325:, particularly the way that the ideology was adopted by Egypt and Syria. He wrote that socialism was an "evil" system that merely served to concentrate power and wealth into the hands of the elite by seizing resources, denying individual freedom and justice to citizens and encouraging immorality in society. Moreover, he claimed socialism was an assault on religion and religious individuals. During his time in al-Ghazzi's cabinet, he publicly stated his opposition to Quwatli's closeness with the
35:
436:. According to Jayyusi, Badawi "surpassed all his neo-classical contemporaries ... by his ability to achieve a universality, to arrive at the poetic moment in which the factual and metaphysical merge." His poetry often expressed constant loneliness, unquenchable thirst and foreboding which reflected the real-time events of his life and the greater Arab population yet in nature, were abstract.
418:) into modern Arabic poetry is an unnecessary innovation, arguing that the classical Arabic form is a satisfactory means of expression in the modern day. He did not consider free verse to be poetry at all, but rather a completely different form of literature, insistent that eventually, Arabic poets would return to the classical tradition.
352:
in
February 1958, Badawi lambasted the union for bringing an end to the democratic system in Syria. By that time, pan-Arabist feeling was becoming dominant in the country, and Badawi had entered into a self-imposed exile as a precaution against potential harassment by the authorities. He first moved
409:
tradition. Although Badawi refused to introduce modern Arabic wording to his poetry, his work was influenced to a certain extent by his modern experience of exile, poverty and political activism. Thus, while his poems are generally considered to be representative of the conservative genre, his work
443:
as testified by a moment during one of his parliamentary campaigns in the 1950s when a crowd of supporters gathered around to hear him speak about his political goals. Instead of immediately speaking to the crowd, he locked himself in a study and penned a profanely mystical love poem called
365:, which Badawi referred to as his new "permanent residence". In 1962, months after the dissolution of the Syrian-Egyptian union in a Damascus-based coup that Badawi supported, he returned to Syria, but decided to stay out of politics. From then on, Badawi focused his energies on his poetry.
219:
for a short time before being arrested by the authorities for his earlier anti-French activities. After serving one year of incarceration he once again moved to
Baghdad to resume his teaching career. He became a professor of
431:
the wine of His knowledge and love." Unlike most Arabic poets of his generation, Badawi's work remained firmly rooted in classical tradition. He belonged to the neoclassical school of Arabic poets, which included
390:
in 1925, it consisted mostly of traditional poems representative of the politically charged atmosphere of the times and the Syrian public's mood. He began publishing his poetry in magazines based in
196:. Badawi was incarcerated by the French Mandatory authorities for many months in 1920โ21 for his involvement in Syrian resistance activities, but was ultimately released because of his young age.
306:
overthrew the government in 1951. Between that time and
Shishakli's ousting in 1954, Badawi actively opposed military rule. In March 1954, he was appointed Health Minister in Prime Minister
394:
and
Damascus in the early 1940s. His poems centered on romantic Arabic verse and criticism of the state of Syria's politics. It was during his time working with the
248:
as a member of the
National Bloc. Following Syria's independence in 1946, Badawi won parliamentary elections in 1947 and 1949. He was instrumental in founding the
836:
851:
321:'s cabinet as Minister of State for Media Affairs between September 1955 โ June 1956, during Quwatli's third presidency. Badawi was a fierce critic of
283:
over Arab forces, Badawi blamed the leadership of the Arab countries for leading their people to defeat. A warrant for Badawi's arrest was issued when
244:
upon his return to Syria in 1943. The party opposed French rule and lobbied for Syria's unity and independence. That same year, he was voted into the
295:, before returning later that year after al-Zaim was assassinated. In December he became the chief publicist of the government under President
428:, greatly influenced Badawi's later works. He believed that through exploring one's own heart, one could find "the beauty of his God, and sip
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went "much beyond the mere imitation of classical models", according to Stefan Sperl. In Badawi's view, the incorporation of
757:
673:
310:'s cabinet under Atassi's reinstated presidency, serving the post until June. He was once again appointed the position in
203:, personally heading parties of rebels in nighttime raids on French Military checkpoints. Consequently, the French put a
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188:'s men, committing acts of sabotage against French forces. He also served as an intermediary between al-Ali and the
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Early in his career, Badawi viewed the role of the poet as synonymous with that of the "public spokesman of the
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653:
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121:), was a Syrian poet known for his work in the neo-classical Arabic form. According to anthologist
34:
173:
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241:
225:
759:
Qasida poetry in
Islamic Asia and Africa: Eulogy's Bounty, Meaning's Abundance, an Anthology
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and others, and served on its central committee. The party advocated for modernization and
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8:
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161:-based Arab Academy of Language in 1919. Badawi developed an early understanding of the
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299:. During his time in the post, he penned articles commending the new leadership.
269:
221:
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114:
102:
632:
Auden, W. H. (2005), "Al-Badawi, Jabal", in Alan Parker; Mark
Willhardt (eds.),
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high school. In 1936, he made his way back to Syria where he studied law at the
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402:("Bedouin from the Mountain") by the head of the magazine, Midhat Akkash.
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on him and he left Syria for Iraq. There, he worked as a teacher of
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149:. His father, Sheikh Sulayman al-Ahmad, was a prominent Alawite
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125:, Badawi was "one of the greatest poets of the old school".
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Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900โ2000
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His poetic style was classical Arabic prose, based on the
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the government in March 1949. Badawi subsequently fled to
314:'s government in October, serving until February 1955.
