Austria-Hungary - Knowledge

4555:. Since the Poles were at first unyielding, Ruthenian demonstrations and strikes of students arose, and the Ruthenians were no longer content with the reversion of a few separate professorial chairs, and with parallel courses of lectures. By a pact concluded on 28 January 1914 the Poles promised a Ruthenian university; but owing to the war the question lapsed. The Italians could hardly claim a university of their own on grounds of population (in 1910 they numbered 783,000), but they claimed it all the more on grounds of their ancient culture. All parties were agreed that an Italian faculty of laws should be created; the difficulty lay in the choice of the place. The Italians demanded Trieste; but the Government was afraid to let this Adriatic port become the centre of an irredenta; moreover the Southern Slavs of the city wished it kept free from an Italian educational establishment. Bienerth in 1910 brought about a compromise; namely, that it should be founded at once, the situation to be provisionally in Vienna, and to be transferred within four years to Italian national territory. The German National Union (Nationalverband) agreed to extend temporary hospitality to the Italian university in Vienna, but the Southern Slav Hochschule Club demanded a guarantee that a later transfer to the coast provinces should not be contemplated, together with the simultaneous foundation of Slovene professorial chairs in Prague and Cracow, and preliminary steps towards the foundation of a Southern Slav university in Laibach. But in spite of the constant renewal of negotiations for a compromise it was impossible to arrive at any agreement, until the outbreak of war left all the projects for a Ruthenian university at Lemberg, a Slovene one in Laibach, and a second Czech one in Moravia, unrealized. 4583:

after a half millennium in 1912. They had four faculties: theology, law, philosophy and medicine (the university at Zagreb was without a faculty of medicine). There were in addition ten high schools of law, called academies, which in 1900 were attended by 1,569 pupils. The Polytechnicum in Budapest, founded in 1844, which contained four faculties and was attended in 1900 by 1,772 pupils, was also considered a high school. There were in Hungary in 1900 forty-nine theological colleges, twenty-nine Catholic, five Greek Uniat, four Greek Orthodox, ten Protestant and one Jewish. Among special schools the principal mining schools were at Selmeczbánya, Nagyág and Felsőbánya; the principal agricultural colleges at Debreczen and Kolozsvár; and there was a school of forestry at Selmeczbánya, military colleges at Budapest, Kassa, Déva and Zagreb, and a naval school at Fiume. There were in addition a number of training institutes for teachers and a large number of schools of commerce, several art schools – for design, painting, sculpture, and music.

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Meanwhile, economic conditions on the homefront deteriorated rapidly. The Empire depended on agriculture, and agriculture depended on the heavy labor of millions of men who were now in the Army. Food production fell, the transportation system became overcrowded, and industrial production could not successfully handle the overwhelming need for munitions. Germany provided a great deal of help, but it was not enough. Furthermore, the political instability of the multiple ethnic groups of Empire now ripped apart any hope for national consensus in support of the war. Increasingly there was a demand for breaking up the Empire and setting up autonomous national states based on historic language-based cultures. The new Emperor sought peace terms from the Allies, but his initiatives were vetoed by Italy.

4720:(Bank of issue) was founded as Austrian National Bank in 1816. In 1878, it transformed into Austro-Hungarian National Bank with principal offices in both Vienna and Budapest. The central bank was governed by alternating Austrian or Hungarian governors and vice-governors. Austria-Hungary also became the world's third-largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, electric industrial appliances, and power generation apparatus for power plants, after the United States and the German Empire, and it constructed Europe's second-largest railway network, after the German Empire. In 2000, a study estimated that GDP in constant national prices in 1913 was 19,140.8 million for Cisleithania and 10,971.6 million for Transleithania, a combined 30,112.4 million 4740:

considerably, as sustained modernization had begun much later. Like the German Empire, that of Austria–Hungary frequently employed liberal economic policies and practices. In 1873, the old Hungarian capital Buda and Óbuda (Ancient Buda) were officially merged with the third city, Pest, thus creating the new metropolis of Budapest. The dynamic Pest grew into Hungary's administrative, political, economic, trade and cultural hub. Many of the state institutions and the modern administrative system of Hungary were established during this period. Economic growth centered on Vienna and Budapest, the Austrian lands (areas of modern Austria), the Alpine region and the Bohemian lands. In the later years of the 19th century, rapid economic growth spread to the central

4376:. Jews accounted for 54% of commercial business owners, 85% of financial institution directors and owners in banking, and 62% of all employees in commerce, 20% of all general grammar school students, and 37% of all commercial scientific grammar school students, 31.9% of all engineering students, and 34.1% of all students in human faculties of the universities. Jews accounted for 48.5% of all physicians, and 49.4% of all lawyers/jurists in Hungary. Note: The numbers of Jews were reconstructed from religious censuses. They did not include the people of Jewish origin who had converted to Christianity, or the number of atheists. Among many Hungarian parliament members of Jewish origin, the most famous Jewish members in Hungarian political life were 5217: 4372:. Of the pre-World War I military forces of the major European powers, the Austro-Hungarian army was almost alone in its regular promotion of Jews to positions of command. While the Jewish population of the lands of the Dual Monarchy was about 5%, Jews made up nearly 18% of the reserve officer corps. Thanks to the modernity of the constitution and to the benevolence of emperor Franz Joseph, the Austrian Jews came to regard the era of Austria–Hungary as a golden era of their history. By 1910 about 900,000 religious Jews made up approximately 5% of the population of Hungary and about 23% of Budapest's citizenry. In the Austro-Hungarian Empire the generally fiercely patriotic Hungarian Jews were securing the tenuous Hungarian majority in the 3271: 4892:. In 1890 most large Hungarian private railway companies were nationalized as a consequence of the poor management of private companies, except the strong Austrian-owned Kaschau-Oderberg Railway (KsOd) and the Austrian-Hungarian Southern Railway (SB/DV). They also joined the zone tariff system of the MÁV (Hungarian State Railways). By 1910, the total length of the rail networks of Hungarian Kingdom reached 22,869 kilometres (14,210 miles), the Hungarian network linked more than 1,490 settlements. Nearly half (52%) of the empire's railways were built in Hungary, thus the railroad density there became higher than that of Cisleithania. This has ranked Hungarian railways the 6th most dense in the world (ahead of Germany and France). 5110: 2050: 3181: 3978: 4829:

widespread in post offices and railway stations. Austria–Hungary had 568 million telephone calls in 1913; only two Western European countries had more phone calls: the German Empire and the United Kingdom. The Austro-Hungarian Empire was followed by France with 396 million telephone calls and Italy with 230 million phone calls. In 1916, there were 366 million telephone calls in Cisleithania, among them 8.4 million long distant calls. All telephone exchanges of the cities, towns and larger villages in Transleithania were linked until 1893. By 1914, more than 2000 settlements had telephone exchange in Kingdom of Hungary.

4579:. None of these medieval universities survived the Ottoman wars. Nagyszombat University was founded in 1635 and moved to Buda in 1777 and it is called Eötvös Loránd University today. The world's first institute of technology was founded in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary (since 1920 Banská Štiavnica, now Slovakia) in 1735. Its legal successor is the University of Miskolc in Hungary. The Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) is considered the oldest institute of technology in the world with university rank and structure. Its legal predecessor the Institutum Geometrico-Hydrotechnicum was founded in 1782 by Emperor Joseph II. 4838: 93: 3717: 13290: 3386: 1006: 5284:

on by the Austrian and Hungarian parliaments and was generally determined on the basis of the population, according to the last census returns. It amounted in 1905 to 103,100 men, of which Austria furnished 59,211 men, and Hungary 43,889. Besides 10,000 men were annually allotted to the Austrian Landwehr, and 12,500 to the Hungarian Honved. The term of service was two years (three years in the cavalry) with the colours, seven or eight in the reserve and two in the Landwehr; in the case of men not drafted to the active army the same total period of service was spent in various special reserves.

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the army had become commonplace. As the war went on, the ethnic unity declined; the Allies encouraged breakaway demands from minorities and the Empire faced disintegration. With apparent Allied victory approaching, nationalist movements seized ethnic resentment to erode social unity. The military breakdown of the Italian front marked the start of the rebellion for the numerous ethnicities who made up the multiethnic Empire, as they refused to keep on fighting for a cause that now appeared senseless. The Emperor had lost much of his power to rule, as his realm disintegrated.

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prompted the development of the Austrian merchant marine. By 1913, the commercial marine of Austria, comprised 16,764 vessels with a tonnage of 471,252, and crews number-ing 45,567. Of the total (1913) 394 of 422,368 tons were steamers, and 16,370 of 48,884 tons were sailing vessels The Austrian Lloyd was one of the biggest ocean shipping companies of the time. Prior to the beginning of World War I, the company owned 65 middle-sized and large steamers. The Austro-Americana owned one third of this number, including the biggest Austrian passenger ship, the SS

4289: 3821: 4308: 1571: 4564: 875: 13299: 5464: 3798:, concluded that Karl's position was untenable. Lammasch persuaded Karl that the best course was to relinquish, at least temporarily, his right to exercise sovereign authority. On 11 November, Karl issued a carefully worded proclamation in which he recognized the Austrian people's right to determine the form of the state and "relinquish(ed) every participation" in Austrian state affairs. On the day after he announced his withdrawal from Austrian politics, the German-Austrian National Council proclaimed the 4868: 4681: 3829: 1213: 5681: 3359:. The invasion of Serbia in 1914 was a disaster: by the end of the year, the Austro-Hungarian Army had taken no territory, but had lost 227,000 out of a total force of 450,000 men. However, in the autumn of 1915, the Serbian Army was defeated by the Central Powers, which led to the occupation of Serbia. Near the end of 1915, in a massive rescue operation involving more than 1,000 trips made by Italian, French and British steamers, 260,000 Serb surviving soldiers were transported to 5205: 3986: 3009:

Bosnia and Herzegovina, a predominantly Slavic area. Austria occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina as a way of gaining power in the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania became fully independent. Nonetheless, the Balkans remained a site of political unrest with teeming ambition for independence and great power rivalries. At the Congress of Berlin in 1878 Gyula Andrássy (Minister of Foreign Affairs) managed to force Russia to retreat from further demands in the Balkans. As a result,

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removed the pro-German officials and opened peace overtures to the Allies, whereby the entire war could be ended by compromise, or perhaps Austria would make a separate peace from Germany. The main effort was vetoed by Italy, which had been promised large slices of Austria for joining the Allies in 1915. Austria was only willing to turn over the Trentino region but nothing more. Karl was seen as a defeatist, which weakened his standing at home and with both the Allies and

3193: 2953: 13307: 3506: 5314: 2758: 1983: 10250: 3994: 1020: 964: 5448: 4410: 3425:, recognizing the numerical inferiority of the Austro-Hungarian army. By the end of September 1916, Austria–Hungary mobilized and concentrated new divisions, and the successful Russian advance was halted and slowly repelled; but the Austrian armies took heavy losses (about 1 million men) and never recovered. Nevertheless, the huge losses in men and material inflicted on the Russians during the offensive contributed greatly to the 3092:

Bulgarians, who turned instead to Russia and Serbia. Although Austria had no intention to embark on additional expansion to the south, Aehrenthal encouraged speculation to that effect, expecting that it would paralyze the Balkan states. Instead, it incited them to feverish activity to create a defensive block to stop Austria. A series of grave miscalculations at the highest level thus significantly strengthened Austria's enemies.

8425:"The kingdom of Hungary desired equal status with the Austrian empire, which was weakened by its defeat in the German (Austro-Prussian) War of 1866. The Austrian emperor Francis Joseph gave Hungary full internal autonomy, together with a responsible ministry, and in return it agreed that the empire should still be a single great state for purposes of war and foreign affairs, thus maintaining its dynastic prestige abroad." 2884: 3367:, where they waited for the chance of the victory of Allied Powers to reclaim their country. Corfu hosted the Serbian government in exile after the collapse of Serbia and served as a supply base to the Greek front. In April 1916 a large number of Serbian troops were transported in British and French naval vessels from Corfu to mainland Greece. The contingent numbering over 120,000 relieved a much smaller army at the 4073: 1130:. Following the 1867 reforms, the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power. The two countries conducted unified diplomatic and defence policies. For these purposes, "common" ministries of foreign affairs and defence were maintained under the monarch's direct authority, as was a third finance ministry responsible only for financing the two "common" portfolios. A third component of the union was the 4669: 2930:

Slavs and Orthodox Christians. Austria envisioned a multi-ethnic, religiously diverse empire under Vienna's control. Count Gyula Andrássy, a Hungarian who was Foreign Minister (1871–1879), made the centerpiece of his policy one of opposition to Russian expansion in the Balkans and blocking Serbian ambitions to dominate a new South Slav federation. He wanted Germany to ally with Austria, not Russia.]

5362:(between the victors and Hungary) regulated the new borders of Austria and Hungary, reducing them to small-sized and landlocked states. In regard to areas without a decisive national majority, the Entente powers ruled in many cases in favour of the newly emancipated independent nation-states, enabling them to claim vast territories containing sizeable German- and Hungarian-speaking populations. The 4269:, a small ethnic group composed by around 2,600 people in the 1880s, suffered severe discrimination. The Croats of the region, who formed the majority, tried to assimilate them, while the Italian minority supported them in their requests for self-determination. In 1888, the possibility of opening the first school for the Istro-Romanians teaching in the Romanian language was discussed in the 11068: 3341:" of army deserters formed armed bands in the hills of Croatia-Slavonia and civil authority disintegrated. By late October violence and massive looting erupted and there were efforts to form peasant republics. However, the Croatian political leadership was focused on creating a new state (Yugoslavia) and worked with the advancing Serbian army to impose control and end the uprisings. 3690:, had decisive influence over the internal and external affairs of the monarchy. By late 1916, food supply from Hungary became intermittent and the government sought an armistice with the Entente powers. However, this failed as Britain and France no longer had any regard for the integrity of the monarchy because of Austro-Hungarian support for Germany. 4045:

deputies demanded it). Beginning with the 1879 Primary Education Act and the 1883 Secondary Education Act, the Hungarian state made more efforts to reduce the use of non-Magyar languages, in strong violation of the 1868 Nationalities Law. After 1875, all Slovak language schools higher than elementary were closed, including the only three high schools

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Bohemia and Moravia a separation into German and Czech ones. Thus Germans, Czechs and Poles were provided for. But now the smaller nations also made their voices heard: the Ruthenians, Slovenes and Italians. The Ruthenians demanded at first, in view of the predominantly Ruthenian character of rural East Galicia, a national partition of the Polish

5124:(originally the "Franz Joseph Underground Electric Railway Company") is the second oldest underground railway in the world (the first being the London Underground's Metropolitan Line and the third being Glasgow), and the first on the European mainland. It was built from 1894 to 1896 and opened on 2 May 1896. In 2002, it was listed as a 160: 5242:, today part of Croatia), where the Hungarian shipping companies, such as the Adria, operated. The commercial marine of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1913 comprised 545 vessels of 144,433 tons, and crews numbering 3,217. Of the total number of vessels 134,000 of 142,539 tons were steamers, and 411 of 1,894 tons were sailing vessels. 3928:

of 1867, in which common expenditures were allocated 70% to Austria and 30% to Hungary. This division had to be renegotiated every ten years. There was political turmoil during the build-up to each renewal of the agreement. By 1907, the Hungarian share had risen to 36.4%. The disputes culminated in the early 1900s in a prolonged

5235:. In comparison to the Austrian Lloyd, the Austro-American concentrated on destinations in North and South America. The Austro-Hungarian Navy became much more significant than previously, as industrialization provided sufficient revenues to develop it. Pola (Pula, today part of Croatia) was especially significant for the navy. 4009:

the Habsburg Dynasty in 1867, one of the first acts of its restored Parliament was to pass a Law on Nationalities (Act Number XLIV of 1868). It was a liberal piece of legislation and offered extensive language and cultural rights. It did not recognize non-Hungarians to have rights to form states with any territorial autonomy.

159: 4849:(Telephone Herald) news and entertainment service was introduced in Budapest in 1893. Two decades before the introduction of radio broadcasting, people could listen to political, economic and sports news, cabaret, music and opera in Budapest daily. It operated over a special type of telephone exchange system. 163: 162: 161: 164: 4158:, the Austrians responded to Hungarian support of Czechs by supporting the Croatian national movement in Zagreb. In recognition that he reigned in a multi-ethnic country, Emperor Franz Joseph spoke (and used) German, Hungarian and Czech fluently, and Croatian, Serbian, Polish and Italian to some degree. 3014:

Mediterranean Entente, with Britain and Italy in 1887 and concluded mutual defence pacts with Germany in 1879 and Romania in 1883 against a possible Russian attack. Following the Congress of Berlin the European powers attempted to guarantee stability through a complex series of alliances and treaties.

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The common minister of war was the head for the administration of all military affairs, except those of the Austrian Landwehr and of the Hungarian Honved, which were committed to the ministries for national defence of the two respective states. But the supreme command of the army was nominally vested

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or levy-en masse. As stated above, the common army stood under the administration of the joint minister of war, while the special armies were under the administration of the respective ministries of national defence. The yearly contingent of recruits for the army was fixed by the military bills voted

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The implementation of this principle led to several disputes, as it was not clear which languages could be regarded as "customary". The Germans, the traditional bureaucratic, capitalist and cultural elite, demanded the recognition of their language as a customary language in every part of the empire.

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During the Italian battles, the Czechoslovaks and Southern Slavs declared their independence. With defeat in the war imminent after the Italian offensive in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto on 24 October, Czech politicians peacefully took over command in Prague on 28 October (later declared the birth of

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The setbacks that the Austrian army suffered in 1914 and 1915 can be attributed to a large extent by the incompetence of the Austrian high command. After attacking Serbia, its forces soon had to be withdrawn to protect its eastern frontier against Russia's invasion, while German units were engaged in

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started as a minor German offensive to relieve the pressure of the Russian numerical superiority on the Austro-Hungarians, but the cooperation of the Central Powers resulted in huge Russian losses and the total collapse of the Russian lines and their 100 km (62 mi) long retreat into Russia.

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On the home front, food grew scarcer and scarcer, as did heating fuel. Hungary, with its heavy agricultural base, was somewhat better fed. The Army conquered productive agricultural areas in Romania and elsewhere, but refused to allow food shipments to civilians back home. Morale fell every year, and

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referred to the violence as the "Sarajevo frenzy of hate." Violent actions against ethnic Serbs were organized not only in Sarajevo but also in many other larger Austro-Hungarian cities in modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Austro-Hungarian authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina imprisoned

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A proclamation issued on the occasion of its annexation to the Habsburg monarchy in October 1908 promised these lands constitutional institutions, which should secure to their inhabitants full civil rights and a share in the management of their own affairs by means of a local representative assembly.

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of 1526, the Habsburg Empire became more involved in the Kingdom of Hungary, and subsequently assumed the Hungarian throne. However, as the Ottomans expanded further into Hungary, the Habsburgs came to control only a small north-western portion of the former kingdom's territory. Eventually, following

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only Germany had more extended railway network (63,378 km, 39,381 mi); the Austro-Hungarian Empire was followed by France (40,770 km, 25,330 mi), the United Kingdom (32,623 km, 20,271 mi), Italy (18,873 km, 11,727 mi) and Spain (15,088 km, 9,375 mi).

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After being forced out of Germany and Italy, the Dual Monarchy turned to the Balkans, which were in tumult as nationalistic movements were gaining strength and demanding independence. Both Russia and Austria–Hungary saw an opportunity to expand in this region. Russia took on the role of protector of

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The most important seaport was Trieste (today part of Italy), where the Austrian merchant marine was based. Two major shipping companies (Austrian Lloyd and Austro-Americana) and several shipyards were located there. From 1815 to 1866, Venice had been part of the Habsburg empire. The loss of Venice

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was opened in Zagreb (8 January 1881), the second was in Budapest (1 May 1881), and the third was opened in Vienna (3 June 1881). Initially telephony was available in the homes of individual subscribers, companies and offices. Public telephone stations appeared in the 1890s, and they quickly became

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per capita grew roughly 1.76% per year from 1870 to 1913. That level of growth compared very favorably to that of other European nations such as Britain (1%), France (1.06%), and Germany (1.51%). However, in a comparison with Germany and Britain, the Austro-Hungarian economy as a whole still lagged

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The high schools included the universities, of which Hungary possessed five, all maintained by the state: at Budapest (founded in 1635), at Kolozsvár (founded in 1872), and at Zagreb (founded in 1874). Newer universities were established in Debrecen in 1912, and Pozsony university was reestablished

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had lived primarily in Bohemia since the 6th century and German immigrants had begun settling the Bohemian periphery in the 13th century. The constitution of 1627 made the German language a second official language and equal to Czech. German speakers lost their majority in the Bohemian Diet in 1880

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In July 1849, the Hungarian Revolutionary Parliament proclaimed and enacted ethnic and minority rights (the next such laws were in Switzerland), but these were overturned after the Russian and Austrian armies crushed the Hungarian Revolution. After the Kingdom of Hungary reached the Compromise with

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Relations during the half-century after 1867 between the two parts of the dual monarchy featured repeated disputes over shared external tariff arrangements and over the financial contribution of each government to the common treasury. These matters were determined by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise

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favorably; on the other hand, by 1916 the general belief in Germany was that Germany, in its alliance with Austria–Hungary, was "shackled to a corpse". The operational capability of the Austro-Hungarian army was seriously affected by supply shortages, low morale and a high casualty rate, and by the

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organizations sent aid to the Balkan rebels and so pressured the tsar's government to declare war on the Ottoman Empire in 1877 in the name of protecting Orthodox Christians. Unable to mediate between the Ottoman Empire and Russia over the control of Serbia, Austria–Hungary declared neutrality when

5264:(1817–1895), an old-fashioned bureaucrat who opposed modernization. The military system of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy was similar in both states, and rested since 1868 upon the principle of the universal and personal obligation of the citizen to bear arms. Its military force was composed of the 5195:

After several small-scale attempts, István Széchenyi organised the "regulation of the Tisza" (Hungarian: a Tisza szabályozása) which started on 27 August 1846, and substantially ended in 1880. The new length of the river in Hungary was 966 km (600 mi) (1,358 km (844 mi) total),

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The higher educational institutions were predominantly German, but beginning in the 1870s, language shifts began to occur. These establishments, which in the middle of the 19th century had had a predominantly German character, underwent in Galicia a conversion into Polish national institutions, in

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By 1918, the economic situation had deteriorated and governmental failure on the homefront ended popular support for the war. The Austro-Hungarian monarchy collapsed with dramatic speed in the autumn of 1918. Leftist and pacifist political movements organized strikes in factories, and uprisings in

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The heavily rural Empire did have a small industrial base, but its major contribution was manpower and food. Nevertheless, Austria–Hungary was more urbanized (25%) than its actual opponents in the First World War, like the Russian Empire (13.4%), Serbia (13.2%) or Romania (18.8%). Furthermore, the

5422:", which both dethroned the Habsburgs and banished all Habsburgs from Austrian territory. While Karl was banned from ever returning to Austria again, other Habsburgs could return if they gave up all claims to the defunct throne. In March and again in October 1921, ill-prepared attempts by Karl to 4744:

and to the Carpathian lands. As a result, wide disparities of development existed within the empire. In general, the western areas became more developed than the eastern ones. The Kingdom of Hungary became the world's second-largest flour exporter after the United States. The large Hungarian food

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Hungary's leaders were generally less willing than their Austrian counterparts to share power with their subject minorities, but they granted a large measure of autonomy to Croatia in 1868. To some extent, they modeled their relationship to that kingdom on their own compromise with Austria of the

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The Austro-Hungarian Empire played a relatively passive diplomatic role in the war, as it was increasingly dominated and controlled by Germany. The only goal was to punish Serbia and try to stop the ethnic breakup of the Empire, and it completely failed. Starting in late 1916 the new Emperor Karl

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river in Hungary used to be 1,419 kilometres (882 miles). It flowed through the Great Hungarian Plain, which is one of the largest flat areas in central Europe. Since plains can cause a river to flow very slowly, the Tisza used to follow a path with many curves and turns, which led to many large

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The Hungarian Minority Act of 1868 gave the minorities (Slovaks, Romanians, Serbs, et al.) individual (but not also communal) rights to use their language in offices, schools (although in practice often only in those founded by them and not by the state), courts and municipalities (if 20% of the

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Although the Kingdom of Hungary comprised only 42% of the population of Austria–Hungary, the thin majority – more than 3.8 million soldiers – of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces were conscripted from the Kingdom of Hungary during the First World War. Roughly 600,000 soldiers were killed in

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as Supreme Army Commander (Armeeoberkommandant), but asked him to give Von Hötzendorf freedom to take any decisions. Von Hötzendorf remained in effective command of the military forces until Emperor Karl I took the supreme command himself in late 1916 and dismissed Conrad von Hötzendorf in 1917.

