190:
directly responsible for the increases in Sr-90. In one study, researchers reported that Sr-90 concentrations in baby teeth are higher in areas around nuclear power plants than in other areas. However, numerous peer-reviewed, scientific studies do not substantiate such claims. This has also sometimes been referred to as “The Tooth Fairy
Project.”
217:, has been promoting a similar study to track lead levels in the local children. Per the news coverage, "She expects the forthcoming report to include information on the initial results of brain assessments of children exposed to Flint water and early results of testing baby teeth of Flint children to measure their exposure to lead."
124:, in the mid-1950s or earlier it was known that strontium 90 is taken up particularly easily by children, that it causes bone tumors, and that "according to the British and American official reports, some children in both countries have already accumulated a measurable amount of radioactive strontium in their bodies."
189:
assert that levels of radioactive strontium-90 (Sr-90) are rising in the environment and that these increased levels are responsible for increases in cancers, particularly cancers in children, and infant mortality. The group also made the claim that radioactive effluents from nuclear power plants are
87:
in children had risen steadily in children born in the 1950s, with those born later showing the most increased levels. The results of a more comprehensive study of the elements found in the teeth collected showed that children born in 1963 had levels of strontium-90 in their baby teeth that were 50
157:
in their stored baby teeth that were twice the levels of those who were still alive at 50. The U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission reports that these finding are seriously flawed and that the Radiation and Public Health Project has not followed good scientific practice in the conducting of these
323:"Babies Surveyed For Strontium 90; Ratio to Calcium in Bones Is Discovered to Be Low A survey has shown that pregnant mothers and their unborn children absorb radioactive strontium, as a substitute for calcium, only about 10 per cent of the time"
153:. By tracking 3,000 individuals who had participated in the tooth-collection project, the RPHP published results that showed that the 12 children who later died of cancer before the age of 50 had levels of
70:
area, hoping to gather 50,000 teeth each year. The school-aged children were encouraged to mail in their newly lost baby teeth by colorful posters displayed in classrooms, and the reward of a colorful
636:
62:
radioactive isotope created by the more than 400 atomic tests conducted above ground that is absorbed from water and dairy products into the bones and teeth given its chemical similarity to
253:
476:
Mangano, Joseph J.; Sherman, Janette D. (January 2011). "Elevated in Vivo
Strontium-90 from Nuclear Weapons Test Fallout among Cancer Decedents: A Case-Control Study of Deciduous Teeth".
74:. Ultimately over 320,000 teeth were donated by children of various ages. The inception of the project took place in December 1958, continuing for 12 years, eventually ending in 1970.
341:
Reiss, L. Z. (24 November 1961). "Strontium-90 Absorption by
Deciduous Teeth: Analysis of teeth provides a practicable method of monitoring strontium-90 uptake by human populations".
141:, explained that to find out more about how the human body uptakes radioactive elements, research should be done on the elements present in a child's first set of teeth.
158:
studies, in particular confusing correlation for causation and incorrectly conflating risk from nuclear weapon testing fallout with radiation from nuclear power plants.
166:
The Baby Tooth Survey inspired a number of similar initiatives in other parts of the world. For example, what became known as the Tooth Fairy
Project was developed in
178:(CSIR) in order to determine whether human health impacts arising from radioactivity and heavy metal pollution downstream from gold mining activities, driven by
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times higher than those found in children born in 1950, before the advent of large-scale atomic testing. The findings helped convince U.S. President
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A set of 85,000 teeth that had been uncovered in storage in 2001 by
Washington University were given to the
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was initiated by the
Greater St. Louis Citizens' Committee for Nuclear Information in conjunction with
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274:"Scientist-citizen advocacy in the atomic age: A case study of the Baby Tooth Survey, 1958-1963"
24:
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Preliminary results published by the team in the
November 24, 1961, edition of the journal
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in the human anatomy by examining the levels of radioactive material absorbed into the
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623:"Dr. Mona tells '60 Minutes' 80% of Flint kids tested need special services"
564:. Southafricawatercrisis.blogspot.com (2008-11-22). Retrieved on 2011-01-12.
586:
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Tooth fairy project may reveal effect of uranium - Environment South Africa
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101:
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59:
55:
43:
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used baby teeth in the same way that Barry
Commoner did but for testing
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595:
Lead wars: the politics of science and the fate of
America's children
576:
Radiation Protection and the "Tooth Fairy" Issue retrieved 11/29/2018
540:
Radiation Protection and the "Tooth Fairy" Issue retrieved 11/29/2018
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412:
67:
63:
380:"Dr. Louise Reiss, Who Helped Ban Atomic Testing, Dies at 90"
42:
Founded by the husband and wife team of physicians Eric and
609:
Needleman drew upon a method perfected by Barry Commoner...
