247:. The pipes that transport the water often leak 20-25% to the subsurface which can actually increase baseflow. Agriculture can lower baseflow if water diverted from stream for irrigation, or can raise baseflow if water is used from a different watershed. Pastures can increase compaction and reduce organic matter with reduces infiltration and baseflow.
176:
or massive bedrock with minor fracturing and doesn't store water. Losing reaches is when the water flow decreases as it travels downstream and is fracturing deeper than surface water or in karst geology because limestone and dolomite high storage. Gaining reaches is when flow increases as it travels
200:
Methods for summarizing baseflow from an existing streamflow record include event based low flow statistics, flow duration curve, metrics that explain proportioning of baseflow to total flow, and the baseflow recession curve which can be used on ungauged streams based on empirical relationship
156:
features. Infiltration to recharge subsurface storage increases baseflow. Evapotranspiration reduces baseflow because trees absorb water from the ground. In the fall baseflow can increase before it starts to rain because the trees drop their leaves and stop drinking as much water.
197:. Solutes that originate in distinct areas of the watershed can be used to source baseflow-geochemical signatures. Tracers may be inserted into different parts of the watershed to identify flow paths and transit times.
208:
and the baseflow recession curve, can be useful in describing the mixing of waters (such as from precipitation and groundwater) and the level of groundwater contribution to streamflow in catchments.
235:
has high infiltration and recharge because of tree roots. Removal of forest cover can cause a short-term increase in mean flow and baseflow because there is less interception and
177:
downstream. Gaining reaches are common in humid mountainous regions where the water table is above the surface water and the water flows from high head to low head following
629:"Estimation of baseflow residence times in watersheds from the runoff hydrograph recession: method and application in the Neversink watershed, Catskill Mountains, New York"
239:. Urbanization includes a re-organization of surface and subsurface pathways so that water is flushed through catchments because of reduced hydraulic resistance,
755:
144:
Baseflow depletion curve is the declining of baseflow/groundwater and soil reserves. The volume and rate of water moving as baseflow can be affected by
243:, channels and impervious surfaces which decreases infiltration. In urban areas water is often imported from outside the watershed from deep wells and
628:
287:
694:
Price, Katie (2011). "Effects of watershed topography, soils, land use, and climate on baseflow hydrology in humid regions: A review".
748:
986:
172:
Good baseflow is connected to surface water that is located in permeable, soluble, or highly fractured bedrock. Bad baseflow is in
1354:
568:
Posavec, Kristijan; Bacani, Andrea; Nakic, Zoran (2006-05-26). "A Visual Basic
Spreadsheet Macro for Recession Curve Analysis".
324:
520:"Examining geological controls on baseflow index (BFI) using regression analysis: An illustration from the Thames Basin, UK"
741:
98:
for example. During the recession limb which in
California is from May to October, there is increasingly less stream area,
385:
349:
519:
1980:
54:
that is sustained between precipitation events, fed to streams by delayed pathways. It should not be confused with
1511:
216:
1975:
409:
Glynn, Pierre D.; Plummer, L. Niel (2005-03-01). "Geochemistry and the understanding of ground-water systems".
1536:
1677:
1627:
1521:
205:
1955:
667:
293:
1181:
1965:
1917:
1800:
1950:
1667:
1632:
1474:
1960:
1652:
1417:
256:
1902:
1760:
1311:
1196:
1740:
1587:
1549:
998:
937:
266:
1970:
1692:
1516:
1276:
1133:
1083:
877:
703:
643:
577:
534:
469:
418:
99:
67:
8:
1866:
1861:
1662:
1506:
1128:
981:
902:
809:
707:
647:
581:
538:
473:
422:
2006:
2001:
1892:
1805:
1770:
1622:
1138:
1043:
947:
839:
772:
719:
659:
609:
485:
442:
236:
103:
1612:
378:
California rivers and streams : the conflict between fluvial process and land use
1871:
1710:
1702:
1642:
1602:
1491:
1306:
1068:
1058:
844:
601:
593:
589:
550:
489:
446:
434:
391:
381:
355:
345:
344:. Montgomery, David R. New York, NY: University of Vermont University of Washington.
