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31:
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projects are undertaken to restore a native ecological system disturbed by economic development or other events, they may be historically inaccurate, incomplete, or pay little or no attention to ecotype accuracy or type conversions. They may fail to restore the original ecological system by
104:. Species do naturally appear, reproduce, and endure, or become extinct, and their distribution is rarely static or confined to a particular geographic location. Moreover, the distinction between native and non-native as being tied to a local occurrence during
230:, and community composition. Besides ecological damage, these species can also damage agriculture, infrastructure, and cultural assets. Government agencies and environmental groups are directing increasing resources to addressing these species.
225:
species to new locations for cultivation, or transport them by accident, some of them may become invasive species, damaging native communities. Invasive species can have profound effects on ecosystems by changing ecosystem structure, function,
274:
overlooking the basics of remediation. Attention paid to the historical distribution of native species is a crucial first step to ensure the ecological integrity of the project. For example, to prevent erosion of the recontoured sand
87:
The notion of nativity is often a blurred concept, as it is a function of both time and political boundaries. Over long periods of time, local conditions and migratory patterns are constantly changing as
127:
found in a particular place. A native species may occur in areas other than the one under consideration. The terms endemic and native also do not imply that an organism necessarily first originated or
174:, and the pollinating animal may also be dependent on that plant species for a food source. Many species have adapted to very limited, unusual, or harsh conditions, such as cold climates or frequent
100:) changes sea level, ice cover, temperature, and rainfall, driving direct changes in habitability and indirect changes through the presence of predators, competitors, food sources, and even
214:
history, on varying time scales ranging from days to decades (Long, 1981; Vermeij, 1991). Humans are moving species across the globe at an unprecedented rate. Those working to address
297:
became an endangered species. The El
Segundo blue butterfly population, which had once extended over 3200 acres along the coastal dunes from Ocean Park to Malaga Cove in
832:
817:
Travis
Longcore, Rudi Mattoni, Gordon Pratt, and Catherine Rich, "On the perils of ecological restoration and the El Segundo blue butterfly", in press, for
658:"Point Reyes National Seashore, Drakes Estero, A Sheltered Wilderness Estuary", National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, p. 16.
80:
introduced. If an introduced species causes substantial ecological, environmental, and/or economic damage, it may be regarded more specifically as an
329:
56:
if its presence in that region is the result of only local natural evolution (though often popularised as "with no human intervention") during
867:
792:
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with other specific flora, fauna, fungi, and other organisms. For example, some plant species can only reproduce with a continued
868:""California's butterflies: The El Segundo Blue", Quino Checkerspot Captive Breeding Program, Vista Murrieta High School. O line"
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77:
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17:
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stabilized the backdunes with a "natural" seed mix (Mattoni 1989a). Unfortunately, the seed mix was representative of
108:
times has been criticised as lacking perspective, and a case was made for more graded categorisations such as that of
749:
722:
483:
458:
279:
843:
929:
621:"Native plant species show evolutionary responses to invasion by Parthenium hysterophorus in an African savanna"
93:
934:
657:
501:"Nativeness is not binary—a graduated terminology for native and non‐native species in the Anthropocene"
837:
CD - ROM Version 1 (May 2005). Portland, OR: The Xerces
Society for Invertebrate Conservation. (2005)"
553:
291:
833:"Black, S. H., and D. M. Vaughan, "Species profile: Euphilotes battoides allyni, El Segundo Blue",
243:
451:
Conservation for the
Anthropocene Ocean: Interdisciplinary Science in Support of Nature and People
257:
Many books have been written on the subject of planting native plants in home gardens. The use of
558:
476:
A New
Approach to Conservation: The Importance of the Individual through Wildlife Rehabilitation
302:
298:
270:
163:
924:
566:
374:
290:, an exogenous plant community, instead of the native dune scrub community. As a result, the
101:
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396:
251:
871:
139:
8:
167:
40:): native to western North America but introduced and invasive in several areas worldwide
36:
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derived from native species is a widely disputed practice among native plant advocates.
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69:
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The diversity of species across many parts of the world exists only because
178:. Others can live in diverse areas or adapt well to different surroundings.
768:
Nature's Best Hope: A New
Approach to Conservation That Starts in Your Yard
669:
45:
283:
171:
898:
Inheritors of the Earth: How Nature Is
Thriving in an Age of Extinction
595:
Bringing Nature Home: How Native Plants
Sustain Wildlife in Our Gardens
112:, which occurred in a region during prehistory but have since suffered
741:
The
Landscaping Revolution: Garden With Mother Nature, Not Against Her
636:
516:
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was uprooted so that the butterflies' original native plant host, the
211:
187:
128:
53:
258:
203:
175:
120:
819:
2nd
Interface Between Ecology and Land Development in California.
105:
57:
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encourage the use of native plants. The identification of local
207:
199:
191:
155:
30:
690:
210:. Humans can introduce species that have never met in their
275:
714:
Noah's Garden: Restoring the Ecology of Our Own Back Yards
499:
Lemoine, Rhys T.; Svenning, Jens‐Christian (2022-03-03).
