154:
53:
142:
1494:
1512:, was finally prepared to attack. The attack was led by the infantry of Winterfeldt. The Prussian infantry soon found themselves not in meadows, but in the remains of fish ponds. While they struggled through, Winterfeldt was hit by a musketball. The Prussian infantry wavered and Schwerin rallied them, leading them from the front. He was hit several times by Austrian canister. Frederick, when he heard the news, ordered the assault to continue. Field Marshal Schwerin's death, however, had such an impact on King Frederick that eyewitness testimony, given by
1199:
1086:
1257:
1540:
means of explaining his frequent absences and seemingly deferred to
Schwerin both on matters of reconnaissance and when the field marshal urged the necessity of an expedient attack at Sterbohol, a crucial village in the immediate vicinity of Prague, at the very onset of the battle. As such, Schwerin's leadership and the independent initiative of regimental commanders following the field marshal's untimely demise should be hailed as chiefly contributing to the battle's victorious conclusion.
1098:
1122:
1187:
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1223:
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1211:
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1110:
1305:
1235:
1053:
1060:
1067:
1469:
The
Austrian army under von Browne had taken up a near invincible position on the Ziska- and the Tabor mountains. The town was on their left flank, with a steep gorge to the north, and to the west by a marshy slope with a brook at the bottom. The two Austrian commanders were in disagreement about the
1554:
The
Prussian victory was at a high cost; Frederick lost over 14,000 men, and two of his best generals were out of action (Schwerin was killed by enemy fire and Winterfeldt was severely wounded). Prince Charles had also suffered heavily, losing 8,900 men killed or wounded and 4,500 prisoners. Given
1539:
King
Frederick's exact whereabouts throughout the battle are, however, a matter of debate. The few recorded sightings of the King indicate he spent virtually the entire battle on the southern part of the field. By King Frederick's own account, he claimed to have fallen ill with stomach pains as a
1519:
The
Austrian infantry smelled the Prussian confusion and started to press the Prussians back down the slope, opening a gap between themselves and the remainder of the Austrian line still facing north. At this time von Browne was mortally wounded by Prussian infantry fire and carried into Prague.
1531:
and Bevern spotted the gap in the
Austrian line and started to filter infantry into the gap. Austrian Croats had engaged Prussians to the north of the Austrian left flank, but with the gap in the Austrian line being exploited by a steady stream of Prussians he pulled back and formed a new line
1504:
Frederick ordered an immediate assault, but
Schwerin convinced him to make a reconnaissance around the Austrian right flank. He returned with the information that gradually sloping green meadows offered a better chance for attack at the Austrian rear. The Prussian army started marching around
1555:
the high casualties he had suffered, Frederick decided to lay siege rather than launch a direct assault on the walls of Prague. He calculated that 40,000 soldiers, in addition to 75,000 inhabitants, would soon consume the city stores.
1535:
The final phase of the battle started around 3 pm, with
Prussians engaging the still-forming Austrian line and outflanking them from the south. Charles withdrew into the town, the retreat being covered by his cavalry.
1505:
7 am, and succeeded in staying largely out of sight till the
Austrian generals noticed the movements around 10 am. Field Marshal von Browne shifted six infantry regiments to take up position to the south east.
521:
511:
516:
257:
409:
1516:, indicates he suffered a nervous breakdown, appearing in a pitiful state before Prince Henry and Kalckreuth while lamenting the casualties suffered and barely being able to speak.
