1855:. The bailiff also incurs expenses including costs of correspondence, operating costs per kilometer when visiting debtors residing out of the place of bailiff's office; and the other expenses specified in above mentioned act. All those expenses incurred in the course of proceedings are to be covered by the debtor or by the creditor if the enforcement proceedings are ineffective. The regional courts supervise only the work of the bailiffs, especially with reference to the fastness, proficiency and accuracy of their activities; the correctness of office management and accounting. When enforcing the bailiffs are subordinate to the judicial decisions and president of the regional court. The bailiff acts on behalf of a creditor who is legally owed money. The creditor files an application for commencing enforcement proceedings and an original writ of execution with an enforcement clause inserted herein.
111:
877:
823:, a bailiff is an officer of a court exercising civil law jurisdiction who is charged with the duty and responsibility of executing the orders of the civil jurisdiction of the court. Those orders are contained in warrants or orders including typically to seize and sell personal & real property, to evict tenants, to arrest and bring persons to that court who have failed to appear when summoned and to arrest and convey to prison persons who disobey orders of that court.
427:, there are a number of offices either formally titled, or commonly referred to, as "bailiffs". Some of these bailiffs are concerned with executing the orders of the courts, generally around the collection of debts, and some exercise semi-official supervisory powers over certain activities. Those concerned with the execution of court orders are commonly referred to as bailiffs, although reforms to the law in 2014 have renamed all these positions to alternative titles.
1847:
enforcement. However, such practices are inadmissible when the creditors apply for the enforcement to be carried out in respect of real property and other property rights where the regulations on the execution on real property shall apply. The execution proceedings on real property must be conducted only by the court bailiff who acts within the area of the jurisdiction of the regional court which keeps land and mortgage register for that real property.
940:. Assistant bailiffs are similarly licensed, but must be supervised by a full bailiff. Bailiffs in this capacity assist others who have a right to exercise self-help to repossess or seize something, or to evict under a commercial (non-residential) tenancy. Bailiffs are agents of the person contracting their services, not government employees or peace officers, and are prohibited from carrying weapons or using force to seize goods or evict tenants.
2034:
1851:
appointing, the minister of justice shall request the council of the chamber of the court bailiffs to give the opinion of the candidate. The bailiffs are not employed by the regional courts (they act at the regional courts) but they are self-employed, which means that they have their own registered offices (named
Bailiff's Office in...) and are remunerated by percentage on money recovered and the other fees specified in
447:. These behaviours included bailiffs breaking and entering into homes and bailiffs not considering illnesses or disabilitiess. Almost 60% of those who interacted with a bailiff reported harassment or intimidation, misrepresentation of powers and threats to break into homes. 72% of respondents reported that interactions with bailiffs had impacted their mental health and 49% reported long-term financial consequences.
830:
those of a bailiff and not dealt with here. While traditionally the
Sheriff and the bailiffs of the separate courts were each independent officers of the crown the trend in legal administration is to appoint a civil servant within the department of the respective Attorney General as Sheriff and they then engage, appoint or contract deputy sheriffs, sheriffs officers and bailiffs of the lower courts.
39:
977:. The terminology varies among (and sometimes within) states. The same officers who serve as bailiffs typically have other duties in and around the courthouse, such as providing general security, guarding prisoners in the courthouse lock-up, etc. However, in some states the role of bailiff is primarily ceremonial (more akin to a
356:. This act also formally acknowledged right of the high bailiffs to appoint (and dismiss) under-bailiffs as they wished, and establishing that the high bailiffs retain ultimate responsibility for their actions. High bailiff gradually became a purely ceremonial role, the court's clerk liaising with under-bailiffs directly.
