4555:. Since the Poles were at first unyielding, Ruthenian demonstrations and strikes of students arose, and the Ruthenians were no longer content with the reversion of a few separate professorial chairs, and with parallel courses of lectures. By a pact concluded on 28 January 1914 the Poles promised a Ruthenian university; but owing to the war the question lapsed. The Italians could hardly claim a university of their own on grounds of population (in 1910 they numbered 783,000), but they claimed it all the more on grounds of their ancient culture. All parties were agreed that an Italian faculty of laws should be created; the difficulty lay in the choice of the place. The Italians demanded Trieste; but the Government was afraid to let this Adriatic port become the centre of an irredenta; moreover the Southern Slavs of the city wished it kept free from an Italian educational establishment. Bienerth in 1910 brought about a compromise; namely, that it should be founded at once, the situation to be provisionally in Vienna, and to be transferred within four years to Italian national territory. The German National Union (Nationalverband) agreed to extend temporary hospitality to the Italian university in Vienna, but the Southern Slav Hochschule Club demanded a guarantee that a later transfer to the coast provinces should not be contemplated, together with the simultaneous foundation of Slovene professorial chairs in Prague and Cracow, and preliminary steps towards the foundation of a Southern Slav university in Laibach. But in spite of the constant renewal of negotiations for a compromise it was impossible to arrive at any agreement, until the outbreak of war left all the projects for a Ruthenian university at Lemberg, a Slovene one in Laibach, and a second Czech one in Moravia, unrealized.
4583:
after a half millennium in 1912. They had four faculties: theology, law, philosophy and medicine (the university at Zagreb was without a faculty of medicine). There were in addition ten high schools of law, called academies, which in 1900 were attended by 1,569 pupils. The
Polytechnicum in Budapest, founded in 1844, which contained four faculties and was attended in 1900 by 1,772 pupils, was also considered a high school. There were in Hungary in 1900 forty-nine theological colleges, twenty-nine Catholic, five Greek Uniat, four Greek Orthodox, ten Protestant and one Jewish. Among special schools the principal mining schools were at Selmeczbánya, Nagyág and Felsőbánya; the principal agricultural colleges at Debreczen and Kolozsvár; and there was a school of forestry at Selmeczbánya, military colleges at Budapest, Kassa, Déva and Zagreb, and a naval school at Fiume. There were in addition a number of training institutes for teachers and a large number of schools of commerce, several art schools – for design, painting, sculpture, and music.
189:
3311:
Meanwhile, economic conditions on the homefront deteriorated rapidly. The Empire depended on agriculture, and agriculture depended on the heavy labor of millions of men who were now in the Army. Food production fell, the transportation system became overcrowded, and industrial production could not successfully handle the overwhelming need for munitions. Germany provided a great deal of help, but it was not enough. Furthermore, the political instability of the multiple ethnic groups of Empire now ripped apart any hope for national consensus in support of the war. Increasingly there was a demand for breaking up the Empire and setting up autonomous national states based on historic language-based cultures. The new
Emperor sought peace terms from the Allies, but his initiatives were vetoed by Italy.
4720:(Bank of issue) was founded as Austrian National Bank in 1816. In 1878, it transformed into Austro-Hungarian National Bank with principal offices in both Vienna and Budapest. The central bank was governed by alternating Austrian or Hungarian governors and vice-governors. Austria-Hungary also became the world's third-largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, electric industrial appliances, and power generation apparatus for power plants, after the United States and the German Empire, and it constructed Europe's second-largest railway network, after the German Empire. In 2000, a study estimated that GDP in constant national prices in 1913 was 19,140.8 million for Cisleithania and 10,971.6 million for Transleithania, a combined 30,112.4 million
4740:
considerably, as sustained modernization had begun much later. Like the German Empire, that of
Austria–Hungary frequently employed liberal economic policies and practices. In 1873, the old Hungarian capital Buda and Óbuda (Ancient Buda) were officially merged with the third city, Pest, thus creating the new metropolis of Budapest. The dynamic Pest grew into Hungary's administrative, political, economic, trade and cultural hub. Many of the state institutions and the modern administrative system of Hungary were established during this period. Economic growth centered on Vienna and Budapest, the Austrian lands (areas of modern Austria), the Alpine region and the Bohemian lands. In the later years of the 19th century, rapid economic growth spread to the central
4376:. Jews accounted for 54% of commercial business owners, 85% of financial institution directors and owners in banking, and 62% of all employees in commerce, 20% of all general grammar school students, and 37% of all commercial scientific grammar school students, 31.9% of all engineering students, and 34.1% of all students in human faculties of the universities. Jews accounted for 48.5% of all physicians, and 49.4% of all lawyers/jurists in Hungary. Note: The numbers of Jews were reconstructed from religious censuses. They did not include the people of Jewish origin who had converted to Christianity, or the number of atheists. Among many Hungarian parliament members of Jewish origin, the most famous Jewish members in Hungarian political life were
5217:
4372:. Of the pre-World War I military forces of the major European powers, the Austro-Hungarian army was almost alone in its regular promotion of Jews to positions of command. While the Jewish population of the lands of the Dual Monarchy was about 5%, Jews made up nearly 18% of the reserve officer corps. Thanks to the modernity of the constitution and to the benevolence of emperor Franz Joseph, the Austrian Jews came to regard the era of Austria–Hungary as a golden era of their history. By 1910 about 900,000 religious Jews made up approximately 5% of the population of Hungary and about 23% of Budapest's citizenry. In the Austro-Hungarian Empire the generally fiercely patriotic Hungarian Jews were securing the tenuous Hungarian majority in the
3271:
4892:. In 1890 most large Hungarian private railway companies were nationalized as a consequence of the poor management of private companies, except the strong Austrian-owned Kaschau-Oderberg Railway (KsOd) and the Austrian-Hungarian Southern Railway (SB/DV). They also joined the zone tariff system of the MÁV (Hungarian State Railways). By 1910, the total length of the rail networks of Hungarian Kingdom reached 22,869 kilometres (14,210 miles), the Hungarian network linked more than 1,490 settlements. Nearly half (52%) of the empire's railways were built in Hungary, thus the railroad density there became higher than that of Cisleithania. This has ranked Hungarian railways the 6th most dense in the world (ahead of Germany and France).
5110:
2050:
3181:
3978:
4829:
widespread in post offices and railway stations. Austria–Hungary had 568 million telephone calls in 1913; only two
Western European countries had more phone calls: the German Empire and the United Kingdom. The Austro-Hungarian Empire was followed by France with 396 million telephone calls and Italy with 230 million phone calls. In 1916, there were 366 million telephone calls in Cisleithania, among them 8.4 million long distant calls. All telephone exchanges of the cities, towns and larger villages in Transleithania were linked until 1893. By 1914, more than 2000 settlements had telephone exchange in Kingdom of Hungary.
4579:. None of these medieval universities survived the Ottoman wars. Nagyszombat University was founded in 1635 and moved to Buda in 1777 and it is called Eötvös Loránd University today. The world's first institute of technology was founded in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary (since 1920 Banská Štiavnica, now Slovakia) in 1735. Its legal successor is the University of Miskolc in Hungary. The Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) is considered the oldest institute of technology in the world with university rank and structure. Its legal predecessor the Institutum Geometrico-Hydrotechnicum was founded in 1782 by Emperor Joseph II.
4838:
93:
3717:
13290:
3386:
1006:
5284:
on by the
Austrian and Hungarian parliaments and was generally determined on the basis of the population, according to the last census returns. It amounted in 1905 to 103,100 men, of which Austria furnished 59,211 men, and Hungary 43,889. Besides 10,000 men were annually allotted to the Austrian Landwehr, and 12,500 to the Hungarian Honved. The term of service was two years (three years in the cavalry) with the colours, seven or eight in the reserve and two in the Landwehr; in the case of men not drafted to the active army the same total period of service was spent in various special reserves.
992:
932:
5527:
3139:
918:
3734:
the army had become commonplace. As the war went on, the ethnic unity declined; the Allies encouraged breakaway demands from minorities and the Empire faced disintegration. With apparent Allied victory approaching, nationalist movements seized ethnic resentment to erode social unity. The military breakdown of the
Italian front marked the start of the rebellion for the numerous ethnicities who made up the multiethnic Empire, as they refused to keep on fighting for a cause that now appeared senseless. The Emperor had lost much of his power to rule, as his realm disintegrated.
978:
1034:
4512:
176:
5231:
prompted the development of the
Austrian merchant marine. By 1913, the commercial marine of Austria, comprised 16,764 vessels with a tonnage of 471,252, and crews number-ing 45,567. Of the total (1913) 394 of 422,368 tons were steamers, and 16,370 of 48,884 tons were sailing vessels The Austrian Lloyd was one of the biggest ocean shipping companies of the time. Prior to the beginning of World War I, the company owned 65 middle-sized and large steamers. The Austro-Americana owned one third of this number, including the biggest Austrian passenger ship, the SS
4289:
3821:
4308:
1571:
4564:
875:
13299:
5464:
3798:, concluded that Karl's position was untenable. Lammasch persuaded Karl that the best course was to relinquish, at least temporarily, his right to exercise sovereign authority. On 11 November, Karl issued a carefully worded proclamation in which he recognized the Austrian people's right to determine the form of the state and "relinquish(ed) every participation" in Austrian state affairs. On the day after he announced his withdrawal from Austrian politics, the German-Austrian National Council proclaimed the
4868:
4681:
3829:
1213:
5681:
3359:. The invasion of Serbia in 1914 was a disaster: by the end of the year, the Austro-Hungarian Army had taken no territory, but had lost 227,000 out of a total force of 450,000 men. However, in the autumn of 1915, the Serbian Army was defeated by the Central Powers, which led to the occupation of Serbia. Near the end of 1915, in a massive rescue operation involving more than 1,000 trips made by Italian, French and British steamers, 260,000 Serb surviving soldiers were transported to
5205:
3986:
3009:
Bosnia and
Herzegovina, a predominantly Slavic area. Austria occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina as a way of gaining power in the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania became fully independent. Nonetheless, the Balkans remained a site of political unrest with teeming ambition for independence and great power rivalries. At the Congress of Berlin in 1878 Gyula Andrássy (Minister of Foreign Affairs) managed to force Russia to retreat from further demands in the Balkans. As a result,
3670:
3287:
removed the pro-German officials and opened peace overtures to the Allies, whereby the entire war could be ended by compromise, or perhaps
Austria would make a separate peace from Germany. The main effort was vetoed by Italy, which had been promised large slices of Austria for joining the Allies in 1915. Austria was only willing to turn over the Trentino region but nothing more. Karl was seen as a defeatist, which weakened his standing at home and with both the Allies and
3193:
2953:
13307:
3506:
5314:
2758:
1983:
10250:
3994:
1020:
964:
5448:
4410:
3425:, recognizing the numerical inferiority of the Austro-Hungarian army. By the end of September 1916, Austria–Hungary mobilized and concentrated new divisions, and the successful Russian advance was halted and slowly repelled; but the Austrian armies took heavy losses (about 1 million men) and never recovered. Nevertheless, the huge losses in men and material inflicted on the Russians during the offensive contributed greatly to the
3092:
Bulgarians, who turned instead to Russia and Serbia. Although
Austria had no intention to embark on additional expansion to the south, Aehrenthal encouraged speculation to that effect, expecting that it would paralyze the Balkan states. Instead, it incited them to feverish activity to create a defensive block to stop Austria. A series of grave miscalculations at the highest level thus significantly strengthened Austria's enemies.
8425:"The kingdom of Hungary desired equal status with the Austrian empire, which was weakened by its defeat in the German (Austro-Prussian) War of 1866. The Austrian emperor Francis Joseph gave Hungary full internal autonomy, together with a responsible ministry, and in return it agreed that the empire should still be a single great state for purposes of war and foreign affairs, thus maintaining its dynastic prestige abroad."
2884:
3367:, where they waited for the chance of the victory of Allied Powers to reclaim their country. Corfu hosted the Serbian government in exile after the collapse of Serbia and served as a supply base to the Greek front. In April 1916 a large number of Serbian troops were transported in British and French naval vessels from Corfu to mainland Greece. The contingent numbering over 120,000 relieved a much smaller army at the
4073:
1130:. Following the 1867 reforms, the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power. The two countries conducted unified diplomatic and defence policies. For these purposes, "common" ministries of foreign affairs and defence were maintained under the monarch's direct authority, as was a third finance ministry responsible only for financing the two "common" portfolios. A third component of the union was the
4669:
2930:
Slavs and Orthodox Christians. Austria envisioned a multi-ethnic, religiously diverse empire under Vienna's control. Count Gyula Andrássy, a Hungarian who was Foreign Minister (1871–1879), made the centerpiece of his policy one of opposition to Russian expansion in the Balkans and blocking Serbian ambitions to dominate a new South Slav federation. He wanted Germany to ally with Austria, not Russia.]
5362:(between the victors and Hungary) regulated the new borders of Austria and Hungary, reducing them to small-sized and landlocked states. In regard to areas without a decisive national majority, the Entente powers ruled in many cases in favour of the newly emancipated independent nation-states, enabling them to claim vast territories containing sizeable German- and Hungarian-speaking populations. The
4269:, a small ethnic group composed by around 2,600 people in the 1880s, suffered severe discrimination. The Croats of the region, who formed the majority, tried to assimilate them, while the Italian minority supported them in their requests for self-determination. In 1888, the possibility of opening the first school for the Istro-Romanians teaching in the Romanian language was discussed in the
11068:
3341:" of army deserters formed armed bands in the hills of Croatia-Slavonia and civil authority disintegrated. By late October violence and massive looting erupted and there were efforts to form peasant republics. However, the Croatian political leadership was focused on creating a new state (Yugoslavia) and worked with the advancing Serbian army to impose control and end the uprisings.
3690:, had decisive influence over the internal and external affairs of the monarchy. By late 1916, food supply from Hungary became intermittent and the government sought an armistice with the Entente powers. However, this failed as Britain and France no longer had any regard for the integrity of the monarchy because of Austro-Hungarian support for Germany.
4045:
deputies demanded it). Beginning with the 1879 Primary Education Act and the 1883 Secondary Education Act, the Hungarian state made more efforts to reduce the use of non-Magyar languages, in strong violation of the 1868 Nationalities Law. After 1875, all Slovak language schools higher than elementary were closed, including the only three high schools
4551:
Bohemia and Moravia a separation into German and Czech ones. Thus Germans, Czechs and Poles were provided for. But now the smaller nations also made their voices heard: the Ruthenians, Slovenes and Italians. The Ruthenians demanded at first, in view of the predominantly Ruthenian character of rural East Galicia, a national partition of the Polish
5124:(originally the "Franz Joseph Underground Electric Railway Company") is the second oldest underground railway in the world (the first being the London Underground's Metropolitan Line and the third being Glasgow), and the first on the European mainland. It was built from 1894 to 1896 and opened on 2 May 1896. In 2002, it was listed as a
160:
5242:, today part of Croatia), where the Hungarian shipping companies, such as the Adria, operated. The commercial marine of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1913 comprised 545 vessels of 144,433 tons, and crews numbering 3,217. Of the total number of vessels 134,000 of 142,539 tons were steamers, and 411 of 1,894 tons were sailing vessels.
3928:
of 1867, in which common expenditures were allocated 70% to Austria and 30% to Hungary. This division had to be renegotiated every ten years. There was political turmoil during the build-up to each renewal of the agreement. By 1907, the Hungarian share had risen to 36.4%. The disputes culminated in the early 1900s in a prolonged
5235:. In comparison to the Austrian Lloyd, the Austro-American concentrated on destinations in North and South America. The Austro-Hungarian Navy became much more significant than previously, as industrialization provided sufficient revenues to develop it. Pola (Pula, today part of Croatia) was especially significant for the navy.
4009:
the Habsburg Dynasty in 1867, one of the first acts of its restored Parliament was to pass a Law on Nationalities (Act Number XLIV of 1868). It was a liberal piece of legislation and offered extensive language and cultural rights. It did not recognize non-Hungarians to have rights to form states with any territorial autonomy.
159:
4849:(Telephone Herald) news and entertainment service was introduced in Budapest in 1893. Two decades before the introduction of radio broadcasting, people could listen to political, economic and sports news, cabaret, music and opera in Budapest daily. It operated over a special type of telephone exchange system.
163:
162:
161:
164:
4158:, the Austrians responded to Hungarian support of Czechs by supporting the Croatian national movement in Zagreb. In recognition that he reigned in a multi-ethnic country, Emperor Franz Joseph spoke (and used) German, Hungarian and Czech fluently, and Croatian, Serbian, Polish and Italian to some degree.
3014:
Mediterranean Entente, with Britain and Italy in 1887 and concluded mutual defence pacts with Germany in 1879 and Romania in 1883 against a possible Russian attack. Following the Congress of Berlin the European powers attempted to guarantee stability through a complex series of alliances and treaties.
5287:
The common minister of war was the head for the administration of all military affairs, except those of the Austrian Landwehr and of the Hungarian Honved, which were committed to the ministries for national defence of the two respective states. But the supreme command of the army was nominally vested
5283:
or levy-en masse. As stated above, the common army stood under the administration of the joint minister of war, while the special armies were under the administration of the respective ministries of national defence. The yearly contingent of recruits for the army was fixed by the military bills voted
4036:
The implementation of this principle led to several disputes, as it was not clear which languages could be regarded as "customary". The Germans, the traditional bureaucratic, capitalist and cultural elite, demanded the recognition of their language as a customary language in every part of the empire.
3765:
During the Italian battles, the Czechoslovaks and Southern Slavs declared their independence. With defeat in the war imminent after the Italian offensive in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto on 24 October, Czech politicians peacefully took over command in Prague on 28 October (later declared the birth of
3698:
The setbacks that the Austrian army suffered in 1914 and 1915 can be attributed to a large extent by the incompetence of the Austrian high command. After attacking Serbia, its forces soon had to be withdrawn to protect its eastern frontier against Russia's invasion, while German units were engaged in
3420:
started as a minor German offensive to relieve the pressure of the Russian numerical superiority on the Austro-Hungarians, but the cooperation of the Central Powers resulted in huge Russian losses and the total collapse of the Russian lines and their 100 km (62 mi) long retreat into Russia.
3329:
On the home front, food grew scarcer and scarcer, as did heating fuel. Hungary, with its heavy agricultural base, was somewhat better fed. The Army conquered productive agricultural areas in Romania and elsewhere, but refused to allow food shipments to civilians back home. Morale fell every year, and
3170:
referred to the violence as the "Sarajevo frenzy of hate." Violent actions against ethnic Serbs were organized not only in Sarajevo but also in many other larger Austro-Hungarian cities in modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Austro-Hungarian authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina imprisoned
3072:
A proclamation issued on the occasion of its annexation to the Habsburg monarchy in October 1908 promised these lands constitutional institutions, which should secure to their inhabitants full civil rights and a share in the management of their own affairs by means of a local representative assembly.
2803:
of 1526, the Habsburg Empire became more involved in the Kingdom of Hungary, and subsequently assumed the Hungarian throne. However, as the Ottomans expanded further into Hungary, the Habsburgs came to control only a small north-western portion of the former kingdom's territory. Eventually, following
4879:
only Germany had more extended railway network (63,378 km, 39,381 mi); the Austro-Hungarian Empire was followed by France (40,770 km, 25,330 mi), the United Kingdom (32,623 km, 20,271 mi), Italy (18,873 km, 11,727 mi) and Spain (15,088 km, 9,375 mi).
2929:
After being forced out of Germany and Italy, the Dual Monarchy turned to the Balkans, which were in tumult as nationalistic movements were gaining strength and demanding independence. Both Russia and Austria–Hungary saw an opportunity to expand in this region. Russia took on the role of protector of
5230:
The most important seaport was Trieste (today part of Italy), where the Austrian merchant marine was based. Two major shipping companies (Austrian Lloyd and Austro-Americana) and several shipyards were located there. From 1815 to 1866, Venice had been part of the Habsburg empire. The loss of Venice
4828:
was opened in Zagreb (8 January 1881), the second was in Budapest (1 May 1881), and the third was opened in Vienna (3 June 1881). Initially telephony was available in the homes of individual subscribers, companies and offices. Public telephone stations appeared in the 1890s, and they quickly became
4739:
per capita grew roughly 1.76% per year from 1870 to 1913. That level of growth compared very favorably to that of other European nations such as Britain (1%), France (1.06%), and Germany (1.51%). However, in a comparison with Germany and Britain, the Austro-Hungarian economy as a whole still lagged
4582:
The high schools included the universities, of which Hungary possessed five, all maintained by the state: at Budapest (founded in 1635), at Kolozsvár (founded in 1872), and at Zagreb (founded in 1874). Newer universities were established in Debrecen in 1912, and Pozsony university was reestablished
4165:
had lived primarily in Bohemia since the 6th century and German immigrants had begun settling the Bohemian periphery in the 13th century. The constitution of 1627 made the German language a second official language and equal to Czech. German speakers lost their majority in the Bohemian Diet in 1880
4008:
In July 1849, the Hungarian Revolutionary Parliament proclaimed and enacted ethnic and minority rights (the next such laws were in Switzerland), but these were overturned after the Russian and Austrian armies crushed the Hungarian Revolution. After the Kingdom of Hungary reached the Compromise with
3927:
Relations during the half-century after 1867 between the two parts of the dual monarchy featured repeated disputes over shared external tariff arrangements and over the financial contribution of each government to the common treasury. These matters were determined by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise
3707:
favorably; on the other hand, by 1916 the general belief in Germany was that Germany, in its alliance with Austria–Hungary, was "shackled to a corpse". The operational capability of the Austro-Hungarian army was seriously affected by supply shortages, low morale and a high casualty rate, and by the
2984:
organizations sent aid to the Balkan rebels and so pressured the tsar's government to declare war on the Ottoman Empire in 1877 in the name of protecting Orthodox Christians. Unable to mediate between the Ottoman Empire and Russia over the control of Serbia, Austria–Hungary declared neutrality when
5264:(1817–1895), an old-fashioned bureaucrat who opposed modernization. The military system of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy was similar in both states, and rested since 1868 upon the principle of the universal and personal obligation of the citizen to bear arms. Its military force was composed of the
5195:
After several small-scale attempts, István Széchenyi organised the "regulation of the Tisza" (Hungarian: a Tisza szabályozása) which started on 27 August 1846, and substantially ended in 1880. The new length of the river in Hungary was 966 km (600 mi) (1,358 km (844 mi) total),
4550:
The higher educational institutions were predominantly German, but beginning in the 1870s, language shifts began to occur. These establishments, which in the middle of the 19th century had had a predominantly German character, underwent in Galicia a conversion into Polish national institutions, in
3733:
By 1918, the economic situation had deteriorated and governmental failure on the homefront ended popular support for the war. The Austro-Hungarian monarchy collapsed with dramatic speed in the autumn of 1918. Leftist and pacifist political movements organized strikes in factories, and uprisings in
3325:
The heavily rural Empire did have a small industrial base, but its major contribution was manpower and food. Nevertheless, Austria–Hungary was more urbanized (25%) than its actual opponents in the First World War, like the Russian Empire (13.4%), Serbia (13.2%) or Romania (18.8%). Furthermore, the
5422:", which both dethroned the Habsburgs and banished all Habsburgs from Austrian territory. While Karl was banned from ever returning to Austria again, other Habsburgs could return if they gave up all claims to the defunct throne. In March and again in October 1921, ill-prepared attempts by Karl to
4744:
and to the Carpathian lands. As a result, wide disparities of development existed within the empire. In general, the western areas became more developed than the eastern ones. The Kingdom of Hungary became the world's second-largest flour exporter after the United States. The large Hungarian food
4232:
Hungary's leaders were generally less willing than their Austrian counterparts to share power with their subject minorities, but they granted a large measure of autonomy to Croatia in 1868. To some extent, they modeled their relationship to that kingdom on their own compromise with Austria of the
3286:
The Austro-Hungarian Empire played a relatively passive diplomatic role in the war, as it was increasingly dominated and controlled by Germany. The only goal was to punish Serbia and try to stop the ethnic breakup of the Empire, and it completely failed. Starting in late 1916 the new Emperor Karl
5191:
river in Hungary used to be 1,419 kilometres (882 miles). It flowed through the Great Hungarian Plain, which is one of the largest flat areas in central Europe. Since plains can cause a river to flow very slowly, the Tisza used to follow a path with many curves and turns, which led to many large
4044:
The Hungarian Minority Act of 1868 gave the minorities (Slovaks, Romanians, Serbs, et al.) individual (but not also communal) rights to use their language in offices, schools (although in practice often only in those founded by them and not by the state), courts and municipalities (if 20% of the
3681:
Although the Kingdom of Hungary comprised only 42% of the population of Austria–Hungary, the thin majority – more than 3.8 million soldiers – of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces were conscripted from the Kingdom of Hungary during the First World War. Roughly 600,000 soldiers were killed in
3310:
as Supreme Army Commander (Armeeoberkommandant), but asked him to give Von Hötzendorf freedom to take any decisions. Von Hötzendorf remained in effective command of the military forces until Emperor Karl I took the supreme command himself in late 1916 and dismissed Conrad von Hötzendorf in 1917.
3247:
Over the course of July and August 1914, these events caused the start of World War I, as Russia mobilized in support of Serbia, setting off a series of counter-mobilizations. In support of his German ally, on Thursday, 6 August 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph signed the declaration of war on Russia.
3008:
The Congress of Berlin rolled back the Russian victory by partitioning the large Bulgarian state that Russia had carved out of Ottoman territory and denying any part of Bulgaria full independence from the Ottomans. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 let Austria occupy (but not annex) the province of
5366:
lost roughly 60% of the old Austrian Empire's territory. It also had to drop its plans for union with Germany, as it was not allowed to unite with Germany without League approval. Hungary, however, was severely disrupted by the loss of 72% of its territory, 64% of its population and most of its
3789:
on 31 October. Charles was all but forced to appoint Károlyi as his Hungarian prime minister. One of Károlyi's first acts was to formally repudiate the compromise agreement on 31 October, effectively terminating the personal union with Austria and thus officially dissolving the Austro-Hungarian
3702:
In the last two years of the war the Austro-Hungarian armed forces lost all ability to act independently of Germany. As of 7 September 1916, the German emperor was given full control of all the armed forces of the Central Powers and Austria-Hungary effectively became a satellite of Germany. The
3699:
fighting on the Western Front. This resulted in a greater than expected loss of men in the invasion of Serbia. Furthermore, it became evident that the Austrian high command had had no plans for possible continental war and that the army and navy were also ill-equipped to handle such a conflict.
3636:
crossed the borders of Eastern Hungary (Transylvania), and despite initial successes, by November 1916, the Central Powers formed by the Austro-Hungarian, German, Bulgarian, and Ottoman armies, had defeated the Romanian and Russian armies of the Entente Powers, and occupied the southern part of
3091:
Aehrenthal had started with the assumption that the Slavic minorities could never come together, and the Balkan League would never cause any damage to Austria. He turned down an Ottoman proposal for an alliance that would include Austria, Turkey, and Romania. However, his policies alienated the
4064:
Language was, as a proxy for ethnicity, one of the most contentious issues in Austro-Hungarian politics. All governments faced difficult and divisive hurdles in deciding on the languages of government and of instruction. The minorities sought the widest opportunities for education in their own
3333:
Inflation soared, from an index of 129 in 1914 to 1589 in 1918, wiping out the cash savings of the middle-class. In terms of war damage to the economy, the war used up about 20 percent of the GDP. The dead soldiers amounted to about four percent of the 1914 labor force, and the wounded ones to
3013:
was broken up and Serbian independence was guaranteed. In that year, with Britain's support, Austria–Hungary stationed troops in Bosnia to prevent the Russians from expanding into nearby Serbia. In another measure to keep the Russians out of the Balkans, Austria–Hungary formed an alliance, the
4815:
Austria subsequently joined a telegraph union with German states. In the Kingdom of Hungary, 2,406 telegraph post offices operated in 1884. By 1914 the number of telegraph offices reached 3,000 in post offices and further 2,400 were installed in the railway stations of the Kingdom of Hungary.
4930:
appeared in the first half of the 19th century. Between the 1850s and 1880s many were built : Vienna (1865), Budapest (1866), Brno (1869), Trieste (1876). Steam trams appeared in the late 1860s. The electrification of tramways started in the late 1880s. The first electrified tramway in
3525:
In May 1915, Italy attacked Austria–Hungary. Italy was the only military opponent of Austria–Hungary which had a similar degree of industrialization and economic level; moreover, her army was numerous (≈1,000,000 men were immediately fielded), but suffered from poor leadership, training and
4745:
exports were not limited to neighbouring Germany and Italy: Hungary became the most important foreign food supplier of the large cities and industrial centres of the United Kingdom. Galicia, which has been described as the poorest province of Austro-Hungary, experienced near-constant
5175:, Hungary's "Iron Minister", succeeded in financing this project. The riverbed rocks and the associated rapids made the gorge valley an infamous passage for shipping. In German, the passage is still known as the Kataraktenstrecke, even though the cataracts are gone. Near the actual "
3088:. Both were motivated by political ambition; the first would emerge successful, and the latter would be broken by the crisis. Along the way, they would drag Europe to the brink of war in 1909. They would also divide Europe into the two armed camps that would go to war in July 1914.
9477:
3878:, foreign policy and the imperial household, and the customs union. Although the two halves shared a common monarch and both foreign relations and defense were managed jointly, all other state functions were to be handled separately as there was no common citizenship.
3421:
The Russian Third Army perished. In summer 1915, the Austro-Hungarian Army, under a unified command with the Germans, participated in the successful Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive. From June 1916, the Russians focused their attacks on the Austro-Hungarian army in the
5196:
with 589 km (366 mi) of "dead channels" and 136 km (85 mi) of new riverbed. The resultant length of the flood-protected river comprises 2,940 km (1,830 mi) (out of 4,220 km (2,620 mi) of all Hungarian protected rivers).
5135:
Milestone due to the radically new innovations in its era: "Among the railway's innovative elements were bidirectional tram cars; electric lighting in the subway stations and tram cars; and an overhead wire structure instead of a third-rail system for power".
3863:
The government of Austria, which had ruled the monarchy until 1867, became the government of the Austrian part, and another government was formed for the Hungarian part. The common government (officially designated Ministerial Council for Common Affairs, or
3685:
Austria–Hungary held on for years, as the Hungarian half provided sufficient supplies for the military to continue to wage war. This was shown in a transition of power after which the Hungarian prime minister, Count István Tisza, and foreign minister, Count
2996:
This treaty sparked an international uproar that almost resulted in a general European war. Austria–Hungary and Britain feared that a large Bulgaria would become a Russian satellite that would enable the tsar to dominate the Balkans. British prime minister
3745:
and two days later Emperor Karl I issued a proclamation ("Imperial Manifesto of 16 October 1918") altering the empire into a federal union to give ethnic groups decentralization and representation. However, on 18 October, United States Secretary of State
2870:
started to negotiate the new laws to be accepted on 30 March. However, Hungarian leaders received word that the Emperor's formal coronation as King of Hungary on 8 June had to have taken place in order for the laws to be enacted within the lands of the
7237:
He was photographed on the way to the station and the photograph has been reproduced many times in books and articles, claiming to depict the arrest of Gavrilo Princip. But there is no photograph of Gavro's arrest – this photograph shows the arrest of
7449:
Ladislaus Count von Szögyény-Marich (Berlin) to Leopold Count von Berchtold (5 July 1914), in Ludwig Bittner, et al., eds., Österreich-Ungarns Aussenpolitik von der Bosnischen Krise 1908 bis zum Kriegsausbruch 1914 . 8 vols, Vienna, 1930, vol. 8, no.
4774:, led to an even more rapid economic growth throughout Austria–Hungary by the early 20th century. However, since the turn of the twentieth century, the Austrian half of the Monarchy could preserve its dominance within the empire in the sectors of the
3793:
By the end of October, there was nothing left of the Habsburg realm but its majority-German Danubian and Alpine provinces, and Karl's authority was being challenged even there by the German-Austrian state council. Karl's last Austrian prime minister,
4026:") in school, office and public life, is recognized by the state. In those territories in which several races dwell, the public and educational institutions are to be so arranged that, without applying compulsion to learn a second country language ("
3056:
rather than attaching it to either territorial government. The annexation in 1908 led some in Vienna to contemplate combining Bosnia and Herzegovina with Croatia to form a third Slavic component of the monarchy. The deaths of Franz Joseph's brother,
5430:, refused his cooperation. Soon afterward, the Hungarian government nullified the Pragmatic Sanction, effectively dethroning the Habsburgs. Subsequently, the British took custody of Karl and removed him and his family to the Portuguese island of
6266:
is not firmly defined, and depending on the interpretation, some territories may be included or excluded from it; this holds for parts of Austria–Hungary as well, although the historical interpretation clearly places the monarchy in Central
9802:
Tramways in Poland (including Galicia), Book: Arkadiusz Kołoś, Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej: Rozwój przestrzenny a współczesne funkcjonowanie miejskiego transportu szynowego w Polsce (page:
3244:, expecting Serbia would never accept. When Serbia accepted nine of the ten demands but only partially accepted the remaining one, Austria–Hungary declared war. Franz Joseph I finally followed the urgent counsel of his top advisers.