526:
1462:
had been retreating skillfully and concentrating his armed forces towards Prague. Here he established a fortified position to the east of the town, and an additional army under
732:
571:
1323:
843:
687:
682:
662:
501:
576:
394:
717:
531:
374:
1528:
788:
783:
697:
474:
764:
727:
591:
297:
250:
737:
596:
848:
586:
546:
1448:
90:
1443:. Though risky, because it exposed the Prussian army to a defeat in detail, the plan succeeded. After Frederick's corps united with a corps under Prince
997:
853:
536:
342:
643:
322:
243:
404:
858:
692:
379:
317:
1827:
1420:
in the 1756 campaign, he spent the winter devising new plans for a defence of his small kingdom. It was not in his nature, nor in his
1458:
Meanwhile, the
Austrians had not been idle. Though initially surprised by the early Prussian attack, the able Austrian field marshal
944:
1481:
On 6 May, around 5 am, the Prussian army assembled to the north on the Prosek heights, 115,000 men strong, and Frederick sent
1872:
990:
174:
1857:
1852:
833:
823:
808:
1877:
1808:
1792:
1513:
1485:
with 30,000 to the west of the town to cut off any Austrian retreat. The Austrians drew up for battle facing north and east.
1463:
191:
1832:
1847:
1842:
1746:
1721:
1696:
1671:
1646:
1470:
course of action: von Browne wanted to attack, but Charles decided to wait for Konigseck, who had been defeated at the
983:
882:
1620:
20:
1862:
1452:
964:
178:
1867:
1558:
His calculation, however, did not take into account the relief army Austria managed to field against him at the
904:
769:
1097:
742:
434:
1085:
803:
752:
464:
384:
1059:
1837:
1482:
1052:
919:
707:
52:
1405:
1509:
1459:
1121:
722:
702:
195:
1424:, simply to sit back and defend. He began drawing up plans for another bold strike against Austria.
454:
1292:
909:
667:
429:
1524:
1493:
1475:
1444:
1383:
1198:
924:
877:
818:
677:
449:
389:
170:
1801:
Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015
954:
959:
949:
479:
459:
439:
1471:
1280:
793:
747:
541:
337:
292:
235:
444:
1150:
939:
887:
633:
359:
8:
1379:
1349:
1304:
1162:
1045:
1024:
838:
613:
506:
364:
327:
267:
43:
892:
813:
618:
1428:
1387:
1375:
1358:
1340:
1316:
1268:
1222:
1174:
1029:
1019:
863:
828:
650:
623:
601:
496:
287:
146:
141:
39:
1234:
312:
1804:
1788:
1742:
1717:
1692:
1667:
1642:
1616:
1421:
1210:
934:
914:
672:
566:
556:
469:
424:
419:
414:
369:
158:
153:
1474:
but was known to be retreating towards Prague, and possibly even for the arrival of
1394:
to retreat, but having lost 14,300 men, decided he was not strong enough to attack
1186:
1138:
1109:
798:
581:
561:
399:
354:
332:
199:
182:
1559:
1549:
1400:
929:
551:
307:
1527:
reorganised the Prussian infantry in the south for another attack, the generals
1466:
arrived, swelling the Austrian numbers to 60,000. The prince now took command.
1256:
776:
712:
657:
638:
491:
84:
1821:
1007:
870:
628:
105:
92:
1436:
1432:
1391:
80:
1716:(1st ed.). Harlow, New York: Pearson/Longmont. p. 57.
975:
1741:(1st ed.). Harlow, New York: Pearson/Longman. p. 57.
1440:
1417:
1395:
76:
265:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1439:. The four corps would unite at the Bohemian capital of
1587:
1577:
1575:
1532:
running south from the west end of the Tabor mountain.
1803:(4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
1691:. London & New York: Routledge. pp. 120–121.
1398:. The battle is mentioned in the famous German ballad
1666:. London & New York: Routledge. pp. 120–21.
1572:
1427:In early spring the Prussian army marched in four
1641:. London & New York: Routledge. p. 120.
1819:
1777:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905)
1562:, and he was soon forced to abandon the siege.
1431:over the mountain passes separating Saxony and
991:
251:
1498:The Battle of Prague in Bohemia, May 6, 1757
1416:After Frederick had forced the surrender of
1798:
1615:. London, England: Arms and Armour Press.
1598:
998:
984:
258:
244:
51:
1785:The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756–1763.
