Stream - Knowledge

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Although each tributary has its own source, international practice is to take the source farthest from the river mouth as the source of the entire river system, from which the most extended length of the river measured as the starting point is taken as the length of the whole river system, and that furthest starting point is conventionally taken as the source of the whole river system. For example, the origin of the Nile River is the confluence of the White Nile and the Blue Nile, but the source of the whole river system is in its upper reaches. If there is no specific designation, "length of the Nile" refers to the "river length of the Nile system", rather than to the length of the Nile river from the point where it is formed by a confluence of tributaries. The Nile's source is often cited as Lake Victoria, but the lake has significant feeder rivers. The Kagera River, which flows into Lake Victoria near Bukoba's Tanzanian town, is the longest feeder, though sources do not agree on which is the Kagera's longest tributary and therefore the Nile's most remote source itself.

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which eventually enters streams. Most precipitated water is partially bottled up by evaporation or freezing in snow fields and glaciers. The majority of the water flows as a runoff from the ground; the proportion of this varies depending on several factors, such as climate, temperature, vegetation, types of rock, and relief. This runoff begins as a thin layer called sheet wash, combined with a network of tiny rills, which together form the sheet runoff; when this water is focused in a channel, a stream is born. Some rivers and streams may begin from lakes or ponds.

1201: 1498: 58: 1157: 1197:, to be released later by evaporation or melting. The rest of the water flows off the land as runoff, the proportion of which varies according to many factors, such as wind, humidity, vegetation, rock types, and relief. This runoff starts as a thin film called sheet wash, combined with a network of tiny rills, together constituting sheet runoff; when this water is concentrated in a channel, a stream has its birth. Some creeks may start from ponds or lakes. 1371: 38: 220: 1169: 256: 271: 241: 1489: 1466:. There is no clear demarcation between surface runoff and an ephemeral stream, and some ephemeral streams can be classed as intermittent—flow all but disappearing in the normal course of seasons but ample flow (backups) restoring stream presence — such circumstances are documented when stream beds have opened up a path into mines or other underground chambers. 161:). The surface and subterranean water are highly variable between periods of rainfall. Groundwater, on the other hand, has a relatively constant input and is controlled more by long-term patterns of precipitation. The stream encompasses surface, subsurface and groundwater fluxes that respond to geological, geomorphological, hydrological and biotic controls. 223: 222: 228: 226: 221: 1756:

Well defined river beds composed of riffles, pools, runs, gravel bars, a bed armor layer, and other depositional features, plus well defined banks due to bank erosion, are good identifiers when assessing for perennial streams. Particle size will help identify a perennial stream. Perennial streams cut

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As an essential symbol of the river formation environment, the river source needs an objective and straightforward and effective method of judging. A calculation model of river source catchment area based on critical support flow (CSD) proposed, and the relationship between CSA and CSD with a minimum

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is 0.0028 m/s. At the same time, the white water curvature is 0.0085 m/s. Besides, the critical support flow can vary with hydrologic climate conditions, and the vital support flow Qc in wet areas (white water) is larger than in semi-arid regions (heap slot). The proposed critical support flow (CSD)

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A stream's source depends on the surrounding landscape and its function within larger river networks. While perennial and intermittent streams are typically supplied by smaller upstream waters and groundwater, headwater and ephemeral streams often derive most of their water from precipitation in the

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In geological terms, the stream will erode down through its bed to achieve the base level of erosion throughout its course. If this base level is low, then the stream will rapidly cut through underlying strata and have a steep gradient, and if the base level is relatively high, then the stream will

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Freshwater's primary sources are precipitation and mountain snowmelt. However, rivers typically originate in the highlands, and are slowly created by the erosion of mountain snowmelt into lakes or rivers. Rivers usually flow from their source topographically, and erode as they pass until they reach

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Streams, headwaters, and streams flowing only part of the year provide many benefits upstream and downstream. They defend against floods, remove contaminants, recycle nutrients that are potentially dangerous as well as provide food and habitat for many forms of fish. Such streams also play a vital

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does not occur in perennial streams since such material is continuously flushed. In the adjacent overbank of a perennial stream, fine sediment may cling to riparian plant stems and tree trunks. Organic debris drift lines or piles may be found within the active overbank area after recent high flow.

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A perennial stream can be identified 48 hours after a storm. Direct storm runoff usually has ceased at this point. If a stream is still flowing and contributing inflow is not observed above the channel, the observed water is likely baseflow. Another perennial stream indication is an abundance of

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are secondary indicators in assessment of a perennial stream because some fish and amphibians can inhabit areas without persistent water regime. When assessing for fish, all available habitat should be assessed: pools, riffles, root clumps and other obstructions. Fish will seek cover if alerted to

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streams have an almost random drainage often forming dendritic patterns. These are typically tributaries and have developed by a headward erosion on a horizontally stratified belt or on homogeneous rocks. These streams follow courses that apparently were not controlled by the original slope of the

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are looping changes of direction of a stream caused by the erosion and deposition of bank materials. These are typically serpentine in form. Typically, over time the meanders gradually migrate downstream. If some resistant material slows or stops the downstream movement of a meander, a stream may

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is a stream which does not have any other recurring or perennial stream feeding into it. When two first-order streams come together, they form a second-order stream. When two second-order streams come together, they form a third-order stream. Streams of lower order joining a higher order stream do

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The source of a river or stream (its point of origin) can consist of lakes, swamps, springs, or glaciers. A typical river has several tributaries; each of these may be made up of several other smaller tributaries, so that together this stream and all its tributaries are called a drainage network.

1298:, beginning with steep gradients, no flood plain, and little shifting of channels, eventually evolving into streams with low gradients, wide flood plains, and extensive meanders. The initial stage is sometimes termed a "young" or "immature" stream, and the later state a "mature" or "old" stream. 1211:

The streams typically derive most of their water from rain and snow precipitation. Most of this water re-enters the atmosphere either by evaporation from soil and water bodies, or by plant evapotranspiration. By infiltration some of the water sinks into the earth and becomes groundwater, much of

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in North America divides the mainly easterly-draining Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean basins from the largely westerly-flowing Pacific Ocean basin. The Atlantic Ocean basin, however, may be further subdivided into the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico drainages. (This delineation is termed the

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The word "perennial" from the 1640s, meaning "evergreen," is established in Latin perennis, keeping the meaning as "everlasting all year round," per "over" plus annus "year." This has been proved since the 1670s by the "living years" in the sense of botany. The metaphorical sense of "enduring,

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streams are streams whose course follows the original relief, but at a lower level than the original slope (e.g., flows down a course determined by the underlying strata in the same direction). These streams develop later and are generally a tributary to a subsequent

1748:. These amphibians can be found in stream channels, along stream banks, and even under rocks. Frogs and tadpoles usually inhabit shallow and slow moving waters near the sides of stream banks. Frogs will typically jump into water when alerted to human presence. 3039:[The Determination of the Source of the Typical River in Tibet Based on the Critical Support Flow and the Analysis of the River Network Analysis-Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition) 2014-06-Find dissertations and theses]. 1474:. An ephemeral stream does not have the biological, hydrological, and physical characteristics of a continuous or intermittent stream. The same non-perennial channel might change characteristics from intermittent to ephemeral over its course. 1279:

of erosion. The base level of erosion is the point at which the stream either enters the ocean, a lake or pond, or enters a stretch in which it has a much lower gradient, and may be specifically applied to any particular stretch of a stream.

