472:(as well as surrounding alveolar bone by osteoclasts) and become absorbed by the forming permanent teeth. The process of shedding primary teeth and their replacement by permanent teeth is called tooth exfoliation; normally without pain or bleeding. This may last from six to twelve years of age. By age thirteen, there usually are only permanent teeth remaining. However, it is not extremely rare for one or more primary teeth to be retained beyond this age, sometimes well into adulthood, often because its secondary tooth failed to develop.
594:. Studies have shown that more dental practitioners prefer conventional fillings as opposed to PMC’s. However, studies have shown that the risk of both major and minor failures along with pain in the long term was comparatively lower using PMCs as opposed to conventional restorations. Patients who had crowns fitted using the Hall technique also experienced noticeably less discomfort at the time of the appointment, relative to fillings.
639:
285:
871:, when a child loses a tooth, the usual custom is that they should throw it onto the roof if it came from the lower jaw, or into the space beneath the floor if it came from the upper jaw. While doing this, the child shouts a request for the tooth to be replaced with the tooth of a mouse. This tradition is based on the fact that the teeth of mice grow for their entire lives, a characteristic of all rodents.
966:
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552:(IPC) is a treatment that leaves the deepest carious tooth material (dentin) next to the pulp undisrupted to avoid exposing the pulp. The caries-affected dentin is covered with a biocompatible medicament to form a seal over the tooth. Medicaments used in IPC include calcium hydroxide and alternates including bonding agents and liners.
590:. This can be made from a variety of different materials and attached using a range of methods. A common one used amongst children with caries is a preformed metal crown (PMC). This type of crown is pressed over a decayed tooth without any preparation, local anaesthetic or caries removal, also termed the
739:
Although shedding of a milk tooth is predominantly associated with positive emotions such as pride and joy by the majority of the children, socio-cultural factors (such as parental education, religion or country of origin) affect the various emotions children experience during the loss of their first
577:
or necrosis). The radicular pulp is removed, the pulp canals are filled with a medicament, and a filling is put on the tooth. Medicaments used in pulpectomy include resorbable materials so that they will undergo resorption (dissolution) along with the primary tooth root to allow for proper tooth loss
555:
Direct pulp capping (DPC) is a treatment performed when a pin-point or small pulp exposure of 1mm or less occurs after removal of carious tooth material (dentin) excavation. The pulp is covered with a medicament. This technique has limited use when pulp is exposed due to injury but is generally not
624:
It is unclear which pulp therapy (i.e. IPC, DPC, pulpotomy, pulpectomy) is the most effective, as there are no studies directly comparing these treatment options. The success rates are similar amongst the various therapies. The choice of therapy should be made based on the removal of caries-affected
608:
After pulpotomy, MTA is the most effective medicament and formocresol is also effective. Both are more effective than calcium hydroxide, which is more likely to fail. While there are concerns about the toxicity of formocresol, currently there are no reports of toxicity related to formocresol use for
515:
Tooth decay in primary teeth tends to progress quite quickly and often reaches the pulp of the tooth. In cases of extensive tooth decay, the pulp must be treated to maintain the health of the tooth and its supporting tissues. In pulp therapy, areas of decay and infected pulp tissue are removed, then
480:
Primary teeth are essential in the development of the mouth. The primary teeth maintain the arch length within the jaw, the bone and the permanent teeth replacements develop from the same tooth germs as the primary teeth. The primary teeth provide guidance for the eruption pathway of the permanent
489:
and the formation of the jaw bones depend on the primary teeth to maintain proper spacing for permanent teeth. The roots of primary teeth provide a pathway for the permanent teeth to erupt. The primary teeth are important for the development of the child's speech, for the child's smile and play a
562:
is a treatment performed on a primary tooth with extensive decay without involving pulp in the root canal (radicular pulp) (Cochrane). The entire coronal pulp is removed and the radicular pulp bleeding is stopped. The remaining radicular pulp is treated with a medicament. Pulpotomy is the most
506:
Dental caries, also known as tooth decay and cavities, is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among children worldwide. This oral condition involves bacterial infection which demineralizes and destroys tooth tissues. In primary dentition, extensive tooth decay is the most common dental
238:. This process starts at the midline and then spreads back into the posterior region. By the time the embryo is eight weeks old, there are ten buds on the upper and lower arches that will eventually become the primary (deciduous) dentition. These teeth will continue to form until they
835:
comes a tradition similar to the fairy mouse: a white fairy rat who purchases the teeth with coins. In
Afrikaans speaking families in South Africa, children leave their teeth in a shoe so that the Tandemuis (Tooth Mouse) can replace the teeth with money.
