, witnessing the spectacle of night-time air-raids over Chongqing in 1939
2666:
2407:, and Chinese Air Force pilots had almost completely transitioned into the Soviet-made
2388:
1907:
1787:
1653:
1646:
1585:
1575:
1549:
1401:
1323:
1173:
1133:
1100:
1013:
902:
882:
766:
689:
391:
5195:
4644:
4333:
3997:
3892:
5559:
5484:
5424:
5419:
5343:
5317:
5225:
5136:
5051:
5016:
4749:
4244:
4209:
4103:
4092:
4077:
3721:
3569:
3352:
3327:
3225:
3017:
2840:
2765:
2721:
2713:
2694:
2671:
2489:
2459:
2396:
2392:
2305:
2139:
1978:
1954:
1807:
1686:
1639:
1544:
1389:
1374:
1318:
1121:
1113:
1055:
1045:
846:
814:
795:
704:
699:
608:
543:
508:
503:
376:
364:
4859:
4839:
4779:
4739:
4629:
4358:
3424:
3399:"Chongqing issues 'Chongqing Airport History Map' – Chongqing News – CQNEWS_English"
5554:
5459:
5439:
5121:
5111:
5046:
4885:
4764:
4714:
4634:
4479:
4419:
4239:
4189:
3150:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2825:
2789:
2740:
would also claim a nighttime kill of a bomber while at the controls of an I-15bis.
2675:
2647:
2620:
2572:
2540:
2536:
2352:
2273:
1949:
1927:
1580:
1408:
1394:
1364:
1277:
1257:
1050:
955:
915:
889:
828:
820:
806:
760:
736:
583:
518:
406:
339:
4649:
4439:
4323:
3096:
Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the United States
2339:'s anti-aircraft artillery units in defense of the provisional wartime capital of
1800:
5409:
5131:
5101:
5071:
4133:
4089:
Zero Fighter: Ballantine's Illustrated History of World War II Weapons Book No. 9
3101:
2980:
2454:
2421:
2412:
2408:
2400:
2317:
2117:
2038:
1782:
1738:
1510:
1485:
1354:
871:
677:
483:
446:
270:
237:
226:
168:
137:
121:
4890:
4829:
4544:
4454:
4424:
3970:
3066:
2902:
5512:
5279:
5126:
5086:
5076:
5056:
5021:
4584:
3594:
3109:
3024:, along with the young 2nd Lt. Lin Heng (younger brother of renowned architect
2829:
2705:
airbases in the Chongqing region were not yet set up for nighttime operations.
2651:
2639:
2631:
2616:
2595:(USAAF) operations – and the Chinese Air Force were provided with new American
2561:
2509:
2429:
2313:
2053:
2048:
1568:
1422:
1330:
1252:
853:
731:
4524:
5742:
5141:
5116:
5066:
5061:
5041:
3689:"The Chongqing Bombing and the foreign embassies in Chongqing during wartime"
2971:
2964:
2771:
2568:
2415:
series of fighter-pursuit aircraft by early 1938. Along with a few remaining
682:
263:
147:
4379:
2674:
showing bombs from IJAAF Type 97/Ki-21 (九七式重爆撃機) heavy bombers exploding on
2548:
on 3 May 1939, when airbases of newly-captured territories, specifically in
2344:
1857:
5081:
5031:
3044:
2925:
2839:
The Japanese warned foreign delegations in Chongqing to avoid being hit as
2800:
2655:
2635:
2604:
2428:, which was disbanded in October 1938 due to difficulties in combating the
2277:
1890:
1751:
1559:
1554:
1468:
619:
563:
213:
40:
5264:
5096:
4291:
3133:
3121:
2815:
Casualties of a stampede during a Japanese air raid in Chongqing in 1941.
2709:
2670:
A photograph taken by IJA reporters on 16 June 1940 and published in the
2576:
2014:
1932:
1846:
1245:
1216:
528:
36:
3767:
3751:
3454:
2951:
fighters were first deployed into combat in course of the Chongqing and
2708:
Two months later, after tens of thousands of deaths, in retaliation for
5091:
5036:
3025:
2918:
2624:
2437:
2268:
1922:
1912:
142:
3276:"China Lost 14 Million People in World War II. Why Is This Forgotten?"
3061:(the Pearl Harbor attack mission), future Japanese ace-fighter pilots
2312:), from 18 February 1938 to 19 December 1944, was a series of massive
5106:
5026:
4214:
4204:
3021:
2933:
2914:
2844:
2737:
2726:
2643:
2340:
1668:
76:
3373:"Gassed up: The juice that fuelled victory in the Battle of Britain"
3117:
2588:
2515:
48:
2865:
who represented the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service during the
2779:
2693:
high explosive "land bombs" (98 dropped on day one) and Type 98/7
5864:
World War II aerial operations and battles of the Pacific theatre
2952:
2898:
2449:
2441:
3112:
against the Japanese home islands. The badly needed high-octane
3086:
2997:
3866:
War in the Pacific – Strategy and Command: The First Two Years
3304:
2828:
and processed locally; locally sourced oil came by way of the
1184:
3140:. A total of 268 air raids were conducted against Chongqing.
3113:
2850:
2833:
2584:
2549:
2528:
1735:
3915:"How Much of What Goods Have We Sent to Which Allies? | AHA"
2619:
variants, known under Allied codename "Nell" and the IJAAF
3556:
From the Battle of Chongqing to the Attack on Pearl Harbor
3205:
Chan, Gong, Little, Andy, John, Michael (7 October 2015).