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According to official U.S. definitions, the channels of intermittent streams are well-defined, as opposed to ephemeral streams, which may or may not have a defined channel, and rely mainly on storm runoff, as their aquatic bed is above the

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The channel followed by a stream (a flowing body of water) or the stream itself. In the UK, some aspects of criminal law, such as the Rivers (Prevention of Pollution) Act 1951, specify that a watercourse includes those rivers which are

3248:'Black Creek is an ephemeral stream. It used to drain an area between Turtle Creek and the Susquehanna River, but now loses its flow to underground mines via broken bedrock. Its channel is also disrupted by strip mines and rock piles.' 1867:, or any other thing which might restrict the flow of the stream in ordinary or flood conditions. Any structure over or in a stream which results in limitations on the movement of fish or other ecological elements may be an issue. 1229:

concept and model method can be used to determine the hydrographic indicators of river sources in complex geographical areas, and it can also reflect the impact of hydrologic climate change on river recharge in different regions.

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The extent of land basin drained by a stream is termed its drainage basin (also known in North America as the watershed and, in British English, as a catchment). A basin may also be composed of smaller basins. For instance, the

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is one which flows continuously all year. Some perennial streams may only have continuous flow in segments of its stream bed year round during years of normal rainfall. Blue-line streams are perennial streams and are marked on

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along weak strata. These streams have generally developed after the original stream. Subsequent streams developed independently of the original relief of the land and generally follow paths determined by the weak rock

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Australian creek, low in the dry season, carrying little water. The energetic flow of the stream had, in flood, moved finer sediment further downstream. There is a pool to lower right and a riffle to upper left of the

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is defined as the solid matter carried by a stream. Streams can carry sediment, or alluvium. The amount of load it can carry (capacity) as well as the largest object it can carry (competence) are both dependent on the

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through the soil profile, which removes fine and small particles. By assessing areas for relatively coarse material left behind in the stream bed and finer sediments along the side of the stream or within the

1554:). In full flood the stream may or may not be "torrential" in the dramatic sense of the word, but there will be one or more seasons in which the flow is reduced to a trickle or less. Typically torrents have 224: 1683:, larger than 0.5 mm, found in stream and river bottoms. Macroinvertebrates are larval stages of most aquatic insects and their presence is a good indicator that the stream is perennial. Larvae of 1219:

The scientists have offered a way based on data to define the origin of the lake. A classified sample was the one measured by the Chinese researchers from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

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Steigerwalt, Nancy M.; Cichra, Charles E.; Baker, Shirley M. (2008). "Composition and Distribution of Aquatic Invertebrate Communities on Snags in a North Central Florida, USA, Spring-Run Stream".

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streams are streams whose course is a direct consequence of the original slope of the surface upon which it developed, i.e., streams that follow slope of the land over which they originally formed.

1108:. In some jurisdictions, owners of land over which the water flows may have the legal right to use or retain some or much of that water. This right may extend to estuaries, rivers, streams, 1774:

are present, indicating persistent expression of oxygen-depleted ground water. In a forested area, leaf and needle litter in the stream channel is an additional indicator. Accumulation of

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To qualify as a stream, a body of water must be either recurring or perennial. Recurring (intermittent) streams have water in the channel for at least part of the year. A stream of the

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catchment area established. Using the model for comparison in two basins in Tibet (Helongqu and Niyang River White Water), the results show that the critical support flow (Qc) of the

1581:(this last one from arabic origin) in Spain and Latin America. In Australia, an intermittent stream is usually called a creek and marked on topographic maps with a solid blue line. 3088: 3391: 3437:"Technical guidance for Identification of Perennial Stream For the Purpose of Jurisdictional Determinations Under 10 VSA Section 1021(a) and 1002(10) January 16, 2018" 3501:

Li, Zhouyuan; Liu, Xuehua; Niu, Tianlin; Kejia, De; Zhou, Qingping; et al. Environmental science & technology Vol. 49, Iss. 10, (May 19, 2015): 5897–5904.

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The fall of water where the stream goes over a sudden drop called a knickpoint; some knickpoints are formed by erosion when water flows over an especially resistant

111:. Depending on its location or certain characteristics, a stream may be referred to by a variety of local or regional names. Long, large streams are usually called 1562:

sources, and in the summer they are fed by little precipitation and no melting snow. In this case the maximum discharge will be during the spring and autumn.

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Technical Guidance for Identification of Perennial Stream For the Purpose of Jurisdictional Determinations Under 10 VSA Section 1021(a) and 1002(10)

392:, a (narrow) stream that is smaller than a river; a minor tributary of a river; a brook. Sometimes navigable by water craft and may be intermittent. 1444:

There are high channels of permeability, especially stratospheric, boundary conditions; while stratospheric groundwater also decreases on occasion.

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role in preserving our drinking water quality and supply, ensuring a steady flow of water to surface waters and helping to restore deep aquifers.

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is also used to name streams in Maryland, for streams/rivers which have waterfalls on them, even if such falls only have a small vertical drop.

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erode through the neck between two legs of a meander to become temporarily straighter, leaving behind an arc-shaped body of water termed an

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Cheng Haining, Liu Shaoyuan. Discussion on criteria for the determination of sources of large rivers . Qinghai Land Survey 2009, 06:24–28.

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and becomes groundwater, much of which eventually enters streams. Some precipitated water is temporarily locked up in snow fields and

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or through caves. A stream can, especially with caves, flow aboveground for part of its course, and underground for part of its course.

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The point at which the two streams merge. If the two tributaries are of approximately equal size, the confluence may be called a fork.

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A shoal that develops in a stream as sediment is deposited as the current slows or is impeded by wave action at the confluence.