956:
colloquially means any officer who keeps order in the courtroom while a court of law is in session. A bailiff provides physical security, handles prisoners, guards the jury, and performs a number of ancient traditional duties (such as ordering "All rise!" when the judge enters, escorting witnesses to
829:
The officer of the
Supreme Court of the State or Territory who fulfils these duties is the Sheriff of the State or Territory often simply referred to as "the Supreme Court Sheriff of <the State or Territory>". The Sheriff's roles and responsibilities are however generally very much broader than
442:
those bailiffs had added £250 million in fees to people's debts in the 18 months up to March 2023. The organisation surveyed 6,274 adults in
England and Wales across a month-long period from February to March 2023 who had an interaction or interactions with bailiffs. According to Citizens Advice over
844:
Bailiffs were generally required to attend upon the sitting of their court to act as court orderlies, or ushers. The current trend favours use of specialist security businesses providing all aspects of security in courts. Nonetheless, the court orderlies (or ushers) so engaged may still occasionally
367:
c. 21) enacts that no person may act as an under-bailiff to levy any distress for rent unless he is authorized by a county court judge to act as an under-bailiff. The County Courts Act 1888 restricted the hours an under-bailiff could execute a possession warrant, to only be between 6 a.m. and
836:
Traditionally bailiffs were required to serve, or attempt to serve, the other legal processes issued by their court however this is generally not an exclusive obligation on the bailiff and the serving of other court processes may be carried out by the litigants, their legal representatives or by
610:
Act 1878 allows the conservators of the forest to appoint forest keepers, reeves and also bailiffs. These individuals may also be attested as a constable, although currently only forest keepers are sworn in. The forest currently has volunteer fishing bailiffs, who support forest keepers. As the
324:
A bailiff could, for practical reasons, delegate his responsibilities, in regard to some particular court instruction, to other individuals. As the population expanded, the need for the services of a bailiff mainly arose from financial disputes; consequently, these assistants came to be closely
257:
Historically, courts were not only concerned with legal matters, and often decided administrative matters for the area within their jurisdiction. A bailiff of a manor, therefore, would often oversee the manor's lands and buildings, collect its rents, manage its accounts, and run its farms (see
1846:
a bailiff is allowed to act in the whole territory of the
Republic of Poland if and only if the creditors remark in the enforcement application that they exercise a right of selecting a bailiff. Then the bailiff acts beyond its area of action, which might result in a prolonged and ineffective
1850:
A court bailiff is an individual who is appointed to act as such by the minister of justice on application of the person concerned, filed via the intermediary of the president of the court of appeal, within whose area the candidate intends to perform acts in enforcement proceedings. Before
540:
A High Court enforcement officer has similar functions to a County Court bailiff, in that they execute writs and warrants for unpaid court judgements, and evict people from land where possession has been granted. The majority of the work of High Court enforcement officers is carried out by
434:
themselves. The powers and responsibilities of these bailiffs depend on which type of court they take orders from. In emulation of these responsibilities, a number of roles established by 19th century statute laws have also been named "bailiffs", despite not having a connection to a court.
489:. In July 2013 HM Court Service announced it is to fully contract out the whole of the compliance and enforcement process to a private company; this would involve the transfer of over 500 of its employees. This decision led to official strike action by some employees on 30 July 2013.
526:; like magistrates' bailiffs, they can seize and sell goods to recover a debt. They can also effect and supervise the possession of the property and the return of goods under hire purchase agreements, and serve court documents. They also execute arrest warrants and search warrants.
761:). These positions were to be abolished by §60 of the Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007, and replaced with the office of judicial officer under §57(1) of that enactment. This enactment was never brought into effect and was repealed under schedule 4 of the
179:: the officer responsible for executing the decisions of a court. The duty of the bailiff would thus include serving summonses and orders, and executing all warrants issued out of the corresponding court. The district within which the bailiff operated was called his
840:
Bailiffs are not debt collectors though some may hold debt collecting licences and in a number of jurisdictions government has contracted as bailiffs, persons or corporations who previously or concurrently conduct business as debt collectors and or process servers.
1091:, an able and ingenious administrator who founded the central institutions on which the French monarchy's system of power would be based, prepared the expansion of the royal demesne through his appointment of bailiffs in the king's northern lands (the
851:
The laws and practices pertaining to bailiffs and sheriffs are directly inherited from and modelled upon
British law and legal precedents but subsequently modified by legislation enacted and precedents formed in each state or territorial jurisdiction.
1000:). In some cases, the duties are separated between agencies in a given jurisdiction. For instance, a court officer may provide courtroom security in a jurisdiction where a sheriff or constable handles service of process and seizures.
548:, is an employee of HM Courts and Tribunals Service, and is concerned with enforcing certain judgments of the High Court, typically involving the enforcement of court orders relating to the custody of children in family law cases.
1868:
enforcing other writs of execution issued pursuant to separate provisions and writs of execution requiring to be enforced pursuant to separate provisions by way of court enforcement without providing them with the enforcement
503:
Certificated enforcement agents are used by local authorities, His
Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service and landlords for a variety of reasons such as collection of taxes, road traffic debts and commercial rent arrears.