1739:The Seven Years War in Europe, 1756–1763
1714:The Seven Years War in Europe, 1756–1763
1492:
1610:
1604:
1500:, English 18th century copper engraving
1820:
1774:
1581:
200:
1736:
1711:
1686:
1661:
1636:
1455:, both armies converged near Prague.
979:
239:
1689:Frederick the Great: a military life
1664:Frederick the Great: a military life
1639:Frederick the Great: a military life
13:
1374:, fought on 6 May 1757 during the
349:Westphalia, Hesse and Lower Saxony
14:
1889:
1523:While King Frederick and General
1508:Schwerin, accompanied by General
1005:
21:Battle of Prague (disambiguation)
1315:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1149:
1137:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1065:
1058:
1051:
179:Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin
152:
140:
1828:Battles of the Seven Years' War
1460:Maximilian Ulysses Count Browne
196:Maximilian Ulysses Count Browne
1873:Battles of Frederick the Great
1755:
1730:
1705:
1680:
1655:
1630:
16:Part of the Third Silesian War
1:
1858:1757 in the Holy Roman Empire
1853:1757 in the Habsburg monarchy
1768:
1878:Battles of the Silesian Wars
1565:
1543:
7:
1737:Szabo, Franz A. J. (2008).
1712:Szabo, Franz A. J. (2008).
1687:Duffy, Christopher (2016).
1662:Duffy, Christopher (2016).
1637:Duffy, Christopher (2016).
10:
1894:
1833:Military history of Prague
1547:
1464:Prince Charles of Lorraine
1411:
338:Prussian Bohemia Incursion
18:
1848:Battles involving Austria
1843:Battles involving Prussia
1488:
1015:
280:
227:14,300 killed and wounded
221:
208:
164:
133:
59:
50:
37:
32:
1863:18th century in Bohemia
1799:Clodfelter, M. (2017).
1611:Perrett, Bryan (1992).
1406:Gottfried August Bürger
175:Prince Henry of Prussia
19:For other battles, see
1868:18th century in Prague
1501:
165:Commanders and leaders
1496:
1472:Battle of Reichenberg
1384:Frederick the Great's
883:Valencia de Alcántara
222:Casualties and losses
1514:Count von Kalckreuth
1372:Battle of Štěrboholy
1333: current battle
718:Breslau (1760 siege)
678:Breslau (1759 siege)
1775:Bodart, G. (1908).
1404:written in 1773 by
1350:Second Silesian War
1046:Frederick the Great
888:Vila Velha de Ródão
527:Dresden (surrender)
283:Bohemia and Moravia
192:Charles of Lorraine
171:Frederick the Great
102: /
1787:Routledge, 2013,
1502:
1376:Third Silesian War
1359:Third Silesian War
1341:First Silesian War
572:Torgau (3rd siege)
522:Torgau (2nd siege)
40:Third Silesian War
1838:Conflicts in 1757
1810:978-0-7864-7470-7
1793:978-1-317-88696-9
1422:military strategy
1038:
1037:
973:
972:
871:Iberian Peninsula
577:Wittenberg (1760)
517:Wittenberg (1759)
465:Lutterberg (1762)
234:
233:
129:
128:
106:50.083°N 14.550°E
1885:
1814:
1780:
1762:
1759:
1753:
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1727:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1585:
1579:
1380:Seven Years' War
1368:Battle of Prague
1356:
1347:
1338:
1332:
1325:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1276:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1252:
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1237:
1230:
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1206:
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1177:
1170:
1165:
1158:
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1141:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1093:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1055:
1010:
1000:
993:
986:
977:
976:
899:Naval Operations
770:Gross-Jägersdorf
486:Electoral Saxony
275:
274:European theatre
270:
269:Seven Years' War
260:
253:
246:
237:
236:
202:
187:
157:
156:
145:
144:
125:Prussian victory
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
107:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
61:
60:
55:
44:Seven Years' War
33:Battle of Prague
30:
29:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1818:
1817:
1811:
1771:
1766:
1765:
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1756:
1749:
1735:
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1724:
1710:
1706:
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1685:
1681:
1674:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1635:
1631:
1623:
1613:The Battle Book
1609:
1605:
1599:Clodfelter 2017
1597:
1588:
1580:
1573:
1568:
1560:Battle of Kolin
1552:
1550:Siege of Prague
1546:
1491:
1451:joined up with
1414:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1352:
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1343:
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1125:
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1103:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1056:
1048:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1011:
1006:
1004:
974:
969:
965:Cape Finisterre
753:4th Schweidnitz
733:3rd Schweidnitz
688:2nd Schweidnitz
663:1st Schweidnitz
308:Siege of Prague
276:
273:
268:
266:
264:
194:
183:
177:
173:
151:
139:
110:
108:
104:
101:
96:
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91:
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24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1796:
1783:Szabo, Franz.
