44:
442:"We know of Yahya ibn Khalid al-Barmaki (d. 805) as a patron of physicians and, specifically, of the translation of Hindu medical works into both Arabic and Persian. In all likelihood however, his activity took place in the orbit of the caliphal court in Iraq , where at the behest of Hārūn al-Rashīd (786–809), such books were translated into Arabic. Thus Khurāsān and Transoxiana were effectively bypassed in this transfer of learning from India to Islam, even though, undeniably the Barmakī's cultural outlook owed something to their land of origin, northern khurasan, and Yahya al-Barmakī's interest in medicine may have derived from no longer identifiable family tradition."
569:. In order that these two might be with him continuously without breach of the restrictions on women, he persuaded them to contract a purely formal marriage. This marriage was on condition the two would meet only in his presence, and never produce an heir. This condition was broken, and when Harun learned that ʿAbbāsa had borne a son, he had Jafar suddenly arrested and beheaded, and the rest of the family, except Yahya's brother Muḥammad, also imprisoned and deprived of their property. However, these claims lack credibility as they are unconvincing legends, fake stories and fiction that has no basis whatsoever. In reality, after the death of Abbasa's first husband
226:, the name Barmak was not a name but a title of the high priest of the fire temple of the city, though recent research makes it certain that it was a Buddhist title changed to look more Iranian. His wife was enslaved during the battle for Balkh in 705 and given to the Arab general's brother 'Abd-Ullah. Their sexual relation produced a son known as Khalid, whom 'Abd-Ullah later acknowledged as his natural son. She was later restored to her husband after peace was reached. Barmak had also been summoned to cure Caliph
2276:
656:
457:
729:). The long neck which Barmakids possessed is said to have been responsible for the introduction of the custom of wearing high collars. The first extant Arabic report on India was prepared under the directions of Yahya ibn Barmak by his envoy. The Barmakids invited several scholars and physicians from everywhere in the caliphate to the court of Abbasids. During the
296:) This department was concerned with Taxation and Land Tenure. Genuine budgets began to be drawn up for the first time and offices sprang up for various departments. The extensive staff of officials engaged in correspondence with the provinces and prepared estimates and accounts. An influential stratum of officialdom, the Irano-Islamic class of secretaries (
1478:
Barmakids, a
Persian family who had converted to Islam from Buddhism." Liyakatali Takim, "The heirs of the prophet: charisma and religious authority in Shi'ite Islam ", SUNY Press, 2006. pg 51: "The Barmakids were a Persian family of secretaries and wazirs who served the early 'Abbassid caliphs in different administrative capacities."
195:
priests before converting to Islam, an erroneous view based on the fact that Balkh was known as an important centre of
Zoroastrianism, or from a simple failure of early Islamic sources to distinguish Zoroastrians from Buddhists. In fact, the Barmakids descended from the chiefs, or administrators of
604:
in Persia and called for rule by himself in place of Hārūn. Many people followed him, and he became strong enough to threaten Hārūn. Hārūn captured him, and placed him in house arrest in the custody of
Barmakid al-Fadl ibn Yahya. However, al-Fadl ibn Yahya instead connived at Yahya ibn Abdullah's
1477:
dynasty ruled with the help of the
Barmakids, a prominent Persian family from Balkh who, before their conversion, had been priests in the Buddhist monastery of Nawbahar." Josef W. Meri, Jere L. Bacharach, "Medieval Islamic Civilization: L-Z, index", Taylor & Francis, 2006. pg 855: "The
612:
The
Barmakid army. Although technically this army of 50,000 men was under the Caliph, in reality, it was controlled by al-Fadl ibn Yahya. During the last days of Barmakid power, al-Fadl brought 20,000 men to Baghdad as the Karnabiya Legion. This made Harun very wary of their
585:
The
Barmakids' monetary extravagance, so that in displays of wealth they overshadowed Hārun himself. It has been said that Yahya ibn Khalid had gold tiles on the wall of his mansion, and Jafar ibn Yahya's mansion cost twenty million dirhams. Hārun became upset on a tour of
289:(714–775). He had risen to be the vizier, following death of Abu Salma and Abul Jahm. Khalid was on such intimate terms with al-Saffah that his daughter was nursed by the wife of the Caliph. Likewise, Caliph's daughter was nursed by Khalid's wife.