3143:
4177:
4141:
4019:"World War 2 Timelines 1939–1945 – European Air War 1944"
3207:"World War 2 Flying Ace Arthur Chin's Amazing True Story"
3541:"The 1 Reason Imperial Japan Attacked Pearl Harbor: Oil"
3515:"Japan's World War II Zero Fighter Terrified the Allies"
2403:. The Chinese had found new hope in the lifeline of the
3039:
and the freezing of Japanese assets in summer of 1941.
3945:"Forgotten theater' pilot recalls crossing Himalayas"
3718:
Our Times: An Illustrated History of the 20th Century
3570:"The Hump: Death and Salvation on the Aluminum Trail"
2936:
developed by combat flight instructor Yan Lei of the
16:
1938–1943 Japanese air raids against Chongqing, China
2469:A surviving Chinese Air Force I-16 fighter at the
4072:Cheung, Raymond. Osprey Aircraft of the Aces 126:
3996:
3891:
3303:Sun, Vlasova, Harmsen, Lianggang, Evgenia, Peter.
3247:"China's Air Forces in the Struggle Against Japan"
3204:
300:
5859:World War II strategic bombing by populated place
3302:
2947:The state-of-the-art new Japanese Mitsubishi A6M
5740:
3663:"Operation 101: Chungking, the Underground City"
208:41st and 42nd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalions
3624:"Mitsubishi Ki-15 Type 97 / C5M Type 98 "Babs""
3127:
3035:, the Empire of Japan was finally met with the
2276:in central Chongqing, by Imperial Japan during
3037:U.S. scrap metal and oil embargo against Japan
4163:
3749:
1887:
1873:
1721:
1200:
635:
286:
67:(6 years, 10 months and 1 day)
4091:. New York, NY: Ballantine Books Inc, 1969.
3332:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3230:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3085:, commander of the Imperial Japanese Army's
2560:heavy bomber units. The introduction of the
649:
3793:"Pearl Harbor Scourge: Mitsubishi A6M Zero"
3351:, Aircraft of the Aces, Osprey Publishing,
2583:; beginning in 1942, barrels of 100-octane
2523: ; Japan's principal fighter from 1940
4170:
4156:
3821:
3305:"Shanghai 1937 – Where World War II Began"
2432:fighter. While the Chinese victory at the
1880:
1866:
1728:
1714:
1207:
1193:
642:
628:
293:
279:
47:
5395:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
3485:"Operation 100: The Bombing of Chungking"
2879:China-Japan Servicemen's Devotion Society
3885:
3883:
3120:". As Japan's focus shifted towards the
2970:
2875:Futility of the Chongqing Bombing Thesis
2849:
2810:
2778:
2665:
2514:
2464:
2272:Map showing the concentrated bombing of
2267:
1832:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936)
1773:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895)
221:(stationed October 1938 – December 1939)
5505:
4074:Aces of the Republic of China Air Force
3790:
3600:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
3513:Network, Warfare History (8 May 2019).
3512:
3349:Aces of the Republic of China Air Force
3309:Shanghai 1937: Where World War II Began
3144:Lawsuit against the Japanese government
2803:-armed and more-powerful M-25V engined
2405:Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of 1937
112:
97:
5741:
3942:
3859:
3647:
3645:
3538:
3452:
3370:
3346:
2724:two years earlier (and similar to the
2331:(IJNAF). Resistance was put up by the
4179:Strategic bombing during World War II
4151:
3994:
3889:
3880:
3846:
3844:
3745:
3743:
3686:
3567:
3539:Roblin, Sebastien (16 October 2019).
3033:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
2763:higher-octane rated and supercharged
2579:against Japan, and consequently, the
1861:
1709:
1188:
623:
274:
5272:
4140:, No. 2. in the official website of
3660:
3482:
3422:
3273:
2983:, the plane he flew against the A6M
2426:French Volunteer Group (the 41st PS)
5714:
4076:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2015.
3968:
3943:Norton, Wilma (25 September 2005).
3642:
3593:
3587:
3371:Thorne, Stephen J. (29 July 2020).
3244:
3052:battlefronts against Nazi Germany.
65:18 February 1938 – 19 December 1944
13:
3912:
3841:
3740:
2924:On 11 August 1940, 4th PG CO Maj.
2558:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
2374:Chinese warlord air force aircraft
2358:
2329:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
2325:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
243:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
232:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
14:
5875:
4115:
3862:"Chapter V: The Decision for War"
3693:Galileo Galilei Italian Institute
2975:Fighter pilot Xu Jixiang of the
3752:"Dealing with the Japanese Zero"
3453:Goebel, Greg (1 November 2020).
3175:
3170:Volunteer army leaving Chongqing
3163:
1813:German Pacific possesions (1914)
236:
225:
212:
201:
189:
114:
99:
4044:"Chongqing bombing victims sue"
4036:
4011:
3988:
3962:
3936:
3906:
3876:– via hyperwar Foundation
3853:
3824:"314 Air Battle over Shuangliu"
3815:
3784:
3774:
3731:
3710:
3687:Zhang, Yangxin (16 June 2020).
3680:
3654:
3616:
3607:
3568:Sears, David (4 October 2016).
3561:
3532:
3506:
3476:
3423:Matt, P. E. (7 February 2015).
3396:
3081:On 30 August 1941, Lt. General
2384:outbreak of the air war in 1937
2368:The centralized command of the
1788:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905)
1214:
3868:, US Army in WWII, p. 113
3791:LoProto, Mark (9 April 2018).