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Over the course of July and August 1914, these events caused the start of World War I, as Russia mobilized in support of Serbia, setting off a series of counter-mobilizations. In support of his German ally, on Thursday, 6 August 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph signed the declaration of war on Russia.

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The Congress of Berlin rolled back the Russian victory by partitioning the large Bulgarian state that Russia had carved out of Ottoman territory and denying any part of Bulgaria full independence from the Ottomans. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 let Austria occupy (but not annex) the province of

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lost roughly 60% of the old Austrian Empire's territory. It also had to drop its plans for union with Germany, as it was not allowed to unite with Germany without League approval. Hungary, however, was severely disrupted by the loss of 72% of its territory, 64% of its population and most of its

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on 31 October. Charles was all but forced to appoint Károlyi as his Hungarian prime minister. One of Károlyi's first acts was to formally repudiate the compromise agreement on 31 October, effectively terminating the personal union with Austria and thus officially dissolving the Austro-Hungarian

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In the last two years of the war the Austro-Hungarian armed forces lost all ability to act independently of Germany. As of 7 September 1916, the German emperor was given full control of all the armed forces of the Central Powers and Austria-Hungary effectively became a satellite of Germany. The

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fighting on the Western Front. This resulted in a greater than expected loss of men in the invasion of Serbia. Furthermore, it became evident that the Austrian high command had had no plans for possible continental war and that the army and navy were also ill-equipped to handle such a conflict.

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crossed the borders of Eastern Hungary (Transylvania), and despite initial successes, by November 1916, the Central Powers formed by the Austro-Hungarian, German, Bulgarian, and Ottoman armies, had defeated the Romanian and Russian armies of the Entente Powers, and occupied the southern part of

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Aehrenthal had started with the assumption that the Slavic minorities could never come together, and the Balkan League would never cause any damage to Austria. He turned down an Ottoman proposal for an alliance that would include Austria, Turkey, and Romania. However, his policies alienated the

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Language was, as a proxy for ethnicity, one of the most contentious issues in Austro-Hungarian politics. All governments faced difficult and divisive hurdles in deciding on the languages of government and of instruction. The minorities sought the widest opportunities for education in their own

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Inflation soared, from an index of 129 in 1914 to 1589 in 1918, wiping out the cash savings of the middle-class. In terms of war damage to the economy, the war used up about 20 percent of the GDP. The dead soldiers amounted to about four percent of the 1914 labor force, and the wounded ones to

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was broken up and Serbian independence was guaranteed. In that year, with Britain's support, Austria–Hungary stationed troops in Bosnia to prevent the Russians from expanding into nearby Serbia. In another measure to keep the Russians out of the Balkans, Austria–Hungary formed an alliance, the

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Austria subsequently joined a telegraph union with German states. In the Kingdom of Hungary, 2,406 telegraph post offices operated in 1884. By 1914 the number of telegraph offices reached 3,000 in post offices and further 2,400 were installed in the railway stations of the Kingdom of Hungary.

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appeared in the first half of the 19th century. Between the 1850s and 1880s many were built : Vienna (1865), Budapest (1866), Brno (1869), Trieste (1876). Steam trams appeared in the late 1860s. The electrification of tramways started in the late 1880s. The first electrified tramway in

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In May 1915, Italy attacked Austria–Hungary. Italy was the only military opponent of Austria–Hungary which had a similar degree of industrialization and economic level; moreover, her army was numerous (≈1,000,000 men were immediately fielded), but suffered from poor leadership, training and

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exports were not limited to neighbouring Germany and Italy: Hungary became the most important foreign food supplier of the large cities and industrial centres of the United Kingdom. Galicia, which has been described as the poorest province of Austro-Hungary, experienced near-constant

5175:, Hungary's "Iron Minister", succeeded in financing this project. The riverbed rocks and the associated rapids made the gorge valley an infamous passage for shipping. In German, the passage is still known as the Kataraktenstrecke, even though the cataracts are gone. Near the actual " 3088:. Both were motivated by political ambition; the first would emerge successful, and the latter would be broken by the crisis. Along the way, they would drag Europe to the brink of war in 1909. They would also divide Europe into the two armed camps that would go to war in July 1914. 9477: 3878:, foreign policy and the imperial household, and the customs union. Although the two halves shared a common monarch and both foreign relations and defense were managed jointly, all other state functions were to be handled separately as there was no common citizenship. 3421:

The Russian Third Army perished. In summer 1915, the Austro-Hungarian Army, under a unified command with the Germans, participated in the successful Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive. From June 1916, the Russians focused their attacks on the Austro-Hungarian army in the

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with 589 km (366 mi) of "dead channels" and 136 km (85 mi) of new riverbed. The resultant length of the flood-protected river comprises 2,940 km (1,830 mi) (out of 4,220 km (2,620 mi) of all Hungarian protected rivers).

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Milestone due to the radically new innovations in its era: "Among the railway's innovative elements were bidirectional tram cars; electric lighting in the subway stations and tram cars; and an overhead wire structure instead of a third-rail system for power".

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The government of Austria, which had ruled the monarchy until 1867, became the government of the Austrian part, and another government was formed for the Hungarian part. The common government (officially designated Ministerial Council for Common Affairs, or

3685:

Austria–Hungary held on for years, as the Hungarian half provided sufficient supplies for the military to continue to wage war. This was shown in a transition of power after which the Hungarian prime minister, Count István Tisza, and foreign minister, Count

2996:

This treaty sparked an international uproar that almost resulted in a general European war. Austria–Hungary and Britain feared that a large Bulgaria would become a Russian satellite that would enable the tsar to dominate the Balkans. British prime minister

3745:

and two days later Emperor Karl I issued a proclamation ("Imperial Manifesto of 16 October 1918") altering the empire into a federal union to give ethnic groups decentralization and representation. However, on 18 October, United States Secretary of State

2870:

started to negotiate the new laws to be accepted on 30 March. However, Hungarian leaders received word that the Emperor's formal coronation as King of Hungary on 8 June had to have taken place in order for the laws to be enacted within the lands of the

7237:

He was photographed on the way to the station and the photograph has been reproduced many times in books and articles, claiming to depict the arrest of Gavrilo Princip. But there is no photograph of Gavro's arrest – this photograph shows the arrest of

7449:

Ladislaus Count von Szögyény-Marich (Berlin) to Leopold Count von Berchtold (5 July 1914), in Ludwig Bittner, et al., eds., Österreich-Ungarns Aussenpolitik von der Bosnischen Krise 1908 bis zum Kriegsausbruch 1914 . 8 vols, Vienna, 1930, vol. 8, no.

4774:, led to an even more rapid economic growth throughout Austria–Hungary by the early 20th century. However, since the turn of the twentieth century, the Austrian half of the Monarchy could preserve its dominance within the empire in the sectors of the 3793:

By the end of October, there was nothing left of the Habsburg realm but its majority-German Danubian and Alpine provinces, and Karl's authority was being challenged even there by the German-Austrian state council. Karl's last Austrian prime minister,

4026:") in school, office and public life, is recognized by the state. In those territories in which several races dwell, the public and educational institutions are to be so arranged that, without applying compulsion to learn a second country language (" 3056:

rather than attaching it to either territorial government. The annexation in 1908 led some in Vienna to contemplate combining Bosnia and Herzegovina with Croatia to form a third Slavic component of the monarchy. The deaths of Franz Joseph's brother,

5430:, refused his cooperation. Soon afterward, the Hungarian government nullified the Pragmatic Sanction, effectively dethroning the Habsburgs. Subsequently, the British took custody of Karl and removed him and his family to the Portuguese island of 6266:

is not firmly defined, and depending on the interpretation, some territories may be included or excluded from it; this holds for parts of Austria–Hungary as well, although the historical interpretation clearly places the monarchy in Central

9802:

Tramways in Poland (including Galicia), Book: Arkadiusz Kołoś, Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej: Rozwój przestrzenny a współczesne funkcjonowanie miejskiego transportu szynowego w Polsce (page:

3244:, expecting Serbia would never accept. When Serbia accepted nine of the ten demands but only partially accepted the remaining one, Austria–Hungary declared war. Franz Joseph I finally followed the urgent counsel of his top advisers. 157: 11593: 5784:

The following present-day countries and parts of countries were within the boundaries of Austria–Hungary when the empire was dissolved. Some other provinces of Europe had been part of the Habsburg monarchy at one time before 1867.

3601:

was formed. Italy also enjoyed support by the Entente powers: by 1918, large amounts of war materials and a few auxiliary American, British, and French divisions arrived in the Italian battle zone. Cadorna was replaced by General

4765:

became predominant within the empire and made up a large proportion of the export to the rest of Europe. Meanwhile, western areas, concentrated mainly around Prague and Vienna, excelled in various manufacturing industries. This

158: 3305:

The Austro-Hungarian Empire conscripted 7.8 million soldiers during WWI. General von Hötzendorf was the Chief of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff. Franz Joseph I, who was much too old to command the army, appointed

3936:

units and deepened by the advent to power in Budapest in April 1906 of a Hungarian nationalist coalition. Provisional renewals of the common arrangements occurred in October 1907 and in November 1917 on the basis of the

4756:

However, by the end of the 19th century, economic differences gradually began to even out as economic growth in the eastern parts of the monarchy consistently surpassed that in the western. The strong agriculture and

3661:. In 1917, after several defensive victories (managing to stop the German-Austro-Hungarian advance), with Russia's withdrawal from the war following the October Revolution, Romania was forced to drop out of the war. 3158:, excessively intensified the existing traditional religion-based ethnic hostilities in Bosnia. However, in Sarajevo itself, Austrian authorities encouraged violence against the Serb residents, which resulted in the 12763: 5179:" strait the Prigrada rock was the most important obstacle until 1896: the river widened considerably here and the water level was consequently low. Upstream, the Greben rock near the "Kazan" gorge was notorious. 7340:... Andric describes the "Sarajevo frenzy of hate" that erupted among Muslims, Catholics, and Orthodox believers following the assassination on June 28, 1914, of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo ... 1219:: 5 corona, 1908 – the bust of Franz Joseph I facing right surrounded by the legend "Franciscus Iosephus I, Dei gratia, imperator Austriae, rex Bohemiae, Galiciae, Illyriae et cetera et apostolicus rex Hungariae" 9385:

Commercial Relations of the United States: Reports from the Consuls of the United States on the Commerce, Manufactures, Etc., of Their Consular Districts. Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1881 (page:

3766:

Czechoslovakia) and followed up in other major cities in the next few days. On 30 October, the Slovaks did the same. On 29 October, the Slavs in both portions of what remained of Austria–Hungary proclaimed the

3231:

His Majesty authorized me to report to that in this case, too, we could count on Germany's full support. As mentioned, he first had to consult with the Chancellor, but he did not have the slightest doubt that

2855:(of which the Habsburg emperor was the hereditary president) and the exclusion of Austria from German affairs. These twin defeats gave the Hungarians the opportunity to remove the shackles of absolutist rule. 5212:(12,567 t) of the Austro-Americana company was the largest passenger ship ever built in Austria. Because of its control over the coast of much of the Balkans, Austria–Hungary had access to several seaports. 9758:

István Tisza and László Kovács: A magyar állami, magán- és helyiérdekű vasúttársaságok fejlődése 1876–1900 között, Magyar Vasúttörténet 2. kötet. Budapest: Közlekedési Dokumentációs Kft., 58–59, 83–84. o.

9340:

Schulze, Max-Stephan. Patterns of growth and stagnation in the late nineteenth century Habsburg economy, pp. 337-338. European Review of Economic History. 2000;4(3):311-340. doi:10.1017/S1361491600000095

2824:

military assistance, and the level of autonomy that the Hungarian state had enjoyed was replaced with absolutist rule from Vienna. This further increased Hungarian resentment of the Habsburg dominion.

7634:

Keleher, Edward P. (1992). "Emperor Karl and the Sixtus Affair: Politico-Nationalist Repercussions in the Reich German and Austro-German Camps, and the Disintegration of Habsburg Austria, 1916–1918".

3240:

The leaders of Austria–Hungary therefore decided to confront Serbia militarily before it could incite a revolt; using the assassination as an excuse, they presented a list of ten demands called the

12778: 12773: 12768: 12758: 11557: 5288:

in the monarch, who had the power to take all measures regarding the whole army. In practice, the emperor's nephew Archduke Albrecht was his chief military advisor and made the policy decisions.

3589:

using new infiltration tactics; although they advanced more than 100 km (62.14 mi) in the direction of Venice and gained considerable supplies, they were halted and could not cross the

9439: 3171:

and extradited approximately 5,500 prominent Serbs, 700 to 2,200 of whom died in prison. Four hundred sixty Serbs were sentenced to death and a predominantly Muslim special militia known as the

12829: 8928: 12965: 12960: 12955: 12950: 12945: 12940: 12935: 12930: 3326:

Austro-Hungarian Empire had also more industrialized economy and higher GDP per capita than the Kingdom of Italy, which was economically the far most developed actual opponent of the Empire.

4069:

gave Czech equal standing with German in the internal government of Bohemia; this led to a crisis because of nationalist German agitation throughout the empire. The Crown dismissed Badeni.

4020:

All races of the empire have equal rights, and every race has an inviolable right to the preservation and use of its own nationality and language. The equality of all customary languages ("

11590: 2858:

Realizing the need to compromise with Hungary in order to retain its great power status, the central government in Vienna began negotiations with the Hungarian political leaders, led by

9950: 4696:

The heavily rural Austro-Hungarian economy slowly modernised after 1867. Railroads opened up once-remote areas, and cities grew. Many small firms promoted capitalist way of production.

5386:, became regent, but was forced to stand down after only two weeks when it became apparent the Allies would not recognise him. Finally, in March 1920, royal powers were entrusted to a 11627: 7609: 5423: 5398:

of the Austro-Hungarian Navy and had helped organize the counter-revolutionary forces. It was this government that signed the Treaty of Trianon under protest on 4 June 1920 at the

7051: 4277:

showed their support, but the Croat ones opposed it and tried to show that the Istro-Romanians were in fact Slavs. During Austro-Hungarian rule, the Istro-Romanians lived under

3754:

had joined the Allies on 14 October. The South Slavs in both halves of the monarchy had already declared in favor of uniting with Serbia in a large South Slav state in the 1917

12123: 11638:

In the Twilight of Empire. Count Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal (1854–1912): Imperial Habsburg Patriot and Statesman. Vol. 2: From Foreign Minister in Waiting to de facto Chancellor

10340: 9349:

Schulze, Max-Stephan. Austria-Hungary’s economy in World War I, p. 79. In: Broadberry S, Harrison M, eds. The Economics of World War I. Cambridge University Press; 2005:77-111.

4355:

and escalate out of control. The antisemitic parties remained on the periphery of the political sphere due to their low popularity among voters in the parliamentary elections.

7374: 3236:

would fully agree with him, particularly with regard to action on our part against Serbia. In his opinion, though, there was no need to wait patiently before taking action...

7438:... arrested and interned some 5.500 prominent Serbs and sentenced to death some 460 persons, a new Schutzkorps, an auxiliary militia, widened the anti-Serb repression. 92: 6867: 12029: 3472:

ending the World War I, in spite of the previous initial total dependence of the kingdom on its sponsors, it ultimately served against their intentions as the cornerstone

4575:

in Pécs in 1367. Sigismund established a university at Óbuda in 1395. Another, Universitas Istropolitana, was established 1465 in Pozsony (now Bratislava in Slovakia) by

4782:, in these modern sectors of the second industrial revolution (like machine building industry and electric industry) the Austrian competition could not become dominant. 2888: 12113: 4368:

and rural areas in Hungary and Bohemia; however, they had large communities and even local majorities in the downtown districts of Vienna, Budapest, Prague, Kraków and

950: 904: 529: 3334:

another six percent. Compared all the major countries in the war, the death and casualty rate was toward the high-end regarding the present-day territory of Austria.

12479: 10629: 9873: 9188: 3037:

region was under Austro-Hungarian occupation between 1878 and 1909, when it was returned to the Ottoman Empire, before being ultimately divided between kingdoms of

13533: 10310: 8838: 8583: 17560: 4393: 4161:

The language disputes were most fiercely fought in Bohemia, where the Czech speakers formed a majority and sought equal status for their language to German. The

18613: 12719: 5295:

was mainly a coast defence force, and also included a flotilla of monitors for the Danube. It was administered by the naval department of the ministry of war.

10424:

Virtually the entire population of what remained of Hungary regarded the Treaty of Trianon as manifestly unfair, and agitation for revision began immediately.

8554:

Günther Kronenbitter: "Krieg im Frieden". Die Führung der k.u.k. Armee und die Großmachtpolitik Österreich-Ungarns 1906–1914. Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 2003,

5657:, which had formerly looked to Vienna for protection and whose ruling house held sizable real estate in Cisleithania, formed a customs and defense union with 4233:

previous year. In spite of nominal autonomy, the Croatian government was an economic and administrative part of Hungary, which the Croatians resented. In the

3762:. The Croatians had begun disregarding orders from Budapest earlier in October. Lansing's response was, in effect, the death certificate of Austria–Hungary. 13134: 11786: 5776: 5518: 4389: 3049: 2968:

as early as 1879 and were commended for their bravery in service of the Austrian emperor, being awarded more medals than any other unit. The military march "

2875:. On 28 July, Franz Joseph, in his new capacity as King of Hungary, approved and promulgated the new laws, which officially gave birth to the Dual Monarchy. 143: 11246: 9654:

See the above cited book: Stephen Broadberry and Kevin H. O'Rourke: The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present, page: 80

9096: 6511: 3096: 1792: 487: 11554: 9502: 3001:

moved warships into position against Russia to halt the advance of Russian influence in the eastern Mediterranean so close to Britain's route through the

18603: 18048: 15803: 9767:(1996)(English: The development of Hungarian private and state owned commuter railway companies between 1876 – 1900, Hungarian railway History Volume II. 6165: 3950: 3579: 378: 12002:

HABSBURG is an email discussion list dealing with the culture and history of the Habsburg monarchy and its successor states in central Europe since 1500

9148: 18618: 13448: 11933: 7073: 5768: 5665:– the westernmost province of Austria – voted by a large majority to join Switzerland; however, both the Swiss and the Allies disregarded this result. 5159:

by a canal from Vienna to Trieste. It was born from the desire of Austria–Hungary to have a direct link to the Adriatic Sea but was never constructed.

4123:

The following years saw official recognition of several languages, at least in Austria. Since 1867, laws awarded Croatian equal status with Italian in

3069:, heir to the throne. The Archduke was rumoured to have been an advocate for this trialism as a means to limit the power of the Hungarian aristocracy. 13172: 10262: 8288: 4800:

The first telegraph connection (Vienna—Brno—Prague) had started operation in 1847. In Hungarian territory the first telegraph stations were opened in

12138: 8408: 1095:

One of Europe's major powers at the time, Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe and the third-most populous (after

11949: 12793: 12022: 7976: 2069: 13279: 8922: 6640: 4146:. This led to the further closing of minority schools, devoted mostly to the Slovak and Rusyn languages. The two kingdoms sometimes divided their 12651: 12143: 12133: 11231: 6053: 4571:

In the year 1276, the university of Veszprém was destroyed by the troops of Péter Csák and it was never rebuilt. A university was established by

3909: 3649:). Within three months of the war, the Central Powers came near Bucharest, the Romanian capital city. On 6 December, the Central Powers captured 2279: 1139: 1104: 230: 217: 11882: 11131: 6358: 3025:

largely because of Italy's imperial rivalries with France. Tensions between Russia and Austria–Hungary remained high, so Bismarck replaced the

14269: 9942: 9285: 8759: 4875:

By 1913, the combined length of the railway tracks of the Austrian Empire and Kingdom of Hungary reached 43,280 kilometres (26,890 miles). In

4225:). The Romanians and the Serbs began to agitate for union with their fellow nationalists and language speakers in the newly founded states of 12472: 12118: 9733: 3355:

At the start of the war, the army was divided into two: the smaller part attacked Serbia while the larger part fought against the formidable

3108: 1797: 11624: 7578: 3048:

On the heels of the Great Balkan Crisis, Austro-Hungarian forces occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina in August 1878 and the monarchy eventually

18233: 17736: 16608: 16436: 16351: 16090: 9893: 2786: 2534: 2374: 2299: 2011: 9231: 7266:

Following the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in June 1914, Catholic Croats and Muslims in Sarajevo joined forces in an anti-Serb pogrom.

4812:

in 1848. The first telegraph connection between Vienna and Pest–Buda (later Budapest) was constructed in 1850, and Vienna–Zagreb in 1850.

2922:

of France and Italy for an anti-Prussian alliance, but no terms could be reached. The decisive victory of the Prusso-German armies in the

1069:

between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consisted of two sovereign states with a single monarch who was titled both

13523: 12015: 11980:

Mangham, Arthur Neal. The Social Bases of Austrian Politics: The German Electoral Districts of Cisleithania, 1900–1914. Ph.D. thesis 1974

7890: 6180: 11852: 11525:

Kapp, Richard W. (1984). "Divided Loyalties: The German Reich and Austria–Hungary in Austro-German Discussions of War Aims, 1914–1916".

10271: 10051: 9413: 8044:

The Beginning of Futility: Diplomatic, Political, Military and Naval Events on the Austro-Italian Front in the First World War 1914–1917

7043: 6762: 6698: 6493:

1910. ÉVI NÉPSZÁMLÁLÁS 1. A népesség főbb adatai községek és népesebb puszták, telepek szerint (1912) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana

6460: 6331: 4065:

languages, as well as in the "dominant" languages—Hungarian and German. By the "Ordinance of 5 April 1897", the Austrian Prime Minister

13199: 12712: 11968: 7464: 3211:, had wanted to confront the resurgent Serbian nation for some years in a preventive war, but the Emperor and Hungarian prime minister 2809: 2139: 9776:

Tramways in Austria: Book: Buckley, Richard (2000). Tramways and Light Railways of Switzerland and Austria (2nd edition), pp. 129–135

9205: 7383:, p. 485, The Bosnian wartime militia (Schutzkorps), which became known for its persecution of Serbs, was overwhelmingly Muslim.. 4323:

Around 1900, Jews numbered about two million in the whole territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; their position was ambiguous. The

18623: 13127: 10332: 9602: 7107: 3123: 2943: 2926:

and the subsequent founding of the German Empire ended all hope of re-establishing Austrian influence in Germany, and Beust retired.