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The part of a stream or river proximate to its source. The word is most commonly used in the plural where there is no single

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Alexander, L. C., Autrey, B., DeMeester, J., Fritz, K. M., Golden, H. E., Goodrich, D. C., ... & McManus, M. G. (2015).

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human presence, but should be easily observed in perennial streams. Amphibians also indicate a perennial stream and include

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The river's longitudinal section, or the line joining the deepest point in the channel at each stage from source to mouth.

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Absence of such characteristics supports classifying a stream as intermittent, "showing interruptions in time or space".

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is one that only flows for part of the year and is marked on topographic maps with a line of blue dashes and dots. A

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Riverbed forms, for example, riffles, pools, runs, gravel bars, other depositional characteristics, bed armor layer.

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is a small creek; this is seen in proper names in eastern North America from the Mid-Atlantic states (for instance,

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Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2012. Journey to the source of the Nile.

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As shown by bank leakage, spring, or other indicators, grass-roots flow mainly supports groundwater recharge.

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in the United States) The area of land where water flows into a stream. A large drainage basin such as the

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is a large natural stream that is much wider and deeper than a creek and not easily fordable, and may be a

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Connectivity of streams and wetlands to downstream waters: review and synthesis of the scientific evidence

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Nile Basin Initiative. 2011. Archived from the original on 2 September 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2011.

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Direct observation or compelling evidence suggests that there is no interruption in the flow at ground.

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British...especially an inlet...(whereas) NZ, North American, Australian...stream or minor tributary.

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also indicate the stream is perennial. These require a persistent aquatic environment for survival.

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eternal" originates from 1750. They are related to "perennial." See biennial for shifts in vowels.

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of a stream is a critical factor in determining its character and is entirely determined by its

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word meaning "riverbed" or "water channel", and can also be used for the UK meaning of 'creek'.

287: 77: 3453: 2994: 2442: 1650:: A stream or reach of a stream which shows a net loss of water to groundwater or evaporation. 1435:

regression on the VHD data layer-oriented application on the probability of intermittent flow.

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Washes can fill up quickly during rains, and there may be a sudden torrent of water after a

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A site along the route of a stream or river, used for reference marking or water monitoring.

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red rust material in a slow-moving wetted channel or stagnant area. This is evidence that

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Identification Methods for the Origins of Intermittent and Perennial streams, Version 3.1

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Generally, streams that flow only during and immediately after precipitation are termed

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on a shoreline beach or river floodplain, or between a bar and the shore. Also called a

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from the mainland). In these cases, the "stream" is the tidal stream, the course of the

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is a contributory stream to a larger stream, or a stream which does not reach a static

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The point at which a stream emerges from an underground course through unconsolidated

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The existence of one or more specific features of the perennial streams, including:

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form of rain and snow. Most of this precipitated water re-enters the atmosphere by

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basin. Continuing in this vein, a component of the Mississippi River basin is the

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The surrounding topography exhibits features of being formed by fluvial processes.

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but joins another river (a parent river). Sometimes also called a branch or fork.

4816: 4580: 4540: 4535: 4139: 4026: 4021: 3805: 3742: 3712: 3677: 3672: 3639: 3604: 3575: 2775: 2475: 2469:"Olympic Experimental State Forest Synthesis of Riparian Research and Monitoring" 2244: 1996: 1901: 1852: 1833: 1624:

streams are streams flowing in the opposite direction of the consequent drainage.

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Shannonhouse, Royal G. (1961). "Some Principles of Water Law in the Southeast".

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North American, Australian, NZ...A stream, brook, or minor tributary of a river.

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Existence of native aquatic organisms which require undisturbed survival flow.

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The existence of aquatic organisms that require uninterrupted circulation.

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with a larger stream. Common terms for individual river distributaries in

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Economic importance in fishing, hunting, manufacturing and agriculture.

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in Delaware, and other streams) down into the Caribbean (for instance,

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US, Canadian, Australian and New Zealand a small stream or tributary

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Stream with low gradient surrounded by natural riparian vegetation (

4367: 4334: 4011: 3853: 3820: 3261:"2. EVALUATING THE BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERMITTENT STREAMS" 3156: 3126: 1700: 1364: 1336: 1322:. A flood may also cause a meander to be cut through in this way. 1054: 1036: 800:

of southern England for ephemeral rivers. When permanent, they are

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streams are streams whose course has been determined by selective

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is the name given to streams coming out of small natural springs.

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is a stream smaller than a creek, especially one that is fed by a

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Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices

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Lewis, Roy; Hilton, John Buxton; Fallon, Jennifer (2022-04-05).

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require a continuous aquatic habitat until they reach maturity.

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A small, narrow stream flowing down a tiny dell in Pennsylvania.

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of plants. Some of the water proceeds to sink into the earth by

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The line on which the stream's surface meets the channel walls.

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or delta, into a static body of water such as a lake or ocean.

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in areas which were once occupied by the Danes and Norwegians.

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Manual of Hydrology: Part 1. General Surface-Water Techniques

3289:"Stream Identification Method and Rating Form: Definitions". 1945:

Manual of Hydrology: Part 1. General Surface-Water Techniques

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Perennial streams have one or more of these characteristics:

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are actually rivers named in this manner, unique to Maryland.

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is common throughout the United States, as well as Australia.

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Stream, its floodplains, and the transitional upland fringe.

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U.S., Canada , and Australia…a stream smaller than a river.

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The catchment area exceeds .25 square miles (0.65 km).

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The point at which the stream discharges, possibly via an

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The point on a stream's profile where a sudden change in

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Indications of waterborne debris and sediment transport.

3201:"perennial stream | Search Online Etymology Dictionary" 1999:

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Atlanta, GA. 2009-05-13.

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A segment where the water is deeper and slower moving.

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Black Creek (Susquehanna River)#Hydrology and climate

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will be a good indicator of persistent water regime.