3446:
3416:
3390:
3364:
3340:
3296:
3267:
3238:
3198:
3069:were part of the escort of an
2379:Nationalist Air Force of China
2301:
2293:
667:1931–1937 (pre-war skirmishes)
1:
5754:Airstrikes conducted by Japan
4065:
3661:Matt, P. E. (7 August 2015).
3425:"The Shanghai Incident, 1932"
2992:over the Japanese airbase at
2681:In the first two days of the
2581:Japanese raid on Pearl Harbor
2424:fighters left by the defunct
2321:Imperial General Headquarters
2316:operations authorized by the
2078:Mediterranean and Middle East
499:Qantas Short Empire shootdown
53:The city during bombing, 1940
3274:Todd, Michael (3 May 2017).
3128:Total bomb tonnage and raids
3106:North American B-25 Mitchell
2623:"Sally"; others include the
2593:United States Army Air Force
2059:Manchuria and Northern Korea
1661:Manchuria and Northern Korea
524:KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown
7:
3750:O'Connell, John F. (2016).
3483:Matt, P. E. (23 May 2015).
2887:defeat of France by Germany
2370:Republic of China Air Force
2337:National Revolutionary Army
1459:Dutch East Indies (1941–42)
1416:Strategic bombing (1944–45)
1095:North Burma and West Yunnan
197:Republic of China Air Force
164:Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni
10:
5880:
3156:
2830:Yumen Laojunmiao oil wells
2471:Datangshan Aviation Museum
2280:(Second Sino-Japanese War)
1737:Military campaigns of the
1608:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands
5759:Chongqing in World War II
5705:
5670:
5639:
5628:
5589:
5568:
5547:
5526:
5352:
5331:
5300:
5263:
5188:
5152:
5007:
4976:
4955:
4929:
4873:
4697:
4372:
4312:
4305:
4274:
4253:
4232:
4223:
4185:
3850:Caidin, 1969, pp. 60–61.
3737:Cheung, 2015, pp. 74–75.
3455:"The Mitsubishi A6M Zero"
2938:Central Air Force Academy
2889:in June 1940, the French
2309:
1898:
1778:Liaodong Peninsula (1895)
1748:
1224:
717:Pacification of Manchukuo
663:
312:
261:
248:
182:
128:
91:
57:
46:
30:
25:
4195:Aerial bombing of cities
3971:"Over the Hump to China"
3347:Cheung, Raymond (2015),
3192:
3187:The defense of Chongqing
2661:
2610:
2601:M2 Browning machine guns
2591:" – mostly destined for
2363:
2345:other targets in Sichuan
2064:pre-war border conflicts
1847:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945)
1695:Second Sino-Japanese War
1535:Estevan Point Lighthouse
1290:Indian Ocean (1941–1945)
1241:Marshalls–Gilberts raids
654:Second Sino-Japanese War
33:Second Sino-Japanese War
3913:Series, GI Roundtable.
2446:Battle of South Guangxi
2372:integrated many former
1842:French Indochina (1940)
1297:Japanese merchant raids
564:Nauru and Ocean Islands
5854:Disasters in Chongqing
4200:Area bombing directive
4127:"Bombing of Chongqing"
3898:. Time-Life. pp.
3860:Morton, Louis (1961),
3008:
2882:
2816:
2784:
2757:
2678:
2524:
2473:
2281:
1596:Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1440:Burma and India (1944)
1263:Gilberts and Marshalls
1148:West Henan–North Hubei
219:Soviet Volunteer Group
129:Commanders and leaders
4132:24 March 2012 at the
4003:. Time-Life. p.
3651:Cheung, 2015, p. 73.
3613:Cheung, 2015, p. 72.
3545:The National Interest
3519:The National Interest
3098:declared war on Japan
2974:
2853:
2814:
2805:I-16 Type 17 fighters
2782:
2742:
2716:against that nation.
2699:22nd Pursuit Squadron
2669:
2577:oil and steel embargo
2518:
2468:
2434:Battle of Kunlun Pass
2323:and conducted by the
2271:
1989:Yugoslavian Partisans
1506:Philippines (1944–45)
1464:Philippines (1941–42)
303:Japanese offensives,
249:Casualties and losses
5749:Bombing of Chongqing
4565:Ludwigshafen / Oppau
4297:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
3047:. With the start of
2597:Republic P-43 Lancer
2556:operations with the
2286:bombing of Chongqing
1307:Homfreyganj massacre
26:Bombing of Chongqing
5640:Mandatory Palestine
3995:Moser, Don (1978).
3890:Moser, Don (1978).
3803:on 30 November 2020
3245:Johnson, Robert C.
3211:Disciples of Flight
3031:In response to the
3013:all-points bulletin
2792:(IJAAF designation
2298:traditional Chinese
1818:Siberia (1918–1922)
1075:Sichuan (cancelled)
534:Andaman and Nicobar
5849:Explosions in 1943
5844:Explosions in 1942
5839:Explosions in 1941
5834:Explosions in 1940
5829:Explosions in 1939
5824:Explosions in 1938
4916:Rotterdam (Allied)
3975:Air Force Magazine
3919:www.historians.org
3797:Visit Pearl Harbor
3716:Lorraine Glennon.
