654:, and that he would support Chirac's candidacy. However, a number of right-wing politicians advised Balladur to run for the presidency in 1995. He went back on his promise to Chirac and entered the campaign. When he announced his candidacy, four months before the election, he was considered the favourite. In the polls, he led Chirac by almost 20 points. However, from the position of an outsider, Chirac criticized Balladur as representing "dominant ideas", and the gap in the polls decreased quickly. The revelation of a bugging scandal which implicated Balladur also contributed to a drop in his popularity among voters.
164:
36:
1372:
616:, Chirac declined to become prime minister again in a second "cohabitation" with President Mitterrand, and Balladur became prime minister. He was faced with a difficult economic situation, but he did not want to make the political errors of the previous cohabitation government. He continued the economic policy he had undertaken in 1986 by carrying out new privatisations (notably
874:
were each charged, in relation to the
Pakistan deal, with "complicity in misuse of corporate assets and concealment". In June 2019, Balladur's former campaign manager, Nicolas Bazire, was one of six men convicted over the arms deal, and was sentenced to three years imprisonment for using "illegal
689:
in 2002. He presided over the
National Assembly's foreign affairs committee during his last parliamentary term (2002–2007). Since the 1980s, he had advocated the unification of the right-wing groupings into a single large party, but it was Chirac who managed the feat, with the creation of the
716:
while occupying various other positions in ministerial staff. Following the 1999 deadly accident in the tunnel, he gave evidence to the court judging the case in 2005 about the security measures he had or had not taken. Balladur claimed that he always took security seriously, but that it was
668:
to replace
Balladur as prime minister. Despite Chirac declaring that he and Balladur had been "friends for 30 years", Balladur's decision to stand against him greatly strained their relationship. As a result, the "Balladuriens" who had supported him in the presidential election, such as
591:
Balladur appeared as an unofficial deputy prime minister in the cabinet led by Chirac. He took a major part in the adoption of liberal and pro-European policies by Chirac and the RPR. After Chirac's defeat at the
1285:
3114:
4564:
1166:
Chirac's appointee as finance minister - effectively No. 2 to the prime minister - was the prime, precisely-worded Édouard
Balladur, born in Turkey of an Armenian family who emigrated to Marseille in the
4812:
3018:
64:
3024:
2946:
2928:
3084:
4557:
870:, financed the 1995 presidential campaigns of Balladur or Chirac, whose administration then succeeded in taking office. In May 2017, Balladur and his former Defence Minister
3054:
808:
for Paris: Elected in March 1986, but he became minister / 1988–1993 (Became Prime minister in 1993) / 1995–2007. Elected in 1986, reelected in 1988, 1993, 1995, 1997, 2002.
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1409:
68:
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difficult to agree on anything with the
Italian company operating the Italian part of the tunnel. From 1977 to 1986, he was president of
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529:
in 1969, Balladur was appointed under-secretary general of the presidency then secretary general from 1973 to
Pompidou's death in 1974.
446:
4752:
3060:
1753:
544:" from 1986 to 1988, explaining that if the right won the legislative election, it could govern with Chirac as prime minister without
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90:
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44:
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628:). Conveying the image of a quiet conservative, he did not question the wealth tax (reestablished by the Socialists in 1988).
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Despite corruption affairs affecting some of his ministers, who he forced to resign (thus lending his name to the so-called "
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In the first round of the election, Balladur finished in third place with 18.6% of the vote behind the
Socialist candidate
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and Chirac. He was thus eliminated from the final run-off election between the top two candidates, which Chirac won.
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862:, also dubbed "Karachigate", with the Ministry of Justice examining whether armament contract commissions paid by
86:
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879:, a special court that tries members of the government for actions performed in the exercise of their functions.
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In 2006, he announced that he would not run again for re-election in 2007 as a member of
Parliament for the 15th
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573:
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1249:"Elites, Thickets and Institutions: French Resistance Versus German Adaptation to Economic Change, 1945-2015"
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In 2008, Balladur visited the United States to speak at an event organized by the Streit
Council, a
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1961:
53:
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743:. Balladur presented his latest book, in which he outlined a concept for a "Union of the West".
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region in 1998, the RPR nomination for the mayoralty of Paris in 2001, and the Chair of the
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funds" in
Balladur's 1995 campaign. On 4 March 2021, Édouard Balladur was acquitted by the
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8:
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Balladur is often caricatured as aloof, aristocratic, and arrogant in media, such as the
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When he became prime minister, Balladur had promised Chirac that he would not enter the
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1981:
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succeeds Longuet as Minister of Industry, Foreign Trade, Posts, and Telecommunications.
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2016:
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family with five children and longstanding ties to France. His family emigrated to
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2116:
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programme, involving several companies nationalised in 1945 and 1982, such as the
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Balladur started his political career in 1964 as an advisor to Prime Minister
513:
In 1957, Balladur married Marie-Josèphe Delacour, with whom he had four sons.
482:
from 29 March 1993 to 17 May 1995. He unsuccessfully ran for president in the
223:
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2011:
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nominated Balladur to the head of a committee for institutional reforms. The
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2211:
2181:
2126:
1991:
1806:
863:
4065:
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2191:
927: – Minister of Industry, Foreign Trade, Posts, and Telecommunications
725:), making him one of the few French politicians with business experience.
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4263:
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3939:
3891:
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3303:
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3279:
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1871:
1846:
1816:
1258:. Queen Mary University of London: Centre for Globalization Research: 6.
984:
3681:
3663:
3645:
3627:
4661:
4572:
2387:
960:
852:
740:
712:
From 1968 to 1980, Balladur was president of the French company of the
588:. He also reduced the number of civil servants and state expenditure.