735:
In almost all
European languages the primary teeth are called "baby teeth" or "milk teeth". In the United States and Canada, the term "baby teeth" is common. In some Asian countries they are referred to as "fall teeth" since they will eventually fall out.
751:
rewards children when their baby teeth fall out. Children typically place a tooth under their pillow at night or on a bedside table. The fairy is said to take the tooth and replace it with money or small gifts while they sleep. In some parts of
878:, a different variation calls for lost upper teeth to be thrown straight down to the ground and lower teeth straight up into the air or onto the roof of a house; the idea is that incoming teeth will grow in straight. Some parts of
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follow a similar tradition by throwing the teeth from the lower jaw onto the roof and burying the teeth from the upper jaw underground, as a symbol of urging the permanent teeth to grow faster towards the right direction.
556:
accepted for managing carious pulp exposures in primary teeth, as it has been shown to have limited success. Medicaments used in DPC include calcium hydroxide and alternates such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).
277:; there is one in each quadrant, making a total of four of each tooth. All of these are gradually replaced by similarly named permanent counterparts except for the primary first and second molars; they are replaced by
609:
vital pulp therapies in children. An undesirable effect of treatment with MTA is the grey discoloration of treated teeth, but this effect is purely esthetic and does not affect the success of pulp treatment.
597:
However, the populations studied were limited to fit and healthy children, and additional research into the tolerance and outcomes of this treatment needs to be done for children with special needs.
905:
state of India, children throw their baby teeth to the roof of their house and urge a mouse to take it, to exchange with its teeth (permanent ones). Something similar occurs in the
909:
where children will throw their baby teeth to the roof of a house with a thatched roof and ask a mouse to take it and replace it with a new (permanent) tooth (but not its own).
246:") typically begins around the age of six months and continues until 25–33 months of age during the primary dentition period. Usually, the first teeth seen in the mouth are the
1211:
Dhar, V.; Marghalani, A.A.; Crystal, Y.O.; Kumar, A; Ritwik, P; Tulunoglu, O; Graham, L (2017). "Use of Vital Pulp
Therapies in Primary Teeth with Deep Caries Lesions".
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The tradition of throwing a baby tooth up into the sky to the sun playfully asking for a better tooth to replace it is common in Middle
Eastern countries (including
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after pulpectomy in primary teeth, but more evidence is needed to confirm the superiority. ZOE is effective, inexpensive, and reasonably safe for use in children.
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in a similar custom expect a visiting relative or guest to make a gift or donation to an infant upon the visitor's sighting of the infant's deciduous teeth.
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Other traditions are associated with mice or other rodents because of their sharp, everlasting teeth. The character Ratón Pérez appears in the tale of
851:, children traditionally throw their fallen baby teeth onto the roof of their house while making a wish. Similarly, in some Asian countries, such as
764:, the children put the tooth in a glass of water. In medieval Scandinavia there was a similar tradition, surviving to the present day in Iceland, of
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in the mouth. In the primary dentition, there are a total of twenty teeth: five per quadrant and ten per arch. The eruption of these teeth ("
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For pulpectomy, it is unclear whether any one medicament is superior. Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) may be the best choice for filling in the
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is a treatment performed on a primary tooth with extensive decay and involving pulp in the root canal (radicular pulp with irreversible
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frequently used vital pulp therapy technique for deep dental caries in primary teeth. Medicaments used in pulpotomy include commonly
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of upper and lower jaws with permanent teeth located above and below the deciduous teeth prior to their exfoliation. The deciduous
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Innes, Nicola PT; Ricketts, David; Chong, Lee Yee; Keightley, Alexander J; Lamont, Thomas; Santamaria, Ruth M (2015-12-31).
