280:
233:
222:
153:
1091:
259:
183:
130:
268:
696:
212:
201:
141:
720:
631:
602:
672:
754:
831:
660:
742:
790:
684:
614:
807:
648:
164:
778:
708:
585:
843:
819:
766:
1165:
O'Donnell called out the local miquelets to harass his garrison. Schwarz, two colonels, 56 officers, 1,183 men, and 17 guns were captured for a total of 1,242 prisoners. The
Germans also lost approximately 400 killed and wounded. Spanish losses were not reported but were probably light. However, they included O'Donnell who was badly wounded in the foot at La Bisbal. The Spanish general and the German prisoners were taken aboard Fane's squadron before it sailed back to Tarragona.
39:
552:
559:
566:
1161:
was dominated by a nearby hill and a church tower from which snipers picked off a few
Germans during the day. Schwarz held out until evening; he surrendered after the Spanish began massing for an assault. The French commander did not put up much of a battle, losing only one officer and four men killed, and three officers and 16 rank and file wounded.
1022:
commanded the
Spanish Army of Catalonia. Seeing that MacDonald was too strong to directly confront, O'Donnell resolved to operate against the unsuspecting Imperial forces in the north. By doing so, he hoped to draw MacDonald away from Tarragona and Tortosa. O'Donnell decided to leave the divisions of
1235:
When
Campoverde moved south to Cardona, the marshal took two French and two Italian brigades to attack him. An Italian brigade attacked at once on 18 October and took a beating. MacDonald declined to press his enemies further because provisions in Barcelona were getting low. Instead he lumbered off
1160:
On the morning of the 14th, O'Donnell attacked La Bisbal in overwhelming force. As his pickets were driven in, Schwarz sent a courier with orders to his detachments to concentrate. Shortly afterward, La Bisbal was surrounded and its defenders fell back to an old castle. Unfortunately, the structure
1231:
Because he was so isolated from northern
Catalonia by the guerillas, MacDonald did not hear of the La Bisbal disaster until three weeks later. Nevertheless, he initially maintained his position in support of Suchet. By holding his ground MacDonald nullified O'Donnell's strategy. Other events would
927:
was ordered to support him. The marshal cooperated by advancing into southern
Catalonia with a large force. To distract MacDonald from his mission, O'Donnell determined to raid northern Catalonia. The raid was a brilliant tactical success but it failed to deter the marshal from assisting Suchet.
1164:
While the action in La Bisbal was going on, Schwarz's other outposts were being snapped up. Fane and Doyle landed their troops at PalamĂłs and captured it. Colonel Aldea's column overran
Calonge while Colonel Fleires's column seized Sant Feliu. Rouyer at Girona was unable to intervene because
901:, Schwarz's brigade was almost completely wiped out, most of its soldiers being taken prisoner along with its commander. One of the few Allied casualties was the capable O'Donnell, wounded in the foot. The battle occurred during the
997:
to suppress the guerillas. MacDonald also had difficulties. He first needed to restock his empty depots with supplies from France. It was August before either commander was ready to carry out their emperor's strategy.
369:
519:
849:
484:
384:
345:
379:
494:
1032:
1036:
439:
524:
409:
338:
993:. By seizing the city, Napoleon hoped to sever the link between the two areas. Before Suchet could implement the plan, he was compelled to return to
331:
1145:
with 6,000 foot soldiers and 400 cavalrymen on 13 September 1810. Another authority counted 6,600 men in the
Spanish force, including the
267:
211:
200:
145:
140:
1564:
1019:
874:
187:
1109:
ordered his coastal units to beef up their defenses. His brigade comprised two battalions each of the 5th
Confederation of the Rhine (
1200:
Campoverde took command of the land force and headed north past Girona before Rouyer or
Baraguey d'Hilliers could react. He captured
1691:
1686:
1438:
1421:
78:
1701:
1667:
1612:
1586:
1129:) Regiments. The brigade numbered 1,700 men with 18 artillery pieces. Schwarz posted 800 men and his headquarters at
1696:
449:
134:
1168:
Schwarz was held in captivity until the end of the war in 1814. A number of German prisoners were transported to
1013:. In addition, there were 18,000 troops manning the defenses of other cities and holding open the road to France.