1605:), however, are often, and inaccurately, translated into English as 'bailiff', though the latter under an Anglo Saxon law system is by no means identical to the former who is typical for many countries influenced by the
957:
the stand, etc.). The officers who perform the role of "bailiff" vary by state. In some states, the role is filled by court officers who work for the judiciary. In other states, the role is filled by county
1326:
By the late 16th century, the bailie's role had become mostly symbolic, and the lieutenant-bailie was the only one to hear cases. The administrative and financial role of the bailie courts declined in the
1146:
wholly to the central administration that he represented. "He was therefore fanatically loyal to the king," Norman Cantor observes, "and was concerned only with the full exercise of royal power." The
635:. However, it is illegal for a debt collector to call themselves a bailiff, if they are not – that is, if they are not a certified officer acting on a court order, they may not call themselves a
2080:
904:
will act as bailiffs for short and long term assignments and full-time bailiffs are typically recruited from the correctional officer ranks. Provincial bailiffs are armed with expandable
360:
1810:
Non-Catholics who are heads or senior members of royal or princely houses may be granted the insignia of a
Bailiff Knight Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion. These currently include
1138:
drawn from the great local families, the French bailiff was a paid government official, who had no power network in the area to which he had been assigned, and, in the way of a true
541:
certificated enforcement agents acting under the authority of a senior High Court enforcement officer, often a director of an enforcement firm for whom the enforcement agent works.
1712:, that were more or less honorary titles by that time. The two neighboring areas had needed the office to oversee the appointment of local council staff (mostly referred to as
598:, a home farm managed by the bailiff, several smaller farms occupied by tenants and possibly a tiny village (a collection of small cottages) in which the farm labourers lived.
1003:
868:
and the execution of arrest warrants. Some jurisdictions also require that applicants receive special training and have a degree in paralegal technology to become a bailiff.
1838:) is a public official (but not a civil servant) who is assigned to undertake enforcement action within the area of the jurisdiction of a single regional court (in Poland "
594:
and his managerial duties can include collecting rent, taxes and supervising both farm operations and labourers. Historically, the estate would typically include a hall or
848:
There are legislated constraints upon persons or corporations calling themselves bailiffs, sheriffs or police and upon using those terms in business or corporation names.
1818:. They are permitted to wear the collar, star, and sash of a bailiff, but, not being Catholic, do not receive any of the spiritual benefits of membership in the Order.
1617:
of goods, or make formal record of events, acts and circumstances. In
Belgium, the bailiff can be appointed by a confiscating court to exercise the judicial mandate of
642:
The officer appointed by a sheriff was also sometimes described as the sheriff's bailiff, on account of the similarity of the role. However, they are not the same, and
2533:
933:
916:. Duties normally associated with bailiffs in other jurisdictions, such as residential evictions, seizures, and other processes order by the court, are performed by
864:. In some jurisdictions, duties of the bailiff include the service of legal documents, repossession and evictions in accordance with court judgments, application of
627:
As most people's contact with bailiffs is when a bailiff comes to take property to enforce debt, public perception does not usually distinguish between bailiffs and
2118:
1414:), and the rest of the court system followed suit as the tipstaff was given the broadest powers. During the Renaissance, the four officers were reduced to two—the
2226:
1791:
The heads of several royal or princely houses who are
Knights Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion usually receive the dignity of bailiff. These currently include
2399:
833:
The bailiff operates within a defined geographical area (or areas), generally those of the jurisdiction of the court, and accordingly known as their bailiwick.
474:
1466:, and in northern France. The bailiff was a civil servant who represented the ruler in town and country. In Flanders the count usually appointed the bailiff.
1878:
exercising official supervision of the voluntary public auctions with adjudication to the lowest and highest bidder—upon a motion from the auction organizer.
1872:
drawing up the report regarding the actual state of affairs before commencing legal proceedings and issuing decisions—if ordered by the court or prosecutor,
478:
1210:) which was an itinerant court of first instance. The administrative network of bailiwicks was established in the 13th century over the Crown lands (the
985:(a junior lawyer in training under the judge's supervision). In those cases, physical security and prisoner handling would be handled by other officers.
2469:
2382:
1840:
a regional court is established for one or more communes, and, in justified cases, more than one regional court may be established for a single commune
2543:
1319:). Bailie and presidial courts were also the courts of first instance for certain crimes (previously the jurisdiction of manorial courts): sacrilege,
1724:), whose most important interests were the passage of travelers and goods by water (Muiden) and overland (Gooiland). The Netherlands was governed by
85:
185:, even to the present day. Bailiffs were outsiders and free men, that is, they were not usually from the bailiwick for which they were responsible.