208:. Harold Bailey proposed that the name of the Barmakids may derive from the Sanskrit word प्रमुख Pramukha, meaning “leader,” although the theory is subject of debate. The Barmakids are also suggested to have been of Kashmiri Buddhist descent.
246:
states that it isn't known when or where the Barmak died, nor is his conversion certain, despite al-Kirmani's account. al-Kirmani states that he may have retained his faith as his son Khalid's beliefs were suspect, according to
716:
A number of canals, mosques and other public works owe their existence to the initiative and munificence of the
Barmakids. Al Fadl ibn Yahya is credited with introducing the use of lamps in the mosques during the holy month of
553:
In 803, the family lost favor in the eyes of Harun al-Rashīd, and many of its members were imprisoned. The decision came as sudden to many. However, Harun ar-Rashid is also reported to have given orders to his sahib-al-shurta
43:
211:
The
Barmakids were highly educated, respected and influential throughout Arabia, Persia, Central Asia and the Levant. In Baghdad, the Barmakid court became a centre of patronage for the
1461:
Due to the recent clarifications of van Bladel, we now know that the frequent references in older literature to the
Barmakids being Persian or Zoroastrian are imprecise. See, e.g.,
420:
of the sciences, which greatly helped the propagation of
Iranian science and scholarship into the Islamic world of Baghdad and beyond. They patronized scholars such as
218:
The first member of the family whose identity is known in historical records was a physician of Balkh. He is reputed for a pill named after him and also recommended by
597:, an official very close to Hārun. He persuaded Hārūn to assign spies to watch them, and that is how Hārūn found out about the escape of Yahya ibn Abdullah al-Talibi.
3031:
721:. They are also credited with the establishment of the first paper mill in Baghdad. Jafar ibn Yahya acquired great fame for eloquence, literary activity, and
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1139:
1751:
The History of al-Tabari Vol. 23: The Zenith of the Marwanid House: The Last Years of 'Abd al-Malik and The Caliphate of al-Walid A.D. 700-715/A.H. 81-96
581:
Al-Tabari and Ibn Khaldūn mentioned completely other different reasons ensuring that their decline was gradual and not sudden. These other reasons are:
3026:
2382:
1885:
The History of al-Ṭabarī Vol. 30: The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in Equilibrium: The Caliphates of Mūsā al-Hādī and Hārūn al-Rashīd A.D. 785-809/A.H. 169-193
1251:
3128:
773:
725:. Hitti argues that chiefly because of him, Arab historians regard the Barmakids as the founders of the class designated as 'people of the pen' (
263:
Nizak, being killed along with his ten sons. Khalid was born a Buddhist and later converted to Islam, taking various ministerial jobs within the
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in the seventh century which may have led to the Persian and Arabic error of thinking that the term "Nowbahār" was the name of a Zoroastrian
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Outside the city, towards the south-west, there is a convent called Navasaṅghārāma , which was built by a former king of this country.
2319:
3118:
329:, Khalid, through a mix of firmness and justice, brought the province quickly into order and effectively curbed the unruly Kurds.
314:(land tax) which took account not only of the quality of the land but of the produce of the crops sown, made the officials of the
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2390:
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in Persian), was formed which considered itself as the main support of the state. Their knowledge of the complex system of the
196:
the Buddhist monastery called Navavihāra (Skt. नवविहार) or "New Monastery", that was described by the Chinese Buddhist diarist
2707:
2149:
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1465:, Cyril Glassé (ed.), The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, revised ed., 2003,
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1402:
521:
620:, sent a letter to Hārun reporting unrest in his province, which he blamed on Musa ibn Yahya, another brother of Jafar.