203:
552:. Environment.co.za (2010-05-22). Retrieved on 2011-01-12.
597:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 84.
54:, the research focused on detecting the presence of
66:. The team sent collection forms to schools in the
254:"Decades later, Baby Tooth Survey legacy lives on"
656:
562:South Africa Water Crisis - Poisoning the Masses
133:, a British science and technology journal, Dr.
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574:https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0721/ML072150423.pdf
538:https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0721/ML072150423.pdf
528:, December 13, 2010. Accessed January 10, 2011.
331:, November 25, 1961. Accessed January 10, 2011.
29:Washington University School of Dental Medicine
475:
413:"An international milk teeth radiation census"
388:, January 10, 2011. Accessed January 10, 2011.
176:Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
262:, August 1, 2013. Accessed February 11, 2018.
193:
520:"Study of Baby Teeth Sees Radiation Effects"
243:, March 18, 1969. Accessed January 10, 2011.
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31:as a means of determining the effects of
478:International Journal of Health Services
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374:
372:
213:, a pediatrician who helped expose the
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46:, along with other scientists such as
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144:
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271:
108:that placed the greatest amounts of
187:Radiation and Public Health Project
185:A number of related studies by the
161:
151:Radiation and Public Health Project
127:In an article published in 1958 in
13:
685:Washington University in St. Louis
14:
706:
665:Radiation health effects research
639:from the original on 7 April 2020
401:by Penguin Books, 1957, pp 42-43.
16:1961 study of radioactive fallout
206:levels instead of strontium-90.
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104:, which ended the above-ground
94:Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
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1:
675:Research in the United States
621:Fonger, Ron (13 March 2020).
411:Kalckar, H. M. (1958-08-02).
355:10.1126/science.134.3491.1669
220:
120:According to Irish scientist
115:
7:
235:"Teeth to Measure Fall-Out"
10:
711:
194:Similar baby tooth studies
690:Surveys (human research)
139:Johns Hopkins University
259:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
106:nuclear weapons testing
680:Saint Louis University
83:showed that levels of
25:Saint Louis University
112:into the atmosphere.
633:Advance Publications
272:Gerl, Ellen (2014).
174:and his team at the
429:1958Natur.182..283K
397:Kathleen Lonsdale,
349:(3491): 1669–1673.
525:The New York Times
399:Is Peace Possible?
385:The New York Times
328:The New York Times
321:Sullivan, Walter.
240:The New York Times
215:Flint Water Crisis
211:Mona Hanna-Attisha
180:acid mine drainage
145:Follow-up analysis
137:, a biochemist at
670:Research projects
628:The Flint Journal
591:Markowitz, Gerald
518:Wald, Matthew L.
490:10.2190/HS.41.1.j
423:(4631): 283–284.
303:digital.shsmo.org
252:Tomich, Jeffrey.
200:Herbert Needleman
182:, was occurring.
122:Kathleen Lonsdale
21:Baby Tooth Survey
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198:In early 1970s
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110:nuclear fallout
90:John F. Kennedy
52:Ursula Franklin
37:deciduous teeth
33:nuclear fallout
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135:Herman Kalckar
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98:United Kingdom
60:cancer-causing
48:Barry Commoner
39:of children.
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641:. Retrieved
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168:South Africa
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155:strontium-90
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102:Soviet Union
92:to sign the
85:strontium-90
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56:strontium-90
44:Louise Reiss
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18:
659:Categories
308:2023-08-23
299:"Page 131"
221:References
116:Background
447:0028-0836
96:with the
68:St. Louis
643:21 March
637:Archived
593:(2014).
506:22704351
498:21319726
463:21653286
455:13577816
363:14491339
27:and the
425:Bibcode
343:Science
233:Staff.
170:by Dr.
80:Science
64:calcium
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417:Nature
361:
130:Nature
72:button
695:Teeth
502:S2CID
459:S2CID
281:PRism
277:(PDF)
645:2021
599:ISBN
494:PMID
451:PMID
443:ISSN
359:PMID
287:(1).
209:Dr.
204:lead
100:and
58:, a
50:and
19:The
486:doi
433:doi
421:182
351:doi
347:134
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371:^
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285:11
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