1644:: A stream or path to receive water from groundwater. 364: 355: 341: 332: 134:

The flow of a stream is controlled by three inputs –

2803: 2758:. United States Geological Survey. 26 November 2018. 1635: 358: 335: 3148:

Outline of ground-water hydrology, with definitions

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Outline of ground-water hydrology, with definitions

2919: 1669: 627:There are a number of regional names for a stream. 1477: 1045:A somewhat smoothly flowing segment of the stream. 517:The linear channel between the parallel ridges or 176:in the immediate vicinity of a stream is called a 2907:Jones, J.G. (1965). "Water Rights in Louisiana". 2859: 1292:Typically, streams are said to have a particular 954:Lands adjacent to the stream that are subject to 719:is used for streams from larger springs like the 639:is used to name streams in Maryland and Virginia. 4783: 3456:. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 1990:"What is hydrology and what do hydrologists do?" 3553: 3475:(Water Supply Paper 1541-A). Reston, VA: USGS. 3168: 3110: 3108: 3106: 1947:(Water Supply Paper 1541-A). Reston, VA: USGS. 1023:A segment where the flow is shallower and more 318:. A brook is characterised by its shallowness. 3089:"Next on Egypt's to-do: Ethiopia and the Nile" 2840:definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary 1832:basin and several smaller basins, such as the 1129:, followed by one less so. The stream expends 3539: 3466: 2735: 1961: 1938: 1934: 1932: 1674: 1542:In Italy, an intermittent stream is termed a 3103: 2790: 1565:An intermittent stream can also be called a 1257:not change the order of the higher stream. 1015:, fast-flowing stretch of a stream or river. 19:"Rivulet" redirects here. For the moth, see 16:Body of surface water flowing down a channel 3467:Langbein, W.B.; Iseri, Kathleen T. (1995). 3053: 2886:"Rivers (Prevention of Pollution) Act 1951" 2412:(3rd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. 2376: 1939:Langbein, W.B.; Iseri, Kathleen T. (1995). 1631:surface, its structure or the type of rock. 3546: 3532: 2512: 2510: 2312:Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) 1929: 1764: 1679:"Macroinvertebrate" refers to easily seen 1079:The water moving through a stream channel. 115:, while smaller, less voluminous and more 2995:"Streams | Rivers & Streams | US EPA" 2115:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 2082:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 2063:Northern, North Midland, and Western U.S. 1539:, which flows after sufficient rainfall. 850:and appears to have been an invention of 164:Streams are important as conduits in the 3284: 3282: 3280: 2351: 2275: 1751: 1589:There are five generic classifications: 1496: 1487: 1369: 1351: 1199: 1167: 1155: 1133:in "trying" to eliminate the knickpoint. 575:. Distributaries are common features of 281: 269: 254: 239: 218: 68: 56: 44: 36: 4145:International scale of river difficulty 3253: 3144: 3114: 3056:"The Truth About the Source of R. Nile" 2507: 2236:Spruce Creek Association. Kittery, ME. 1584: 1035:A large natural stream, which may be a 4784: 3446: 3176:"OSM – COALEX State Inquiry Report 97" 2756:"USGS Water Science Glossary of Terms" 2407: 2326: 1424:Defined river or stream bed and banks. 1185:from soil and water bodies, or by the 946:contains many smaller drainage basins. 884: 3527: 3410: 3408: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3277: 2925: 2906: 2440: 1513:conditions. In the United States, an 846:. The variant "ghyll" is used in the 2862:"Watercourse definition and meaning" 2723:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2701:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2679:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2657:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2635:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2613:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2591:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2569:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2495:. Oxford University Press. June 2017 2467:Bisson, Peter and Wondzell, Steven. 2410:Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems 2300: 1919:, a stream that flows only in winter 1418:Riverbank erosion and/or polishment. 834:is seen in the north of England and 3469:"Hydrologic Definitions: Watershed" 2238:"About the Spruce Creek Watershed." 1531:is normally a dry streambed in the 1457: 1347: 889:For a more comprehensive list, see 630: 13: 3486: 3405: 3379: 3234:Characteristic of perennial stream 3086: 2461: 2250: 2113:English Oxford Living Dictionaries 2043:English Oxford Living Dictionaries 1840:basin, which in turn includes the 1813: 1236: 958:when a stream overflows its banks. 880:and Cumbria for a seasonal stream. 180:. Given the status of the ongoing 14: 4828: 3511: 2314:. United States Geological Survey 1962:Basic Biology (16 January 2016). 1855:are where streams are crossed by 1636:According to the water underneath 1342: 918:A depression created by constant 753: 599:. They can also occur inland, on 314:. It is usually small and easily 3518:Glossary of stream-related terms 3479:from the original on 2012-05-09. 3163:from the original on 2017-07-09. 3133:from the original on 2017-07-09. 1951:from the original on 2012-05-09. 1941:"Hydrologic Definitions: Stream" 1670:Indicators of a perennial stream 1509:begins upstream, such as during 1359:a small perennial stream in the 1284:form a flood plain and meander. 910:A fork into two or more streams. 351: 328: 4302:Flooded grasslands and savannas 3460: 3429: 3358: 3334: 3310: 3237: 3217: 3193: 3182:from the original on 2012-04-15 3138: 3080: 3047: 3029: 3011: 2987: 2958: 2932:Journal of Sedimentary Research 2900: 2878: 2784: 2762: 2713: 2691: 2669: 2647: 2625: 2603: 2581: 2559: 2532: 2485: 2434: 2401: 2230: 2224: 2193: 2163: 1577:-speaking world or torrente or 1478:Intermittent or seasonal stream 922:that carries the stream's flow. 556: 2518:"Derek Watkin's USGS Analysis" 2447:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2134: 2101: 2068: 2031: 2002: 1983: 1970: 1955: 1722: 1325: 622: 579:, and are often found where a 1: 1923: 1782: 442:channel at low and high tide. 4468:Universal Soil Loss Equation 4418:Hydrological transport model 4312:Storm Water Management Model 2480:United States Forest Service 1847: 1795:Flood and erosion protection 528: 480:United States Virgin Islands 184:, streams play an important 7: 3054:McLeay, Cam (2 July 2006). 2811:"Definition of WATERCOURSE" 2769:"Stream Corridor Structure" 2482:, p. 15 (December 1, 2009). 2444:The Basics of Earth Science 2384:"White Gut River (Jamaica)" 1870: 1260: 1216:the base stage of erosion. 196:. The study of streams and 49:Frozen stream in Enäjärvi, 10: 4833: 3972:Antecedent drainage stream 3454:"The importance of stream" 3145:Meinzer, Oscar E. (1923). 3115:Meinzer, Oscar E. (1923). 