507:
503:
635:
were necessary to maintain the credibility of the French deterrent.
4813:
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
867:
597:
1247:
Brigitte Granville; Jaume Martorell Cruz; Martha Prevezer (2015).
495:
358:
577:
2629:
1371:
1181:"Privatisation in France 1993–94: New departures, or a case of
933: – Minister of Labour, Employment, and Vocational Training
921: – Minister of the Budget and Spokesman for the Government
787:
Minister of State, Minister of Economy and Finances: 1986–1988.
681:
Balladur failed to win the elections for the presidency of the
499:
74:
from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
596:, part of the RPR held him responsible of the abandonment of
532:
Balladur returned to politics in the 1980s as a supporter of
1315:"Karachi affair: Six men sentenced to prison over arms deal"
1293:"Les commissions de Karachi exhumées par les "Panama papers
631:
He disagreed with François Mitterrand by considering that
1339:"Former French PM Balladur acquitted over arms kickbacks"
585:
975: – Minister of Overseas Departments and Territories
836:
Councillor of Paris: 1989–2008. Reelected in 1995, 2001.
474:; born 2 May 1929) is a French politician who served as
1017: – Minister of Companies and Economic Development
909: – Minister of the Interior and Regional Planning
673:, were ostracized from the new Chirac administration.
981: – Minister of Transport, Tourism, and Equipment
987: – Minister of Social Affairs, Health, and City
4773:
Candidates in the 1995 French presidential election
1431:Minister of the Economy, Finance and Privatization
1547:
1037:leaves the Cabinet and the Ministry is abolished.
1023: – Minister of Higher Education and Research
540:(RPR) party, he was the theoretician behind the "
4729:
1310:
1308:
2624:
1033:19 July 1994 – Minister of Communication
4558:
2610:
1533:
1305:
842:
709:was approved by the Parliament in July 2008.
645:
642:"), he had the support of influential media.
957: – Minister of Culture and Francophonie
951: – Minister of Veterans and War Victims
560:policy reminiscent of the one attributed to
4803:Grand Cross of the Ordre national du Mérite
1051:succeeds Roussin as Minister of Cooperation
4565:
4551:
2617:
2603:
1540:
1526:
162:
67:about living persons that is unsourced or
1065:de Pierre Aknine: played by Cyrille Eldin
773:
758:TV show. Incidentally, the percentage of
676:
516:
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
4778:Politicians of the French Fifth Republic
963: – Minister of Agriculture and Fish
600:, but he kept the confidence of Chirac.
4788:École nationale d'administration alumni
1240:
1178:
14:
4798:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
4730:
1336:
945: – Minister of National Education
4546:
2598:
1521:
1142:
732:of Paris, a conservative stronghold.
469:
447:Institut d'études politiques de Paris
1265:from the original on 28 January 2018
1104:Cook, Bernard A. (27 January 2014).
1103:
969: – Minister of Youth and Sports
293:5 April 1973 – 2 April 1974
243:20 March 1986 – 12 May 1988
191:29 March 1993 – 17 May 1995
29:
897: – Minister of Foreign Affairs
762:ministers who were also members of
24:
1400:General Secretary of the President
1124:from the original on 10 March 2021
1107:Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia
1078:, 2009, Hoover Institution Press,
281:General Secretary of the President
25:
4824:
4753:French people of Armenian descent
4575:1995 French presidential election
3606:(September 1870–19 February 1871)
3288:(December 29, 1818–November 1819)
1365:
1349:from the original on 4 March 2021
1011: – Minister of Civil Service
1005: – Minister of Communication
824:: March–April 1998 (Resignation).
699:2007 French presidential election
603:
484:1995 French presidential election
1370:
1325:British Broadcasting Corporation
891:Édouard Balladur– Prime Minister
877:Court of Justice of the Republic
719:Générale de Service Informatique
451:École nationale d'administration
34:
4242:(5 September–11 September 1948)
1337:Mallet, Victor (4 March 2021).
1069:
993: – Minister of Cooperation
766:peaked at 72% under Balladur's
554:Minister of Economy and Finance
536:. A member of the Neo-Gaullist
525:. After Pompidou's election as
420:
4152:(November 1943–September 1944)
3612:(19 February–25 February 1871)
3369:(10 November–18 November 1834)
3276:(September 1815–December 1818)
2647:Controller-General of Finances
1330:
1277:
1214:
1172:
1136:
1097:
1055:
568:. He thus implemented a major
13:
1:
4302:(1 February–14 February 1956)
4296:(February 1955–February 1956)
4248:(September 1948–January 1949)
3702:(16 April 1885–December 1886)
3282:(7 December–29 December 1818)
3129:(10 August–21 September 1792)
2917:de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson
1549:Heads of government of France
1489:Order of precedence of France
1090:
664:Chirac immediately appointed
27:French politician (born 1929)
4218:(December 1946–January 1947)
4179:(November 1944–January 1946)
4026:(4 February–9 February 1934)
4008:(December 1932–January 1933)
3990:(December 1930–January 1931)
3516:(December 1851–January 1852)
3480:(December 1848–October 1849)
887:(29 March 1993–17 May 1995)
692:Union for a Popular Movement
574:Compagnie Financière de Suez
489:
45:biography of a living person
7:
4763:Finance ministers of France
4758:Turkish emigrants to France
4014:(January 1933–January 1934)
3486:(October 1849–January 1851)
999: – Minister of Housing
939: – Minister of Justice
915: – Minister of Economy
903: – Minister of Defense
806:National Assembly of France
799:National Assembly of France
343:Édouard Léon Raoul Balladur
72:must be removed immediately
10:
4829:
4080:(November 1938–March 1940)
3942:(December 1925–March 1926)
3846:(December 1913–March 1914)
3720:(December 1887–April 1888)
3690:(August 1882–6 April 1885)
2641:Superintendent of Finances
1027:
882:
784:Prime minister: 1993–1995.