2918:, who had repeatedly outmaneuvered him. Beust looked to France for avenging Austria's defeat and attempted to negotiate with Emperor 1863: 10429: 18563: 18011: 17668: 16505: 15412: 12465: 11486:

The Habsburg Empire in World War I: Essays on the Intellectual, Military, Political and Economic Aspects of the Habsburg War Effort

10074: 9821:

Tramways in Croatia: Book: Vlado Puljiz, Gojko Bežovan, Teo Matković, dr. Zoran Šućur, Siniša Zrinščak: Socijalna politika Hrvatske

7766:

The Habsburg Empire in World War I: Essays on the Intellectual, Military, Political and Economic Aspects of the Habsburg War Effort

1353:

From 1867 onwards, the abbreviations heading the names of official institutions in Austria–Hungary reflected their responsibility:

18465: 16823: 15669: 13209: 12970: 12803: 12798: 12788: 12783: 12753: 12281: 10100: 8788: 6952: 6859: 6160: 3127: 2514: 13382: 11610: 11336:

Craig, Gordon A. (1965). "The World War I Alliance of the Central Powers in Retrospect: The Military Cohesion of the Alliance".

10362: 9627:

HT Muzej (Croatian Telecom Museum): '125 godina telefonije u Hrvatskoj' (125 years of Telephony in Croatia), Zagreb 2006., P.-2,

8616:"Staatsgrundgesetz über die allgemeinen Rechte und Staatsbürger für die im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder (1867)" 8479: 3582:, Germans and Austrians were able to move on the Western and Southern fronts much manpower from the erstwhile Eastern fighting. 3545:

took place over five months (23 June – 2 December 1915). The fight was extremely bloody and exhausting for both the contenders.

939: 893: 18608: 16095: 13335: 12683: 12382: 12077: 12057: 11115:

Banking and industrialization in Austria-Hungary: the role of banks in the industrialization of the Czech crownlands, 1873–1914

8704: 8134: 6126: 5615: 5472: 5456: 5355: 4736: 2184: 765: 11987: 11030: 10130: 9835: 9373:

Engineering and Economic Growth: The Development of Austria–Hungary's Machine-Building Industry in the Late Nineteenth Century

8619: 6534:

Engineering and Economic Growth: The Development of Austria–Hungary's Machine-Building Industry in the Late Nineteenth Century

4474: 17741: 16875: 16430: 15222: 14604: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13043: 13038: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12705: 11813: 11576: 11515: 11326: 11209: 11016: 10936: 10873: 10704: 10681: 10654: 10623: 10489: 10405: 9988: 9743: 9696: 9672: 9575: 9449: 9407: 9268: 8980: 8883: 8753: 8489: 8456: 8211: 8182: 8051: 8011: 7926: 7898: 7866: 7841: 7816: 7791: 7725: 7666: 7431: 7406: 7365: 7326: 7259: 7230: 7205: 7002: 6772: 6170: 5596: 3017:

Anxious about Balkan instability and Russian aggression, and to counter French interests in Europe, Austria–Hungary forged a

2364: 2249: 1103:). The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine-building industry in the world. With the exception of the territory of the 16840: 13563: 10411: 8718: 8533: 8372: 8088: 7284: 4446: 3562:. The Italians managed to resist and in a counteroffensive seized Gorizia on 9 August. Nonetheless, they had to stop on the 188: 18598: 18573: 18055: 16060: 15757: 15644: 13806: 13120: 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12411: 11387: 9686: 4242: 3774:. On the same day, the Czechs and Slovaks formally proclaimed the establishment of Czechoslovakia as an independent state. 3216: 1934: 1090: 15128: 10731: 6610: 6298: 3781:

voted in favour of terminating the union with Austria. The most prominent opponent of continued union with Austria, Count

3208: 18583: 17950: 17902: 17892: 17328: 15624: 13856: 13553: 13340: 13103: 12288: 12164: 9258: 8827: 8325: 5626: 5588: 5534:

The following states were formed, re-established or expanded at the dissolution of the former Austro–Hungarian monarchy:

4101: 3837: 3767: 3307: 3066: 2424: 1540: 1322: 1127: 1082: 985: 660: 623: 261: 226: 207: 18519: 17814: 11973: 11077: 10302: 8590: 18593: 18588: 18079: 17809: 17771: 17731: 17721: 17716: 17333: 15664: 15274: 14274: 13702: 13645: 13543: 13330: 12333: 12250: 12245: 9171:

Imperial Lineages and Legacies in the Eastern Mediterranean: Recording the Imprint of Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Rule

8317:

Through the Prism of the Habsburg Monarchy: Hungary in American Diplomacy and Public Opinion During the First World War

7698: 5646: 5560: 5556: 5407: 5376: 5347: 5261: 4453: 2828: 2703: 2494: 2474: 2339: 2214: 2174: 1170: 925: 10152: 9973: 9592:

Museum of Moslavina Kutina, Jasmina Uroda Kutlić: 'Telefon – čudo Novoga vijeka' (Telephone the miracle of Modern era)

3270: 18491: 18276: 18151: 18065: 17955: 17681: 16598: 13918: 13766: 13496: 13424: 13187: 11939: 11494: 11473: 11061: 10830: 10544: 10525: 10462: 9781: 9764: 9532: 9178: 9122: 9073: 8712: 8653:

Wank, Solomon; Jelavich, Barbara (1980). "The Impact of the Dual Alliance on the Germans in Austria and Vice-Versa".

8559: 8527: 8519: 8366: 8082: 6738: 6717: 6712:

Manuscript of Franz Joseph I. – Stephan Vajda, Felix Austria. Eine Geschichte Österreichs, Ueberreuter 1980, Vienna,

6581: 6155: 5611: 5383: 5167:

In 1831 a plan had already been drafted to make the passage navigable, at the initiative of the Hungarian politician

5145: 5109: 4493: 3265: 2986: 1522:) in its international relations. It was often contracted to the "Dual Monarchy" in English or simply referred to as 1491: 1135: 17: 9549: 18176: 18031: 17796: 17143: 13376: 13359: 13345: 12535: 12363: 6185: 5716: 5583: 5367:

natural resources. The Hungarian Democratic Republic was short-lived and was temporarily replaced by the communist

4858: 4427: 4365: 4332: 4312: 4132: 3960: 2779: 2204: 2004: 1944: 1721: 11783: 5216: 3750:

replied that autonomy for the nationalities – the tenth of the Fourteen Points – was no longer enough. In fact, a

3723:

envisaged the Habsburg Empire as being made up of five Kingdoms, in a last desperate attempt to save the Monarchy.

3408:, an auxiliary military formation within the Austro-Hungarian army. The Austro-Hungarian Army was defeated at the 16541: 16085: 14900: 13851: 12643: 12431: 11277: 9325: 5649:; all were ultimately absorbed mostly into Poland, but also into Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia. 5426:

collapsed. The initially wavering Horthy, after receiving threats of intervention from the Allied Powers and the

4460: 3143: 3062: 3005:. The Treaty of San Stefano was seen in Austria as much too favourable for Russia and its Orthodox-Slavic goals. 2832: 2683: 1475: 809: 712: 122: 99: 14062: 9920: 9100: 6507: 3417: 17824: 17786: 17120: 16623: 15903: 15619: 13841: 13575: 13238: 12426: 12038: 9498: 5630: 4524: 4431: 4249:

who during his short reign supported the trialist idea only to be vetoed by the Hungarian government and Count

3728: 3350: 3252:

initially remained neutral, despite its alliance with Austria–Hungary. In 1915, it switched to the side of the

2961: 2808:

in 1718, all former territories of the Hungarian kingdom were ceded from the Ottomans to the Habsburgs. In the

2738: 2698: 2579: 2444: 1959: 1919: 1904: 1162: 13615: 13601: 9812:

History of Public Transport in Hungary. Book: Zsuzsa Frisnyák: A magyarországi közlekedés krónikája, 1750–2000

9232:"Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem (Budapest University of Technology and Economics) — moveonnet" 3737:

On 14 October 1918, Foreign Minister Baron István Burián von Rajecz asked for an armistice based on President

3610:(15–23 June 1918), in which some 60,000 Austrian and 43,000 Italian soldiers were killed. The final battle at 3180: 18410: 18400: 18166: 16957: 15813: 15634: 15338: 13143: 12560: 11929: 11086:. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. pp. 313–343. 10182: 9140: 7077: 6554: 5343: 5251: 3815: 3803: 3469: 3445: 3405: 3233: 2911: 2648: 2329: 2129: 1924: 1908: 506: 401: 31: 9169:

Strauss, Johann. "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire" (Chapter 7). In: Murphey, Rhoads (editor).

4442: 4253:. The count finally signed the trialist proclamation after heavy pressure from the king on 23 October 1918. 18256: 18128: 18001: 17791: 17746: 17661: 17611: 16593: 16581: 16100: 15793: 15710: 15532: 15405: 15333: 15217: 13596: 13194: 11750:

Deak, John (2014). "The Great War and the Forgotten Realm: The Habsburg Monarchy and the First World War".

8292: 6109:

The Empire treated Bosnia-Herzegovina in much the same way the other powers treated their overseas colonies

4942:(1905); Unterlach, Ybbs an der Donau (1907); Salzburg (1909); Klagenfurt, Sankt Pölten (1911); Piran (1912) 4779: 4676:

banknote of the Dual Monarchy, using all official and recognized languages (the reverse side was Hungarian)

4179: 3999: 3977: 3026: 2969: 2817: 2589: 2394: 1976: 1954: 1107:, the Empire of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary were separate sovereign countries in international law. 618: 17912: 12697: 11379:

Deak, John, and Jonathan E. Gumz. "How to Break a State: The Habsburg Monarchy's Internal War, 1914–1918"

9917:"UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage Committee Inscribes 9 New Sites on the World Heritage List" 8405: 6491: 3464:. The origin of that document was the dire need to draft new recruits from German-occupied Poland for the 3330:

the diverse nationalities gave up on the Empire and looked for ways to establish their own nation states.

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Schmitt, Hans A. (1968). "Count Beust and Germany, 1866–1870: Reconquest, Realignment, or Resignation?".

5772: 5565: 4771: 4746: 4343:. Antisemitic parties and movements existed, but the governments of Vienna and Budapest did not initiate 4238: 4234: 3956: 3704: 3571: 3518: 3500: 3397: 3380: 3185: 3159: 2844: 2772: 2708: 2693: 2049: 2029: 1997: 1964: 1939: 1929: 1914: 1550: 1433: 1336:

Die im Reichsrat vertretenen Königreiche und Länder und die Länder der Heiligen Ungarischen Stephanskrone

1185: 1131: 957: 433: 300: 12271: 11123:

Sauer, Walter. "Habsburg Colonial: Austria-Hungary's Role in European Overseas Expansion Reconsidered",

7980: 2859: 18578: 18337: 18330: 18296: 18021: 17960: 17928: 17839: 17726: 17621: 17536: 17125: 17023: 15982: 15977: 15967: 15730: 15547: 13248: 12745: 12675: 12421: 12197: 12192: 12174: 12082: 6632: 5993:

were not part of Hungary proper, the latter two were part of the sovereign Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia)

4663: 4544: 4182:, hitherto dominated by German speakers, was divided into German and Czech-speaking faculties in 1882. 4066: 3921: 3894: 3841: 3799: 3627: 3401: 3278: 3224: 2836: 2678: 2224: 1815: 1623: 911: 738: 597: 583: 17313: 13756: 12553: 11082: 8428: 7957:

Banac, Ivo (1992). "'Emperor Karl Has Become a Comitadji': The Croatian Disturbances of Autumn 1918".

6800: 6688: 6353: 4837: 3480:, the latter composed also of territories never intended by the Central Powers to be ceded to Poland. 3400:, the war started out equally poorly. The government accepted the Polish proposal of establishing the 18628: 18074: 18038: 17942: 17781: 17591: 17278: 17213: 17203: 17188: 16523: 16470: 16380: 15695: 15654: 15614: 15301: 14449: 14013: 13746: 13548: 13409: 13253: 13182: 12240: 12103: 11879: 10747:

Armour, Ian D. (2009). "Apple of Discord: Austria-Hungary, Serbia and the Bosnian Question 1867-71".

10367: 7297:... the assassination was followed by officially encouraged anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo ... 6209: 6115: 5864: 5860: 5552: 5368: 4969: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3598: 3514: 3081: 2569: 2464: 2269: 2259: 2074: 1166: 574: 464: 17413: 13177: 12004:, with discussions, syllabi, book reviews, queries, conferences; edited daily by scholars since 1994 11918: 11906:. (ed.: Rudolf Rothaug), K. u. k. Hof-Kartographische Anstalt G. Freytag & Berndt, Vienna, 1911. 11288:

Cornwall, Mark (1992). "News, Rumour and the Control of Information in Austria–Hungary, 1914–1918".

11128: 10218: 10033: 9889: 9292: 6348: 5273: 18558: 18440: 18375: 18241: 18212: 18114: 18109: 18026: 17935: 17761: 17033: 17013: 16978: 16931: 16885: 16237: 16053: 15639: 15562: 15259: 15234: 15084: 14743: 14738: 13836: 12625: 12441: 12406: 12235: 10960: 8809: 8741: 8358: 6139: 5978: 5548: 4862: 4058: 3461: 3021:

with Germany in October 1879 and in May 1882. In October 1882 Italy joined this partnership in the

2728: 2609: 2454: 1835: 751: 106: 11679:

Baedeker, Karl (1906). "Austria–Hungary, Including Dalmatia and Bosnia. Handbook for Travellers".

11148: 10865: 4973: 1066: 18568: 18445: 18324: 18291: 18222: 18186: 18156: 18120: 18016: 18006: 17991: 17866: 17776: 17711: 17654: 16911: 16603: 16586: 16576: 16551: 16395: 16121: 15937: 15927: 15894: 15874: 15864: 15720: 15700: 15649: 15582: 15552: 15398: 15326: 15207: 14748: 14701: 14644: 14343: 14287: 14035: 13289: 13167: 12308: 12219: 11197:

Vermes, Gabor. "The Impact of the Dual Alliance on the Magyars of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy"

11105:

Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present

9316:

Peter F. Sugar, Péter Hanák: A History of Hungary (Publisher: Indiana University Press) Page: 262

7486: 6948: 6794: 6573:

Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present

5542: 5363: 5337: 5308: 5269: 5121: 4713: 4528: 4420: 3484: 3204: 2812:, the Kingdom of Hungary called for greater self-government and later even independence from the 2718: 2658: 2544: 2164: 1881: 1820: 1174: 1062: 832: 438: 363: 18146: 11924: 7318: 3657:, together with the Romanian government, royal court and public authorities, which relocated to 3385: 18286: 17756: 17631: 17546: 17393: 17105: 17038: 16906: 16855: 16787: 16687: 16677: 16475: 16410: 16217: 16146: 15889: 15783: 15737: 15522: 15502: 15348: 15249: 15244: 14932: 14880: 14800: 14733: 14637: 14622: 14515: 14282: 14236: 14077: 13964: 13690: 13633: 13515: 13353: 12568: 12328: 12298: 12207: 11073: 11047:

Austria–Hungary and the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present

9235: 8444:

Austria–Hungary and the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present

6450: 6149: 6060: 5879: 5728: 5571: 5148:(DDSG), was the world's largest inland shipping company until the collapse of Austria-Hungary. 4721: 4673: 4217:

and of Dalmatia (today's Croatia), in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the provinces known as the

3905:) in Cisleithania. Each parliament had its own executive government, appointed by the monarch. 3716: 3477: 3320: 3077: 3058: 3022: 2899: 2840: 2434: 1683: 1189: 971: 840: 10613: 9870: 9397: 9185: 8970: 8203: 7658: 6994: 6571: 4888:

The first Hungarian steam locomotive railway line was opened on 15 July 1846 between Pest and

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Thomas Derdak, Adéle Hast: International Directory of Company Histories – Volume 5 – Page 315

8321: 8174: 7398: 7357: 6943:; Wagnleitner, Reinhold F.; Fellner, Fritz; Zöllner, Erich; Ray, Michael (28 November 2023). 6743: 6669: 6576:. European nations Facts on File library of world history. Infobase Publishing. p. 401. 6328: 5909: 5847: 5292: 5257: 5168: 4938:

Austria: Gmunden (1894); Linz, Vienna (1897); Graz (1898); Trieste (1900); Ljubljana (1901);

4846: 4775: 4741: 4536: 4467: 4292: 4262: 4127:. Beginning in 1882, there was a Slovene majority in the Diet of Carniola and in the capital 3929: 3875: 3771: 3542: 3441: 3356: 3133: 3038: 2990: 2965: 2872: 2805: 2673: 1193: 999: 16767: 15167: 13696: 13639: 11825:"Review Article: Nationalism and all that: Reassessing the Habsburg Monarchy and its legacy" 10255:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

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Tramways in Slovakia: Book: Július Bartl: Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon – p. 112

9209: 7424:

Austrian-Greek encounters over the centuries: history, diplomacy, politics, arts, economics

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In 1914, Slavic militants in Bosnia rejected Austria's plan to fully absorb the area; they

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Comparative demographics of Empire of Austria and Kingdom of Hungary in Europe before WW1

3933: 3782: 3586: 3555: 3465: 2923: 2895: 2848: 2743: 2524: 2194: 2109: 1663: 1628: 1347:

A Birodalmi Tanácsban képviselt királyságok és országok és a Magyar Szent Korona országai

1086: 560: 14780: 14770: 13846: 13225: 11142: 11091: 10078: 9099:[The Jews in Hungary in the light of the numbers] (in Hungarian). Archived from 8127:"Review of Torrey, Glenn E., Romania and World War I: A Collection of Studies. HABSBURG" 5974: 5321:: Kingdom of Hungary lost 72% of its land and 3.3 million people of Hungarian ethnicity. 4712:) was opened in 1771 in Vienna, the first stock exchange of the Kingdom of Hungary (the 3404:

as the Polish central authority within the Empire, responsible for the formation of the

2800: 18484: 18415: 18382: 18316: 18266: 18171: 18097: 17907: 17856: 17829: 17689: 17525: 17348: 17343: 17308: 17288: 17263: 17258: 17253: 17248: 17243: 17228: 17223: 17168: 17075: 16921: 16792: 16682: 16662: 16618: 16561: 16556: 16533: 16500: 16490: 16480: 16362: 16013: 16006: 15919: 15818: 15788: 15771: 15557: 15537: 15451: 15433: 15425: 15177: 15157: 15140: 15091: 14956: 14765: 14716: 14649: 14567: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14454: 14424: 14316: 14214: 14082: 14057: 13776: 13401: 12615: 12520: 12510: 12436: 11844: 11767: 11706: 11673: 11542: 11458: 11361: 11353: 11301: 11269: 11167: 11118: 11108: 11098: 11022: 10991: 10981: 10942: 10815: 10772: 10764: 10556: 9441:

Case Studies on Modern European Economy: Entrepreneurship, Inventions, and Institutions

8904: 8746:

Sources on Jewish Self-Government in the Polish Lands from Its Inception to the Present

8233: 7882: 7731: 7705: 7601: 7311: 6940: 6922: 6914: 6403: 6247: 6175: 5997: 5921: 5818: 5762: 5704: 5696: 5508: 4825: 4767: 4572: 4520: 4373: 4113: 4046: 3853: 3820: 3759: 3687: 3538: 3491:, who fought for the independence of Czechoslovakia against the Austro-Hungarian army. 3426: 3422: 3085: 3033:

with Russia to keep the Habsburgs from recklessly starting a war over Pan-Slavism. The

3030: 3018: 2939: 2688: 2668: 2663: 2653: 2504: 2319: 2038: 1825: 1736: 1688: 1594: 1559: 1515: 1371: 1341: 1234: 1197: 1070: 1013: 323: 291: 72: 13781: 11646:

A Mad Catastrophe: The Outbreak of World War I and the Collapse of the Habsburg Empire

11433:

Vienna and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I

10823:

The Last Years of Austria–Hungary: Essays in political and military history, 1908–1918

10599:

The Habsburg monarchy, 1809–1918: a history of the Austrian Empire and Austria–Hungary

10104: 9326:

Publishers' Association, Booksellers Association of Great Britain and Ireland (1930).

8858:

Romania. Recueil trimestriel consacré à l'étude des langes et des littératures romanes

8780: 7944:

Vienna and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I

6944: 6103:, Austro-Hungarian occupied 1878 until withdrawal in 1908 whilst formally part of the 4749:, resulting in 50,000 deaths a year. The Istro-Romanians of Istria were also poor, as 4377: 3770:

and declared that their ultimate intention was to unite with Serbia and Montenegro in

3444:

of Germany and Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary. This act promised the creation of the

18355: 18350: 18246: 18133: 17849: 17766: 17551: 17541: 17504: 17378: 17363: 17238: 17208: 17178: 17173: 17148: 17085: 17080: 17070: 16941: 16890: 16777: 16772: 16495: 16131: 16116: 15932: 15798: 15659: 15587: 15577: 15517: 15441: 15286: 15182: 15118: 15113: 15042: 14939: 14654: 14582: 14577: 14419: 14348: 14331: 14326: 14321: 14121: 14072: 13708: 13651: 12630: 12573: 12540: 12525: 12515: 12376: 12293: 12087: 12067: 11848: 11809: 11771: 11572: 11511: 11505: 11490: 11484: 11469: 11449: 11411: 11365: 11322: 11273: 11057: 11026: 11012: 10946: 10932: 10869: 10836: 10826: 10789: 10776: 10700: 10677: 10650: 10619: 10597: 10540: 10521: 10485: 10484:(in German) (11th ed.). Vienna: Manzsche Verlags- und Universitätsbuchhandlung. 10458: 10401: 10372: 10336: 10204: 10019: 9984: 9777: 9760: 9739: 9692: 9668: 9528: 9445: 9403: 9264: 9174: 8976: 8951: 8879: 8749: 8708: 8555: 8523: 8485: 8452: 8362: 8207: 8178: 8078: 8047: 8007: 7922: 7894: 7862: 7837: 7812: 7787: 7721: 7662: 7605: 7427: 7402: 7361: 7322: 7255: 7226: 7201: 6998: 6926: 6906: 6768: 6734: 6713: 6577: 6537: 6299:"Austro-Hungarian Empire k.u.k. Monarchy dual-monarchic Habsburg Emperors of Austria" 6144: 5887: 5732: 5720: 5708: 5700: 5642: 5592: 5468: 5452: 5359: 5318: 5304: 4701: 4511: 4307: 4288: 4135:

designated Polish instead of German in 1869 as the customary language of government.