2553:
2318:
2283:
1882:(Sources: *www.ms.gov.pl/en/the-judiciary-in-poland/ Ustawa o komornikach sądowych i egzekucji z dnia 29.08.1997; Kodeks postępowania Cywilnego)
1045:
in northern France, where the bailiff was responsible for the application of justice and control of the administration and local finances in his
611:
Epping Forest Act does include this title of appointment, these individuals are statutory bailiffs and the title is not merely just historic.
415:, and represents the Crown on civic occasions. The bailiff in each island must, in order to fulfill his judicial role, be a qualified lawyer.
462:
368:
10 p.m. (§ 142). It also limited the ability to bring a legal complaint against a bailiff; six days' notice now had to be given (§52).
2054:
762:
2049:
715:
was replaced by a two-tier system of regional councils and district councils. The two-tier system was later replaced by a system of
575:
266:
2503:
2193:
1804:
1351:
In medieval France court bailiffs did not exist as such, but their functions were carried out by several court officers. The
273:
is retained as a title by the chief officers of various towns and the keepers of royal castles, such as the High Bailiff of
1739:
is not used in the Netherlands, except for the position of president and some honorary bailiffs of the Dutch branch of the
486:
444:
2538:
2470:"Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, Article 130, para. 2"
2304:
430:
With the 19th-century renaming of bailiffs to "high bailiffs", their under-bailiffs generally came to be referred to as
1875:
serving court notices, announcements, objections, complaints and other documents against a receipt and date-annotation,
522:. The current frequency of different types of case means that they are mainly involved in recovering payment of unpaid
1764:
the term bailiff is used for an honour given to certain senior knights. The dignity of bailiff may be conferred upon:
2548:
2407:
2359:
2260:
2203:
1761:
913:
1343:), and by the end of the 18th century, the bailiwicks, which numbered in the hundreds, had become purely judicial.
1232:. Bailie courts, as royal courts, were made superior over existent local courts; these lower courts were called:
465:, and can seize and sell goods to recover money owed under a fine and community penalty notice, and also execute
1746:
A person who amongst others sees to the execution of court orders such as the confiscation of goods is called a
1403:, enforced judgments of the court, seized property, and made arrests. The tipstaff's badge of authority was his
312:, the county courts the bailiffs. Bailiffs were now appointed by a county court judge and were removable by the
149:. They are mostly known for being the officer that keeps the order in a court of law and swearing litigants in.
2346:
643:
535:
498:
309:
2476:
1897:
1800:
2379:
1407:, or staff, made of ebony, about 30 cm long, decorated with copper or ivory, and mandatory after 1560.
2528:
1088:
962:
708:
456:
988:
Whatever the name used, the agency providing court security is often the same agency charged with serving
1815:
1311:. In an effort to reduce the Parlements' caseload, several bailie courts were granted extended powers by
1198:, administrator, military organizer, and financial agent. In southern France the term generally used was
921:
727:
619:
Jury bailiffs are court ushers who monitor juries during their deliberations and during overnight stays.
304:; in turn, the remaining elements of the shire court took over the powers of the hundred courts, to form
796:
2558:
2333:
2170:
1785:
1585:
terms translated as 'bailiff' in English, are no longer found in one officer. The modern Belgian terms
1367:), or court crier, adjourned and called the court to order and announced its orders or directions. The
1323:, kidnapping, rape, heresy, money defacement, sedition, insurrection, and illegal bearing of weapons.
771:
does exist, with power to enforce legislation relating to the illegal collection of salmon and trout.
518:
County Court bailiffs remain directly employed by HM Courts Service, carrying out enforcement for the
110:
2513:
1659:
vente aux enchères publiques par le ministère de Me Grégoire, huissier, 26, rue Josaphat, à Bruxelles
392:
382:
243:
2421:
265:
In the 19th century, the administrative functions of courts were mostly replaced by the creation of
64:
20:
2252:
1641:, a collectively negotiated settlement of debts, which is comparable with the regulations by the
2119:"Most of the 2m people in England and Wales contacted by bailiffs report intimidating behaviour"
876:
1796:
1693:
1680:, which had various meanings and sometimes carried the same privileges and duties as the title
905:
485:). These functions can also be carried out by employees of private companies authorised by the
345:
231:
81:
1811:
1212:
1093:
792:
723:
523:
519:
400:
301:
274:
2039:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1908:
1792:
1747:
1119:). The equivalent agent in the king's southern lands acquired after the inheritance of the
901:
735:
513:
470:
247:
734:
as an administrative body. However, the term bailie is still used as an honorary title by
122:
is a manager, overseer or custodian – a legal officer to whom some degree of authority or
8:
1776:
1740:
1650:
In auction catalogs published in Brussels at the beginning of the 20th century, the term
1597:
1587:
1502:
1328:
1217:
1151:
970:
780:
443:
33% who had an interaction with a bailiff suffered behaviour that broke the rules of the
1728:
as well as by regional city councils, and both institutions once had honorary titles of
826:
The officers exercising criminal law jurisdiction are the police and policing agencies.