157:
11593:
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The following present-day countries and parts of countries were within the boundaries of Austria–Hungary when the empire was dissolved. Some other provinces of Europe had been part of the Habsburg monarchy at one time before 1867.
3601:
was formed. Italy also enjoyed support by the Entente powers: by 1918, large amounts of war materials and a few auxiliary American, British, and French divisions arrived in the Italian battle zone. Cadorna was replaced by General
4765:
became predominant within the empire and made up a large proportion of the export to the rest of Europe. Meanwhile, western areas, concentrated mainly around Prague and Vienna, excelled in various manufacturing industries. This
158:
3305:
The Austro-Hungarian Empire conscripted 7.8 million soldiers during WWI. General von Hötzendorf was the Chief of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff. Franz Joseph I, who was much too old to command the army, appointed
3936:
units and deepened by the advent to power in Budapest in April 1906 of a Hungarian nationalist coalition. Provisional renewals of the common arrangements occurred in October 1907 and in November 1917 on the basis of the
4756:
However, by the end of the 19th century, economic differences gradually began to even out as economic growth in the eastern parts of the monarchy consistently surpassed that in the western. The strong agriculture and
3661:. In 1917, after several defensive victories (managing to stop the German-Austro-Hungarian advance), with Russia's withdrawal from the war following the October Revolution, Romania was forced to drop out of the war.
3158:, excessively intensified the existing traditional religion-based ethnic hostilities in Bosnia. However, in Sarajevo itself, Austrian authorities encouraged violence against the Serb residents, which resulted in the
12763:
5179:" strait the Prigrada rock was the most important obstacle until 1896: the river widened considerably here and the water level was consequently low. Upstream, the Greben rock near the "Kazan" gorge was notorious.
7340:... Andric describes the "Sarajevo frenzy of hate" that erupted among Muslims, Catholics, and Orthodox believers following the assassination on June 28, 1914, of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo ...
1219:: 5 corona, 1908 – the bust of Franz Joseph I facing right surrounded by the legend "Franciscus Iosephus I, Dei gratia, imperator Austriae, rex Bohemiae, Galiciae, Illyriae et cetera et apostolicus rex Hungariae"
9385:
Commercial Relations of the United States: Reports from the Consuls of the United States on the Commerce, Manufactures, Etc., of Their Consular Districts. Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1881 (page:
3766:
Czechoslovakia) and followed up in other major cities in the next few days. On 30 October, the Slovaks did the same. On 29 October, the Slavs in both portions of what remained of Austria–Hungary proclaimed the
3231:
His Majesty authorized me to report to that in this case, too, we could count on Germany's full support. As mentioned, he first had to consult with the Chancellor, but he did not have the slightest doubt that
2855:(of which the Habsburg emperor was the hereditary president) and the exclusion of Austria from German affairs. These twin defeats gave the Hungarians the opportunity to remove the shackles of absolutist rule.
5212:(12,567 t) of the Austro-Americana company was the largest passenger ship ever built in Austria. Because of its control over the coast of much of the Balkans, Austria–Hungary had access to several seaports.
9758:
István Tisza and László Kovács: A magyar állami, magán- és helyiérdekű vasúttársaságok fejlődése 1876–1900 között, Magyar Vasúttörténet 2. kötet. Budapest: Közlekedési Dokumentációs Kft., 58–59, 83–84. o.
9340:
Schulze, Max-Stephan. Patterns of growth and stagnation in the late nineteenth century Habsburg economy, pp. 337-338. European Review of Economic History. 2000;4(3):311-340. doi:10.1017/S1361491600000095
2824:
military assistance, and the level of autonomy that the Hungarian state had enjoyed was replaced with absolutist rule from Vienna. This further increased Hungarian resentment of the Habsburg dominion.
7634:
Keleher, Edward P. (1992). "Emperor Karl and the Sixtus Affair: Politico-Nationalist Repercussions in the Reich German and Austro-German Camps, and the Disintegration of Habsburg Austria, 1916–1918".
3240:
The leaders of Austria–Hungary therefore decided to confront Serbia militarily before it could incite a revolt; using the assassination as an excuse, they presented a list of ten demands called the
12778:
12773:
12768:
12758:
11557:
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in the monarch, who had the power to take all measures regarding the whole army. In practice, the emperor's nephew Archduke Albrecht was his chief military advisor and made the policy decisions.
3589:
using new infiltration tactics; although they advanced more than 100 km (62.14 mi) in the direction of Venice and gained considerable supplies, they were halted and could not cross the
9439:
3171:
and extradited approximately 5,500 prominent Serbs, 700 to 2,200 of whom died in prison. Four hundred sixty Serbs were sentenced to death and a predominantly Muslim special militia known as the
12829:
8928:
12965:
12960:
12955:
12950:
12945:
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Austro-Hungarian Empire had also more industrialized economy and higher GDP per capita than the Kingdom of Italy, which was economically the far most developed actual opponent of the Empire.
4069:
gave Czech equal standing with German in the internal government of Bohemia; this led to a crisis because of nationalist German agitation throughout the empire. The Crown dismissed Badeni.
4020:
All races of the empire have equal rights, and every race has an inviolable right to the preservation and use of its own nationality and language. The equality of all customary languages ("
11590:
2858:
Realizing the need to compromise with Hungary in order to retain its great power status, the central government in Vienna began negotiations with the Hungarian political leaders, led by
9950:
4696:
The heavily rural Austro-Hungarian economy slowly modernised after 1867. Railroads opened up once-remote areas, and cities grew. Many small firms promoted capitalist way of production.
5386:, became regent, but was forced to stand down after only two weeks when it became apparent the Allies would not recognise him. Finally, in March 1920, royal powers were entrusted to a
11627:
7609:
5423:
5398:
of the Austro-Hungarian Navy and had helped organize the counter-revolutionary forces. It was this government that signed the Treaty of Trianon under protest on 4 June 1920 at the
7051:
4277:
showed their support, but the Croat ones opposed it and tried to show that the Istro-Romanians were in fact Slavs. During Austro-Hungarian rule, the Istro-Romanians lived under
3754:
had joined the Allies on 14 October. The South Slavs in both halves of the monarchy had already declared in favor of uniting with Serbia in a large South Slav state in the 1917
12123:
11638:
In the Twilight of Empire. Count Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal (1854–1912): Imperial Habsburg Patriot and Statesman. Vol. 2: From Foreign Minister in Waiting to de facto Chancellor
10340:
9349:
Schulze, Max-Stephan. Austria-Hungary’s economy in World War I, p. 79. In: Broadberry S, Harrison M, eds. The Economics of World War I. Cambridge University Press; 2005:77-111.
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and escalate out of control. The antisemitic parties remained on the periphery of the political sphere due to their low popularity among voters in the parliamentary elections.
7374:
3236:
would fully agree with him, particularly with regard to action on our part against Serbia. In his opinion, though, there was no need to wait patiently before taking action...
7438:... arrested and interned some 5.500 prominent Serbs and sentenced to death some 460 persons, a new Schutzkorps, an auxiliary militia, widened the anti-Serb repression.
92:
6867:
12029:
3472:
ending the World War I, in spite of the previous initial total dependence of the kingdom on its sponsors, it ultimately served against their intentions as the cornerstone
4575:
in Pécs in 1367. Sigismund established a university at Óbuda in 1395. Another, Universitas Istropolitana, was established 1465 in Pozsony (now Bratislava in Slovakia) by
4782:, in these modern sectors of the second industrial revolution (like machine building industry and electric industry) the Austrian competition could not become dominant.
2888:
12113:
4368:
and rural areas in Hungary and Bohemia; however, they had large communities and even local majorities in the downtown districts of Vienna, Budapest, Prague, Kraków and
950:
904:
529:
3334:
another six percent. Compared all the major countries in the war, the death and casualty rate was toward the high-end regarding the present-day territory of Austria.
12479:
10629:
9873:
9188:
3037:
region was under Austro-Hungarian occupation between 1878 and 1909, when it was returned to the Ottoman Empire, before being ultimately divided between kingdoms of
13533:
10310:
8838:
8583:
17560:
4393:
4161:
The language disputes were most fiercely fought in Bohemia, where the Czech speakers formed a majority and sought equal status for their language to German. The
18613:
12719:
5295:
was mainly a coast defence force, and also included a flotilla of monitors for the Danube. It was administered by the naval department of the ministry of war.
10424:
Virtually the entire population of what remained of Hungary regarded the Treaty of Trianon as manifestly unfair, and agitation for revision began immediately.
8554:
Günther Kronenbitter: "Krieg im Frieden". Die Führung der k.u.k. Armee und die Großmachtpolitik Österreich-Ungarns 1906–1914. Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 2003,
5657:, which had formerly looked to Vienna for protection and whose ruling house held sizable real estate in Cisleithania, formed a customs and defense union with
4233:
previous year. In spite of nominal autonomy, the Croatian government was an economic and administrative part of Hungary, which the Croatians resented. In the
3762:. The Croatians had begun disregarding orders from Budapest earlier in October. Lansing's response was, in effect, the death certificate of Austria–Hungary.
13134:
11786:
5776:
5518:
4389:
3049:
2968:
as early as 1879 and were commended for their bravery in service of the Austrian emperor, being awarded more medals than any other unit. The military march "
2875:. On 28 July, Franz Joseph, in his new capacity as King of Hungary, approved and promulgated the new laws, which officially gave birth to the Dual Monarchy.
143:
11246:
9654:
See the above cited book: Stephen Broadberry and Kevin H. O'Rourke: The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present, page: 80
9096:
6511:
3096:
1792:
487:
11554:
9502:
3001:
moved warships into position against Russia to halt the advance of Russian influence in the eastern Mediterranean so close to Britain's route through the
18603:
18048:
15803:
9767:(1996)(English: The development of Hungarian private and state owned commuter railway companies between 1876 – 1900, Hungarian railway History Volume II.
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3950:
3579:
378:
12002:
HABSBURG is an email discussion list dealing with the culture and history of the Habsburg monarchy and its successor states in central Europe since 1500
9148:
18618:
13448:
11933:
7073:
5768:
5665:– the westernmost province of Austria – voted by a large majority to join Switzerland; however, both the Swiss and the Allies disregarded this result.
5159:
by a canal from Vienna to Trieste. It was born from the desire of Austria–Hungary to have a direct link to the Adriatic Sea but was never constructed.
4123:
The following years saw official recognition of several languages, at least in Austria. Since 1867, laws awarded Croatian equal status with Italian in
3069:, heir to the throne. The Archduke was rumoured to have been an advocate for this trialism as a means to limit the power of the Hungarian aristocracy.
13172:
10262:
8288:
4800:
The first telegraph connection (Vienna—Brno—Prague) had started operation in 1847. In Hungarian territory the first telegraph stations were opened in
12138:
8408:
1095:
One of Europe's major powers at the time, Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe and the third-most populous (after
11949:
12793:
12022:
7976:
2069:
13279:
8922:
6640:
4146:. This led to the further closing of minority schools, devoted mostly to the Slovak and Rusyn languages. The two kingdoms sometimes divided their
12651:
12143:
12133:
11231:
6053:
4571:
In the year 1276, the university of Veszprém was destroyed by the troops of Péter Csák and it was never rebuilt. A university was established by
3909:
3649:). Within three months of the war, the Central Powers came near Bucharest, the Romanian capital city. On 6 December, the Central Powers captured
2279:
1139:
1104:
230:
217:
11882:
11131:
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largely because of Italy's imperial rivalries with France. Tensions between Russia and Austria–Hungary remained high, so Bismarck replaced the
14269:
9942:
9285:
8759:
4875:
By 1913, the combined length of the railway tracks of the Austrian Empire and Kingdom of Hungary reached 43,280 kilometres (26,890 miles). In
4225:). The Romanians and the Serbs began to agitate for union with their fellow nationalists and language speakers in the newly founded states of
12472:
12118:
9733:
3355:
At the start of the war, the army was divided into two: the smaller part attacked Serbia while the larger part fought against the formidable
3108:
1797:
11624:
7578:
3048:
On the heels of the Great Balkan Crisis, Austro-Hungarian forces occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina in August 1878 and the monarchy eventually
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2011:
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Following the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in June 1914, Catholic Croats and Muslims in Sarajevo joined forces in an anti-Serb pogrom.
4812:
in 1848. The first telegraph connection between Vienna and Pest–Buda (later Budapest) was constructed in 1850, and Vienna–Zagreb in 1850.
2922:
of France and Italy for an anti-Prussian alliance, but no terms could be reached. The decisive victory of the Prusso-German armies in the
1069:
between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consisted of two sovereign states with a single monarch who was titled both
13523:
12015:
11980:
Mangham, Arthur Neal. The Social Bases of Austrian Politics: The German Electoral Districts of Cisleithania, 1900–1914. Ph.D. thesis 1974
7890:
6180:
11852:
11525:
Kapp, Richard W. (1984). "Divided Loyalties: The German Reich and Austria–Hungary in Austro-German Discussions of War Aims, 1914–1916".
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9413:
8044:
The Beginning of Futility: Diplomatic, Political, Military and Naval Events on the Austro-Italian Front in the First World War 1914–1917
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6698:
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1910. ÉVI NÉPSZÁMLÁLÁS 1. A népesség főbb adatai községek és népesebb puszták, telepek szerint (1912) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana
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languages, as well as in the "dominant" languages—Hungarian and German. By the "Ordinance of 5 April 1897", the Austrian Prime Minister
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12712:
11968:
7464:
3211:, had wanted to confront the resurgent Serbian nation for some years in a preventive war, but the Emperor and Hungarian prime minister
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2139:
9776:
Tramways in Austria: Book: Buckley, Richard (2000). Tramways and Light Railways of Switzerland and Austria (2nd edition), pp. 129–135
9205:
7383:, p. 485, The Bosnian wartime militia (Schutzkorps), which became known for its persecution of Serbs, was overwhelmingly Muslim..
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Around 1900, Jews numbered about two million in the whole territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; their position was ambiguous. The
18623:
13127:
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9602:
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and the subsequent founding of the German Empire ended all hope of re-establishing Austrian influence in Germany, and Beust retired.
2918:, who had repeatedly outmaneuvered him. Beust looked to France for avenging Austria's defeat and attempted to negotiate with Emperor
1863:
17:
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18011:
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16505:
15412:
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The Habsburg Empire in World War I: Essays on the Intellectual, Military, Political and Economic Aspects of the Habsburg War Effort
10074:
9821:
Tramways in Croatia: Book: Vlado Puljiz, Gojko Bežovan, Teo Matković, dr. Zoran Šućur, Siniša Zrinščak: Socijalna politika Hrvatske
7766:
The Habsburg Empire in World War I: Essays on the Intellectual, Military, Political and Economic Aspects of the Habsburg War Effort
1353:
From 1867 onwards, the abbreviations heading the names of official institutions in Austria–Hungary reflected their responsibility:
18465:
16823:
15669:
13209:
12970:
12803:
12798:
12788:
12783:
12753:
12281:
10100:
8788:
6952:
6859:
6160:
3127:
2514:
13382:
11610:
11336:
Craig, Gordon A. (1965). "The World War I Alliance of the Central Powers in Retrospect: The Military Cohesion of the Alliance".
10362:
9627:
HT Muzej (Croatian Telecom Museum): '125 godina telefonije u Hrvatskoj' (125 years of Telephony in Croatia), Zagreb 2006., P.-2,
8616:"Staatsgrundgesetz über die allgemeinen Rechte und Staatsbürger für die im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder (1867)"
8479:
3582:, Germans and Austrians were able to move on the Western and Southern fronts much manpower from the erstwhile Eastern fighting.
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took place over five months (23 June – 2 December 1915). The fight was extremely bloody and exhausting for both the contenders.
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893:
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13335:
12683:
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Banking and industrialization in Austria-Hungary: the role of banks in the industrialization of the Czech crownlands, 1873–1914
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10130:
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Engineering and Economic Growth: The Development of Austria–Hungary's Machine-Building Industry in the Late Nineteenth Century
8619:
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Engineering and Economic Growth: The Development of Austria–Hungary's Machine-Building Industry in the Late Nineteenth Century
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13073:
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12904:
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12894:
12889:
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12874:
12869:
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12854:
12849:
12844:
12839:
12834:
12705:
11813:
11576:
11515:
11326:
11209:
11016:
10936:
10873:
10704:
10681:
10654:
10623:
10489:
10405:
9988:
9743:
9696:
9672:
9575:
9449:
9407:
9268:
8980:
8883:
8753:
8489:
8456:
8211:
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8051:
8011:
7926:
7898:
7866:
7841:
7816:
7791:
7725:
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7259:
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7205:
7002:
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6170:
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3017:
Anxious about Balkan instability and Russian aggression, and to counter French interests in Europe, Austria–Hungary forged a
2364:
2249:
1103:). The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine-building industry in the world. With the exception of the territory of the
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13563:
10411:
8718:
8533:
8372:
8088:
7284:
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3562:. The Italians managed to resist and in a counteroffensive seized Gorizia on 9 August. Nonetheless, they had to stop on the
188:
18598:
18573:
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15757:
15644:
13806:
13120:
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13010:
13005:
13000:
12995:
12990:
12985:
12980:
12975:
12411:
11387:
9686:
4242:
3774:. On the same day, the Czechs and Slovaks formally proclaimed the establishment of Czechoslovakia as an independent state.
3216:
1934:
1090:
15128:
10731:
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6298:
3781:
voted in favour of terminating the union with Austria. The most prominent opponent of continued union with Austria, Count
3208:
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17902:
17892:
17328:
15624:
13856:
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13103:
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5588:
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The following states were formed, re-established or expanded at the dissolution of the former Austro–Hungarian monarchy:
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3307:
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2424:
1540:
1322:
1127:
1082:
985:
660:
623:
261:
226:
207:
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10302:
8590:
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17809:
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17333:
15664:
15274:
14274:
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12245:
9171:
Imperial Lineages and Legacies in the Eastern Mediterranean: Recording the Imprint of Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Rule
8317:
Through the Prism of the Habsburg Monarchy: Hungary in American Diplomacy and Public Opinion During the First World War
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2214:
2174:
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Museum of Moslavina Kutina, Jasmina Uroda Kutlić: 'Telefon – čudo Novoga vijeka' (Telephone the miracle of Modern era)
3270:
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9781:
9764:
9532:
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8712:
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Wank, Solomon; Jelavich, Barbara (1980). "The Impact of the Dual Alliance on the Germans in Austria and Vice-Versa".
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Manuscript of Franz Joseph I. – Stephan Vajda, Felix Austria. Eine Geschichte Österreichs, Ueberreuter 1980, Vienna,
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In 1831 a plan had already been drafted to make the passage navigable, at the initiative of the Hungarian politician
5145:
5109:
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1522:) in its international relations. It was often contracted to the "Dual Monarchy" in English or simply referred to as
1491:
1135:
9549:
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18031:
17796:
17143:
13376:
13359:
13345:
12535:
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5583:
5367:
natural resources. The Hungarian Democratic Republic was short-lived and was temporarily replaced by the communist
4858:
4427:
4365:
4332:
4312:
4132:
3960:
2779:
2204:
2004:
1944:
1721:
11783:
5216:
3750:
replied that autonomy for the nationalities – the tenth of the Fourteen Points – was no longer enough. In fact, a
3723:
envisaged the Habsburg Empire as being made up of five Kingdoms, in a last desperate attempt to save the Monarchy.
3408:, an auxiliary military formation within the Austro-Hungarian army. The Austro-Hungarian Army was defeated at the
16541:
16085:
14900:
13851:
12643:
12431:
11277:
9325:
5649:; all were ultimately absorbed mostly into Poland, but also into Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia.
5426:
collapsed. The initially wavering Horthy, after receiving threats of intervention from the Allied Powers and the
4460:
3143:
3062:
3005:. The Treaty of San Stefano was seen in Austria as much too favourable for Russia and its Orthodox-Slavic goals.
2832:
2683:
1475:
809:
712:
122:
99:
14062:
9920:
9100:
6507:
3417:
17824:
17786:
17120:
16623:
15903:
15619:
13841:
13575:
13238:
12426:
12038:
9498:
5630:
4524:
4431:
4249:
who during his short reign supported the trialist idea only to be vetoed by the Hungarian government and Count
3728:
3350:
3252:
initially remained neutral, despite its alliance with Austria–Hungary. In 1915, it switched to the side of the
2961:
2808:
in 1718, all former territories of the Hungarian kingdom were ceded from the Ottomans to the Habsburgs. In the
2738:
2698:
2579:
2444:
1959:
1919:
1904:
1162:
13615:
13601:
9812:
History of Public Transport in Hungary. Book: Zsuzsa Frisnyák: A magyarországi közlekedés krónikája, 1750–2000
9232:"Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem (Budapest University of Technology and Economics) — moveonnet"
3737:
On 14 October 1918, Foreign Minister Baron István Burián von Rajecz asked for an armistice based on President
3610:(15–23 June 1918), in which some 60,000 Austrian and 43,000 Italian soldiers were killed. The final battle at
3180:
18410:
18400:
18166:
16957:
15813:
15634:
15338:
13143:
12560:
11929:
11086:. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. pp. 313–343.
10182:
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3469:
3445:
3405:
3233:
2911:
2648:
2329:
2129:
1924:
1908:
506:
401:
31:
9169:
Strauss, Johann. "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire" (Chapter 7). In: Murphey, Rhoads (editor).
4442:
4253:. The count finally signed the trialist proclamation after heavy pressure from the king on 23 October 1918.
18256:
18128:
18001:
17791:
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16593:
16581:
16100:
15793:
15710:
15532:
15405:
15333:
15217:
13596:
13194:
11750:
Deak, John (2014). "The Great War and the Forgotten Realm: The Habsburg Monarchy and the First World War".
8292:
6109:
The Empire treated Bosnia-Herzegovina in much the same way the other powers treated their overseas colonies
4942:(1905); Unterlach, Ybbs an der Donau (1907); Salzburg (1909); Klagenfurt, Sankt Pölten (1911); Piran (1912)
4779:
4676:
banknote of the Dual Monarchy, using all official and recognized languages (the reverse side was Hungarian)
4179:
3999:
3977:
3026:
2969:
2817:
2589:
2394:
1976:
1954:
1107:, the Empire of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary were separate sovereign countries in international law.
618:
17912:
12697:
11379:
Deak, John, and Jonathan E. Gumz. "How to Break a State: The Habsburg Monarchy's Internal War, 1914–1918"
9917:"UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage Committee Inscribes 9 New Sites on the World Heritage List"
8405:
6491:
3464:. The origin of that document was the dire need to draft new recruits from German-occupied Poland for the
3330:
the diverse nationalities gave up on the Empire and looked for ways to establish their own nation states.
18460:
18450:
18405:
18200:
18043:
17917:
17819:
17474:
17388:
17283:
17198:
17115:
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16340:
15837:
15592:
15343:
14380:
13243:
13214:
12620:
12416:
12313:
12202:
8074:
7914:
7574:
7548:
6889:
Schmitt, Hans A. (1968). "Count Beust and Germany, 1866–1870: Reconquest, Realignment, or Resignation?".
5772:
5565:
4771:
4746:
4343:. Antisemitic parties and movements existed, but the governments of Vienna and Budapest did not initiate
4238:
4234:
3956:
3704:
3571:
3518:
3500:
3397:
3380:
3185:
3159:
2844:
2772:
2708:
2693:
2049:
2029:
1997:
1964:
1939:
1929:
1914:
1550:
1433:
1336:
Die im Reichsrat vertretenen Königreiche und Länder und die Länder der Heiligen Ungarischen Stephanskrone
1185:
1131:
957:
433:
300:
12271:
11123:
Sauer, Walter. "Habsburg Colonial: Austria-Hungary's Role in European Overseas Expansion Reconsidered",
7980:
2859:
18578:
18337:
18330:
18296:
18021:
17960:
17928:
17839:
17726:
17621:
17536:
17125:
17023:
15982:
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15730:
15547:
13248:
12745:
12675:
12421:
12197:
12192:
12174:
12082:
6632:
5993:
were not part of Hungary proper, the latter two were part of the sovereign Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia)
4663:
4544:
4182:, hitherto dominated by German speakers, was divided into German and Czech-speaking faculties in 1882.
4066:
3921:
3894:
3841:
3799:
3627:
3401:
3278:
3224:
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2224:
1815:
1623:
911:
738:
597:
583:
17313:
13756:
12553:
11082:
8428:
7957:
Banac, Ivo (1992). "'Emperor Karl Has Become a Comitadji': The Croatian Disturbances of Autumn 1918".
6800:
6688:
6353:
4837:
3480:, the latter composed also of territories never intended by the Central Powers to be ceded to Poland.
3400:, the war started out equally poorly. The government accepted the Polish proposal of establishing the
18628:
18074:
18038:
17942:
17781:
17591:
17278:
17213:
17203:
17188:
16523:
16470:
16380:
15695:
15654:
15614:
15301:
14449:
14013:
13746:
13548:
13409:
13253:
13182:
12240:
12103:
11879:
10747:
Armour, Ian D. (2009). "Apple of Discord: Austria-Hungary, Serbia and the Bosnian Question 1867-71".
10367:
7297:... the assassination was followed by officially encouraged anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo ...
6209:
6115:
5864:
5860:
5552:
5368:
4969:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3598:
3514:
3081:
2569:
2464:
2269:
2259:
2074:
1166:
574:
464:
17413:
13177:
12004:, with discussions, syllabi, book reviews, queries, conferences; edited daily by scholars since 1994
11918:
11906:. (ed.: Rudolf Rothaug), K. u. k. Hof-Kartographische Anstalt G. Freytag & Berndt, Vienna, 1911.
11288:
Cornwall, Mark (1992). "News, Rumour and the Control of Information in Austria–Hungary, 1914–1918".
11128:
10218:
10033:
9889:
9292:
6348:
5273:
18558:
18440:
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18241:
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16885:
16237:
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15639:
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15259:
15234:
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14743:
14738:
13836:
12625:
12441:
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12235:
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8809:
8741:
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5548:
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3021:
with Germany in October 1879 and in May 1882. In October 1882 Italy joined this partnership in the
2728:
2609:
2454:
1835:
751:
106:
11679:
Baedeker, Karl (1906). "Austria–Hungary, Including Dalmatia and Bosnia. Handbook for Travellers".
11148:
10865:
4973:
1066:
18568:
18445:
18324:
18291:
18222:
18186:
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18006:
17991:
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17776:
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16395:
16121:
15937:
15927:
15894:
15874:
15864:
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15700:
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15582:
15552:
15398:
15326:
15207:
14748:
14701:
14644:
14343:
14287:
14035:
13289:
13167:
12308:
12219:
11197:
Vermes, Gabor. "The Impact of the Dual Alliance on the Magyars of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy"
11105:
Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
9316:
Peter F. Sugar, Péter Hanák: A History of Hungary (Publisher: Indiana University Press) Page: 262
7486:
6948:
6794:
6573:
Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
5542:
5363:
5337:
5308:
5269:
5121:
4713:
4528:
4420:
3484:
3204:
2812:, the Kingdom of Hungary called for greater self-government and later even independence from the
2718:
2658:
2544:
2164:
1881:
1820:
1174:
1062:
832:
438:
363:
18146:
11924:
7318:
3657:, together with the Romanian government, royal court and public authorities, which relocated to
3385:
18286:
17756:
17631:
17546:
17393:
17105:
17038:
16906:
16855:
16787:
16687:
16677:
16475:
16410:
16217:
16146:
15889:
15783:
15737:
15522:
15502:
15348:
15249:
15244:
14932:
14880:
14800:
14733:
14637:
14622:
14515:
14282:
14236:
14077:
13964:
13690:
13633:
13515:
13353:
12568:
12328:
12298:
12207:
11073:
11047:
Austria–Hungary and the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
9235:
8444:
Austria–Hungary and the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
6450:
6149:
6060:
5879:
5728:
5571:
5148:(DDSG), was the world's largest inland shipping company until the collapse of Austria-Hungary.
4721:
4673:
4217:
and of Dalmatia (today's Croatia), in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the provinces known as the
3905:) in Cisleithania. Each parliament had its own executive government, appointed by the monarch.
3716:
3477:
3320:
3077:
3058:
3022:
2899:
2840:
2434:
1683:
1189:
971:
840:
10613:
9870:
9397:
9185:
8970:
8203:
7658:
6994:
6571:
4888:
The first Hungarian steam locomotive railway line was opened on 15 July 1846 between Pest and
445:
18455:
18395:
18271:
18251:
17986:
17844:
17616:
17596:
17576:
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17403:
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17303:
17095:
17090:
16865:
16812:
16637:
16546:
16515:
16455:
16405:
16187:
16177:
15879:
15747:
15715:
15279:
15239:
15052:
14927:
13991:
13981:
13940:
13911:
13786:
13507:
13324:
13157:
12323:
12108:
11824:
10568:
10047:
9645:
Thomas Derdak, Adéle Hast: International Directory of Company Histories – Volume 5 – Page 315
8321:
8174:
7398:
7357:
6943:; Wagnleitner, Reinhold F.; Fellner, Fritz; Zöllner, Erich; Ray, Michael (28 November 2023).
6743:
6669:
6576:. European nations Facts on File library of world history. Infobase Publishing. p. 401.
6328:
5909:
5847:
5292:
5257:
5168:
4938:
Austria: Gmunden (1894); Linz, Vienna (1897); Graz (1898); Trieste (1900); Ljubljana (1901);
4846:
4775:
4741:
4536:
4467:
4292:
4262:
4127:. Beginning in 1882, there was a Slovene majority in the Diet of Carniola and in the capital
3929:
3875:
3771:
3542:
3441:
3356:
3133:
3038:
2990:
2965:
2872:
2805:
2673:
1193:
999:
16767:
15167:
13696:
13639:
11825:"Review Article: Nationalism and all that: Reassessing the Habsburg Monarchy and its legacy"
10255:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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18227:
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13751:
13558:
13432:
13414:
12667:
12594:
12546:
12505:
12266:
12212:
12052:
10696:
10214:
10208:
10029:
10023:
9856:
Tramways in Slovakia: Book: Július Bartl: Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon – p. 112
9209:
7424:
Austrian-Greek encounters over the centuries: history, diplomacy, politics, arts, economics
5868:
5403:
5326:
4697:
4540:
4246:
3778:
3720:
3633:
3594:
3575:
3488:
3095:
In 1914, Slavic militants in Bosnia rejected Austria's plan to fully absorb the area; they
2852:
2723:
2384:
2064:
1769:
1754:
1178:
673:
592:
476:
15152:
13761:
12446:
9606:
7103:
3413:
3389:
2933:
8:
18301:
18161:
17974:
17897:
17626:
17571:
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17398:
17383:
17373:
17338:
17268:
17183:
17153:
17100:
16817:
16571:
16566:
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16227:
16182:
16141:
16046:
15957:
15899:
15849:
15808:
15752:
15683:
15490:
15064:
14944:
14910:
14812:
14632:
14627:
14439:
14158:
14094:
13969:
13954:
13801:
13727:
13714:
13667:
13657:
13609:
12922:
12530:
12169:
11729:
8448:
5843:
5712:
5579:
5224:
5128:
4927:
4147:
3981:
Comparative demographics of Empire of Austria and Kingdom of Hungary in Europe before WW1
3933:
3782:
3586:
3555:
3465:
2923:
2895:
2848:
2743:
2524:
2194:
2109:
1663:
1628:
1347:
A Birodalmi Tanácsban képviselt királyságok és országok és a Magyar Szent Korona országai
1086:
560:
14780:
14770:
13846:
13225:
11142:
11091:
10078:
9099:[The Jews in Hungary in the light of the numbers] (in Hungarian). Archived from
8127:"Review of Torrey, Glenn E., Romania and World War I: A Collection of Studies. HABSBURG"
5974:
5321:: Kingdom of Hungary lost 72% of its land and 3.3 million people of Hungarian ethnicity.
4712:) was opened in 1771 in Vienna, the first stock exchange of the Kingdom of Hungary (the
3404:
as the Polish central authority within the Empire, responsible for the formation of the
2800:
18484:
18415:
18382:
18316:
18266:
18171:
18097:
17907:
17856:
17829:
17689:
17525:
17348:
17343:
17308:
17288:
17263:
17258:
17253:
17248:
17243:
17228:
17223:
17168:
17075:
16921:
16792:
16682:
16662:
16618:
16561:
16556:
16533:
16500:
16490:
16480:
16362:
16013:
16006:
15919:
15818:
15788:
15771:
15557:
15537:
15451:
15433:
15425:
15177:
15157:
15140:
15091:
14956:
14765:
14716:
14649:
14567:
14508:
14503:
14498:
14454:
14424:
14316:
14214:
14082:
14057:
13776:
13401:
12615:
12520:
12510:
12436:
11844:
11767:
11706:
11673:
11542:
11458:
11361:
11353:
11301:
11269:
11167:
11118:
11108:
11098:
11022:
10991:
10981:
10942:
10815:
10772:
10764:
10556:
9441:
Case Studies on Modern European Economy: Entrepreneurship, Inventions, and Institutions
8904:
8746:
Sources on Jewish Self-Government in the Polish Lands from Its Inception to the Present
8233:
7882:
7731:
7705:
7601:
7311:
6940:
6922:
6914:
6403:
6247:
6175:
5997:
5921:
5818:
5762:
5704:
5696:
5508:
4825:
4767:
4572:
4520:
4373:
4113:
4046:
3853:
3820:
3759:
3687:
3538:
3491:, who fought for the independence of Czechoslovakia against the Austro-Hungarian army.