1781:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:Szabo, p. 232.
1754:
1748:978-0582292727
1747:
1729:
1723:978-0582292727
1722:
1704:
1698:978-1138924727
1697:
1679:
1673:978-1138924727
1672:
1654:
1648:978-1138924727
1647:
1629:
1621:
1603:
1586:
1584:, p. 216.
1570:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1548:Main article:
1545:
1542:
1490:
1487:
1447:, and General
1413:
1410:
1390:forced 60,000
1353:
1344:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1273:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1215:
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1160:
1155:
1148:
1143:
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1119:
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1102:
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1027:
1022:
1016:
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988:
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971:
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968:
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962:
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952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
905:Fort St Philip
896:
895:
890:
885:
880:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
834:Kolberg (1761)
831:
826:
824:Kolberg (1760)
821:
816:
811:
809:Kolberg (1758)
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
773:
772:
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756:
755:
750:
745:
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735:
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579:
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512:Torgau (siege)
509:
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499:
494:
483:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
430:Kloster Kampen
427:
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161:
149:
136:
135:
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
111:50.083; 14.550
85:Czech Republic
83:, present-day
75:
73:
69:
68:
65:
57:
56:
48:
47:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1879:
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1874:
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1864:
1861:
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1797:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
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1772:
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1733:
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1719:
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1700:
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1690:
1683:
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1669:
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1658:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1624:
1622:1-85409-328-2
1618:
1614:
1607:
1601:, p. 85.
1600:
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1578:
1576:
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1551:
1541:
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1533:
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1465:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1324:
1318:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1258:
1236:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1164:
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1140:
1123:
1111:
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1087:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1008:Silesian Wars
1001:
996:
994:
989:
987:
982:
981:
978:
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961:
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956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
925:Bay of Biscay
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
901:
900:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
874:
873:
872:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
844:Green Redoubt
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
819:Frisches Haff
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
780:
779:
778:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
761:
760:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