296:
In the 20th century, the court system in England was drastically re-organised, with the
1610:
1312:
1120:
1108:
889:
567:
412:
90:
2081:"Rule-breaking bailiffs pushing people further into crisis as fees add £250m to debts"
1332:
333:, perhaps because they followed debtors very closely behind them; in France, the term
2256:
2199:
1921:
1917:
1769:
1463:
1229:
808:
754:
716:
562:
Water bailiffs also exist in England and Wales to police bodies of water and prevent
424:
140:
1573:
to oversee the administration and jurisdiction of a manorial estate or equivalent.
1570:
1532:
1524:
1163:
1147:
1104:
978:
758:
661:
364:
349:
259:
126:
is given. Bailiffs are of various kinds and their offices and duties vary greatly.
1169:
1041:
2386:
1967:
1831:
1606:
1592:
1304:
1241:
1035:
1023:
746:
731:
563:
439:
408:
388:
313:
239:
175:
2001:
1602:
1582:
1300:
1131:
1112:
784:
628:
466:
189:
1303:, provost courts) but was the court of first instance for suits involving the
1268:
2522:
2045:
2040:
1470:
1195:
1143:
989:
949:
861:
768:
750:
691:
607:
587:
557:
395:
is the first civil officer in each of the two bailiwicks. He is appointed by
219:
54:
570:
and when executing their duties, have the powers and privileges of a police
1862:
enforcing judicial decisions concerning pecuniary and non-pecuniary claims,
1614:
1410:
The Parlement courts consolidated most of these functions in its tipstaff (
1068:
909:
804:
739:
673:
353:
305:
278:
202:
123:
74:
2508:
649:
Due to the negative association with debt collection, in former times, in
2148:
1671:
1558:
1459:
1246:
1006:
became the first female bailiff in the United States in 1870 in Wyoming.
997:
865:
679:
595:
326:
215:
1438:). In 1705 the two professions were fused by royal edict under the name
2058:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 218.
2005:
1725:
1139:
704:
591:
2319:"Claims bailiffs took €3000 of good from wrong house - Independent.ie"
1422:—who took on all these functions, with the distinction being that the
1379:, was the court's messenger and served process, especially summonses (
745:
The Scottish equivalent of a sheriff's bailiff or high bailiff is the
722:
Under the new arrangements the bailies were abolished and replaced by
1972:
1925:
1688:
1682:
1528:
1519:
1514:
1359:), or usher, originally the doorkeeper, kept order in the court. The
1340:
1308:
1228:) which had been in use in formerly sovereign territories, e.g., the
1183:
1124:
1076:
1046:
982:
974:
897:
892:
between correctional facilities such as jails and prisons. Under the
820:
639:. Debt collectors do not have the powers or authority of a bailiff.
631:. Indeed, many debt collectors often publicly refer to themselves as
571:
482:
396:
181:
1956:
1929:
1609:. The bailiff is a sworn officer who may legally deliver exploits (
1540:
1506:
1498:
1451:
1400:
1336:
1307:. Appeal of bailie court judgments lay in turn with the provincial
1253:
993:
896:, while transporting prisoners, bailiffs have the powers of police
800:
650:
545:
399:, and holds office until retirement. He presides as a judge in the
290:
282:
223:
2198:. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1 Jan 1996 – (311 pages) – Page 24.
1154:
provided the clerks and lawyers who served as the king's bailiff.