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Medicaments are medications placed over the pulp to maintain survival and promote repair. Treatment options include:
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This article is primarily about deciduous teeth, but some or much of the information is also applicable to other
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567:, MTA and ferric sulfates and less commonly sodium hypochlorite, calcium hydroxide, and tricalcium silicate.
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Robinson, S.; Chan, M. F. W.-Y. (2009). "New teeth from old: treatment options for retained primary teeth".
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Illustrated Dental
Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 255
939:, lost teeth were commonly burnt to destroy them. This was partly for religious reasons connected with the
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928:). It may originate in a pre-Islamic offering and certainly dates back to at least the 13th century, when
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Various cultures have customs relating to the loss of deciduous teeth. In
English-speaking countries, the
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dentin, whether there is a pulp exposure, adverse effects, clinical expertise, and patient preference.
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disease. An extensive carious lesion affects at least half of a tooth and possibly involves the pulp.
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and partly for fear of what might happen if an animal got them. A rhyme might be said as a blessing:
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Smaïl-Faugeron, V.; Glenny, A.M.; Courson, F; Durieux, P; Muller-Bolla, M; Fron
Chabouis, H (2018).
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Bottom teeth of a seven-year-old, showing primary teeth (left), a lost primary tooth and visible
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of food, although children who have had their primary teeth removed (usually as a result of
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see the toothless gum because if a lizard does see it, no tooth will grow in its place.
234:. The development of primary teeth starts at the sixth week of tooth development as the
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After direct pulp capping, it is unclear whether any one medicament is superior.
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Al
Hamdani, Muwaffak; Wenzel, Marian (1966). "The Worm in the Tooth".
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1297:"Emotions experienced during the shedding of the first primary tooth"
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1351:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press (Oxford University Press).
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culture has it that a child with a fallen tooth should not let a
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or dental injuries) can still eat and chew to a certain extent.
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The
Penguin Guide to the Superstitions of Britain and Ireland
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26:"Milk teeth" redirects here. For the musical ensemble, see
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Primary teeth start to form during the embryonic phase of
1378:. University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences.
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Several traditions concern throwing the shed teeth. In
1153:"Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth"
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292:(middle), and a fully erupted permanent tooth (right)
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831:, 'The Little Mouse'. From parts of lowland
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Decayed primary teeth can be restored with a fitted
1412:(in Spanish) (1st ed.). Barcelona: La Galera.
1389:¡Producto Registrado!: Agosto 1998: Centuria Dental
797:in marketing toothpaste in Venezuela and Spain. In
1240:"Preformed crowns for decayed primary molar teeth"
177:in the growth and development of humans and other
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19:"Baby teeth" redirects here. For other uses, see
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1581:
1532:"7 Tooth Fairy Traditions from Around the World"
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1040:The Journal of the American Dental Association
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1301:International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry
1122:. American Dental Association. Archived from
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1244:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
807:) is also often replaced by a small mouse (
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1609:Steve Roud (2006), "Teeth: disposal of",
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1496:Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
1408:Canyelles, Anna; Calafell, Roser (2012).