3459:www.airvectors.net
3403:english.cqnews.net
3026:Phyllis Lin Huiyin
3009:
3000:, whilst flying a
2959:led by Lieutenant
2883:
2817:
2785:
2679:
2525:
2474:
2389:Battle of Shanghai
2290:simplified Chinese
2282:
2191:French West Africa
2032:South West Pacific
1940:Denmark and Norway
1654:Japanese surrender
1620:Naval bombardments
1550:Fire balloon bombs
1273:Volcano and Ryukyu
1268:Marianas and Palau
865:Yellow River flood
779:Railway Operation
5819:Conflicts in 1943
5814:Conflicts in 1942
5809:Conflicts in 1941
5804:Conflicts in 1940
5799:Conflicts in 1939
5794:Conflicts in 1938
5734:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5701:
5700:
5630:Mediterranean and
5624:
5623:
5522:
5521:
5259:
5258:
5032:Barrow-in-Furness
5017:Battle of Britain
4693:
4692:
4470:Freiburg (Allies)
4210:Strategic bombing
4108:978-7-5126-4433-5
3999:China-Burma-India
3969:Correll, John T.
3894:China-Burma-India
3756:Air Power History
3182:
3018:John Huang Xinrui
2841:collateral damage
2722:Battle of Nanking
2714:economic sanction
2676:Yuzhong Peninsula
2541:national fortress
2460:Battle of Britain
2417:Curtiss Hawk IIIs
2387:attrition at the
2333:Chinese Air Force
2318:Empire of Japan's
2274:Yuzhong Peninsula
2263:
2262:
2184:Strategic bombing
2100:Mediterranean Sea
1855:
1854:
1783:China (1899–1901)
1703:
1702:
1545:Lookout Air Raids
1452:Southwest Pacific
1182:
1181:
1041:Yunnan-Burma Road
979:Hundred Regiments
751:Marco Polo Bridge
617:
616:
467:Dutch East Indies
269:
268:
87:
86:
81:Republic of China
5871:
5712:
5711:
5637:
5636:
5534:Allied Singapore
5503:
5502:
5270:
5269:
5228:(Czechoslovakia)
4911:Rotterdam (Axis)
4310:
4309:
4230:
4229:
4225:European theatre
4190:Area bombardment
4172:
4165:
4158:
4149:
4148:
4087:Caidin, Martin.
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4002:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3897:
3887:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3822:ROCAF Official.
3819:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3799:. Archived from
3788:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3747:
3738:
3735:
3729:
3720:. October 1995.
3714:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3551:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3497:
3495:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3331:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3286:
3280:Pacific Standard
3271:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3229:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3202:
3184:
3183:
3167:
3151:Tokyo High Court
3138:Battle of Berlin
3122:Pacific campaign
2895:French Indochina
2891:Vichy Government
2864:
2826:French Indochina
2755:
2695:incendiary bombs
2648:Mitsubishi Ki-67
2642:"Betty" and the
2621:Mitsubishi Ki-21
2573:French Indochina
2478:Baishiyi Airbase
2353:Sichuan invasion
2311:
2303:
2295:
2250:French Indochina
1893:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1743:
1741:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1707:
1706:
1675:Manchuria (1945)
1530:Aleutian Islands
1380:Indochina (1945)
1350:Indochina (1940)
1336:2nd Indian Ocean
1319:1st Indian Ocean
1314:Christmas Island
1219:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1186:
1185:
1069:Zhejiang–Jiangxi
945:Winter Offensive
842:North-East Henan
773:Sihang Warehouse
658:
657:
655:
644:
637:
630:
621:
620:
579:Aleutian Islands
569:Zhejiang-Jiangxi
539:Christmas Island
350:French Indochina
307:
295:
288:
281:
272:
271:
241:
240:
230:
229:
217:
216:
206:
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59:
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23:
22:
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5327:
5296:
5255:
5184:
5148:
5009:
5003:
4972:
4951:
4925:
4869:
4815:Reggio Calabria
4689:
4670:Wiener Neustadt
4475:Friedrichshafen
4465:Freiburg (Axis)
4368:
4315:
4301:
4270:
4249:
4219:
4181:
4176:
4134:Wayback Machine
4118:
4113:
4097:978 03560 30739
4082:978 14728 05614
4068:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4050:. 31 March 2006
4048:The Japan Times
4042:
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4025:
4017:
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4012:
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3949:Tampa Bay Times
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3595:Bix, Herbert P.
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3405:
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3377:Legion Magazine
3369:
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3325:
3324:
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3297:
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3203:
3199:
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3188:
3185:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3159:
3146:
3130:
3102:Joseph Stilwell
3063:Gitaro Miyazaki
2977:17th PS, 5th PG
2942:Wujiaba Airbase
2934:air burst bombs
2858:
2756:
2750:
2664:
2613:
2546:"Operation 100"
2455:Royal Air Force
2422:Dewoitine D.510
2409:Polikarpov I-15
2397:Fall of Taiyuan
2393:Fall of Nanjing
2366:
2361:
2359:Opposing forces
2266:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2146:Other campaigns
2140:Southern France
2049:Burma and India
2044:South-East Asia
2039:Franco-Thai War
1894:
1888:
1886:
1856:
1851:
1837:China (1937–45)
1808:Tsingtao (1914)
1795:
1744:
1740:Empire of Japan
1739:
1736:
1734:
1704:
1699:
1691:
1603:Mariana Islands
1476:Solomon Islands
1445:Burma (1944–45)
1435:Burma (1942–43)
1430:Burma (1941–42)
1423:Burma and India
1355:Franco-Thai War
1302:Andaman Islands
1229:Central Pacific
1220:
1215:
1213:
1183:
1178:
971:Zaoyang–Yichang
910:Suixian–Zaoyang
756:Beiping–Tianjin
695:Nenjiang Bridge
659:
653:
651:
650:
648:
618:
613:
452:Gilbert Islands
345:Zaoyang–Yichang
308:
304:
301:
299:
235:
234:
224:
211:
210:
202:
200:
199:
190:
188:
178:
174:Takijirō Ōnishi
169:Hajime Sugiyama
157:
138:Chiang Kai-shek
115:
113:
100:
98:
83:
66:
52:
37:Pacific Theater
17:
12:
11:
5:
5877:
5867:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
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5836:
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5539:Axis Singapore
5536:
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5304:
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5298:
5297:
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5294:
5293:
5292:
5290:Allied Rangoon
5287:
5280:Burma campaign
5276:
5274:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5257:
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5079:
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5069:
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5059:
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5049:
5044:
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5024:
5022:Baedeker Blitz
5019:
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4532:
4530:Kaiserslautern
4527:
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4507:
4502:
4497:
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4183:
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4175:
4174:
4167:
4160:
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4146:
4145:
4124:
4117:
4116:External links
4114:
4112:
4111:
4100:
4085:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4035:
4023:WorldWar-2.net
4010:
3987:
3961:
3935:
3905:
3879:
3852:
3840:
3828:air.mnd.gov.tw
3814:
3783:
3773:
3739:
3730:
3709:
3679:
3667:Pacific Eagles
3653:
3641:
3628:Pacific Eagles
3615:
3606:
3603:. p. 364.