807:, and the collection of unpaid tax. A bailiff is subordinate to a
1977:
1719:
1562:
1554:
1494:
1490:
1455:
1320:
1191:
1135:
966:
958:
917:
885:
656:
297:
166:
145:
27:
860:
In parts of Canada, bailiffs are responsible for the service of
300:
taking some of the powers of the shire courts, and becoming the
1982:
1933:
1827:
1715:
1699:
1676:
1549:
1485:
1475:
1376:
1299:). Bailie courts had appellate jurisdiction over lower courts (
1174:
1103:" which had been used by earlier sovereign princes such as the
1097:), based on the medieval fiscal and tax division known as the "
1015:
712:
170:
289:
now refers to a municipal officer corresponding to an English
1945:
701:
404:
197:
1272:, sat by a castellan (position could be held by non-nobles);
1224:. They were based on pre-existing tax collection districts (
1891:
1707:
1295:
The bailie court was presided over by a lieutenant-bailie (
738:
for a number of senior councilors who can deputise for the
678:
The High Bailiff is the head stipendiary magistrate in the
325:
associated with debt-collection, in the public's minds. By
135:
2422:"A List of Firsts for Wyoming Women | WyoHistory.org"
1445:
1039:) was the king's administrative representative during the
924:
or "private" bailiffs if initiated without a court order.
210:
was used in relation to the lower courts. Primarily then,
2404:
California Department of Corrections & Rehabilitation
730:, these posts no longer holding any authority within the
1853:
The Court Bailiffs and Enforcement Act of 20 August 1997
1844:
the Court Bailiffs and Enforcement Act of 20 August 1997
1067:, "administrative official, deputy") was derived from a
192:, the Saxon and Norman populations gradually mixed, and
1075:
meaning "official in charge of a castle", i.e. a royal
1777:
Knight Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion in Obedience
1629:(in French), a debt negotiator, in a procedure called
1473:
and German-speaking Europe this position was known as
660:
was often used as slang for destructive floods of the
912:
and operate under the jurisdiction of the provincial
114:
Bailiff's notice on boarded-up premises, London, 2015
1755:
1613:), see to the execution of court orders such as the
341:) was similarly used for their equivalent officers.
254:), magistrates' courts acquired their own bailiffs.
214:referred to the officer executing the decisions of
1220:who commissioned the first bailiff under the name
529:
492:
2534:Law enforcement occupations in the United Kingdom
2334:"Explainer: Who and what are Ireland's sheriffs?"
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
837:persons carrying on business as process servers.
80:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
2520:
2400:"California Adult Corrections Officer Core Task"
1581:Most of the functions associated with the older
1346:
1182:), or bailie, was the king's chief officer in a
934:Ministry of Public and Business Service Delivery
2168:
1450:The office of bailiff was historically used in
461:Civilian enforcement officers are employees of
2062:
622:
344:To avoid confusion with their underlings, the
2347:Ontario Ministry of Correctional Services Act
1901:
1315:and were thereafter called presidial courts (
2462:
2442:1993:412f, discusses the institution of the
1657:
1651:
1636:
1624:
1098:
1051:
129:Another official sometimes referred to as a
1781:a Knight Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion
1642:
1630:
1618:
961:'s deputies who are assigned to the court,
2249:A Practical Approach to Criminal Procedure
763:Public Services Reform (Scotland) Act 2010
711:before 1975 when the system of burghs and
574:for the purpose of the enforcement of the
463:His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service
206:as a contraction of "shire-reeve"), while
2246:
1858:The court bailiffs are responsible for:
1263:) (position could be held by non-nobles);
1087:In the late 12th and early 13th century,
880:Ontario provincial bailiff shoulder flash
601:
2191:
2044:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
1656:is associated with auction sales, i.e.,
1111:, the count appointed similar bailiffs (
992:and seizing and selling property (e.g.,
875:
576:Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975
507:
450:
329:'s time, they had acquired the nickname
143:a similar function was performed by the
109:
2554:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
2143:
2141:
2139:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
1644:Wet Schuldsanering Natuurlijke Personen
1569:was the senior official appointed by a
1446:Low Countries and German-speaking lands
544:Another officer of the High Court, the
2544:Political history of the Ancien Régime
2521:
2331:
1206:. The bailie convened a bailie court (
981:) and may be performed by the judge's
888:, provincial bailiffs provide primary
774:
696:The Scottish form of this post is the
590:. The farm bailiff is employed by the
566:. They are generally employees of the
2151:. HMcourts-service.gov.uk. 2011-04-01
2116:
2018:
1805:Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
1696:for example, carried both the titles
1483:), but other words were used such as
1034:
932:Private bailiffs are licensed by the
894:Ministry of Correctional Services Act
2360:"Courts of Justice Act, Section 141"
2136:
2099:
418:
157:
32:
2440:The Civilization of the Middle Ages
1950:
1250:) appointed and paid by the bailie;
1190:), serving as chief magistrate for
1130:Unlike the local administration of
927:
371:
269:(councils). Nevertheless, the term
13:
791:) is an official appointed by the
376:
361:Law of Distress Amendment Act 1888
70:for transliterated languages, and
50:of its non-English content, using
14:
2570:
2497:
1939:
1786:Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church
1762:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1756:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1692:, depending on the jurisdiction.