320:
663:
613:
1785:
1687:
1592:
1341:
1191:
1186:
1163:
1103:
932:
804:
723:
711:
651:
585:
542:
477:
460:
O'Keeffe, Jay (2009). "Sustaining river ecosystems: balancing use and protection".
426:
55:
546:
189:
Methods for identifying baseflow sources and residence/transit time include using
1790:
1750:
1745:
1349:
1236:
1231:
1015:
952:
922:
887:
882:
849:
814:
785:
1851:
1735:
1715:
1597:
1582:
1469:
1454:
1449:
1409:
1389:
1301:
1143:
1123:
1088:
1020:
1005:
912:
834:
794:
240:
178:
158:
75:
733:
430:
1995:
1932:
1927:
1912:
1897:
1846:
1841:
1607:
1572:
1526:
1486:
1481:
1241:
1113:
1073:
819:
799:
715:
597:
554:
481:
438:
359:
153:
141:
129:
118:
395:
1922:
1672:
1657:
1647:
1496:
1427:
1296:
1261:
1176:
1118:
993:
892:
854:
829:
605:
232:
224:
1831:
1755:
1459:
1422:
1369:
1093:
1078:
1053:
927:
228:
194:
162:
137:
133:
1937:
1617:
1501:
1441:
1399:
1271:
1108:
976:
917:
907:
824:
261:
149:
83:
51:
82:. Different ecological processes will occur at different parts of the
1907:
1856:
1826:
1795:
1725:
1637:
1394:
1281:
1266:
1206:
1153:
1148:
1048:
971:
961:
859:
655:
244:
145:
71:
1544:
1221:
1063:
1030:
220:
79:
1887:
1836:
1364:
1359:
1321:
1226:
1098:
1035:
190:
173:
166:
115:
91:
201:
between watershed characteristics and baseflow at gauged sites.
102:
species are more adept at surviving in low flow conditions than
1682:
1554:
1379:
1374:
1326:
1316:
1286:
1211:
966:
897:
869:
768:
502:
122:
95:
87:
86:. During the baseflow ascending limb, there is frequently more
1780:
1765:
1720:
1464:
1437:
1384:
1251:
1246:
1216:
1201:
1010:
780:
764:
518:
Bloomfield, J.P.; Allen, D.J.; Griffiths, K.J. (2009-06-30).
1810:
1775:
1331:
1291:
1256:
125:
1730:
1171:
152:, and other fractured conditions in the soil and shallow
517:
503:
Stedinger, JR; Vogel, RM; Foufoula-Georgiou, E (1993).
462:
Progress in
Physical Geography: Earth and Environment
285:
567:
375:
1993:
94:available for water-dependent species, spawning
763:
58:. Fair weather flow is also called base flow.
749:
459:
408:
380:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
204:Certain parameters of baseflow, such as the
314:
66:Baseflow is important for sustaining human
756:
742:
161:can decrease the baseflow by lowering the
211:
16:Stream flow between precipitation events
1355:International scale of river difficulty
339:
317:Environmental Hydrology, Second Edition
1994:
626:
289:Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology
737:
693:
689:
687:
315:Ward, Andy; Trimble, Stanley (2003).
371:
369:
13:
684:
14:
2018:
366:
590:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00226.x
1512:Flooded grasslands and savannas
620:
340:Bierman, Paul R. (2013-12-27).
696:Progress in Physical Geography
561:
511:
496:
453:
402:
333:
308:
286:Kendall and McDonnell (1998).
279:
184:
74:. This is especially true for
1:
547:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.025
342:Key concepts in geomorphology
272:
61:
1678:Universal Soil Loss Equation
1628:Hydrological transport model
1522:Storm Water Management Model
627:Vitvar; et al. (2002).
219:effects to baseflow include
7:
250:
10:
2023:
1182:Antecedent drainage stream
376:Mount, Jeffrey F. (1995).
292:. Elsevier. Archived from
109:
28:groundwater recession flow
1946:
1918:River valley civilization
1880:
1819:
1801:Riparian-zone restoration
1701:
1563:
1535:
1436:
1408:
1340:
1162:
1029:
946:
868:
779:
431:10.1007/s10040-004-0429-y
114:Baseflow is derived from
1981:Countries without rivers
1956:Rivers by discharge rate
1668:Runoff model (reservoir)
1633:Infiltration (hydrology)
716:10.1177/0309133311402714
576:(5): 060526082055001––.