3586:
3560:
3531:
3505:
3489:Pacific Eagles
3475:
3445:
3429:Pacific Eagles
3415:
3389:
3363:
3357:
3339:
3295:
3266:
3251:worldatwar.net
3237:
3196:
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3189:
3186:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3145:
3142:
3129:
3126:
3110:Doolittle Raid
3049:full-scale war
2979:leaning on an
2885:Following the
2834:Gansu province
2748:
2663:
2660:
2652:Nakajima Ki-49
2640:Mitsubishi G4M
2632:Kawasaki Ki-48
2617:Mitsubishi G3M
2612:
2609:
2562:Mitsubishi A6M
2550:Hubei province
2430:Mitsubishi A5M
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2314:terror bombing
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
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2242:
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2227:
2222:
2217:
2215:Baltic Nations
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2011:
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1763:Ganghwa (1875)
1760:
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1630:South Sakhalin
1627:
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1387:
1385:Malacca Strait
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:Southeast Asia
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1286:
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1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1253:Doolittle Raid
1250:
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1225:
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1204:
1197:
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1157:
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1140:Guilin–Liuzhou
1136:
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1103:
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783:Beiping–Hankou
777:
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763:
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753:
747:
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722:Inner Mongolia
719:
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185:
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183:Units involved
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5789:1943 in China
5787:
5785:
5784:1942 in China
5782:
5780:
5779:1941 in China
5777:
5775:
5774:1940 in China
5772:
5770:
5769:1939 in China
5767:
5765:
5764:1938 in China
5762:
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5617:(Philippines)
5616:
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5610:
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5598:
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5569:United States
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5468:
5465:
5464:10 March 1945
5461:
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5234:(Switzerland)
5233:
5230:
5227:
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5209:
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5118:
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5110:
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5018:
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5006:
5000:
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4990:
4987:
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4982:
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4969:
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4919:
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4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
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4708:
4706:
4703:
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4700:
4696:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
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4675:Wilhelmshaven
4673:
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4668:
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4360:
4357:
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4354:Gelsenkirchen
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
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4327:
4325:
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4161:
4159:
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4153:
4150:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4122:Memorial site
4120:
4119:
4109:
4105:
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4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4079:
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3991:
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3916:
3909:
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3896:
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3798:
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3787:
3777:
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3753:
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3744:
3734:
3727:
3726:9781878685582
3723:
3719:
3713:
3706:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3648:
3646:
3630:. 26 May 2015
3629:
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3610:
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3601:
3596:
3590:
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3479:
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3449:
3442:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3358:9781472805614
3354:
3350:
3343:
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3329:
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3310:
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3299:
3292:
3281:
3277:
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3252:
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3141:
3139:
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3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3071:Operation 102
3068:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2965:Louie Yim-qun
2962:
2961:Saburo Shindo
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2901:), including
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2867:Operation 101
2862:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2772:schnellbomber
2768:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2683:Operation 100
2677:
2673:
2672:Asahi Shimbun
2668:
2659:
2657:
2654:"Helen", and
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2569:air supremacy
2566:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2482:Fenghuangshan
2479:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2401:Fall of Wuhan
2398:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:Syria–Lebanon
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:Pacific Ocean
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1996:Eastern Front
1994:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1945:Western Front
1943:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1892:
1889:Campaigns of
1883:
1878:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:Taishō period
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:Ryukyu (1879)
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:Taiwan (1874)
1756:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1742:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:Kuril Islands
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:North America
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:Borneo (1945)
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1331:Bay of Bengal
1329:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
994:
992:
991:Central Hubei
989:
987:
986:North Vietnam
984:
982:
981:
980:
975:
973:
972:
968:
967:
963:
962:
957:
954:
952:
949:
948:
947:
946:
942:
938:
935:
934:
933:
932:
931:South Guangxi
928:
926:
925:
921:
917:
914:
913:
912:
911:
907:
905:
904:
900:
896:
893:
892:
891:
888:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
874:
873:
869:
867:
866:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
848:
845:
844:
843:
840:
836:
833:
832:
831:
830:
826:
822:
819:
818:
817:
816:
812:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
798:
797:
793:
789:
788:Tianjin–Pukou
786:
784:
781:
780:
778:
774:
771:
770:
769:
768:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
744:
743:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
684:
683:Lytton Report
681:
680:
679:
676:
675:
674:
671:
670:
666:
665:
662:
656:
645:
640:
638:
633:
631:
626:
625:
622:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
480:
479:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
387:Western Hubei
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
373:
372:
366:
363:
361:
360:Central Hubei
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
330:South Guangxi
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
317:
316:
311:
306:
296:
291:
289:
284:
282:
277:
276:
273:
265:
260:
256:
253:
252:
247:
244:
239:
233:
228:
223:
220:
215:
209:
198:
187:
186:
181:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
159:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
135:
133:
132:
127:
123:
111:
108:
96:
95:
90:
82:
78:
74:
71:
70:
64:
61:
60:
56:
50:
45:
42:
38:
34:
29:
24:
19:
5736:
5707:North Africa
5609:Kuala Lumpur
5590:Other cities
5576:Pearl Harbor
5307:
5232:Schaffhausen
5189:Other cities
4977:Soviet Union
4410:Braunschweig
4390:Aschersleben
4373:Other cities
4137:
4088:
4073:
4052:. Retrieved
4047:
4038:
4026:. Retrieved
4022:
4013:
3998:
3990:
3978:. Retrieved
3974:
3964:
3952:. Retrieved
3948:
3938:
3929:
3922:. Retrieved
3918:
3908:
3893:
3870:, retrieved
3865:
3855:
3831:. Retrieved
3827:
3817:
3805:. Retrieved
3801:the original
3796:
3786:
3776:
3762:(3): 25–30.