255:
records that his father had to abandon Islam after converting due to pressure from local magnates as well as people of
493:
438:; the vizier Ja'far appears in several stories, as well as a tale that gave rise to the expression "Barmecide feast".
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1991:
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The Barmakids were remarkable for their majesty, splendor and hospitality. They are mentioned in some stories of the
685:
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267:. The Buddhist ancestry of Barmakids seems to have stimulated interest in Indian sciences in the eighth century.
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1936:
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681:
478:
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Harold Bailey, 1943. "Iranica" BSOAS 11: p. 2. India - Department of Archaeology, and V. S. Mirashi (ed.),
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1778:. Centre for the Study of the Civilizations of Central Asia, Quaid-i-Azam University. 1980. p. 141.
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2177:
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1724:
A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate: From the Earliest Times Until the Year A.D. 1932
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A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate: From the Earliest Times Until the Year A.D. 1932
677:
474:
155:
489:
318:; the guardians of knowledge which was inaccessible to the uninitiated and was passed by inheritance.
242:
who increased his status and was impressed by him. He then became a Muslim and enjoyed a high status.
3123:
3091:
1607:
Si-yu-ki, Buddhist Records of the Western World, Translated from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang (AD 629)
558:
of confiscation of Barmakid properties one year before the events, implying it to be planned action.
205:
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History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Part 2 By C. E. Bosworth, M.S.Asimov, page 300
234:
in 705. Abu Hafs 'Umar al-Kirmani's account narrates that the Barmak was brought among a party of
191:(Northern Afghanistan). Historians of Islam have sometimes considered the Barmakids to have been
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According to Rit Nosotro, Harun al-Rashīd found his chief pleasure in the society of his sister
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Khalid al-Barmaki (705–782) occupied distinguished positions under first two Abbasid Caliphs,
2227:
2144:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
1981:
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1722:
1695:
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590:: whenever he saw an impressive house or mansion, he was told it belonged to the Barmakids.
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headed by the Barmakids as reported in Islamic sources. The Pramukhas converted during the
8:
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The fall of the Iranian Barmakids did not, however, affect the prominent position of the
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The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXIX: Al-Mansūr and al-Mahdī, A.D. 763–786/A.H. 146–169
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1814:
1806:
1789:
C. Edmund, Bosworth (1994). "Abū Ḥafṣ 'Umar al-Kirmānī and the Rise of the Barmakids".
1577:
Alai Ibn Anjab Ibn Al-Saaai; Shawkat M. Toorawa; Julia Bray; Ibn al-Sai (15 May 2015).
1463:"Barmakids." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 4 June 2007
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in capturing the throne and rose to power as the most powerful man in the Caliphate.
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The Yahya ibn Abdullah al-Talibi incident. In AH 176, Yahya ibn Abdullah went to
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745:. On 30 July 763, the caliph Al Mansur concluded the construction of the city.
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Under Abbasid regime Khalid rose to the headship of the department of Finance (
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The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
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158:) of Al Saffah, the first Caliph of the Abbasid dynasty. His son Yahya aided
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Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
1437:, which is named after the Barmakids, is a neighborhood and district in the
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in addition to a scent which was widely used by prostitutes. According to
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201:
192:
184:
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2300:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 407.
429:
322:
1835:
Buddhism in Iran: An Anthropological Approach to Traces and Influences
1810:
432:
in Baghdad. The power of the Barmakids in those times is reflected in
2879:
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2108:. Translated by Ethel Broido. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2099:
573:, her brother Harun Al-Rashid arranged the marriage of his sister to
386:
286:
282:
223:
143:
monastery), and subsequently came to great political power under the
1610:. Vol. 1. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner. pp. 44 ff.