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723:Learn how and when to remove this message
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213:. They are usually lost and replaced by
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1157:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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817:, patron saint of tooth complaints. In
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1376:"An Icelandic-English Dictionary"
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793:. A Ratoncito Pérez was used by
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381:Exfoliation ages, by tooth
248:mandibular central incisors
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21:Baby teeth (disambiguation)
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1014:
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997:
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990:Tooth eruption
987:
982:
976:
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959:
956:
945:
941:Last Judgement
731:
730:
645:
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621:
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592:Hall technique
583:
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546:
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512:
509:
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477:
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452:Second molars
449:
448:
445:
442:
436:
435:
432:
429:
422:
421:
418:
415:
408:
407:
404:
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394:
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387:
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369:
368:Second molars
365:
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352:
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348:
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338:
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134:
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98:
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83:dentes decidui
80:
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69:
68:
64:
63:
53:
45:
44:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2063:
2052:
2051:Tooth fairies
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2022:
2019:
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1533:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1484:Lehmann, Lisa
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1447:
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1437:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1419:9788424637941
1415:
1411:
1404:
1397:
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1199:
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1137:
1125:
1118:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1081:(7): 315–20.
1080:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1019:
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993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
973:
962:
954:
953:
949:
944:
942:
938:
933:
932:mentions it.
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
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904:
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895:
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727:
724:
716:
713:February 2023
705:
702:
698:
695:
691:
688:
684:
681:
677:
674: –
673:
669:
668:Find sources:
662:
658:
652:
651:
646:This section
644:
640:
635:
634:
626:
617:
615:
610:
606:
598:
595:
593:
589:
579:
576:
572:
568:
566:
561:
557:
553:
551:
544:
541:
539:
536:
533:
529:
526:
522:
521:
520:
517:
508:
499:
497:
496:dental caries
493:
488:
484:
473:
471:
467:
457:
454:
451:
450:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
433:
430:
428:
424:
423:
419:
416:
414:
410:
409:
405:
402:
400:
396:
395:
391:
388:
385:
384:
374:23–31 months
373:
371:25–33 months
370:
367:
366:
363:17–23 months
362:
360:16–22 months
359:
357:
354:
353:
350:14–18 months
349:
347:13–19 months
346:
344:
340:
339:
336:10–16 months
335:
332:
330:
326:
325:
321:
318:
316:
312:
311:
307:
304:
301:
300:
291:
286:
282:
280:
276:
275:second molars
272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:dental lamina
233:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:polyphyodonts
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
159:primary teeth
156:
145:
139:
135:
132:
129:
127:
123:
120:
117:
115:
111:
108:
105:
103:
99:
96:
93:
91:
87:
84:
81:
79:
75:
70:
65:
60:
56:
55:Cross-section
51:
46:
41:
36:
29:
22:
1889:Second molar
1802:Second molar
1723:
1667:Nomenclature
1610:
1604:
1590:(1): 60–64.
1587:
1583:
1577:
1563:cite journal
1554:
1550:
1540:
1526:
1499:
1495:
1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1445:
1436:
1409:
1403:
1384:
1370:
1365:
1344:
1331:
1307:(1): 22–28.
1304:
1300:
1290:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1216:
1212:
1160:
1156:
1124:the original
1111:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1043:
1039:
1018:
951:
947:
946:
934:
911:
896:
885:
873:
838:
788:
742:
738:
734:
719:
710:
700:
693:
686:
679:
667:
655:Please help
650:verification
647:
623:
611:
607:
604:
596:
585:
569:
558:
554:
550:pulp capping
547:
532:pulp capping
525:pulp capping
518:
514:
505:
479:
470:odontoclasts
463:
458:10–12 years
455:10–12 years
444:10–12 years
440:Canine teeth
356:Canine teeth
333:9–13 months
322:6–10 months
319:8–12 months
256:
229:
193:, which are
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
153:
107:A05.1.03.076
82:
1894:Third molar
1884:First molar
1807:Third molar
1797:First molar
1452:12 February
995:Tooth fairy
865:Philippines
745:tooth fairy
614:root canals
565:formocresol
447:9–12 years
434:9–11 years
431:9–11 years
221:Development
201:during the
179:diphyodonts
72:Identifiers
35:diphyodonts
2040:Categories
1955:Root canal
1821:Mandibular
1488:Dunn, Erin
1011:References
683:newspapers
571:Pulpectomy
543:Pulpectomy
420:7–8 years
417:7–8 years
406:6–7 years
403:6–7 years
232:human life
167:milk teeth
163:baby teeth
1734:Maxillary
1724:Deciduous
1697:Permanent
1428:920276571
1264:1469-493X
1103:205664010
1005:Dentition
888:Sri Lanka
813:), or by
754:Australia
560:Pulpotomy
548:Indirect
538:Pulpotomy
523:Indirect
279:premolars
226:Formation
203:embryonic
187:kangaroos
183:elephants
1856:Premolar
1769:Premolar
1712:premolar
1584:Folklore
1518:38217075
1490:(2024).