652:1995 presidential election
646:1995 presidential election
594:1988 presidential election
510:in the mid-to-late 1930s.
4808:State ministers of France
4768:Prime ministers of France
4630:
4604:
4581:
4339:
4308:(February 1956–June 1957)
4272:(March 1952–January 1953)
4230:(November 1947–July 1948)
4198:
4173:(September–November 1944)
4159:
4120:
4093:
4032:(February 1934–June 1935)
3592:
3523:
3436:
3411:(March 1840–October 1840)
3331:
3256:
3235:
3214:
3193:
3136:
2741:
2656:
2636:
2569:
2416:
2298:
2263:
2225:
1782:
1762:
1739:
1696:
1608:
1555:
1499:
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1471:
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1456:
1447:
1437:
1428:
1420:
1406:
1397:
1389:
1384:
1201:10.1080/01402389508425072
622:Banque Nationale de Paris
614:1993 legislative election
486:, coming in third place.
456:
438:
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404:
376:
365:
338:
333:
329:
319:
307:
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279:
269:
259:
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217:
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195:
184:
177:
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161:
154:
4320:(November 1957–May 1958)
3936:(November–December 1925)
3912:(June 1924–3 April 1925)
3750:(December 1893–May 1894)
3708:(December 1886–May 1887)
3660:(November–December 1877)
3654:(May 1877–November 1877)
3510:(November–December 1851)
3381:(January–September 1836)
3150:(21 September 1792–1793)
3123:(29 July–10 August 1792)
2577:Chief minister of France
1509:as Former Prime Minister
1481:as Former Prime Minister
1450:Prime Minister of France
1320:24 December 2020 at the
1256:CGR Working Paper No. 63
1047:12 November 1994 –
858:revealed aspects of the
476:Prime Minister of France
443:Aix-Marseille University
179:Prime Minister of France
4290:(January–February 1955)
4224:(January–November 1947)
4212:(October–December 1946)
4020:(January–February 1934)
3930:(October–November 1925)
3918:(3 April–17 April 1925)
3762:(January–November 1895)
3756:(May 1894–January 1895)
3696:(6 April–16 April 1885)
3585:(August–September 1870)
3561:(January–November 1867)
3504:(October–November 1851)
3474:(October–December 1848)
3375:(18 November 1834–1836)
3363:(1832–10 November 1834)
1288:12 January 2021 at the
1179:Maclean, Mairi (1995).
1076:For a Union of the West
1040:17 October 1994 –
820:Regional councillor of
707:constitutional revision
542:cohabitation government
4161:Provisional Government
3960:(19 July–23 July 1926)
3876:(March–September 1917)
3834:(June 1911–March 1913)
3345:(August–November 1830)
3117:(18 June–29 July 1792)
3111:(13 June–18 June 1792)
1189:West European Politics
780:Governmental functions
774:Political offices held
755:Les Guignols de l'info
677:Later political career
640:Balladur jurisprudence
538:Rally for the Republic
517:Early political career
471:[edwaʁbaladyʁ]
410:Marie-Josèphe Delacour
59:Please help by adding
4485:(March–November 2004)
4383:(July 1968–June 1969)
4236:(July–September 1948)
4074:(April–November 1938)
3984:(March–December 1930)
3978:(February–March 1930)
3858:(9 June–13 June 1914)
3840:(March–December 1913)
3744:(April–December 1893)
3684:(January–August 1882)
3624:(April–December 1872)
3450:(February–March 1848)
3405:(May 1839–March 1840)
3270:(July–September 1815)
2583:Deputy Prime Minister
1494:Former Prime Minister
1379:at Wikimedia Commons
1152:Yale University Press
584:. He also privatised
494:Balladur was born in
4686:Philippe de Villiers
4491:(November 2004–2005)
4314:(June–November 1957)
4266:(January–March 1952)
4146:(June–November 1943)
4062:(January–March 1938)
4038:(1 June–7 June 1935)
4002:(June–December 1932)
3972:(1928–February 1930)
3924:(April–October 1925)
3804:(March–October 1906)
3768:(November 1895–1896)
3630:(December 1872–1873)
3573:(January–April 1870)
3498:(April–October 1851)
3492:(January–April 1851)
3429:(1847–February 1848)
3180:(July–November 1799)
3105:(March–13 June 1792)
2937:(December 1720–1722)
1467:Order of precedence
967:Michèle Alliot-Marie
65:Contentious material
4748:Smyrniote Armenians
4353:(October 1958–1960)
4332:(June–October 1958)
4278:(January–June 1953)
4260:(1951–January 1952)
4191:(June–October 1946)
4185:(January–June 1946)
4056:(1937–January 1938)
3996:(January 1931–1932)
3810:(October 1906–1909)
3714:(May–December 1887)
3579:(April–August 1870)
3567:(1867–January 1870)
3537:(January 1852–1855)
3468:(June–October 1848)
3417:(October 1840–1842)
2931:(May–December 1720)
2919:(1718–January 1720)
2913:(1718–January 1720)
1345:. Financial Times.