1078:
commanded the Allied naval squadron. In early September, O'Donnell managed to elude the garrisons of Barcelona,
1711:
719:
1106:
886:
237:
1006:
1558:
1188:
to recover. Until his injury healed, the high command in Catalonia passed into the less capable hands of
1192:
Miguel Iranzo. O'Donnell later received the title 1st Count of la Bisbal in recognition of his victory.
1098:
Fane's Anglo-Spanish naval expedition struck first on 10 September. An amphibious force rowed ashore at
963:
944:
558:
284:
1706:
890:
551:
1649:
Dictionnaire biographique des généraux et amiraux français de la Révolution et de l'Empire: 1792–1814
1216:
and extorted funds from French villages. Recrossing the border, Campoverde's division moved down the
1024:
789:
695:
601:
514:
504:
459:
404:
323:
1130:
64:
1056:
671:
659:
630:
489:
474:
469:
424:
1138:
1040:
898:
226:
1237:
913:
1001:
MacDonald marched his field army of 16,000 troops south to support Suchet's operations against
971:
877:(also known as Enrique José O'Donnell) and supported by an Anglo-Spanish naval squadron led by
1644:
1114:
830:
389:
1118:
1071:
959:
917:
878:
683:
464:
205:
818:
394:
8:
1060:
990:
975:
956:
882:
741:
613:
499:
434:
279:
232:
221:
157:
152:
1189:
1103:
1039:
north. He planned to avoid the large Barcelona garrison and attack General of Division
647:
509:
479:
68:
806:
753:
429:
399:
1663:
1624:
1608:
1582:
1575:
1059:
Charles William Doyle sailed north with 500 foot soldiers aboard the British frigate
948:
937:
924:
921:
191:
1236:
to Girona so he could protect his supply convoys. Suchet was not able to begin the
1173:
870:
777:
707:
454:
414:
1557:
1535:
1122:
1028:
1016:
940:
928:
Finally, a logistical crisis forced MacDonald to withdraw to northern Catalonia.
906:
842:
584:
529:
374:
241:
168:
1651:(in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Librairie Historique et Nobilaire. p. 440.
1225:
1102:
and captured 50 men and a coastal artillery emplacement. Alerted by this raid,
902:
543:
355:
30:
1680:
1553:
1177:
1126:
1052:
765:
419:
93:
80:
1184:. O'Donnell's wound became infected and he nearly died before being sent to
1099:
1201:
1568:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 8–9.
1217:
38:
951:. Orders soon came from Paris. MacDonald was instructed to drive toward
1442:
1425:
1213:
272:
1048:
353:
1169:
1154:
1090:
1079:
1010:
986:
952:
72:
1209:
1205:
1142:
1133:
while the remainder of the brigade was spread out to defend Begur,
894:
1185:
1134:
1002:
967:
985:
River, Tortosa lay on the main highway between the provinces of
1181:
1110:
1044:
994:
163:
1420:'Register of French POWs, Edinburgh and Greenock, 1811-1812',
1232:
finally distract the marshal from his position in the south.
1221:
258:
182:
129:
1501:
1499:
982:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1172:, with the officers being paroled to various towns in the
893:, a collection of small German states that were allied to
1496:
1141:. Still undetected, O'Donnell arrived at the village of
1484:
1341:
1329:
1317:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1037:
Luis González Torres de Navarra, Marquess of Campoverde
1392:
1390:
1388:
1375:
1373:
1307:
1305:
1043:'s German division which was holding the area between
912:
The action occurred amid the events leading up to the
1469:
Archives of Lodge St John, No. 111, Hawick, Scotland.
1278:
1212:
into France. His troops clashed with the garrison of
1511:
1472:
1249:
1385:
1370:
1302:
1290:
1035:to hold Tarragona and take the division of General
1033:
JoaquĂn Ibáñez Cuevas y de Valonga, Baron de Eroles
1623:
1605:The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War
1574:
1534:
1402:
1678:
970:. Suchet's corps had successfully concluded the
1537:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618-1905)
339:
1622:Oman, Sir Charles William Chadwick (1902c).