3759:
3755:
3733:
3717:
3712:
3703:
3696:. Retrieved
3692:
3682:
3670:. Retrieved
3666:
3656:
3632:. Retrieved
3627:
3618:
3609:
3598:
3589:
3577:. Retrieved
3573:
3563:
3555:
3548:. Retrieved
3544:
3534:
3522:. Retrieved
3518:
3508:
3499:
3492:. Retrieved
3488:
3478:
3469:
3462:. Retrieved
3458:
3448:
3439:
3432:. Retrieved
3428:
3418:
3406:. Retrieved
3402:
3392:
3380:. Retrieved
3376:
3366:
3348:
3342:
3319:
3312:. Retrieved
3308:
3298:
3290:
3283:. Retrieved
3279:
3269:
3261:
3254:. Retrieved
3250:
3240:
3214:. Retrieved
3210:
3200:
3147:
3131:
3095:
3091:Yunxiu Tower
3090:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3067:Saburō Sakai
3056:
3054:
3041:
3030:
3010:
3002:P-40 Warhawk
2989:
2984:
2957:12th Kokutai
2948:
2946:
2926:Zheng Shaoyu
2923:
2907:
2884:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2854:Lt. General
2838:
2821:
2818:
2801:ShVAK cannon
2798:
2793:
2786:
2776:formations.
2770:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2752:K. Kokkinaki
2744:
2743:
2733:Liu Zhesheng
2725:
2718:
2707:
2703:
2686:
2682:
2680:
2656:Yokosuka P1Y
2636:Nakajima B5N
2627:
2614:
2605:Zheng Shaoyu
2564:
2554:joint-strike
2553:
2545:
2526:
2520:
2475:
2378:
2377:
2367:
2349:
2327:(IJAAF) and
2285:
2283:
2278:World War II
2208:
2207:
2196:Indian Ocean
2157:Ecuador–Peru
2145:
2144:
2114:Middle East
2088:North Africa
2076:
2075:
2015:Asia-Pacific
2013:
2012:
1900:
1891:World War II
1825:Shōwa period
1823:
1822:
1799:
1798:
1793:Korea (1910)
1752:Meiji period
1750:
1693:
1692:
1667:
1647:
1613:
1560:
1555:Project Hula
1540:Fort Stevens
1469:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1283:Ocean Island
1246:
1236:Pearl Harbor
1152:
1138:
1129:4th Changsha
1120:
1119:
1112:
1093:
1086:
1067:
1035:3rd Changsha
1033:
1028:2nd Changsha
1026:
1021:South Shanxi
1019:
1012:
1000:
977:
976:
969:
951:West Suiyuan
943:
929:
924:1st Changsha
922:
908:
901:
870:
863:
858:
827:
813:
802:Pingxingguan
794:
767:2nd Shanghai
765:
712:1st Shanghai
599:Fort Stevens
477:
476:
472:3rd Changsha
457:Indian Ocean
412:Pearl Harbor
402:2nd Changsha
397:South Shanxi
370:
369:
335:West Suiyuan
324:
314:
92:Belligerents
41:World War II
31:Part of the
18:
5671:Other areas
5632:Middle East
5605:(Sri Lanka)
5265:Pacific War
5137:Southampton
5052:Bournemouth
4874:Netherlands
4705:Alessandria
4645:Schweinfurt
4640:Saarbrücken
4485:Halberstadt
4445:Dietzenbach
4395:Baden-Baden
4138:Nippon News
3954:10 December
3872:13 November
3672:13 November
3634:12 November
3579:16 November
3550:16 November
3524:16 November
3464:28 December
3434:28 December
3408:16 November
3382:16 November
3216:10 December
3134:Carl Mydans
3083:Saburo Endo
3058:Operation Z
3045:asphyxiated
2859: [
2856:Saburo Endo
2710:firebombing
2634:"Lily" and
2575:, with the
2533:Taierzhuang
2486:Guangyangba
2179:Air Warfare
2093:East Africa
1680:Mutanchiang
1501:New Britain
1217:Pacific War
1061:Yenangyaung
1002:South Henan
996:South Anhui
937:Kunlun Pass
835:Taierzhuang
609:Mount Emily
529:Operation K
442:Sand Island
427:Philippines
382:South Henan
365:North China
153:Zhou Zhirou
5743:Categories
5611:(Malaysia)
5599:(Thailand)
5480:Utsunomiya
5240:(Bulgaria)
5208:Hammerfest
5153:Yugoslavia
5122:Nottingham
5112:Manchester
5047:Birmingham
4999:Stalingrad
4901:Middelburg
4620:Peenemünde
4600:Nordhausen
4550:Königsberg
4515:Hildesheim
4430:Crailsheim
4344:Düsseldorf
4066:References
3980:9 December
3833:8 December
3807:9 December
3574:HistoryNet
3494:4 December
3397:Liu, Kan.