1063:Mort d'un président
849:forensic accounting
723:IBM Global Services
721:(later merged into
556:, he implemented a
552:'s resignation. As
550:François Mitterrand
527:President of France
480:François Mitterrand
231:Minister of Finance
200:François Mitterrand
4793:Sciences Po alumni
4573:Candidates in the
4455:(August 1995–1997)
4068:(March–April 1938)
3870:(August 1914–1917)
3864:(June–August 1914)
3525:House of Bonaparte
3324:(July–August 1830)
3237:House of Bonaparte
3195:House of Bonaparte
2925:(January–May 1720)
1385:Political offices
937:Pierre Méhaignerie
793:Electoral mandates
768:Prime Ministership
612:coalition won the
87:"Édouard Balladur"
4783:French economists
4725:
4724:
4718:
4710:Jacques Cheminade
4706:
4694:
4682:
4674:Arlette Laguiller
4670:
4658:
4650:Jean-Marie Le Pen
4646:
4623:
4597:
4540:
4539:
4449:(May–August 1995)
4387:Giscard d'Estaing
4375:Couve de Murville
4363:Giscard d'Estaing
4144:Couve de Murville
4086:(March–June 1940)
3948:(March–June 1926)
3906:(March–June 1924)
3852:(March–June 1914)
3828:(March–June 1911)
3822:(1910–March 1911)
3798:(1905–March 1906)
3738:(1892–April 1893)
3726:(April 1888–1889)
3393:(1837–March 1839)
3249:(March–July 1815)
3121:Delaville-Leroulx
3099:(1791–March 1792)
2626:Finance ministers
2592:
2591:
2441:Couve de Murville
1516:
1515:
1512:
1500:Succeeded by
1496:
1484:
1457:Succeeded by
1438:Succeeded by
1407:Succeeded by
1375:Media related to
1161:978-0-300-17390-1
1084:978-0-8179-4932-7
997:Hervé de Charette
913:Edmond Alphandéry
831:Municipal Council
760:French government
714:Mont Blanc Tunnel
687:National Assembly
598:Gaullist doctrine
566:Margaret Thatcher
460:
459:
148:
147:
140:
122:
48:needs additional
16:(Redirected from
4820:
4712:
4700:
4698:Dominique Voynet
4688:
4676:
4664:
4652:
4640:
4638:Édouard Balladur
4631:Other candidates
4617:
4591:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4544:
4543:
4509:(June 2007–2011)
4276:Bourgès-Maunoury
4140:(1942–June 1943)
4044:(June 1935–1936)
3966:(July 1926–1928)
3954:(June–July 1926)
3456:(March–May 1848)
3399:(March–May 1839)
3333:House of Orléans
3258:House of Bourbon
3216:House of Bourbon
3174:(1796–July 1799)
2743:House of Bourbon
2710:de Cossé-Brissac
2619:
2612:
2605:
2596:
2595:
2579:(pre-Revolution)
2393:Bourgès-Maunoury
1962:Waldeck-Rousseau
1766:National Defense
1754:Cousin-Montauban
1706:Dupont de l'Eure
1542:
1535:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1506:
1492:
1478:
1472:Preceded by
1441:Pierre Bérégovoy
1424:Pierre Bérégovoy
1421:Preceded by
1415:
1390:Preceded by
1382:
1381:
1377:Édouard Balladur
1374:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1334:
1328:
1312:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1264:
1253:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1224:. Archived from
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1154:. p. 1956.
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1101:
973:Dominique Perben
901:François Léotard
872:François Léotard
843:"Karachi affair"
815:Regional Council
582:Société Générale
558:liberal economic
523:Georges Pompidou
473:
468:
463:Édouard Balladur
424:
422:
356:
352:
350:
334:Personal details
322:
310:
302:Georges Pompidou
291:
275:Pierre Bérégovoy
272:
265:Pierre Bérégovoy
262:
250:
241:
220:
212:Pierre Bérégovoy
208:
189:
168:Balladur in 1993
166:
156:Édouard Balladur
152:
151:
143:
136:
132:
129:
123:
121:
80:
61:reliable sources
38:
37:
30:
21:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4626:
4600:
4577:
4571:
4541:
4536:
4503:(May–June 2007)
4497:(2005–May 2007)
4443:(1993–May 1995)
4377:(May–July 1968)
4371:(1966–May 1968)
4343:
4335:
4326:(May–June 1958)
4202:
4200:Fourth Republic
4194:
4163:
4155:
4124:
4116:
4097:
4089:
3904:François-Marsal
3886:François-Marsal
3648:(1875–May 1877)
3616:Pouyer-Quertier
3596:
3588:
3527:
3519:
3462:(May–June 1848)
3440:
3438:Second Republic
3432:
3421:Lacave-Laplagne
3391:Lacave-Laplagne
3335:
3327:
3318:(May–July 1830)
3312:(1829–May 1830)
3260:
3252:
3239:
3231:
3218:
3210:
3197:
3189:
3140:
3132:
2853:de La Vieuville
2777:de La Vieuville
2745:
2737:
2660:
2658:House of Valois
2652:
2632:
2623:
2593:
2588:
2565:
2412:
2300:Fourth Republic
2294:
2266:
2259:
2221:
2072:François-Marsal
1778:
1765:
1758:
1735:
1698:Second Republic
1692:
1604:
1551:
1546:
1505:
1491:
1477:
1462:
1453:
1443:
1434:
1426:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1403:
1395:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1335:
1331:
1322:Wayback Machine
1313:
1306:
1295:
1292:
1290:Wayback Machine
1282:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1177:
1173:
1162:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1118:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1072:
1058:
1030:
1021:François Fillon
949:Philippe Mestre
943:François Bayrou
919:Nicolas Sarkozy
885:
851:enabled by the
845:
776:
749:Canard Enchaîné
703:Nicolas Sarkozy
679:
671:Nicolas Sarkozy
648:
606:
546:Socialist Party
519:
502:, to an ethnic
492:
466:
449:
445:
426:
423: 1957)
418:
414:
411:
396:
391:
386:
378:
377:Other political
366:Political party
357:
354:
348:
346:
345:
344:
320:
308:
292:
287:
270:
260:
248:
242:
237:
218:
206:
190:
185:
169:
157:
144:
133:
127:
124:
81:
79:
58:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4826:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4707:
4695:
4683:
4671:
4659:
4647:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4611:
4609:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4589:Jacques Chirac
4585:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4570:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4547:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4533:(2017–present)
4528:
4522:
4516:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4492:
4486:
4480:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4408:
4402:
4396:
4390:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4354:
4347:
4345:
4344:(1958–present)
4341:Fifth Republic
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4237:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4206:
4204:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4174:
4167:
4165:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4128:
4126:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4108:
4101:
4099:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4069:
4063:
4057:
4051:
4045:
4039:
4033:
4030:Germain-Martin
4027:
4021:
4015:
4009:
4003:
4000:Germain-Martin
3997:
3991:
3988:Germain-Martin
3985:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3901:
3895:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3600:
3598:
3594:Third Republic
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3531:
3529:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3475:
3472:Trouvé-Chauvel
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3444:
3442:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3339:
3337:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3264:
3262:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3243:
3241:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3220:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3201:
3199:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3144:
3142:
3138:First Republic
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2935:de La Houssaye
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2812:
2806:
2796:
2790:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2749:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2664:
2662:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2644:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2622:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2418:Fifth Republic
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1927:Casimir-Perier
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1784:Third Republic
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1522:
1514:
1513:
1501:
1498:
1485:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1408:
1405:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1367:
1366:External links
1364:
1361:
1360:
1329:
1304:
1276:
1239:
1228:on 9 July 2009
1213:
1195:(2): 273–290.
1183:plus ça change
1171:
1160:
1135:
1116:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1035:Alain Carignon
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1009:André Rossinot
1006:
1003:Alain Carignon
1000:
994:
991:Michel Roussin
988:
982:
979:Bernard Bosson
976:
970:
964:
958:
955:Jacques Toubon
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
925:Gérard Longuet
922:
916:
910:
907:Charles Pasqua
904:
898:
892:
884:
881:
860:Karachi affair
847:Investigative
844:
841:
840:
839:
838:
837:
827:
826:
825:
811:
810:
809:
804:Member of the
795:
790:
789:
788:
785:
775:
772:
752:weekly or the
730:arrondissement
697:Following the
678:
675:
647:
644:
605:
604:Prime minister
602:
534:Jacques Chirac
518:
515:
491:
488:
458:
457:
454:
453:
440:
436:
435:
432:
428:
427:
416:
412:
409:
408:
406:
402:
401:
380:
374:
373:
372:(2015–present)
367:
363:
362:
342:
340:
336:
335:
331:
330:
327:
326:
323:
317:
316:
311:
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:
284:
283:
277:
276:
273:
267:
266:
263:
257:
256:
254:Jacques Chirac
251:
249:Prime Minister
245:
244:
234:
233:
227:
226:
221:
215:
214:
209:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
182:
181:
175:
174:
171:
170:
167:
159:
158:
155:
146:
145:
69:poorly sourced
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4825:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:Living people
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4716:
4711:
4708:
4704:
4699:
4696:
4692:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4663:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4621:
4616:
4615:Lionel Jospin
4613:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4603:
4595:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4568:
4563:
4561:
4556:
4554:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4517:
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3154:Destournelles
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2999:
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2983:de Silhouette
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2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
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1822:A. de Broglie
1820:
1818:
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1813:
1810:
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1805:
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1800:
1798:
1797:A. de Broglie
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
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1769:
1767:
1764:Government of
1761:
1755:
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1741:Second Empire
1738:
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1653:V. de Broglie
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1644:
1641:
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1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
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1619:
1618:V. de Broglie
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1610:July Monarchy
1607:
1601:
1598:
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1591:
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1511:
1510:
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1497:
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1483:
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1476:
1475:Édith Cresson
1470:
1465:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1419:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1393:Michel Jobert
1388:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1373:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1319:
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1261:
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1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1150:. New Haven:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1123:
1119:
1117:9781135179328
1113:
1110:. Routledge.