1437:'French POWs Released on Parole 1800-1815',
359:Aragon and northeast Spain 1809–1814
346:
332:
37:
192:
1630:. Vol. III. Oxford: Clarendon Press
1552:
1490:
1089:
1009:with almost 10,000 soldiers to garrison
1572:
1284:
1094:6th Confederation of the Rhine Regiment
881:and Charles William Doyle surprised an
242:
1679:
1532:
1272:
1117:) and 6th Confederation of the Rhine (
916:in December 1810 and January 1811. As
1657:
1621:
1602:
1517:
1505:
1478:
1439:The National Archives of the UK (TNA)
1422:The National Archives of the UK (TNA)
1396:
1379:
1364:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1296:
1005:. MacDonald left General of Division
327:
1082:, and Girona without being noticed.
889:. The Imperial troops were from the
1642:
1408:
13:
14:
1723:
1457:Hawick News and Border Chronicle
1176:, including some who joined the
841:
829:
817:
805:
788:
776:
764:
752:
740:
718:
706:
694:
682:
670:
658:
646:
629:
612:
600:
583:
564:
557:
550:
278:
266:
257:
231:
220:
210:
199:
181:
162:
151:
139:
128:
1626:A History of the Peninsular War
1559:"O'Donnell, Henry Joseph"
1463:
1448:
1431:
1414:
1645:"Schwarz (François-Xavier de)"
1:
1692:Military history of Catalonia
1687:Battles of the Peninsular War
1660:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1526:
1070:, and other vessels. Captain
931:
1573:Esdaile, Charles J. (2003).
1441:, ADM 103/611, accessed via
1424:, ADM 103/112, accessed via
1220:valley and took position at
1195:
920:prepared to attack Tortosa,
897:. Part of a division led by
16:Battle of the Peninsular War
7:
1459:. 22 March 1918. p. 3.
943:was replaced in command of
10:
1728:
1455:"Lodge St John, No. 111".
1107:François Xavier de Schwarz
891:Confederation of the Rhine
887:François Xavier de Schwarz
238:François Xavier de Schwarz
1085:
1007:Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers
365:
305:
290:
250:
174:
121:
47:
36:
28:
23:
1702:Battles involving France
1243:
1240:until 16 December 1810.
1697:Battles involving Spain
1565:Encyclopædia Britannica
1533:Bodart, Gaston (1908).
869:on 14 September 1810 a
1581:. Palgrave MacMillan.
1095:
1066:, the Spanish frigate
175:Commanders and leaders
43:Bisbal Emporda castell
1712:September 1810 events
1662:. London: Greenhill.
1658:Smith, Digby (1998).
1643:Six, Georges (1934).
1603:Gates, David (2002).
1139:Sant Feliu de GuĂxols
1093:
1041:Marie François Rouyer
899:Marie François Rouyer
885:brigade commanded by
306:Casualties and losses
227:Marie François Rouyer
216:Charles William Doyle
113:Anglo-Spanish victory
1072:Francis William Fane
960:Louis Gabriel Suchet
955:while his colleague
918:Louis Gabriel Suchet
879:Francis William Fane
859: current battle
485:Massanet de Cabrenys
314:400 dead and wounded
206:Francis William Fane
94:41.96000°N 3.04056°E
1607:. London: Pimlico.
1508:, pp. 499–501.
1367:, pp. 497–499.
1338:, pp. 495–496.
1326:, pp. 342–343.
1131:La Bisbal d'EmpordĂ
976:Siege of Mequinenza
957:General of Division
867:Battle of La Bisbal
370:CastellĂł d'EmpĂşries
90: /
65:La Bisbal d'EmpordĂ
24:Battle of La Bisbal
1577:The Peninsular War
1190:Lieutenant General
1104:General of Brigade
1096:
1055:coast. Meanwhile,
974:on 13 May and the
546:: AragĂłn Catalonia
298:2 British frigates
1707:Conflicts in 1810
949:Jacques MacDonald
925:Jacques MacDonald
538:
537:
385:2nd Molins de Rei
322:
321:
263:Army of Catalonia
117:
116:
99:41.96000; 3.04056
55:14 September 1810
1719:
1673:
1652:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1618:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1580:
1569:
1561:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1452:
1446:
1435:
1429:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1383:
1377:
1368:
1362:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1238:Siege of Tortosa
1208:and crossed the
1174:Scottish Borders
1149:Swiss Regiment,
962:was to lead the
914:Siege of Tortosa
873:division led by
858:
851:
845:
838:
833:
826:
821:
814:
809:
802:
797:
792:
785:
780:
773:
768:
761:
756:
749:
744:
737:
732:
727:
722:
715:
710:
703:
698:
691:
686:
679:
674:
667:
662:
655:
650:
643:
638:
633:
626:
621:
616:
609:
604:
597:
592:
587:
580:
575:
568:
567:
561:
554:
360:
348:
341:
334:
325:
324:
283:
282:
271:
270:
262:
261:
244:
236:
235:
225:
224:
215:
214:
204:
203:
194:
186:
185:
167:
166:
156:
155:
144:
143:
135:Kingdom of Spain
133:
132:
105:
104:
102:
101:
100:
95:
91:
88:
87:
86:
83:
49:
48:
41:
21:
20:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1633:
1631:
1615:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1543:
1541:
1529:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1497:
1493:, pp. 8–9.