4093: 3917: 3795: 3755: 3566:, a few kilometres away from the border. At this point, several months of indecisive 3433: 3409: 3300: 3042: 2998: 2915: 2813: 2599: 2484: 1845: 1759: 1716: 1711: 1693: 1585: 1495: 1158: 1078: 781: 518: 359: 351: 327: 296: 11621:

István Tisza: The Liberal Vision and Conservative Statecraft of a Magyar Nationalist

11607: 11546: 9943:"Budapest's Electric Underground Railway Is Still Running After More Than 120 Years" 9573: 9435: 8126: 7977:"French forces occupy Corfu — History.com This Day in History — 1/11/1916" 7735: 6550: 4385: 4185:

At the same time, Hungarian dominance faced challenges from the local majorities of

4032:"), each of the races receives the necessary means of education in its own language. 3593:

river. Italy, although suffering massive casualties, recovered from the blow, and a

1077:. Austria-Hungary constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the 548: 30:

For the relations of the modern-day sovereign countries of Austria and Hungary, see

18500: 18430: 18425: 18306: 18217: 18138: 17567: 17531: 17449: 17273: 17043: 16988: 16951: 16926: 16916: 16850: 16802: 16732: 16727: 16722: 16717: 16712: 16702: 16697: 16390: 16136: 16022: 15987: 15972: 15962: 15942: 15909: 15859: 15507: 15480: 15135: 14922: 14917: 14873: 14860: 14790: 14758: 14753: 14617: 14612: 14594: 14555: 14488: 14471: 14412: 14402: 14397: 14338: 14294: 14264: 14224: 14207: 14190: 14153: 13904: 13831: 13796: 13219: 13030: 12578: 12401: 12343: 11984: 11836: 11801: 11759: 11701: 11696: 11688: 11534: 11345: 11314: 11297: 11261: 11004: 10998: 10924: 10861: 10756: 10669: 10126: 9831: 8700: 8662: 8615: 8238: 7713: 7593: 6898: 5970: 5736: 5606: 5042: 4576: 4563: 4117: 4097: 4054: 3786: 3654: 3550: 3368: 3154:

The 28 June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in the Bosnian capital,

3053: 3010: 2643: 2309: 1949: 1726: 1673: 1201: 1140:

Bosnia and Herzegovina came under Austro-Hungarian joint military and civilian rule

1027: 725: 355: 347: 343: 335: 331: 175: 150: 13881: 13861: 13672: 13259: 12457: 11205: 9579: 8956:

Studii și Cercetări – Actele Simpozionului "Banat – Istorie și Multiculturalitate"

6804:. Vol. 3 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 116–141. 6072: 5391: 5002: 3537:

river, hoping to seize Ljubljana, and to eventually threaten Vienna. However, the

18435: 18390: 18368: 17861: 17834: 17444: 17193: 17158: 17018: 17008: 16973: 16963: 16946: 16782: 16737: 16652: 16370: 16345: 16192: 15952: 15527: 15353: 15321: 15194: 15162: 15145: 15101: 15096: 15074: 15069: 15027: 15020: 14995: 14850: 14691: 14572: 14466: 14461: 14429: 14254: 14244: 14138: 14131: 14126: 14111: 14067: 13949: 13935: 13876: 13871: 13458: 12821: 12729: 12588: 12583: 12318: 12007: 11991: 11953: 11886: 11790: 11655:

Folly and malice: the Habsburg empire, the Balkans and the start of World War One

11631: 11614: 11597: 11561: 11419: 11391: 11135: 10879: 10844: 10797: 10609: 10592: 10504: 10468: 10395: 9877: 9192: 9173:(Volume 18 of Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Studies). Routledge, 7 July 2016. 8996: 8873: 8694: 8513: 8442: 8412: 8352: 8068: 7717: 7556: 7527: 7278: 6778: 6415: 6335: 6239: 5990: 5883: 5789: 5744: 5740: 5690: 5634: 5601: 5498: 5463: 4689: 4348: 4266: 4144:

after the fourth grade, the pupils could express themselves fluently in Hungarian

4089: 3898: 3890: 3742: 3708:

army's composition of multiple ethnicities with different languages and customs.

3585:

On 24 October 1917, Austrians (now enjoying decisive German support) attacked at

3449: 3163: 3147: 2914:, who was the foreign minister from 1866 to 1871, hated the Prussian chancellor, 2903: 2863: 2713: 2404: 2289: 2119: 1764: 1731: 1507: 1502:

Following a decision of Franz Joseph I in 1868, the realm bore the official name

1374:) was the label for institutions common to both parts of the monarchy, e.g., the 1330: 1224: 1123: 1074: 880: 639: 609: 389: 339: 319: 286: 56: 14775: 13298: 13112: 11944: 11384: 10438:, p. 63, "Through the occupation Austria-Hungary became a colonial power.". 8856: 7519: 5172: 4912: 4709: 3674: 3212: 3052:

as a common holding of Cisleithania and Transleithania under the control of the

18505: 18361: 17586: 17368: 17353: 17318: 17058: 17053: 16936: 16870: 16742: 16400: 16375: 16280: 16197: 16151: 16027: 15725: 15296: 15291: 15254: 15229: 15212: 15123: 15108: 15079: 15037: 14885: 14845: 14840: 14795: 14721: 14681: 14671: 14661: 14476: 14355: 14249: 14116: 13998: 13866: 13821: 13811: 13587: 13436: 13273: 13097: 12607: 12303: 12276: 12159: 11957: 11867:

Sked, Alan. "Explaining the Habsburg Empire, 1830–90." in Pamela Pilbeam, ed.,

11778:

Körner, Axel. "Beyond Nation States: New Perspectives on the Habsburg Empire."

11408:

The economic policy of Austria-Hungary during the war in its external relations

11184: 10723: 9038: 8243: 8228: 6598: 6475: 6399: 6302: 6263: 6104: 6041: 5927: 5894: 5814: 5758: 5638: 5538: 5427: 5333: 5118: 4876: 4867: 4352: 4300: 4270: 4139: 3968: 3913: 3886: 3857: 3751: 3747: 3738: 3567: 3559: 3548:

On 15 May 1916, the Austrian Chief of Staff Conrad von Hötzendorf launched the

3527: 3457: 3253: 3249: 3241: 2989:. With help from Romania and Greece, Russia defeated the Ottomans and with the 2907: 2821: 2762: 1987: 1471: 1425: 1150: 1143: 1096: 686: 367: 315: 129: 13771: 13232: 11902:

Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde an der österreichischen Mittelschulen

11538: 11265: 10840: 10793: 10673: 9793:

Tramways in Czech Republic: Book: Jan Vinař : Historické krovy (page 351)

9688:

The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present

7887:

The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present

7597: 6902: 6068: 4680: 4358:

In that period, the majority of Jews in Austria–Hungary lived in small towns (

4016:), valid only for the Cisleithanian (Austrian) part of Austria–Hungary, said: 3215:

were opposed. The foreign ministry of Austro-Hungarian Empire sent ambassador

18552: 18534: 18521: 18345: 17233: 16998: 16993: 16415: 16273: 16232: 16212: 15946: 15567: 15377: 15264: 15059: 15032: 15005: 14983: 14961: 14728: 14711: 14696: 14540: 14493: 14481: 14407: 14299: 14173: 14168: 14143: 14025: 13520: 13512: 13204: 11840: 10266: 10256: 9711: 8952:"Vlachs from the Island Krk in the Primary Historical and Literature Sources" 8515:

Hungary and the Habsburgs, 1765–1800: An Experiment in Enlightened Absolutism

6910: 6693: 6687: 6455: 6411: 5748: 5724: 5654: 5399: 5238:

The most important seaport for the Hungarian part of the monarchy was Fiume (

4998: 4896: 4758: 4685: 4143: 3964: 3932:. It was triggered by disagreement over which language to use for command in 3910:

Bosnia and Herzegovina came under Austro-Hungarian military and civilian rule

3848:

between the Austrian Empire ("Lands Represented in the Imperial Council", or

3828: 3606:; under his command, the Italians retook the initiative and won the decisive 3590: 3530: 3437: 3288: 3274: 2973: 2947: 2867: 1830: 1212: 1111: 1100: 395: 16762: 14805: 14785: 10906:

What Life Was Like: At Empire's End : Austro-Hungarian Empire 1848–1918

10883: 10801: 10508: 10472: 8666: 7739: 7560: 7252:

Scholar, patriot, mentor: historical essays in honor of Dimitrije Djordjević

6702:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 279–286. 3941:. The negotiations in 1917 ended with the dissolution of the Dual Monarchy. 3653:, and part of the population moved to the unoccupied Romanian territory, in 3167: 2887:

Bosnian Muslim resistance during the battle of Sarajevo in 1878 against the

17323: 16845: 16807: 16707: 16290: 15495: 15458: 15269: 15010: 15000: 14966: 14895: 14890: 14817: 14607: 14589: 14550: 14545: 14525: 14520: 14392: 14385: 14375: 14370: 14365: 14259: 14197: 14178: 14163: 14099: 13816: 13606: 12727: 12497: 11423: 11415: 11008: 10848: 10156: 9994: 9983:. Museum and Galleries of Ljubljana; City Museum of Ljubljana. p. 63. 9735:

History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century

9182: 9115: 7531: 6820:

Hungary's Long Nineteenth Century: Constitutional and Democratic Traditions

6748: 6731:

Die Doppelmonarchie Österreich-Ungarn. Ein politisches Lesebuch (1867–1918)

6228: 6205: 6094: 6093:

between present borders with Croatia (SW) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (NW),

6004: 5901: 5795: 5686: 5419: 5204: 5156: 4717: 4705: 4336: 4328: 4316: 4250: 4190: 4151: 3849: 3603: 3453: 3338: 2919: 1678: 1600: 1429: 1318: 1119: 251: 222: 197: 11318: 10928: 10760: 9069: 6666:

Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States

6338:. New England Publishing Company (Boston), 1888. Retrieved 20 August 2014. 6020: 5680: 5030: 3669: 3192: 2952: 17555: 17064: 16860: 16752: 16747: 16667: 16258: 16242: 14988: 14973: 14822: 14535: 14444: 14434: 14360: 14008: 14003: 13826: 13266: 13162: 10501:

From Sadowa to Sarajevo: the foreign policy of Austria-Hungary, 1866–1914

9545: 8835:

Asociația Transilvană Pentru Literatura Română și Cultura Poporului Român

8781:"Charles University | Czech Republic, 14th Century, Faculty | Britannica" 7779: 6464:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 2–39. 6220: 6090: 5875: 5839: 5661:, and adopted the Swiss currency instead of the Austrian. In April 1919, 5658: 5622: 5575: 5265: 5022: 4750: 4120:

could not be substituted for German as the language of higher education.

4109: 4038: 3985: 3871: 3505: 3473: 3173: 3119: 1216: 1154: 699: 644: 181: 13306: 11805: 10768: 6793: 6508:"Martin Mutschlechner: The Dual Monarchy: two states in a single empire" 6296: 5372: 4952:

Bohemia: Prague (1891); Teplice (1895); Liberec (1897); Ústí nad Labem,

4899:: A set of four electric commuter rai lines were built in Budapest, the 4131:; they replaced German with Slovene as their primary official language. 3870:

in German) formed for the few matters of common national security - the

2733: 18261: 17110: 17048: 16967: 16207: 16172: 15015: 14832: 14706: 14666: 14599: 13719: 13662: 11357: 11054:

Twilight of the Habsburgs: The Life and Times of Emperor Francis Joseph

9715: 9603:"125 godina telefonije u Hrvatskoj (125 years of Telephony in Croatia)" 8229:"Review of Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans during World War I" 6918: 6496:(in Hungarian). Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 1912. p. 17. 6082: 5946: 5804: 5752: 5662: 5313: 5176: 5014: 4908: 4434: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4381: 3972: 3882: 3845: 3073:

In performance of this promise a constitution was promulgated in 1910.

3002: 2981: 2934:

1878–1914: Congress of Berlin, Balkan instability and the Bosnia Crisis

1668: 1646: 1313:), but none of these became widespread either in Hungary or elsewhere. 1134:, an autonomous region under the Hungarian crown, which negotiated the 1115: 11710: 11672:(1915) English translations of official documents to justify the war. 11553:

Kronenbitter, Günther. "Pre-war Military Planning (Austria–Hungary)."

10518:

Bosnien-Herzegowina in der österreichisch-ungarischen Epoche 1878–1918

6449: 6100: 6016: 4904: 4072: 3034: 17469: 17459: 17028: 16335: 16222: 15854: 15572: 14905: 14676: 14560: 14530: 14311: 14185: 13976: 10580: 10275:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 3. 9916: 9525:

Industrielle Revolution in Deutschland. Regionen als Wachstumsmotoren

8315: 6410:

refers to as "Ruthenian"; and Yiddish was the common language of the

6224: 6030: 5960: 5828: 5410:

lost roughly 72% of the pre-war territory of the Kingdom of Hungary.

5280: 5220: 5097: 5038: 4991: 4939: 4801: 4725: 4218: 4186: 4128: 3650: 3632:

On 27 August 1916, Romania declared war against Austria–Hungary. The

1840: 1654: 9399:

God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume II: 1795 to the Present

7122: 7011: 6991:

The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe

6633:"Hungary - Dual Monarchy, Austro-Hungarian Empire, WWI | Britannica" 6398:

s "Rumäni or Wallachian" refers to what is today known as Romanian;

5447: 5113:

The start of construction of the underground in Budapest (1894–1896)

5066: 4778:, but Hungary had a better position in the modern industries of the 4532: 4409: 4050: 3993: 3558:"): the Austrians broke through the opposing front and occupied the 3203:

Some members of the government, such as Minister of Foreign Affairs

17706: 17646: 17606: 17489: 17479: 17298: 16797: 16069: 15485: 15468: 15390: 14306: 14089: 14047: 13986: 12369: 12128: 11979: 11763: 11692: 11569:

The First World War and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914–1918

11349: 8972:

A People Apart: A Political History of the Jews in Europe 1789–1939

8170: 6086: 6034: 5986: 5956: 5940: 5913: 5835: 5824: 5062: 5058: 5018: 4841:

A stentor reading the day's news in the Telefonhírmondó of Budapest

4762: 4324: 4274: 4202: 4124: 4105: 3642: 3360: 3155: 2957: 2827:

In the 1860s, the Empire faced two severe defeats: its loss in the

1650: 1618: 1608: 257: 9256: 7134: 7084: 6076: 4953: 4347:

or implement official antisemitic policies. They feared that such

4171: 3196: 17677: 17499: 17454: 17429: 16983: 16692: 16310: 16263: 16202: 16126: 16080: 15463: 15421: 14219: 14148: 14104: 13959: 12001: 11721:(1940), pp. 103–159 summarizes memoirs of major participants 10178: 9720:

The Industrial Revolution in National Context: Europe and the USA

8167:

Culture and Customs of Hungary, Cultures and Customs of the World

6152:, a form of administration adopted by the Austro-Hungarian Empire 6064: 6008: 5966: 5935: 5853: 5431: 5395: 5085: 5026: 4984: 4965: 4957: 4871:

Detailed railway map of Austrian and Hungarian railways from 1911

4360: 4344: 4278: 4226: 4214: 4198: 3646: 3638: 3220: 2883: 2619: 1886: 1604: 1570: 423: 407: 14020: 11247:"Silent War and Bitter Peace: The Revolution of 1918 in Austria" 10988:

The Development of the Economies of Continental Europe 1850–1914

10955:

The Austrian Mind: An Intellectual and Social History, 1848–1938

10813:. Glasgow: Fontana Economic History of Europe. pp. 228–278. 9636:

Telephone History Institute: Telecom History – Issue 1 – Page 14

9574:

Dániel Szabó; Zoltán Fónagy; István Szathmári; Tünde Császtvay.

7786:. (CUP Archive)London: Cambridge University Press. p. 479. 6045: 5070: 4900: 4369: 4296: 3658: 17581: 17494: 16757: 16657: 16300: 16156: 15473: 14052: 13927: 13490: 10858:

Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs: Central Europe c.1683–1867

9576:"Kettős kötődés : Az Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia (1867–1918)" 9464:

Paula Sutter Fichtner: Historical Dictionary of Austria (p. 69)

8875:

O istorie a Românilor din Peninsula Balcanică: secolul XVIII-XX

6939: 6026: 5950: 5808: 5387: 5346:(which after a few other short-lived intermediaries became the 5239: 5152: 5125: 5093: 5089: 5054: 5050: 5034: 4916: 4340: 4222: 4206: 4167: 4162: 4096:

of the Empire, but the Germans had difficulty in accepting the

3534: 3510: 3150:, although some believe it depicts Ferdinand Behr, a bystander. 2099: 1612: 247: 11232:

Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I § Further reading

7395:

Unholy Terror: Bosnia, Al-Qa'ida, and the Rise of Global Jihad

5904:, the coast and the immediate hinterland around the cities of 5151:

In 1900 the engineer C. Wagenführer drew up plans to link the

4889: 4668: 4041:(part of Bohemia), looked to Berlin in the new German Empire. 3916:

with the Great Powers and Austria-Hungary's Balkan neighbors,

1157:, which began with an Austro-Hungarian war declaration on the 16038: 15446: 14686: 13500: 13483: 13476: 13469: 13452: 13442: 9738:(in Hungarian). University of California Press. p. 152. 9291:. Ryeson Polytechnical Institute. p. 216. Archived from 9001:

The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad

6122: 6075:

including the immediate surrounding area west of the city of

6012: 5905: 5188: 5077: 5046: 4980: 4729: 4210: 4194: 3563: 3364: 3166:

killed two and damaged numerous Serb-owned buildings. Writer

3080:

of 1908-09 were the foreign ministers of Austria and Russia,

2799:

Following Hungary's defeat against the Ottoman Empire in the

1658: 1590: 1091:

Hungary terminated the union with Austria on 31 October 1918.

413: 11963: 10693:

Studije iz pravne povijesti Bosne i Hercegovine: 1878 - 1941

10647:

Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria–Hungary at War, 1914–1918

10393: 9832:"Trams and Tramways in Romania – Timișoara, Arad, Bucharest" 8268: 8266: 4174:(while retaining a slight numerical majority in the city of 3711: 3614:

was lost by 31 October 1918 and the armistice was signed at

17464: 16305: 16295: 16285: 16268: 13462: 11996: 10455:

A Diplomatic History of Europe Since the Congress of Vienna

7249: 6556:

Az 1867-iki (i.e. ezernyolcszázhatvanhetediki) kiegyezésről

5132: 5081: 4961: 4946: 4809: 4567:

Literacy in Hungary by counties in 1910 (excluding Croatia)

4175: 2079: 1196:, respectively, and most of the territorial demands of the 13896: 11442:

The First World War: Germany and Austria–Hungary 1914–1918

10539:(in German) (2nd ed.). Vienna: Böhlau Studienbücher. 9019: 9007: 8576: 6427:

Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde, 1911, Tabelle 3.

6387:"Romani" refers to the language of those described by the 3177:

was established and carried out the persecution of Serbs.

1319:

The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council

1316:

The realm's full name used in internal administration was

11921:

at the International Encyclopedia of the First World War.

11239:

For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619–1918

10971:

The Dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1867–1918

9595: 8681:

A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change, Routledge

8387: 8332: 8263: 8200:

For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619-1918

7543: 7541: 7164: 4519:

The first university in the Austrian half of the Empire (

4282: 4166:

and became a minority to Czech speakers in the cities of

3429:, and it caused an economic crash in the Russian Empire. 1494:, the only official language in Croatia and Slavonia was 11997:

Oldphoto.info – Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Army

9914: 8004:

Italian foreign policy in the interwar period, 1918–1940

5139: 4527:

in Prague in 1347, the second oldest university was the

4273:. The proposal was very popular among them. The Italian 4237:

and Bosnia and Herzegovina many advocated the idea of a

3802:. Károlyi followed suit on 16 November, proclaiming the 2831:

broke its dominion over a large part of Northern Italy (

1406:

only in 1889 at the request of the Hungarian government.

11874:

Sked, Alan. "Austria–Hungary and the First World War."

11585:

Sked, Alan. "Austria–Hungary and the First World War."

11179:

Usher, Roland G. "Austro-German Relations Since 1866."

10303:"The successor states to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy" 7283:. American Universities Field Staff. 1964. p. 44. 5886:(except its northern corner) and most of the oblast of 1204:

were also recognized by the victorious powers in 1920.

10666:

Austria–Hungary and the Origins of the First World War

10585:

The Decline and Fall of the Habsburg Empire, 1815–1918

10279: 10243: 10241: 9684: 9286:"Banking in Hungarian Economic Development, 1867–1919" 8634: 7919:

With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918

7881: 7538: 6733:, Presses Univ. Septentrion, 2002, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 4587:

Literacy in Kingdom of Hungary, incl. male and female

4088:) by German intellectuals and had always been granted 3682:

action, and 700,000 soldiers were wounded in the war.

3574:). As the Russian Empire collapsed as a result of the 1271:

Kaiserliche und königliche Monarchie Österreich-Ungarn

10075:"Unione Austriaca (Austro-Americana) / Cosulich Line" 8251: 6325:

The Essentials of Geography for School Year 1888–1889

5777:

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Austro-Hungarian condominium)

5358:(between the victors of World War I and Austria) and 5279:, which were separate national institutions, and the 4684:

Black Friday, 9 May 1873, Vienna Stock Exchange. The

2985:

the conflict between the two powers escalated into a

11976:

and the collapse of Austria–Hungary at omniatlas.com

11956: (archived 12 January 2008) – extensive list of 10786:

Francis Joseph: emperor of Austria — King of Hungary

10387: 8584:"Slovakia – Hungary Relations in the European Union" 7243: 6276:

Bosnia-Herzegovina is excluded from these estimates.

