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and certain victory, ordered his much heavier cataphracts to give chase. After a while the lengthy chase and hot sun started to wear more on the heavily armored
Palmyrene horses and men but their seemingly unshakable confidence in the superiority of their cavalry spurred them to ride on. At a predetermined point the Romans wheeled around and suddenly attacked the exhausted and surprised cavalry. The trap was devastating, and very few of the Palmyrene cavalry made it back alive.
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found they had been abandoned and
Aurelian's reputation for savage retribution began to fill them with paralysing fear. Having no choice they opened their gates to Aurelian and prepared for the worst. In a surprise move Aurelian did not kill the senior leadership or even allow his troops to sack the
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After some skirmishes Zabdas wanted to seize the initiative and called for a cavalry charge which forced
Aurelian to counter with his own cavalry charge. When the two forces were close to engaging the Roman light cavalry suddenly broke ranks, routed, and left the battlefield. Zabdas, smelling blood
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In
Aurelian's eyes her entrance into Egypt, still considered a strictly personal province of the Emperor, was nothing short of a declaration of war. Despite this Aurelian had been unable to challenge her actions directly due to the constant invasion by Germanic tribes. Finally after devastating
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assumed direct control (through her son) of the eastern Roman Empire provinces that were under
Palmyrian protection. Through shrewd diplomacy she managed to expand her holdings into Egypt and convinced much of Asia Minor to call Palmyra its capital, effectively carving out a Palmyrene Empire.
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effectively, Aurelian sent one of his generals with a fleet to attempt to drive out the
Palmyrene garrison stationed there. Meanwhile, once Emperor Aurelian restored his army to its full strength he began to march towards the city of
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city but instead granted a general amnesty. This show of mercy had a rippling effect throughout the east as city after city, no longer fearing retribution, accepted their peaceful reincorporation into the fold of the Roman Empire.
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and immediately ordered a full retreat to
Antioch. Understanding the inevitability of Antioch's fall, Empress Zenobia and Zabdas resupplied their forces and moved them under the cover of darkness out of Antioch to
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After hearing of the destruction of his cavalry Zabdas realized the day was lost. His infantry was no match for the battle-hardened
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Publicly she maintained the facade of a partnership with Rome by at all times placing her son in the subordinate position to
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in all official documents, letterhead, and coins that were minted.
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Both armies took the field "near" Antioch at Immae (close by
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Realising his army was far too cumbersome to invade
1701:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Invasion of the
Alemanni (258–260 approx)
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1814:
1628:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
1894:dropped all pretenses and had her son declared
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16:Battle between Palmyrene and Roman forces (272)
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1594:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1064:Usurpation of Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi
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1779:Learn how and when to remove this message
1761:Learn how and when to remove this message
1659:Learn how and when to remove this message
1950:In the morning the senior officials of
1106:Postumus' Campaign against the Alamanni
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215:
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2004:Battles involving the Palmyrene Empire
1986:
1890:Realising that the charade was over,
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1099:Postumus' Campaign against the Franks
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1699:adding citations to reliable sources
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1600:
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1994:Battles involving the Roman Empire
1055:Usurpation of Valens Thessalonicus
14:
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1575:This article has multiple issues.
1675:
1605:
1564:
1536:Usurpation of Julian of Pannonia
1091:Usurpation of Mussius Aemilianus
934:Scythian invasion (259–260)
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1686:needs additional citations for
1583:or discuss these issues on the
1489:Usurpation of Julius Saturninus
1294:Usurpation of Victorinus Junior
1205:Reign of Marcus Aurelius Marius
223:Battle of Immae (Mediterranean)
1795:was fought in 272 between the
1173:Usurpation of Acilius Aureolus
916:Gothic invasion (256–257)
1:
1958:
1815:Background and prelude to war
1073:Usurpation of Macrianus Minor
1019:Roxolani Invasion of Pannonia
988:Usurpation of Macrianus Major
919:Invasion of Shapur (258)
1945:
760:Usurpation of Julius Priscus
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1821:Crisis of the Third Century
1264:Palmyrene invasion of Egypt
1130:Assassination of Odaenathus
399:Crisis of the Third Century
90:36.23786806°N 36.56947111°E
29:Crisis of the Third Century
10:
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672:and death of Philip &
422:Death of Alexander Severus
2024:History of Hatay Province
1973:De Imperatoribus Romanis
1971:"Vaballathus and Zenobia"
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1332:Rebellion of Felicissimus
643:Usurpation of Silbannacus
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226:Show map of Mediterranean
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2014:270s in the Roman Empire
1807:, whose leader, Empress
1803:, and the armies of the
1614:This article includes a
979:Usurpation of Regalianus
715:Gothic invasion of Cniva
634:Usurpation of Jotapianus
625:Usurpation of Pacatianus
616:Usurpation of Sponsianus
468:Year of the Six Emperors
164:Only cavalry was engaged
95:36.23786806; 36.56947111
1977:5 November 2015 at the
1643:more precise citations.
1511:Carus' invasion of the
1404:Usurpation of Faustinus
1196:Usurpation of Laelianus
1028:Campaigns of Odaenathus
724:Carpi invasion of Dacia
457:Usurpation of Quartinus
1886:Palmyrene preparations
1214:Augustodunum Haeduorum
1139:Usurpation of Maeonius
970:Usurpation of Ingenuus
135:Commanders and leaders
1831:, a chieftain out of
1046:Usurpation of Balista
1037:Usurpation of Quietus
598:Invasion of the Carpi
525:Invasion of the Carpi
195:Location within Syria
1829:Septimius Odaenathus
1695:improve this article
607:Secular Games of 248
444:Usurpation of Magnus
192:class=notpageimage|
1852:victories over the
1082:Pannonian Rebellion
733:Nicopolis ad Istrum
86: /
1869:Roman preparations
1616:list of references
1467:Sarmatian Invasion
1302:Junthungi Invasion
1010:Death of Saloninus
800:Death of Hostilian
789:Trebonianus Gallus
706:Decian persecution
493:Battle of Carthage
1920:Claudius Gothicus
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1395:Razing of Palmyra
1237:Capture of Athens
1185:Claudius Gothicus
1147:Scythian Invasion
1122:Scythian Invasion
697:Plague of Cyprian
660:Decius' Rebellion
548:Sabinianus Revolt
502:Siege of Aquileia
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1967:, 1.50.2
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1854:Alamanni
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1825:Sassanid
1801:Aurelian
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777:Etruscus
516:Balbinus
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431:Harzhorn
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156:Strength
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