3087:3rd Sentai
3020:and Capt.
2930:Gao Youxin
2919:Burma Road
2881:(日中友好军人协会)
2691:Type 98/25
2630:("Ruth"),
2625:Fiat BR.20
2438:Burma Road
2399:, and the
2220:Yugoslavia
2201:Madagascar
2164:Antarctica
2135:Dodecanese
1955:Resistance
1923:Winter War
1913:Phoney War
1625:Sagami Bay
1614:Starvation
1496:New Guinea
1154:West Hunan
1106:Mount Song
1088:West Hubei
1008:West Hubei
883:Wenxi fire
878:Wanjialing
727:Great Wall
574:Madagascar
494:New Guinea
355:Kaimingjie
143:Chen Cheng
5722:Fort Lamy
5688:Gibraltar
5548:Australia
5527:Singapore
5497:Yokkaichi
5490:June 1944
5470:Toyohashi
5390:Hiratsuka
5385:Hamamatsu
5332:Indonesia
5313:Hong Kong
5308:Chongqing
5252:(Croatia)
5246:(Austria)
5216:(Finland)
5204:(Ireland)
5198:(Hungary)
5175:Podgorica
5159:Belgrade
5132:Sheffield
5102:Liverpool
5072:Clydebank
5027:The Blitz
4989:Leningrad
4963:Bucharest
4921:The Hague
4896:Enkhuizen
4886:Eindhoven
4881:Amsterdam
4720:Benevento
4655:Stuttgart
4625:Pforzheim
4615:Paderborn
4610:Osnabrück
4605:Nuremberg
4575:Magdeburg
4535:Karlsruhe
4520:Innsbruck
4510:Heilbronn
4460:Frankfurt
4435:Darmstadt
4364:Wuppertal
4314:Battle of
4215:V-weapons
4205:Firestorm
4054:3 January
3924:8 January
3285:3 January
3022:Cen Zeliu
3004:with the
2994:Qiongshan
2911:Ziliujing
2845:Nazi flag
2766:Kinsei 51
2738:Cen Zeliu
2727:Wilde Sau
2650:"Peggy",
2644:Aichi D3A
2537:Guangdong
2502:Taipingsi
2494:Shuangliu
2490:Liangshan
2436:kept the
2382:, at the
2341:Chongqing
2071:Australia
1967:Alps 1940
1960:1944–1945
1669:Kantokuen
1576:Air raids
1491:Australia
1481:Coral Sea
1375:Singapore
1370:Hong Kong
1101:Myitkyina
1081:1943–1945
964:1940–1942
859:Chongqing
745:1937–1939
690:Jiangqiao
673:Manchuria
604:Dureenbee
594:Newcastle
559:Coral Sea
504:Singapore
422:Hong Kong
325:Chongqing
320:Manchukuo
305:1940–1942
77:Chongqing
5662:Tel Aviv
5581:Unalaska
5515:(Taiwan)
5506:Colonies
5475:Toyokawa
5455:Shizuoka
5344:Surabaya
5339:Sukabumi
5323:Shanghai
5285:Mandalay
5222:(Norway)
5214:Helsinki
5210:(Norway)
5196:Budapest
5180:Sarajevo
5127:Plymouth
5087:Greenock
5077:Coventry
5057:Brighton
4968:Ploiești
4906:Nijmegen
4891:Enschede
4770:Grosseto
4755:Frascati
4730:Cagliari
4685:Würzburg
4580:Mannheim
4505:Hannover
4425:Chemnitz
4385:Augsburg
4339:Duisburg
4334:Dortmund
4316:the Ruhr
4287:Le Havre
4130:Archived
3768:26276773
3698:29 March
3597:(2001).