1674:, the term bailiff translates to
914:Ministry of the Solicitor General
2032:
1842:"*). With the 2008 amendment of
943:
614:
551:
403:, and takes the opinions of the
152:
37:
2449:
2432:
2414:
2392:
2389:, Ministry of Consumer Services
2380:The Role and Rights of Bailiffs
2373:
2352:
2340:
2325:
2311:
2297:
2276:
2195:Daily Life in Victorian England
644:High Court enforcement officers
581:
530:High Court enforcement officers
493:Certificated enforcement agents
2332:Hyland, Paul (5 August 2012).
2240:
2219:
2185:
2173:. Oxford University Press 2015
2162:
2117:Marsh, Sarah (22 March 2023).
1994:
1885:
1865:securing the aforesaid claims,
1665:
1638:médiation collective de dettes
1266:elsewhere in northern France,
1157:
667:
536:High Court enforcement officer
499:Certificated enforcement agent
308:. The High Court acquired the
86:multilingual support templates
16:Manager, overseer or custodian
1:
2305:"When bailiffs come knocking"
2169:Learners Dictionary, Oxford.
1988:
1898:Swedish Enforcement Authority
1801:Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou
1770:Knight Grand Cross of Justice
1489:"reeve, (medieval) bailiff" (
1347:Ushers, beadles and tipstaffs
900:. When necessary, Provincial
653:of eastern England, the term
481:(formally called distress or
319:
2475:. Rome. 1998. Archived from
2171:"Oxford Learners Dictionary"
1632:collectieve schuldenregeling
1426:served in higher courts and
1297:lieutenant général du bailli
1004:Martha Symons Boies Atkinson
845:be referred to as bailiffs.
814:
709:local government in Scotland
457:Civilian enforcement officer
407:; he also presides over the
7:
2227:"Volunteer Fishing Bailiff"
1961:
1816:George Mikhailovich Romanov
1647:(WSNP) in the Netherlands.
922:Attorney General of Ontario
890:transportation of prisoners
767:In Scotland, the office of
728:District Courts of Scotland
685:
623:Colloquial uses of the word
246:. With the introduction of
230:was the chief officer of a
10:
2575:
1954:
1943:
1889:
1812:King Simeon II of Bulgaria
1670:In Netherlands during the
1576:
1331:(superseded by the king's
1161:
1082:
871:
689:
671:
555:
533:
511:
496:
454:
380:
352:c. 43) renamed bailifs as
25:
18:
2251:(11th ed.). Oxford:
2149:"HMcourts-service.gov.uk"
1821:
1793:King Albert II of Belgium
1772:(i.e. a professed knight)
1009:
855:
795:who is involved with the
438:It has been estimated by
383:Bailiff (Channel Islands)
267:elected local authorities
165:was the term used by the
2549:Scots law general titles
2539:Law of the Ancien Régime
2504:Bailiff Powers in The UK
2192:Mitchell, Sally (1996).
920:under the office of the
797:enforcement of judgments
244:principal civil officers
26:Not to be confused with
21:Bailiff (disambiguation)
2253:Oxford University Press
2234:www.cityoflondon.gov.uk
2055:Encyclopædia Britannica
1434:) and manorial courts (
586:Farm bailiffs exist on
1902:
1835:
1797:Franz, Duke of Bavaria
1694:Pieter Cornelisz Hooft
1658:
1652:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1142:, owed his income and
1116:
1099:
1052:
1027:
881:
788:
602:Epping Forest bailiffs
524:County Court judgments
346:County Courts Act 1888
196:came to be limited to
115:
1903:Kronofogdemyndigheten
1735:These days, the term
1259:, sat by a viscount (
1202:who held office in a
1063:(12th-century French
1032:French pronunciation:
1014:In pre-revolutionary
902:correctional officers
879:
793:Revenue Commissioners
724:justices of the peace
646:have greater powers.