1392:Archived
1343:(1957).
1323:30218480
1282:26718872
1225:29070150
1187:29852056
1095:19816477
1060:16329427
1000:Teething
958:See also
833:Scotland
575:pulpitis
490:role in
476:Function
413:incisors
411:Lateral
399:incisors
397:Central
329:incisors
327:Lateral
315:incisors
313:Central
269:, first
244:teething
191:manatees
2008:Mamelon
1830:Incisor
1743:Incisor
1702:incisor
1273:7387869
1178:6494507
869:Vietnam
821:and in
795:Colgate
772:Nigeria
697:scholar
530:Direct
492:chewing
485:of the
483:muscles
267:canines
211:infancy
199:develop
95:D014094
67:Details
1990:Dentin
1980:Enamel
1847:Canine
1760:Canine
1707:canine
1617:
1516:
1426:
1416:
1371:tannfé
1357:318302
1355:
1321:
1280:
1270:
1262:
1223:
1185:
1175:
1101:
1093:
1058:
918:Jordan
867:, and
863:, the
849:Greece
847:, and
845:Cyprus
841:Turkey
819:France
810:topino
804:Fatina
784:lizard
774:, the
767:tannfé
762:Norway
758:Sweden
699:
692:
685:
678:
670:
427:molars
425:First
392:Lower
389:Upper
386:Tooth
343:molars
341:First
308:Lower
305:Upper
302:Tooth
290:socket
273:, and
271:molars
1917:Crown
1908:Parts
1877:Molar
1823:teeth
1790:Molar
1736:teeth
1717:molar
1689:Teeth
1369:s.v.
1127:(PDF)
1120:(PDF)
1099:S2CID
926:Sudan
922:Egypt
903:Assam
899:India
880:China
876:Japan
861:Nepal
857:Korea
853:India
799:Italy
780:Hausa
749:fairy
704:JSTOR
690:books
588:crown
534:(DPC)
527:(IPC)
240:erupt
207:erupt
189:, or
175:teeth
169:, or
142:[
131:75151
78:Latin
1950:Pulp
1925:Cusp
1615:ISBN
1569:link
1557:(8).
1514:PMID
1454:2021
1424:OCLC
1414:ISBN
1353:OCLC
1319:PMID
1278:PMID
1260:ISSN
1248:2015
1221:PMID
1183:PMID
1161:2018
1091:PMID
1056:PMID
924:and
914:Iraq
886:The
776:Igbo
760:and
676:news
102:TA98
90:MeSH
1592:doi
1504:doi
1309:doi
1268:PMC
1252:doi
1173:PMC
1165:doi
1083:doi
1079:207
1048:doi
1044:136
935:In
874:In
659:by
487:jaw
157:or
126:FMA
119:912
114:TA2
2042::
1588:77
1586:.
1565:}}
1561:{{
1553:.
1549:.
1512:.
1500:52
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1494:.
1486:;
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1422:.
1339:;
1317:.
1305:29
1303:.
1299:.
1276:.
1266:.
1258:.
1246:.
1242:.
1217:39
1215:.
1195:^
1181:.
1171:.
1159:.
1155:.
1135:^
1097:.
1089:.
1077:.
1054:.
1042:.
1038:.
1027:^
920:,
916:,
859:,
855:,
843:,
756:,
281:.
265:,
261:,
254:.
185:,
165:,
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1555:1
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1430:.
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1050::
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720:(
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711:(
701:·
694:·
687:·
680:·
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146:]
30:.
23:.
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