655:
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reflects on the suppression by Hārun even of their name in her poem
456:
325:, where he crushed a dangerous uprising. During his governorship of
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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349:(775-85) with the education of his son, Harun, the future Caliph
304:
260:
144:
1670:
Sudden Appearances: The Mongol Turn in Commerce, Belief, and Art
2731:
2597:
1888:. State University of New York Press. 2015-06-29. p. 218.
601:
417:
310:
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238:(thought to be slaves or retainers) and honored by the Caliph
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1624:
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428:. They are also credited with the establishment of the first
421:
369:(767–803), both occupied high offices under Harun al-Rashid.
212:
188:
132:
54:
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1648:
447:
Loss of support at the Abbasid court and execution of Jafar
1617:
1551:
1980:
Hovannisian, Richard G.; Sabagh, Georges (1998-11-19).
1857:
1855:
1747:
1580:
Consorts of the Caliphs: Women and the Court of Baghdad
1534:
Persian Historiography: History of Persian Literature A
321:
In 765, Khalid al-Barmaki received the governorship of
605:
escape from Baghdad. The Caliph considered that to be
1636:
741:
there. Khalid was later in charge of the building of
372:
1852:
2236:
Islam and Tibet: Interactions along the Musk Routes
481:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
413:(767–803), both occupied high offices under Harun.
2244:
2196:
2130:(in Arabic) (4th ed.). Cairo: al-Dar Ma'arif.
2046:
1570:
1531:Yarshater, Ehsan; Melville, Charles (2012-01-30).
1371:
377:The Barmakid family was an early supporter of the
1979:
1937:"The Legacy of the Barmaki Wazirs Under Abbasids"
1530:
27:Influential Iranian family of Harun al-Rashid era
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2334:
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179:The family is traceable back to the hereditary
154:, the son of Barmak became the chief minister (
3009:Two Years Eight Months and Twenty-Eight Nights
2194:
2124:Ibn Qutaybah, Abu Muhammad Abdallah ibn Muslim
2320:
767:
2954:The Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade
2122:
1967:
1720:
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628:in the Abbasid court, which continued until
183:administrators of the Buddhist monastery of
2363:The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night
2086:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1033–1036.
1673:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 135.
1411:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1033–1036.
684:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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2228:"The Bactrian Background of the Barmakids"
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2078:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
2029:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1727:. Cambridge University Press. p. 80.
1700:. Cambridge University Press. p. 80.
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1403:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
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760:
1983:The Persian Presence in the Islamic World
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704:Learn how and when to remove this message
541:Learn how and when to remove this message
2286:
2234:; Burnett, C.; Yoeli-Tlalim, R. (eds.).
2017:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 8
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135:, where they were originally hereditary
2391:Abu al-Husn and His Slave-Girl Tawaddud
2195:Sajjadi, Sadeq; Gholami, Rahim (2013).
2134:
1959:
1908:
1503:Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era
435:The Book of One Thousand and One Nights
91:Declined during Harun al-Rashid's reign
14:
3129:One Thousand and One Nights characters
3106:
3001:The Last Voyage of Somebody the Sailor
616:The Governor of Khurasan at the time,
397:(d. 806) was the vizier of the caliph
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2426:The Sisters Envious of Their Cadette
2371:Le livre des mille nuits et une nuit
1776:Journal of Central Asia, Volumes 3-4
1603:
1497:
1495:
682:adding citations to reliable sources
649:
479:adding citations to reliable sources
450:
393:considerable influence, and his son
270:
206:Arab invasion of the Sasanian Empire
2947:Recollections of the Arabian Nights
2098:
1963:
1838:. Springer Publishing. p. 96.
332:
117:
106:
24:
2238:. London: Ashgate. pp. 43–88.
1962:, pp. 40 n. 92, 102 n. 315;
373:Influence under the early Abbasids
341:(d. 806), at one time Governor of
25:
3145:
1492:
2274:
2253:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
2164:"The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in Iran"
2126:(n.d.). Ukashah, Tharwat (ed.).
2105:A History of Palestine, 634–1099
1748:transl. by Martin Hinds (2010).