1109:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1050:
1049:Bernard Debré
1046:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1015:Alain Madelin
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
931:Michel Giraud
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
889:
888:
880:
878:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:Panama Papers
854:
850:
835:
834:
833:
832:
828:
823:
822:Ile-de-France
819:
818:
817:
816:
812:
807:
803:
802:
801:
800:
796:
794:
791:
786:
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771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
756:
751:
750:
744:
742:
738:
733:
731:
726:
724:
720:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
695:
693:
688:
684:
683:Île-de-France
674:
672:
667:
662:
660:
659:Lionel Jospin
655:
653:
643:
641:
636:
634:
633:nuclear tests
629:
627:
623:
619:
618:Rhône-Poulenc
615:
611:
608:When the RPR/
601:
599:
595:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:privatisation
567:
563:
562:Ronald Reagan
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
514:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
487:
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481:
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472:
464:
455:
452:
448:
444:
441:
437:
433:
429:
407:
403:
399:
394:
389:
384:
381:
375:
371:
368:
364:
360:
355:(age 95)
341:
337:
332:
328:
324:
318:
315:
314:Michel Jobert
312:
306:
303:
300:
296:
290:
285:
282:
278:
274:
268:
264:
258:
255:
252:
246:
240:
235:
232:
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225:
222:
216:
213:
210:
204:
201:
198:
194:
188:
183:
180:
176:
172:
165:
160:
153:
150:
142:
139:
131:
128:February 2008
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89: –
88:
84:
83:Find sources:
77:
73:
70:
66:
62:
56:
55:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
4637:
4459:Strauss-Kahn
4422:
4095:Vichy France
3898:de Lasteyrie
3676:Allain-Targé
3409:de la Lozère
3159:
3055:de Fourqueux
2965:de Séchelles
2959:d'Arnouville
2881:Le Pelletier
2783:de Champigny
2771:de Schomberg
2726:de Bellièvre
2495:
2227:Vichy France
2142:Paul-Boncour
1508:
1507:
1493:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1448:
1429:
1410:Bernard Beck
1398:
1369:
1351:. Retrieved
1342:
1332:
1324:
1299:
1279:
1267:. Retrieved
1255:
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1226:the original
1216:
1204:. Retrieved
1192:
1188:
1182:
1174:
1165:
1147:
1144:Marsh, David
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1106:
1099:
1075:
1070:Bibliography
1062:
886:
864:Saudi Arabia
846:
830:
829:
814:
813:
798:
797:
792:
779:
753:
747:
745:
734:
729:
727:
718:
711:
696:
680:
663:
656:
649:
637:
630:
607:
590:
531:
520:
512:
493:
462:
461:
379:affiliations
325:Bernard Beck
321:Succeeded by
288:
271:Succeeded by
238:
219:Succeeded by
186:
149:
134:
125:
115:
108:
101:
94:
82:
71:
54:verification
47:
4738:1929 births
4527:(2014–2017)
4521:(2012–2014)
4515:(2011–2012)
4479:(2002–2004)
4473:(2000–2002)
4467:(1999–2000)
4461:(1997–1999)
4437:(1992–1993)
4431:(1988–1992)
4425:(1986–1988)
4419:(1984–1986)
4413:(1981–1984)
4407:(1978–1981)
4401:(1976–1978)
4395:(1974–1976)
4389:(1969–1974)
4365:(1962–1966)
4359:(1960–1962)
4357:Baumgartner
4284:(1953–1955)
4254:(1949–1951)
4203:(1946–1958)
4164:(1944–1946)
4134:(1941–1942)
4125:(1941–1944)
4122:Free France
4113:(1942–1944)
4107:(1940–1942)
4105:Bouthillier
4098:(1940–1944)
4072:Marchandeau
4060:Marchandeau
4050:(1936–1937)
4024:Marchandeau
3900:(1922–1924)
3894:(1921–1922)
3888:(1920–1921)
3882:(1917–1920)
3816:(1909–1910)
3792:(1902–1905)
3786:(1899–1902)
3780:(1898–1899)
3774:(1896–1898)
3732:(1889–1892)
3678:(1881–1882)
3672:(1879–1881)
3666:(1877–1879)
3642:(1874–1875)
3636:(1873–1874)
3618:(1871–1872)
3597:(1870–1940)
3555:(1861–1867)
3549:(1860–1861)
3547:La Roquette
3543:(1855–1860)
3528:(1852–1870)
3441:(1848–1852)
3423:(1842–1847)
3387:(1836–1837)
3357:(1831–1832)
3351:(1830–1831)
3336:(1830–1848)
3306:(1828–1829)
3300:(1821–1828)
3294:(1819–1821)
3261:(1815–1830)
3228:(1814–1815)
3219:(1814–1815)
3207:(1804–1814)
3198:(1804–1814)
3186:(1799–1804)
3168:(1795–1796)
3162:(1794–1795)
3156:(1793–1794)
3141:(1792–1804)
3115:de Beaulieu
3093:(1790–1791)
3081:(1789–1790)
3073:de Breteuil
3069:(1788–1789)
3063:(1787–1788)
3051:(1783–1787)
3039:(1781–1783)
3033:(1777–1781)
3027:(1776–1777)
3015:(1774–1776)
3009:(1769–1774)
3003:(1768–1769)
2997:(1763–1768)
2991:(1759–1763)
2979:(1757–1759)
2973:(1756–1757)
2967:(1754–1756)
2961:(1745–1754)
2955:(1730–1745)
2949:(1726–1730)
2943:(1722–1726)
2907:(1715–1718)
2905:de Noailles
2901:(1708–1715)
2895:(1699–1708)
2889:(1689–1699)
2883:(1683–1689)
2877:(1661–1683)
2871:(1659–1661)
2865:(1653–1659)
2855:(1651–1653)
2849:(1650–1651)
2847:de Longueil
2843:(1649–1650)
2833:(1648–1649)
2831:de La Porte
2827:(1647–1648)
2821:(1643–1647)
2815:de Bailleul
2811:(1640–1643)
2809:Bouthillier
2805:(1632–1640)
2803:Bouthillier
2795:(1626–1632)
2789:(1624–1626)
2787:de Marillac
2779:(1623–1624)
2773:(1619–1622)
2767:(1614–1619)
2761:(1598–1611)
2755:(1589–1594)
2746:(1589–1792)
2734:(1588–1589)
2728:(1574–1588)
2722:(1568–1570)
2716:(1561–1567)
2706:(1559–1560)
2704:de Lorraine
2700:(1556–1559)
2694:(1552–1556)
2688:(1546–1552)
2686:d'Annebault
2682:(1544–1546)
2676:(1524–1544)
2670:(1518–1524)
2661:(1518–1589)
2649:(1661–1791)
2643:(1561–1661)
2265:Provisional
1557:Restoration
1503:Alain Juppé
1460:Alain Juppé
1232:2 September
1056:Filmography
985:Simone Veil
895:Alain Juppé
770:(1993–95).