2866:Collins English Dictionary 2408:Wetzel, Robert G. (2001). 2262:Merriam-Webster Dictionary 1887:Fluvial sediment processes 1826:Eastern Continental Divide 1675:Benthic macroinvertebrates 1481: 1301: 1287: 1264: 1245: 1241: 1149: 1145: 888: 609:English-speaking countries 29: 18: 4736: 4708:River valley civilization 4670: 4609: 4591:Riparian-zone restoration 4491: 4353: 4325: 4226: 4198: 4130: 3952: 3819: 3736: 3658: 3569: 3342:"Definition of RESEQUENT" 2441:Krebs, Robert E. (2003). 2209:. Springer Nature Limited 1980:(Vol. 475). EPA/600/R-14. 891:List of fluvial landforms 866:is a term encountered in 774:is used in areas between 512: 207:and is a core element of 4771:Countries without rivers 4746:Rivers by discharge rate 4458:Runoff model (reservoir) 4423:Infiltration (hydrology) 3121:. Washington, DC: USGS. 2926:North, Colin P. (2007). 1398:with a solid blue line. 1160:Small tributary stream, 1106:dry for part of the year 818:is used in Scotland and 493: 476:other rivers and streams 321: 297: 214: 23:. For the musician, see 4443:River Continuum Concept 4208:Agricultural wastewater 3346:www.merriam-webster.com 3165:Water Supply Paper 494. 3135:Water Supply Paper 494. 2308:"Feature Query Results" 2047:Oxford University Press 1877:Aqueduct (water supply) 1772:iron-oxidizing bacteria 1765:Hydrological indicators 1065:The bottom of a stream. 484:many streams and creeks 232:Creek babbling through 209:environmental geography 200:in general is known as 192:and thus in conserving 65:in south-eastern France 32:Stream (disambiguation) 4766:River name etymologies 4693:Hydraulic civilization 4551:Floodplain restoration 4327:Point source pollution 4102:Sedimentary structures 2699:"OED Online – Rivulet" 2080:oxforddictionaries.com 1912:Tidal stream generator 1551: 1529:desert wash, or arroyo 1502: 1494: 1386: 1367: 1208: 1177: 1165: 653:Little Gunpowder Falls 294: 286:A low level stream in 279: 267: 252: 237: 81: 78:North Rhine-Westphalia 66: 54: 42: 4378:Discharge (hydrology) 4340:Industrial wastewater 3821:Sedimentary processes 3503:DOI:10.1021/es505985q 3023:www.sciencedirect.com 2589:"OED Online – Bourne" 2148:. Dictionary.com, LLC 2119:on September 24, 2016 2086:on September 24, 2016 2016:. Dictionary.com, LLC 1844:basin, and so forth. 1752:Geological indicators 1715:(clams), and aquatic 1500: 1491: 1373: 1355: 1248:Strahler Stream Order 1203: 1171: 1159: 796:is used in the chalk 285: 273: 258: 243: 231: 119:streams are known as 72: 60: 48: 41:Rocky stream in Italy 40: 4483:Volumetric flow rate 4067:Riffle-pool sequence 3423:www.deq.virginia.gov 3099:on December 9, 2013. 2952:10.2110/jsr.2007.089 2909:Louisiana Law Review 2888:. legislation.gov.uk 2611:"OED Online – Brook" 2493:"OED Online -Branch" 2334:"Sandy Gut, Jamaica" 2247:Accessed 2010-10-02. 2206:Macmillan Dictionary 1799:Groundwater recharge 1792:Clean drinking water 1585:Consequential or not 569:distributary channel 276:Rhineland-Palatinate 170:groundwater recharge 30:For other uses, see 4657:Whitewater kayaking 4652:Whitewater canoeing 4453:Runoff curve number 4297:Flood pulse concept 3318:"consequent stream" 2944:2007JSedR..77..925N 2721:"OED Online – Sike" 2677:"OED Online – Nant" 2655:"OED Online – Gill" 2633:"OED Online – Burn" 2567:"OED Online – Beck" 1803:Pollution reduction 1226:housing dragon song 1174:Perisher Ski Resort 885:Related terminology 743:Mid-Atlantic states 583:stream enters wide 190:fragmented habitats 188:role in connecting 182:Holocene extinction 4683:Aquatic toxicology 4596:Stream restoration 4561:Infiltration basin 4413:Hydrological model 3929:Sediment transport 3752:Estavelle/Inversac 3630:Subterranean river 3205:www.etymonline.com 2774:2015-04-02 at the 2474:2022-08-13 at the 2258:"Gut (definition)" 2243:2008-07-03 at the 2176:Collins Dictionary 1995:2014-02-22 at the 1882:Environmental flow 1821:Continental Divide 1537:American Southwest 1503: 1495: 1484:Intermittent river 1387: 1368: 1209: 1187:evapotranspiration 1178: 1166: 852:William Wordsworth 820:North East England 764:Scottish Highlands 587:or approaches the 295: 280: 268: 259:A small stream in 253: 238: 151:subterranean water 82: 67: 55: 43: 4802:Fluvial landforms 4779: 4778: 4756:Whitewater rivers 4662:Whitewater slalom 4493:River engineering 4393:Groundwater model 4354:River measurement 4282:Flood forecasting 4097:Sedimentary basin 3954:Fluvial landforms 3859:Bed material load 3635:River bifurcation 3249: 3093:www.aljazeera.com 2793:Mercer Law Review 2541:Florida Scientist 2454:978-0-313-31930-3 1830:Mississippi River 1295:elevation profile 938:(also known as a 878:Scottish Lowlands 860:is used in Wales. 739:Midwestern states 573:river bifurcation 454:in Pennsylvania, 428:Portsbridge Creek 418:, typically in a 234:Benvoulin, Canada 229: 168:, instruments in 4824: 4741:Rivers by length 4576:River morphology 4478:Wetted perimeter 4383:Drainage density 3894:Headward erosion 3723:Perennial stream 3595:Blackwater river 3548: 3541: 3534: 3525: 3524: 3481: 3480: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3420: 3412: 3403: 3402: 3396: 3388: 3377: 3376: 3370: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3352: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3328: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3297: 3286: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3271: 3257: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3211: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3187: 3172: 3166: 3164: 3142: 3136: 3134: 3112: 3101: 3100: 3095:. Archived from 3084: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3064:. Archived from 3051: 3045: 3044: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3005: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2981: 2972:. Archived from 2962: 2956: 2955: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2872: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2847: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2822: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2788: 2782: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2752: 2733: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2563: 2557: 2556: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2514: 2505: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2489: 2483: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2405: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2380: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2359:"Bens Gut River" 2355: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2287:Anyplace America 2279: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2254: 2248: 2234: 2228: 2222: 2221: 2216: 2214: 2197: 2191: 2190: 2185: 2183: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2155: 2153: 2138: 2132: 2131: 2126: 2124: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2093: 2091: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2058: 2049:. Archived from 2035: 2029: 2028: 2023: 2021: 2006: 