3426:
3422:
3085:
3033:
with Russia to keep the Habsburgs from recklessly starting a war over Pan-Slavism. The
3030:
3018:
2939:
2688:
2668:
2663:
2653:
2504:
2319:
2038:
1825:
1736:
1688:
1594:
1559:
1515:
1371:
1341:
1234:
1197:
1070:
1013:
323:
291:
72:
13781:
11646:
A Mad Catastrophe: The Outbreak of World War I and the Collapse of the Habsburg Empire
11433:
Vienna and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I
10823:
The Last Years of Austria–Hungary: Essays in political and military history, 1908–1918
10599:
The Habsburg monarchy, 1809–1918: a history of the Austrian Empire and Austria–Hungary
10104:
9326:
Publishers' Association, Booksellers Association of Great Britain and Ireland (1930).
8858:
Romania. Recueil trimestriel consacré à l'étude des langes et des littératures romanes
8780:
7944:
Vienna and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I
6944:
6103:, Austro-Hungarian occupied 1878 until withdrawal in 1908 whilst formally part of the
4749:, resulting in 50,000 deaths a year. The Istro-Romanians of Istria were also poor, as
4377:
3770:
and declared that their ultimate intention was to unite with Serbia and Montenegro in
3444:
of Germany and Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary. This act promised the creation of the
18355:
18350:
18246:
18133:
17849:
17766:
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17541:
17504:
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16772:
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16131:
16116:
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15798:
15659:
15587:
15577:
15517:
15441:
15286:
15182:
15118:
15113:
15042:
14939:
14654:
14582:
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14348:
14331:
14326:
14321:
14121:
14072:
13708:
13651:
12630:
12573:
12540:
12525:
12515:
12376:
12293:
12087:
12067:
11848:
11809:
11771:
11572:
11511:
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11490:
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11411:
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11012:
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10826:
10789:
10776:
10700:
10677:
10650:
10619:
10597:
10540:
10521:
10485:
10484:(in German) (11th ed.). Vienna: Manzsche Verlags- und Universitätsbuchhandlung.
10458:
10401:
10372:
10336:
10204:
10019:
9984:
9777:
9760:
9739:
9692:
9668:
9528:
9445:
9403:
9264:
9174:
8976:
8951:
8879:
8749:
8708:
8555:
8523:
8485:
8452:
8362:
8207:
8178:
8078:
8047:
8007:
7922:
7894:
7862:
7837:
7812:
7787:
7721:
7662:
7605:
7427:
7402:
7361:
7322:
7255:
7226:
7201:
6998:
6926:
6906:
6768:
6734:
6713:
6577:
6537:
6299:"Austro-Hungarian Empire k.u.k. Monarchy dual-monarchic Habsburg Emperors of Austria"
6144:
5887:
5732:
5720:
5708:
5700:
5642:
5592:
5468:
5452:
5359:
5318:
5304:
4701:
4511:
4307:
4288:
4135:
designated Polish instead of German in 1869 as the customary language of government.
4093:
3917:
3795:
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3566:, a few kilometres away from the border. At this point, several months of indecisive
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296:
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István Tisza: The Liberal Vision and Conservative Statecraft of a Magyar Nationalist
11607:
11546:
9943:"Budapest's Electric Underground Railway Is Still Running After More Than 120 Years"
9573:
9435:
8126:
7977:"French forces occupy Corfu — History.com This Day in History — 1/11/1916"
7735:
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At the same time, Hungarian dominance faced challenges from the local majorities of
4032:"), each of the races receives the necessary means of education in its own language.
3593:
river. Italy, although suffering massive casualties, recovered from the blow, and a
1077:. Austria-Hungary constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the
548:
30:
For the relations of the modern-day sovereign countries of Austria and Hungary, see
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11004:
10998:
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The 28 June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in the Bosnian capital,
3053:
3010:
2643:
2309:
1949:
1726:
1673:
1201:
1140:
Bosnia and Herzegovina came under Austro-Hungarian joint military and civilian rule
1027:
725:
355:
347:
343:
335:
331:
175:
150:
13881:
13861:
13672:
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Studii și Cercetări – Actele Simpozionului "Banat – Istorie și Multiculturalitate"
6804:. Vol. 3 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 116–141.
6072:
5391:
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river, hoping to seize Ljubljana, and to eventually threaten Vienna. However, the
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Folly and malice: the Habsburg empire, the Balkans and the start of World War One
11631:
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9173:(Volume 18 of Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Studies). Routledge, 7 July 2016.
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after the fourth grade, the pupils could express themselves fluently in Hungarian
4089:
3898:
3890:
3742:
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army's composition of multiple ethnicities with different languages and customs.
3585:
On 24 October 1917, Austrians (now enjoying decisive German support) attacked at
3449:
3163:
3147:
2914:, who was the foreign minister from 1866 to 1871, hated the Prussian chancellor,
2903:
2863:
2713:
2404:
2289:
2119:
1764:
1731:
1507:
1502:
Following a decision of Franz Joseph I in 1868, the realm bore the official name
1374:) was the label for institutions common to both parts of the monarchy, e.g., the
1330:
1224:
1123:
1074:
880:
639:
609:
389:
339:
319:
286:
56:
14775:
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13112:
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10438:, p. 63, "Through the occupation Austria-Hungary became a colonial power.".
8856:
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as a common holding of Cisleithania and Transleithania under the control of the
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13811:
13587:
13436:
13273:
13097:
12607:
12303:
12276:
12159:
11957:
11867:
Sked, Alan. "Explaining the Habsburg Empire, 1830–90." in Pamela Pilbeam, ed.,
11778:
Körner, Axel. "Beyond Nation States: New Perspectives on the Habsburg Empire."
11408:
The economic policy of Austria-Hungary during the war in its external relations
11184:
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On 15 May 1916, the Austrian Chief of Staff Conrad von Hötzendorf launched the
3527:
3457:
3253:
3249:
3241:
2989:. With help from Romania and Greece, Russia defeated the Ottomans and with the
2907:
2821:
2762:
1987:
1471:
1425:
1150:
1143:
1096:
686:
367:
315:
129:
13771:
13232:
11902:
Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde an der österreichischen Mittelschulen
11538:
11265:
10840:
10793:
10673:
9793:
Tramways in Czech Republic: Book: Jan Vinař : Historické krovy (page 351)
9688:
The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present
7887:
The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present
7597:
6902:
6068:
4680:
4358:
In that period, the majority of Jews in Austria–Hungary lived in small towns (
4016:), valid only for the Cisleithanian (Austrian) part of Austria–Hungary, said:
3215:
were opposed. The foreign ministry of Austro-Hungarian Empire sent ambassador
18552:
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9711:
8952:"Vlachs from the Island Krk in the Primary Historical and Literature Sources"
8515:
Hungary and the Habsburgs, 1765–1800: An Experiment in Enlightened Absolutism
6910:
6693:
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6455:
6411:
5748:
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5238:
The most important seaport for the Hungarian part of the monarchy was Fiume (
4998:
4896:
4758:
4685:
4143:
3964:
3932:. It was triggered by disagreement over which language to use for command in
3910:
Bosnia and Herzegovina came under Austro-Hungarian military and civilian rule
3848:
between the Austrian Empire ("Lands Represented in the Imperial Council", or
3828:
3606:; under his command, the Italians retook the initiative and won the decisive
3590:
3530:
3437:
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3274:
2973:
2947:
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1830:
1212:
1111:
1100:
395:
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14805:
14785:
10906:
What Life Was Like: At Empire's End : Austro-Hungarian Empire 1848–1918
10883:
10801:
10508:
10472:
8666:
7739:
7560:
7252:
Scholar, patriot, mentor: historical essays in honor of Dimitrije Djordjević
6702:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 279–286.
3941:. The negotiations in 1917 ended with the dissolution of the Dual Monarchy.
3653:, and part of the population moved to the unoccupied Romanian territory, in
3167:
2887:
Bosnian Muslim resistance during the battle of Sarajevo in 1878 against the
17323:
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11423:
11415:
11008:
10848:
10156:
9994:
9983:. Museum and Galleries of Ljubljana; City Museum of Ljubljana. p. 63.
9735:
History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century
9182:
9115:
7531:
6820:
Hungary's Long Nineteenth Century: Constitutional and Democratic Traditions
6748:
6731:
Die Doppelmonarchie Österreich-Ungarn. Ein politisches Lesebuch (1867–1918)
6228:
6205:
6094:
6093:
between present borders with Croatia (SW) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (NW),
6004:
5901:
5795:
5686:
5419:
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5156:
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1600:
1429:
1318:
1119:
251:
222:
197:
11318:
10928:
10760:
9069:
6666:
Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States
6338:. New England Publishing Company (Boston), 1888. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
6020:
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14008:
14003:
13826:
13266:
13162:
10501:
From Sadowa to Sarajevo: the foreign policy of Austria-Hungary, 1866–1914
9545:
8835:
Asociația Transilvană Pentru Literatura Română și Cultura Poporului Român
8781:"Charles University | Czech Republic, 14th Century, Faculty | Britannica"
7779:
6464:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 2–39.
6220:
6090:
5875:
5839:
5661:, and adopted the Swiss currency instead of the Austrian. In April 1919,
5658:
5622:
5575:
5265:
5022:
4750:
4120:
could not be substituted for German as the language of higher education.
4109:
4038:
3985:
3871:
3505:
3473:
3173:
3119:
1216:
1154:
699:
644:
181:
13306:
11805:
10768:
6793:
6508:"Martin Mutschlechner: The Dual Monarchy: two states in a single empire"
6296:
5372:
4952:
Bohemia: Prague (1891); Teplice (1895); Liberec (1897); Ústí nad Labem,
4899:: A set of four electric commuter rai lines were built in Budapest, the
4131:; they replaced German with Slovene as their primary official language.
3870:
in German) formed for the few matters of common national security - the
2733:
18261:
17110:
17048:
16967:
16207:
16172:
15015:
14832:
14706:
14666:
14599:
13719:
13662:
11357:
11054:
Twilight of the Habsburgs: The Life and Times of Emperor Francis Joseph
9715:
9603:"125 godina telefonije u Hrvatskoj (125 years of Telephony in Croatia)"
8229:"Review of Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans during World War I"
6918:
6496:(in Hungarian). Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 1912. p. 17.
6082:
5946:
5804:
5752:
5662:
5313:
5176:
5014:
4908:
4434: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4381:
3972:
3882:
3845:
3073:
In performance of this promise a constitution was promulgated in 1910.
3002:
2981:
2934:
1878–1914: Congress of Berlin, Balkan instability and the Bosnia Crisis
1668:
1646:
1313:), but none of these became widespread either in Hungary or elsewhere.
1134:, an autonomous region under the Hungarian crown, which negotiated the
1115:
11710:
11672:(1915) English translations of official documents to justify the war.
11553:
Kronenbitter, Günther. "Pre-war Military Planning (Austria–Hungary)."
10518:
Bosnien-Herzegowina in der österreichisch-ungarischen Epoche 1878–1918
6449:
6100:
6016:
4904:
4072:
3034:
17469:
17459:
17028:
16335:
16222:
15854:
15572:
14905:
14676:
14560:
14530:
14311:
14185:
13976:
10580:
10275:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 3.
9916:
9525:
Industrielle Revolution in Deutschland. Regionen als Wachstumsmotoren
8315:
6410:
refers to as "Ruthenian"; and Yiddish was the common language of the
6224:
6030:
5960:
5828:
5410:
lost roughly 72% of the pre-war territory of the Kingdom of Hungary.
5280:
5220:
5097:
5038:
4991:
4939:
4801:
4725:
4218:
4186:
4128:
3650:
3632:
On 27 August 1916, Romania declared war against Austria–Hungary. The
1840:
1654:
9399:
God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume II: 1795 to the Present
7122:
7011:
6991:
The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe
6633:"Hungary - Dual Monarchy, Austro-Hungarian Empire, WWI | Britannica"
6398:
s "Rumäni or Wallachian" refers to what is today known as Romanian;
5447:
5113:
The start of construction of the underground in Budapest (1894–1896)
5066:
4778:, but Hungary had a better position in the modern industries of the
4532:
4409:
4050:
3993:
3558:"): the Austrians broke through the opposing front and occupied the
3203:
Some members of the government, such as Minister of Foreign Affairs
17706:
17646:
17606:
17489:
17479:
17298:
16797:
16069:
15485:
15468:
15390:
14306:
14089:
14047:
13986:
12369:
12128:
11979:
11763:
11692:
11569:
The First World War and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914–1918
11349:
8972:
A People Apart: A Political History of the Jews in Europe 1789–1939
8170:
6086:
6034:
5986:
5956:
5940:
5913:
5835:
5824:
5062:
5058:
5018:
4841:
A stentor reading the day's news in the Telefonhírmondó of Budapest
4762:
4324:
4274:
4202:
4124:
4105:
3642:
3360:
3155:
2957:
2827:
In the 1860s, the Empire faced two severe defeats: its loss in the
1650:
1618:
1608:
257:
9256:
7134:
7084:
6076:
4953:
4347:
or implement official antisemitic policies. They feared that such
4171:
3196:
17677:
17499:
17454:
17429:
16983:
16692:
16310:
16263:
16202:
16126:
16080:
15463:
15421:
14219:
14148:
14104:
13959:
12001:
11721:(1940), pp. 103–159 summarizes memoirs of major participants
10178:
9720:
The Industrial Revolution in National Context: Europe and the USA
8167:
Culture and Customs of Hungary, Cultures and Customs of the World
6152:, a form of administration adopted by the Austro-Hungarian Empire
6064:
6008:
5966:
5935:
5853:
5431:
5395:
5085:
5026:
4984:
4965:
4957:
4871:
Detailed railway map of Austrian and Hungarian railways from 1911
4360:
4344:
4278:
4226:
4214:
4198:
3646:
3638:
3220:
2883:
2619:
1886:
1604:
1570:
423:
407:
14020:
11247:"Silent War and Bitter Peace: The Revolution of 1918 in Austria"
10988:
The Development of the Economies of Continental Europe 1850–1914
10955:
The Austrian Mind: An Intellectual and Social History, 1848–1938
10813:. Glasgow: Fontana Economic History of Europe. pp. 228–278.
9636:
Telephone History Institute: Telecom History – Issue 1 – Page 14
9574:
Dániel Szabó; Zoltán Fónagy; István Szathmári; Tünde Császtvay.
7786:. (CUP Archive)London: Cambridge University Press. p. 479.
6045:
5070:
4900:
4369:
4296:
3658:
17581:
17494:
16757:
16657:
16300:
16156:
15473:
14052:
13927:
13490:
10858:
Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs: Central Europe c.1683–1867
9576:"Kettős kötődés : Az Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia (1867–1918)"
9464:
Paula Sutter Fichtner: Historical Dictionary of Austria (p. 69)
8875:
O istorie a Românilor din Peninsula Balcanică: secolul XVIII-XX
6939:
6026:
5950:
5808:
5387:
5346:(which after a few other short-lived intermediaries became the
5239:
5152:
5125:
5093:
5089:
5054:
5050:
5034:
4916:
4340:
4222:
4206:
4167:
4162:
4096:
of the Empire, but the Germans had difficulty in accepting the
3534:
3510:
3150:, although some believe it depicts Ferdinand Behr, a bystander.
2099:
1612:
247:
11232:
Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I § Further reading
7395:
Unholy Terror: Bosnia, Al-Qa'ida, and the Rise of Global Jihad
5904:, the coast and the immediate hinterland around the cities of
5151:
In 1900 the engineer C. Wagenführer drew up plans to link the
4889:
4668:
4041:(part of Bohemia), looked to Berlin in the new German Empire.
3916:
with the Great Powers and Austria-Hungary's Balkan neighbors,
1157:, which began with an Austro-Hungarian war declaration on the
16038:
15446:
14686:
13500:
13483:
13476:
13469:
13452:
13442:
9738:(in Hungarian). University of California Press. p. 152.
9291:. Ryeson Polytechnical Institute. p. 216. Archived from
9001:
The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad
6122:
6075:
including the immediate surrounding area west of the city of
6012:
5905:
5188:
5077:
5046:
4980:
4729:
4210:
4194:
3563:
3364:
3166:
killed two and damaged numerous Serb-owned buildings. Writer
3080:
of 1908-09 were the foreign ministers of Austria and Russia,
2799:
Following Hungary's defeat against the Ottoman Empire in the
1658:
1590:
1091:
Hungary terminated the union with Austria on 31 October 1918.
413:
11963:
10693:
Studije iz pravne povijesti Bosne i Hercegovine: 1878 - 1941
10647:
Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria–Hungary at War, 1914–1918
10393:
9832:"Trams and Tramways in Romania – Timișoara, Arad, Bucharest"
8268:
8266:
4174:(while retaining a slight numerical majority in the city of
3711:
3614:
was lost by 31 October 1918 and the armistice was signed at
17464:
16305:
16295:
16285:
16268:
13462:
11996:
10455:
A Diplomatic History of Europe Since the Congress of Vienna
7249:
6556:
Az 1867-iki (i.e. ezernyolcszázhatvanhetediki) kiegyezésről
5132:
5081:
4961:
4946:
4809:
4567:
Literacy in Hungary by counties in 1910 (excluding Croatia)
4175:
2079:
1196:, respectively, and most of the territorial demands of the
13896:
11442:
The First World War: Germany and Austria–Hungary 1914–1918
10539:(in German) (2nd ed.). Vienna: Böhlau Studienbücher.
9019:
9007:
8576:
6427:
Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde, 1911, Tabelle 3.
6387:"Romani" refers to the language of those described by the
3177:
was established and carried out the persecution of Serbs.
1319:
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council
1316:
The realm's full name used in internal administration was
11921:
at the International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
11239:
For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619–1918
10971:
The Dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1867–1918
9595:
8681:
A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change, Routledge
8387:
8332:
8263:
8200:
For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619-1918
7543:
7541:
7164:
4519:
The first university in the Austrian half of the Empire (
4282:
4166:
and became a minority to Czech speakers in the cities of
3429:, and it caused an economic crash in the Russian Empire.
1494:, the only official language in Croatia and Slavonia was
11997:
Oldphoto.info – Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Army
9914:
8004:
Italian foreign policy in the interwar period, 1918–1940
5139:
4527:
in Prague in 1347, the second oldest university was the
4273:. The proposal was very popular among them. The Italian
4237:
and Bosnia and Herzegovina many advocated the idea of a
3802:. Károlyi followed suit on 16 November, proclaiming the
2831:
broke its dominion over a large part of Northern Italy (
1406:
only in 1889 at the request of the Hungarian government.
11874:
Sked, Alan. "Austria–Hungary and the First World War."
11585:
Sked, Alan. "Austria–Hungary and the First World War."
11179:
Usher, Roland G. "Austro-German Relations Since 1866."
10303:"The successor states to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy"
7283:. American Universities Field Staff. 1964. p. 44.
5886:(except its northern corner) and most of the oblast of
1204:
were also recognized by the victorious powers in 1920.
10666:
Austria–Hungary and the Origins of the First World War
10585:
The Decline and Fall of the Habsburg Empire, 1815–1918
10279:
10243:
10241:
9684:
9286:"Banking in Hungarian Economic Development, 1867–1919"
8634:
7919:
With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918
7881:
7538:
6733:, Presses Univ. Septentrion, 2002, Villeneuve d'Ascq,
4587:
Literacy in Kingdom of Hungary, incl. male and female
4088:) by German intellectuals and had always been granted
3682:
action, and 700,000 soldiers were wounded in the war.
3574:). As the Russian Empire collapsed as a result of the
1271:
Kaiserliche und königliche Monarchie Österreich-Ungarn
10075:"Unione Austriaca (Austro-Americana) / Cosulich Line"
8251:
6325:
The Essentials of Geography for School Year 1888–1889
5777:
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Austro-Hungarian condominium)
5358:(between the victors of World War I and Austria) and
5279:, which were separate national institutions, and the
4684:
Black Friday, 9 May 1873, Vienna Stock Exchange. The
2985:
the conflict between the two powers escalated into a
11976:
and the collapse of Austria–Hungary at omniatlas.com
11956: (archived 12 January 2008) – extensive list of
10786:
Francis Joseph: emperor of Austria — King of Hungary
10387:
8584:"Slovakia – Hungary Relations in the European Union"
7243:
6276:
Bosnia-Herzegovina is excluded from these estimates.
5555:, subsequently briefly restored and replaced by the
12487:
10915:(Cambridge University Press, 1987, pp. 72–150.
10296:
10294:
10238:
9472:
9470:
9370:
8878:(in Romanian). Bucharest: Biblioteca Bucureștilor.
8289:"Hungarian foreign ministers from 1848 to our days"
6660:
6658:
6421:
4080:
Italian was regarded as an old "culture language" (
3951:
Ethnic and religious composition of Austria-Hungary
3517:. Italy's victory marked the end of the war on the
2956:Recruits from Bosnia-Herzegovina, including Muslim
2878:
12037:
11930:Microsoft Encarta: The height of the dual monarchy
11507:Disjoined partners: Austria and Germany since 1815
11174:Eastern Europe: An Historical Geography: 1815–1945
10811:The Emergence of Industrial Societies vol 4 part 1
10596:
10555:
9569:
9567:
8949:
8814:Stvaranje-Države-SHS, Creation of the state of SHS
8164:
7675:
7310:
7214:
5162:
5009:Electric tramway lines in the Kingdom of Hungary:
4753:lost strength and agriculture was not productive.
3912:until it was fully annexed in 1908, provoking the
3893:(commonly known as the National Assembly) and the
2070:The Carpathian Basin before the Hungarian conquest
1142:until it was fully annexed in 1908, provoking the
13142:
11744:Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writers
10203:
10018:
8046:. Vol. I. Xlibris Corporation. p. 339.
7461:"Primary Documents: Austrian Ultimatum to Serbia"
7250:Djordjević, Dimitrije; Richard B. Spence (1992).
7104:"The Austrian Occupation of Novibazar, 1878–1909"
5451:New hand-drawn borders of Austria–Hungary in the
4558:
3256:, hoping to gain territory from its former ally.
1432:(Austria); "royal" in this label referred to the
18550:
10564:; highly detailed history; emphasis on ethnicity
10394:Tucker, Spencer; Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005).
10291:
9685:Broadberry, Stephen; O'Rourke, Kevin H. (2010).
9467:
9114:Karady, Victor; Nagy, Peter Tabor, eds. (2012).
8927:. Iași: Tipografia Națională. pp. 119–198.
8589:. Suedosteuropa-gesellschaft.com. Archived from
8029:Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War
7491:The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914
6822:. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, the Netherlands.
6655:
6480:(in German). Österreichische Nationalbibliothek.
5621:the short-lived Ruthenian (Ukrainian and Rusyn)
5442:
4832:
4770:between the east and west, besides the existing
4245:, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and emperor and king
4241:monarchy; among the supporters of the idea were
4116:under his arm; this was to demonstrate that the
3371:and fought alongside British and French troops.
3223:, where he inquired about the standpoint of the
1323:Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
1165:by the time the military authorities signed the
13173:Privilegiertes uniformiertes Grazer Bürgerkorps
10452:
10103:. Members.dame.at. 16 June 1908. Archived from
9564:
8693:Beniston, Judith; Vilain, Robert, eds. (2004).
8354:Hungary in World War II: Caught in the Cauldron
7195:
7189:
7140:
7128:
7090:
7017:
4934:Electric tramway lines in the Austrian Empire:
4931:Austria–Hungary was built in Budapest in 1887.
4506:
3521:and secured the dissolution of Austria–Hungary.
1390:(Army). The common army changed its label from
1345:
1122:, the northern and western parts of the former
64:
11566:
11466:The Austro-Hungarian Forces in World War I (2)
10913:Modern Austria: Empire and Republic, 1815–1986
9869:, fifth edition, Wolden Publishing Ltd, 2003,
9731:
8861:(in French). Émile Bouillon. pp. 240–256.
8803:
8742:"Jewish Self-Government in Galicia, 1815–1914"
8692:
7692:
7690:
7553:The First World War and International Politics
7196:Finestone, Jeffrey; Massie, Robert K. (1981).
6549:
6297:Citype – Internet – Portal Betriebsges.m.b.H.
4922:
4808:, today's Bratislava) in December 1847 and in
4281:conditions, and those living in the island of
3227:on 5 July and received a supportive response.
3184:Crowds on the streets in the aftermath of the
3050:annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina in October 1908
2993:tried to create a large pro-Russian Bulgaria.
18614:States and territories disestablished in 1918
17662:
16054:
15406:
13912:
13128:
12820:
12713:
12473:
12023:
11681:Bulletin of the American Geographical Society
11604:Austro-Hungarian Army and the First World War
11405:
11192:The Austro-Hungarian mind: at home and abroad
11144:A Short History of Austria–Hungary and Poland
11056:. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995.
10537:Österreichische und deutsche Rechtsgeschichte
10520:(in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
10066:
9491:
9402:. Oxford University Press. pp. 106–108.
9395:
9257:Robert B. Kaplan; Richard B. Baldauf (2005).
9163:
9141:"The beginnings of the Alma Mater Rudolphina"
7861:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 24.
7579:"The failure of peace by negotiation in 1917"
7526:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. 121–161.
7453:
7386:
7096:
6357:. Vol. III (9th ed.). p. 118.
5005:(1895); Kraków (1901); Tarnów, Cieszyn (1911)
4883:
4761:of the Kingdom of Hungary with the centre of
3989:Ethno-linguistic map of Austria-Hungary, 1910
3109:History of Austria-Hungary during World War I
2780:
2005:
1798:History of Austria-Hungary during World War I
15369:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
11900:
11736:
11147:. Encyclopaedia Britannica Company. p.
9375:. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. p. 80.
9094:
8924:O călătorie prin satele românești din Istria
8739:
8652:
8608:
8548:
8165:Buranbaeva, Oksana; Mladineo, Vanja (2011).
7834:The Serbs Volume 10 of The Peoples of Europe
7784:The New Cambridge Modern History. volume xii
7345:
7302:
7184:European Alliances and Alignments: 1871–1890
6976:European Alliances and Alignments: 1871–1890
6842:
6840:
6838:
6341:
5013:Hungary: Budapest (1887); Pressburg/Pozsony/
4082:
4027:
4021:
3997:
3865:
1498:, and the institutions were "only" Croatian.
1484:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1418:
1410:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1364:
1357:
1334:
1275:Császári és Királyi Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia
1260:
1161:on 28 July 1914. It was already effectively
141:
48:
13703:Maximilian Daublebsky Freiherr von Sterneck
13646:Maximilian Daublebsky Freiherr von Sterneck
12744:
11869:Themes in Modern European History 1830–1890
11795:
11503:
11483:Kann, Robert A.; et al., eds. (1977).
10615:War and Revolution in Yugoslavia: 1941–1945
10558:A History of the Habsburg Empire: 1526–1918
9037:
8565:
8418:
7764:Kann, Robert A.; et al., eds. (1977).
7687:
7524:A Diplomatic History of the First World War
7066:
6860:"The War of 1866 and the Undoing of Vienna"
6599:"Könyvszemle (Book review): Kozári Monika:
3856:("Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen", or
3852:) in the western and northern half and the
3621:
3580:Russians ended their involvement in the war
3460:, with the nominal authority vested in the
3282:with military commanders during World War I
1534:
1474:, the lands of the Hungarian crown. In the
120:
18604:States and territories established in 1867
17669:
17655:
16061:
16047:
15413:
15399:
13919:
13905:
13135:
13121:
12720:
12706:
12480:
12466:
12030:
12016:
11406:Grátz, Gusztáv; Schüller, Richard (1928).
11141:Steed, Henry Wickham; et al. (1914).
10663:
10608:
10567:
10435:
10339:, Morgenblatt. 24 August 1919. p. 2.
10048:"Deutschlandfunk – Essay und Diskurs"
9691:. Cambridge University Press. p. 80.
9138:
9113:
9097:"A magyarországi zsidók a számok tükrében"
9025:
9013:
7809:The Russian Empire: A Multi-ethnic History
7712:. Cambridge University Press. p. 95.
7699:"Austria–Hungary's economy in World War I"
7655:The European Powers in the First World War
7380:
6988:
6781:on 27 March 2019 – via Google Books.
6569:
6290:
5674:Kingdoms and countries of Austria–Hungary
4012:Article 19 of the 1867 "Basic State Act" (
3867:Ministerrat für gemeinsame Angelegenheiten
3494:
3374:
3344:
3146:is usually associated with the capture of
2820:was crushed by the Austrian military with
2787:
2773:
2012:
1998:
187:
174:
132:for 'Indivisibly and inseparably')
18619:1918 disestablishments in Austria-Hungary
11700:
11201:(1980) vol 7 DOI: 10.1163/187633080x00211
11000:The Grand Strategy of the Habsburg Empire
10866:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541621.001.0001
10479:
10355:
10333:"Die amtliche Meldung über den Rücktritt"
10181:. Ddsg-blue-danube.at. 13 November 2006.
9352:
9343:
9334:
9055:From 45,5% to 50,4%. Randolph L. Braham:
8916:
8914:
8740:Wierzbieniec, Wacław (28 December 2021),
8350:
8242:
8124:
8041:
8026:
8006:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 4.
7921:. Harvard University Press. p. 399.
7913:
7573:
7547:
7415:
7392:
7254:. East European Monographs. p. 313.
6835:
5467:New borders of Austria–Hungary after the
5329:of the former Austro–Hungarian monarchy:
4708:. The first Austrian stock exchange (the
4515:Literacy in Austria-Hungary (census 1880)
4494:Learn how and when to remove this message
4108:carrying what he claimed to be the whole
4004:ethnographic map of Austria-Hungary, 1885
3712:1918: Demise, disintegration, dissolution
3308:Archduke Friedrich von Österreich-Teschen
3294:
3259:
3124:Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
3102:
2944:Bosnia and Herzegovina in Austria-Hungary
1512:Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie/Reich
804:621,538 km (239,977 sq mi)
11746:(Rutledge, 1999) 1:60–63, historiography
11719:Recent Revelations of European Diplomacy
11678:
11657:. London: Shepheard–Walwyn. p. 416.
11652:
11454:The Dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy
11308:
11287:
11206:"Who's Who – Emperor Franz Josef I"
10996:
10899:The Economic Rise of the Habsburg Empire
10820:
10285:
10260:
9360:The Economic Rise of the Habsburg Empire
8995:
8975:. Oxford University Press. p. 299.
8898:
7969:
7831:
7806:
7351:
7308:
7280:Reports Service: Southeast Europe series
6857:
6680:
6678:
6443:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6433:
5525:
5462:
5446:
5375:and his communist government during the
5312:
5215:
5203:
5108:
4866:
4836:
4679:
4667:
4562:
4510:
4306:
4287:
4071:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3881:Hungary and Austria maintained separate
3827:
3819:
3715:
3668:
3504:
3487:was the first significant action of the
3384:
3269:
3191:
3179:
3137:
2951:
2882:
1211:
179:
15193:
12282:Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic
11945:Heraldry of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
11396:
11164:The reign of the Emperor Fransis Joseph
11072:
10808:
10171:
10072:
10040:
9283:
8871:
8854:
8825:
8640:
8197:
8001:
7763:
7696:
7633:
7520:Zeman, Z.A.B. (Zbyněk Anthony Bohuslav)
7503:
6888:
6832:Kann (1974); Sked (1989); Taylor (1964)
6760:
6447:
6181:Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1867–1918)
6161:Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I
5479: Border of Austria–Hungary in 1914
4142:in Hungary were obliged to ensure that
4100:as equal to their own. On one occasion
4076:Physical map of Austria-Hungary in 1914
4037:German nationalists, especially in the
3128:Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I
1207:
14:
18551:
16096:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
13524:Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten
12383:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
11985:Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848–1918
11439:
10957:(University of California Press, 1972)
10918:
10908:(Time Life, 2000); heavily illustrated
10783:
10746:
10724:"Analysis: Austria's troubled history"
10644:
10603:(2nd ed.). London: Penguin Books.
10591:
10498:
10457:(Revised ed.). Harper & Row.
10400:(1 ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 1183.
10119:
10054:from the original on 14 September 2011
9838:from the original on 20 September 2013
9434:
9260:Language Planning and Policy in Europe
8920:
8911:
8705:Modern Humanities Research Association
8571:
8511:
8393:
8338:
8283:
8281:
8272:
8257:
8109:
7889:. Cambridge University Press. p.
7859:History of Modern Cremation in Romania
7836:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 235.