1489:
1485:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1436:
1432:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1386:
1378:
1371:
1363:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1250:
1246:
1198:
1137:, PalamĂłs, and
1088:
1029:Pedro Sarsfield
1025:Juan de Courten
1020:Henry O'Donnell
1017:Captain General
981:Located on the
972:Siege of Lerida
941:Pierre Augereau
934:
907:Napoleonic Wars
883:Imperial French
875:Henry O'Donnell
863:
862:
861:
860:
856:
853:
852:
848:
846:
839:
836:
834:
827:
824:
822:
815:
812:
810:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
786:
783:
781:
774:
771:
769:
762:
759:
757:
750:
747:
745:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
716:
713:
711:
704:
701:
699:
692:
689:
687:
680:
677:
675:
668:
665:
663:
656:
653:
651:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
610:
607:
605:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
569:
565:
562:
555:
547:
539:
534:
361:
358:
354:
352:
317:
315:
297:
277:
265:
264:
256:
230:
229:
219:
209:
208:
198:
197:
188:Henry O'Donnell
180:
169:Duchy of Anhalt
161:
160:
150:
138:
137:
127:
98:
96:
92:
89:
84:
81:
79:
77:
76:
75:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1725:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1675:
1674:
1668:
1654:
1653:
1640:
1619:
1613:
1600:
1587:
1570:
1556:, ed. (1911).
1554:Chisholm, Hugh
1550:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1520:, p. 353.
1510:
1495:
1483:
1481:, p. 501.
1471:
1462:
1447:
1430:
1413:
1411:, p. 440.
1401:
1399:, p. 345.
1384:
1382:, p. 293.
1369:
1340:
1328:
1316:
1314:, p. 292.
1301:
1299:, p. 289.
1289:
1287:, p. 334.
1277:
1275:, p. 420.
1247:
1245:
1242:
1197:
1194:
1153:Dragoons, and
1087:
1084:
936:In June 1810,
933:
930:
905:, part of the
903:Peninsular War
855:
854:
847:
840:
835:
828:
823:
816:
811:
804:
799:
794:
787:
782:
775:
770:
763:
758:
751:
746:
739:
734:
729:
724:
717:
712:
705:
700:
693:
688:
681:
676:
669:
664:
657:
652:
645:
640:
635:
628:
623:
618:
611:
606:
599:
594:
589:
582:
577:
570:
563:
556:
549:
548:
544:Peninsular war
542:
541:
540:
536:
535:
533:
532:
527:
522:
520:Santa Engracia
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
366:
363:
362:
356:Peninsular War
351:
350:
343:
336:
328:
320:
319:
316:1,600 captured
312:
308:
307:
303:
302:
299:
293:
292:
288:
287:
275:
253:
252:
251:Units involved
248:
247:
217:
177:
176:
172:
171:
148:
146:United Kingdom
124:
123:
119:
118:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
34:
33:
31:Peninsular War
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1724:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1671:
1669:1-85367-276-9
1665:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1616:
1614:0-7126-9730-6
1610:
1606:
1601:
1590:
1588:9781403962317
1584:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1514:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1492:
1491:Chisholm 1911
1487:
1480:
1475:
1466:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1410:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1337:
1332:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1298:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:Masonic lodge
1175:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1053:Mediterranean
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
996:
992:
988:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
939:
929:
926:
923:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
850:
844:
832:
820:
808:
791:
779:
767:
755:
743:
721:
709:
697:
685:
673:
661:
649:
632:
615:
603:
586:
560:
553:
545:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
515:2nd Tarragona
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
460:1st Tarragona
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
364:
357:
349:
344:
342:
337:
335:
330:
329:
326:
313:
311:not mentioned
310:
309:
304:
300:
295:
294:
289:
286:
281:
276:
274:
269:
260:
255:
254:
249:
245:
239:
234:
228:
223:
218:
213:
207:
202:
195:
189:
184:
179:
178:
173:
170:
165:
159:
158:French Empire
154:
149:
147:
142:
136:
131:
126:
125:
120:
112:
109:
108:
103:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
51:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1659:
1648:
1632:. Retrieved
1625:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1576:
1563:
1542:. Retrieved
1536:
1513:
1486:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1450:
1433:
1416:
1404:
1331:
1319:
1292:
1285:Esdaile 2003
1280:
1234:
1230:
1199:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1146:
1097:
1075:
1067:
1062:
1015:
1000:
980:
935:
911:
866:
864:
525:3rd Zaragoza
510:2nd Castalla
505:1st Castalla
444:
122:Belligerents
18:
1273:Bodart 1908
1218:Segre River
1119:Schwarzburg
978:on 5 June.