5555:, subsequently briefly restored and replaced by the 12487: 10915:(Cambridge University Press, 1987, pp. 72–150. 10296: 10294: 10238: 9472: 9470: 9370: 8878:(in Romanian). Bucharest: Biblioteca Bucureștilor. 8289:"Hungarian foreign ministers from 1848 to our days" 6660: 6658: 6421: 4080:

Italian was regarded as an old "culture language" (

3951:

Ethnic and religious composition of Austria-Hungary

3517:. Italy's victory marked the end of the war on the 2956:Recruits from Bosnia-Herzegovina, including Muslim 2878: 12037: 11930:Microsoft Encarta: The height of the dual monarchy 11507:Disjoined partners: Austria and Germany since 1815 11174:Eastern Europe: An Historical Geography: 1815–1945 10811:The Emergence of Industrial Societies vol 4 part 1 10596: 10555: 9569: 9567: 8949: 8814:Stvaranje-Države-SHS, Creation of the state of SHS 8164: 7675: 7310: 7214: 5162: 5009:Electric tramway lines in the Kingdom of Hungary: 4753:lost strength and agriculture was not productive. 3912:until it was fully annexed in 1908, provoking the 3893:(commonly known as the National Assembly) and the 2070:The Carpathian Basin before the Hungarian conquest 1142:until it was fully annexed in 1908, provoking the 13142: 11744:Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writers 10203: 10018: 8046:. Vol. I. Xlibris Corporation. p. 339. 7461:"Primary Documents: Austrian Ultimatum to Serbia" 7250:Djordjević, Dimitrije; Richard B. Spence (1992). 7104:"The Austrian Occupation of Novibazar, 1878–1909" 5451:New hand-drawn borders of Austria–Hungary in the 4558: 3256:, hoping to gain territory from its former ally. 1432:(Austria); "royal" in this label referred to the 18550: 10564:; highly detailed history; emphasis on ethnicity 10394:Tucker, Spencer; Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005). 10291: 9685:Broadberry, Stephen; O'Rourke, Kevin H. (2010). 9467: 9114:Karady, Victor; Nagy, Peter Tabor, eds. (2012). 8927:. Iași: Tipografia Națională. pp. 119–198. 8589:. Suedosteuropa-gesellschaft.com. Archived from 8029:Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War 7491:The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 6822:. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, the Netherlands. 6655: 6480:(in German). Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. 5621:the short-lived Ruthenian (Ukrainian and Rusyn) 5442: 4832: 4770:between the east and west, besides the existing 4245:, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and emperor and king 4241:monarchy; among the supporters of the idea were 4116:under his arm; this was to demonstrate that the 3371:and fought alongside British and French troops. 3223:, where he inquired about the standpoint of the 1323:Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen 1165:by the time the military authorities signed the 13173:Privilegiertes uniformiertes Grazer Bürgerkorps 10452: 10103:. Members.dame.at. 16 June 1908. Archived from 9564: 8693:Beniston, Judith; Vilain, Robert, eds. (2004). 8354:Hungary in World War II: Caught in the Cauldron 7195: 7189: 7140: 7128: 7090: 7017: 4934:Electric tramway lines in the Austrian Empire: 4931:Austria–Hungary was built in Budapest in 1887. 4506: 3521:and secured the dissolution of Austria–Hungary. 1390:(Army). The common army changed its label from 1345: 1122:, the northern and western parts of the former 64: 11566: 11466:The Austro-Hungarian Forces in World War I (2) 10913:Modern Austria: Empire and Republic, 1815–1986 9869:, fifth edition, Wolden Publishing Ltd, 2003, 9731: 8861:(in French). Émile Bouillon. pp. 240–256. 8803: 8742:"Jewish Self-Government in Galicia, 1815–1914" 8692: 7692: 7690: 7553:The First World War and International Politics 7196:Finestone, Jeffrey; Massie, Robert K. (1981). 6549: 6297:Citype – Internet – Portal Betriebsges.m.b.H. 4922: 4808:, today's Bratislava) in December 1847 and in 4281:conditions, and those living in the island of 3227:on 5 July and received a supportive response. 3184:Crowds on the streets in the aftermath of the 3050:annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina in October 1908 2993:tried to create a large pro-Russian Bulgaria. 18614:States and territories disestablished in 1918 17662: 16054: 15406: 13912: 13128: 12820: 12713: 12473: 12023: 11681:Bulletin of the American Geographical Society 11604:Austro-Hungarian Army and the First World War 11405: 11192:The Austro-Hungarian mind: at home and abroad 11144:A Short History of Austria–Hungary and Poland 11056:. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995. 10537:Österreichische und deutsche Rechtsgeschichte 10520:(in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. 10066: 9491: 9402:. Oxford University Press. pp. 106–108. 9395: 9257:Robert B. Kaplan; Richard B. Baldauf (2005). 9163: 9141:"The beginnings of the Alma Mater Rudolphina" 7861:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 24. 7579:"The failure of peace by negotiation in 1917" 7526:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. 121–161. 7453: 7386: 7096: 6357:. Vol. III (9th ed.). p. 118. 5005:(1895); Kraków (1901); Tarnów, Cieszyn (1911) 4883: 4761:of the Kingdom of Hungary with the centre of 3989:Ethno-linguistic map of Austria-Hungary, 1910 3109:History of Austria-Hungary during World War I 2780: 2005: 1798:History of Austria-Hungary during World War I 15369:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy 11900: 11736: 11147:. Encyclopaedia Britannica Company. p. 9375:. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. p. 80. 9094: 8924:O călătorie prin satele românești din Istria 8739: 8652: 8608: 8548: 8165:Buranbaeva, Oksana; Mladineo, Vanja (2011). 7834:The Serbs Volume 10 of The Peoples of Europe 7784:The New Cambridge Modern History. volume xii 7345: 7302: 7184:European Alliances and Alignments: 1871–1890 6976:European Alliances and Alignments: 1871–1890 6842: 6840: 6838: 6341: 5013:Hungary: Budapest (1887); Pressburg/Pozsony/ 4082: 4027: 4021: 3997: 3865: 1498:, and the institutions were "only" Croatian. 1484: 1464: 1456: 1448: 1440: 1418: 1410: 1400: 1392: 1384: 1376: 1364: 1357: 1334: 1275:Császári és Királyi Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia 1260: 1161:on 28 July 1914. It was already effectively 141: 48: 13703:Maximilian Daublebsky Freiherr von Sterneck 13646:Maximilian Daublebsky Freiherr von Sterneck 12744: 11869:Themes in Modern European History 1830–1890 11795: 11503: 11483:Kann, Robert A.; et al., eds. (1977). 10615:War and Revolution in Yugoslavia: 1941–1945 10558:A History of the Habsburg Empire: 1526–1918 9037: 8565: 8418: 7764:Kann, Robert A.; et al., eds. (1977). 7687: 7524:A Diplomatic History of the First World War 7066: 6860:"The War of 1866 and the Undoing of Vienna" 6599:"Könyvszemle (Book review): Kozári Monika: 3856:("Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen", or 3852:) in the western and northern half and the 3621: 3580:Russians ended their involvement in the war 3460:, with the nominal authority vested in the 3282:with military commanders during World War I 1534: 1474:, the lands of the Hungarian crown. In the 120: 18604:States and territories established in 1867 17669: 17655: 16061: 16047: 15413: 15399: 13919: 13905: 13135: 13121: 12720: 12706: 12480: 12466: 12030: 12016: 11406:Grátz, Gusztáv; Schüller, Richard (1928). 11141:Steed, Henry Wickham; et al. (1914). 10663: 10608: 10567: 10435: 10339:, Morgenblatt. 24 August 1919. p. 2. 10048:"Deutschlandfunk – Essay und Diskurs" 9691:. Cambridge University Press. p. 80. 9138: 9113: 9097:"A magyarországi zsidók a számok tükrében" 9025: 9013: 7809:The Russian Empire: A Multi-ethnic History 7712:. Cambridge University Press. p. 95. 7699:"Austria–Hungary's economy in World War I" 7655:The European Powers in the First World War 7380: 6988: 6781:on 27 March 2019 – via Google Books. 6569: 6290: 5674:Kingdoms and countries of Austria–Hungary 4012:Article 19 of the 1867 "Basic State Act" ( 3867:Ministerrat für gemeinsame Angelegenheiten 3494: 3374: 3344: 3146:is usually associated with the capture of 2820:was crushed by the Austrian military with 2787: 2773: 2012: 1998: 187: 174: 132:for 'Indivisibly and inseparably') 18619:1918 disestablishments in Austria-Hungary 11700: 11201:(1980) vol 7 DOI: 10.1163/187633080x00211 11000:The Grand Strategy of the Habsburg Empire 10866:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541621.001.0001 10479: 10355: 10333:"Die amtliche Meldung über den Rücktritt" 10181:. Ddsg-blue-danube.at. 13 November 2006. 9352: 9343: 9334: 9055:From 45,5% to 50,4%. Randolph L. Braham: 8916: 8914: 8740:Wierzbieniec, Wacław (28 December 2021), 8350: 8242: 8124: 8041: 8026: 8006:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 4. 7921:. Harvard University Press. p. 399. 7913: 7573: 7547: 7415: 7392: 7254:. East European Monographs. p. 313. 6835: 5467:New borders of Austria–Hungary after the 5329:of the former Austro–Hungarian monarchy: 4708:. The first Austrian stock exchange (the 4515:Literacy in Austria-Hungary (census 1880) 4494:Learn how and when to remove this message 4108:carrying what he claimed to be the whole 4004:ethnographic map of Austria-Hungary, 1885 3712:1918: Demise, disintegration, dissolution 3308:Archduke Friedrich von Österreich-Teschen 3294: 3259: 3124:Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 3102: 2944:Bosnia and Herzegovina in Austria-Hungary 1512:Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie/Reich 804:621,538 km (239,977 sq mi) 11746:(Rutledge, 1999) 1:60–63, historiography 11719:Recent Revelations of European Diplomacy 11678: 11657:. London: Shepheard–Walwyn. p. 416. 11652: 11454:The Dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy 11308: 11287: 11206:"Who's Who – Emperor Franz Josef I" 10996: 10899:The Economic Rise of the Habsburg Empire 10820: 10285: 10260: 9360:The Economic Rise of the Habsburg Empire 8995: 8975:. Oxford University Press. p. 299. 8898: 7969: 7831: 7806: 7351: 7308: 7280:Reports Service: Southeast Europe series 6857: 6680: 6678: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6433: 5525: 5462: 5446: 5375:and his communist government during the 5312: 5215: 5203: 5108: 4866: 4836: 4679: 4667: 4562: 4510: 4306: 4287: 4071: 3992: 3984: 3976: 3881:Hungary and Austria maintained separate 3827: 3819: 3715: 3668: 3504: 3487:was the first significant action of the 3384: 3269: 3191: 3179: 3137: 2951: 2882: 1211: 179: 15193: 12282:Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic 11945:Heraldry of the Austro-Hungarian Empire 11396: 11164:The reign of the Emperor Fransis Joseph 11072: 10808: 10171: 10072: 10040: 9283: 8871: 8854: 8825: 8640: 8197: 8001: 7763: 7696: 7633: 7520:Zeman, Z.A.B. (Zbyněk Anthony Bohuslav) 7503: 6888: 6832:Kann (1974); Sked (1989); Taylor (1964) 6760: 6447: 6181:Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1867–1918) 6161:Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I 5479: Border of Austria–Hungary in 1914 4142:in Hungary were obliged to ensure that 4100:as equal to their own. On one occasion 4076:Physical map of Austria-Hungary in 1914 4037:German nationalists, especially in the 3128:Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I 1207: 14: 18551: 16096:List of current non-sovereign monarchs 13524:Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten 12383:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin 11985:Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848–1918 11439: 10957:(University of California Press, 1972) 10918: 10908:(Time Life, 2000); heavily illustrated 10783: 10746: 10724:"Analysis: Austria's troubled history" 10644: 10603:(2nd ed.). London: Penguin Books. 10591: 10498: 10457:(Revised ed.). Harper & Row. 10400:(1 ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 1183. 10119: 10054:from the original on 14 September 2011 9838:from the original on 20 September 2013 9434: 9260:Language Planning and Policy in Europe 8920: 8911: 8705:Modern Humanities Research Association 8571: 8511: 8393: 8338: 8283: 8281: 8272: 8257: 8109: 7889:. Cambridge University Press. p. 7859:History of Modern Cremation in Romania 7836:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 235. 7681: 7652: 7170: 6973: 6817: 6127:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin 6089:– western part of the Municipality of 5616:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin 5413: 4716:) was opened in Budapest in 1864. The 4104:(Anastasius Grün) entered the Diet of 2851:of 1866 led to the dissolution of the 180:Austria-Hungary in 1914 on the eve of 17650: 16326: 16042: 15394: 13900: 13583:FML Josef Wilhelm Freiher von Gallina 13116: 12701: 12461: 12011: 11855:from the original on 22 February 2023 11643: 11448: 11430: 11335: 11244: 11140: 10855: 10690: 10632:from the original on 17 February 2024 10515: 10482:Österreichische Verfassungsgeschichte 10343:from the original on 26 December 2015 10185:from the original on 2 September 2011 10093: 9923:from the original on 28 November 2009 9139:Mühlberger, Kurt (27 February 2015). 8968: 8721:from the original on 14 November 2023 8536:from the original on 19 November 2023 8440: 8375:from the original on 10 November 2023 8313: 8066: 7956: 7941: 7856: 7778: 7518: 7485: 7421: 7220: 6813: 6811: 6685: 6675: 6603:: Modern magyar politikai rendszerek" 6477:Österreichische Statistik, Neue Folge 6430: 6171:Former countries in Europe after 1815 6166:Ethnic composition of Austria–Hungary 5597:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 5437: 5199: 5140:Inland waterways and river regulation 4790: 3693: 3054:Imperial & Royal finance ministry 1259:). The Austrians also used the names 1247:), though in international relations 17676: 15420: 13807:Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria 13508:Moritz Ritter Auffenberg von Komarów 12412:Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia 11964:History of Austro-Hungarian currency 11822: 11749: 11524: 11482: 11463: 10579: 10553: 10534: 10414:from the original on 14 January 2023 10145: 10133:from the original on 7 December 2011 9971: 9263:. Multilingual Matters. p. 56. 9151:from the original on 1 December 2022 9128:from the original on 9 October 2022. 9076:from the original on 14 October 2012 8844:from the original on 9 October 2022. 8328:from the original on 14 August 2024. 8226: 8091:from the original on 27 January 2024 7467:from the original on 30 October 2004 7110:from the original on 19 January 2012 7038: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7026: 6989:Wheatcroft, Andrew (28 April 2009). 6846: 5434:, where he died the following year. 5144:The first Danubian steamer company, 4432:adding citations to reliable sources 4403: 4335:are sometimes viewed as a model for 1490:) ("Royal"), since according to the 13857:Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria 13554:Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen 12165:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 11871:(Routledge, 2002) pp. 141–176. 11640:(Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2020). 11623:(Columbia University Press, 1986); 11571:. Wien/Köln/Weimar: Böhlau Verlag. 9665:Die Großindustrie Böhmens 1848–1918 9416:from the original on 3 January 2014 8278: 7422:Kröll, Herbert (28 February 2008). 7356:. Purdue University Press. p. 7287:from the original on 3 October 2023 6791: 6785: 6761:Kotulla, Michael (17 August 2008). 6406:correspond to dialects of what the 6097:(E) and the township of Igalo (NE)) 5589:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 5394:, who had been the last commanding 5382:In the summer of 1919, a Habsburg, 5298: 4256: 3768:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 3752:Czechoslovak provisional government 2912:Count Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust 2864:re-established Hungarian parliament 1541:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 1478:, the autonomous institutions used 1230:Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie 1128:Transleithania (Kingdom of Hungary) 1083:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 208:Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen 50:Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie 24: 16091:List of current sovereign monarchs 15665:Western European broadleaf forests 13544:Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen 13305: 13297: 13288: 12334:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic 11662: 11606:(Cambridge University Press 2021) 11510:. University of California Press. 11311:The Undermining of Austria–Hungary 11302:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1992.tb02392.x 10980:(Harvard University Press, 1951). 10715: 10300: 10261:Headlam, James Wycliffe (1911b). " 10077:. Theshipslist.com. Archived from 9953:from the original on 19 March 2022 9896:from the original on 12 March 2013 9552:from the original on 29 April 2014 9505:from the original on 11 March 2016 9501:(in Croatian). 28 September 2012. 9396:Norman Davies (24 February 2005). 8679:Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries, 8484:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2003. 7313:On Prejudice: A Global Perspective 7054:from the original on 13 March 2012 6808: 6596: 5647:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic 5559:, ultimately transformed into the 5262:Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen 3664: 2829:Second Italian War of Independence 1520:Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia/Birodalom 1470:) ("Royal Hungarian") referred to 1184:, whereas the independence of the 123:Indivisibiliter ac inseparabiliter 27:1867–1918 empire in Central Europe 25: 18640: 13767:Archduke Joseph August of Austria 13597:Friedrich Graf von Beck-Rzikowsky 13534:Supreme Commander of the Imperial 11911: 11567:Rauchensteiner, Manfried (2014). 11374:The Fall of the House of Habsburg 11093:Emperor Francis Joseph Of Austria 11045:Oakes, Elizabeth and Eric Roman. 10749:Slavonic and East European Review 10734:from the original on 23 June 2011 10562:. University of California Press. 9527:. Stuttgart, Franz Steiner 2004, 9043:The World Reacts to the Holocaust 8950:Spicijarić Paškvan, Nina (2014). 8931:from the original on 1 March 2021 8791:from the original on 29 June 2024 8622:from the original on 15 June 2013 8520:Central European University Press 8202:. Yale University Press. p. 8137:from the original on 5 March 2023 8125:Shanafelt, Gary W. (April 1999). 7959:Slavonic and East European Review 7023: 6955:from the original on 8 April 2024 6870:from the original on 31 July 2021 6613:from the original on 28 July 2013 6559:. Franklin-Társulat. p. 321. 6361:from the original on 5 March 2023 6301:. Wien-vienna.com. Archived from 6156:Diplomatic history of World War I 5530:Post-WWI borders on an ethnic map 5268:; the special armies, namely the 5146:Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft 4852: 4785: 4539:in 1364, while the third oldest ( 3452:, envisioned by its authors as a 3266:Diplomatic history of World War I 3209:Count Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf 2972:" was composed in their honor by 2425:Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen 1428:was the term for institutions of 1223:The realm's official name was in 218:Condominium of Bosnia-Herzegovina 18624:1918 disestablishments in Europe 16609:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13592:FML Anton Freiherr von Schönfeld 12579:Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia 12536:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria 12289:West Ukrainian People's Republic 11798:The Afterlife of Austria–Hungary 11212:from the original on 10 May 2009 11194:(East European Monographs, 1989) 11190:Várdy, Steven, and Agnes Várdy. 11066: 11033:from the original on 9 June 2023 10892:Historical Dictionary of Austria 10325: 10313:from the original on 5 June 2023 10248: 10225: 10197: 10012: 9965: 9935: 9908: 9882: 9859: 9850: 9824: 9815: 9806: 9796: 9787: 9770: 9752: 9725: 9705: 9678: 9657: 9648: 9639: 9630: 9621: 9586: 9538: 9517: 9458: 9428: 9389: 9379: 9364: 9319: 9310: 9277: 9250: 9224: 9198: 9132: 9116:"The numerus clausus in Hungary" 9107: 9088: 9062: 9049: 9031: 8989: 8962: 8943: 8892: 8865: 8848: 8819: 8773: 8762:from the original on 4 June 2024 8733: 8686: 8673: 8646: 7657:. Taylor & Francis. p. 7615:from the original on 26 May 2023 7506:Austrian Foreign Policy, 1908–18 7076:. 28 August 2009. Archived from 6686:Jayne, Kingsley Garland (1911). 6643:from the original on 16 May 2024 6514:from the original on 3 June 2023 6448:Headlam, James Wycliffe (1911). 6270: 6186:United States of Greater Austria 5679: 5627:West Ukrainian People's Republic 5584:Polish Soviet Socialist Republic 4859:Imperial Austrian State Railways 4732:, the fifth-largest in Europe. 4408: 4285:were fully assimilated by 1875. 