7681:
7652:
7170:
6973:
6817:
6127:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
6089:– western part of the Municipality of
5616:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
5413:
4716:) was opened in Budapest in 1864. The
4104:(Anastasius Grün) entered the Diet of
2851:of 1866 led to the dissolution of the
180:Austria-Hungary in 1914 on the eve of
17650:
16326:
16042:
15394:
13900:
13583:FML Josef Wilhelm Freiher von Gallina
13116:
12701:
12461:
12011:
11855:from the original on 22 February 2023
11643:
11448:
11430:
11335:
11244:
11140:
10855:
10690:
10632:from the original on 17 February 2024
10515:
10482:Österreichische Verfassungsgeschichte
10343:from the original on 26 December 2015
10185:from the original on 2 September 2011
10093:
9923:from the original on 28 November 2009
9139:Mühlberger, Kurt (27 February 2015).
8968:
8721:from the original on 14 November 2023
8536:from the original on 19 November 2023
8440:
8375:from the original on 10 November 2023
8313:
8066:
7956:
7941:
7856:
7778:
7518:
7485:
7421:
7220:
6813:
6811:
6685:
6675:
6603:: Modern magyar politikai rendszerek"
6477:Österreichische Statistik, Neue Folge
6430:
6171:Former countries in Europe after 1815
6166:Ethnic composition of Austria–Hungary
5597:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
5437:
5199:
5140:Inland waterways and river regulation
4790:
3693:
3054:Imperial & Royal finance ministry
1259:). The Austrians also used the names
1247:), though in international relations
17676:
15420:
13807:Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria
13508:Moritz Ritter Auffenberg von Komarów
12412:Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia
11964:History of Austro-Hungarian currency
11822:
11749:
11524:
11482:
11463:
10579:
10553:
10534:
10414:from the original on 14 January 2023
10145:
10133:from the original on 7 December 2011
9971:
9263:. Multilingual Matters. p. 56.
9151:from the original on 1 December 2022
9128:from the original on 9 October 2022.
9076:from the original on 14 October 2012
8844:from the original on 9 October 2022.
8328:from the original on 14 August 2024.
8226:
8091:from the original on 27 January 2024
7467:from the original on 30 October 2004
7110:from the original on 19 January 2012
7038:
7036:
7034:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7026:
6989:Wheatcroft, Andrew (28 April 2009).
6846:
5434:, where he died the following year.
5144:The first Danubian steamer company,
4432:adding citations to reliable sources
4403:
4335:are sometimes viewed as a model for
1490:) ("Royal"), since according to the
13857:Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria
13554:Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen
12165:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
11871:(Routledge, 2002) pp. 141–176.
11640:(Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2020).
11623:(Columbia University Press, 1986);
11571:. Wien/Köln/Weimar: Böhlau Verlag.
9665:Die Großindustrie Böhmens 1848–1918
9416:from the original on 3 January 2014
8278:
7422:Kröll, Herbert (28 February 2008).
7356:. Purdue University Press. p.
7287:from the original on 3 October 2023
6791:
6785:
6761:Kotulla, Michael (17 August 2008).
6406:correspond to dialects of what the
6097:(E) and the township of Igalo (NE))
5589:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
5394:, who had been the last commanding
5382:In the summer of 1919, a Habsburg,
5298:
4256:
3768:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
3752:Czechoslovak provisional government
2912:Count Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust
2864:re-established Hungarian parliament
1541:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
1478:, the autonomous institutions used
1230:Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie
1128:Transleithania (Kingdom of Hungary)
1083:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
208:Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
50:Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie
24:
16091:List of current sovereign monarchs
15665:Western European broadleaf forests
13544:Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen
13305:
13297:
13288:
12334:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
11662:
11606:(Cambridge University Press 2021)
11510:. University of California Press.
11311:The Undermining of Austria–Hungary
11302:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1992.tb02392.x
10980:(Harvard University Press, 1951).
10715:
10300:
10261:Headlam, James Wycliffe (1911b). "
10077:. Theshipslist.com. Archived from
9953:from the original on 19 March 2022
9896:from the original on 12 March 2013
9552:from the original on 29 April 2014
9505:from the original on 11 March 2016
9501:(in Croatian). 28 September 2012.
9396:Norman Davies (24 February 2005).
8679:Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries,
8484:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2003.
7313:On Prejudice: A Global Perspective
7054:from the original on 13 March 2012
6808:
6596:
5647:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
5559:, ultimately transformed into the
5262:Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen
3664:
2829:Second Italian War of Independence
1520:Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia/Birodalom
1470:) ("Royal Hungarian") referred to
1184:, whereas the independence of the
123:Indivisibiliter ac inseparabiliter
27:1867–1918 empire in Central Europe
25:
18640:
13767:Archduke Joseph August of Austria
13597:Friedrich Graf von Beck-Rzikowsky
13534:Supreme Commander of the Imperial
11911:
11567:Rauchensteiner, Manfried (2014).
11374:The Fall of the House of Habsburg
11093:Emperor Francis Joseph Of Austria
11045:Oakes, Elizabeth and Eric Roman.
10749:Slavonic and East European Review
10734:from the original on 23 June 2011
10562:. University of California Press.
9527:. Stuttgart, Franz Steiner 2004,
9043:The World Reacts to the Holocaust
8950:Spicijarić Paškvan, Nina (2014).
8931:from the original on 1 March 2021
8791:from the original on 29 June 2024
8622:from the original on 15 June 2013
8520:Central European University Press
8202:. Yale University Press. p.
8137:from the original on 5 March 2023
8125:Shanafelt, Gary W. (April 1999).
7959:Slavonic and East European Review
7023:
6955:from the original on 8 April 2024
6870:from the original on 31 July 2021
6613:from the original on 28 July 2013
6559:. Franklin-Társulat. p. 321.
6361:from the original on 5 March 2023
6301:. Wien-vienna.com. Archived from
6156:Diplomatic history of World War I
5530:Post-WWI borders on an ethnic map
5268:; the special armies, namely the
5146:Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft
4852:
4785:
4539:in 1364, while the third oldest (
3452:, envisioned by its authors as a
3266:Diplomatic history of World War I
3209:Count Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf
2972:" was composed in their honor by
2425:Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen
1428:was the term for institutions of
1223:The realm's official name was in
218:Condominium of Bosnia-Herzegovina
18624:1918 disestablishments in Europe
16609:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
13592:FML Anton Freiherr von Schönfeld
12579:Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
12536:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
12289:West Ukrainian People's Republic
11798:The Afterlife of Austria–Hungary
11212:from the original on 10 May 2009
11194:(East European Monographs, 1989)
11190:Várdy, Steven, and Agnes Várdy.
11066:
11033:from the original on 9 June 2023
10892:Historical Dictionary of Austria
10325:
10313:from the original on 5 June 2023
10248:
10225:
10197:
10012:
9965:
9935:
9908:
9882:
9859:
9850:
9824:
9815:
9806:
9796:
9787:
9770:
9752:
9725:
9705:
9678:
9657:
9648:
9639:
9630:
9621:
9586:
9538:
9517:
9458:
9428:
9389:
9379:
9364:
9319:
9310:
9277:
9250:
9224:
9198:
9132:
9116:"The numerus clausus in Hungary"
9107:
9088:
9062:
9049:
9031:
8989:
8962:
8943:
8892:
8865:
8848:
8819:
8773:
8762:from the original on 4 June 2024
8733:
8686:
8673:
8646:
7657:. Taylor & Francis. p.
7615:from the original on 26 May 2023
7506:Austrian Foreign Policy, 1908–18
7076:. 28 August 2009. Archived from
6686:Jayne, Kingsley Garland (1911).
6643:from the original on 16 May 2024
6514:from the original on 3 June 2023
6448:Headlam, James Wycliffe (1911).
6270:
6186:United States of Greater Austria
5679:
5627:West Ukrainian People's Republic
5584:Polish Soviet Socialist Republic
4859:Imperial Austrian State Railways
4732:, the fifth-largest in Europe.
4408:
4285:were fully assimilated by 1875.
4239:trialist Austro-Hungaro-Croatian
4138:As of June 1907, all public and
3961:United States of Greater Austria
3541:were halted on the river, where
3436:1916 was proclaimed then to the
2879:1866–1878: beyond Lesser Germany
2756:
2048:
1981:
1793:Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
1722:Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg
1569:
1382:(Navy) and, during the war, the
1089:and was dissolved shortly after
1032:
1018:
1004:
990:
976:
962:
948:
930:
916:
902:
873:
155:
91:
18564:Former countries in the Balkans
16086:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
13852:Gottfried Freiherr von Banfield
13516:Alexander Freiherr von Krobatin
12432:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia
12058:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
10986:Milward, Alan, and S. B. Saul.
10978:The Hapsburg Monarchy 1867–1914
10809:Cipolla, Carlo M., ed. (1973).
10453:Albrecht-Carrié, René (1973) .
10445:
8505:
8481:The New Encyclopædia Britannica
8472:
8434:
8399:
8344:
8307:
8220:
8191:
8158:
8149:
8118:
8103:
8060:
8035:
8020:
7995:
7950:
7935:
7907:
7875:
7850:
7825:
7800:
7772:
7757:
7646:
7627:
7567:
7512:
7497:
7479:
7443:
7271:
7176:
7155:
7146:
7074:"Austria-Hungary - MSN Encarta"
6982:
6967:
6933:
6882:
6864:Oxford Public International Law
6851:
6826:
6754:
6723:
6706:
6625:
6601:A dualista rendszer (1867–1918)
6590:
6563:
6543:
6526:
6500:
6484:
6256:
6233:
5595:, both later absorbed into the
5574:, contested by the short-lived
5163:Lower Danube and the Iron Gates
4592:Major nationalities in Hungary
4419:needs additional citations for
3944:
3412:and the great fortress city of
3162:, in which Catholic Croats and
3144:arrest of a suspect in Sarajevo
1504:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy/Realm
1476:Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia
1149:Austria-Hungary was one of the
16068:
15620:Alps conifer and mixed forests
13842:Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel
13724:Adm Karl Kailer von Kaltenfels
13715:Rudolf Graf/Conte Montecuccoli
13658:Rudolf Graf/Conte Montecuccoli
13239:Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops
12338:(Russian Civil War spill over)
12039:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary
11969:Austria–Hungary, Dual Monarchy
11504:Katzenstein, Peter J. (1976).
11456:. University of Chicago Press.
10964:The Habsburg Empire, 1790–1918
10825:. University of Exeter Press.
10664:Williamson, Samuel R. (1991).
9979:. In Županek, Bernarda (ed.).
9915:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
8351:Cornelius, Deborah S. (2011).
8042:Cavallaro, Gaetano V. (2010).
6767:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
6764:Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte
6689:"Bosnia and Herzegovina"
6609:(in Hungarian). p. 1542.
6468:
6373:
6317:
6214:
6198:
5377:Hungarian–Romanian War of 1919
5182:
5104:
4559:Universities in Transleithania
3729:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary
3513:on 3 November 1918, after the
3351:Serbian Campaign (World War I)
3099:and precipitated World War I.
3097:assassinated the Austrian heir
2862:. On 20 March 1867, the newly
13:
1:
18609:1867 establishments in Europe
13564:Hermann Kövess von Kövessháza
13144:Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces
11940:The Austro-Hungarian Military
11925:Habsburg Empire Austrian line
11752:The Journal of Modern History
11732:detailed contemporary account
11376:(Viking, 1963). pp. 449.
11338:The Journal of Modern History
10618:. Stanford University Press.
9605:(in Croatian). Archived from
8314:Giant, Tibor (October 1996).
7979:. History.com. Archived from
7885:; O'Rourke, Kevin H. (2010).
7697:Schulze, Max-Stephan (2005).
7426:. Studienverlag. p. 55.
7354:Serbia's Great War, 1914–1918
6283:
5655:Principality of Liechtenstein
5443:Immediately after World War I
5424:regain the throne in Budapest
5344:Hungarian Democratic Republic
5252:Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces
4964:, Jablonec nad Nisou (1900);
4833:Electronic audio broadcasting
4724:. According to a 2005 study,
3824:Hungarian Parliament building
3816:Government of Austria-Hungary
3809:
3804:Hungarian Democratic Republic
3533:marched his army towards the
3470:Armistice of 11 November 1918
3076:The principal players in the
3065:, made the Emperor's nephew,
2365:Rákóczi's War of Independence
2330:Principality of Upper Hungary
2130:Hungarian invasions of Europe
1492:Croatian–Hungarian Settlement
1136:Croatian–Hungarian Settlement
942:Other territorial successors:
488:Minister-President of Austria
314:German, Hungarian, Croatian,
17737:Principality of Transylvania
16101:List of monarchy referendums
11960:, ministers, and ambassadors
11893:
11225:
11155:Sugar, Peter F. et al. eds.
10821:Cornwall, Mark, ed. (2002).
10499:Bridge, Francis Roy (1972).
9892:. Bkv.hu. 22 November 1918.
9890:"The History of BKV, Part 1"
9667:, München: Oldenbourg 1987,
9371:Max-Stephan Schulze (1996).
9206:"Miskolc and the University"
8903:(in Romanian). Vol. 9.
8901:Dialectele române din Istria
8427: – Compromise of 1867,
8406:The 1918 Karl's proclamation
8291:. Mfa.gov.hu. Archived from
7718:10.1017/CBO9780511497339.002
7710:The Economics of World War I
6054:Austro-Hungarian Condominium
4819:
4795:
4780:Second Industrial Revolution
4728:in 1913 was 105,515 million
4507:Universities in Cisleithania
4399:
4180:Charles University in Prague
4000:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
3832:Austrian Parliament building
3416:and fell in March 1915. The
3314:
3027:League of the Three Emperors
2818:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
2375:Principality of Transylvania
2300:Principality of Transylvania
153:: God preserve, God protect)
144:Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze
7:
18599:Hungary under Habsburg rule
18574:Former monarchies of Europe
17772:Interwar Kingdom of Hungary
15593:Military history of Austria
15583:Allied-administered Austria
13926:
13697:Friedrich Freiherr von Pöck
13691:VAdm Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
13640:Friedrich Freiherr von Pöck
13634:VAdm Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
13616:Arthur Arz von Straußenburg
13602:Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf
13465:Bylandt-Rheydt (der Ältere)
13244:Imperial and Royal Dragoons
13215:Imperial and Royal Infantry
12621:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
12372:and Transylvania to Romania
11668:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.
11489:. East European Quarterly.
11097:New York: Macmillan, 1929.
11080:. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.).
10966:, New York, Macmillan 1969.
10860:. Oxford University Press.
10480:Brauneder, Wilhelm (2009).
10397:Encyclopedia of World War I
10073:Swiggum, Sue (3 May 2008).
9478:"Google Drive – Megtekintő"
8826:Nicoară, Vincențiu (1890).
8816:, Zagreb, 1958, p. 132–133.
8748:, Brill, pp. 283–351,
8075:Kent State University Press
8027:Schindler, John R. (2001).
7393:Schindler, John R. (2007).
7221:Smith, David James (2010).
6978:(2nd ed.). p. 20.
6974:Langer, William L. (1950).
6133:
5631:Ukrainian People's Republic
5566:First Czechoslovak Republic
5408:restored Kingdom of Hungary
5245:
4923:Tramway lines in the cities
4772:economic and monetary union
4235:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
3957:Trialism in Austria-Hungary
3501:Italian Front (World War I)
3381:Eastern Front (World War I)
3186:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
3160:Anti-Serb riots of Sarajevo
2889:Austro-Hungarian occupation
2580:Hungarian People's Republic
2515:Governorate of Subcarpathia
2455:Hungarian People's Republic
2185:Personal union with Croatia
1186:First Czechoslovak Republic
1132:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
10:
18645:
18584:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
13709:Hermann Freiherr von Spaun
13652:Hermann Freiherr von Spaun
13249:Imperial and Royal Hussars
13168:Imperial Austrian Landwehr
12684:Concession zone in Tianjin
12626:Fiume and its surroundings
12427:Hungarian–Czechoslovak War
12193:Republic of German-Austria
12175:Italian Regency of Carnaro
12124:Berthelot-Apáthy Agreement
12083:1920 Carinthian plebiscite
11829:European History Quarterly
11796:Kożuchowski, Adam (2013).
11780:European History Quarterly
11670:Austro-Hungarian red book.
11440:Herweg, Holger H. (2009).
11397:Dedijer, Vladimir (1966).
11381:American Historical Review
11229:
11181:American Historical Review
10919:Judson, Pieter M. (2016).
10784:Bagger, Eugene S. (1927).
10645:Watson, Alexander (2014).
10573:The Army of Francis Joseph
10233:The Army of Francis Joseph
10129:. Aeiou.at. 31 July 2001.
9444:. Routledge. p. 151.
9070:"Hungary – Social Changes"
8872:Zbuchea, Gheorghe (1999).
8002:Burgwyn, H. James (1997).
7832:Cirkovic, Sima M. (2008).
7811:. Routledge. p. 287.
7807:Kappeler, Andreas (2014).
7780:Mowat, C.L. (Charles Loch)
7397:. Zenith Imprint. p.
7309:Gioseffi, Daniela (1993).
6858:Lesaffer, Randall (2021).
6798:. In Baynes, T. S. (ed.).
6123:People's Republic of China
5668:
5302:
5249:
4884:Railways in Transleithania
4856:
4664:Economy of Austria-Hungary
4661:
4657:
4392:as minister of trade, and
4067:Count Kasimir Felix Badeni
3954:
3948:
3813:
3800:Republic of German Austria
3726:
3628:Romania during World War I
3625:
3498:
3402:Supreme National Committee
3378:
3348:
3318:
3298:
3263:
3131:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3061:(1867), and his only son,
2937:
2205:Mongol invasion of Hungary
1816:Republic of German-Austria
1624:Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy
1538:
1529:
1053:, also referred to as the
29:
18594:Modern history of Hungary
18589:Modern history of Austria
18478:
18315:
18234:Universities and colleges
18208:
18199:
18105:
18096:
17982:
17973:
17888:
17879:
17805:
17697:
17688:
17513:
17422:
17136:
16899:
16833:
16645:
16636:
16532:
16514:
16446:
16361:
16319:
16251:
16165:
16109:
16076:
16000:
15918:
15845:
15836:
15779:
15770:
15691:
15682:
15610:
15601:
15432:
15362:
15314:
14831:
14235:
13934:
13747:Archduke Eugen of Austria
13739:
13681:
13624:
13572:
13532:
13423:
13400:
13393:
13368:
13316:
13286:
13254:Imperial and Royal Uhlans
13183:Royal Croatian Home Guard
13150:
13096:
13029:
12921:
12917:
12816:
12740:
12642:
12606:
12496:
12392:
12356:
12259:
12241:Hungarian Soviet Republic
12228:
12185:
12152:
12104:Armistice of Villa Giusti
12096:
12045:
11737:Historiography and memory
11539:10.1017/S0008938900016435
11410:. Yale University Press.
11383:122.4 (2017): 1105–1136.
11266:10.1017/S0067237800020427
11254:Austrian History Yearbook
11159:(1990), pp. 252–294.
10990:(1977) pp. 271–331.
10961:Macartney, Carlile Aylmer
10674:10.1007/978-1-349-21163-0
10575:, Purdue University Press
10516:Džaja, Srećko M. (1994).
10368:The Columbia Encyclopedia
9499:"Telegraph Vienna-Zagreb"
9328:The Publisher, Volume 133
9041:; Rosenzveig, Charles H.
8198:Bassett, Richard (2015).
8110:Torrey, Glenn E. (1998).
7708:; Harrison, Mark (eds.).
7598:10.1017/S0018246X00013935
7352:Mitrović, Andrej (2007).
7198:The last courts of Europe
6903:10.1017/S000893890001476X
6116:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
6114:Other possessions of the
5553:Hungarian Soviet Republic
5371:. Romanian troops ousted
5369:Hungarian Soviet Republic
5260:was under the command of
4595:Rate of literacy in 1910
4243:Archduke Leopold Salvator
3758:signed by members of the
3608:Battle of the Piave river
3599:Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
3570:ensued (analogous to the
3515:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
3234:Herr von Bethmann Hollweg
3082:Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal
3035:Sandžak-Raška / Novibazar
2960:(31%), were drafted into
2570:Second Hungarian Republic
2465:Hungarian Soviet Republic
2415:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
2270:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
1266:
1245:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
1244:
1167:armistice of Villa Giusti
1081:: it was formed with the
852:
825:
815:
808:
800:
795:
791:
778:
761:
748:
735:
722:
709:
696:
683:
670:
657:
653:
632:
606:
580:
575:Two national legislatures
570:
566:
554:
544:• 1867–1871 (first)
542:
538:
530:Prime Minister of Hungary
528:
524:
512:
500:
496:
486:
482:
470:
458:
454:
444:
432:
422:
374:
310:
279:
271:
240:
171:
136:
116:
88:
83:
43:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
41:
32:Austria–Hungary relations
18:Austro hungarian monarchy
18213:Anti-Hungarian sentiment
17893:Administrative divisions
16238:Self-proclaimed monarchy
15615:Administrative divisions
15563:Federal State of Austria
13837:Viktor Dankl von Krasnik
13461:(FZM) Arthur Maximilian
12442:Uprising in West Hungary
12314:Slovak People's Republic
12272:Banat, Bačka and Baranja
12236:First Hungarian Republic
11841:10.1177/0265691410386424
11644:Wawro, Geoffrey (2014).
11613:12 December 2022 at the
11527:Central European History
10890:Fichtner, Paula Sutter.
10856:Evans, R. J. W. (2008).
10691:Zovko, Ljubomir (2007).
10605:; politics and diplomacy
10554:Kann, Robert A. (1974).
10210:The Statesman's Yearbook
10153:"Wörthersee Schifffahrt"
10127:"Österreichischer Lloyd"
10025:The Statesman's Yearbook
9284:Barcsay, Thomas (1991).
9191:27 February 2024 at the
9057:The Politics of Genocide
8899:Popovici, Iosif (1914).
8855:Weigand, Gustav (1892).
8359:Fordham University Press
7653:Tucker, Spencer (1996).
7317:. Anchor Books. p.
7152:Gooch, 1936, pp 366-438.
6891:Central European History
6191:
6140:Aftermath of World War I
6040:Poland (Polish parts of
6029:(autonomous province of
5859:Poland (voivodeships of
5568:, later "Czechoslovakia"
5549:First Hungarian Republic
5418:Austria had passed the "
5131:. The M1 line became an
4863:Hungarian State Railways
4388:as minister of finance,
4380:as Minister of Justice,
4229:(1859–1878) and Serbia.
3777:On 17 October 1918, the
3772:a large South Slav state
3622:Romanian front 1916–1917
3440:jointly by the Emperors
3418:Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive
2610:Third Hungarian Republic
1887:Second Austrian Republic
1836:Federal State of Austria
1535:Formation and background
1366:kaiserlich und königlich
1240:Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia
1169:on 3 November 1918. The
1085:in the aftermath of the
833:Gulden / florin
624:House of Representatives
107:Flags of Austria-Hungary
66:Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia
18121:Hungarian National Bank
17752:Austro-Hungarian Empire
16506:Vatican City (Holy See)
15650:Pannonian mixed forests
15553:First Austrian Republic
13757:Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli
13728:Adm Maximilian Njegovan
13668:Adm Maximilian Njegovan
13588:Franz Freiherr von John
13437:Franz Freiherr von John
12417:Polish–Czechoslovak War
12309:Republic of Heinzenland
12220:First Austrian Republic
11823:Kwan, Jonathan (2011).
11702:2027/mdp.39015004037399
11653:Zametica, John (2017).
11431:Healy, Maureen (2007).
11309:Cornwall, Mark (2000).
11245:Boyer, John W. (2003).
11208:. First World War.com.
11083:Encyclopædia Britannica
11074:Pribram, Alfred Francis
10272:Encyclopædia Britannica
10179:"DDSG Blue Danube GmbH"
9981:Emona: Myth and Reality
9867:Europe Review 2003/2004
9834:. beyondtheforest.com.
9732:Iván T. Berend (2003).
8958:(in Croatian): 345–358.
8921:Burada, Teodor (1896).
8667:10.1163/187633080X00202
8512:Balázs, Éva H. (1997).
8429:Encyclopædia Britannica
8112:Romania and World War I
8067:Lowry, Bullitt (2000).
7942:Healy, Maureen (2007).
7636:East European Quarterly
7504:Pribram, A. F. (1923).
7223:One Morning in Sarajevo
6993:. Basic Books. p.
6949:Encyclopedia Britannica
6801:Encyclopædia Britannica
6699:Encyclopædia Britannica
6461:Encyclopædia Britannica
6451:"Austria-Hungary"
6418:was also known by many.
6381:Encyclopædia Britannica
6354:Encyclopædia Britannica
5867:, southernmost part of
5309:Treaty of Saint Germain
4714:Budapest Stock Exchange
4529:Jagiellonian University
4525:H.R. Emperor Charles IV
4301:Neolog Jewish community
4057:(Turócszentmárton) and
4055:Turčiansky Svätý Martin
3860:) in the eastern half.
3495:Italian front 1915–1918
3485:Battle of Zborov (1917)
3375:Russian front 1914–1917
3345:Serbian front 1914–1916
3205:Count Leopold Berchtold
2659:History of Transylvania
2165:Principality of Hungary
1882:Allied-occupied Austria
1821:First Austrian Republic
1175:First Austrian Republic
1063:constitutional monarchy
1061:, was a multi-national
1055:Austro-Hungarian Empire
766:Treaty of Saint-Germain
439:Constitutional monarchy
280:Official languages
18277:International rankings
18152:Science and technology
18032:Chief of General Staff
17727:Ottoman–Hungarian wars
16788:Islands of Refreshment
16218:Legitimacy (political)
15523:Siege of Vienna (1529)
15503:Margraviate of Austria
13536:and Royal Armed Forces
13497:General der Infanterie
13449:General der Kavallerie
13310:
13302:
13293:
13178:Royal Hungarian Honvéd
13098:Bosnia and Herzegovina
12652:Bosnia and Herzegovina
12569:Margraviate of Moravia
12422:Hungarian–Romanian War
12329:Slovak Soviet Republic
12299:Republic of Tarnobrzeg
12208:Bohemian Forest Region
12114:Hodža-Bartha Agreement
12088:1921 Sopron plebiscite
12078:Paris Peace Conference
11901:
11885:31 August 2018 at the
11782:48.3 (2018): 516–533.
11724:Steed, Henry Wickham.
11009:10.23943/9781400889969
10569:Rothenberg, Gunther E.
10371:. 2012. Archived from
9876:14 August 2024 at the
9523:Kiesewetter, Herbert:
8244:10.14296/RiH/2014/1846
7857:Rotar, Marius (2013).
6818:Laszlo, Péter (2011).
6597:Szávai, Ferenc Tibor.
6536:, p. 295. Peter Lang (
6532:Schulze, Max-Stephan.
6251:
6243:
6150:Corporative federalism
6061:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5871:(Bielsko and Cieszyn))
5846:and small portions of
5572:Second Polish Republic
5531:
5523:
5519:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5460:
5384:Archduke Joseph August
5322:
5227:
5213:
5114:
5037:(1900); Szatmárnémeti/
4872:
4842:
4737:gross national product
4693:
4677:
4568:
4535:by the King of Poland
4516:
4396:as minister of trade.
4333:Christian Social Party
4320:
4304:
4213:in the crown lands of
4156:The Balkans, 1804–1999
4083:
4077:
4034:
4028:
4023:landesübliche Sprachen
4022:
4005:
3998:
3990:
3982:
3902:
3866:
3833:
3825:
3785:, seized power in the
3724:
3678:
3522:
3478:Second Polish Republic
3393:
3321:Hungary in World War I
3295:Theaters of operations
3283:
3260:Wartime foreign policy
3238:
3200:
3199:armoured train in 1914
3189:
3151:
3103:1914–1918: World War I
2977:
2908:Lesser German Solution
2900:Peace of Prague (1866)
2891:
2847:) while defeat in the
1684:Margraviate of Austria
1519:
1511:
1485:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1419:
1411:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1377:
1365:
1358:
1346:
1335:
1310:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1238:
1228:
1220:
1190:Second Polish Republic
142:
121:
65:
49:
18535:48.20750°N 16.36500°E
17722:Late Medieval Kingdom
17717:High Medieval Kingdom
16599:Saint Kitts and Nevis
16188:Criticism of monarchy
16178:Abolition of monarchy
15339:Medieval great powers
13309:
13301:
13292:
13205:Military Intelligence
13158:Austro-Hungarian Army
12324:Republic of Prekmurje
12109:Armistice of Belgrade
11917:Articles relating to
11726:The Hapsburg monarchy
11602:Tunstall, Graydon A.
11390:16 March 2023 at the
11319:10.1057/9780230286351
11230:Further information:
11183:23.3 (1918): 577–595
11134:5 August 2021 at the
10997:Mitchell, A. (2018).
10953:Johnston, William M.
10929:10.4159/9780674969346
10761:10.1353/see.2009.0004
10535:Hoke, Rudolf (1996).
9095:László Sebők (2012).
9072:. Countrystudies.us.
9003:. Norton. p. 60.
8969:Vital, David (1999).
8322:University of Warwick
7200:. Dent. p. 247.
6252:Ausztria–Magyarország
5848:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
5629:(later absorbed into
5529:
5491: Borders in 1920
5485: Borders in 1914
5466:
5450:
5356:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
5354:The 1919 Treaties of
5325:There were two legal
5316:
5293:Austro-Hungarian Navy
5258:Austro-Hungarian Army
5233:Kaiser Franz Joseph I
5219:
5210:Kaiser Franz Joseph I
5207:
5112:
4870:
4840:
4776:Industrial Revolution
4683:
4671:
4566:
4537:Casimir III the Great
4514:
4310:
4291:
4075:
4018:
3996:
3988:
3980:
3930:constitutional crisis
3831:
3823:
3719:
3703:Austrians viewed the
3672:
3508:
3414:Przemyśl was besieged
3388:
3357:Imperial Russian Army
3273:
3264:Further information:
3229:
3195:
3183:
3141:
3134:Causes of World War I
3132:Further information:
2991:Treaty of San Stefano
2966:Austro-Hungarian Army
2955:
2886:
2873:Holy Crown of Hungary
2806:Treaty of Passarowitz
2684:Transylvanian Princes
2535:Revisions of Délvidék
2320:Wesselényi conspiracy
2100:Kingdom of the Gepids
1269:) (in detail German:
1257:Ausztria-Magyarország
1215:
1194:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
1138:in 1868. After 1878,
311:Common languages
18466:World Heritage Sites
18338:Palaces and mansions
17702:Hungarian prehistory
16431:United Arab Emirates
15670:World Heritage Sites
15513:Archduchy of Austria
15349:European colonialism
15334:Ancient great powers
13792:Karol Durski-Trzaska
13752:Franz Rohr von Denta
13732:RAdm Franz von Holub
13720:Grand Adm Anton Haus
13663:Grand Adm Anton Haus
13433:Feldmarschalleutnant
12671:(de facto 1878–1908)
12668:Sanjak of Novi Pazar
12595:County of Vorarlberg
12547:Gorizia and Gradisca
12506:Archduchy of Austria
12407:Polish–Ukrainian War
12267:Republic of Zakopane
12213:German South Moravia
12053:Treaty of Versailles
11789:5 March 2023 at the
11630:5 March 2023 at the
11560:5 March 2023 at the
11464:Jung, Peter (2003).
11399:The Road to Sarajevo
11283:on 11 February 2020.
11157:A History of Hungary
11113:Rudolph, Richard L.
10923:. pp. 264–436.
10697:University of Mostar
10363:"Trianon, Treaty of"
10231:Gunther Rothenburg,
9974:"Sustained Interest"
9972:Žmuc, Irena (2010).
9546:"Telegráf – Lexikon"
9103:on 20 February 2015.
8837:(in Romanian): 3–9.
8810:Budisavljević, Srđan
8441:Roman, Eric (2009).
8411:8 March 2021 at the
8227:Uyar, Mesut (2015).
7745:on 29 September 2018
7555:. pp. 139–148.
7141:Albrecht-Carrié 1973
7129:Albrecht-Carrié 1973
7091:Albrecht-Carrié 1973
7018:Albrecht-Carrié 1973
6945:"History of Austria"
6101:Sandžak-Raška region
5874:Ukraine (oblasts of
5400:Grand Trianon Palace
5192:floods in the area.
4972:(1902); Budějovice,
4928:Horse-drawn tramways
4698:Technological change
4541:University of Vienna
4428:improve this article
4384:as Minister of War,
4148:spheres of influence
3885:, each with its own
3779:Hungarian Parliament
3595:coalition government
3576:Bolshevik Revolution
3489:Czechoslovak Legions
3448:out of territory of
3142:This picture of the
2970:Die Bosniaken kommen
2853:German Confederation
2385:Hungarian Reform Era
2065:Hungarian prehistory
1770:German Confederation
1755:Archduchy of Austria
1420:kaiserlich-königlich
1208:Name and terminology
1177:were treated as its
1110:At its core was the
817:• 1910 estimate
502:• 1867 (first)
18531: /
17627:Trinidad and Tobago
17514:Commonwealth realms
17399:United Baltic Duchy
16542:Antigua and Barbuda
16534:Commonwealth realms
16228:Order of succession
15904:freedom of religion
15491:Ostrogothic Kingdom
15344:Modern great powers
13802:Tadeusz Rozwadowski
13625:Commanders-in-Chief
13610:Blasius von Schemua
13445:Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld
12531:Kingdom of Dalmatia
12170:Free State of Fiume
11990:28 May 2014 at the
11806:10.2307/j.ctt7zw9vt
11596:1 June 2022 at the
11587:Histoire@ Politique
11372:Crankshaw, Edward.