1509:, 1955, pp. clxx, 612, 614, 616.
654:
455:
42:
3119:Converts to Islam from Buddhism
2636:The Adventures of Prince Achmed
1973:
1953:
1929:
1902:
1876:
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1782:
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1687:
1660:
466:needs additional citations for
416:Many Barmakids were among many
2401:Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves
2261:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
1986:. Cambridge University Press.
1597:
1524:
1507:Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum
1455:
748:
640:The Mourner for the Barmecides
405:(ruled 786–809). Yahya's sons
13:
1:
2797:Scooby-Doo! in Arabian Nights
2211:Encyclopaedia Islamica Online
2019:. New York. pp. 806–809.
1485:
571:Muhammad ibn Sulayman ibn Ali
401:(ruled 775–785) and tutor of
3027:Stories (Burton translation)
2977:The Eighth Voyage of Sindbad
1583:. NYU Press. pp. 162–.
1473:, Excerpt from: pg 6: "The '
782:Family tree of the Barmakids
731:Caliphate campaigns in India
7:
2517:Ma'n ibn Za'ida al-Shaybani
2411:The Fisherman and the Jinni
2337:One Thousand and One Nights
1754:. SUNY Press. p. 129.
1631:Barthold & Sourdel 1960
1519:Barthold & Sourdel 1960
168:One Thousand and One Nights
10:
3150:
2243:van Bladel, Kevin (2012).
2226:van Bladel, Kevin (2011).
2178:Cambridge University Press
2004:
345:, was entrusted by Caliph
274:
215:, poets, scholars alike.
174:
3092:The Thief and the Cobbler
3040:
3019:
2938:
2907:
2897:Mârouf, savetier du Caire
2838:
2831:
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2708:A Thousand and One Nights
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1803:10.1017/S0041977X0002485X
1667:Prazniak, Roxann (2019).
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1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
988:
986:
984:
978:
974:
972:
970:
966:
901:
899:
897:
891:
889:
887:
879:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
859:
645:
259:and was even attacked by
87:
76:
68:
50:
41:
32:
1448:
244:Clifford Edmund Bosworth
35:
3134:Buddhism in Afghanistan
2993:Arabian Nights and Days
2553:Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
2297:Encyclopædia Britannica
240:Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
2872:Der Barbier von Bagdad
2355:Les mille et une nuits
2259:Encyclopaedia of Islam
444:
127:, were an influential
1909:Nosotro, Rit (2003),
1721:Cyril Elgood (2010).
1694:Cyril Elgood (2010).
739:Mansura (Brahmanabad)
642:, published in 1826.
618:Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan
440:
2724:The Thief of Baghdad
2692:The Thief of Baghdad
2603:Zubaidah bint Ja'far
678:improve this section
595:al-Fadl ibn al-Rabi'
565:and Barmakid prince
475:improve this article
426:Jabril ibn Bukhtishu
3032:Works influenced by
2847:Le calife de Bagdad
2676:The Thief of Bagdad
2644:The Thief of Bagdad
2628:The Thief of Bagdad
2558:Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf
2441:Ahmed and Paribanou
556:al-Sindi ibn Shahak
381:revolt against the
187:(Nawbahar) west of
2961:New Arabian Nights
2700:Baghdad Gaja Donga
2578:Ibrahim al-Mawsili
2522:Sayf ibn Dhi Yazan
2481:Old Man of the Sea
2249:. In Fleet, Kate;
2180:. pp. 57–90.
2061:Lévi-Provençal, E.
2011:Abbas, I. (1988).
1832:M. Vaziri (2012).
1386:Lévi-Provençal, E.
737:built the city of
357:al-Fadl and Ja'far
3101:
3100:
2934:
2933:
2776:
2775:
2668:La Rosa di Bagdad
2611:
2610:
2491:Sinbad the Sailor
2421:Sinbad the Sailor
2203:Madelung, Wilferd
2151:978-0-7914-0142-2
2025:cite encyclopedia
1968:Ibn Qutaybah n.d.