482:10.1177/0309133309342645
50:) is the portion of the
1653:River Continuum Concept
1418:Agricultural wastewater
257:Baseflow residence time
1976:River name etymologies
1903:Hydraulic civilization
1761:Floodplain restoration
1537:Point source pollution
1312:Sedimentary structures
1588:Discharge (hydrology)
1550:Industrial wastewater
1031:Sedimentary processes
505:Handbook of Hydrology
267:Time of concentration
212:Anthropogenic effects
68:centers of population
1693:Volumetric flow rate
1277:Riffle-pool sequence
527:Journal of Hydrology
411:Hydrogeology Journal
140:and then flows to a
78:that do not rely on
1867:Whitewater kayaking
1862:Whitewater canoeing
1663:Runoff curve number
1507:Flood pulse concept
708:2011PrPG...35..465P
648:2002HyPr...16.1871V
582:2006GrWat..44..764P
539:2009JHyd..373..164B
474:2009PrPG...33..339O
423:2005HydJ...13..263G
206:mean residence time
48:fair-weather runoff
40:low-water discharge
1893:Aquatic toxicology
1806:Stream restoration
1771:Infiltration basin
1623:Hydrological model
1139:Sediment transport
962:Estavelle/Inversac
840:Subterranean river
237:evapotranspiration
104:introduced species
1989:
1988:
1966:Whitewater rivers
1872:Whitewater slalom
1703:River engineering
1603:Groundwater model
1564:River measurement
1492:Flood forecasting
1307:Sedimentary basin
1164:Fluvial landforms
1069:Bed material load
845:River bifurcation
636:Hydrol. Processes
326:978-1-4200-5661-7
2014:
1951:Rivers by length
1786:River morphology
1688:Wetted perimeter
1593:Drainage density
1104:Headward erosion
933:Perennial stream
805:Blackwater river
758:
751:
744:
735:
734:
728:
727:
691:
682:
681:
679:
678:
672:
666:. Archived from
656:10.1002/hyp.5027
642:(9): 1871–1877.
633:
624:
618:
617:
565:
559:
558:
533:(1–2): 164–176.
524:
515:
509:
508:
500:
494:
493:
457:
451:
450:
406:
400:
399:
373:
364:
363:
337:
331:
330:
312:
306:
305:
303:
301:
283:
56:groundwater flow
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2011:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1961:Drainage basins
1942:
1876:
1815:
1791:Retention basin
1751:Erosion control
1746:Detention basin
1697:
1613:Hjulström curve
1565:
1559:
1531:
1475:Non-water flood
1432:
1404:
1350:Helicoidal flow
1336:
1237:Fluvial terrace
1232:Floating island
1158:
1033:
1025:
1016:Rhythmic spring
950:
942:
923:Stream gradient
864:
850:River ecosystem
815:Channel pattern
783:
775:
762:
732:
731:
692:
685:
676:
674:
670:
631:
625:
621:
566:
562:
522:
516:
512:
501:
497:
458:
454:
407:
403:
388:
374:
367:
352:
338:
334:
327:
313:
309:
299:
297:
296:on July 5, 2008
284:
280:
275:
253:
214:
187:
112:
64:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2020:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1852:Stone skipping
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1736:Drop structure
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1716:Balancing lake
1713:
1707:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1643:Playfair's law
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1598:Exner equation
1595:
1590:
1585:
1583:Bradshaw model
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1470:Urban flooding
1462:
1457:
1455:Crevasse splay
1452:
1450:100-year flood
1446:
1444:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1410:Surface runoff
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1390:Stream capture
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1302:Rock-cut basin
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1144:Suspended load
1141:
1136:
1134:Secondary flow
1131:
1126:
1124:Retrogradation
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1089:Dissolved load
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1021:Spring horizon
1018:
1013:
1008:
1006:Mineral spring
1003:
1002:
1001:
991:
990:
989:
987:list in the US
984:
974:
969:
964:
958:
956:
944:
943:
941:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
913:Stream channel
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
874:
872:
866:
865:
863:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
835:Drainage basin
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
795:Alluvial river
791:
789:
777:
776:
761:
760:
753:
746:
738:
730:
729:
702:(4): 465–492.