11199:East Central Europe
10921:The Habsburg Empire
10911:Jelavich, Barbara.
10730:. 3 February 2000.
10375:on 28 December 2008
9298:on 17 November 2014
9238:on 19 November 2012
8655:East Central Europe
8618:. Verfassungen.de.
8449:Infobase Publishing
8396:, pp. 542–556.
8341:, pp. 541–542.
8275:, pp. 536–540.
7883:Broadberry, Stephen
7706:Broadberry, Stephen
7493:. pp. 420–430.
7186:pp. 138, 155–6, 163
7173:, pp. 338–339.
7093:, pp. 201–214.
6792:Kay, David (1878).
6570:Eric Roman (2003).
6305:on 23 November 2011
6003:Romania (region of
5996:Ukraine (oblast of
5900:Montenegro (bay of
5893:Romania (county of
5844:province of Belluno
5675:
5580:Tarnobrzeg Republic
5543:Republic of Austria
5414:Habsburg banishment
5364:Republic of Austria
5338:Republic of Austria
5225:Kingdom of Dalmatia
5129:World Heritage Site
5045:(1905); Nagyszeben/
4945:Austrian Littoral:
4588:
4351:could ignite other
4311:Orthodox Jews from
4295:Great Synagogue in
4193:and in the eastern
4129:Laibach (Ljubljana)
4059:Kláštor pod Znievom
3637:Romania (including
3556:punitive expedition
3427:revolutions of 1917
3207:and Army Commander
2924:Franco-Prussian war
2902:which settled the "
2896:Austro-Prussian war
2849:Austro-Prussian War
2810:revolutions of 1848
2525:Second Vienna Award
2110:Ostrogothic Kingdom
1749:Early modern period
1629:Ostrogothic Kingdom
1450:königlich-ungarisch
1378:k.u.k. Kriegsmarine
1105:Bosnian Condominium
1087:Austro-Prussian War
556:• 1918 (last)
514:• 1918 (last)
352:Romani (Carpathian)
18540:48.20750; 16.36500
18416:Hungarian language
18267:Hungarian diaspora
18167:Telecommunications
17792:Revolution of 1956
17747:Revolution of 1848
15814:Telecommunications
15558:Austrian Civil War
15538:Congress of Vienna
15533:March Constitution
15452:Kingdom of Noricum
13311:
13303:
13294:
13188:42nd Inf. Division
12616:Kingdom of Hungary
12521:Duchy of Carinthia
12511:Kingdom of Bohemia
12437:Silesian Uprisings
12251:Kingdom of Hungary
12246:Hungarian Republic
11876:Histoire Politique
11468:. Bloomsbury USA.
11237:Bassett, Richard.
10973:(Routledge, 2014).
10587:. London: Longman.
10000:on 5 November 2013
9919:. whc.unesco.org.
9663:Brousek; Karl M.:
8905:Halle an der Saale
8785:www.britannica.com
8696:The Austrian Lyric
8415:. British Library.
8324:. pp. 81–82.
8234:Reviews in History
7586:Historical Journal
7508:. pp. 68–128.
7487:Clark, Christopher
7143:, p. 259–272.
7080:on 28 August 2009.
6637:www.britannica.com
6391:as "Gypsies"; the
6334:6 May 2023 at the
6176:Hungarian nobility
5922:Kingdom of Hungary
5856:(Dalmatia, Istria)
5763:Kingdom of Hungary
5673:
5561:Kingdom of Hungary
5557:Hungarian Republic
5541:(which became the
5532:
5524:
5509:Kingdom of Hungary
5461:
5438:Territorial legacy
5348:Kingdom of Hungary
5336:(which became the
5323:
5228:
5214:
5200:Shipping and ports
5187:The length of the
5115:
5049:(1905); Nagyvárad/
4983:(Troppau) (1905),
4979:Austrian Silesia:
4956:, Olomouc (1899);
4873:
4843:
4826:telephone exchange
4791:Telecommunications
4768:division of labour
4694:
4678:
4586:
4573:Louis I of Hungary
4569:
4553:University of Lwów
4521:Charles University
4517:
4374:Kingdom of Hungary
4321:
4305:
4221:(today's northern
4114:Slovene literature
4102:Count A. Auersperg
4078:
4006:
3991:
3983:
3854:Kingdom of Hungary
3838:Compromise of 1867
3834:
3826:
3760:Yugoslav Committee
3725:
3694:Analysis of defeat
3679:
3539:Royal Italian Army
3523:
3509:Italian troops in
3456:controlled by the
3423:Brusilov Offensive
3394:
3284:
3201:
3190:
3152:
3086:Alexander Izvolsky
3031:Reinsurance Treaty
3019:defensive alliance
2978:
2940:Congress of Berlin
2892:
2845:Parma and Piacenza
2763:Hungary portal
2664:Hungarian language
2654:History of Hungary
2590:Revolution of 1956
2505:First Vienna Award
2495:Kingdom of Hungary
2475:Hungarian Republic
2395:Revolution of 1848
2340:Kingdom of Hungary
2215:Kingdom of Hungary
2175:Kingdom of Hungary
2140:Hungarian conquest
1988:Austria portal
1864:National Socialism
1737:Duchy of Carinthia
1689:House of Babenberg
1595:Kingdom of Noricum
1372:Imperial and Royal
1262:k. u. k. Monarchie
1251:was used (German:
1221:
1198:Kingdom of Romania
1171:Kingdom of Hungary
1071:Emperor of Austria
752:Hungarian Republic
713:Invasion of Serbia
18579:Habsburg monarchy
18514:
18513:
18474:
18473:
18257:Human trafficking
18195:
18194:
18092:
18091:
18056:Political parties
18002:Foreign relations
17969:
17968:
17875:
17874:
17787:People's Republic
17767:Treaty of Trianon
17644:
17643:
17640:
17639:
17329:Piedmont-Sardinia
17081:Sip Song Chau Tai
16891:Thirteen Colonies
16632:
16631:
16036:
16035:
15996:
15995:
15832:
15831:
15766:
15765:
15758:Political parties
15711:Foreign relations
15678:
15677:
15588:History of Vienna
15518:Habsburg monarchy
15442:Hallstatt culture
15388:
15387:
15310:
15309:
15275:Polish–Lithuanian
14450:Gurjara-Pratihara
13894:
13893:
13890:
13889:
13762:Svetozar Boroević
13673:Adm Miklós Horthy
13425:Ministers for War
13110:
13109:
13092:
13091:
12913:
12912:
12812:
12811:
12728:Elections in the
12695:
12694:
12676:Carpathian passes
12631:Military Frontier
12574:Duchy of Salzburg
12541:Austrian Littoral
12526:Duchy of Carniola
12516:Duchy of Bukovina
12455:
12454:
12447:Battle of Budaörs
12377:Austrian Littoral
12352:
12351:
12294:Komancza Republic
12068:Treaty of Trianon
11878:1 (2014): 16–49.
11815:978-0-822-97917-3
11742:Boyd, Kelly, ed.
11589:1 (2014): 16–49.
11578:978-3-205-79588-9
11517:978-0-520-02945-3
11328:978-1-349-42240-1
11162:Tschuppik, Karl.
11090:Redlich, Joseph.
11078:"Austrian Empire"
11018:978-1-400-88996-9
10938:978-0-674-96934-6
10875:978-0-199-54162-1
10706:978-9-958-92712-6
10683:978-0-333-42081-2
10656:978-0-4650-9488-2
10625:978-0-804-77924-1
10491:978-3-214-14876-8
10407:978-1-851-09420-2
10337:Neue Freie Presse
10205:John Scott-Keltie
10107:on 30 August 2011
10081:on 1 October 2011
10020:John Scott-Keltie
9990:978-9-616-50920-6
9949:. 31 March 2020.
9745:978-0-520-23299-0
9698:978-1-139-48951-5
9673:978-3-486-51871-9
9548:. Kislexikon.hu.
9451:978-1-135-91768-5
9409:978-0-199-25340-1
9270:978-1-853-59811-1
9181:, 9781317118442.
8982:978-0-198-21980-4
8907:. pp. 21–32.
8885:978-9-739-89188-2
8755:978-90-04-50161-4
8491:978-0-852-29961-6
8458:978-0-816-07469-3
8361:. pp. 9–10.
8213:978-0-300-17858-6
8184:978-0-313-38370-0
8169:. Bonn, Germany:
8053:978-1-4010-8426-4
8013:978-0-275-94877-1
7928:978-0-674-06319-8
7900:978-1-139-48951-5
7868:978-1-4438-4542-7
7843:978-1-405-14291-5
7818:978-1-317-56810-0
7793:978-0-521-04551-3
7727:978-0-521-85212-8
7668:978-0-8153-0399-2
7433:978-3-706-54526-6
7408:978-1-616-73964-5
7367:978-1-557-53477-4
7328:978-0-385-46938-8
7261:978-0-880-33217-0
7232:978-0-297-85608-5
7207:978-0-460-04519-3
7106:. Mount HolyOak.
7004:978-0-786-74454-1
6774:978-3-540-48707-4
6383:(1878), although
6244:Österreich-Ungarn
6204:Including 64–66%
6145:Austrian nobility
6063:(the villages of
5790:Empire of Austria
5782:
5781:
5691:Empire of Austria
5643:Komancza Republic
5612:Republic of China
5593:Kingdom of Serbia
5551:which became the
5499:Empire of Austria
5469:Treaty of Trianon
5453:Treaty of Trianon
5319:Treaty of Trianon
5305:Treaty of Trianon
5270:Austrian Landwehr
5029:(1897); Temesvár/
5017:(1895); Szabadka/
4897:commuter railways
4702:industrialization
4655:
4654:
4543:) was founded by
4523:) was founded by
4504:
4503:
4496:
4478:
4443:"Austria-Hungary"
4353:ethnic minorities
4094:official language
4014:Staatsgrundgesetz
3796:Heinrich Lammasch
3756:Corfu Declaration
3721:Karl I of Austria
3446:Kingdom of Poland
3434:Act of 5 November
3410:Battle of Lemberg
3390:Siege of Przemyśl
3337:By summer 1918, "
3301:Theater (warfare)
2999:Benjamin Disraeli
2916:Otto von Bismarck
2898:was ended by the
2797:
2796:
2628:
2627:
2600:Goulash Communism
2553:
2552:
2485:Treaty of Trianon
2348:
2347:
2233:
2232:
2148:
2147:
2022:
2021:
1846:Ostmark (Austria)
1717:Holy Roman Empire
1712:House of Habsburg
1694:Privilegium Minus
1641:Early Middle Ages
1586:Hallstatt culture
1279:Danubian Monarchy
1267:k. u. k. monarchy
1253:Österreich-Ungarn
1159:Kingdom of Serbia
1079:Habsburg monarchy
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
896:Legal successors:
886:
885:
782:Treaty of Trianon
773:10 September 1919
739:Austrian Republic
619:House of Magnates
598:House of Deputies
519:Heinrich Lammasch
472:• 1916–1918
460:• 1867–1916
165:
16:(Redirected from
18636:
18629:Christian states
18546:
18545:
18543:
18542:
18541:
18536:
18532:
18529:
18528:
18527:
18524:
18494:
18487:
18385:
18378:
18371:
18364:
18340:
18333:
18236:
18206:
18205:
18143:
18123:
18103:
18102:
18082:
18068:
17980:
17979:
17945:
17938:
17931:
17903:Cities and towns
17886:
17885:
17732:Habsburg Kingdom
17695:
17694:
17671:
17664:
17657:
17648:
17647:
17568:Irish Free State
17334:Poland–Lithuania
16643:
16642:
16594:Papua New Guinea
16324:
16323:
16063:
16056:
16049:
16040:
16039:
16016:
16009:
15843:
15842:
15777:
15776:
15689:
15688:
15608:
15607:
15508:Duchy of Austria
15415:
15408:
15401:
15392:
15391:
15191:
15190:
14856:Austro-Hungarian
14556:Chagatai Khanate
13921:
13914:
13907:
13898:
13897:
13847:Stjepan Sarkotić
13832:Maximilian Ronge
13797:Gheorghe Flondor
13787:Georg Dragičević
13549:Francis Joseph I
13451:(GdK) Alexander
13410:Francis Joseph I
13398:
13397:
13220:Alpine companies
13137:
13130:
13123:
13114:
13113:
12923:Croatia-Slavonia
12919:
12918:
12818:
12817:
12742:
12741:
12722:
12715:
12708:
12699:
12698:
12688:
12680:
12672:
12664:
12635:
12597:
12563:
12556:
12549:
12488:Subdivisions of
12482:
12475:
12468:
12459:
12458:
12402:Aster Revolution
12393:Post World War I
12375:South Tyrol and
12340:
12339:
12183:
12182:
12153:Successor states
12074:
12073:
12064:
12063:
12032:
12025:
12018:
12009:
12008:
11936:31 October 2009)
11904:
11864:
11862:
11860:
11819:
11775:
11714:
11704:
11658:
11649:
11582:
11550:
11533:(2–3): 120–139.
11521:
11500:
11479:
11457:
11445:
11436:
11427:
11402:
11369:
11332:
11305:
11284:
11282:
11276:. Archived from
11251:
11221:
11219:
11217:
11172:Turnock, David.
11152:
11125:Austrian Studies
11087:
11070:
11069:
11042:
11040:
11038:
10950:
10904:Herman, Arthur.
10887:
10852:
10814:
10805:
10780:
10743:
10741:
10739:
10710:
10687:
10660:
10641:
10639:
10637:
10610:Tomasevich, Jozo
10604:
10602:
10588:
10576:
10563:
10561:
10550:
10531:
10512:
10495:
10476:
10439:
10433:
10427:
10426:
10421:
10419:
10391:
10385:
10384:
10382:
10380:
10359:
10353:
10352:
10350:
10348:
10329:
10323:
10322:
10320:
10318:
10301:Stangl, Andrea.
10298:
10289:
10283:
10277:
10276:
10254:
10252:
10251:
10245:
10236:
10229:
10223:
10222:
10201:
10195:
10194:
10192:
10190:
10175:
10169:
10168:
10166:
10164:
10159:on 28 March 2009
10155:. Archived from
10149:
10143:
10142:
10140:
10138:
10123:
10117:
10116:
10114:
10112:
10097:
10091:
10090:
10088:
10086:
10070:
10064:
10063:
10061:
10059:
10044:
10038:
10037:
10016:
10010:
10009:
10007:
10005:
9999:
9993:. Archived from
9978:
9969:
9963:
9962:
9960:
9958:
9939:
9933:
9932:
9930:
9928:
9912:
9906:
9905:
9903:
9901:
9886:
9880:
9863:
9857:
9854:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9843:
9828:
9822:
9819:
9813:
9810:
9804:
9800:
9794:
9791:
9785:
9774:
9768:
9756:
9750:
9749:
9729:
9723:
9709:
9703:
9702:
9682:
9676:
9661:
9655:
9652:
9646:
9643:
9637:
9634:
9628:
9625:
9619:
9618:
9616:
9614:
9609:on 11 March 2016
9599:
9593:
9590:
9584:
9583:
9582:on 31 July 2013.
9578:. Archived from
9571:
9562:
9561:
9559:
9557:
9542:
9536:
9521:
9515:
9514:
9512:
9510:
9495:
9489:
9488:
9486:
9484:
9474:
9465:
9462:
9456:
9455:
9432:
9426:
9425:
9423:
9421:
9393:
9387:
9383:
9377:
9376:
9368:
9362:
9356:
9350:
9347:
9341:
9338:
9332:
9331:
9323:
9317:
9314:
9308:
9307:
9305:
9303:
9297:
9290:
9281:
9275:
9274:
9254:
9248:
9247:
9245:
9243:
9234:. Archived from
9228:
9222:
9221:
9219:
9217:
9208:. Archived from
9202:
9196:
9167:
9161:
9160:
9158:
9156:
9136:
9130:
9129:
9127:
9120:
9111:
9105:
9104:
9092:
9086:
9085:
9083:
9081:
9066:
9060:
9053:
9047:
9046:
9035:
9029:
9023:
9017:
9011:
9005:
9004:
8997:Zacharia, Fareed
8993:
8987:
8986:
8966:
8960:
8959:
8947:
8941:
8940:
8938:
8936:
8918:
8909:
8908:
8896:
8890:
8889:
8869:
8863:
8862:
8852:
8846:
8845:
8843:
8832:
8823:
8817:
8807:
8801:
8800:
8798:
8796:
8777:
8771:
8770:
8769:
8767:
8737:
8731:
8730:
8728:
8726:
8701:Maney Publishing
8690:
8684:
8677:
8671:
8670:
8650:
8644:
8638:
8632:
8631:
8629:
8627:
8612:
8606:
8605:
8603:
8601:
8596:on 20 March 2012
8595:
8588:
8580:
8574:
8569:
8563:
8552:
8546:
8545:
8543:
8541:
8509:
8503:
8502:
8500:
8498:
8476:
8470:
8469:
8467:
8465:
8438:
8432:
8422:
8416:
8403:
8397:
8391:
8385:
8384:
8382:
8380:
8348:
8342:
8336:
8330:
8329:
8311:
8305:
8304:
8302:
8300:
8285:
8276:
8270:
8261:
8255:
8249:
8248:
8246:
8224:
8218:
8217:
8195:
8189:
8188:
8162:
8156:
8155:See: 1910 census
8153:
8147:
8146:
8144:
8142:
8122:
8116:
8115:
8114:. Histria Books.
8107:
8101:
8100:
8098:
8096:
8064:
8058:
8057:
8039:
8033:
8032:
8024:
8018:
8017:
7999:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7988:
7973:
7967:
7966:
7954:
7948:
7947:
7939:
7933:
7932:
7915:Stevenson, David
7911:
7905:
7904:
7879:
7873:
7872:
7854:
7848:
7847:
7829:
7823:
7822:
7804:
7798:
7797:
7776:
7770:
7769:
7761:
7755:
7754:
7752:
7750:
7744:
7738:. Archived from
7703:
7694:
7685:
7679:
7673:
7672:
7650:
7644:
7643:
7631:
7625:
7624:
7622:
7620:
7614:
7583:
7575:Stevenson, David
7571:
7565:
7564:
7549:Stevenson, David
7545:
7536:
7535:
7516:
7510:
7509:
7501:
7495:
7494:
7483:
7477:
7476:
7474:
7472:
7463:. 24 May 2003 .
7457:
7451:
7447:
7441:
7440:
7419:
7413:
7412:
7390:
7384:
7378:
7372:
7371:
7349:
7343:
7342:
7337:
7335:
7316:
7306:
7300:
7299:
7294:
7292:
7275:
7269:
7268:
7247:
7241:
7240:
7218:
7212:
7211:
7193:
7187:
7180:
7174:
7168:
7162:
7159:
7153:
7150:
7144:
7138:
7132:
7126:
7120:
7119:
7117:
7115:
7100:
7094:
7088:
7082:
7081:
7070:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7059:
7040:
7021:
7015:
7009:
7008:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6971:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6960:
6937:
6931:
6930:
6886:
6880:
6879:
6877:
6875:
6855:
6849:
6844:
6833:
6830:
6824:
6823:
6815:
6806:
6805:
6797:
6789:
6783:
6782:
6777:. Archived from
6758:
6752:
6729:Eva Philippoff:
6727:
6721:
6710:
6704:
6703:
6691:
6682:
6673:
6664:Minahan, James.
6662:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6648:
6629:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6594:
6588:
6587:
6567:
6561:
6560:
6547:
6541:
6530:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6519:
6504:
6498:
6497:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6472:
6466:
6465:
6453:
6445:
6428:
6425:
6419:
6397:
6377:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6345:
6339:
6323:Fisher, Gilman.
6321:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6294:
6277:
6274:
6268:
6260:
6254:
6237:
6231:
6218:
6212:
6202:
5983:corpus separatum
5975:Međimurje county
5803:Austria (except
5773:Croatia-Slavonia
5683:
5676:
5672:
5607:Kingdom of Italy
5516:
5506:
5496:
5490:
5484:
5478:
5327:successor states
5299:Successor states
5169:István Széchenyi
5061:(1911); Újvidék/
4987:(Cieszyn) (1911)
4976:, Jihlava (1909)
4974:České Budějovice
4847:Telefon Hírmondó
4589:
4585:
4577:Mattias Corvinus
4499:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4479:
4477:
4436:
4412:
4404:
4394:József Szterényi
4331:politics of the
4257:Ethnic relations
4118:Slovene language
4098:Slavic languages
4086:
4031:
4025:
4003:
3895:Imperial Council
3869:
3787:Aster Revolution
3673:War memorial in
3468:. Following the
3369:Macedonian front
3011:Greater Bulgaria
2906:" in favor of a
2833:Lombardy, Veneto
2801:Battle of Mohács
2789:
2782:
2775:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2566:
2565:
2361:
2360:
2310:Bocskai uprising
2246:
2245:
2161:
2160:
2096:
2095:
2052:
2042:
2024:
2023:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1930:Military history
1915:Economic history
1876:Post-war Austria
1727:Duchy of Austria
1674:Frankish Kingdom
1573:
1563:
1545:
1544:
1488:
1468:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1434:Crown of Bohemia
1422:
1414:
1404:
1396:
1388:
1380:
1368:
1361:
1349:
1338:
1307:Der Doppel-Adler
1303:The Double Eagle
1295:Doppel-Monarchie
1268:
1264:
1246:
1202:Kingdom of Italy
1036:
1035:
1022:
1021:
1008:
1007:
994:
993:
980:
979:
966:
965:
952:
951:
944:
934:
933:
920:
919:
906:
905:
898:
890:
889:
877:
876:
870:
869:
854:
853:
845:
837:
774:
768:
757:16 November 1918
744:12 November 1918
726:Empire dissolved
584:Imperial Council
428:Austro-Hungarian
402:Eastern Orthodox
301:Croatia-Slavonia
234:
215:
205:
195:
191:
184:
178:
167:
166:
147:
126:
102:
95:
78:
77:
76:
68:
61:
60:
52:
39:
38:
21:
18644:
18643:
18639:
18638:
18637:
18635:
18634:
18633:
18559:Austria-Hungary
18549:
18548:
18539:
18537:
18533:
18530:
18525:
18522:
18520:
18518:
18517:
18515:
18510:
18497:
18490:
18483:
18470:
18381:
18374:
18367:
18360:
18336:
18329:
18311:
18297:Public holidays
18232:
18191:
18141:
18119:
18088:
18080:
18066:
18022:Law enforcement
17965:
17941:
17934:
17927:
17871:
17801:
17782:Second Republic
17684:
17675:
17645:
17636:
17561:princely states
17509:
17445:Kingdom of Fiji
17418:
17164:Austria-Hungary
17132:
16895:
16829:
16628:
16614:Solomon Islands
16528:
16510:
16442:
16357:
16315:
16247:
16193:Democratization
16161:
16105:
16072:
16067:
16037:
16032:
16019:
16012:
16005:
15992:
15983:Public holidays
15978:National anthem
15914:
15855:Austrian people
15828:
15762:
15674:
15597:
15543:Austria-Hungary
15528:Austrian Empire
15481:Germanic tribes
15428:
15419:
15389:
15384:
15373:American Empire
15358:
15354:African empires
15306:
15189:
14881:Central African
14827:
14645:Romano-Germanic
14231:
13965:Middle Assyrian
13938:
13930:
13925:
13895:
13886:
13877:Georg von Trapp
13872:Giovanni Luppis
13782:Günther Burstyn
13735:
13683:
13677:
13626:
13620:
13574:
13568:
13535:
13528:
13486:von Krieghammer
13459:Feldzeugmeister
13441:FML Franz Kuhn
13419:
13389:
13377:Luftfahrtruppen
13364:
13360:Danube Flotilla
13354:Seefliegerkorps
13312:
13304:
13296:
13295:
13284:
13146:
13141:
13111:
13106:
13088:
13025:
12909:
12808:
12736:
12734:Austria-Hungary
12730:Austrian Empire
12726:
12696:
12691:
12686:
12678:
12670:
12654:
12638:
12633:
12602:
12593:
12589:County of Tyrol
12584:Duchy of Styria
12559:
12552:
12545:
12492:
12490:Austria-Hungary
12486:
12456:
12451:
12395:armed conflicts
12394:
12388:
12348:
12337:
12336:
12319:Hutsul Republic
12255:
12224:
12181:
12148:
12139:Clemenceau Note
12092:
12071:
12070:
12061:
12060:
12041:
12036:
11992:Wayback Machine
11954:Wayback Machine
11950:Austria–Hungary
11919:Austria–Hungary
11914:
11909:
11896:
11887:Wayback Machine
11858:
11856:
11816:
11791:Wayback Machine
11739:
11665:
11663:Primary sources
11636:Wank, Solomon.
11632:Wayback Machine
11615:Wayback Machine
11598:Wayback Machine
11579:
11562:Wayback Machine
11518:
11497:
11476:
11392:Wayback Machine
11329:
11280:
11249:
11234:
11228:
11215:
11213:
11204:
11136:Wayback Machine
11127:(2012) 20:5–23
11067:
11036:
11034:
11019:
10976:May, Arthur J.
10969:Mason, John W.
10939:
10876:
10833:
10737:
10735:
10722:
10718:
10716:Further reading
10713:
10707:
10695:(in Croatian).
10684:
10657:
10649:. Basic Books.
10635:
10633:
10626:
10547:
10528:
10492:
10465:
10448:
10443:
10442:
10436:Williamson 1991
10434:
10430:
10417:
10415:
10408:
10392:
10388:
10378:
10376:
10361:
10360:
10356:
10346:
10344:
10331:
10330:
10326:
10316:
10314:
10299:
10292:
10284:
10280:
10263:Austria-Hungary
10249:
10247:
10246:
10239:
10230:
10226:
10202:
10198:
10188:
10186:
10177:
10176:
10172:
10162:
10160:
10151:
10150:
10146:
10136:
10134:
10125:
10124:
10120:
10110:
10108:
10101:"Baron Gautsch"
10099:
10098:
10094:
10084:
10082:
10071:
10067:
10057:
10055:
10046:
10045:
10041:
10017:
10013:
10003:
10001:
9997:
9991:
9976:
9970:
9966:
9956:
9954:
9941:
9940:
9936:
9926:
9924:
9913:
9909:
9899:
9897:
9888:
9887:
9883:
9878:Wayback Machine
9864:
9860:
9855:
9851:
9841:
9839:
9830:
9829:
9825:
9820:
9816:
9811:
9807:
9801:
9797:
9792:
9788:
9775:
9771:
9757:
9753:
9746:
9730:
9726:
9710:
9706:
9699:
9683:
9679:
9662:
9658:
9653:
9649:
9644:
9640:
9635:
9631:
9626:
9622:
9612:
9610:
9601:
9600:
9596:
9591:
9587:
9572:
9565:
9555:
9553:
9544:
9543:
9539:
9522:
9518:
9508:
9506:
9497:
9496:
9492:
9482:
9480:
9476:
9475:
9468:
9463:
9459:
9452:
9436:Berend, Iván T.
9433:
9429:
9419:
9417:
9410:
9394:
9390:
9384:
9380:
9369:
9365:
9357:
9353:
9348:
9344:
9339:
9335:
9324:
9320:
9315:
9311:
9301:
9299:
9295:
9288:
9282:
9278:
9271:
9255:
9251:
9241:
9239:
9230:
9229:
9225:
9215:
9213:
9212:on 1 March 2012
9204:
9203:
9199:
9193:Wayback Machine
9168:
9164:
9154:
9152:
9137:
9133:
9125:
9118:
9112:
9108:
9093:
9089:
9079:
9077:
9068:
9067:
9063:
9054:
9050:
9039:Wyman, David S.
9036:
9032:
9026:Rothenberg 1976
9024:
9020:
9014:Rothenberg 1976
9012:
9008:
8994:
8990:
8983:
8967:
8963:
8948:
8944:
8934:
8932:
8919:
8912:
8897:
8893:
8886:
8870:
8866:
8853:
8849:
8841:
8830:
8824:
8820:
8808:
8804:
8794:
8792:
8779:
8778:
8774:
8765:
8763:
8756:
8738:
8734:
8724:
8722:
8715:
8691:
8687:
8683:, 1998, p. 366.
8678:
8674:
8651:
8647:
8639:
8635:
8625:
8623:
8614:
8613:
8609:
8599:
8597:
8593:
8586:
8582:
8581:
8577:
8570:
8566:
8553:
8549:
8539:
8537:
8530:
8522:. p. 320.
8510:
8506:
8496:
8494:
8492:
8478:
8477:
8473:
8463:
8461:
8459:
8451:. p. 401.
8439:
8435:
8423:
8419:
8413:Wayback Machine
8404:
8400:
8392:
8388:
8378:
8376:
8369:
8349:
8345:
8337:
8333:
8312:
8308:
8298:
8296:
8295:on 21 June 2006
8287:
8286:
8279:
8271:
8264:
8256:
8252:
8225:
8221:
8214:
8196:
8192:
8185:
8163:
8159:
8154:
8150:
8140:
8138:
8123:
8119:
8108:
8104:
8094:
8092:
8085:
8077:. p. 112.
8065:
8061:
8054:
8040:
8036:
8025:
8021:
8014:
8000:
7996:
7986:
7984:
7983:on 23 June 2011
7975:
7974:
7970:
7955:
7951:
7940:
7936:
7929:
7912:
7908:
7901:
7880:
7876:
7869:
7855:
7851:
7844:
7830:
7826:
7819:
7805:
7801:
7794:
7777:
7773:
7762:
7758:
7748:
7746:
7742:
7728:
7701:
7695:
7688:
7680:
7676:
7669:
7651:
7647:
7632:
7628:
7618:
7616:
7612:
7581:
7572:
7568:
7546:
7539:
7517:
7513:
7502:
7498:
7484:
7480:
7470:
7468:
7459:
7458:
7454:
7448:
7444:
7434:
7420:
7416:
7409:
7391:
7387:
7381:Tomasevich 2001
7379:
7375:
7368:
7350:
7346:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7307:
7303:
7290:
7288:
7277:
7276:
7272:
7262:
7248:
7244:
7233:
7225:. Hachette UK.
7219:
7215:
7208:
7194:
7190:
7181:
7177:
7169:
7165:
7160:
7156:
7151:
7147:
7139:
7135:
7127:
7123:
7113:
7111:
7102:
7101:
7097:
7089:
7085:
7072:
7071:
7067:
7057:
7055:
7042:
7041:
7024:
7016:
7012:
7005:
6987:
6983:
6972:
6968:
6958:
6956:
6941:Roider, Karl A.
6938:
6934:
6887:
6883:
6873:
6871:
6856:
6852:
6845:
6836:
6831:
6827:
6816:
6809:
6795:"Austria"
6790:
6786:
6775:
6759:
6755:
6728:
6724:
6711:
6707:
6683:
6676:
6663:
6656:
6646:
6644:
6631:
6630:
6626:
6616:
6614:
6607:Magyar Tudomány
6595:
6591:
6584:
6568:
6564:
6548:
6544:
6531:
6527:
6517:
6515:
6506:
6505:
6501:
6490:
6489:
6485:
6474:
6473:
6469:
6446:
6431:
6426:
6422:
6395:
6378:
6374:
6364:
6362:
6349:"Austria-Races"
6347:
6346:
6342:
6336:Wayback Machine
6322:
6318:
6308:
6306:
6295:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6280:
6275:
6271:
6262:The concept of
6261:
6257:
6238:
6234:
6219:
6215:
6203:
6199:
6194:
6136:
5991:Central Croatia
5880:Ivano-Frankivsk
5842:, parts of the
5756:
5684:
5671:
5635:Hutsul Republic
5602:Greater Romania
5522:
5514:
5512:
5504:
5502:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5445:
5440:
5416:
5311:
5303:Main articles:
5301:
5254:
5248:
5202:
5185:
5165:
5142:
5107:
4970:Mariánské Lázně
4925:
4886:
4865:
4857:Main articles:
4855:
4835:
4822:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4742:Hungarian plain
4690:Long Depression
4666:
4660:
4561:
4545:Duke Rudolph IV
4531:established in
4509:
4500:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4437:
4435:
4425:
4413:
4402:
4378:Vilmos Vázsonyi
4349:ethnic violence
4299:, built by the
4267:Istro-Romanians
4259:
4150:. According to
4140:private schools
4061:(Znióváralja).
3975:
3953:
3947:
3891:Diet of Hungary
3844:domains into a
3818:
3812:
3743:Fourteen Points
3731:
3714:
3696:
3667:
3665:Role of Hungary
3630:
3624:
3618:on 3 November.