4239:trialist Austro-Hungaro-Croatian 4138:As of June 1907, all public and 3961:United States of Greater Austria 3541:were halted on the river, where 3436:1916 was proclaimed then to the 2879:1866–1878: beyond Lesser Germany 2756: 2048: 1981: 1793:Assassination of Franz Ferdinand 1722:Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg 1569: 1382:(Navy) and, during the war, the 1089:and was dissolved shortly after 1032: 1018: 1004: 990: 976: 962: 948: 930: 916: 902: 873: 155: 91: 18564:Former countries in the Balkans 16086:Imperial, royal and noble ranks 13852:Gottfried Freiherr von Banfield 13516:Alexander Freiherr von Krobatin 12432:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia 12058:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 10986:Milward, Alan, and S. B. Saul. 10978:The Hapsburg Monarchy 1867–1914 10809:Cipolla, Carlo M., ed. (1973). 10453:Albrecht-Carrié, René (1973) . 10445: 8505: 8481:The New Encyclopædia Britannica 8472: 8434: 8399: 8344: 8307: 8220: 8191: 8158: 8149: 8118: 8103: 8060: 8035: 8020: 7995: 7950: 7935: 7907: 7875: 7850: 7825: 7800: 7772: 7757: 7646: 7627: 7567: 7512: 7497: 7479: 7443: 7271: 7176: 7155: 7146: 7074:"Austria-Hungary - MSN Encarta" 6982: 6967: 6933: 6882: 6864:Oxford Public International Law 6851: 6826: 6754: 6723: 6706: 6625: 6601:A dualista rendszer (1867–1918) 6590: 6563: 6543: 6526: 6500: 6484: 6256: 6233: 5595:, both later absorbed into the 5574:, contested by the short-lived 5163:Lower Danube and the Iron Gates 4592:Major nationalities in Hungary 4419:needs additional citations for 3944: 3412:and the great fortress city of 3162:, in which Catholic Croats and 3144:arrest of a suspect in Sarajevo 1504:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy/Realm 1476:Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia 1149:Austria-Hungary was one of the 16068: 15620:Alps conifer and mixed forests 13842:Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel 13724:Adm Karl Kailer von Kaltenfels 13715:Rudolf Graf/Conte Montecuccoli 13658:Rudolf Graf/Conte Montecuccoli 13239:Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops 12338:(Russian Civil War spill over) 12039:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary 11969:Austria–Hungary, Dual Monarchy 11504:Katzenstein, Peter J. (1976). 11456:. University of Chicago Press. 10964:The Habsburg Empire, 1790–1918 10825:. University of Exeter Press. 10664:Williamson, Samuel R. (1991). 9979:. In Županek, Bernarda (ed.). 9915:UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 8351:Cornelius, Deborah S. (2011). 8042:Cavallaro, Gaetano V. (2010). 6767:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 6764:Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte 6689:"Bosnia and Herzegovina" 6609:(in Hungarian). p. 1542. 6468: 6373: 6317: 6214: 6198: 5377:Hungarian–Romanian War of 1919 5182: 5104: 4559:Universities in Transleithania 3729:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary 3513:on 3 November 1918, after the 3351:Serbian Campaign (World War I) 3099:and precipitated World War I. 3097:assassinated the Austrian heir 2862:. On 20 March 1867, the newly 13: 1: 18609:1867 establishments in Europe 13564:Hermann Kövess von Kövessháza 13144:Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces 11940:The Austro-Hungarian Military 11925:Habsburg Empire Austrian line 11752:The Journal of Modern History 11732:detailed contemporary account 11376:(Viking, 1963). pp. 449. 11338:The Journal of Modern History 10618:. Stanford University Press. 9605:(in Croatian). Archived from 8314:Giant, Tibor (October 1996). 7979:. History.com. Archived from 7885:; O'Rourke, Kevin H. (2010). 7697:Schulze, Max-Stephan (2005). 7426:. Studienverlag. p. 55. 7354:Serbia's Great War, 1914–1918 6283: 5655:Principality of Liechtenstein 5443:Immediately after World War I 5424:regain the throne in Budapest 5344:Hungarian Democratic Republic 5252:Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces 4964:, Jablonec nad Nisou (1900); 4833:Electronic audio broadcasting 4724:. According to a 2005 study, 3824:Hungarian Parliament building 3816:Government of Austria-Hungary 3809: 3804:Hungarian Democratic Republic 3533:marched his army towards the 3470:Armistice of 11 November 1918 3076:The principal players in the 3065:, made the Emperor's nephew, 2365:Rákóczi's War of Independence 2330:Principality of Upper Hungary 2130:Hungarian invasions of Europe 1492:Croatian–Hungarian Settlement 1136:Croatian–Hungarian Settlement 942:Other territorial successors: 488:Minister-President of Austria 314:German, Hungarian, Croatian, 17737:Principality of Transylvania 16101:List of monarchy referendums 11960:, ministers, and ambassadors 11893: 11225: 11155:Sugar, Peter F. et al. eds. 10821:Cornwall, Mark, ed. (2002). 10499:Bridge, Francis Roy (1972). 9892:. Bkv.hu. 22 November 1918. 9890:"The History of BKV, Part 1" 9667:, München: Oldenbourg 1987, 9371:Max-Stephan Schulze (1996). 9206:"Miskolc and the University" 8903:(in Romanian). Vol. 9. 8901:Dialectele române din Istria 8427: – Compromise of 1867, 8406:The 1918 Karl's proclamation 8291:. Mfa.gov.hu. Archived from 7718:10.1017/CBO9780511497339.002 7710:The Economics of World War I 6054:Austro-Hungarian Condominium 4819: 4795: 4780:Second Industrial Revolution 4728:in 1913 was 105,515 million 4507:Universities in Cisleithania 4399: 4180:Charles University in Prague 4000:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 3832:Austrian Parliament building 3416:and fell in March 1915. The 3314: 3027:League of the Three Emperors 2818:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 2375:Principality of Transylvania 2300:Principality of Transylvania 153:: God preserve, God protect) 144:Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze 7: 18599:Hungary under Habsburg rule 18574:Former monarchies of Europe 17772:Interwar Kingdom of Hungary 15593:Military history of Austria 15583:Allied-administered Austria 13926: 13697:Friedrich Freiherr von Pöck 13691:VAdm Wilhelm von Tegetthoff 13640:Friedrich Freiherr von Pöck 13634:VAdm Wilhelm von Tegetthoff 13616:Arthur Arz von Straußenburg 13602:Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf 13465:Bylandt-Rheydt (der Ältere) 13244:Imperial and Royal Dragoons 13215:Imperial and Royal Infantry 12621:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 12372:and Transylvania to Romania 11668:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. 11489:. East European Quarterly. 11097:New York: Macmillan, 1929. 11080:. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). 10966:, New York, Macmillan 1969. 10860:. 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(1950). 6133: 5631:Ukrainian People's Republic 5566:First Czechoslovak Republic 5408:restored Kingdom of Hungary 5245: 4923:Tramway lines in the cities 4772:economic and monetary union 4235:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 3957:Trialism in Austria-Hungary 3501:Italian Front (World War I) 3381:Eastern Front (World War I) 3186:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 3160:Anti-Serb riots of Sarajevo 2889:Austro-Hungarian occupation 2580:Hungarian People's Republic 2515:Governorate of Subcarpathia 2455:Hungarian People's Republic 2185:Personal union with Croatia 1186:First Czechoslovak Republic 1132:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 10: 18645: 18584:House of Habsburg-Lorraine 13709:Hermann Freiherr von Spaun 13652:Hermann Freiherr von Spaun 13249:Imperial and Royal Hussars 13168:Imperial Austrian Landwehr 12684:Concession zone in Tianjin 12626:Fiume and its surroundings 12427:Hungarian–Czechoslovak War 12193:Republic of German-Austria 12175:Italian Regency of Carnaro 12124:Berthelot-Apáthy Agreement 12083:1920 Carinthian plebiscite 11829:European History Quarterly 11796:Kożuchowski, Adam (2013). 11780:European History Quarterly 11670:Austro-Hungarian red book. 11440:Herweg, Holger H. (2009). 11397:Dedijer, Vladimir (1966). 11381:American Historical Review 11229: 11181:American Historical Review 10919:Judson, Pieter M. (2016). 10784:Bagger, Eugene S. (1927). 10645:Watson, Alexander (2014). 10573:The Army of Francis Joseph 10233:The Army of Francis Joseph 10129:. Aeiou.at. 31 July 2001. 9444:. Routledge. p. 151. 9070:"Hungary – Social Changes" 8872:Zbuchea, Gheorghe (1999). 8002:Burgwyn, H. James (1997). 7832:Cirkovic, Sima M. (2008). 7811:. Routledge. p. 287. 7807:Kappeler, Andreas (2014). 7780:Mowat, C.L. (Charles Loch) 7397:. Zenith Imprint. p. 7309:Gioseffi, Daniela (1993). 6858:Lesaffer, Randall (2021). 6798:. In Baynes, T. S. (ed.). 6123:People's Republic of China 5668: 5302: 5249: 4884:Railways in Transleithania 4856: 4664:Economy of Austria-Hungary 4661: 4657: 4392:as minister of trade, and 4067:Count Kasimir Felix Badeni 3954: 3948: 3813: 3800:Republic of German Austria 3726: 3628:Romania during World War I 3625: 3498: 3402:Supreme National Committee 3378: 3348: 3318: 3298: 3263: 3131: 3117: 3113: 3106: 3061:(1867), and his only son, 2937: 2205:Mongol invasion of Hungary 1816:Republic of German-Austria 1624:Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy 1538: 1529: 1053:, also referred to as the 29: 18594:Modern history of Hungary 18589:Modern history of Austria 18478: 18315: 18234:Universities and colleges 18208: 18199: 18105: 18096: 17982: 17973: 17888: 17879: 17805: 17697: 17688: 17513: 17422: 17136: 16899: 16833: 16645: 16636: 16532: 16514: 16446: 16361: 16319: 16251: 16165: 16109: 16076: 16000: 15918: 15845: 15836: 15779: 15770: 15691: 15682: 15610: 15601: 15432: 15362: 15314: 14831: 14235: 13934: 13747:Archduke Eugen of Austria 13739: 13681: 13624: 13572: 13532: 13423: 13400: 13393: 13368: 13316: 13286: 13254:Imperial and Royal Uhlans 13183:Royal Croatian Home Guard 13150: 13096: 13029: 12921: 12917: 12816: 12740: 12642: 12606: 12496: 12392: 12356: 12259: 12241:Hungarian Soviet Republic 12228: 12185: 12152: 12104:Armistice of Villa Giusti 12096: 12045: 11737:Historiography and memory 11539:10.1017/S0008938900016435 11410:. Yale University Press. 11383:122.4 (2017): 1105–1136. 11266:10.1017/S0067237800020427 11254:Austrian History Yearbook 11159:(1990), pp. 252–294. 10990:(1977) pp. 271–331. 10961:Macartney, Carlile Aylmer 10674:10.1007/978-1-349-21163-0 10575:, Purdue University Press 10516:Džaja, Srećko M. (1994). 10368:The Columbia Encyclopedia 9499:"Telegraph Vienna-Zagreb" 9328:The Publisher, Volume 133 9041:; Rosenzveig, Charles H. 8198:Bassett, Richard (2015). 8110:Torrey, Glenn E. (1998). 7708:; Harrison, Mark (eds.). 7598:10.1017/S0018246X00013935 7352:Mitrović, Andrej (2007). 7198:The last courts of Europe 6903:10.1017/S000893890001476X 6116:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 6114:Other possessions of the 5553:Hungarian Soviet Republic 5371:. Romanian troops ousted 5369:Hungarian Soviet Republic 5260:was under the command of 4595:Rate of literacy in 1910 4243:Archduke Leopold Salvator 3758:signed by members of the 3608:Battle of the Piave river 3599:Vittorio Emanuele Orlando 3570:ensued (analogous to the 3515:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 3234:Herr von Bethmann Hollweg 3082:Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal 3035:Sandžak-Raška / Novibazar 2960:(31%), were drafted into 2570:Second Hungarian Republic 2465:Hungarian Soviet Republic 2415:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 2270:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 1266: 1245:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 1244: 1167:armistice of Villa Giusti 1081:: it was formed with the 852: 825: 815: 808: 800: 795: 791: 778: 761: 748: 735: 722: 709: 696: 683: 670: 657: 653: 632: 606: 580: 575:Two national legislatures 570: 566: 554: 544:• 1867–1871 (first) 542: 538: 530:Prime Minister of Hungary 528: 524: 512: 500: 496: 486: 482: 470: 458: 454: 444: 432: 422: 374: 310: 279: 271: 240: 171: 136: 116: 88: 83: 43:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 41: 32:Austria–Hungary relations 18213:Anti-Hungarian sentiment 17893:Administrative divisions 16238:Self-proclaimed monarchy 15615:Administrative divisions 15563:Federal State of Austria 13837:Viktor Dankl von Krasnik 13461:(FZM) Arthur Maximilian 12442:Uprising in West Hungary 12314:Slovak People's Republic 12272:Banat, Bačka and Baranja 12236:First Hungarian Republic 11841:10.1177/0265691410386424 11644:Wawro, Geoffrey (2014). 11613:12 December 2022 at the 11527:Central European History 10890:Fichtner, Paula Sutter. 10856:Evans, R. J. W. (2008). 10691:Zovko, Ljubomir (2007). 10605:; politics and diplomacy 10554:Kann, Robert A. (1974). 10210:The Statesman's Yearbook 10153:"Wörthersee Schifffahrt" 10127:"Österreichischer Lloyd" 10025:The Statesman's Yearbook 9284:Barcsay, Thomas (1991). 9191:27 February 2024 at the 9057:The Politics of Genocide 8899:Popovici, Iosif (1914). 8855:Weigand, Gustav (1892). 8359:Fordham University Press 7653:Tucker, Spencer (1996). 7317:. Anchor Books. p. 7152:Gooch, 1936, pp 366-438. 6891:Central European History 6191: 6140:Aftermath of World War I 6040:Poland (Polish parts of 6029:(autonomous province of 5859:Poland (voivodeships of 5568:, later "Czechoslovakia" 5549:First Hungarian Republic 5418:Austria had passed the " 5131:. The M1 line became an 4863:Hungarian State Railways 4388:as minister of finance, 4380:as Minister of Justice, 4229:(1859–1878) and Serbia. 3777:On 17 October 1918, the 3772:a large South Slav state 3622:Romanian front 1916–1917 3440:jointly by the Emperors 3418:Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive 2610:Third Hungarian Republic 1887:Second Austrian Republic 1836:Federal State of Austria 1535:Formation and background 1366:kaiserlich und königlich 1240:Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia 1169:on 3 November 1918. The 1085:in the aftermath of the 833:Gulden / florin 624:House of Representatives 107:Flags of Austria-Hungary 66:Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia 18121:Hungarian National Bank 17752:Austro-Hungarian Empire 16506:Vatican City (Holy See) 15650:Pannonian mixed forests 15553:First Austrian Republic 13757:Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli 13728:Adm Maximilian Njegovan 13668:Adm Maximilian Njegovan 13588:Franz Freiherr von John 13437:Franz Freiherr von John 12417:Polish–Czechoslovak War 12309:Republic of Heinzenland 12220:First Austrian Republic 11823:Kwan, Jonathan (2011). 11702:2027/mdp.39015004037399 11653:Zametica, John (2017). 11431:Healy, Maureen (2007). 11309:Cornwall, Mark (2000). 11245:Boyer, John W. (2003). 11208:. First World War.com. 11083:Encyclopædia Britannica 11074:Pribram, Alfred Francis 10272:Encyclopædia Britannica 10179:"DDSG Blue Danube GmbH" 9981:Emona: Myth and Reality 9867:Europe Review 2003/2004 9834:. beyondtheforest.com. 9732:Iván T. Berend (2003). 8958:(in Croatian): 345–358. 8921:Burada, Teodor (1896). 8667:10.1163/187633080X00202 8512:Balázs, Éva H. (1997). 8429:Encyclopædia Britannica 8112:Romania and World War I 8067:Lowry, Bullitt (2000). 7942:Healy, Maureen (2007). 7636:East European Quarterly 7504:Pribram, A. F. (1923). 7223:One Morning in Sarajevo 6993:. Basic Books. p. 6949:Encyclopedia Britannica 6801:Encyclopædia Britannica 6699:Encyclopædia Britannica 6461:Encyclopædia Britannica 6451:"Austria-Hungary" 6418:was also known by many. 6381:Encyclopædia Britannica 6354:Encyclopædia Britannica 5867:, southernmost part of 5309:Treaty of Saint Germain 4714:Budapest Stock Exchange 4529:Jagiellonian University 4525:H.R. Emperor Charles IV 4301:Neolog Jewish community 4057:(Turócszentmárton) and 4055:Turčiansky Svätý Martin 3860:) in the eastern half. 3495:Italian front 1915–1918 3485:Battle of Zborov (1917) 3375:Russian front 1914–1917 3345:Serbian front 1914–1916 3205:Count Leopold Berchtold 2659:History of Transylvania 2165:Principality of Hungary 1882:Allied-occupied Austria 1821:First Austrian Republic 1175:First Austrian Republic 1063:constitutional monarchy 1061:, was a multi-national 1055:Austro-Hungarian Empire 766:Treaty of Saint-Germain 439:Constitutional monarchy 280:Official languages 18277:International rankings 18152:Science and technology 18032:Chief of General Staff 17727:Ottoman–Hungarian wars 16788:Islands of Refreshment 16218:Legitimacy (political) 15523:Siege of Vienna (1529) 15503:Margraviate of Austria 13536:and Royal Armed Forces 13497:General der Infanterie 13449:General der Kavallerie 13310: 13302: 13293: 13178:Royal Hungarian Honvéd 13098:Bosnia and Herzegovina 12652:Bosnia and Herzegovina 12569:Margraviate of Moravia 12422:Hungarian–Romanian War 12329:Slovak Soviet Republic 12299:Republic of Tarnobrzeg 12208:Bohemian Forest Region 12114:Hodža-Bartha Agreement 12088:1921 Sopron plebiscite 12078:Paris Peace Conference 11901: 11885:31 August 2018 at the 11782:48.3 (2018): 516–533. 11724:Steed, Henry Wickham. 11009:10.23943/9781400889969 10569:Rothenberg, Gunther E. 10371:. 2012. Archived from 9876:14 August 2024 at the 9523:Kiesewetter, Herbert: 8244:10.14296/RiH/2014/1846 7857:Rotar, Marius (2013). 6818:Laszlo, Péter (2011). 6597:Szávai, Ferenc Tibor. 6536:, p. 295. Peter Lang ( 6532:Schulze, Max-Stephan. 6251: 6243: 6150:Corporative federalism 6061:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5871:(Bielsko and Cieszyn)) 5846:and small portions of 5572:Second Polish Republic 5531: 5523: 5519:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5460: 5384:Archduke Joseph August 5322: 5227: 5213: 5114: 5037:(1900); Szatmárnémeti/ 4872: 4842: 4737:gross national product 4693: 4677: 4568: 4535:by the King of Poland 4516: 4396:as minister of trade. 4333:Christian Social Party 4320: 4304: 4213:in the crown lands of 4156:The Balkans, 1804–1999 4083: 4077: 4034: 4028: 4023:landesübliche Sprachen 4022: 4005: 3998: 3990: 3982: 3902: 3866: 3833: 3825: 3785:, seized power in the 3724: 3678: 3522: 3478:Second Polish Republic 3393: 3321:Hungary in World War I 3295:Theaters of operations 3283: 3260:Wartime foreign policy 3238: 3200: 3199:armoured train in 1914 3189: 3151: 3103:1914–1918: World War I 2977: 2908:Lesser German Solution 2900:Peace of Prague (1866) 2891: 2847:) while defeat in the 1684:Margraviate of Austria 1519: 1511: 1485: 1465: 1457: 1449: 1441: 1419: 1411: 1401: 1393: 1385: 1377: 1365: 1358: 1346: 1335: 1310: 1306: 1298: 1294: 1286: 1282: 1274: 1270: 1261: 1256: 1252: 1238: 1228: 1220: 1190:Second Polish Republic 142: 121: 65: 49: 18535:48.20750°N 16.36500°E 17722:Late Medieval Kingdom 17717:High Medieval Kingdom 16599:Saint Kitts and Nevis 16188:Criticism of monarchy 16178:Abolition of monarchy 15339:Medieval great powers 13309: 13301: 13292: 13205:Military Intelligence 13158:Austro-Hungarian Army 12324:Republic of Prekmurje 12109:Armistice of Belgrade 11917:Articles relating to 11726:The Hapsburg monarchy 11602:Tunstall, Graydon A. 11390:16 March 2023 at the 11319:10.1057/9780230286351 11230:Further information: 11183:23.3 (1918): 577–595 11134:5 August 2021 at the 10997:Mitchell, A. (2018). 10953:Johnston, William M. 10929:10.4159/9780674969346 10761:10.1353/see.2009.0004 10535:Hoke, Rudolf (1996). 9095:László Sebők (2012). 9072:. Countrystudies.us. 9003:. Norton. p. 60. 8969:Vital, David (1999). 8322:University of Warwick 7200:. Dent. p. 247. 6252:Ausztria–Magyarország 5848:Friuli-Venezia Giulia 5629:(later absorbed into 5529: 5491: Borders in 1920 5485: Borders in 1914 5466: 5450: 5356:Saint-Germain-en-Laye 5354:The 1919 Treaties of 5325:There were two legal 5316: 5293:Austro-Hungarian Navy 5258:Austro-Hungarian Army 5233:Kaiser Franz Joseph I 5219: 5210:Kaiser Franz Joseph I 5207: 5112: 4870: 4840: 4776:Industrial Revolution 4683: 4671: 4566: 4537:Casimir III the Great 4514: 4310: 4291: 4075: 4018: 3996: 3988: 3980: 3930:constitutional crisis 3831: 3823: 3719: 3703:Austrians viewed the 3672: 3508: 3414:Przemyśl was besieged 3388: 3357:Imperial Russian Army 3273: 3264:Further information: 3229: 3195: 3183: 3141: 3134:Causes of World War I 3132:Further information: 2991:Treaty of San Stefano 2966:Austro-Hungarian Army 2955: 2886: 2873:Holy Crown of Hungary 2806:Treaty of Passarowitz 2684:Transylvanian Princes 2535:Revisions of Délvidék 2320:Wesselényi conspiracy 2100:Kingdom of the Gepids 1269:) (in detail German: 1257:Ausztria-Magyarország 1215: 1194:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1138:in 1868. After 1878, 311:Common languages 18466:World Heritage Sites 18338:Palaces and mansions 17702:Hungarian prehistory 16431:United Arab Emirates 15670:World Heritage Sites 15513:Archduchy of Austria 15349:European colonialism 15334:Ancient great powers 13792:Karol Durski-Trzaska 13752:Franz Rohr von Denta 13732:RAdm Franz von Holub 13720:Grand Adm Anton Haus 13663:Grand Adm Anton Haus 13433:Feldmarschalleutnant 12671:(de facto 1878–1908) 12668:Sanjak of Novi Pazar 12595:County of Vorarlberg 12547:Gorizia and Gradisca 12506:Archduchy of Austria 12407:Polish–Ukrainian War 12267:Republic of Zakopane 12213:German South Moravia 12053:Treaty of Versailles 11789:5 March 2023 at the 11630:5 March 2023 at the 11560:5 March 2023 at the 11464:Jung, Peter (2003). 11399:The Road to Sarajevo 11283:on 11 February 2020. 