508:County Court bailiffs
451:Magistrates' bailiffs
302:High Court of Justice
248:justices of the peace
200:-level courts (hence
113:
1333:royal tax collectors
1317:baillages présidiaux
971:corrections officers
736:Glasgow City Council
700:. Bailies served as
514:County Court bailiff
48:specify the language
46:This article should
19:For other uses, see
2529:Judiciary of Poland
2509:Private Bailiffs UK
2482:on 22 December 2018
2307:. 16 November 2010.
1830:, a court bailiff (
1741:Knights Hospitaller
1626:médiateur de dettes
1598:gerechtsdeurwaarder
1588:huissier de justice
1391:). And finally the
1329:early modern period
1152:University of Paris
781:Republic of Ireland
775:Republic of Ireland
717:unitary authorities
487:Ministry of Justice
445:Ministry of Justice
277:and the Bailiff of
2438:Norman F. Cantor,
2426:www.wyohistory.org
2410:on March 24, 2012.
2385:2010-04-15 at the
2362:. E-laws.gov.on.ca
2286:. Fromoldbooks.org
2284:"Fromoldbooks.org"
2247:Sprack, J (2006).
1531:" (other parts of
1517:" (Asse, Leuven),
1436:sergent de justice
1430:in bailie courts (
1313:Henry II of France
1275:or, in the south,
1121:County of Toulouse
979:"sergeant at arms"
882:
568:Environment Agency
467:warrants of arrest
413:States of Guernsey
116:
2559:Kingdom of France
1918:government agency
1620:schuldbemiddelaar
1230:Duchy of Normandy
1148:cathedral schools
755:messenger-at-arms
707:in the system of
425:England and Wales
419:England and Wales
365:51 & 52 Vict.
350:51 & 52 Vict.
158:Historic bailiffs
141:Holy Roman Empire
108:
107:
88:may also be used.
2566:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2481:
2474:
2466:
2460:
2453:
2447:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2406:. Archived from
2396:
2390:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2356:
2350:
2349:(see Section 19)
2344:
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2035:
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2016:
1998:
1951:Byzantine Empire
1905:
1661:
1655:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1571:territorial lord
1238:prévôtés royales
1236:provost courts (
1164:Bailiff (France)
1105:Duke of Normandy
1102:
1055:
1038:
1033:
928:Private bailiffs
759:court of session
662:River Great Ouse
372:Modern-day usage
260:Walter of Henley
103:
100:
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2518:
2514:Using a Bailiff
2500:
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2387:Wayback Machine
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2090:
2088:
2087:. 22 March 2023
2085:Citizens Advice
2079:
2078:
2063:
2048:, ed. (1911). "
2033:
2031:
2030:
2019:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1968:Bailiff (order)
1964:
1959:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1922:debt collection
1894:
1888:
1836:komornik sądowy
1824:
1758:
1668:
1611:process serving
1607:Napoleonic Code
1579:
1503:s-Hertogenbosch
1448:
1349:
1339:, and later by
1335:and provincial
1301:manorial courts
1218:Philip Augustus
1208:cour baillivale
1172:in France, the
1166:
1160:
1085:
1031:
1012:
946:
930:
874:
858:
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747:sheriff officer
732:local authority
726:serving in the
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564:illegal fishing
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440:Citizens Advice
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409:States Assembly
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322:
314:Lord Chancellor
240:Channel Islands
222:. Likewise, in
216:manorial courts
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104:
98:
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77:
71:
67:
65:transliteration
61:
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2499:
2498:External links
2496:
2494:
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2413:
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2339:
2324:
2321:. 12 May 2010.
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2017:
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1944:Main article:
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1251:
1162:Main article:
1159:
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1132:Norman England
1089:King Philip II
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963:state troopers
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242:they were the
238:), and in the
220:hundred courts
190:Norman England
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84:. Knowledge's
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2041:public domain
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1471:Low Countries
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1189:
1186:or bailiery (
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1170:Ancien Régime
1165:
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805:repossessions
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783:, a bailiff (
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769:water bailiff
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2484:. Retrieved
2477:the original
2464:
2456:
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2439:
2434:
2425:
2416:
2408:the original
2403:
2394:
2375:
2364:. Retrieved
2354:
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2313:
2299:
2288:. Retrieved
2278:
2271:
2267:
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2233:
2221:
2209:. Retrieved
2194:
2187:
2175:. Retrieved
2164:
2153:. Retrieved
2126:. Retrieved
2123:The Guardian
2122:
2089:. Retrieved
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