3612:Vittorio Veneto
3551:Strafexpedition
3503:
3497:
3476:of the nascent
3466:war with Russia
3462:Regency Council
3450:Congress Poland
3383:
3377:
3353:
3347:
3323:
3317:
3303:
3297:
3281:
3268:
3262:
3217:László Szőgyény
3164:Bosnian Muslims
3148:Gavrilo Princip
3136:
3130:
3118:Main articles:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3067:Franz Ferdinand
3023:Triple Alliance
2950:
2938:Main articles:
2936:
2904:German question
2881:
2814:Austrian Empire
2793:
2757:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2679:Hungarian Kings
2638:
2630:
2629:
2614:1989–2012
2604:1956–1989
2584:1949–1989
2574:1946–1949
2563:
2555:
2554:
2549:1941–1945
2519:1939–1945
2499:1920–1946
2479:1919–1920
2459:1918–1919
2449:1918–1941
2445:Interwar period
2439:1914–1918
2429:1867–1918
2419:1867–1918
2405:Hungarian State
2399:1848–1849
2389:1825–1848
2379:1711–1867
2369:1703–1711
2358:
2350:
2349:
2344:1699–1867
2334:1682–1685
2324:1664–1671
2314:1604–1606
2304:1570–1711
2294:1541–1699
2290:Ottoman Hungary
2284:1526–1699
2274:1526–1570
2264:1526–1699
2243:
2235:
2234:
2229:1366–1526
2219:1301–1526
2209:1241–1242
2189:1102–1918
2179:1000–1301
2158:
2150:
2149:
2093:
2085:
2084:
2060:
2040:
2033:
2018:
1982:
1980:
1970:
1969:
1900:
1892:
1891:
1877:
1869:
1868:
1859:
1851:
1850:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1775:Austria-Hungary
1765:Austrian Empire
1760:Habsburg empire
1750:
1742:
1741:
1732:Duchy of Styria
1707:
1699:
1698:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1581:
1561:
1554:
1543:
1537:
1532:
1287:Dunai Monarchia
1249:Austria–Hungary
1210:
1124:Austrian Empire
1075:King of Hungary
1051:Austria-Hungary
1033:
1019:
1005:
991:
977:
963:
949:
940:
931:
917:
903:
894:
881:Austrian Empire
874:
848:
843:
835:
818:
784:
772:
769:
764:
754:
741:
731:31 October 1918
728:
715:
702:
689:
676:
663:
661:1867 Compromise
649:
640:New Imperialism
628:
612:
610:Diet of Hungary
602:
586:
557:
545:
515:
507:F. F. von Beust
503:
477:Karl I & IV
473:
461:
418:
382:
306:
267:
236:
235:
221:
220:
213:
211:
203:
201:
193:
185:
156:
154:
148:
127:
112:
111:
110:
98:
96:
79:
70:
63:
62:
54:
47:
46:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
18642:
18632:
18631:
18626:
18621:
18616:
18611:
18606:
18601:
18596:
18591:
18586:
18581:
18576:
18571:
18569:Former empires
18566:
18561:
18512:
18511:
18509:
18508:
18503:
18496:
18495:
18488:
18480:
18479:
18476:
18475:
18472:
18471:
18469:
18468:
18463:
18458:
18453:
18448:
18443:
18438:
18433:
18428:
18423:
18418:
18413:
18408:
18403:
18398:
18393:
18388:
18387:
18386:
18379:
18372:
18365:
18353:
18348:
18343:
18342:
18341:
18334:
18321:
18319:
18313:
18312:
18310:
18309:
18304:
18299:
18294:
18289:
18284:
18279:
18274:
18269:
18264:
18259:
18254:
18249:
18244:
18239:
18238:
18237:
18225:
18220:
18215:
18209:
18203:
18197:
18196:
18193:
18192:
18190:
18189:
18184:
18179:
18174:
18169:
18164:
18159:
18157:Stock exchange
18154:
18149:
18144:
18136:
18131:
18126:
18125:
18124:
18112:
18106:
18100:
18094:
18093:
18090:
18089:
18087:
18086:
18085:
18084:
18075:Prime Minister
18072:
18071:
18070:
18058:
18053:
18052:
18051:
18041:
18036:
18035:
18034:
18024:
18019:
18014:
18009:
18004:
17999:
17994:
17989:
17983:
17977:
17971:
17970:
17967:
17966:
17964:
17963:
17958:
17956:National parks
17953:
17948:
17947:
17946:
17939:
17932:
17920:
17915:
17913:Extreme points
17910:
17905:
17900:
17895:
17889:
17883:
17877:
17876:
17873:
17872:
17870:
17869:
17864:
17859:
17854:
17853:
17852:
17847:
17842:
17832:
17827:
17822:
17817:
17812:
17806:
17803:
17802:
17800:
17799:
17797:Third Republic
17794:
17789:
17784:
17779:
17774:
17769:
17764:
17762:First Republic
17759:
17754:
17749:
17744:
17739:
17734:
17729:
17724:
17719:
17714:
17709:
17704:
17698:
17692:
17686:
17685:
17674:
17673:
17666:
17659:
17651:
17642:
17641:
17638:
17637:
17635:
17634:
17629:
17624:
17619:
17614:
17609:
17604:
17599:
17594:
17589:
17584:
17579:
17574:
17565:
17549:
17544:
17539:
17534:
17529:
17523:
17517:
17515:
17511:
17510:
17508:
17507:
17502:
17497:
17492:
17487:
17482:
17477:
17472:
17467:
17462:
17457:
17452:
17447:
17442:
17437:
17432:
17426:
17424:
17420:
17419:
17417:
17416:
17411:
17406:
17401:
17396:
17391:
17386:
17381:
17376:
17371:
17366:
17361:
17356:
17351:
17346:
17341:
17336:
17331:
17326:
17321:
17319:Ottoman Empire
17316:
17311:
17306:
17301:
17296:
17291:
17286:
17281:
17279:Kartli-Kakheti
17276:
17271:
17266:
17261:
17256:
17251:
17246:
17241:
17236:
17231:
17226:
17221:
17216:
17211:
17206:
17201:
17196:
17191:
17186:
17181:
17176:
17171:
17166:
17161:
17156:
17151:
17146:
17140:
17138:
17134:
17133:
17131:
17130:
17118:
17113:
17108:
17103:
17098:
17093:
17088:
17083:
17078:
17073:
17068:
17061:
17056:
17051:
17046:
17041:
17036:
17031:
17026:
17021:
17016:
17011:
17006:
17001:
16996:
16991:
16986:
16981:
16976:
16971:
16961:
16954:
16949:
16944:
16939:
16934:
16929:
16924:
16919:
16914:
16909:
16903:
16901:
16897:
16896:
16894:
16893:
16888:
16883:
16878:
16873:
16868:
16863:
16858:
16853:
16848:
16843:
16837:
16835:
16831:
16830:
16828:
16827:
16820:
16815:
16810:
16805:
16800:
16795:
16790:
16785:
16780:
16775:
16770:
16765:
16760:
16755:
16750:
16745:
16740:
16735:
16730:
16725:
16720:
16715:
16710:
16705:
16700:
16695:
16690:
16688:Central Africa
16685:
16680:
16675:
16670:
16665:
16660:
16655:
16649:
16647:
16640:
16634:
16633:
16630:
16629:
16627:
16626:
16624:United Kingdom
16621:
16616:
16611:
16606:
16601:
16596:
16591:
16590:
16589:
16584:
16574:
16569:
16564:
16559:
16554:
16549:
16544:
16538:
16536:
16530:
16529:
16527:
16526:
16520:
16518:
16512:
16511:
16509:
16508:
16503:
16498:
16493:
16488:
16483:
16478:
16473:
16468:
16463:
16458:
16452:
16450:
16444:
16443:
16441:
16440:
16433:
16428:
16423:
16418:
16413:
16408:
16403:
16398:
16393:
16388:
16383:
16378:
16373:
16367:
16365:
16359:
16358:
16356:
16355:
16348:
16343:
16338:
16332:
16330:
16321:
16317:
16316:
16314:
16313:
16308:
16303:
16298:
16293:
16288:
16283:
16281:Prince regnant
16278:
16277:
16276:
16266:
16261:
16255:
16253:
16249:
16248:
16246:
16245:
16240:
16235:
16230:
16225:
16220:
16215:
16210:
16205:
16200:
16198:Decolonization
16195:
16190:
16185:
16180:
16175:
16169:
16167:
16163:
16162:
16160:
16159:
16154:
16152:Personal union
16149:
16144:
16139:
16134:
16129:
16124:
16122:Constitutional
16119:
16113:
16111:
16107:
16106:
16104:
16103:
16098:
16093:
16088:
16083:
16077:
16074:
16073:
16066:
16065:
16058:
16051:
16043:
16034:
16033:
16031:
16030:
16025:
16018:
16017:
16010:
16002:
16001:
15998:
15997:
15994:
15993:
15991:
15990:
15985:
15980:
15975:
15970:
15965:
15960:
15955:
15950:
15940:
15935:
15930:
15924:
15922:
15916:
15915:
15913:
15912:
15907:
15897:
15892:
15887:
15882:
15877:
15872:
15867:
15862:
15857:
15852:
15846:
15840:
15834:
15833:
15830:
15829:
15827:
15826:
15821:
15816:
15811:
15806:
15801:
15796:
15791:
15786:
15780:
15774:
15768:
15767:
15764:
15763:
15761:
15760:
15755:
15750:
15745:
15740:
15735:
15734:
15733:
15723:
15718:
15713:
15708:
15703:
15698:
15696:Climate change
15692:
15686:
15680:
15679:
15676:
15675:
15673:
15672:
15667:
15662:
15657:
15652:
15647:
15642:
15637:
15632:
15627:
15622:
15617:
15611:
15605:
15599:
15598:
15596:
15595:
15590:
15585:
15580:
15575:
15570:
15565:
15560:
15555:
15550:
15548:German Austria
15545:
15540:
15535:
15530:
15525:
15520:
15515:
15510:
15505:
15500:
15499:
15498:
15493:
15488:
15478:
15477:
15476:
15471:
15466:
15456:
15455:
15454:
15444:
15438:
15436:
15430:
15429:
15418:
15417:
15410:
15403:
15395:
15386:
15385:
15383:
15382:
15381:
15380:
15375:
15366:
15364:
15360:
15359:
15357:
15356:
15351:
15346:
15341:
15336:
15331:
15330:
15329:
15318:
15316:
15312:
15311:
15308:
15307:
15305:
15304:
15299:
15294:
15289:
15284:
15283:
15282:
15272:
15267:
15262:
15257:
15252:
15247:
15242:
15237:
15232:
15227:
15226:
15225:
15220:
15210:
15205:
15199:
15197:
15188:
15187:
15186:
15185:
15180:
15175:
15170:
15165:
15155:
15150:
15149:
15148:
15138:
15133:
15132:
15131:
15126:
15121:
15111:
15106:
15105:
15104:
15099:
15089:
15088:
15087:
15082:
15077:
15072:
15067:
15057:
15056:
15055:
15050:
15040:
15035:
15030:
15025:
15024:
15023:
15018:
15013:
15008:
15003:
14993:
14992:
14991:
14986:
14976:
14971:
14970:
14969:
14964:
14954:
14953:
14952:
14947:
14937:
14936:
14935:
14930:
14920:
14915:
14914:
14913:
14908:
14903:
14898:
14893:
14883:
14878:
14877:
14876:
14871:
14863:
14858:
14853:
14848:
14843:
14837:
14835:
14829:
14828:
14826:
14825:
14820:
14815:
14810:
14809:
14808:
14803:
14798:
14793:
14788:
14783:
14778:
14768:
14763:
14762:
14761:
14756:
14751:
14746:
14741:
14736:
14726:
14725:
14724:
14719:
14714:
14709:
14699:
14694:
14689:
14684:
14679:
14674:
14669:
14664:
14659:
14658:
14657:
14652:
14642:
14641:
14640:
14635:
14630:
14625:
14620:
14615:
14602:
14597:
14592:
14587:
14586:
14585:
14580:
14575:
14565:
14564:
14563:
14558:
14553:
14548:
14538:
14533:
14528:
14523:
14518:
14513:
14512:
14511:
14506:
14501:
14496:
14486:
14485:
14484:
14479:
14474:
14469:
14459:
14458:
14457:
14452:
14447:
14437:
14432:
14427:
14422:
14417:
14416:
14415:
14410:
14405:
14395:
14390:
14389:
14388:
14383:
14378:
14373:
14368:
14363:
14353:
14352:
14351:
14346:
14336:
14335:
14334:
14329:
14324:
14319:
14309:
14304:
14303:
14302:
14292:
14291:
14290:
14285:
14277:
14272:
14267:
14262:
14257:
14252:
14247:
14241:
14239:
14237:Post-classical
14233:
14232:
14230:
14229:
14228:
14227:
14217:
14212:
14211:
14210:
14205:
14195:
14194:
14193:
14183:
14182:
14181:
14176:
14171:
14166:
14161:
14156:
14146:
14141:
14136:
14135:
14134:
14129:
14124:
14119:
14109:
14108:
14107:
14102:
14092:
14087:
14086:
14085:
14080:
14075:
14070:
14065:
14055:
14050:
14045:
14044:
14043:
14038:
14036:Middle Kingdom
14033:
14023:
14018:
14017:
14016:
14011:
14006:
13996:
13995:
13994:
13992:Neo-Babylonian
13989:
13984:
13982:Old Babylonian
13974:
13973:
13972:
13967:
13957:
13952:
13946:
13944:
13932:
13931:
13924:
13923:
13916:
13909:
13901:
13892:
13891:
13888:
13887:
13885:
13884:
13879:
13874:
13869:
13867:Franz von Keil
13864:
13859:
13854:
13849:
13844:
13839:
13834:
13829:
13824:
13822:Oskar Potiorek
13819:
13814:
13812:Rudolf Maister
13809:
13804:
13799:
13794:
13789:
13784:
13779:
13774:
13769:
13764:
13759:
13754:
13749:
13743:
13741:
13737:
13736:
13734:
13733:
13730:
13725:
13722:
13717:
13711:
13705:
13699:
13693:
13687:
13685:
13679:
13678:
13676:
13675:
13670:
13665:
13660:
13654:
13648:
13642:
13636:
13630:
13628:
13622:
13621:
13619:
13618:
13612:
13604:
13599:
13593:
13590:
13584:
13580:
13578:
13570:
13569:
13567:
13566:
13561:
13556:
13551:
13546:
13540:
13538:
13530:
13529:
13527:
13526:
13518:
13510:
13504:
13494:
13487:
13480:
13473:
13468:FZM Ferdinand
13466:
13456:
13446:
13439:
13429:
13427:
13421:
13420:
13418:
13417:
13412:
13406:
13404:
13395:
13391:
13390:
13388:
13387:
13386:
13385:
13372:
13370:
13366:
13365:
13363:
13362:
13357:
13350:
13349:
13348:
13343:
13338:
13333:
13320:
13318:
13314:
13313:
13287:
13285:
13283:
13282:
13277:
13274:Grenz infantry
13270:
13263:
13256:
13251:
13246:
13241:
13236:
13229:
13222:
13217:
13212:
13207:
13202:
13197:
13192:
13191:
13190:
13180:
13175:
13170:
13165:
13160:
13154:
13152:
13148:
13147:
13140:
13139:
13132:
13125:
13117:
13108:
13107:
13102:
13100:
13094:
13093:
13090:
13089:
13087:
13086:
13081:
13076:
13071:
13066:
13061:
13056:
13051:
13046:
13041:
13035:
13033:
13027:
13026:
13024:
13023:
13018:
13013:
13008:
13003:
12998:
12993:
12988:
12983:
12978:
12973:
12968:
12963:
12958:
12953:
12948:
12943:
12938:
12933:
12927:
12925:
12915:
12914:
12911:
12910:
12908:
12907:
12902:
12897:
12892:
12887:
12882:
12877:
12872:
12867:
12862:
12857:
12852:
12847:
12842:
12837:
12832:
12826:
12824:
12822:Transleithania
12814:
12813:
12810:
12809:
12807:
12806:
12801:
12796:
12791:
12786:
12781:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12761:
12756:
12750:
12748:
12738:
12737:
12725:
12724:
12717:
12710:
12702:
12693:
12692:
12690:
12689:
12681:
12673:
12665:
12648:
12646:
12640:
12639:
12637:
12636:
12628:
12623:
12618:
12612:
12610:
12608:Transleithania
12604:
12603:
12601:
12600:
12599:
12598:
12586:
12581:
12576:
12571:
12566:
12565:
12564:
12557:
12550:
12538:
12533:
12528:
12523:
12518:
12513:
12508:
12502:
12500:
12494:
12493:
12485:
12484:
12477:
12470:
12462:
12453:
12452:
12450:
12449:
12444:
12439:
12434:
12429:
12424:
12419:
12414:
12409:
12404:
12398:
12396:
12390:
12389:
12387:
12386:
12380:
12373:
12367:
12360:
12358:
12354:
12353:
12350:
12349:
12347:
12346:
12341:
12331:
12326:
12321:
12316:
12311:
12306:
12304:Lemko Republic
12301:
12296:
12291:
12286:
12285:
12284:
12279:
12277:Banat Republic
12269:
12263:
12261:
12257:
12256:
12254:
12253:
12248:
12243:
12238:
12232:
12230:
12226:
12225:
12223:
12222:
12217:
12216:
12215:
12210:
12205:
12200:
12198:German Bohemia
12189:
12187:
12180:
12179:
12178:
12177:
12167:
12162:
12160:Czechoslovakia
12156:
12154:
12150:
12149:
12147:
12146:
12141:
12136:
12131:
12126:
12121:
12116:
12111:
12106:
12100:
12098:
12094:
12093:
12091:
12090:
12085:
12080:
12075:
12065:
12055:
12049:
12047:
12043:
12042:
12035:
12034:
12027:
12020:
12012:
12006:
12005:
11999:
11994:
11982:
11977:
11971:
11966:
11961:
11958:heads of state
11947:
11942:
11937:
11927:
11922:
11913:
11912:External links
11910:
11908:
11907:
11895:
11892:
11891:
11890:
11889:historiography
11872:
11865:
11820:
11814:
11793:
11776:
11764:10.1086/675880
11758:(2): 336–380.
11747:
11738:
11735:
11734:
11733:
11722:
11715:
11693:10.2307/197930
11676:
11664:
11661:
11660:
11659:
11650:
11641:
11634:
11619:Vermes, Gabor
11617:
11600:
11583:
11577:
11564:
11551:
11522:
11516:
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11495:
11480:
11474:
11461:
11446:
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11428:
11403:
11394:
11377:
11370:
11350:10.1086/600693
11344:(3): 336–344.
11333:
11327:
11306:
11296:(249): 50–64.
11285:
11242:
11227:
11224:
11223:
11222:
11202:
11195:
11188:
11177:
11170:
11160:
11153:
11138:
11121:
11111:
11101:
11088:
11064:
11052:Palmer, Alan.
11050:
11043:
11017:
10994:
10984:
10974:
10967:
10958:
10951:
10937:
10916:
10909:
10902:
10895:
10888:
10874:
10853:
10831:
10818:
10806:
10781:
10755:(4): 629–680.
10744:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10711:
10705:
10688:
10682:
10661:
10655:
10642:
10624:
10606:
10593:Taylor, A.J.P.
10589:
10577:
10565:
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10490:
10477:
10463:
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10440:
10428:
10406:
10386:
10354:
10324:
10307:habsburger.net
10290:
10278:
10267:Chisholm, Hugh
10237:
10224:
10196:
10170:
10144:
10118:
10092:
10065:
10039:
10011:
9989:
9964:
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9907:
9881:
9858:
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9786:
9769:
9751:
9744:
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9638:
9629:
9620:
9594:
9585:
9563:
9537:
9516:
9490:
9466:
9457:
9450:
9427:
9408:
9388:
9378:
9363:
9351:
9342:
9333:
9330:. p. 355.
9318:
9309:
9276:
9269:
9249:
9223:
9197:
9162:
9131:
9121:. p. 42.
9106:
9087:
9061:
9048:
9045:. p. 474.
9030:
9028:, p. 128.
9018:
9016:, p. 118.
9006:
8988:
8981:
8961:
8942:
8910:
8891:
8884:
8864:
8847:
8828:"Transilvania"
8818:
8802:
8772:
8754:
8732:
8713:
8685:
8672:
8661:(2): 288–309.
8645:
8633:
8607:
8575:
8564:
8547:
8528:
8504:
8490:
8471:
8457:
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8398:
8386:
8367:
8343:
8331:
8306:
8277:
8262:
8260:, p. 536.
8250:
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8117:
8102:
8083:
8070:Armistice 1918
8059:
8052:
8034:
8019:
8012:
7994:
7968:
7949:
7934:
7927:
7906:
7899:
7874:
7867:
7849:
7842:
7824:
7817:
7799:
7792:
7771:
7756:
7726:
7686:
7674:
7667:
7645:
7626:
7566:
7537:
7511:
7496:
7478:
7452:
7442:
7432:
7414:
7407:
7385:
7373:
7366:
7344:
7327:
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7270:
7260:
7242:
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7213:
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7175:
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7121:
7095:
7083:
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7022:
7010:
7003:
6981:
6966:
6932:
6881:
6850:
6834:
6825:
6807:
6784:
6773:
6753:
6722:
6705:
6694:Chisholm, Hugh
6674:
6654:
6624:
6589:
6582:
6562:
6551:Gyula Andrássy
6542:
6525:
6499:
6483:
6467:
6456:Chisholm, Hugh
6429:
6420:
6372:
6340:
6316:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6269:
6264:Eastern Europe
6255:
6232:
6213:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
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6158:
6153:
6147:
6142:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6130:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6105:Ottoman Empire
6098:
6095:Adriatic coast
6080:
6050:
6049:
6038:
6024:
6001:
5994:
5964:
5954:
5943:
5938:
5928:Transleithania
5918:
5917:
5898:
5891:
5872:
5857:
5851:
5832:
5822:
5815:Czech Republic
5812:
5780:
5779:
5769:Hungary proper
5759:Transleithania
5670:
5667:
5651:
5650:
5639:Lemko Republic
5619:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5586:
5569:
5563:
5546:
5539:German Austria
5513:
5503:
5493:
5487:
5481:
5475:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5428:Little Entente
5415:
5412:
5406:, France. The
5352:
5351:
5341:
5334:German Austria
5300:
5297:
5250:Main article:
5247:
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5198:
5184:
5181:
5164:
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5119:Budapest Metro
5106:
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5102:
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5074:
5065:(1911); Kassa/
5007:
5006:
4995:
4988:
4977:
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4882:
4877:Western Europe
4854:
4853:Rail transport
4851:
4834:
4831:
4821:
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4794:
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4786:Infrastructure
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4662:Main article:
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4505:
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4416:
4414:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4390:János Harkányi
4386:János Teleszky
4319:, Vienna, 1915
4293:Romantic-style
4271:Diet of Istria
4258:
4255:
3969:Austro-Slavism
3949:Main article:
3946:
3943:
3934:Hungarian army
3914:Bosnian crisis
3887:prime minister
3858:Transleithania
3814:Main article:
3811:
3808:
3783:Mihály Károlyi
3748:Robert Lansing
3739:Woodrow Wilson
3727:Main article:
3713:
3710:
3695:
3692:
3666:
3663:
3626:Main article:
3623:
3620:
3568:trench warfare
3560:Asiago plateau
3528:Chief of Staff
3526:organization.