966:to capture
947:by Marshal
440:San QuintĂn
97: /
1681:Categories
1527:References
1518:Smith 1998
1506:Oman 1902c
1479:Oman 1902c
1443:Findmypast
1426:Findmypast
1397:Smith 1998
1380:Gates 2002
1365:Oman 1902c
1336:Oman 1902c
1324:Smith 1998
1312:Gates 2002
1297:Gates 2002
1214:Mont-Louis
932:Background
465:Montserrat
435:Mequinenza
410:Hostalrich
390:3rd Gerona
273:Royal Navy
82:41°57′36″N
1202:PuigcerdĂ
1196:Aftermath
1170:Edinburgh
1155:miquelets
1080:Hostalric
1061:HMS
1023:Generals
1011:Barcelona
987:Catalonia
964:III Corps
953:Tarragona
945:VII Corps
500:Altafulla
445:La Bisbal
285:VII Corps
85:3°02′26″E
73:Catalonia
1409:Six 1934
1210:Pyrenees
1206:Cerdanya
1151:Numancia
1143:Vidreres
1076:Cambrian
1063:Cambrian
991:Valencia
895:Napoleon
637:Saguntum
620:Valencia
591:Castalla
574:125miles
495:Alicante
490:Valencia
480:Saguntum
470:Figueras
405:Belchite
291:Strength
60:Location
29:Part of
1226:Cardona
1204:in the
1186:Majorca
1135:Calonge
1123:Waldeck
1074:of the
1057:Colonel
1051:on the
1049:PalamĂłs
1003:Tortosa
968:Tortosa
938:Marshal
922:Marshal
871:Spanish
865:In the
475:Cervera
450:Tortosa
425:Manresa
395:Alcañiz
318:17 guns
240: (
190: (
1666:
1634:24 May
1611:
1594:24 May
1585:
1544:24 May
1182:Hawick
1147:Kayser
1111:Anhalt
1086:Battle
1045:Girona
1031:, and
995:Aragon
857:
726:Bisbal
455:El Pla
430:LĂ©rida
415:Mollet
380:MonzĂłn
110:Result
69:Girona
1244:Notes
1222:Calaf
1127:Reuss
1115:Lippe
1100:Begur
1068:Diana
796:MarĂa
572:200km
530:Ordal
400:MarĂa
375:Valls
301:2,400
296:6,600
1664:ISBN
1636:2021
1609:ISBN
1596:2021
1583:ISBN
1546:2021
1224:and
1047:and
989:and
983:Ebro
52:Date
1180:in
420:Vic
243:POW
193:WIA
1683::
1647:.
1562:.
1498:^
1387:^
1372:^
1343:^
1304:^
1251:^
1228:.
1157:.
1027:,
909:.
731:10
714:11
702:12
690:13
678:14
666:15
654:16
642:17
625:18
608:19
596:20
579:21
71:,
67:,
1672:.
1638:.
1617:.
1598:.
1548:.
1445:.
1428:.
1125:-
1121:-
1113:-
837:1
825:2
813:3
801:4
784:5
772:6
760:7
748:8
736:9
347:e
340:t
333:v
246:)
196:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