2000: 1987: 1981: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1959: 1953: 1952: 1936: 1853:Stream crossings 1806:Wildlife habitat 1608:headward erosion 1458:Ephemeral stream 1396:topographic maps 1391:perennial stream 1348:Perennial or not 1227: 1137:Wetted perimeter 631:Northern America 446:In hydrography, 371: 370: 367: 366: 363: 360: 357: 348: 347: 344: 343: 340: 337: 334: 230: 88:is a continuous 4832: 4831: 4827: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4822: 4821: 4797:Bodies of water 4782: 4781: 4780: 4775: 4751:Drainage basins 4732: 4666: 4605: 4581:Retention basin 4541:Erosion control 4536:Detention basin 4487: 4403:Hjulström curve 4355: 4349: 4321: 4265:Non-water flood 4222: 4194: 4140:Helicoidal flow 4126: 4027:Fluvial terrace 4022:Floating island 3948: 3823: 3815: 3806:Rhythmic spring 3740: 3732: 3713:Stream gradient 3654: 3640:River ecosystem 3605:Channel pattern 3573: 3565: 3552: 3514: 3489: 3487:Further reading 3484: 3465: 3461: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3406: 3394: 3390: 3389: 3380: 3368: 3364: 3363: 3359: 3350: 3348: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3326: 3324: 3316: 3315: 3311: 3301: 3299: 3295: 3288: 3287: 3278: 3269: 3267: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3242: 3238: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3209: 3207: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3185: 3183: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3143: 3139: 3113: 3104: 3087:Malone, Barry. 3085: 3081: 3071: 3069: 3068:on 9 April 2011 3052: 3048: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3003: 3001: 2999:archive.epa.gov 2993: 2992: 2988: 2979: 2977: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2938:(11): 925–938. 2924: 2920: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2870: 2868: 2858: 2854: 2845: 2843: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2820: 2818: 2815:Merriam-Webster 2809: 2808: 2804: 2789: 2785: 2776:Wayback Machine 2767: 2763: 2754: 2753: 2736: 2726: 2724: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2660: 2658: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2638: 2636: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2616: 2614: 2609: 2608: 2604: 2594: 2592: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2572: 2570: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2537: 2533: 2523: 2521: 2516: 2515: 2508: 2498: 2496: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2476:Wayback Machine 2466: 2462: 2455: 2439: 2435: 2420: 2406: 2402: 2392: 2390: 2388:Gazettering.com 2382: 2381: 2377: 2367: 2365: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2342: 2340: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2317: 2315: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2291: 2289: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2266: 2264: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2245:Wayback Machine 2235: 2231: 2225: 2219:a narrow stream 2212: 2210: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2181: 2179: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2151: 2149: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2122: 2120: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2089: 2087: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2056: 2054: 2053:on May 18, 2019 2037: 2036: 2032: 2019: 2017: 2008: 2007: 2003: 1997:Wayback Machine 1988: 1984: 1975: 1971: 1960: 1956: 1937: 1930: 1926: 1902:River ecosystem 1873: 1850: 1834:Tombigbee River 1816: 1814:Drainage basins 1785: 1767: 1754: 1725: 1677: 1672: 1638: 1587: 1519:seasonal stream 1486: 1480: 1460: 1350: 1345: 1339:of the stream. 1328: 1304: 1290: 1269: 1267:Stream gradient 1263: 1250: 1244: 1239: 1237:Characteristics 1225: 1154: 1148: 1068:Stream corridor 981:stream gradient 894: 887: 876:is used in the 762:is used in the 756: 633: 625: 559: 531: 515: 496: 488:Dutch Caribbean 403:, and parts of 354: 350: 331: 327: 324: 300: 261:Lake Parramatta 219: 217: 153:, and surfaced 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4830: 4820: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4642:Stone skipping 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4526:Drop structure 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4506:Balancing lake 4503: 4497: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4433:Playfair's law 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4388:Exner equation 4385: 4380: 4375: 4373:Bradshaw model 4370: 4365: 4359: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4331: 4329: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4260:Urban flooding 4252: 4247: 4245:Crevasse splay 4242: 4240:100-year flood 4236: 4234: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4204: 4202: 4200:Surface runoff 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4180:Stream capture 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4136: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4092:Rock-cut basin 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3958: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3934:Suspended load 3931: 3926: 3924:Secondary flow 3921: 3916: 3914:Retrogradation 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3879:Dissolved load 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3830: 3828: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3813: 3811:Spring horizon 3808: 3803: 3798: 3796:Mineral spring 3793: 3792: 3791: 3781: 3780: 3779: 3777:list in the US 3774: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3748: 3746: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3703:Stream channel 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3664: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3625:Drainage basin 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3585:Alluvial river 3581: 3579: 3567: 3566: 3551: 3550: 3543: 3536: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3513: 3512:External links 3510: 3509: 3508: 3505: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3459: 3445: 3428: 3404: 3378: 3357: 3333: 3322:Dictionary.com 3309: 3276: 3252: 3250:, 14 Nov 2016. 3236: 3216: 3192: 3167: 3157:10.3133/wsp494 3137: 3127:10.3133/wsp494 3102: 3079: 3046: 3028: 3010: 2986: 2957: 2918: 2899: 2877: 2852: 2827: 2802: 2783: 2761: 2734: 2712: 2690: 2668: 2646: 2624: 2602: 2580: 2558: 2547:(3): 273–286. 2531: 2520:. 