232:'s attempts to rid Iraq of British influence in 1941.
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The Atassi administration was short-lived as
Officer
228:. During his time in Iraq, he reportedly supported
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157:tribal confederation, and also served in the
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439:Badawi's poetry also reflected an extent of
852:Academic staff of the University of Baghdad
635:Who's Who in Twentieth Century World Poetry
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376:community", according to literature expert
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424:literary influences, particularly that of
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837:Members of the People's Assembly of Syria
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398:magazine that he was given his pen name
348:When Syria and Egypt united to form the
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260:, arguing against any mergers with the
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716:Asad: The Struggle for the Middle East
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742:, vol. 1, Taylor & Francis,
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380:. Thus, when he published his first
275:In reaction to the establishment of
448:, which he then read to the crowd.
235:
199:Later, he participated in the 1925
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106:
13:
857:National Party (Syria) politicians
720:, University of California Press,
675:Modern Arabic Poetry: An Anthology
14:
868:
827:National Bloc (Syria) politicians
740:Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature
738:, in Julie Scott Meismani (ed.),
779:Palestine and Modern Arab Poetry
109:), better known by his pen name
847:People of the Franco-Syrian War
817:People from Latakia Governorate
624:
600:
591:
672:Jayyusi, Salma Khadra (1987),
652:Jayyusi, Salma Khadra (1977),
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133:Badawi was born in 1903 to an
1:
736:"Badawi al-Jabal (1907โ1981)"
678:, Columbia University Press,
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128:
832:Ministers of health of Syria
776:Sulaiman, Khalid A. (1984),
7:
606:Jayyusi, 1977, pp. 397โ398.
10:
873:
692:Moubayed, Sami M. (2006),
174:French occupation of Syria
99:Muhammad Sulayman al-Ahmad
48:Muhammad Sulayman al-Ahmad
842:20th-century Syrian poets
386:(collection of poems) in
368:
137:family in the village of
101:(1903โ August 19, 1981) (
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80:
66:
44:
32:
23:
712:Seale, Patrick (1990),
576:Sulaiman, 1984, p. 129.
567:Moubayed, 2006, p. 544.
551:Moubayed, 2006, p. 543.
500:Meismani, 1998, p. 121.
476:Moubayed, 2006, p. 542.
317:Badawi later served in
762:, vol. 2, BRILL,
756:Sperl, Stefan (1996),
658:, vol. 2, BRILL,
618:Jayyusi, 1977, p. 212.
597:Jayyusi, 1977, p. 596.
361:, before ending up in
287:, a military officer,
217:University of Damascus
734:Snir, Reuven (1998),
514:Jayyusi, 1987, p. 61.
226:University of Baghdad
39:Badawi al-Jabal, 1954
353:to Lebanon, then to
350:United Arab Republic
180:, Badawi joined the
176:in the aftermath of
123:Salma Khadra Jayyusi
526:Seale, 1990, p. 19.
246:Parliament of Syria
201:Great Syrian Revolt
535:Auden, 2005, p. 1.
339:Gamal Abdel Nasser
240:Badawi joined the
107:ู
ุญู
ุฏ ุณููู
ุงู ุงูุฃุญู
ุฏ
304:Adib al-Shishakli
254:Shukri al-Quwatli
209:Arabic literature
169:from his father.
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74:(aged 77โ78)
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236:Political career
147:Latakia District
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84:Badawi al-Jabal
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70:August 19, 1981
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25:Badawi al-Jabal
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446:The Holy Flame
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319:Said al-Ghazzi
308:Sabri al-Asali
264:monarchies of
250:National Party
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172:Following the
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285:Husni al-Zaim
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258:republicanism
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242:National Bloc
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625:Bibliography
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445:
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434:Ahmed Shawqi
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426:Ibn al-Farid
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381:
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347:
343:Soviet Union
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186:Saleh al-Ali
171:
167:Arabic poems
165:and classic
132:
110:
98:
97:
92:Poet, writer
72:(1981-08-19)
18:
812:1981 deaths
807:1903 births
407:Abbasid-era
378:Reuven Snir
363:Switzerland
327:pan-Arabist
252:along with
178:World War I
16:Syrian poet
801:Categories
452:References
441:automatism
416:free verse
412:shi'r hurr
341:, and the
230:Rashid Ali
129:Early life
119:ุจุฏูู ุงูุฌุจู
89:Occupation
27:ุจุฏูู ุงูุฌุจู
396:Alif Ba'e
331:socialist
323:socialism
262:Hashemite
153:from the
145:, in the
194:Faisal I
159:Damascus
155:Kalbiyya
143:al-Haffa
81:Pen name
359:Tunisia
293:Lebanon
289:toppled
281:victory
224:at the
213:Baghdad
141:, near
135:Alawite
62:, Syria
52: (
786:
766:
746:
724:
702:
682:
662:
642:
392:Beirut
369:Poetry
355:Turkey
277:Israel
266:Jordan
222:Arabic
205:bounty
163:Qur'an
115:Arabic
103:Arabic
388:Sidon
383:diwan
335:Egypt
211:in a
76:Syria
784:ISBN
764:ISBN
744:ISBN
722:ISBN
700:ISBN
680:ISBN
660:ISBN
640:ISBN
422:Sufi
357:and
329:and
270:Iraq
268:and
151:imam
139:Difa
67:Died
60:Difa
54:1903
50:1903
45:Born
803::
611:^
581:^
556:^
540:^
519:^
505:^
481:^
459:^
345:.
337:,
272:.
192:,
117::
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