3328:cite web
3256:31 March
3226:cite web
3118:The Hump
2903:Lạng Sơn
2749:—
2628:Cicognas
2589:The Hump
2519:The A6M
2506:Wenjiang
2335:and the
2306:Japanese
2240:Bulgaria
2169:Atlantic
2152:Americas
2105:Adriatic
1687:Chongjin
1648:Downfall
1586:Yokosuka
1403:Tiderace
1360:Thailand
1134:Hengyang
1014:Shanggao
903:Nanchang
821:Massacre
549:Solomons
417:Thailand
392:Shanggao
377:Panjiayu
72:Location
35:and the
5678:Bahrain
5603:Colombo
5597:Bangkok
5513:Taihoku
5435:Okazaki
5415:Nagaoka
5375:Fukuoka
5318:Nanjing
5142:Swansea
5117:Norwich
5067:Cardiff
5062:Bristol
5042:Belfast
5010:Kingdom
4956:Romania
4937:Frampol
4860:Viterbo
4855:Vicenza
4840:Trieste
4835:Treviso
4805:Pescara
4800:Palermo
4780:Messina
4775:Livorno
4745:Ferrara
4740:Catania
4735:Cassino
4725:Bologna
4635:Rostock
4630:Potsdam
4590:Münster
4555:Leipzig
4495:Hamburg
4480:Giessen
4450:Dresden
4420:Breslau
4405:Bocholt
4359:Krefeld
4329:Cologne
4306:Germany
4266:Tallinn
4254:Estonia
4233:Denmark
4028:3 March
3157:Gallery
3076:martyrs
2981:I-15bis
2953:Chengdu
2940:at the
2899:Vietnam
2498:Suining
2450:Chengdu
2444:in the
2442:Nanning
2245:Hungary
2235:Romania
2084:Africa
1984:Balkans
1979:Britain
1933:Lapland
1928:Karelia
1918:Finland
1640:Shumshu
1525:Ellwood
1390:Vietnam
1174:Taihoku
1167:Air War
1160:Guangxi
1122:Ichi-Go
1114:Changde
1056:Toungoo
1046:Tachiao
847:Lanfeng
815:Nanking
796:Taiyuan
737:Suiyuan
700:Jinzhou
514:Ellwood
148:Liu Zhi
5683:Cyprus
5615:Manila
5560:Darwin
5555:Broome
5485:Yawata
5450:Sendai
5445:Rabaul
5430:Numazu
5420:Nagoya
5365:Aomori
5250:Zagreb
5244:Vienna
5226:Prague
5220:Namsos
5202:Dublin
5107:London
5082:Exeter
5008:United
4947:Wieluń
4942:Warsaw
4930:Poland
4850:Verona
4820:Rimini
4790:Naples
4750:Foggia
4710:Ancona
4650:Siegen
4595:Munich
4560:Lübeck
4540:Kassel
4440:Dessau
4415:Bremen
4400:Berlin
4380:Aachen
4324:Bochum
4275:France
4106:
4095:
4080:
3766:
3724:
3355:
3314:13 May
2998:Hainan
2985:Zero's
2915:Luxian
2510:Xinjin
2508:, and
2395:, the
2391:, the
2300::
2292::
2174:Arctic
2006:Sicily
1908:Poland
1902:Europe
1410:Zipper
1396:Jurist
1365:Malaya
1324:Ceylon
1258:Midway
1051:Oktwin
956:Wuyuan
916:Swatow
895:Hainan
890:Canton
829:Xuzhou
807:Xinkou
761:Chahar
705:Harbin
678:Mukden
589:Sydney
584:Midway
554:Tulagi
544:Ceylon
519:Broome
509:Darwin
462:Borneo
447:Niihau
407:Malaya
340:Wuyuan
264:francs
194:
119:
104:
5693:Malta
5657:Jaffa
5652:Haifa
5460:Tokyo
5440:Osaka
5370:Fukui
5360:Akita
5353:Japan
5301:China
5273:Burma
5238:Sofia
5097:Leeds
4994:Minsk
4984:Gorky
4865:Zadar
4845:Turin
4830:Terni
4795:Padua
4785:Milan
4765:Gorla
4760:Genoa
4698:Italy
4680:Worms
4665:Wesel
4585:Moers
4570:Mainz
4545:Kleve
4500:Hanau
4490:Halle
4455:Emden
4349:Essen
4292:Royan
4261:Narva
4245:Rønne
3764:JSTOR
3728:p.299
3193:Notes
3114:avgas
2897:(now
2863:]
2794:Ki-15
2662:Raids
2611:Japan
2585:avgas
2529:Wuhan
2364:China
2302:重慶大轟炸
2294:重庆大轰炸
2255:Japan
2230:Italy
2209:Coups
2110:Malta
2054:Japan
2022:China
2001:Italy
1581:Tokyo
1569:Japan
1486:Timor
872:Wuhan
489:Burma
484:Timor
122:Japan
107:China
5715:Chad
5647:Acre
5425:Naha
5410:Kure
5405:Kōfu
5400:Kobe
5380:Gifu
5168:1944
5163:1941
5092:Hull
5037:Bath
4825:Rome
4810:Pisa
4715:Bari
4525:Jena
4282:Caen
4240:Nexø
4104:ISBN
4093:ISBN
4078:ISBN
4056:2013
4030:2019
3982:2020
3956:2020
3926:2021
3902:, 8.
3874:2020
3835:2020
3809:2020
3722:ISBN
3700:2021
3674:2020
3636:2020
3581:2020
3552:2020
3526:2020
3496:2020
3466:2020
3436:2020
3410:2020
3384:2020
3353:ISBN
3334:link
3316:2021
3287:2021
3258:2021
3232:link
3218:2020
3065:and
3006:CACW
2990:Zero
2949:Zero
2913:and
2869:and
2565:Zero
2521:Zero
2413:I-16
2411:and
2343:and
2310:重慶爆撃
2284:The
2225:Iraq
2128:Iran
2118:Iraq
1972:1944
1950:1940
1591:Kure
1278:Truk
854:Amoy
732:Rehe
478:1942
437:Wake
432:Guam
371:1941
315:1940
62:Date
4660:Ulm
4142:NHK
3028:).
2871:102
2832:in
2822:101
2790:C5M
2687:100
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5745::
4136:,
4046:.
4021:.
3973:.
3947:.
3928:.
3917:.
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3864:,
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