25 July 2011 2506: 2484: 2460: 2453: 2433: 2419:978-0127447605 2418: 2400: 2375: 2350: 2325: 2299: 2274: 2249: 2229: 2223: 2192: 2162: 2146:Dictionary.com 2133: 2100: 2067: 2030: 2014:dictionary.com 2001: 1982: 1969: 1954: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1914: 1909: 1907:Rock-cut basin 1904: 1899: 1897:Playfair's Law 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1872: 1869: 1849: 1846: 1842:Kentucky River 1815: 1812: 1811: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1796: 1793: 1784: 1781: 1766: 1763: 1753: 1750: 1724: 1721: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1666: 1664:Classification 1657: 1651: 1645: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1625: 1619: 1612: 1598: 1597: 1586: 1583: 1569:in Britain, a 1479: 1476: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1410: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1343:Classification 1341: 1327: 1324: 1303: 1300: 1289: 1286: 1265:Main article: 1262: 1259: 1246:Main article: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1150:Main article: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1134: 1131:kinetic energy 1123: 1117: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1090: 1087: 1080: 1077: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1058: 1051: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1033: 1028: 1021: 1016: 1009: 1004: 1001: 996: 989: 984: 977: 972: 965: 959: 952: 947: 936: 934:Drainage basin 931: 928: 923: 916: 911: 908: 903: 900: 886: 883: 882: 881: 871: 861: 855: 842:influenced by 823: 813: 807: 783: 767: 755: 754:United Kingdom 752: 751: 750: 728: 706: 688: 685:Dutch language 660: 646: 640: 632: 629: 624: 621: 589:coastal plains 558: 555: 530: 527: 514: 511: 495: 492: 444: 443: 432:Portsea Island 424:mangrove swamp 397:United Kingdom 393: 323: 320: 299: 296: 216: 213: 136:surface runoff 74:Aubach (Wiehl) 21:Rivulet (moth) 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4829: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4807:Geomorphology 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4792:Water streams 4790: 4789: 4787: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4735: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4723:Surface water 4721: 4719: 4718:Sacred waters 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4703:Riparian zone 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4688:Body of water 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4637:Riverboarding 4635: 4633: 4632:River surfing 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4608: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4490: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4356:and modelling 4352: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4317:Return period 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4277:Flood control 4275: 4273: 4272:Flood barrier 4270: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3904:Palaeochannel 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3864:Granular flow 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3787: 3786: 3785: 3782: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3739: 3735: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3610:Channel types 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3590:Braided river 3588: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3549: 3544: 3542: 3537: 3535: 3530: 3529: 3526: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3506: 3504: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3490: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3463: 3455: 3449: 3438: 3432: 3424: 3417: 3411: 3409: 3400: 3393: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3374: 3373:www.maine.gov 3367: 3361: 3347: 3343: 3337: 3323: 3319: 3313: 3294: 3293: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3266: 3265:www.fs.fed.us 3262: 3256: 3245: 3240: 3228: 3227: 3220: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3141: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3083: 3067: 3063: 3062: 3057: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3014: 3000: 2996: 2990: 2976:on 2017-07-07 2975: 2971: 2967: 2966:"Watercourse" 2961: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2922: 2914: 2910: 2903: 2887: 2881: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2841: 2837: 2836:"watercourse" 2831: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2798: 2794: 2787: 2781: 2778:Adapted from 2777: 2773: 2770: 2765: 2757: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2722: 2716: 2700: 2694: 2678: 2672: 2656: 2650: 2634: 2628: 2612: 2606: 2590: 2584: 2568: 2562: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2535: 2519: 2513: 2511: 2494: 2488: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2464: 2456: 2450: 2446: 2445: 2437: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2415: 2411: 2404: 2389: 2385: 2379: 2364: 2360: 2354: 2339: 2335: 2329: 2313: 2309: 2303: 2288: 2284: 2278: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2246: 2242: 2239: 2233: 2227: 2220: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2196: 2189: 2178: 2177: 2172: 2166: 2159: 2147: 2143: 2137: 2130: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2104: 2097: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2071: 2064: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2034: 2027: 2015: 2011: 2005: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1986: 1979: 1973: 1965: 1958: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1935: 1933: 1928: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1762: 1760: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1681:invertebrates 1665: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1499: 1490: 1485: 1475: 1473: 1467: 1465: 1455: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1397: 1392: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1340: 1338: 1333: 1323: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1314: 1308: 1299: 1297: 1296: 1285: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1258: 1255: 1249: 1234: 1230: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1207: 1202: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1175: 1170: 1163: 1162:Diamond Ridge 1158: 1153: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1085: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 994: 990: 988: 985: 982: 978: 976: 973: 970: 966: 963: 960: 957: 953: 951: 948: 945: 941: 937: 935: 932: 929: 927: 924: 921: 917: 915: 912: 909: 907: 904: 901: 899: 896: 895: 892: 879: 875: 872: 870:publications. 