683:
619:
560:
510:
507:. McGraw-Hill.
495:
468:(3): 339–357.
452:
417:(1): 263–287.
401:
386:
365:
350:
332:
325:
307:
277:
276:
274:
271:
270:
269:
264:
259:
252:
249:
213:
210:
186:
183:
159:River incision
130:riparian zones
111:
108:
63:
60:
36:low-water flow
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2019:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1933:Surface water
1931:
1929:
1928:Sacred waters
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1913:Riparian zone
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:Body of water
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:Riverboarding
1845:
1843:
1842:River surfing
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
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1752:
1749:
1747:
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1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:and modelling
1562:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1527:Return period
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1487:Flood control
1485:
1483:
1482:Flood barrier
1480:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1114:Palaeochannel
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1074:Granular flow
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
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1428:Urban runoff
1342:Fluvial flow
1327:River valley
1297:River island
1262:Meander scar
1177:Alluvial fan
1119:Progradation
994:Karst spring
938:Winterbourne
893:Chalk stream
855:River source
830:Distributary
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1741:Daylighting
1460:Flash flood
1423:First flush
1370:Plunge pool
1094:Downcutting
1079:Debris flow
1054:Aggradation
928:Stream pool
241:Manning's n
229:agriculture
185:Measurement
179:Darcy's law
174:crystalline
163:water table
138:groundwater
1996:Categories
1938:Wild river
1618:Hydrograph
1608:Hack's law
1573:Baer's law
1517:Inundation
1502:Floodplain
1442:stormwater
1400:Whitewater
1272:Oxbow lake
1109:Knickpoint
1084:Deposition
977:Hot spring
918:Streamflow
908:Stream bed
825:Confluence
677:2009-07-10
273:References
262:Hydrograph
245:reservoirs
154:geomorphic
150:micropores
146:macropores
134:percolates
100:indigenous
84:hydrograph
76:watersheds
72:ecosystems
62:Importance
52:streamflow
2007:Limnology
2002:Hydrology
1908:Limnology
1857:Triathlon
1827:Canyoning
1796:Revetment
1726:Check dam
1638:Main stem
1395:Waterfall
1282:Point bar
1267:Mouth bar
1207:Billabong
1154:Water gap
1149:Wash load
1129:Saltation
1049:Anabranch
972:Holy well
860:Tributary
598:0017-467X
555:0022-1694
490:131587514
447:129716764
439:1431-2174
360:868029499
90:area and
44:sustained
1711:Aqueduct
1578:Baseflow
1545:Effluent
1222:Cut bank
1187:Avulsion
1064:Bed load
1044:Abrasion
664:28833693
614:12485813
606:16961500
396:42330977
300:July 10,
251:See also
221:forestry
132:. Water
80:snowmelt
32:low flow
20:Baseflow
1888:Aquifer
1881:Related
1837:Rafting
1365:Meander
1360:Log jam
1322:Thalweg
1227:Estuary
1099:Erosion
1036:erosion
948:Springs
903:Current
870:Streams
810:Channel
773:springs
769:streams
724:7544941
704:Bibcode
644:Bibcode
578:Bibcode
535:Bibcode
470:Bibcode
419:Bibcode
195:tracers
191:solutes
167:aquifer
116:bedrock
110:Geology
92:habitat
1683:WAFLEX
1555:Sewage
1438:Floods
1380:Riffle
1375:Rapids
1317:Strath
1287:Ravine
1212:Canyon
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898:Coulee
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878:Arroyo
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88:stream
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1766:Flume
1721:Canal
1465:Flood
1385:Shoal
1252:Gully
1247:Gulch
1217:Chine
1202:Bayou
1059:Armor
1011:Ponor
786:lists
720:S2CID
671:(PDF)
660:S2CID
632:(PDF)
610:S2CID
523:(PDF)
486:S2CID
443:S2CID
126:soils
1811:Weir
1776:Leat
1440:and
1332:Wadi
1292:Rill
1257:Glen
1242:Gill
1192:Bank
1034:and
999:list
982:list
953:list
888:Burn
771:and
602:PMID
594:ISSN
551:ISSN
435:ISSN
392:OCLC
382:ISBN
356:OCLC
346:ISBN
321:ISBN
302:2009
193:and
165:and
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1197:Bar
1172:Ait
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