11157:A History of Hungary 11113:Rudolph, Richard L. 10923:. pp. 264–436. 10697:University of Mostar 10363:"Trianon, Treaty of" 10231:Gunther Rothenburg, 9974:"Sustained Interest" 9972:Žmuc, Irena (2010). 9546:"Telegráf – Lexikon" 9103:on 20 February 2015. 8837:(in Romanian): 3–9. 8810:Budisavljević, Srđan 8441:Roman, Eric (2009). 8411:8 March 2021 at the 8227:Uyar, Mesut (2015). 7745:on 29 September 2018 7555:. pp. 139–148. 7141:Albrecht-Carrié 1973 7129:Albrecht-Carrié 1973 7091:Albrecht-Carrié 1973 7018:Albrecht-Carrié 1973 6945:"History of Austria" 6101:Sandžak-Raška region 5874:Ukraine (oblasts of 5400:Grand Trianon Palace 5192:floods in the area. 4972:(1902); Budějovice, 4928:Horse-drawn tramways 4698:Technological change 4541:University of Vienna 4428:improve this article 4384:as Minister of War, 4148:spheres of influence 3885:, each with its own 3779:Hungarian Parliament 3595:coalition government 3576:Bolshevik Revolution 3489:Czechoslovak Legions 3448:out of territory of 3142:This picture of the 2970:Die Bosniaken kommen 2853:German Confederation 2385:Hungarian Reform Era 2065:Hungarian prehistory 1770:German Confederation 1755:Archduchy of Austria 1420:kaiserlich-königlich 1208:Name and terminology 1177:were treated as its 1110:At its core was the 817:• 1910 estimate 502:• 1867 (first) 18531: / 17627:Trinidad and Tobago 17514:Commonwealth realms 17399:United Baltic Duchy 16542:Antigua and Barbuda 16534:Commonwealth realms 16228:Order of succession 15904:freedom of religion 15491:Ostrogothic Kingdom 15344:Modern great powers 13802:Tadeusz Rozwadowski 13625:Commanders-in-Chief 13610:Blasius von Schemua 13445:Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld 12531:Kingdom of Dalmatia 12170:Free State of Fiume 11990:28 May 2014 at the 11806:10.2307/j.ctt7zw9vt 11596:1 June 2022 at the 11587:Histoire@ Politique 11372:Crankshaw, Edward. 11199:East Central Europe 10921:The Habsburg Empire 10911:Jelavich, Barbara. 10730:. 3 February 2000. 10375:on 28 December 2008 9298:on 17 November 2014 9238:on 19 November 2012 8655:East Central Europe 8618:. Verfassungen.de. 8449:Infobase Publishing 8396:, pp. 542–556. 8341:, pp. 541–542. 8275:, pp. 536–540. 7883:Broadberry, Stephen 7706:Broadberry, Stephen 7493:. pp. 420–430. 7186:pp. 138, 155–6, 163 7173:, pp. 338–339. 7093:, pp. 201–214. 6792:Kay, David (1878). 6570:Eric Roman (2003). 6305:on 23 November 2011 6003:Romania (region of 5996:Ukraine (oblast of 5900:Montenegro (bay of 5893:Romania (county of 5844:province of Belluno 5675: 5580:Tarnobrzeg Republic 5543:Republic of Austria 5414:Habsburg banishment 5364:Republic of Austria 5338:Republic of Austria 5225:Kingdom of Dalmatia 5129:World Heritage Site 5045:(1905); Nagyszeben/ 4945:Austrian Littoral: 4588: 4351:could ignite other 4311:Orthodox Jews from 4295:Great Synagogue in 4193:and in the eastern 4129:Laibach (Ljubljana) 4059:Kláštor pod Znievom 3637:Romania (including 3556:punitive expedition 3427:revolutions of 1917 3207:and Army Commander 2924:Franco-Prussian war 2902:which settled the " 2896:Austro-Prussian war 2849:Austro-Prussian War 2810:revolutions of 1848 2525:Second Vienna Award 2110:Ostrogothic Kingdom 1749:Early modern period 1629:Ostrogothic Kingdom 1450:königlich-ungarisch 1378:k.u.k. Kriegsmarine 1105:Bosnian Condominium 1087:Austro-Prussian War 556:• 1918 (last) 514:• 1918 (last) 352:Romani (Carpathian) 18540:48.20750; 16.36500 18416:Hungarian language 18267:Hungarian diaspora 18167:Telecommunications 17792:Revolution of 1956 17747:Revolution of 1848 15814:Telecommunications 15558:Austrian Civil War 15538:Congress of Vienna 15533:March Constitution 15452:Kingdom of Noricum 13311: 13303: 13294: 13188:42nd Inf. Division 12616:Kingdom of Hungary 12521:Duchy of Carinthia 12511:Kingdom of Bohemia 12437:Silesian Uprisings 12251:Kingdom of Hungary 12246:Hungarian Republic 11876:Histoire Politique 11468:. Bloomsbury USA. 11237:Bassett, Richard. 10973:(Routledge, 2014). 10587:. London: Longman. 10000:on 5 November 2013 9919:. whc.unesco.org. 9663:Brousek; Karl M.: 8905:Halle an der Saale 8785:www.britannica.com 8696:The Austrian Lyric 8415:. British Library. 8324:. pp. 81–82. 8234:Reviews in History 7586:Historical Journal 7508:. pp. 68–128. 7487:Clark, Christopher 7143:, p. 259–272. 7080:on 28 August 2009. 6637:www.britannica.com 6391:as "Gypsies"; the 6334:6 May 2023 at the 6176:Hungarian nobility 5922:Kingdom of Hungary 5856:(Dalmatia, Istria) 5763:Kingdom of Hungary 5673: 5561:Kingdom of Hungary 5557:Hungarian Republic 5541:(which became the 5532: 5524: 5509:Kingdom of Hungary 5461: 5438:Territorial legacy 5348:Kingdom of Hungary 5336:(which became the 5323: 5228: 5214: 5200:Shipping and ports 5187:The length of the 5115: 5049:(1905); Nagyvárad/ 4983:(Troppau) (1905), 4979:Austrian Silesia: 4956:, Olomouc (1899); 4873: 4843: 4826:telephone exchange 4791:Telecommunications 4768:division of labour 4694: 4678: 4586: 4573:Louis I of Hungary 4569: 4553:University of Lwów 4521:Charles University 4517: 4374:Kingdom of Hungary 4321: 4305: 4221:(today's northern 4114:Slovene literature 4102:Count A. Auersperg 4078: 4006: 3991: 3983: 3854:Kingdom of Hungary 3838:Compromise of 1867 3834: 3826: 3760:Yugoslav Committee 3725: 3694:Analysis of defeat 3679: 3539:Royal Italian Army 3523: 3509:Italian troops in 3456:controlled by the 3423:Brusilov Offensive 3394: 3284: 3201: 3190: 3152: 3086:Alexander Izvolsky 3031:Reinsurance Treaty 3019:defensive alliance 2978: 2940:Congress of Berlin 2892: 2845:Parma and Piacenza 2763:Hungary portal 2664:Hungarian language 2654:History of Hungary 2590:Revolution of 1956 2505:First Vienna Award 2495:Kingdom of Hungary 2475:Hungarian Republic 2395:Revolution of 1848 2340:Kingdom of Hungary 2215:Kingdom of Hungary 2175:Kingdom of Hungary 2140:Hungarian conquest 1988:Austria portal 1864:National Socialism 1737:Duchy of Carinthia 1689:House of Babenberg 1595:Kingdom of Noricum 1372:Imperial and Royal 1262:k. u. k. Monarchie 1251:was used (German: 1221: 1198:Kingdom of Romania 1171:Kingdom of Hungary 1071:Emperor of Austria 752:Hungarian Republic 713:Invasion of Serbia 18579:Habsburg monarchy 18514: 18513: 18474: 18473: 18257:Human trafficking 18195: 18194: 18092: 18091: 18056:Political parties 18002:Foreign relations 17969: 17968: 17875: 17874: 17787:People's Republic 17767:Treaty of Trianon 17644: 17643: 17640: 17639: 17329:Piedmont-Sardinia 17081:Sip Song Chau Tai 16891:Thirteen Colonies 16632: 16631: 16036: 16035: 15996: 15995: 15832: 15831: 15766: 15765: 15758:Political parties 15711:Foreign relations 15678: 15677: 15588:History of Vienna 15518:Habsburg monarchy 15442:Hallstatt culture 15388: 15387: 15310: 15309: 15275:Polish–Lithuanian 14450:Gurjara-Pratihara 13894: 13893: 13890: 13889: 13762:Svetozar Boroević 13673:Adm Miklós Horthy 13425:Ministers for War 13110: 13109: 13092: 13091: 12913: 12912: 12812: 12811: 12728:Elections in the 12695: 12694: 12676:Carpathian passes 12631:Military Frontier 12574:Duchy of Salzburg 12541:Austrian Littoral 12526:Duchy of Carniola 12516:Duchy of Bukovina 12455: 12454: 12447:Battle of Budaörs 12377:Austrian Littoral 12352: 12351: 12294:Komancza Republic 12068:Treaty of Trianon 11878:1 (2014): 16–49. 11815:978-0-822-97917-3 11742:Boyd, Kelly, ed. 11589:1 (2014): 16–49. 11578:978-3-205-79588-9 11517:978-0-520-02945-3 11328:978-1-349-42240-1 11162:Tschuppik, Karl. 11090:Redlich, Joseph. 11078:"Austrian Empire" 11018:978-1-400-88996-9 10938:978-0-674-96934-6 10875:978-0-199-54162-1 10706:978-9-958-92712-6 10683:978-0-333-42081-2 10656:978-0-4650-9488-2 10625:978-0-804-77924-1 10491:978-3-214-14876-8 10407:978-1-851-09420-2 10337:Neue Freie Presse 10205:John Scott-Keltie 10107:on 30 August 2011 10081:on 1 October 2011 10020:John Scott-Keltie 9990:978-9-616-50920-6 9949:. 31 March 2020. 9745:978-0-520-23299-0 9698:978-1-139-48951-5 9673:978-3-486-51871-9 9548:. Kislexikon.hu. 9451:978-1-135-91768-5 9409:978-0-199-25340-1 9270:978-1-853-59811-1 9181:, 9781317118442. 8982:978-0-198-21980-4 8907:. pp. 21–32. 8885:978-9-739-89188-2 8755:978-90-04-50161-4 8491:978-0-852-29961-6 8458:978-0-816-07469-3 8361:. pp. 9–10. 8213:978-0-300-17858-6 8184:978-0-313-38370-0 8169:. Bonn, Germany: 8053:978-1-4010-8426-4 8013:978-0-275-94877-1 7928:978-0-674-06319-8 7900:978-1-139-48951-5 7868:978-1-4438-4542-7 7843:978-1-405-14291-5 7818:978-1-317-56810-0 7793:978-0-521-04551-3 7727:978-0-521-85212-8 7668:978-0-8153-0399-2 7433:978-3-706-54526-6 7408:978-1-616-73964-5 7367:978-1-557-53477-4 7328:978-0-385-46938-8 7261:978-0-880-33217-0 7232:978-0-297-85608-5 7207:978-0-460-04519-3 7106:. Mount HolyOak. 7004:978-0-786-74454-1 6774:978-3-540-48707-4 6383:(1878), although 6244:Österreich-Ungarn 6204:Including 64–66% 6145:Austrian nobility 6063:(the villages of 5790:Empire of Austria 5782: 5781: 5691:Empire of Austria 5643:Komancza Republic 5612:Republic of China 5593:Kingdom of Serbia 5551:which became the 5499:Empire of Austria 5469:Treaty of Trianon 5453:Treaty of Trianon 5319:Treaty of Trianon 5305:Treaty of Trianon 5270:Austrian Landwehr 5029:(1897); Temesvár/ 5017:(1895); Szabadka/ 4897:commuter railways 4702:industrialization 4655: 4654: 4543:) was founded by 4523:) was founded by 4504: 4503: 4496: 4478: 4443:"Austria-Hungary" 4353:ethnic minorities 4094:official language 4014:Staatsgrundgesetz 3796:Heinrich Lammasch 3756:Corfu Declaration 3721:Karl I of Austria 3446:Kingdom of Poland 3434:Act of 5 November 3410:Battle of Lemberg 3390:Siege of Przemyśl 3337:By summer 1918, " 3301:Theater (warfare) 2999:Benjamin Disraeli 2916:Otto von Bismarck 2898:was ended by the 2797: 2796: 2628: 2627: 2600:Goulash Communism 2553: 2552: 2485:Treaty of Trianon 2348: 2347: 2233: 2232: 2148: 2147: 2022: 2021: 1846:Ostmark (Austria) 1717:Holy Roman Empire 1712:House of Habsburg 1694:Privilegium Minus 1641:Early Middle Ages 1586:Hallstatt culture 1279:Danubian Monarchy 1267:k. u. k. monarchy 1253:Österreich-Ungarn 1159:Kingdom of Serbia 1079:Habsburg monarchy 1048: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1040: 1039: 896:Legal successors: 886: 885: 782:Treaty of Trianon 773:10 September 1919 739:Austrian Republic 619:House of Magnates 598:House of Deputies 519:Heinrich Lammasch 472:• 1916–1918 460:• 1867–1916 165: 18:Austria-Hungarian 16:(Redirected from 18636: 18629:Christian states 18546: 18545: 18543: 18542: 18541: 18536: 18532: 18529: 18528: 18527: 18524: 18494: 18487: 18385: 18378: 18371: 18364: 18340: 18333: 18236: 18206: 18205: 18143: 18123: 18103: 18102: 18082: 18068: 17980: 17979: 17945: 17938: 17931: 17903:Cities and towns 17886: 17885: 17732:Habsburg Kingdom 17695: 17694: 17671: 17664: 17657: 17648: 17647: 17568:Irish Free State 17334:Poland–Lithuania 16643: 16642: 16594:Papua New Guinea 16324: 16323: 16063: 16056: 16049: 16040: 16039: 16016: 16009: 15843: 15842: 15777: 15776: 15689: 15688: 15608: 15607: 15508:Duchy of Austria 15415: 15408: 15401: 15392: 15391: 15191: 15190: 14856:Austro-Hungarian 14556:Chagatai Khanate 13921: 13914: 13907: 13898: 13897: 13847:Stjepan Sarkotić 13832:Maximilian Ronge 13797:Gheorghe Flondor 13787:Georg Dragičević 13549:Francis Joseph I 13451:(GdK) Alexander 13410:Francis Joseph I 13398: 13397: 13220:Alpine companies 13137: 13130: 13123: 13114: 13113: 12923:Croatia-Slavonia 12919: 12918: 12818: 12817: 12742: 12741: 12722: 12715: 12708: 12699: 12698: 12688: 12680: 12672: 12664: 12635: 12597: 12563: 12556: 12549: 12488:Subdivisions of 12482: 12475: 12468: 12459: 12458: 12402:Aster Revolution 12393:Post World War I 12375:South Tyrol and 12340: 12339: 12183: 12182: 12153:Successor states 12074: 12073: 12064: 12063: 12032: 12025: 12018: 12009: 12008: 11936:31 October 2009) 11904: 11864: 11862: 11860: 11819: 11775: 11714: 11704: 11658: 11649: 11582: 11550: 11533:(2–3): 120–139. 11521: 11500: 11479: 11457: 11445: 11436: 11427: 11402: 11369: 11332: 11305: 11284: 11282: 11276:. 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Archived from 9978: 9969: 9963: 9962: 9960: 9958: 9939: 9933: 9932: 9930: 9928: 9912: 9906: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9886: 9880: 9863: 9857: 9854: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9843: 9828: 9822: 9819: 9813: 9810: 9804: 9800: 9794: 9791: 9785: 9774: 9768: 9756: 9750: 9749: 9729: 9723: 9709: 9703: 9702: 9682: 9676: 9661: 9655: 9652: 9646: 9643: 9637: 9634: 9628: 9625: 9619: 9618: 9616: 9614: 9609:on 11 March 2016 9599: 9593: 9590: 9584: 9583: 9582:on 31 July 2013. 9578:. Archived from 9571: 9562: 9561: 9559: 9557: 9542: 9536: 9521: 9515: 9514: 9512: 9510: 9495: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9484: 9474: 9465: 9462: 9456: 9455: 9432: 9426: 9425: 9423: 9421: 9393: 9387: 9383: 9377: 9376: 9368: 9362: 9356: 9350: 9347: 9341: 9338: 9332: 9331: 9323: 9317: 9314: 9308: 9307: 9305: 9303: 9297: 9290: 9281: 9275: 9274: 9254: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9243: 9234:. Archived from 9228: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9217: 9208:. Archived from 9202: 9196: 9167: 9161: 9160: 9158: 9156: 9136: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9120: 9111: 9105: 9104: 9092: 9086: 9085: 9083: 9081: 9066: 9060: 9053: 9047: 9046: 9035: 9029: 9023: 9017: 9011: 9005: 9004: 8997:Zacharia, Fareed 8993: 8987: 8986: 8966: 8960: 8959: 8947: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8936: 8918: 8909: 8908: 8896: 8890: 8889: 8869: 8863: 8862: 8852: 8846: 8845: 8843: 8832: 8823: 8817: 8807: 8801: 8800: 8798: 8796: 8777: 8771: 8770: 8769: 8767: 8737: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8701:Maney Publishing 8690: 8684: 8677: 8671: 8670: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8612: 8606: 8605: 8603: 8601: 8596:on 20 March 2012 8595: 8588: 8580: 8574: 8569: 8563: 8552: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8476: 8470: 8469: 8467: 8465: 8438: 8432: 8422: 8416: 8403: 8397: 8391: 8385: 8384: 8382: 8380: 8348: 8342: 8336: 8330: 8329: 8311: 8305: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8285: 8276: 8270: 8261: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8224: 8218: 8217: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8162: 8156: 8155:See: 1910 census 8153: 8147: 8146: 8144: 8142: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8114:. Histria Books. 8107: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8064: 8058: 8057: 8039: 8033: 8032: 8024: 8018: 8017: 7999: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7973: 7967: 7966: 7954: 7948: 7947: 7939: 7933: 7932: 7915:Stevenson, David 7911: 7905: 7904: 7879: 7873: 7872: 7854: 7848: 7847: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7804: 7798: 7797: 7776: 7770: 7769: 7761: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7750: 7744: 7738:. Archived from 7703: 7694: 7685: 7679: 7673: 7672: 7650: 7644: 7643: 7631: 7625: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7614: 7583: 7575:Stevenson, David 7571: 7565: 7564: 7549:Stevenson, David 7545: 7536: 7535: 7516: 7510: 7509: 7501: 7495: 7494: 7483: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7463:. 24 May 2003 . 7457: 7451: 7447: 7441: 7440: 7419: 7413: 7412: 7390: 7384: 7378: 7372: 7371: 7349: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7335: 7316: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7294: 7292: 7275: 7269: 7268: 7247: 7241: 7240: 7218: 7212: 7211: 7193: 7187: 7180: 7174: 7168: 7162: 7159: 7153: 7150: 7144: 7138: 7132: 7126: 7120: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7100: 7094: 7088: 7082: 7081: 7070: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7040: 7021: 7015: 7009: 7008: 6986: 6980: 6979: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6937: 6931: 6930: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6855: 6849: 6844: 6833: 6830: 6824: 6823: 6815: 6806: 6805: 6797: 6789: 6783: 6782: 6777:. Archived from 6758: 6752: 6729:Eva Philippoff: 6727: 6721: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6691: 6682: 6673: 6664:Minahan, James. 6662: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6629: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6594: 6588: 6587: 6567: 6561: 6560: 6547: 6541: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6504: 6498: 6497: 6488: 6482: 6481: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6453: 6445: 6428: 6425: 6419: 6397: 6377: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6345: 6339: 6323:Fisher, Gilman. 6321: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6294: 6277: 6274: 6268: 6260: 6254: 6237: 6231: 6218: 6212: 6202: 5983:corpus separatum 5975:Međimurje county 5803:Austria (except 5773:Croatia-Slavonia 5683: 5676: 5672: 5607:Kingdom of Italy 5516: 5506: 5496: 5490: 5484: 5478: 5327:successor states 5299:Successor states 5169:István Széchenyi 5061:(1911); Újvidék/ 4987:(Cieszyn) (1911) 4976:, Jihlava (1909) 4974:České Budějovice 4847:Telefon Hírmondó 4589: 4585: 4577:Mattias Corvinus 4499: 4492: 4488: 4485: 4479: 4477: 4436: 4412: 4404: 4394:József Szterényi 4331:politics of the 4257:Ethnic relations 4118:Slovene language 4098:Slavic languages 4086: 4031: 4025: 4003: 3895:Imperial Council 3869: 3787:Aster Revolution 3673:War memorial in 3468:. Following the 3369:Macedonian front 3011:Greater Bulgaria 2906:" in favor of a 2833:Lombardy, Veneto 2801:Battle of Mohács 2789: 2782: 2775: 2761: 2760: 2759: 2566: 2565: 2361: 2360: 2310:Bocskai uprising 2246: 2245: 2161: 2160: 2096: 2095: 2052: 2042: 2024: 2023: 2014: 2007: 2000: 1986: 1985: 1984: 1930:Military history 1915:Economic history 1876:Post-war Austria 1727:Duchy of Austria 1674:Frankish Kingdom 1573: 1563: 1545: 1544: 1488: 1468: 1460: 1452: 1444: 1434:Crown of Bohemia 1422: 1414: 1404: 1396: 1388: 1380: 1368: 1361: 1349: 1338: 1307:Der Doppel-Adler 1303:The Double Eagle 1295:Doppel-Monarchie 1268: 1264: 1246: 1202:Kingdom of Italy 1036: 1035: 1022: 1021: 1008: 1007: 994: 993: 980: 979: 966: 965: 952: 951: 944: 934: 933: 920: 919: 906: 905: 898: 890: 889: 877: 876: 870: 869: 854: 853: 845: 837: 774: 768: 757:16 November 1918 744:12 November 1918 726:Empire dissolved 584:Imperial Council 428:Austro-Hungarian 402:Eastern Orthodox 301:Croatia-Slavonia 234: 215: 205: 195: 191: 184: 178: 167: 166: 147: 126: 102: 95: 78: 77: 76: 68: 61: 60: 52: 39: 38: 21: 18644: 18643: 18639: 18638: 18637: 18635: 18634: 18633: 18559:Austria-Hungary 18549: 18548: 18539: 18537: 18533: 18530: 18525: 18522: 18520: 18518: 18517: 18515: 18510: 18497: 18490: 18483: 18470: 18381: 18374: 18367: 18360: 18336: 18329: 18311: 18297:Public holidays 18232: 18191: 18141: 18119: 18088: 18080: 18066: 18022:Law enforcement 17965: 17941: 17934: 17927: 17871: 17801: 17782:Second Republic 17684: 17675: 17645: 17636: 17561:princely states 17509: 17445:Kingdom of Fiji 17418: 17164:Austria-Hungary 17132: 16895: 16829: 16628: 16614:Solomon Islands 16528: 16510: 16442: 16357: 16315: 16247: 16193:Democratization 16161: 16105: 16072: 16067: 16037: 16032: 16019: 16012: 16005: 15992: 15983:Public holidays 15978:National anthem 15914: 15855:Austrian people 15828: 15762: 15674: 15597: 15543:Austria-Hungary 15528:Austrian Empire 15481:Germanic tribes 15428: 15419: 15389: 15384: 15373:American Empire 15358: 15354:African empires 15306: 15189: 14881:Central African 14827: 14645:Romano-Germanic 14231: 13965:Middle Assyrian 13938: 13930: 13925: 13895: 13886: 13877:Georg von Trapp 13872:Giovanni Luppis 13782:Günther Burstyn 13735: 13683: 13677: 13626: 13620: 13574: 13568: 13535: 13528: 13486:von Krieghammer 13459:Feldzeugmeister 13441:FML Franz Kuhn 13419: 13389: 13377:Luftfahrtruppen 13364: 13360:Danube Flotilla 13354:Seefliegerkorps 13312: 13304: 13296: 13295: 13284: 13146: 13141: 13111: 13106: 13088: 13025: 12909: 12808: 12736: 12734:Austria-Hungary 12730:Austrian Empire 12726: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12678: 12670: 12654: 12638: 12633: 12602: 12593: 12589:County of Tyrol 12584:Duchy of Styria 12559: 12552: 12545: 12492: 12490:Austria-Hungary 12486: 12456: 12451: 12395:armed conflicts 12394: 12388: 12348: 12337: 12336: 12319:Hutsul Republic 12255: 12224: 12181: 12148: 12139:Clemenceau Note 12092: 12071: 12070: 12061: 12060: 12041: 12036: 11992:Wayback Machine 11954:Wayback Machine 11950:Austria–Hungary 11919:Austria–Hungary 11914: 11909: 11896: 11887:Wayback Machine 11858: 11856: 11816: 11791:Wayback Machine 11739: 11665: 11663:Primary sources 11636:Wank, Solomon. 11632:Wayback Machine 11615:Wayback Machine 11598:Wayback Machine 11579: 11562:Wayback Machine 11518: 11497: 11476: 11392:Wayback Machine 11329: 11280: 11249: 11234: 11228: 11215: 11213: 11204: 11136:Wayback Machine 11127:(2012) 20:5–23 11067: 11036: 11034: 11019: 10976:May, Arthur J. 10969:Mason, John W. 10939: 10876: 10833: 10737: 10735: 10722: 10718: 10716:Further reading 10713: 10707: 10695:(in Croatian). 10684: 10657: 10649:. Basic Books. 