869: 868:Victorian era 865: 862: 859: 856: 853: 849: 848:Lake District 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 828: 824: 821: 817: 814: 811: 808: 805: 804: 803:chalk streams 799: 795: 794: 789: 788: 784: 781: 777: 773: 772: 768: 765: 761: 758: 757: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 729: 726: 725:Rainbow River 722: 718: 714: 710: 707: 704: 700: 696: 692: 689: 686: 683:comes from a 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 665: 661: 658: 654: 650: 647: 644: 641: 638: 635: 634: 628: 620: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 601:alluvial fans 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 565: 554: 552: 548: 544: 540: 539:body of water 536: 526: 524: 520: 510: 508: 505: 501: 491: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 391: 390:United States 387: 383: 379: 375: 374: 373: 369: 346: 319: 317: 313: 309: 305: 293: 289: 284: 277: 272: 266: 262: 257: 250: 246: 242: 235: 212: 210: 206: 205: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 178:riparian zone 175: 171: 167: 162: 160: 156: 152: 149: 145: 141: 140:precipitation 137: 132: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 95: 94:surface water 91: 87: 79: 75: 71: 64: 59: 52: 47: 39: 33: 26: 22: 4761:Flash floods 4713:River cruise 4610:River sports 4463:Stream gauge 4448:Rouse number 4438:Relief ratio 4287:Flood-meadow 4218:Urban runoff 4132:Fluvial flow 4117:River valley 4087:River island 4052:Meander scar 3967:Alluvial fan 3909:Progradation 3784:Karst spring 3728:Winterbourne 3683:Chalk stream 3659: 3645:River source 3620:Distributary 3558: 3472: 3462: 3448: 3431: 3422: 3398: 3372: 3360: 3349:. Retrieved 3345: 3336: 3325:. Retrieved 3321: 3312: 3300:. Retrieved 3291: 3268:. Retrieved 3264: 3255: 3239: 3225: 3219: 3208:. Retrieved 3204: 3195: 3184:. Retrieved 3170: 3147: 3140: 3117: 3097:the original 3092: 3082: 3070:. Retrieved 3066:the original 3059: 3049: 3041:wap.cnki.net 3040: 3031: 3022: 3013: 3002:. Retrieved 2998: 2989: 2978:. Retrieved 2974:the original 2969: 2960: 2935: 2931: 2921: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2890:. Retrieved 2880: 2869:. Retrieved 2865: 2855: 2844:. Retrieved 2842:. 2016-03-07 2839: 2830: 2819:. Retrieved 2817:. 2022-03-18 2814: 2805: 2796: 2792: 2786: 2779: 2764: 2725:. Retrieved 2715: 2703:. Retrieved 2693: 2681:. Retrieved 2671: 2659:. Retrieved 2649: 2637:. Retrieved 2627: 2615:. Retrieved 2605: 2593:. Retrieved 2583: 2571:. Retrieved 2561: 2544: 2540: 2534: 2522:. Retrieved 2497:. Retrieved 2487: 2463: 2443: 2436: 2409: 2403: 2391:. Retrieved 2387: 2378: 2366:. Retrieved 2362: 2353: 2341:. Retrieved 2337: 2328: 2316:. Retrieved 2311: 2302: 2290:. 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Retrieved 2013: 2004: 1985: 1977: 1972: 1957: 1944: 1917:Winterbourne 1851: 1817: 1786: 1768: 1755: 1726: 1678: 1659: 1653: 1647: 1641: 1627: 1621: 1614: 1603: 1599: 1593: 1588: 1567:winterbourne 1564: 1558:rather than 1543: 1541: 1528: 1522: 1518: 1515:intermittent 1514: 1507:thunderstorm 1504: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1453: 1404: 1400: 1390: 1388: 1363:of southern 1357:Whites Creek 1329: 1317: 1311: 1305: 1293: 1291: 1282: 1272: 1270: 1251: 1231: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1191:infiltration 1179: 1152:River source 1084:Stream gauge 1082: 969:point source 944:Amazon River 939: 873: 863: 857: 831: 825: 815: 809: 801: 793:winterbourne 791: 785: 776:Lincolnshire 769: 759: 737:are used in 734: 730: 721:Silver River 716: 708: 690: 673:Pennsylvania 662: 648: 642: 636: 626: 616: 612: 577:river deltas 568: 564:distributary 562: 560: 557:Distributary 532: 516: 497: 464:Fish Bay Gut 447: 445: 438:through the 349:) or crick ( 325: 303: 301: 288:Macon County 245:Wyming Brook 201: 194:biodiversity 163: 159:spring water 133: 128: 124: 120: 117:intermittent 85: 83: 61:Stream near 4622:Fly fishing 4546:Fish ladder 4531:Daylighting 4250:Flash flood 4213:First flush 4160:Plunge pool 3884:Downcutting 3869:Debris flow 3844:Aggradation 3718:Stream pool 3520:, StreamNet 3302:28 February 2524:26 November 2026:kreek, krik 1776:leaf litter 1742:salamanders 1723:Vertebrates 1705:crustaceans 1697:damselflies 1685:caddisflies 1493:photograph. 1472:water table 1376:Gangi River 1332:stream load 1326:Stream load 1254:first order 1183:evaporation 1176:, Australia 1110:anabranches 1100:Watercourse 906:Bifurcation 747:New England 657:Jones Falls 623:Other names 472:Battery Gut 430:separating 409:New England 386:New Zealand 166:water cycle 155:groundwater 99:within the 4786:Categories 4728:Wild river 4408:Hydrograph 4398:Hack's law 4363:Baer's law 4307:Inundation 4292:Floodplain 4232:stormwater 4190:Whitewater 4062:Oxbow lake 3899:Knickpoint 3874:Deposition 3767:Hot spring 3708:Streamflow 3698:Stream bed 3615:Confluence 3351:2022-12-14 3327:2008-04-24 3270:2020-05-18 3210:2018-05-08 3186:2011-12-11 3061:New Vision 3004:2021-10-14 2980:2017-12-15 2871:2022-04-05 2846:2022-04-05 2821:2022-04-05 2338:iTouch Map 2318:August 14, 2292:August 14, 1924:References 1838:Ohio River 1783:Importance 1759:floodplain 1729:amphibians 1703:and other 1693:stoneflies 1604:Subsequent 1594:Consequent 1482:See also: 1313:oxbow lake 1277:base level 1204:Stream in 1122:or cascade 1075:Streamflow 1061:Stream bed 975:Knickpoint 962:Headwaters 950:Floodplain 926:Confluence 681:New Jersey 605:confluence 541:such as a 460:Guinea Gut 420:salt marsh 236:, wetlands 148:daylighted 121:streamlets 4812:Hydrology 4698:Limnology 4647:Triathlon 4617:Canyoning 4586:Revetment 4516:Check dam 4428:Main stem 4185:Waterfall 4072:Point bar 4057:Mouth bar 3997:Billabong 3944:Water gap 3939:Wash load 3919:Saltation 3839:Anabranch 3762:Holy well 3650:Tributary 3072:31 August 2915:(3): 500. 2892:25 August 2393:August 9, 2368:August 9, 2343:August 9, 2283:"Ash Gut" 2267:August 8, 1861:pipelines 1848:Crossings 1727:Fish and 1628:Insequent 1622:Obsequent 1615:Resequent 1511:monsoonal 1464:ephemeral 1172:Creek in 1120:Waterfall 1055:sediments 1025:turbulent 1013:turbulent 964:or source 940:watershed 844:Old Norse 591:around a 585:flatlands 535:tributary 529:Tributary 504:navigable 378:Australia 326:A creek ( 249:Sheffield 204:hydrology 198:waterways 144:meltwater 80:, Germany 63:Montriond 53:, Finland 4501:Aqueduct 4368:Baseflow 4335:Effluent 4012:Cut bank 3977:Avulsion 3854:Bed load 3834:Abrasion 3477:Archived 3180:Archived 3161:Archived 3131:Archived 2772:Archived 2553:24321406 2472:Archived 2428:46393244 2241:Archived 1993:Archived 1949:Archived 1892:Head cut 1871:See also 1865:railways 1734:tadpoles 1713:bivalves 1701:Crayfish 1689:mayflies 1654:Isolated 1556:Apennine 1552:torrente 1365:Missouri 1337:velocity 1307:Meanders 1273:gradient 1261:Gradient 1195:glaciers 1164:, Alaska 1037:waterway 956:flooding 798:downland 703:Michigan 699:Maryland 677:Delaware 669:New York 655:and the 581:valleyed 507:waterway 436:seawater 405:Maryland 388:and the 292:Illinois 202:surface 186:corridor 25:Rivulets 4678:Aquifer 4671:Related 4627:Rafting 4155:Meander 4150:Log jam 4112:Thalweg 4017:Estuary 3889:Erosion 3826:erosion 3738:Springs 3693:Current 3660:Streams 3600:Channel 3563:springs 3559:streams 3232:. 2018. 2940:Bibcode 2363:Geoview 2201:"creek" 2171:"creek" 2142:"creek" 2076:"creek" 2039:"crick" 2010:"creek" 1964:"River" 1660:Perched 1642:Gaining 1618:stream. 1573:in the 1548:Italian 1544:torrent 1535:of the 1533:deserts 1302:Meander 1288:Profile 1242:Ranking 1206:Alberta 1146:Sources 1127:stratum 1093:Thalweg 993:estuary 983:occurs. 920:erosion 914:Channel 864:Rivulet 780:Cumbria 713:Florida 617:channel 567:, or a 486:of the 478:in the 468:Cob Gut 456:Ash Gut 452:The Gut 395:In the 174:habitat 109:channel 97:flowing 4817:Rivers 4473:WAFLEX 4345:Sewage 4228:Floods 4170:Riffle 4165:Rapids 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