1895:978-0-7914-9719-7
1680:978-0-8248-7808-5
1657:, pp. 68–69.
1604:Beal, S. (1884).
1590:978-1-4798-5098-3
1567:, pp. 43–88.
1427:
1426:
1421:
1354:
1353:
735:Khalid ibn Barmak
714:
713:
706:
593:The hostility of
575:Ibrahim ibn Salih
551:
550:
543:
525:
391:Khalid bin Barmak
327:Upper Mesopotamia
277:Khalid ibn Barmak
271:Khalid al-Barmaki
265:Abbasid Caliphate
95:
94:
63:Abbasid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
3141:
3124:Muslim dynasties
2836:
2835:
2813:Thief of Baghdad
2684:Baghdad Thirudan
2620:
2619:
2588:Ja'far ibn Yahya
2583:Ishaq al-Mawsili
2456:
2455:
2431:The Three Apples
2329:
2322:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2270:
2248:
2239:
2222:
2213:. Brill Online.
2200:
2191:
2168:Frye, Richard N.
2155:
2131:
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2050:
2034:
2028:
2020:
1998:
1997:
1977:
1971:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1915:, archived from
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1548:
1528:
1522:
1516:
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1499:
1479:
1459:
1441:municipality of
1420:
1375:
1358:
790:
789:
776:
769:
762:
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709:
702:
698:
695:
689:
658:
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546:
539:
535:
532:
526:
524:
483:
459:
451:
395:Yahya ibn Khalid
339:Yahya ibn Khalid
333:Yahya ibn Khalid
139:leaders (in the
123:), also spelled
119:
108:
72:Vizier, Governor
46:
30:
29:
21:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3140:
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3138:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3036:
3015:
2969:Slaves of Sleep
2930:
2903:
2827:
2772:
2746:
2660:Baghdad Ka Chor
2607:
2573:Harun al-Rashid
2536:
2527:Shaddad ibn 'Ad
2495:
2445:
2416:Hassan of Basra
2406:The Ebony Horse
2377:
2340:
2333:
2290:, ed. (1911). "
2275:
2273:
2255:Rowson, Everett
2207:Daftary, Farhad
2188:
2160:Mottahedeh, Roy
2152:
2116:
2022:
2021:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1978:
1974:
1966:, p. 284;
1958:
1954:
1945:
1943:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1922:
1920:
1912:Harun al'Rashid
1907:
1903:
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1715:
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1692:
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1681:
1665:
1661:
1655:van Bladel 2011
1653:
1649:
1643:van Bladel 2012
1641:
1637:
1629:
1618:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1575:
1571:
1565:van Bladel 2011
1563:
1552:
1545:
1529:
1525:
1521:, p. 1033.
1517:
1513:
1500:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1432:
1362:
1355:
1337:Ahmad ("Jahza")
783:
780:
751:
710:
699:
693:
690:
675:
659:
648:
580:
567:Jafar bin Yahya
547:
536:
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484:
482:
472:
460:
449:
403:Harun al-Rashid
375:
359:
335:
316:diwan al-Kharaj
294:diwan al-Kharaj
279:
273:
177:
160:Harun al-Rashid
37:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2826:
2825:
2817:
2809:
2805:Arabian Nights
2801:
2793:
2784:
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2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2740:Arabian Nights
2736:
2728:
2720:
2716:Arabian Nights
2712:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2652:Arabian Nights
2648:
2640:
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2309:
2303:
2302:
2288:Chisholm, Hugh
2271:
2251:Krämer, Gudrun
2240:
2223:
2192:
2186:
2156:
2150:
2138:, ed. (1990).
2132:
2120:
2114:
2096:
2057:Kramers, J. H.
2053:Gibb, H. A. R.
2035:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1972:
1970:, p. 380.
1952:
1928:
1901:
1894:
1875:
1866:
1851:
1844:
1824:
1797:(2): 268–282.