666:Alain Juppé
400:(2002–2015)
395:(1976–2002)
390:(1967–1976)
385:(1964–1967)
309:Preceded by
261:Preceded by
224:Alain Juppé
207:Preceded by
4732:Categories
4662:Robert Hue
4441:Alphandéry
3694:Clamageran
3622:de Goulard
3490:de Germiny
3316:de Montbel
3310:de Crouzol
3298:de Villèle
3091:de Lessart
3061:de Brienne
3049:de Calonne
3043:d'Ormesson
2995:de Laverdy
2911:de Caumont
2893:Chamillart
2887:Phélypeaux
2799:de Bullion
2759:de Béthune
2720:de Birague
2267:Government
2047:Clemenceau
1982:Clemenceau
1837:Waddington
1827:Rochebouët
1565:Talleyrand
1454:1993–1995
1435:1986–1988
1404:1973–1974
1327:2019-06-15
1302:2016-04-05
1269:27 January
1206:27 January
1128:12 October
1091:References
1042:José Rossi
961:Jean Puech
741:think tank
737:Washington
548:President
353:2 May 1929
349:1929-05-02
98:newspapers
4519:Moscovici
4429:Bérégovoy
4417:Bérégovoy
4084:Lamoureux
3958:de Monzie
3916:de Monzie
3910:Clementel
3856:Clémentel
3658:Dutilleul
3466:Goudchaux
3448:Goudchaux
3355:Dominique
3343:Dominique
3322:Dominique
3286:Dominique
3268:Dominique
3226:Dominique
3109:Duranthon
3037:de Fleury
3025:des Réaux
3019:de Clugny
3001:d'Invault
2947:des Forts
2929:des Forts
2899:Desmarets
2841:de Mesmes
2819:de Mesmes
2714:d'Ongnyes
2698:d'Avançon
2680:du Thiers
2668:de Beaune
2585:(defunct)
2536:Cazeneuve
2491:Bérégovoy
2426:De Gaulle
2408:De Gaulle
2275:De Gaulle
2197:Chautemps
2167:Doumergue
2157:Chautemps
2112:Chautemps
2052:Millerand
2017:Doumergue
1942:Bourgeois
1907:Freycinet
1882:Freycinet
1867:Fallières
1857:Freycinet
1842:Freycinet
1716:Cavaignac
1595:Martignac
1585:Richelieu
1575:Dessolles
1570:Richelieu
1222:"{title}"
764:Le Siècle
694:in 2002.
508:Marseille
490:Biography
439:Education
298:President
289:In office
239:In office
196:President
187:In office
50:citations
4605:Lost in
4531:Le Maire
4423:Balladur
4393:Fourcade
4318:Pflimlin
4312:Gaillard
4306:Ramadier
4294:Pflimlin
4246:Queuille
4138:Diethelm
4036:Caillaux
3964:Poincaré
3952:Caillaux
3934:Loucheur
3928:Painlevé
3922:Caillaux
3862:Noullens
3844:Caillaux
3826:Caillaux
3808:Caillaux
3802:Poincaré
3784:Caillaux
3754:Poincaré
3652:Caillaux
3385:Duchâtel
3379:d'Argout
3349:Laffitte
3274:Corvetto
3166:Faipoult
3148:Clavière
3127:Clavière
3103:Clavière
2971:de Moras
2692:Guillart
2541:Philippe
2516:Villepin
2511:Raffarin
2496:Balladur
2436:Pompidou
2403:Pflimlin
2398:Gaillard
2348:Queuille
2338:Queuille
2328:Queuille
2308:Ramadier
2207:Daladier
2177:Bouisson
2162:Daladier
2147:Daladier
2097:Poincaré
2082:Painlevé
2067:Poincaré
2042:Painlevé
2002:Poincaré
1997:Caillaux
1852:Gambetta
1749:Ollivier
1726:Hautpoul
1623:Laffitte
1600:Polignac
1347:Archived
1318:Archived
1300:Le Monde
1286:Archived
1260:Archived
1148:The Euro
1146:(2011).