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709:
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701:
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689:
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674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
654:
653:
652:
645:
642:
640:
639:Berlin (1760)
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
611:
610:
609:
603:
600:
598:
595:
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583:
580:
578:
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573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
532:Torgau (1759)
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
488:
487:
481:
480:Cassel (1762)
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
450:Villinghausen
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
375:Sandershausen
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
351:
350:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
285:
284:
279:
271:
261:
256:
254:
249:
247:
242:
241:
238:
229:
226:
225:
220:
217:60,000-61,000
216:
213:
212:
207:
203:
197:
193:
190:
188:
186:
180:
176:
172:
169:
168:
163:
160:
155:
150:
148:
143:
138:
137:
132:
124:
121:
120:
115:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
70:
66:
63:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
31:
26:
22:
1800:
1784:
1776:
1757:
1738:
1732:
1713:
1707:
1688:
1682:
1663:
1657:
1638:
1632:
1612:
1606:
1557:
1553:
1538:
1534:
1522:
1518:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1480:
1468:
1457:
1426:
1415:
1399:
1371:
1367:
1365:
950:Quiberon Bay
898:
897:
869:
868:
775:
774:
759:East Prussia
758:
757:
728:Cosel (1760)
693:Cosel (1758)
649:
648:
607:
606:
485:
484:
460:Wilhelmsthal
348:
347:
302:
282:
184:
134:Belligerents
38:Part of the
25:
1582:Bodart 1908
1529:Hautcharmoy
1510:Winterfeldt
748:Reichenbach
743:Burkersdorf
608:Brandenburg
592:Hilbersdorf
542:Hoyerswerda
502:Sonnenstein
435:Langensalza
410:2nd Münster
395:1st Münster
298:Alt-Bunzlau
293:Reichenberg
109: /
1822:Categories
1769:References
1525:von Zieten
940:Saint Cast
804:Fehrbellin
634:Kunersdorf
440:1st Cassel
385:Lutterberg
360:Hastenbeck
67:6 May 1757
1566:Footnotes
1544:Aftermath
1392:Austrians
1388:Prussians
955:Belle Île
935:Cherbourg
920:Cartagena
915:Rochefort
839:Neuensund
794:Stralsund
777:Pomerania
738:Adelsbach
708:Landeshut
597:Erbisdorf
507:Hochkirch
475:Amöneburg
365:Rheinberg
328:Domstadtl
1453:Schwerin
1075:125miles
864:Neukalen
829:Pasewalk
723:Liegnitz
703:Neustadt
683:Liegnitz
624:Zorndorf
602:Freiberg
547:Sackwitz
497:Rossbach
445:Grünberg
288:Lobositz
209:Strength
72:Location
1627:p. 240.
1437:Bohemia
1433:Silesia
1429:columns
1412:Prelude
1386:64,000
1366:In the
1128:Dresden
945:Britain
930:St Malo
910:Minorca
878:Almeida
854:Gollnow
673:Leuthen
668:Breslau
651:Silesia
619:Küstrin
567:Strehla
562:Dresden
557:Meissen
537:Korbitz
470:Nauheim
425:Warburg
420:Emsdorf
415:Corbach
370:Krefeld
355:Geldern
343:Teplitz
333:Olomouc
198: (
185:†
159:Austria
147:Prussia
97:14°33′E
94:50°05′N
81:Bohemia
1807:
1791:
1745:
1720:
1695:
1670:
1645:
1619:
1489:Battle
1449:Bevern
1445:Moritz
1441:Prague
1418:Saxony
1401:Lenore
1396:Prague
1357:
1355:
1348:
1346:
1339:
1337:
1331:
1241:Prague
1025:Second
893:Marvão
849:Gülzow
814:Güstow
799:Tornow
789:Anklam
784:Demmin
698:Neisse
644:Gostyn
614:Berlin
587:Döbeln
582:Torgau
400:Minden
390:Bergen
323:Holitz
303:Prague
230:13,275
214:64,000
181:
122:Result
77:Prague
1483:Keith
1435:from
1073:200km
1030:Third
1020:First
960:Cádiz
765:Memel
713:Glatz
552:Maxen
492:Pirna
455:Ölper
405:Fulda
318:Gabel
313:Kolín
1805:ISBN
1789:ISBN
1743:ISBN
1718:ISBN
1693:ISBN
1668:ISBN
1643:ISBN
1617:ISBN
1476:Daun
859:Spie
658:Moys
380:Meer
64:Date
1382:),
1370:or
629:Kay
201:DOW
1824::
1589:^
1574:^
1478:.
1408:.
1205:10
1193:11
1181:12
1169:13
1157:14
1145:15
1133:16
1116:17
1104:18
1092:19
1080:20
79:,
1813:.
1795:.
1779:.
1751:.
1726:.
1701:.
1676:.
1651:.
1625:.
1378:(
1311:1
1299:2
1287:3
1275:4
1263:5
1251:6
1246:7
1229:8
1217:9
999:e
992:t
985:v
272::
259:e
252:t
245:v
204:)
46:)
42:(
23:.
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