1781:
1767:
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1713:
1706:
1686:
1679:
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1596:
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1569:
1550:
1543:
1537:. I.B.Tauris.
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1511:
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1480:
1453:
1452:
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1447:
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1423:
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1382:Kramers, J. H.
1378:Gibb, H. A. R.
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764:
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747:
712:
711:
662:
660:
653:
647:
644:
636:Felicia Hemans
622:
621:
614:
610:
598:
591:
549:
548:
463:
461:
454:
448:
445:
374:
371:
365:(766–808) and
358:
355:
337:Khalid's son,
334:
331:
285:(722–754) and
275:Main article:
272:
269:
176:
173:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
78:
74:
73:
70:
66:
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52:
51:Current region
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39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3146:
3135:
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2919:Op. 35 (1888)
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2476:Badroulbadour
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2283:public domain
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2176:. Cambridge:
2175:
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2136:Kennedy, Hugh
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2048:"al-Barāmika"
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2032:
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2018:
2014:
2009:
2008:
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1993:9780521591850
1989:
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1919:on 2009-12-27
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1373:"al-Barāmika"
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492: –
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464:This article
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3063:Magic carpet
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2916:Scheherazade
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2507:Hatim al-Tai
2486:Scheherazade
2369:
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2346:Translations
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2039:Barthold, W.
2016:
1982:
1975:
1960:Kennedy 1990
1955:
1944:. Retrieved
1940:
1931:
1921:, retrieved
1917:the original
1911:
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1364:Barthold, W.
1359:
727:ahl al-qalam
726:
715:
700:
691:
676:Please help
664:
639:
634:
623:
607:high treason
579:
560:
552:
537:
528:
518:
511:
504:
497:
485:
473:Please help
468:verification
465:
441:
433:
415:
389:. This gave
376:
360:
336:
320:
315:
309:
303:
297:
293:
291:
280:
253:Ibn al-Faqih
235:
228:Abd al-Malik
217:
210:
178:
166:
164:
150:of Baghdad.
131:family from
124:
121:al-Barāmikah
120:
109:
98:
96:
83:(originally)
3086:(franchise)
3068:Open sesame
2985:Dunyazadiad
2927:(1918–1919)
2865:(Cherubini)
2821:1001 Nights
2816:(2000–2001)
2792:(1993–1997)
2436:Abou Hassan
2374:(1926–1932)
2366:(1885–1888)
2358:(1704–1717)
2246:"Barmakids"
2198:"Barmakids"
2073:Pellat, Ch.
2065:Schacht, J.
2043:Sourdel, D.
2013:"Barmakids"
1398:Pellat, Ch.
1390:Schacht, J.
1368:Sourdel, D.
749:Family tree
723:calligraphy
613:intentions.
490:"Barmakids"
302:in Arabic,
257:Tukharistan
249:Ibn 'Asakir
202:fire temple
193:Zoroastrian
185:Nava Vihāra
88:Dissolution
3108:Categories
3073:Roc (rukh)
2939:Literature
2855:Abu Hassan
2789:Alif Laila
2781:Television
2593:Khosrow II
2541:Historical
2451:Characters
2292:Barmecides
2232:Akasoy, A.
2128:Al-Ma'arif
2100:Gil, Moshe
1946:2024-05-20
1923:2009-12-27
1505:vol. 4 of
1486:References
694:April 2012
501:newspapers
430:paper mill
323:Tabaristan
236:shakirriya
125:Barmecides
110:Barmakiyân
77:Traditions
3114:Barmakids
2880:La statue
2751:Templates
2563:Al-Ma'mun
2548:Abu Nuwas
2500:Legendary
2459:Fictional
2267:1873-9830
2219:1875-9831
2102:(1997) .
2092:495469456
2082:Volume I:
2069:Lewis, B.
1941:kn-ow.com
1819:162613546
1417:495469456
1407:Volume I:
1394:Lewis, B.