1122:Archived
868:Pakistan
580:and the
504:Armenian
431:Children
361:, Turkey
76:libelous
18:Balladur
4507:Lagarde
4489:Gaymard
4483:Sarkozy
4465:Sautter
4453:Arthuis
4447:Madelin
4300:Lacoste
4252:Petsche
4234:Reynaud
4222:Schuman
4210:Schuman
4189:Schuman
4171:Lepercq
4111:Cathala
4078:Reynaud
4042:Régnier
3994:Flandin
3982:Reynaud
3874:Thierry
3850:Renoult
3814:Cochery
3790:Rouvier
3778:Peytral
3772:Cochery
3748:Burdeau
3742:Peytral
3730:Rouvier
3724:Peytral
3712:Rouvier
3706:Dauphin
3502:Blondel
3460:Duclerc
3397:Gautier
3085:Lambert
2875:Colbert
2869:Fouquet
2863:Fouquet
2859:Servien
2837:d'Emery
2825:d'Emery
2793:de Ruzé
2765:Jeannin
2570:Related
2561:Barnier
2526:Ayrault
2486:Cresson
2451:Messmer
2333:Bidault
2323:Schuman
2313:Schuman
2285:Bidault
2245:Flandin
2212:Reynaud
2187:Sarraut
2172:Flandin
2152:Sarraut
2137:Herriot
2132:Tardieu
2117:Tardieu
2107:Tardieu
2092:Herriot
2077:Herriot
2057:Leygues
2027:Viviani
2012:Barthou
1977:Sarrien
1972:Rouvier
1952:Brisson
1897:Floquet
1892:Rouvier
1877:Brisson
1862:Duclerc
1832:Dufaure
1812:Dufaure
1792:Dufaure
1731:Faucher
1648:Mortier
1590:Villèle
1580:Decazes
1353:4 March
1028:Changes
883:Cabinet
866:, then
739:-based
578:Paribas
467:French:
425:
417:
413:
112:scholar
4607:runoff
4582:Winner
4513:Baroin
4501:Borloo
4495:Breton
4471:Fabius
4411:Delors
4405:Monory
4381:Ortoli
4240:Pineau
4216:Philip
4183:Philip
4177:Pleven
4150:France
4132:Pleven
4054:Bonnet
4048:Auriol
4018:Piétri
4012:Bonnet
4006:Chéron
3976:Dumont
3970:Chéron
3940:Doumer
3892:Doumer
3838:Dumont
3796:Merlou
3766:Doumer
3736:Tirard
3718:Tirard
3700:Carnot
3688:Tirard
3670:Magnin
3610:Buffet
3604:Picard
3577:Segris
3571:Buffet
3559:Rouher
3535:Bineau
3415:Humann
3373:Humann
3361:Humann
3247:Gaudin
3240:(1815)
3205:Gaudin
3184:Gaudin
3178:Lindet
3160:Vacant
3087:(1790)
3079:Necker
3075:(1789)
3067:Necker
3057:(1787)
3045:(1783)
3031:Necker
3021:(1776)
3013:Turgot
3007:Terray
2989:Bertin
2985:(1759)
2630:France
2546:Castex
2521:Fillon
2506:Jospin
2481:Rocard
2476:Chirac
2471:Fabius
2466:Mauroy
2456:Chirac
2388:Mollet
2373:Laniel
2353:Pleven
2343:Pleven
2250:Darlan
2235:Pétain
2217:Pétain
2102:Briand
2087:Briand
2062:Briand
2032:Briand
2007:Briand
1987:Briand
1967:Combes
1947:Méline
1912:Loubet
1902:Tirard
1887:Goblet
1807:Buffet
1802:Cissey
1774:Trochu
1721:Barrot
1683:Guizot
1673:Thiers
1658:Thiers
1638:Gérard
1628:Perier
1414:Acting
1343:ft.com
1167:1930s.
1158:
1114:
1082:
1061:2011:
853:leaked
500:Turkey
478:under
405:Spouse
114:
107:
100:
93:
85:
4525:Sapin
4435:Sapin
4399:Barre
4369:Debré
4351:Pinay
4330:Pinay
4324:Faure
4288:Buron
4282:Faure
4270:Pinay
4264:Faure
4258:Mayer
4228:Mayer
3946:Péret
3880:Klotz
3868:Ribot
3832:Klotz
3820:Klotz
3760:Ribot
3634:Magne
3583:Magne
3565:Magne
3553:Fould
3541:Magne
3514:Fould
3496:Fould
3484:Fould
3478:Passy
3427:Dumon
3403:Passy
3367:Passy
3097:Tarbé
2941:Dodun
2674:Babou
2556:Attal
2551:Borne
2531:Valls
2501:Juppé
2461:Barre
2431:Debré
2383:Faure
2368:Mayer
2363:Pinay
2358:Faure
2318:Marie
2280:Gouin
2255:Laval
2240:Laval
2182:Laval
2127:Laval
2122:Steeg
2037:Ribot
2022:Ribot
1992:Monis
1957:Dupuy
1937:Ribot
1932:Dupuy
1922:Dupuy
1917:Ribot
1872:Ferry
1847:Ferry
1817:Simon
1711:Arago
1678:Soult
1668:Soult
1643:Maret
1633:Soult
1263:(PDF)
1252:(PDF)
496:İzmir
419:(
415:
359:İzmir
119:JSTOR
105:books
43:This
4066:Blum
2953:Orry
2290:Blum
2202:Blum
2192:Blum
1688:Molé
1663:Molé
1355:2021
1271:2018
1234:2008
1208:2018
1156:ISBN
1130:2020
1112:ISBN
1080:ISBN
624:and
564:and
339:Born
91:news
52:for
4715:FNS
4691:MPF
4667:PCF
4643:RPR
4594:RPR
4477:Mer
3682:Say
3664:Say
3646:Say
3628:Say
3304:Roy
3292:Roy
3280:Roy
2923:Law
2753:d'O
2732:d'O
2628:of
1197:doi
626:Elf
610:UDF
586:TF1
398:UMP
393:RPR
388:UDR
383:UNR
4734::
4703:LV
4679:LO
4655:FN
4620:PS
1341:.
1307:^
1298:"
1254:.
1193:18
1191:.
1187:.
1185:?"
1164:.
1120:.
701:,
620:,
576:,
498:,
421:m.
370:LR
351:)
63:.
4717:)
4713:(
4705:)
4701:(
4693:)
4689:(
4681:)
4677:(
4669:)
4665:(
4657:)
4653:(
4645:)
4641:(
4622:)
4618:(
4596:)
4592:(
4566:e
4559:t
4552:v
2861:/
2839:/
2817:/
2801:/
2785:/
2712:/
2618:e
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2604:v
1541:e
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1527:v
1357:.
1296:'
1273:.
1236:.
1210:.
1199::
1132:.
1086:.
465:(
434:4
347:(
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135:(
130:)
126:(
116:·
109:·
102:·
95:·
78:.
57:.
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