3499:Main article:
3496:
3493:
3458:Central Powers
3406:Polish Legions
3379:Main article:
3376:
3373:
3349:Main article:
3346:
3343:
3316:
3313:
3296:
3293:
3261:
3258:
3254:Entente powers
3242:July Ultimatum
3225:German Emperor
3188:, 29 June 1914
3115:
3112:
3107:Main article:
3104:
3101:
3078:Bosnian Crisis
2935:
2932:
2880:
2877:
2837:Modena, Reggio
2816:. The ensuing
2795:
2794:
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2784:
2777:
2769:
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2240:
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2227:
2221:
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2211:
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2207:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2169:895–1000
2167:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2134:~800–970
2132:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2120:Avar Khaganate
2116:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2094:
2092:Early medieval
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2075:Roman Pannonia
2072:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1935:Rail transport
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1901:
1898:
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1894:
1893:
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1884:
1878:
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1856:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:Interwar years
1809:
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1804:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1789:
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1548:
1539:Main article:
1536:
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1528:
1500:
1499:
1472:Transleithania
1466:Magyar királyi
1437:
1426:Imperial-Royal
1407:
1351:
1350:
1339:
1299:Dual-Monarchia
1283:Donaumonarchie
1209:
1206:
1151:Central Powers
1144:Bosnian crisis
1114:, which was a
1067:Central Europe
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
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1023:
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958:Czechoslovakia
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946:
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749:
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733:
732:
729:
723:
720:
719:
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710:
707:
706:
703:
697:
694:
693:
692:6 October 1908
690:
687:Bosnian Crisis
684:
681:
680:
679:7 October 1879
677:
671:
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667:
664:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
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636:
634:
633:Historical era
630:
629:
627:
626:
621:
615:
613:
607:
604:
603:
601:
600:
595:
593:House of Lords
589:
587:
581:
578:
577:
572:
568:
567:
564:
563:
561:Mihály Károlyi
558:
555:
552:
551:
549:Gyula Andrássy
546:
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504:
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484:
483:
480:
479:
474:
471:
468:
467:
465:Franz Joseph I
462:
459:
456:
455:
452:
451:
448:
442:
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436:
430:
429:
426:
420:
419:
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398:
392:
385:
383:
376:
372:
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364:Istro-Romanian
358:, and others (
312:
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294:
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283:
281:
277:
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210:, or "Hungary"
202:
200:, or "Austria"
192:
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134:
133:
114:
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104:
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26:
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2:
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18242:Family policy
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18108:
18107:
18104:
18101:
18099:
18095:
18083:
18078:
18077:
18076:
18073:
18069:
18064:
18063:
18062:
18059:
18057:
18054:
18050:
18047:
18046:
18045:
18042:
18040:
18037:
18033:
18030:
18029:
18028:
18025:
18023:
18020:
18018:
18015:
18013:
18010:
18008:
18005:
18003:
18000:
17998:
17995:
17993:
17990:
17988:
17985:
17984:
17981:
17978:
17976:
17972:
17962:
17959:
17957:
17954:
17952:
17949:
17944:
17940:
17937:
17933:
17930:
17926:
17925:
17924:
17921:
17919:
17916:
17914:
17911:
17909:
17906:
17904:
17901:
17899:
17896:
17894:
17891:
17890:
17887:
17884:
17882:
17878:
17868:
17865:
17863:
17860:
17858:
17855:
17851:
17848:
17846:
17843:
17841:
17838:
17837:
17836:
17833:
17831:
17830:Árpád dynasty
17828:
17826:
17823:
17821:
17818:
17816:
17813:
17811:
17808:
17807:
17804:
17798:
17795:
17793:
17790:
17788:
17785:
17783:
17780:
17778:
17775:
17773:
17770:
17768:
17765:
17763:
17760:
17758:
17755:
17753:
17750:
17748:
17745:
17743:
17742:Rákóczi's War
17740:
17738:
17735:
17733:
17730:
17728:
17725:
17723:
17720:
17718:
17715:
17713:
17710:
17708:
17705:
17703:
17700:
17699:
17696:
17693:
17691:
17687:
17683:
17679:
17672:
17667:
17665:
17660:
17658:
17653:
17652:
17649:
17633:
17630:
17628:
17625:
17623:
17620:
17618:
17615:
17613:
17610:
17608:
17605:
17603:
17600:
17598:
17595:
17593:
17590:
17588:
17585:
17583:
17580:
17578:
17575:
17573:
17569:
17566:
17563:
17562:
17557:
17553:
17550:
17548:
17545:
17543:
17540:
17538:
17535:
17533:
17530:
17527:
17524:
17522:
17519:
17518:
17516:
17512:
17506:
17503:
17501:
17498:
17496:
17493:
17491:
17488:
17486:
17483:
17481:
17478:
17476:
17473:
17471:
17468:
17466:
17463:
17461:
17458:
17456:
17453:
17451:
17448:
17446:
17443:
17441:
17440:Easter Island
17438:
17436:
17433:
17431:
17428:
17427:
17425:
17421:
17415:
17412:
17410:
17407:
17405:
17402:
17400:
17397:
17395:
17392:
17390:
17387:
17385:
17382:
17380:
17377:
17375:
17372:
17370:
17367:
17365:
17362:
17360:
17357:
17355:
17352:
17350:
17347:
17345:
17342:
17340:
17337:
17335:
17332:
17330:
17327:
17325:
17322:
17320:
17317:
17315:
17312:
17310:
17307:
17305:
17302:
17300:
17297:
17295:
17292:
17290:
17287:
17285:
17282:
17280:
17277:
17275:
17272:
17270:
17267:
17265:
17262:
17260:
17257:
17255:
17252:
17250:
17247:
17245:
17242:
17240:
17237:
17235:
17232:
17230:
17227:
17225:
17222:
17220:
17217:
17215:
17212:
17210:
17207:
17205:
17202:
17200:
17197:
17195:
17192:
17190:
17187:
17185:
17182:
17180:
17177:
17175:
17172:
17170:
17167:
17165:
17162:
17160:
17157:
17155:
17152:
17150:
17147:
17145:
17142:
17141:
17139:
17135:
17128:
17127:
17122:
17119:
17117:
17114:
17112:
17109:
17107:
17104:
17102:
17099:
17097:
17094:
17092:
17089:
17087:
17084:
17082:
17079:
17077:
17074:
17072:
17069:
17067:
17066:
17062:
17060:
17057:
17055:
17052:
17050:
17047:
17045:
17042:
17040:
17037:
17035:
17032:
17030:
17027:
17025:
17022:
17020:
17017:
17015:
17012:
17010:
17007:
17005:
17002:
17000:
16997:
16995:
16992:
16990:
16987:
16985:
16982:
16980:
16979:Jabal Shammar
16977:
16975:
16972:
16969:
16965:
16962:
16960:
16959:
16955:
16953:
16950:
16948:
16945:
16943:
16940:
16938:
16935:
16933:
16930:
16928:
16925:
16923:
16920:
16918:
16915:
16913:
16910:
16908:
16905:
16904:
16902:
16898:
16892:
16889:
16887:
16884:
16882:
16879:
16877:
16874:
16872:
16869:
16867:
16864:
16862:
16859:
16857:
16854:
16852:
16849:
16847:
16844:
16842:
16839:
16838:
16836:
16832:
16826:
16825:
16821:
16819:
16816:
16814:
16811:
16809:
16806:
16804:
16801:
16799:
16796:
16794:
16791:
16789:
16786:
16784:
16781:
16779:
16776:
16774:
16771:
16769:
16766:
16764:
16761:
16759:
16756:
16754:
16751:
16749:
16746:
16744:
16741:
16739:
16736:
16734:
16731:
16729:
16726:
16724:
16721:
16719:
16716:
16714:
16711:
16709:
16706:
16704:
16701:
16699:
16696:
16694:
16691:
16689:
16686:
16684:
16681:
16679:
16676:
16674:
16671:
16669:
16666:
16664:
16661:
16659:
16656:
16654:
16651:
16650:
16648:
16644:
16641:
16639:
16635:
16625:
16622:
16620:
16617:
16615:
16612:
16610:
16607:
16605:
16602:
16600:
16597:
16595:
16592:
16588:
16585:
16583:
16580:
16579:
16578:
16575:
16573:
16570:
16568:
16565:
16563:
16560:
16558:
16555:
16553:
16550:
16548:
16545:
16543:
16540:
16539:
16537:
16535:
16531:
16525:
16522:
16521:
16519:
16517:
16513:
16507:
16504:
16502:
16499:
16497:
16494:
16492:
16489:
16487:
16484:
16482:
16479:
16477:
16474:
16472:
16471:Liechtenstein
16469:
16467:
16464:
16462:
16459:
16457:
16454:
16453:
16451:
16449:
16445:
16439:
16438:
16434:
16432:
16429:
16427:
16424:
16422:
16419:
16417:
16414:
16412:
16409:
16407:
16404:
16402:
16399:
16397:
16394:
16392:
16389:
16387:
16384:
16382:
16379:
16377:
16374:
16372:
16369:
16368:
16366:
16364:
16360:
16354:
16353:
16349:
16347:
16344:
16342:
16339:
16337:
16334:
16333:
16331:
16329:
16325:
16322:
16318:
16312:
16309:
16307:
16304:
16302:
16299:
16297:
16294:
16292:
16289:
16287:
16284:
16282:
16279:
16275:
16274:Queen regnant
16272:
16271:
16270:
16267:
16265:
16262:
16260:
16257:
16256:
16254:
16250:
16244:
16241:
16239:
16236:
16234:
16233:Republicanism
16231:
16229:
16226:
16224:
16221:
16219:
16216:
16214:
16213:Head of state
16211:
16209:
16206:
16204:
16201:
16199:
16196:
16194:
16191:
16189:
16186:
16184:
16181:
16179:
16176:
16174:
16171:
16170:
16168:
16164:
16158:
16155:
16153:
16150:
16148:
16147:Non-sovereign
16145:
16143:
16140:
16138:
16135:
16133:
16130:
16128:
16125:
16123:
16120:
16118:
16115:
16114:
16112:
16108:
16102:
16099:
16097:
16094:
16092:
16089:
16087:
16084:
16082:
16079:
16078:
16075:
16071:
16064:
16059:
16057:
16052:
16050:
16045:
16044:
16041:
16029:
16026:
16024:
16021:
16020:
16015:
16011:
16008:
16004:
16003:
15999:
15989:
15986:
15984:
15981:
15979:
15976:
15974:
15971:
15969:
15966:
15964:
15961:
15959:
15956:
15954:
15951:
15948:
15944:
15941:
15939:
15936:
15934:
15931:
15929:
15926:
15925:
15923:
15921:
15917:
15911:
15908:
15905:
15901:
15898:
15896:
15893:
15891:
15888:
15886:
15883:
15881:
15878:
15876:
15875:Ethnic groups
15873:
15871:
15868:
15866:
15863:
15861:
15858:
15856:
15853:
15851:
15848:
15847:
15844:
15841:
15839:
15835:
15825:
15822:
15820:
15817:
15815:
15812:
15810:
15807:
15805:
15802:
15800:
15797:
15795:
15792:
15790:
15787:
15785:
15782:
15781:
15778:
15775:
15773:
15769:
15759:
15756:
15754:
15751:
15749:
15746:
15744:
15741:
15739:
15736:
15732:
15729:
15728:
15727:
15724:
15722:
15719:
15717:
15714:
15712:
15709:
15707:
15704:
15702:
15699:
15697:
15694:
15693:
15690:
15687:
15685:
15681:
15671:
15668:
15666:
15663:
15661:
15658:
15656:
15653:
15651:
15648:
15646:
15643:
15641:
15638:
15636:
15633:
15631:
15628:
15626:
15623:
15621:
15618:
15616:
15613:
15612:
15609:
15606:
15604:
15600:
15594:
15591:
15589:
15586:
15584:
15581:
15579:
15576:
15574:
15571:
15569:
15568:Austrofascism
15566:
15564:
15561:
15559:
15556:
15554:
15551:
15549:
15546:
15544:
15541:
15539:
15536:
15534:
15531:
15529:
15526:
15524:
15521:
15519:
15516:
15514:
15511:
15509:
15506:
15504:
15501:
15497:
15494:
15492:
15489:
15487:
15484:
15483:
15482:
15479:
15475:
15472:
15470:
15467:
15465:
15462:
15461:
15460:
15457:
15453:
15450:
15449:
15448:
15445:
15443:
15440:
15439:
15437:
15435:
15431:
15427:
15423:
15416:
15411:
15409:
15404:
15402:
15397:
15396:
15393:
15379:
15378:Soviet empire
15376:
15374:
15371:
15370:
15368:
15367:
15365:
15363:Miscellaneous
15361:
15355:
15352:
15350:
15347:
15345:
15342:
15340:
15337:
15335:
15332:
15328:
15325:
15324:
15323:
15320:
15319:
15317:
15313:
15303:
15300:
15298:
15295:
15293:
15290:
15288:
15285:
15281:
15278:
15277:
15276:
15273:
15271:
15268:
15266:
15263:
15261:
15258:
15256:
15253:
15251:
15248:
15246:
15243:
15241:
15238:
15236:
15233:
15231:
15228:
15224:
15221:
15219:
15216:
15215:
15214:
15211:
15209:
15206:
15204:
15201:
15200:
15198:
15196:
15192:
15184:
15181:
15179:
15176:
15174:
15171:
15169:
15166:
15164:
15161:
15160:
15159:
15156:
15154:
15151:
15147:
15144:
15143:
15142:
15139:
15137:
15134:
15130:
15127:
15125:
15122:
15120:
15117:
15116:
15115:
15112:
15110:
15107:
15103:
15100:
15098:
15095:
15094:
15093:
15090:
15086:
15083:
15081:
15078:
15076:
15073:
15071:
15068:
15066:
15063:
15062:
15061:
15058:
15054:
15051:
15049:
15046:
15045:
15044:
15041:
15039:
15036:
15034:
15031:
15029:
15026:
15022:
15019:
15017:
15014:
15012:
15009:
15007:
15004:
15002:
14999:
14998:
14997:
14994:
14990:
14987:
14985:
14982:
14981:
14980:
14977:
14975:
14972:
14968:
14965:
14963:
14962:German Empire
14960:
14959:
14958:
14955:
14951:
14948:
14946:
14943:
14942:
14941:
14938:
14934:
14931:
14929:
14926:
14925:
14924:
14921:
14919:
14916:
14912:
14909:
14907:
14904:
14902:
14899:
14897:
14894:
14892:
14889:
14888:
14887:
14884:
14882:
14879:
14875:
14872:
14870:
14867:
14866:
14864:
14862:
14859:
14857:
14854:
14852:
14849:
14847:
14844:
14842:
14839:
14838:
14836:
14834:
14830:
14824:
14821:
14819:
14816:
14814:
14811:
14807:
14804:
14802:
14799:
14797:
14794:
14792:
14789:
14787:
14784:
14782:
14779:
14777:
14774:
14773:
14772:
14769:
14767:
14764:
14760:
14757:
14755:
14752:
14750:
14747:
14745:
14742:
14740:
14737:
14735:
14732:
14731:
14730:
14727:
14723:
14720:
14718:
14715:
14713:
14710:
14708:
14705:
14704:
14703:
14702:Turco-Persian
14700:
14698:
14695:
14693:
14690:
14688:
14685:
14683:
14680:
14678:
14675:
14673:
14670:
14668:
14665:
14663:
14660:
14656:
14653:
14651:
14648:
14647:
14646:
14643:
14639:
14636:
14634:
14631:
14629:
14626:
14624:
14621:
14619:
14616:
14614:
14611:
14610:
14609:
14606:
14603:
14601:
14598:
14596:
14593:
14591:
14588:
14584:
14581:
14579:
14576:
14574:
14571:
14570:
14569:
14566:
14562:
14559:
14557:
14554:
14552:
14549:
14547:
14544:
14543:
14542:
14539:
14537:
14534:
14532:
14529:
14527:
14524:
14522:
14519:
14517:
14514:
14510:
14507:
14505:
14502:
14500:
14497:
14495:
14492:
14491:
14490:
14487:
14483:
14480:
14478:
14475:
14473:
14470:
14468:
14465:
14464:
14463:
14460:
14456:
14453:
14451:
14448:
14446:
14443:
14442:
14441:
14438:
14436:
14433:
14431:
14428:
14426:
14423:
14421:
14418:
14414:
14411:
14409:
14406:
14404:
14401:
14400:
14399:
14396:
14394:
14391:
14387:
14384:
14382:
14379:
14377:
14374:
14372:
14369:
14367:
14364:
14362:
14359:
14358:
14357:
14354:
14350:
14347:
14345:
14342:
14341:
14340:
14337:
14333:
14330:
14328:
14325:
14323:
14320:
14318:
14315:
14314:
14313:
14310:
14308:
14305:
14301:
14298:
14297:
14296:
14293:
14289:
14286:
14284:
14281:
14280:
14278:
14276:
14273:
14271:
14268:
14266:
14263:
14261:
14258:
14256:
14253:
14251:
14248:
14246:
14243:
14242:
14240:
14238:
14234:
14226:
14223:
14222:
14221:
14218:
14216:
14213:
14209:
14206:
14204:
14201:
14200:
14199:
14196:
14192:
14189:
14188:
14187:
14184:
14180:
14177:
14175:
14172:
14170:
14167:
14165:
14162:
14160:
14157:
14155:
14152:
14151:
14150:
14147:
14145:
14142:
14140:
14137:
14133:
14130:
14128:
14125:
14123:
14120:
14118:
14115:
14114:
14113:
14110:
14106:
14103:
14101:
14098:
14097:
14096:
14093:
14091:
14088:
14084:
14081:
14079:
14076:
14074:
14071:
14069:
14066:
14064:
14061:
14060:
14059:
14056:
14054:
14051:
14049:
14046:
14042:
14039:
14037:
14034:
14032:
14029:
14028:
14027:
14024:
14022:
14019:
14015:
14012:
14010:
14007:
14005:
14002:
14001:
14000:
13997:
13993:
13990:
13988:
13985:
13983:
13980:
13979:
13978:
13975:
13971:
13968:
13966:
13963:
13962:
13961:
13958:
13956:
13953:
13951:
13948:
13947:
13945:
13942:
13937:
13933:
13929:
13922:
13917:
13915:
13910:
13908:
13903:
13902:
13899:
13883:
13882:Janko Vuković
13880:
13878:
13875:
13873:
13870:
13868:
13865:
13863:
13862:Miklós Horthy
13860:
13858:
13855:
13853:
13850:
13848:
13845:
13843:
13840:
13838:
13835:
13833:
13830:
13828:
13825:
13823:
13820:
13818:
13815:
13813:
13810:
13808:
13805:
13803:
13800:
13798:
13795:
13793:
13790:
13788:
13785:
13783:
13780:
13778:
13777:Josip Jelačić
13775:
13773:
13770:
13768:
13765:
13763:
13760:
13758:
13755:
13753:
13750:
13748:
13745:
13744:
13742:
13738:
13731:
13729:
13726:
13723:
13721:
13718:
13716:
13712:
13710:
13706:
13704:
13700:
13698:
13694:
13692:
13689:
13688:
13686:
13684:Naval Section
13680:
13674:
13671:
13669:
13666:
13664:
13661:
13659:
13655:
13653:
13649:
13647:
13643:
13641:
13637:
13635:
13632:
13631:
13629:
13623:
13617:
13613:
13611:
13608:
13605:
13603:
13600:
13598:
13594:
13591:
13589:
13585:
13582:
13581:
13579:
13577:
13576:General Staff
13573:Chiefs of the
13571:
13565:
13562:
13560:
13557:
13555:
13552:
13550:
13547:
13545:
13542:
13541:
13539:
13537:
13531:
13525:
13522:
13521:Generaloberst
13519:
13517:
13514:
13513:Feldmarschall
13511:
13509:
13505:
13502:
13498:
13495:
13492:
13489:FZM Heinrich
13488:
13485:
13481:
13478:
13474:
13471:
13467:
13464:
13460:
13457:
13454:
13450:
13447:
13444:
13440:
13438:
13434:
13431:
13430:
13428:
13426:
13422:
13416:
13413:
13411:
13408:
13407:
13405:
13403:
13399:
13396:
13392:
13384:
13381:
13380:
13379:
13378:
13374:
13373:
13371:
13367:
13361:
13358:
13356:
13355:
13351:
13347:
13344:
13342:
13339:
13337:
13334:
13332:
13329:
13328:
13327:
13326:
13322:
13321:
13319:
13315:
13308:
13300:
13291:
13281:
13280:Stormtroopers
13278:
13276:
13275:
13271:
13269:
13268:
13264:
13262:
13261:
13260:Standschützen
13257:
13255:
13252:
13250:
13247:
13245:
13242:
13240:
13237:
13235:
13234:
13230:
13228:
13227:
13223:
13221:
13218:
13216:
13213:
13211:
13208:
13206:
13203:
13201:
13200:Rank insignia
13198:
13196:
13193:
13189:
13186:
13185:
13184:
13181:
13179:
13176:
13174:
13171:
13169:
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13138:
13133:
13131:
13126:
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13072:
13070:
13067:
13065:
13062:
13060:
13057:
13055:
13052:
13050:
13047:
13045:
13042:
13040:
13037:
13036:
13034:
13032:
13028:
13022:
13019:
13017:
13014:
13012:
13009:
13007:
13004:
13002:
12999:
12997:
12994:
12992:
12989:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12977:
12974:
12972:
12969:
12967:
12964:
12962:
12959:
12957:
12954:
12952:
12949:
12947:
12944:
12942:
12939:
12937:
12934:
12932:
12929:
12928:
12926:
12924:
12920:
12916:
12906:
12903:
12901:
12898:
12896:
12893:
12891:
12888:
12886:
12883:
12881:
12878:
12876:
12873:
12871:
12868:
12866:
12863:
12861:
12858:
12856:
12853:
12851:
12848:
12846:
12843:
12841:
12838:
12836:
12833:
12831:
12828:
12827:
12825:
12823:
12819:
12815:
12805:
12802:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12780:
12777:
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12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12755:
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12751:
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12747:
12743:
12739:
12735:
12731:
12723:
12718:
12716:
12711:
12709:
12704:
12703:
12700:
12685:
12682:
12677:
12674:
12669:
12666:
12662:
12658:
12653:
12650:
12649:
12647:
12645:
12641:
12632:
12629:
12627:
12624:
12622:
12619:
12617:
12614:
12613:
12611:
12609:
12605:
12596:
12592:
12591:
12590:
12587:
12585:
12582:
12580:
12577:
12575:
12572:
12570:
12567:
12562:
12558:
12555:
12551:
12548:
12544:
12543:
12542:
12539:
12537:
12534:
12532:
12529:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12514:
12512:
12509:
12507:
12504:
12503:
12501:
12499:
12495:
12491:
12483:
12478:
12476:
12471:
12469:
12464:
12463:
12460:
12448:
12445:
12443:
12440:
12438:
12435:
12433:
12430:
12428:
12425:
12423:
12420:
12418:
12415:
12413:
12410:
12408:
12405:
12403:
12400:
12399:
12397:
12391:
12384:
12381:
12378:
12374:
12371:
12368:
12365:
12362:
12361:
12359:
12355:
12345:
12342:
12335:
12332:
12330:
12327:
12325:
12322:
12320:
12317:
12315:
12312:
12310:
12307:
12305:
12302:
12300:
12297:
12295:
12292:
12290:
12287:
12283:
12280:
12278:
12275:
12274:
12273:
12270:
12268:
12265:
12264:
12262:
12258:
12252:
12249:
12247:
12244:
12242:
12239:
12237:
12234:
12233:
12231:
12227:
12221:
12218:
12214:
12211:
12209:
12206:
12204:
12201:
12199:
12196:
12195:
12194:
12191:
12190:
12188:
12184:
12176:
12173:
12172:
12171:
12168:
12166:
12163:
12161:
12158:
12157:
12155:
12151:
12145:
12144:Clerk Mission
12142:
12140:
12137:
12135:
12134:Smuts Mission
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12120:
12117:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12105:
12102:
12101:
12099:
12095:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12072:(for Hungary)
12069:
12066:
12062:(for Austria)
12059:
12056:
12054:
12051:
12050:
12048:
12044:
12040:
12033:
12028:
12026:
12021:
12019:
12014:
12013:
12010:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11989:
11986:
11983:
11981:
11978:
11975:
11974:Map of Europe
11972:
11970:
11967:
11965:
11962:
11959:
11955:
11951:
11948:
11946:
11943:
11941:
11938:
11935:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11923:
11920:
11916:
11915:
11905:
11903:
11898:
11897:
11888:
11884:
11881:
11877:
11873:
11870:
11866:
11854:
11850:
11846:
11842:
11838:
11834:
11830:
11826:
11821:
11817:
11811:
11807:
11803:
11799:
11794:
11792:
11788:
11785:
11781:
11777:
11773:
11769:
11765:
11761:
11757:
11753:
11748:
11745:
11741:
11740:
11731:
11727:
11723:
11720:
11717:Gooch, G. P.
11716:
11712:
11708:
11703:
11698:
11694:
11690:
11686:
11682:
11677:
11675:
11671:
11667:
11666:
11656:
11651:
11647:
11642:
11639:
11635:
11633:
11629:
11626:
11625:online review
11622:
11618:
11616:
11612:
11609:
11608:online review
11605:
11601:
11599:
11595:
11592:
11588:
11584:
11580:
11574:
11570:
11565:
11563:
11559:
11556:
11552:
11548:
11544:
11540:
11536:
11532:
11528:
11523:
11519:
11513:
11509:
11508:
11502:
11498:
11496:0-9147-1016-8
11492:
11488:
11487:
11481:
11477:
11475:1-8417-6594-5
11471:
11467:
11462:
11460:
11455:
11451:
11450:Jászi, Oszkár
11447:
11443:
11438:
11434:
11429:
11425:
11421:
11417:
11413:
11409:
11404:
11400:
11395:
11393:
11389:
11386:
11382:
11378:
11375:
11371:
11367:
11363:
11359:
11355:
11351:
11347:
11343:
11339:
11334:
11330:
11324:
11320:
11316:
11312:
11307:
11303:
11299:
11295:
11291:
11286:
11279:
11275:
11271:
11267:
11263:
11259:
11255:
11248:
11243:
11240:
11236:
11235:
11233:
11211:
11207:
11203:
11200:
11196:
11193:
11189:
11186:
11182:
11178:
11175:
11171:
11169:
11165:
11161:
11158:
11154:
11150:
11146:
11145:
11139:
11137:
11133:
11130:
11126:
11122:
11120:
11116:
11112:
11110:
11106:
11103:Roman, Eric.
11102:
11100:
11096:
11094:
11089:
11085:
11084:
11079:
11075:
11065:
11063:
11062:0-87113-665-1
11059:
11055:
11051:
11048:
11044:
11032:
11028:
11024:
11020:
11014:
11010:
11006:
11002:
11001:
10995:
10993:
10989:
10985:
10983:
10979:
10975:
10972:
10968:
10965:
10962:
10959:
10956:
10952:
10948:
10944:
10940:
10934:
10930:
10926:
10922:
10917:
10914:
10910:
10907:
10903:
10900:
10897:Good, David.
10896:
10894:(2nd ed 2009)
10893:
10889:
10885:
10881:
10877:
10871:
10867:
10863:
10859:
10854:
10850:
10846:
10842:
10838:
10834:
10832:0-8598-9563-7
10828:
10824:
10819:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10803:
10799:
10795:
10791:
10787:
10782:
10778:
10774:
10770:
10766:
10762:
10758:
10754:
10750:
10745:
10733:
10729:
10725:
10721:
10720:
10708:
10702:
10698:
10694:
10689:
10685:
10679:
10675:
10671:
10667:
10662:
10658:
10652:
10648:
10643:
10631:
10627:
10621:
10617:
10616:
10611:
10607:
10601:
10600:
10594:
10590:
10586:
10582:
10578:
10574:
10570:
10566:
10560:
10559:
10552:
10548:
10546:3-2059-8179-0
10542:
10538:
10533:
10529:
10527:3-4865-6079-4
10523:
10519:
10514:
10510:
10506:
10502:
10497:
10493:
10487:
10483:
10478:
10474:
10470:
10466:
10464:0-0604-0171-0
10460:
10456:
10451:
10450:
10437:
10432:
10425:
10413:
10409:
10403:
10399:
10398:
10390:
10374:
10370:
10369:
10364:
10358:
10342:
10338:
10335:(in German).
10334:
10328:
10312:
10308:
10304:
10297:
10295:
10287:
10286:Headlam 1911b
10282:
10274:
10273:
10268:
10264:
10258:
10257:public domain
10244:
10242:
10234:
10228:
10220:
10216:
10212:
10211:
10206:
10200:
10184:
10180:
10174:
10158:
10154:
10148:
10132:
10128:
10122:
10106:
10102:
10096:
10080:
10076:
10069:
10053:
10050:. Dradio.de.
10049:
10043:
10035:
10031:
10027:
10026:
10021:
10015:
9996:
9992:
9986:
9982:
9975:
9968:
9952:
9948:
9944:
9938:
9922:
9918:
9911:
9895:
9891:
9885:
9879:
9875:
9872:
9868:
9862:
9853:
9837:
9833:
9827:
9818:
9809:
9799:
9790:
9783:
9782:0-948106-27-1
9779:
9773:
9766:
9765:963-552-313-0
9762:
9755:
9747:
9741:
9737:
9736:
9728:
9721:
9717:
9713:
9712:Mikulas Teich
9708:
9700:
9694:
9690:
9689:
9681:
9674:
9670:
9666:
9660:
9651:
9642:
9633:
9624:
9608:
9604:
9598:
9589:
9581:
9577:
9570:
9568:
9551:
9547:
9541:
9534:
9533:3-515-08613-7
9530:
9526:
9520:
9504:
9500:
9494:
9479:
9473:
9471:
9461:
9453:
9447:
9443:
9442:
9437:
9431:
9415:
9411:
9405:
9401:
9400:
9392:
9382:
9374:
9367:
9361:
9358:Good, David.
9355:
9346:
9337:
9329:
9322:
9313:
9294:
9287:
9280:
9272:
9266:
9262:
9261:
9253:
9237:
9233:
9227:
9211:
9207:
9201:
9194:
9190:
9187:
9184:
9180:
9179:1-317-11844-8
9176:
9172:
9166:
9150:
9146:
9142:
9135:
9124:
9117:
9110:
9102:
9098:
9091:
9075:
9071:
9065:
9058:
9052:
9044:
9040:
9034:
9027:
9022:
9015:
9010:
9002:
8998:
8992:
8984:
8978:
8974:
8973:
8965:
8957:
8953:
8946:
8930:
8926:
8925:
8917:
8915:
8906:
8902:
8895:
8887:
8881:
8877:
8876:
8868:
8860:
8859:
8851:
8840:
8836:
8829:
8822:
8815:
8811:
8806:
8790:
8786:
8782:
8776:
8761:
8757:
8751:
8747:
8743:
8736:
8720:
8716:
8714:9781904350408
8710:
8707:. p. 8.
8706:
8702:
8698:
8697:
8689:
8682:
8676:
8668:
8664:
8660:
8656:
8649:
8643:, p. 39.
8642:
8637:
8621:
8617:
8611:
8592:
8585:
8579:
8573:
8568:
8561:
8560:3-486-56700-4
8557:
8551:
8535:
8531:
8529:9789639116030
8525:
8521:
8517:
8516:
8508:
8493:
8487:
8483:
8482:
8475:
8460:
8454:
8450:
8446:
8445:
8437:
8430:
8426:
8421:
8414:
8410:
8407:
8402:
8395:
8390:
8374:
8370:
8368:9780823233434
8364:
8360:
8356:
8355:
8347:
8340:
8335:
8327:
8323:
8319:
8318:
8310:
8294:
8290:
8284:
8282:
8274:
8269:
8267:
8259:
8254:
8245:
8240:
8236:
8235:
8230:
8223:
8215:
8209:
8205:
8201:
8194:
8186:
8180:
8176:
8172:
8168:
8161:
8152:
8136:
8132:
8131:H-Net Reviews
8128:
8121:
8113:
8106:
8090:
8086:
8084:9780873386517
8080:
8076:
8072:
8071:
8063:
8055:
8049:
8045:
8038:
8030:
8023:
8015:
8009:
8005:
7998:
7982:
7978:
7972:
7965:(2): 284–305.
7964:
7960:
7953:
7945:
7938:
7930:
7924:
7920:
7916:
7910:
7902:
7896:
7892:
7888:
7884:
7878:
7870:
7864:
7860:
7853:
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7828:
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7814:
7810:
7803:
7795:
7789:
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7314:
7305:
7298:
7286:
7282:
7281:
7274:
7267:
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7239:
7234:
7228:
7224:
7217:
7209:
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7167:
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7149:
7142:
7137:
7130:
7125:
7109:
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7087:
7079:
7075:
7069:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7039:
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7035:
7033:
7031:
7029:
7027:
7019:
7014:
7006:
7000:
6996:
6992:
6985:
6977:
6970:
6954:
6950:
6946:
6942:
6936:
6928:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6912:
6908:
6904:
6900:
6896:
6892:
6885:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6854:
6848:
6843:
6841:
6839:
6829:
6821:
6814:
6812:
6803:
6802:
6796:
6788:
6780:
6776:
6770:
6766:
6765:
6757:
6750:
6746:
6745:
6740:
6739:2-8593-9739-6
6736:
6732:
6726:
6719:
6718:3-8000-3168-X
6715:
6709:
6701:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6681:
6679:
6671:
6667:
6661:
6659:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6628:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6602:
6593:
6585:
6583:9780816074693
6579:
6575:
6574:
6566:
6558:
6557:
6552:
6546:
6539:
6535:
6529:
6513:
6509:
6503:
6495:
6494:
6487:
6479:
6478:
6471:
6463:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6424:
6417:
6413:
6412:Austrian Jews
6409:
6405:
6401:
6394:
6390:
6386:
6382:
6376:
6360:
6356:
6355:
6350:
6344:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6326:
6320:
6304:
6300:
6293:
6289:
6273:
6265:
6259:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6236:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6217:
6211:
6207:
6201:
6197:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6128:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6108:
6106:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6081:
6078:
6074:
6073:Veliki Skočaj
6070:
6066:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6033:and northern
6032:
6028:
6025:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6011:and parts of
6010:
6006:
6002:
5999:
5995:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5923:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5902:Boka Kotorska
5899:
5896:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5861:Lesser Poland
5858:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5797:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5754:
5750:
5749:Upper Austria
5746:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5725:Lower Austria
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5678:
5677:
5666:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5617:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5528:
5520:
5510:
5500:
5474:
5473:Saint Germain
5470:
5465:
5458:
5457:Saint Germain
5454:
5449:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5411:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5392:Miklós Horthy
5389:
5385:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5349:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5306:
5296:
5294:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5277:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5253:
5243:
5241:
5236:
5234:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5211:
5206:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5149:
5147:
5137:
5134:
5130:
5127:
5123:
5120:
5111:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5004:
5003:Bielsko-Biała
5000:
4996:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4920:
4918:
4915:line (1888),
4914:
4911:line (1888),
4910:
4907:line (1887),
4906:
4902:
4898:
4893:
4891:
4881:
4878:
4869:
4864:
4860:
4850:
4848:
4839:
4830:
4827:
4817:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4764:
4760:
4759:food industry
4754:
4752:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4691:
4687:
4686:Panic of 1873
4682:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4584:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4565:
4556:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4513:
4498:
4495:
4487:
4476:
4473:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4448:
4445: –
4444:
4440:
4439:Find sources:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4417:This section
4415:
4411:
4406:
4405:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4318:
4314:
4309:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4157:
4154:in his book,
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4085:
4084:Kultursprache
4074:
4070:
4068:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4033:
4030:
4029:Landessprache
4024:
4017:
4015:
4010:
4002:
4001:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3965:Magyarization
3962:
3958:
3952:
3942:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3830:
3822:
3817:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3722:
3718:
3709:
3706:
3700:
3691:
3689:
3688:István Burián
3683:
3676:
3671:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3634:Romanian Army
3629:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3572:Western front
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3531:Luigi Cadorna
3529:
3520:
3519:Italian Front
3516:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3398:Eastern front
3391:
3387:
3382:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3312:
3309:
3302:
3292:
3290:
3280:
3276:
3275:Franz Josef I
3272:
3267:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3012:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2975:
2974:Eduard Wagnes
2971:
2967:
2963:
2962:special units
2959:
2954:
2949:
2948:Bosnia Crisis
2945:
2941:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2876:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2754:
2753:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:Árpád dynasty
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2634:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2559:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:Royal Hungary
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2154:
2153:
2144:862–895
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2124:567–822
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:469–553
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2104:454–567
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2080:Hunnic Empire
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:Early history
2056:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Austrofascism
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1580:Early history
1577:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1309:; Hungarian:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1297:; Hungarian:
1296:
1292:
1291:Dual Monarchy
1288:
1285:; Hungarian:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1273:; Hungarian:
1272:
1263:
1258:
1255:; Hungarian:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:dual monarchy
1108:
1106:
1102:
1101:German Empire
1098:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:Dual Monarchy
1056:
1052:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
989:
987:
984:
983:
975:
973:
970:
969:
961:
959:
956:
955:
947:
945:
943:
938:
937:
929:
927:
924:
923:
915:
913:
910:
909:
901:
899:
897:
892:
891:
888:
882:
879:
872:
871:
868:
867:
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839:
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747:
743:
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734:
730:
727:
721:
717:
714:
708:
704:
701:
695:
691:
688:
682:
678:
675:
674:Dual Alliance
669:
666:30 March 1867
665:
662:
656:
652:
646:
643:
641:
638:
637:
635:
631:
625:
622:
620:
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579:
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541:
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531:
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108:
101:
94:
87:
82:
74:
67:
58:
51:
40:
37:
33:
19:
18516:
18325:Architecture
18292:Prostitution
18223:Demographics
18187:Unemployment
18177:Trade unions
18012:Intelligence
18007:Human rights
17992:Constitution
17867:Coat of arms
17825:List of wars
17810:Christianity
17777:World War II
17751:
17712:Principality
17617:South Africa
17612:Sierra Leone
17559:
17389:Two Sicilies
17324:Papal States
17163:
17124:
17063:
16956:
16822:
16582:Cook Islands
16435:
16421:Saudi Arabia
16350:
15938:Coat of arms
15928:Architecture
15895:Prostitution
15865:Demographics
15743:Legal system
15721:Human rights
15701:Constitution
15542:
15496:East Francia
15129:Contemporary
14979:Indo-Persian
14967:Nazi Germany
14911:Contemporary
14855:
14813:Vijayanagara
14712:Great Seljuk
14623:Thessalonica
14551:Golden Horde
14191:Carthaginian
13970:Neo-Assyrian
13955:Neo-Sumerian
13817:Artur Phleps
13682:Heads of the
13607:Generalmajor
13499:(GdI) Franz
13493:von Pitreich
13375:
13352:
13325:Kriegsmarine
13323:
13272:
13265:
13258:
13231:
13224:
12746:Cisleithania
12733:
12660:
12656:
12644:Condominiums
12498:Cisleithania
12489:
11899:
11875:
11868:
11857:. Retrieved
11832:
11828:
11797:
11779:
11755:
11751:
11743:
11725:
11718:
11684:
11680:
11669:
11654:
11645:
11637:
11620:
11603:
11586:
11568:
11530:
11526:
11506:
11485:
11465:
11453:
11441:
11432:
11407:
11398:
11380:
11373:
11341:
11337:
11310:
11293:
11289:
11278:the original
11257:
11253:
11238:
11214:. Retrieved
11198:
11191:
11180:
11173:
11163:
11156:
11143:
11124:
11114:
11104:
11092:
11081:
11053:
11046:
11035:. Retrieved
10999:
10987:
10977:
10970:
10963:
10954:
10920:
10912:
10905:
10898:
10891:
10857:
10822:
10810:
10785:
10752:
10748:
10736:. Retrieved
10727:
10692:
10665:
10646:
10634:. Retrieved
10614:
10598:
10584:
10572:
10557:
10536:
10517:
10500:
10481:
10454:
10446:Bibliography
10431:
10423:
10416:. Retrieved
10396:
10389:
10377:. Retrieved
10373:the original
10366:
10357:
10345:. Retrieved
10327:
10315:. Retrieved
10306:
10288:, p. 4.
10281:
10270:
10232:
10227:
10209:
10199:
10189:11 September
10187:. Retrieved
10173:
10161:. Retrieved
10157:the original
10147:
10137:11 September
10135:. Retrieved
10121:
10111:11 September
10109:. Retrieved
10105:the original
10095:
10085:11 September
10083:. Retrieved
10079:the original
10068:
10058:11 September
10056:. Retrieved
10042:
10024:
10014:
10002:. Retrieved
9995:the original
9980:
9967:
9955:. Retrieved
9946:
9937:
9925:. Retrieved
9910:
9898:. Retrieved
9884:
9866:
9865:Kogan Page:
9861:
9852:
9840:. Retrieved
9826:
9817:
9808:
9798:
9789:
9772:
9754:
9734:
9727:
9719:
9707:
9687:
9680:
9664:
9659:
9650:
9641:
9632:
9623:
9611:. Retrieved
9607:the original
9597:
9588:
9580:the original
9554:. Retrieved
9540:
9524:
9519:
9507:. Retrieved
9493:
9481:. Retrieved
9460:
9440:
9430:
9418:. Retrieved
9398:
9391:
9381:
9372:
9366:
9359:
9354:
9345:
9336:
9327:
9321:
9312:
9300:. Retrieved
9293:the original
9279:
9259:
9252:
9240:. Retrieved
9236:the original
9226:
9214:. Retrieved
9210:the original
9200:
9183:Google Books
9170:
9165:
9153:. Retrieved
9144:
9134:
9109:
9101:the original
9090:
9078:. Retrieved
9064:
9056:
9051:
9042:
9033:
9021:
9009:
9000:
8991:
8971:
8964:
8955:
8945:
8933:. Retrieved
8923:
8900:
8894:
8874:
8867:
8857:
8850:
8834:
8821:
8813:
8805:
8793:. Retrieved
8784:
8775:
8764:, retrieved
8745:
8735:
8723:. Retrieved
8695:
8688:
8680:
8675:
8658:
8654:
8648:
8641:Headlam 1911
8636:
8624:. Retrieved
8610:
8598:. Retrieved
8591:the original
8578:
8567:
8550:
8538:. Retrieved
8514:
8507:
8495:. Retrieved
8480:
8474:
8462:. Retrieved
8443:
8436:
8424:
8420:
8401:
8389:
8377:. Retrieved
8353:
8346:
8334:
8316:
8309:
8297:. Retrieved
8293:the original
8253:
8232:
8222:
8199:
8193:
8166:
8160:
8151:
8141:25 September
8139:. Retrieved
8130:
8120:
8111:
8105:
8093:. Retrieved
8069:
8062:
8043:
8037:
8028:
8022:
8003:
7997:
7987:11 September
7985:. Retrieved
7981:the original
7971:
7962:
7958:
7952:
7943:
7937:
7918:
7909:
7886:
7877:
7858:
7852:
7833:
7827:
7808:
7802:
7783:
7774:
7765:
7759:
7747:. Retrieved
7740:the original
7709:
7677:
7654:
7648:
7639:
7635:
7629:
7617:. Retrieved
7592:(1): 65–86.