264:
195:
119:
A native species in a location is not necessarily also
27:
Species indigenous to a given area in geologic time
546:
218:view this as an increased risk to native species.
545:
916:
835:Red List of Pollinator Insects of North America.
181:
895:
498:
190:are separated by barriers, particularly large
821:Occidental College, April 18-19, 1997 Online.
233:
793:""Nativars" Courtesy of Watermarkwoods.com"
758:
731:
585:
417:
60:. The term is equivalent to the concept of
573:
449:Levin, Phillip S; Poe, Melissa R. (2017).
68:species. A wild organism (as opposed to a
704:
539:
467:
389:
330:List of Australian plants termed "native"
737:
448:
442:
138:
29:
764:
591:
315:could regain some of its lost habitat.
238:Native plant organizations such as the
14:
917:
473:
265:Importance of nativity in conservation
123:to that location. Endemic species are
710:
691:"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center"
618:
301:, began to recover when the invasive
567:participating institution membership
367:
162:Native species form communities and
342:
248:Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
52:is indigenous to a given region or
24:
889:
240:Society for Ecological Restoration
170:interaction with a certain animal
25:
951:
738:Wasowski, Andy and Sally (2000).
280:Los Angeles International Airport
580:Indigenous, Aliens and Invasives
254:provides a basis for this work.
158:and found nowhere else (endemic)
116:there due to human involvement.
76:within the regions where it was
860:
825:
810:
785:
683:
662:
651:
612:
492:
402:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
13:
1:
335:
295:(Euphilotes battoides allyni)
182:Human impact and intervention
131:where it is currently found.
765:Tallamy, Douglas W. (2020).
592:Tallamy, Douglas W. (2007).
377:. University of Rhode Island
352:. 2008-05-15. Archived from
7:
318:
278:at the western edge of the
98:human-caused climate change
96:(which is much slower than
10:
956:
619:Oduor, Ayub M. O. (2022).
242:, native plant societies,
134:
554:Oxford English Dictionary
375:"What are native plants?"
292:El Segundo blue butterfly
234:Conservation and advocacy
72:organism) is known as an
896:Chris D. Thomas (2017).
670:"Native Plant Societies"
313:(Eriogonum parvifolium),
306:(Eriogonum fasciculatum)
559:Oxford University Press
350:"Executive Order 13112"
164:biological interactions
92:move, join, and split.
930:Ecological restoration
744:. Contemporary Books.
271:ecological restoration
159:
94:Natural climate change
41:
474:Aitken, Gill (2018).
252:remnant natural areas
142:
34:Large-leaved lupine (
33:
717:. Houghton-Mifflin.
711:Stein, Sara (1993).
425:"Introduced species"
303:California buckwheat
148:Clinotarsus curtipes
18:Indigenous (ecology)
935:Ecology terminology
557:(Online ed.).
505:Restoration Ecology
150:) is native to the
110:prehistoric natives
37:Lupinus polyphyllus
453:. Academic Press.
325:Introduced species
288:coastal sage scrub
160:
74:introduced species
42:
900:. PublicAffairs.
637:10.1111/nph.17574
605:978-0-88192-854-9
565:(Subscription or
517:10.1111/rec.13636
405:. Merriam-Webster
228:species abundance
78:anthropogenically
16:(Redirected from
947:
911:
883:
882:
880:
879:
870:. Archived from
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842:. Archived from
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795:. Archived from
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771:. Timber Press.
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693:. Wildflower.org
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216:invasive species
114:local extinction
82:invasive species
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90:tectonic plates
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631:(2): 983–994.
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356:on 15 May 2008
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310:dune buckwheat
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144:Bicolored frog
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50:native species
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925:Biogeography
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876:. Retrieved
872:the original
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801:. Retrieved
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354:the original
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299:Palos Verdes
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70:domesticated
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46:biogeography
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672:. nanps.org
582:Envirofacts
434:26 December
284:landscapers
168:mutualistic
125:exclusively
919:Categories
878:2013-09-29
853:2013-09-29
803:2014-07-09
697:2012-07-09
676:2018-09-23
569:required.)
409:16 January
381:16 January
360:2022-07-09
336:References
221:As humans
188:bioregions
172:pollinator
106:historical
62:indigenous
645:0028-646X
548:"Endemic"
533:246251260
525:1061-2971
282:in 1975,
259:cultivars
244:Wild Ones
223:introduce
204:mountains
176:wildfires
54:ecosystem
319:See also
940:Habitat
208:deserts
135:Ecology
129:evolved
121:endemic
58:history
904:
775:
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643:
602:
531:
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482:
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246:, and
206:, and
200:oceans
192:rivers
847:(PDF)
840:(PDF)
563:
529:S2CID
511:(8).
276:dunes
269:When
156:India
902:ISBN
773:ISBN
746:ISBN
719:ISBN
641:ISSN
600:ISBN
521:ISSN
480:ISBN
455:ISBN
436:2017
411:2019
383:2019
196:seas
48:, a
633:doi
629:233
513:doi
154:of
64:or
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146:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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