665:does not
531:June 2018
387:As-Saffah
351:al-Rashid
287:al-Mansur
283:al-Saffah
224:al-Masudi
99:Barmakids
33:Barmakids
3078:Shahrokh
2956:" (1845)
2949:" (1830)
2890:(Lecocq)
2888:Ali-Baba
2863:Ali Baba
2768:Ali Baba
2471:Ali Baba
2257:(eds.).
2209:(eds.).
2162:(1975).
2075:(eds.).
2045:(1960).
1964:Gil 1997
1443:Damascus
1435:Baramkeh
1400:(eds.).
1370:(1960).
1241:al-Abbas
1140:Muhammad
1021:Muhammad
938:al-Hasan
933:Sulayman
626:Persians
399:al-Mahdi
383:Umayyads
347:al-Mahdi
343:Arminiya
220:Avicenna
198:Xuanzang
181:Buddhist
141:Nawbahar
137:Buddhist
118:البرامكة
81:Buddhism
59:Khorasan
18:Barmakid
3084:Aladdin
3041:Related
2924:Aladdin
2758:Aladdin
2568:Baibars
2532:Solomon
2466:Aladdin
2396:Aladdin
2383:Stories
2285::
2170:(ed.).
2005:Sources
1475:Abbasid
1439:Qanawat
1360:Source:
1133:al-Fadl
743:Baghdad
719:Ramadan
686:removed
671:sources
588:Baghdad
563:ʿAbbāsa
515:scholar
418:patrons
407:al-Fadl
385:and of
379:Abbasid
363:al-Fadl
305:dabiran
261:Tarkhan
232:Maslama
230:'s son
175:Origins
148:caliphs
145:Abbasid
129:Iranian
107:برمکیان
103:Persian
36:برمکیان
3012:(2015)
3004:(1991)
2996:(1979)
2988:(1972)
2980:(1964)
2972:(1939)
2964:(1882)
2900:(1914)
2892:(1887)
2883:(1861)
2875:(1858)
2867:(1833)
2858:(1811)
2850:(1800)
2839:Operas
2824:(2011)
2808:(2000)
2800:(1994)
2763:Sinbad
2743:(2015)
2735:(1991)
2732:Ajooba
2727:(1978)
2719:(1974)
2711:(1969)
2703:(1968)
2695:(1961)
2687:(1960)
2679:(1952)
2671:(1949)
2663:(1946)
2655:(1942)
2647:(1940)
2639:(1926)
2631:(1924)
2598:Shirin
2279:
2265:
2217:
2184:
2148:
2112:
2090:
2071:&
2041:&
1990:
1892:
1842:
1817:
1811:620573
1809:
1758:
1731:
1704:
1677:
1587:
1541:
1469:
1430:Trivia
1415:
1396:&
1366:&
1246:Ja'far
1124:Ja'far
927:Khalid
811:Barmak
646:Legacy
602:Daylam
517:
510:
503:
496:
488:
411:Ja'far
367:Ja'far
311:kharaj
299:kuttab
156:vizier
152:Khalid
114:Arabic
69:Titles
3053:Ifrit
3048:Ghoul
3020:Lists
2908:Other
2832:Music
2616:Films
2512:Khidr
2230:. In
2201:. In
2166:. In
2051:. In
1815:S2CID
1807:JSTOR
1449:Notes
1376:. In
1252:Imran
1014:Yahya
522:JSTOR
508:books
422:Gebir
213:Ulema
189:Balkh
133:Balkh
55:Balkh
3058:Jinn
2263:ISSN
2215:ISSN
2182:ISBN
2146:ISBN
2110:ISBN
2088:OCLC
2031:link
1988:ISBN
1890:ISBN
1840:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1729:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1675:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1467:ISBN
1413:OCLC
1147:Musa
669:any
667:cite
494:news
424:and
409:and
97:The
2294:".
2084:A–B
1799:doi
1409:A–B
680:by
477:by
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2067:;
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1854:^
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