7589:
7585:
7569:
7552:
7523:
7514:
7505:
7499:
7490:
7481:
7471:29 September
7469:. Retrieved
7455:
7445:
7437:
7423:
7417:
7394:
7388:
7376:
7353:
7347:
7339:
7332:. Retrieved
7312:
7304:
7296:
7289:. Retrieved
7279:
7273:
7265:
7251:
7245:
7236:
7222:
7216:
7197:
7191:
7183:
7178:
7166:
7157:
7148:
7136:
7131:, chapter 8.
7124:
7112:. Retrieved
7098:
7086:
7078:the original
7068:
7056:. Retrieved
7047:
7020:, chapter 6.
7013:
6990:
6984:
6975:
6969:
6957:. Retrieved
6935:
6897:(1): 20–34.
6894:
6890:
6884:
6872:. Retrieved
6863:
6853:
6828:
6819:
6799:
6787:
6779:the original
6763:
6756:
6749:Google Books
6747:, p. 60, at
6742:
6730:
6725:
6708:
6697:
6665:
6645:. Retrieved
6636:
6627:
6615:. Retrieved
6606:
6600:
6592:
6572:
6565:
6555:
6545:
6533:
6528:
6516:. Retrieved
6502:
6492:
6486:
6476:
6470:
6459:
6423:
6407:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6375:
6363:. Retrieved
6352:
6343:
6324:
6319:
6309:11 September
6307:. Retrieved
6303:the original
6292:
6272:
6258:
6235:
6216:
6200:
6113:
6112:
6052:
6051:
6005:Transylvania
5982:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5865:Subcarpathia
5817:(except the
5796:Cisleithania
5794:
5788:
5787:
5783:
5757:
5687:Cisleithania
5685:
5652:
5623:proto-states
5576:proto-states
5533:
5420:Habsburg Law
5417:
5381:
5353:
5324:
5290:
5286:
5275:
5255:
5237:
5232:
5229:
5209:
5194:
5186:
5173:Gábor Baross
5166:
5157:Adriatic Sea
5150:
5143:
5116:
5008:
4933:
4926:
4919:line (1912)
4895:Electrified
4894:
4887:
4874:
4844:
4823:
4814:
4805:
4799:
4755:
4734:
4718:central bank
4710:Wiener Börse
4706:urbanization
4700:accelerated
4695:
4581:
4570:
4549:
4518:
4490:
4481:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4438:
4426:Please help
4421:verification
4418:
4359:
4357:
4337:Adolf Hitler
4322:
4317:Leopoldstadt
4260:
4251:Istvan Tisza
4231:
4191:Transylvania
4184:
4176:Brno (Brünn)
4160:
4155:
4152:Misha Glenny
4137:
4122:
4090:equal rights
4081:
4079:
4063:
4053:(Nagyrőce),
4047:(gymnasiums)
4043:
4035:
4019:
4013:
4011:
4007:
3945:Demographics
3938:
3926:
3908:After 1878,
3907:
3880:
3862:
3850:Cisleithania
3835:
3792:
3776:
3764:
3736:
3732:
3701:
3697:
3684:
3680:
3675:Păuleni-Ciuc
3631:
3616:Villa Giusti
3604:Armando Diaz
3584:
3549:
3547:
3543:four battles
3524:
3482:
3454:puppet state
3431:
3395:
3354:
3339:Green Cadres
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3304:
3285:
3246:
3239:
3230:
3213:István Tisza
3202:
3172:
3153:
3094:
3090:
3075:
3071:
3047:
3016:
3007:
2995:
2979:
2928:
2920:Napoleon III
2893:
2857:
2826:
2798:
2719:Coat of arms
2704:Christianity
2699:List of Wars
2562:Contemporary
2545:World War II
2414:
2260:Ottoman Wars
2242:Early modern
2225:Ottoman Wars
1975:
1858:World War II
1774:
1679:East Francia
1523:
1503:
1501:
1483:
1479:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1430:Cisleithania
1417:
1409:
1399:
1391:
1386:k.u.k. Armee
1383:
1375:
1363:
1352:
1317:
1315:
1302:
1290:
1278:
1248:
1239:
1229:
1222:
1180:
1148:
1120:Cisleithania
1109:
1094:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:
986:West Ukraine
941:
895:
863:Succeeded by
862:
857:
718:28 July 1914
705:28 June 1914
446:Emperor-King
272:Largest city
198:Cisleithania
137:
118:Motto:
117:
100:Coat of arms
36:
18538: /
18441:Spa culture
18272:Irredentism
18110:Agriculture
18039:Nationality
17757:World War I
17556:British Raj
17528:(Sri Lanka)
17414:Württemberg
17126:South Yemen
17014:Maguindanao
16907:Afghanistan
16668:Barotseland
16604:Saint Lucia
16577:New Zealand
16486:Netherlands
16259:Chhatrapati
16243:Sovereignty
16183:Aristocracy
15890:Pornography
15880:Health care
15784:Agriculture
15738:LGBT rights
15731:enforcement
14717:Khwarezmian
14650:Carolingian
14455:Rashtrakuta
14159:Shaishunaga
14058:Hellenistic
14041:New Kingdom
14031:Old Kingdom
13827:Alfred Redl
13772:Franz Böhme
13627:of the Navy
13482:GdK Edmund
13475:FZM Rudolf
13336:Battleships
13267:Schutzkorps
13233:Kaiserjäger
13163:Common Army
12687:(1901–1917)
12659:1908–1918;
12634:(1867–1882)
12344:Lajtabánság
12260:Short-lived
12203:Sudetenland
12119:Pichon Line
11880:online free
11099:online free
9080:19 November
8935:7 September
8725:14 November
8600:19 November
8572:Taylor 1964
8540:16 November
8394:Watson 2014
8339:Watson 2014
8273:Watson 2014
8258:Watson 2014
8095:19 November
7682:Watson 2014
7642:(2): 163ff.
7334:2 September
7171:Bridge 1972
7161:Wank, 2020.
6720:, in German
6414:, although
6208:and 10–12%
6091:Herceg Novi
6069:Mali Skočaj
5998:Zakarpattia
5985:along with
5840:South Tyrol
5659:Switzerland
5459:(1919–1920)
5266:Common Army
5183:Tisza River
5105:Underground
5043:Nyíregyháza
5023:Szombathely
4751:pastoralism
4329:antisemitic
4201:in today's
4178:). The old
4039:Sudetenland
3883:parliaments
3872:Common Army
3840:turned the
3705:German army
3474:proto state
3174:Schutzkorps
3120:July Crisis
2860:Ferenc Deák
2435:World War I
2357:Late modern
2250:Reformation
2195:Golden Bull
2039:History of
1787:World War I
1706:Middle Ages
1560:History of
1217:Silver coin
1179:successors
1155:World War I
858:Preceded by
844:(1892–1918)
836:(1867–1892)
787:4 June 1920
700:July Crisis
645:World War I
571:Legislature
231:Condominium
182:World War I
103:(1915–1918)
18553:Categories
18526:16°21′54″E
18523:48°12′27″N
18456:Television
18421:Literature
18411:Inventions
18262:Hungarians
18252:Healthcare
18142:(currency)
18044:Parliament
17845:Holy Crown
17622:Tanganyika
17537:The Gambia
17465:Niuē-Fekai
17404:Yugoslavia
17304:Montenegro
17111:Upper Yafa
17106:Upper Asir
16743:Madagascar
16476:Luxembourg
16208:Government
16173:Abdication
16142:Hereditary
16070:Monarchies
15958:Literature
15753:Parliament
15716:Government
15635:Ecoregions
15287:Portuguese
15168:Revival Le
15158:Vietnamese
14801:Later Tran
14771:Vietnamese
14667:Singhasari
14655:Holy Roman
14279:Bulgarian
14215:Satavahana
14186:Phoenician
14122:Achaemenid
14083:Indo-Greek
14063:Macedonian
13977:Babylonian
13740:Commanders
13455:von Koller
13394:Leadership
13195:First Army
12663:1878–1918)
11835:: 88–108.
11687:(3): 208.
10841:1150075157
10794:1149195550
10636:4 December
10581:Sked, Alan
10217:. p.
10032:. p.
9716:Roy Porter
9216:28 January
8379:2 December
8173:. p.
7291:7 December
7048:Britannica
6959:31 January
6284:References
6083:Montenegro
5969:(Croatian
5947:Burgenland
5888:Chernivtsi
5805:Burgenland
5753:Vorarlberg
5721:Küstenland
5663:Vorarlberg
5404:Versailles
5274:Hungarian
5272:, and the
5177:Iron Gates
5171:. Finally
5015:Bratislava
4990:Dalmatia:
4909:Szentendre
4824:The first
4730:1990 Int$
4648:Ruthenian
4608:Hungarian
4484:April 2023
4454:newspapers
4382:Samu Hazai
3973:Panslavism
3955:See also:
3939:status quo
3922:Montenegro
3846:real union
3810:Government
3442:Wilhelm II
3319:See also:
3299:See also:
3279:Wilhelm II
3168:Ivo Andrić
3059:Maximilian
3039:Montenegro
3003:Suez Canal
2982:Pan-Slavic
2724:Literature
2674:Holy Crown
2644:Hungarians
2624:since 2012
1945:Liberalism
1669:Carantania
1647:Marcomanni
1486:kraljevski
1265:(English:
1243:(English:
1192:, and the
1116:real union
1000:Yugoslavia
821:51,390,223
810:Population
434:Government
424:Demonym(s)
396:Protestant
229:, and the
105:(see also
18401:Festivals
18282:Languages
18228:Education
18182:Transport
18129:Companies
18061:President
17997:Elections
17951:Mountains
17923:Hydrology
17881:Geography
17592:Mauritius
17485:Rarotonga
17470:Nuku Hiva
17460:Mangareva
17435:Bora Bora
17314:Neuchâtel
17284:Lithuania
17189:Catalonia
17076:Sri Lanka
17029:Manchukuo
17004:Kurdistan
16958:Indonesia
16881:Talamanca
16841:Araucanía
16824:and other
16803:Wassoulou
16547:Australia
16223:Oligarchy
15885:Languages
15870:Education
15824:Transport
15794:Companies
15706:Elections
15645:Mountains
15630:Districts
15603:Geography
15573:Anschluss
15459:Roman Era
15280:Couronian
14918:Ethiopian
14906:Manchukuo
14861:Brazilian
14707:Ghaznavid
14677:Srivijaya
14628:Trebizond
14613:Byzantine
14595:North Sea
14590:Norwegian
14578:Almoravid
14561:Ilkhanate
14531:Majapahit
14504:Muromachi
14413:Solomonic
14398:Ethiopian
14312:Caliphate
14245:Aragonese
14073:Ptolemaic
13559:Charles I
13503:Schönaich
13415:Charles I
13369:Air Force
13226:Feldjäger
12794:1900–1901
12764:1871–1872
12366:to Poland
12097:Diplomacy
11894:In German
11849:143745426
11772:143481172
11366:154381768
11274:145716467
11226:World war
11037:23 August
11027:239313989
10947:167195732
10884:28444909M
10802:13524274M
10777:151977197
10738:19 August
10509:22077590M
10473:21992200M
10379:28 August
10215:Macmillan
10163:28 August
10030:Macmillan
9957:8 October
9842:19 August
9722:, p. 266.
9535:, p. 246.
9420:17 August
9302:28 August
8497:1 January
8464:1 January
8299:28 August
7606:154930518
7561:21170640M
7044:"Austria"
6927:144762108
6911:0008-9389
6847:Kann 1974
6538:Frankfurt
6404:Ukrainian
6379:From the
6248:Hungarian
6229:Unitarian
6031:Vojvodina
6021:Maramureș
5961:Prekmurje
5945:Austria (
5829:Prekmurje
5819:Hlučínsko
5705:Carinthia
5281:Landsturm
5221:Dubrovnik
5098:Dubrovnik
5076:Croatia:
5039:Satu Mare
5031:Timișoara
4997:Galicia:
4992:Dubrovnik
4940:Innsbruck
4820:Telephone
4802:Pressburg
4796:Telegraph
4726:GDP (PPP)
4692:followed.
4640:Romanian
4616:Croatian
4547:in 1365.
4400:Education
4247:Charles I
4219:Vojvodina
4187:Romanians
3903:Reichsrat
3677:, Romania
3651:Bucharest
3587:Caporetto
3315:Homefront
3029:with the
1841:Anschluss
1826:Civil War
1655:Baiuvarii
1601:Roman Era
1516:Hungarian
1342:Hungarian
1305:(German:
1293:(German:
1281:(German:
1235:Hungarian
1163:dissolved
375:Religion
324:Ruthenian
292:Hungarian
84:1867–1918
73:Hungarian
18501:Category
18406:Folklore
18383:Sausages
18302:Religion
18162:Taxation
18147:Industry
18027:Military
17975:Politics
17898:Counties
17857:Nobility
17840:Monarchs
17820:Military
17815:Economic
17707:Pannonia
17682:articles
17607:Rhodesia
17602:Pakistan
17521:Barbados
17490:Rimatara
17480:Rapa Iti
17409:Valencia
17384:Tavolara
17374:Scotland
17339:Portugal
17299:Moldavia
17184:Bulgaria
17179:Brittany
17154:Asturias
17034:Mongolia
17024:Maldives
16886:Trinidad
16876:Suriname
16834:Americas
16818:Zimbabwe
16813:Zanzibar
16798:Wituland
16773:Ngazidja
16768:Ndzuwani
16703:Ethiopia
16426:Thailand
16406:Malaysia
16386:Cambodia
16336:Eswatini
16132:Elective
16117:Absolute
16023:Category
15900:Religion
15850:Abortion
15809:Taxation
15748:Military
15684:Politics
15486:Rugiland
15469:Pannonia
15426:articles
15260:Japanese
15223:Scottish
15203:American
15195:Colonial
15124:Imperial
15092:Moroccan
15028:Japanese
15006:Afsharid
14865:Burmese
14851:Austrian
14806:Later Le
14781:Early Le
14766:Venetian
14692:Tiwanaku
14605:Hellenic
14568:Moroccan
14499:Kamakura
14489:Japanese
14472:Saffarid
14425:Georgian
14339:Chalukya
14317:Rashidun
14307:Calakmul
14275:Bruneian
14154:Haryanka
14132:Sasanian
14127:Parthian
14078:Bactrian
14068:Seleucid
14048:Goguryeo
14026:Egyptian
13960:Assyrian
13950:Akkadian
13941:Colonies
13501:Freiherr
13484:Freiherr
13477:Freiherr
13470:Freiherr
13453:Freiherr
13443:Freiherr
13402:Emperors
13383:Aircraft
13341:Cruisers
13210:Weaponry
13031:Dalmatia
12661:de facto
12385:to China
12379:to Italy
12370:Bukovina
12357:Cessions
12129:Vix Note
12046:Treaties
11988:Archived
11934:Archived
11883:Archived
11853:Archived
11787:Archived
11628:Archived
11611:Archived
11594:Archived
11558:Archived
11547:96478651
11452:(1966).
11424:6715012M
11388:Archived
11260:: 1–56.
11210:Archived
11132:Archived
11076:(1922).
11031:Archived
10849:1313375M
10769:40650848
10732:Archived
10728:BBC News
10630:Archived
10612:(2001).
10595:(1964).
10583:(1989).
10571:(1976),
10412:Archived
10341:Archived
10311:Archived
10207:(1919).
10183:Archived
10131:Archived
10052:Archived
10022:(1919).
9951:Archived
9927:10 April
9921:Archived
9900:25 March
9894:Archived
9874:Archived
9871:page 174
9836:Archived
9675:, p. 31.
9613:11 March
9556:25 March
9550:Archived
9509:11 March
9503:Archived
9483:25 March
9438:(2013).
9414:Archived
9189:Archived
9149:Archived
9145:650 Plus
9123:Archived
9074:Archived
8999:(2003).
8929:Archived
8839:Archived
8789:Archived
8760:archived
8719:Archived
8703:for the
8626:24 March
8620:Archived
8562:, p. 150
8534:Archived
8409:Archived
8373:Archived
8326:Archived
8171:ABC-CLIO
8135:Archived
8089:Archived
7917:(2011).
7782:(1968).
7736:16455027
7610:Archived
7577:(1991).
7551:(1988).
7532:5388162M
7522:(1971).
7489:(2013).
7465:Archived
7285:Archived
7182:Langer,
7114:24 March
7108:Archived
7058:24 March
7052:Archived
6953:Archived
6868:Archived
6641:Archived
6611:Archived
6553:(1896).
6540:), 1996.
6512:Archived
6365:25 March
6359:Archived
6332:Archived
6225:Reformed
6221:Lutheran
6134:See also
6125:(former
6087:Sutorina
6035:Belgrade
5987:Slavonia
5957:Slovenia
5941:Slovakia
5914:Sutomore
5910:Petrovac
5884:Ternopil
5836:Trentino
5827:(except
5825:Slovenia
5807:without
5733:Salzburg
5713:Dalmatia
5709:Carniola
5701:Bukovina
5645:and the
5614:(former
5591:and the
5373:Béla Kun
5246:Military
5155:and the
5096:(1910);
5092:(1908);
5084:(1904);
5080:(1899);
5069:(1913);
5063:Novi Sad
5059:Debrecen
5057:(1908);
5053:(1906);
5041:(1900);
5033:(1899);
5025:(1897),
5021:(1897),
5019:Subotica
5001:(1894),
4968:(1901);
4763:Budapest
4632:Serbian
4325:populist
4275:deputies
4203:Slovakia
4125:Dalmatia
4106:Carniola
3842:Habsburg
3655:Moldavia
3643:Muntenia
3361:Brindisi
3156:Sarajevo
2980:Russian
2958:Bosniaks
2744:Budapest
2734:Székelys
2694:Military
2689:Nobility
2649:Timeline
2157:Medieval
2030:a series
2028:Part of
1977:Timeline
1960:Hinduism
1920:Football
1651:Lombards
1619:Rugiland
1609:Pannonia
1551:a series
1549:Part of
1496:Croatian
1359:k. u. k.
1321:and the
1200:and the
1173:and the
1118:between
1099:and the
826:Currency
390:Catholic
360:Friulian
328:Romanian
297:Croatian
258:Budapest
18485:Outline
18461:Theatre
18451:Symbols
18396:Fashion
18356:Cuisine
18331:Castles
18317:Culture
18201:Society
18172:Tourism
18139:Forint
18098:Economy
18049:Speaker
17987:Cabinet
17961:Regions
17929:Islands
17918:Geology
17908:Climate
17690:History
17678:Hungary
17597:Nigeria
17572:Ireland
17500:Tahuata
17475:Raiatea
17455:Huahine
17430:Abemama
17423:Oceania
17394:Tuscany
17349:Romania
17344:Prussia
17309:Navarre
17289:Majorca
17269:Ireland
17264:Imereti
17259:Iceland
17254:Hungary
17249:Hanover
17244:Granada
17234:Germany
17229:Georgia
17224:Galicia
17214:Finland
17204:Corsica
17199:Cilicia
17169:Bavaria
17159:Austria
17144:Albania
17116:Vietnam
17059:Sarawak
17049:Qu'aiti
16984:Kathiri
16947:Dapitan
16922:Bukhara
16871:Miskito
16793:Tunisia
16783:Shilluk
16693:Dahomey
16683:Burundi
16673:Bagirmi
16653:Adamawa
16572:Jamaica
16567:Grenada
16552:Bahamas
16516:Oceania
16466:Denmark
16461:Belgium
16456:Andorra
16371:Bahrain
16346:Morocco
16341:Lesotho
16320:Current
16311:Pharaoh
16264:Emperor
16203:Dynasty
16157:Regency
16137:Federal
16127:Diarchy
16081:Monarch
16007:Outline
15968:Museums
15943:Cuisine
15920:Culture
15838:Society
15819:Tourism
15789:Banking
15772:Economy
15578:Ostmark
15464:Noricum
15434:History
15422:Austria
15327:largest
15322:Empires
15302:Swedish
15297:Spanish
15292:Russian
15255:Italian
15230:Chinese
15218:English
15213:British
15208:Belgian
15183:Vietnam
15173:Tay son
15119:Tsarist
15114:Russian
15109:Ottoman
15075:Dzungar
15070:Khoshut
15043:Mexican
15038:Maratha
15021:Pahlavi
15001:Safavid
14996:Iranian
14923:Haitian
14886:Chinese
14846:Ashanti
14818:Wagadou
14744:Eastern
14739:Western
14722:Timurid
14682:Tibetan
14672:Songhai
14662:Serbian
14583:Almohad
14573:Idrisid
14477:Samanid
14467:Tahirid
14462:Iranian
14440:Kannauj
14420:Genoese
14356:Chinese
14349:Eastern
14344:Western
14332:Fatimid
14327:Abbasid
14322:Umayyad
14295:Burmese
14255:Ayyubid
14250:Angevin
14220:Xianbei
14208:Eastern
14203:Western
14149:Magadha
14112:Iranian
14105:Xiongnu
14090:Hittite
13999:Chinese
13987:Kassite
13936:Ancient
13928:Empires
13346:U-Boats
12732:and in
12657:de jure
12561:Trieste
12364:Galicia
12229:Hungary
12186:Austria
11952:at the
11728:(1919)
11416:1065632
11358:1875406
11290:History
11166:(1930)
11117:(1976)
10317:3 March
10269:(ed.).
10259::
10235:(1976).
10004:19 June
9242:11 June
9155:20 June
8795:30 June
8766:30 June
8320:(pdf).
7450:10,058.
6919:4545476
6874:31 July
6696:(ed.).
6617:20 July
6458:(ed.).
6267:Europe.
6210:Eastern
6065:Zavalje
6037:region)
6017:Crișana
6009:Partium
5971:Baranja
5967:Croatia
5949:except
5936:Hungary
5895:Suceava
5869:Silesia
5854:Croatia
5834:Italy (
5737:Silesia
5729:Moravia
5717:Galicia
5697:Bohemia
5669:Present
5521:in 1914
5511:in 1914
5501:in 1914
5432:Madeira
5396:admiral
5360:Trianon
5208:The SS
5100:(1910).
5086:Opatija
5027:Miskolc
4985:Cieszyn
4966:Ostrava
4958:Moravia
4949:(1904).
4913:Gödöllő
4905:Ráckeve
4806:Pozsony
4747:famines
4658:Economy
4624:Slovak
4600:German
4468:scholar
4366:Galicia
4361:shtetls
4345:pogroms
4313:Galicia
4303:in 1869
4279:poverty
4227:Romania
4215:Croatia
4199:Slovaks
4133:Galicia
3790:state.
3647:Dobruja
3639:Oltenia
3396:On the
3392:in 1915
3289:Germany
3221:Potsdam
3114:Prelude
2964:of the
2841:Tuscany
2822:Russian
2709:Economy
2620:Hungary
2041:Hungary
1925:Cricket
1605:Noricum
1562:Austria
1530:History
1524:Austria
1233:and in
1181:de jure
1057:or the
1014:Romania
926:Hungary
912:Austria
780:•
763:•
750:•
737:•
724:•
711:•
698:•
685:•
672:•
659:•
608:•
582:•
356:Yiddish
348:Italian
344:Slovene
336:Serbian
332:Bosnian
262:Hungary
252:Austria
241:Capital
227:Hungary
223:Austria
151:English
138:Anthem:
18506:Portal
18376:Dishes
18351:Cinema
18247:Health
18134:Energy
17943:Rivers
17850:Regent
17680:
17632:Uganda
17582:Malawi
17547:Guyana
17526:Ceylon
17505:Tahiti
17495:Rurutu
17450:Hawaii
17379:Serbia
17364:Saxony
17354:Russia
17239:Greece
17219:France
17209:Cyprus
17194:Crimea
17174:Bosnia
17149:Aragon
17137:Europe
17101:Taiwan
17071:Sikkim
17054:Ryukyu
17039:Najran
16937:Chehab
16917:Bengal
16866:Mexico
16851:Brazil
16778:Rwanda
16758:Maravi
16658:Ankole
16646:Africa
16638:Former
16619:Tuvalu
16562:Canada
16557:Belize
16501:Sweden
16491:Norway
16481:Monaco
16448:Europe
16401:Kuwait
16396:Jordan
16381:Brunei
16376:Bhutan
16328:Africa
16301:Sultan
16252:Titles
16166:Topics
16028:Portal
15933:Cinema
15804:Mining
15799:Energy
15660:States
15655:Rivers
15625:Cities
15474:Raetia
15424:
15265:Mongol
15250:German
15245:French
15235:Danish
15178:Dainam
15153:Tongan
15141:Somali
15136:Sokoto
15102:'Alawi
15080:Kalmyk
15060:Mongol
15053:Second
15033:Korean
14984:Mughal
14974:Indian
14957:German
14950:Second
14940:French
14933:Second
14869:Second
14841:Afghan
14833:Modern
14759:Kyrgyz
14754:Uighur
14749:Second
14729:Turkic
14697:Toltec
14633:Epirus
14618:Nicaea
14541:Mongol
14494:Yamato
14430:Huetar
14288:Second
14225:Rouran
14174:Shunga
14169:Maurya
14144:Kushan
14117:Median
14095:Hunnic
14053:Harsha
13491:Ritter
13435:(FML)
12679:(1918)
12554:Istria
11859:26 May
11847:
11812:
11784:online
11770:
11730:online
11711:197930
11709:
11674:online
11591:Online
11575:
11555:online
11545:
11514:
11493:
11472:
11459:online
11422:
11414:
11385:online
11364:
11356:
11325:
11272:
11241:(2016)
11185:online
11176:(1989)
11168:online
11129:ONLINE
11119:online
11109:online
11107:(2003)
11071:
11060:
11049:(2003)
11025:
11015:
10992:online
10982:online
10945:
10935:
10901:(1984)
10882:
10872:
10847:
10839:
10829:
10816:online
10800:
10792:
10775:
10767:
10703:
10680:
10653:
10622:
10543:
10524:
10507:
10488:
10471:
10461:
10418:4 June
10404:
10347:2 June
10265:". In
10253:
9987:
9780:
9763:
9742:
9695:
9671:
9531:
9448:
9406:
9267:
9177:
9059:, p. 5
8979:
8882:
8752:
8711:
8558:
8526:
8488:
8455:
8431:, 2007
8365:
8210:
8181:
8081:
8050:
8010:
7925:
7897:
7865:
7840:
7815:
7790:
7749:6 June
7734:
7724:
7665:
7604:
7559:
7530:
7430:
7405:
7364:
7325:
7258:
7229:
7204:
7001:
6925:
6917:
6909:
6771:
6744:online
6737:
6716:
6647:16 May
6580:
6416:Hebrew
6240:German
6027:Serbia
6019:, and
5951:Sopron
5809:Sopron
5775:; 18.
5767:: 16.
5751:, 15.
5747:, 14.
5743:, 13.
5741:Styria
5739:, 12.
5735:, 11.
5731:, 10.
5517:
5515:
5507:
5505:
5497:
5495:
5489:
5483:
5477:
5388:regent
5276:Honvéd
5240:Rijeka
5153:Danube
5126:UNESCO
5122:Line 1
5094:Zagreb
5090:Lovran
5073:(1913)
5067:Košice
5055:Szeged
5051:Oradea
5035:Sopron
4994:(1910)
4917:Csepel
4651:22.2%
4643:28.2%
4635:51.3%
4627:58.1%
4619:62.5%
4611:67.1%
4603:70.7%
4533:Kraków
4470:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4441:
4341:Nazism
4265:, the
4263:Istria
4223:Serbia
4207:Croats
4205:, and
4172:Pilsen
4168:Prague
4163:Czechs
4110:corpus
4092:as an
4051:Revúca
3971:, and
3918:Serbia
3899:German
3889:: the
3597:under
3535:Isonzo
3511:Trento
3126:, and
3063:Rudolf
3043:Serbia
2946:, and
2637:Topics
2032:on the
1955:Cinema
1909:Vienna
1899:Topics
1613:Raetia
1553:on the
1508:German
1402:k.u.k.
1331:German
1311:Kétsas
1301:) and
1277:) and
1225:German
1188:, the
1126:, and
1097:Russia
972:Poland
534:
492:
450:
414:Muslim
408:Jewish
388:76.6%
340:Slovak
320:Polish
287:German
275:Vienna
248:Vienna
233:(1908)
216:
214:
206:
204:
196:
194:
140:
69:
57:German
53:
18492:Index
18446:Sport
18436:Names
18431:Music
18426:Media
18391:Dance
18307:Women
18218:Crime
18115:Banks
17936:Lakes
17587:Malta
17577:Kenya
17552:India
17542:Ghana
17369:Savoy
17359:Samos
17274:Italy
17121:Yemen
17096:Tibet
17091:Syria
17044:Nepal
17019:Mahra
16999:Kumul
16994:Korea
16989:Khiva
16968:Qajar
16952:Hejaz
16942:China
16927:Burma
16856:Haiti
16846:Aztec
16763:Mwali
16753:Maore
16733:Libya
16728:Kongo
16723:Kaffa
16718:Gumma
16713:Gomma
16708:Ghana
16698:Egypt
16678:Bornu
16663:Aussa
16524:Tonga
16496:Spain
16416:Qatar
16391:Japan
16014:Index
15988:Sport
15973:Music
15963:Media
15910:Women
15860:Crime
15640:Lakes
15447:Celts
15315:Lists
15270:Omani
15240:Dutch
15146:Isaaq
15097:Saadi
15065:Oirat
15048:First
15016:Qajar
14945:First
14928:First
14901:China
14874:Third
14734:First
14687:Tikal
14638:Morea
14608:Roman
14526:Latin
14521:Khmer
14516:Kanem
14482:Buyid
14408:Zagwe
14403:Aksum
14393:Chola
14300:First
14283:First
14270:Bornu
14265:Benin
14260:Aztec
14198:Roman
14179:Gupta
14164:Nanda
14100:White
13713:VAdm
13707:VAdm
13701:VAdm
13695:VAdm
13656:VAdm
13650:VAdm
13644:VAdm
13638:VAdm
13479:Merkl
13472:Bauer
13331:Ranks
11845:S2CID
11768:S2CID
11707:JSTOR
11543:S2CID
11362:S2CID
11354:JSTOR
11281:(PDF)
11270:S2CID
11250:(PDF)
11216:5 May
11023:S2CID
10943:S2CID
10773:S2CID
10765:JSTOR
9998:(PDF)
9977:(PDF)
9296:(PDF)
9289:(PDF)
9186:PT196
9126:(PDF)
9119:(PDF)
8842:(PDF)
8831:(PDF)
8594:(PDF)
8587:(PDF)
7743:(PDF)
7732:S2CID
7704:. In
7702:(PDF)
7619:9 May
7613:(PDF)
7602:S2CID
7582:(PDF)
7238:Behr.
6923:S2CID
6915:JSTOR
6692:. In
6668:, p.
6518:6 May
6454:. In
6400:Rusyn
6396:'
6327:, p.
6206:Latin
6192:Notes
6077:Bihać
6042:Orava
6013:Banat
5979:Fiume
5906:Budva
5821:area)
5745:Tyrol
5727:, 9.
5723:, 8.
5719:, 7.
5715:, 6.
5711:, 5.
5707:, 4.
5703:, 3.
5699:, 2.
5695:: 1.
5189:Tisza
5078:Fiume
5047:Sibiu
4981:Opava
4954:Plzeň
4722:krone
4674:crown
4672:A 20-
4475:JSTOR
4461:books
4364:) in
4211:Serbs
4195:Banat
3591:Piave
3564:Carso
3438:Poles
3365:Corfu
3250:Italy
3197:MÁVAG
2729:Music
1965:Islam
1950:Music
1940:Radio
1664:Avars
1659:Suebi
1591:Celts
1458:M. k.
1454:) or
1442:K. u.
1424:) or
1412:K. k.
1289:) or
1028:Italy
841:Krone
412:1.3%
406:4.4%
400:8.7%
394:8.9%
368:Ladin
316:Czech
130:Latin
18369:Beer
18362:Wine
18287:LGBT
18081:list
18067:list
17862:Flag
17835:King
17532:Fiji
17086:Sulu
17065:Shan
17009:Laos
16974:Iraq
16964:Iran
16932:Cebu
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