10635: 10633: 10626: 10547: 10528: 10492: 10465: 10448: 10443: 10442: 10436:Williamson 1991 10434: 10430: 10417: 10415: 10408: 10392: 10388: 10378: 10376: 10361: 10360: 10356: 10346: 10344: 10331: 10330: 10326: 10316: 10314: 10299: 10292: 10284: 10280: 10263:Austria-Hungary 10249: 10247: 10246: 10239: 10230: 10226: 10202: 10198: 10188: 10186: 10177: 10176: 10172: 10162: 10160: 10151: 10150: 10146: 10136: 10134: 10125: 10124: 10120: 10110: 10108: 10101:"Baron Gautsch" 10099: 10098: 10094: 10084: 10082: 10071: 10067: 10057: 10055: 10046: 10045: 10041: 10017: 10013: 10003: 10001: 9997: 9991: 9976: 9970: 9966: 9956: 9954: 9941: 9940: 9936: 9926: 9924: 9913: 9909: 9899: 9897: 9888: 9887: 9883: 9878:Wayback Machine 9864: 9860: 9855: 9851: 9841: 9839: 9830: 9829: 9825: 9820: 9816: 9811: 9807: 9801: 9797: 9792: 9788: 9775: 9771: 9757: 9753: 9746: 9730: 9726: 9710: 9706: 9699: 9683: 9679: 9662: 9658: 9653: 9649: 9644: 9640: 9635: 9631: 9626: 9622: 9612: 9610: 9601: 9600: 9596: 9591: 9587: 9572: 9565: 9555: 9553: 9544: 9543: 9539: 9522: 9518: 9508: 9506: 9497: 9496: 9492: 9482: 9480: 9476: 9475: 9468: 9463: 9459: 9452: 9436:Berend, Iván T. 9433: 9429: 9419: 9417: 9410: 9394: 9390: 9384: 9380: 9369: 9365: 9357: 9353: 9348: 9344: 9339: 9335: 9324: 9320: 9315: 9311: 9301: 9299: 9295: 9288: 9282: 9278: 9271: 9255: 9251: 9241: 9239: 9230: 9229: 9225: 9215: 9213: 9212:on 1 March 2012 9204: 9203: 9199: 9193:Wayback Machine 9168: 9164: 9154: 9152: 9137: 9133: 9125: 9118: 9112: 9108: 9093: 9089: 9079: 9077: 9068: 9067: 9063: 9054: 9050: 9039:Wyman, David S. 9036: 9032: 9026:Rothenberg 1976 9024: 9020: 9014:Rothenberg 1976 9012: 9008: 8994: 8990: 8983: 8967: 8963: 8948: 8944: 8934: 8932: 8919: 8912: 8897: 8893: 8886: 8870: 8866: 8853: 8849: 8841: 8830: 8824: 8820: 8808: 8804: 8794: 8792: 8779: 8778: 8774: 8765: 8763: 8756: 8738: 8734: 8724: 8722: 8715: 8691: 8687: 8683:, 1998, p. 366. 8678: 8674: 8651: 8647: 8639: 8635: 8625: 8623: 8614: 8613: 8609: 8599: 8597: 8593: 8586: 8582: 8581: 8577: 8570: 8566: 8553: 8549: 8539: 8537: 8530: 8522:. p. 320. 8510: 8506: 8496: 8494: 8492: 8478: 8477: 8473: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8451:. p. 401. 8439: 8435: 8423: 8419: 8413:Wayback Machine 8404: 8400: 8392: 8388: 8378: 8376: 8369: 8349: 8345: 8337: 8333: 8312: 8308: 8298: 8296: 8295:on 21 June 2006 8287: 8286: 8279: 8271: 8264: 8256: 8252: 8225: 8221: 8214: 8196: 8192: 8185: 8163: 8159: 8154: 8150: 8140: 8138: 8123: 8119: 8108: 8104: 8094: 8092: 8085: 8077:. p. 112. 8065: 8061: 8054: 8040: 8036: 8025: 8021: 8014: 8000: 7996: 7986: 7984: 7983:on 23 June 2011 7975: 7974: 7970: 7955: 7951: 7940: 7936: 7929: 7912: 7908: 7901: 7880: 7876: 7869: 7855: 7851: 7844: 7830: 7826: 7819: 7805: 7801: 7794: 7777: 7773: 7762: 7758: 7748: 7746: 7742: 7728: 7701: 7695: 7688: 7680: 7676: 7669: 7651: 7647: 7632: 7628: 7618: 7616: 7612: 7581: 7572: 7568: 7546: 7539: 7517: 7513: 7502: 7498: 7484: 7480: 7470: 7468: 7459: 7458: 7454: 7448: 7444: 7434: 7420: 7416: 7409: 7391: 7387: 7381:Tomasevich 2001 7379: 7375: 7368: 7350: 7346: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7307: 7303: 7290: 7288: 7277: 7276: 7272: 7262: 7248: 7244: 7233: 7225:. Hachette UK. 7219: 7215: 7208: 7194: 7190: 7181: 7177: 7169: 7165: 7160: 7156: 7151: 7147: 7139: 7135: 7127: 7123: 7113: 7111: 7102: 7101: 7097: 7089: 7085: 7072: 7071: 7067: 7057: 7055: 7042: 7041: 7024: 7016: 7012: 7005: 6987: 6983: 6972: 6968: 6958: 6956: 6941:Roider, Karl A. 6938: 6934: 6887: 6883: 6873: 6871: 6856: 6852: 6845: 6836: 6831: 6827: 6816: 6809: 6795:"Austria" 6790: 6786: 6775: 6759: 6755: 6728: 6724: 6711: 6707: 6683: 6676: 6663: 6656: 6646: 6644: 6631: 6630: 6626: 6616: 6614: 6607:Magyar Tudomány 6595: 6591: 6584: 6568: 6564: 6548: 6544: 6531: 6527: 6517: 6515: 6506: 6505: 6501: 6490: 6489: 6485: 6474: 6473: 6469: 6446: 6431: 6426: 6422: 6395: 6378: 6374: 6364: 6362: 6349:"Austria-Races" 6347: 6346: 6342: 6336:Wayback Machine 6322: 6318: 6308: 6306: 6295: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6280: 6275: 6271: 6262:The concept of 6261: 6257: 6238: 6234: 6219: 6215: 6203: 6199: 6194: 6136: 5991:Central Croatia 5880:Ivano-Frankivsk 5842:, parts of the 5756: 5684: 5671: 5635:Hutsul Republic 5602:Greater Romania 5522: 5514: 5512: 5504: 5502: 5494: 5492: 5488: 5486: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5445: 5440: 5416: 5311: 5303:Main articles: 5301: 5254: 5248: 5202: 5185: 5165: 5142: 5107: 4970:Mariánské Lázně 4925: 4886: 4865: 4857:Main articles: 4855: 4835: 4822: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4742:Hungarian plain 4690:Long Depression 4666: 4660: 4561: 4545:Duke Rudolph IV 4531:established in 4509: 4500: 4489: 4483: 4480: 4437: 4435: 4425: 4413: 4402: 4378:Vilmos Vázsonyi 4349:ethnic violence 4299:, built by the 4267:Istro-Romanians 4259: 4150:. According to 4140:private schools 4061:(Znióváralja). 3975: 3953: 3947: 3891:Diet of Hungary 3844:domains into a 3818: 3812: 3743:Fourteen Points 3731: 3714: 3696: 3667: 3665:Role of Hungary 3630: 3624: 3618:on 3 November. 3612:Vittorio Veneto 3551:Strafexpedition 3503: 3497: 3476:of the nascent 3466:war with Russia 3462:Regency Council 3450:Congress Poland 3383: 3377: 3353: 3347: 3323: 3317: 3303: 3297: 3281: 3268: 3262: 3217:László Szőgyény 3164:Bosnian Muslims 3148:Gavrilo Princip 3136: 3130: 3118:Main articles: 3116: 3111: 3105: 3067:Franz Ferdinand 3023:Triple Alliance 2950: 2938:Main articles: 2936: 2904:German question 2881: 2814:Austrian Empire 2793: 2757: 2755: 2750: 2749: 2748: 2679:Hungarian Kings 2638: 2630: 2629: 2614:1989–2012 2604:1956–1989 2584:1949–1989 2574:1946–1949 2563: 2555: 2554: 2549:1941–1945 2519:1939–1945 2499:1920–1946 2479:1919–1920 2459:1918–1919 2449:1918–1941 2445:Interwar period 2439:1914–1918 2429:1867–1918 2419:1867–1918 2405:Hungarian State 2399:1848–1849 2389:1825–1848 2379:1711–1867 2369:1703–1711 2358: 2350: 2349: 2344:1699–1867 2334:1682–1685 2324:1664–1671 2314:1604–1606 2304:1570–1711 2294:1541–1699 2290:Ottoman Hungary 2284:1526–1699 2274:1526–1570 2264:1526–1699 2243: 2235: 2234: 2229:1366–1526 2219:1301–1526 2209:1241–1242 2189:1102–1918 2179:1000–1301 2158: 2150: 2149: 2093: 2085: 2084: 2060: 2040: 2033: 2018: 1982: 1980: 1970: 1969: 1900: 1892: 1891: 1877: 1869: 1868: 1859: 1851: 1850: 1811: 1803: 1802: 1788: 1780: 1779: 1775:Austria-Hungary 1765:Austrian Empire 1760:Habsburg empire 1750: 1742: 1741: 1732:Duchy of Styria 1707: 1699: 1698: 1642: 1634: 1633: 1581: 1561: 1554: 1543: 1537: 1532: 1287:Dunai Monarchia 1249:Austria–Hungary 1210: 1124:Austrian Empire 1075:King of Hungary 1051:Austria-Hungary 1033: 1019: 1005: 991: 977: 963: 949: 940: 931: 917: 903: 894: 881:Austrian Empire 874: 848: 843: 835: 818: 784: 772: 769: 764: 754: 741: 731:31 October 1918 728: 715: 702: 689: 676: 663: 661:1867 Compromise 649: 640:New Imperialism 628: 612: 610:Diet of Hungary 602: 586: 557: 545: 515: 507:F. F. von Beust 503: 477:Karl I & IV 473: 461: 418: 382: 306: 267: 236: 235: 221: 220: 213: 211: 203: 201: 193: 185: 156: 154: 148: 127: 112: 111: 110: 98: 96: 79: 70: 63: 62: 54: 47: 46: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 18642: 18632: 18631: 18626: 18621: 18616: 18611: 18606: 18601: 18596: 18591: 18586: 18581: 18576: 18571: 18569:Former empires 18566: 18561: 18512: 18511: 18509: 18508: 18503: 18496: 18495: 18488: 18480: 18479: 18476: 18475: 18472: 18471: 18469: 18468: 18463: 18458: 18453: 18448: 18443: 18438: 18433: 18428: 18423: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18403: 18398: 18393: 18388: 18387: 18386: 18379: 18372: 18365: 18353: 18348: 18343: 18342: 18341: 18334: 18321: 18319: 18313: 18312: 18310: 18309: 18304: 18299: 18294: 18289: 18284: 18279: 18274: 18269: 18264: 18259: 18254: 18249: 18244: 18239: 18238: 18237: 18225: 18220: 18215: 18209: 18203: 18197: 18196: 18193: 18192: 18190: 18189: 18184: 18179: 18174: 18169: 18164: 18159: 18157:Stock exchange 18154: 18149: 18144: 18136: 18131: 18126: 18125: 18124: 18112: 18106: 18100: 18094: 18093: 18090: 18089: 18087: 18086: 18085: 18084: 18075:Prime Minister 18072: 18071: 18070: 18058: 18053: 18052: 18051: 18041: 18036: 18035: 18034: 18024: 18019: 18014: 18009: 18004: 17999: 17994: 17989: 17983: 17977: 17971: 17970: 17967: 17966: 17964: 17963: 17958: 17956:National parks 17953: 17948: 17947: 17946: 17939: 17932: 17920: 17915: 17913:Extreme points 17910: 17905: 17900: 17895: 17889: 17883: 17877: 17876: 17873: 17872: 17870: 17869: 17864: 17859: 17854: 17853: 17852: 17847: 17842: 17832: 17827: 17822: 17817: 17812: 17806: 17803: 17802: 17800: 17799: 17797:Third Republic 17794: 17789: 17784: 17779: 17774: 17769: 17764: 17762:First Republic 17759: 17754: 17749: 17744: 17739: 17734: 17729: 17724: 17719: 17714: 17709: 17704: 17698: 17692: 17686: 17685: 17674: 17673: 17666: 17659: 17651: 17642: 17641: 17638: 17637: 17635: 17634: 17629: 17624: 17619: 17614: 17609: 17604: 17599: 17594: 17589: 17584: 17579: 17574: 17565: 17549: 17544: 17539: 17534: 17529: 17523: 17517: 17515: 17511: 17510: 17508: 17507: 17502: 17497: 17492: 17487: 17482: 17477: 17472: 17467: 17462: 17457: 17452: 17447: 17442: 17437: 17432: 17426: 17424: 17420: 17419: 17417: 17416: 17411: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17386: 17381: 17376: 17371: 17366: 17361: 17356: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17319:Ottoman Empire 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17279:Kartli-Kakheti 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17211: 17206: 17201: 17196: 17191: 17186: 17181: 17176: 17171: 17166: 17161: 17156: 17151: 17146: 17140: 17138: 17134: 17133: 17131: 17130: 17118: 17113: 17108: 17103: 17098: 17093: 17088: 17083: 17078: 17073: 17068: 17061: 17056: 17051: 17046: 17041: 17036: 17031: 17026: 17021: 17016: 17011: 17006: 17001: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16976: 16971: 16961: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16939: 16934: 16929: 16924: 16919: 16914: 16909: 16903: 16901: 16897: 16896: 16894: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16873: 16868: 16863: 16858: 16853: 16848: 16843: 16837: 16835: 16831: 16830: 16828: 16827: 16820: 16815: 16810: 16805: 16800: 16795: 16790: 16785: 16780: 16775: 16770: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16750: 16745: 16740: 16735: 16730: 16725: 16720: 16715: 16710: 16705: 16700: 16695: 16690: 16688:Central Africa 16685: 16680: 16675: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16655: 16649: 16647: 16640: 16634: 16633: 16630: 16629: 16627: 16626: 16624:United Kingdom 16621: 16616: 16611: 16606: 16601: 16596: 16591: 16590: 16589: 16584: 16574: 16569: 16564: 16559: 16554: 16549: 16544: 16538: 16536: 16530: 16529: 16527: 16526: 16520: 16518: 16512: 16511: 16509: 16508: 16503: 16498: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16473: 16468: 16463: 16458: 16452: 16450: 16444: 16443: 16441: 16440: 16433: 16428: 16423: 16418: 16413: 16408: 16403: 16398: 16393: 16388: 16383: 16378: 16373: 16367: 16365: 16359: 16358: 16356: 16355: 16348: 16343: 16338: 16332: 16330: 16321: 16317: 16316: 16314: 16313: 16308: 16303: 16298: 16293: 16288: 16283: 16281:Prince regnant 16278: 16277: 16276: 16266: 16261: 16255: 16253: 16249: 16248: 16246: 16245: 16240: 16235: 16230: 16225: 16220: 16215: 16210: 16205: 16200: 16198:Decolonization 16195: 16190: 16185: 16180: 16175: 16169: 16167: 16163: 16162: 16160: 16159: 16154: 16152:Personal union 16149: 16144: 16139: 16134: 16129: 16124: 16122:Constitutional 16119: 16113: 16111: 16107: 16106: 16104: 16103: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16077: 16074: 16073: 16066: 16065: 16058: 16051: 16043: 16034: 16033: 16031: 16030: 16025: 16018: 16017: 16010: 16002: 16001: 15998: 15997: 15994: 15993: 15991: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15940: 15935: 15930: 15924: 15922: 15916: 15915: 15913: 15912: 15907: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15852: 15846: 15840: 15834: 15833: 15830: 15829: 15827: 15826: 15821: 15816: 15811: 15806: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15786: 15780: 15774: 15768: 15767: 15764: 15763: 15761: 15760: 15755: 15750: 15745: 15740: 15735: 15734: 15733: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15703: 15698: 15696:Climate change 15692: 15686: 15680: 15679: 15676: 15675: 15673: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15657: 15652: 15647: 15642: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15611: 15605: 15599: 15598: 15596: 15595: 15590: 15585: 15580: 15575: 15570: 15565: 15560: 15555: 15550: 15548:German Austria 15545: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15520: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15499: 15498: 15493: 15488: 15478: 15477: 15476: 15471: 15466: 15456: 15455: 15454: 15444: 15438: 15436: 15430: 15429: 15418: 15417: 15410: 15403: 15395: 15386: 15385: 15383: 15382: 15381: 15380: 15375: 15366: 15364: 15360: 15359: 15357: 15356: 15351: 15346: 15341: 15336: 15331: 15330: 15329: 15318: 15316: 15312: 15311: 15308: 15307: 15305: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15283: 15282: 15272: 15267: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15232: 15227: 15226: 15225: 15220: 15210: 15205: 15199: 15197: 15188: 15187: 15186: 15185: 15180: 15175: 15170: 15165: 15155: 15150: 15149: 15148: 15138: 15133: 15132: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15111: 15106: 15105: 15104: 15099: 15089: 15088: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15057: 15056: 15055: 15050: 15040: 15035: 15030: 15025: 15024: 15023: 15018: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14993: 14992: 14991: 14986: 14976: 14971: 14970: 14969: 14964: 14954: 14953: 14952: 14947: 14937: 14936: 14935: 14930: 14920: 14915: 14914: 14913: 14908: 14903: 14898: 14893: 14883: 14878: 14877: 14876: 14871: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14837: 14835: 14829: 14828: 14826: 14825: 14820: 14815: 14810: 14809: 14808: 14803: 14798: 14793: 14788: 14783: 14778: 14768: 14763: 14762: 14761: 14756: 14751: 14746: 14741: 14736: 14726: 14725: 14724: 14719: 14714: 14709: 14699: 14694: 14689: 14684: 14679: 14674: 14669: 14664: 14659: 14658: 14657: 14652: 14642: 14641: 14640: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14602: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14586: 14585: 14580: 14575: 14565: 14564: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14538: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14513: 14512: 14511: 14506: 14501: 14496: 14486: 14485: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14459: 14458: 14457: 14452: 14447: 14437: 14432: 14427: 14422: 14417: 14416: 14415: 14410: 14405: 14395: 14390: 14389: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14363: 14353: 14352: 14351: 14346: 14336: 14335: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14309: 14304: 14303: 14302: 14292: 14291: 14290: 14285: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14241: 14239: 14237:Post-classical 14233: 14232: 14230: 14229: 14228: 14227: 14217: 14212: 14211: 14210: 14205: 14195: 14194: 14193: 14183: 14182: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14146: 14141: 14136: 14135: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14119: 14109: 14108: 14107: 14102: 14092: 14087: 14086: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14055: 14050: 14045: 14044: 14043: 14038: 14036:Middle Kingdom 14033: 14023: 14018: 14017: 14016: 14011: 14006: 13996: 13995: 13994: 13992:Neo-Babylonian 13989: 13984: 13982:Old Babylonian 13974: 13973: 13972: 13967: 13957: 13952: 13946: 13944: 13932: 13931: 13924: 13923: 13916: 13909: 13901: 13892: 13891: 13888: 13887: 13885: 13884: 13879: 13874: 13869: 13867:Franz von Keil 13864: 13859: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13822:Oskar Potiorek 13819: 13814: 13812:Rudolf Maister 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13743: 13741: 13737: 13736: 13734: 13733: 13730: 13725: 13722: 13717: 13711: 13705: 13699: 13693: 13687: 13685: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13675: 13670: 13665: 13660: 13654: 13648: 13642: 13636: 13630: 13628: 13622: 13621: 13619: 13618: 13612: 13604: 13599: 13593: 13590: 13584: 13580: 13578: 13570: 13569: 13567: 13566: 13561: 13556: 13551: 13546: 13540: 13538: 13530: 13529: 13527: 13526: 13518: 13510: 13504: 13494: 13487: 13480: 13473: 13468:FZM Ferdinand 13466: 13456: 13446: 13439: 13429: 13427: 13421: 13420: 13418: 13417: 13412: 13406: 13404: 13395: 13391: 13390: 13388: 13387: 13386: 13385: 13372: 13370: 13366: 13365: 13363: 13362: 13357: 13350: 13349: 13348: 13343: 13338: 13333: 13320: 13318: 13314: 13313: 13287: 13285: 13283: 13282: 13277: 13274:Grenz infantry 13270: 13263: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13229: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13191: 13190: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13154: 13152: 13148: 13147: 13140: 13139: 13132: 13125: 13117: 13108: 13107: 13102: 13100: 13094: 13093: 13090: 13089: 13087: 13086: 13081: 13076: 13071: 13066: 13061: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13041: 13035: 13033: 13027: 13026: 13024: 13023: 13018: 13013: 13008: 13003: 12998: 12993: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12938: 12933: 12927: 12925: 12915: 12914: 12911: 12910: 12908: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12826: 12824: 12822:Transleithania 12814: 12813: 12810: 12809: 12807: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12750: 12748: 12738: 12737: 12725: 12724: 12717: 12710: 12702: 12693: 12692: 12690: 12689: 12681: 12673: 12665: 12648: 12646: 12640: 12639: 12637: 12636: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12612: 12610: 12608:Transleithania 12604: 12603: 12601: 12600: 12599: 12598: 12586: 12581: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12565: 12564: 12557: 12550: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12513: 12508: 12502: 12500: 12494: 12493: 12485: 12484: 12477: 12470: 12462: 12453: 12452: 12450: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12404: 12398: 12396: 12390: 12389: 12387: 12386: 12380: 12373: 12367: 12360: 12358: 12354: 12353: 12350: 12349: 12347: 12346: 12341: 12331: 12326: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12304:Lemko Republic 12301: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12285: 12284: 12279: 12277:Banat Republic 12269: 12263: 12261: 12257: 12256: 12254: 12253: 12248: 12243: 12238: 12232: 12230: 12226: 12225: 12223: 12222: 12217: 12216: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12198:German Bohemia 12189: 12187: 12180: 12179: 12178: 12177: 12167: 12162: 12160:Czechoslovakia 12156: 12154: 12150: 12149: 12147: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12100: 12098: 12094: 12093: 12091: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12065: 12055: 12049: 12047: 12043: 12042: 12035: 12034: 12027: 12020: 12012: 12006: 12005: 11999: 11994: 11982: 11977: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11958:heads of state 11947: 11942: 11937: 11927: 11922: 11913: 11912:External links 11910: 11908: 11907: 11895: 11892: 11891: 11890: 11889:historiography 11872: 11865: 11820: 11814: 11793: 11776: 11764:10.1086/675880 11758:(2): 336–380. 11747: 11738: 11735: 11734: 11733: 11722: 11715: 11693:10.2307/197930 11676: 11664: 11661: 11660: 11659: 11650: 11641: 11634: 11619:Vermes, Gabor 11617: 11600: 11583: 11577: 11564: 11551: 11522: 11516: 11501: 11495: 11480: 11474: 11461: 11446: 11437: 11428: 11403: 11394: 11377: 11370: 11350:10.1086/600693 11344:(3): 336–344. 11333: 11327: 11306: 11296:(249): 50–64. 11285: 11242: 11227: 11224: 11223: 11222: 11202: 11195: 11188: 11177: 11170: 11160: 11153: 11138: 11121: 11111: 11101: 11088: 11064: 11052:Palmer, Alan. 11050: 11043: 11017: 10994: 10984: 10974: 10967: 10958: 10951: 10937: 10916: 10909: 10902: 10895: 10888: 10874: 10853: 10831: 10818: 10806: 10781: 10755:(4): 629–680. 10744: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10711: 10705: 10688: 10682: 10661: 10655: 10642: 10624: 10606: 10593:Taylor, A.J.P. 10589: 10577: 10565: 10551: 10545: 10532: 10526: 10513: 10496: 10490: 10477: 10463: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10441: 10440: 10428: 10406: 10386: 10354: 10324: 10307:habsburger.net 10290: 10278: 10267:Chisholm, Hugh 10237: 10224: 10196: 10170: 10144: 10118: 10092: 10065: 10039: 10011: 9989: 9964: 9934: 9907: 9881: 9858: 9849: 9823: 9814: 9805: 9795: 9786: 9769: 9751: 9744: 9724: 9704: 9697: 9677: 9656: 9647: 9638: 9629: 9620: 9594: 9585: 9563: 9537: 9516: 9490: 9466: 9457: 9450: 9427: 9408: 9388: 9378: 9363: 9351: 9342: 9333: 9330:. p. 355. 9318: 9309: 9276: 9269: 9249: 9223: 9197: 9162: 9131: 9121:. p. 42. 9106: 9087: 9061: 9048: 9045:. p. 474. 9030: 9028:, p. 128. 9018: 9016:, p. 118. 9006: 8988: 8981: 8961: 8942: 8910: 8891: 8884: 8864: 8847: 8828:"Transilvania" 8818: 8802: 8772: 8754: 8732: 8713: 8685: 8672: 8661:(2): 288–309. 8645: 8633: 8607: 8575: 8564: 8547: 8528: 8504: 8490: 8471: 8457: 8433: 8417: 8398: 8386: 8367: 8343: 8331: 8306: 8277: 8262: 8260:, p. 536. 8250: 8219: 8212: 8190: 8183: 8157: 8148: 8117: 8102: 8083: 8070:Armistice 1918 8059: 8052: 8034: 8019: 8012: 7994: 7968: 7949: 7934: 7927: 7906: 7899: 7874: 7867: 7849: 7842: 7824: 7817: 7799: 7792: 7771: 7756: 7726: 7686: 7674: 7667: 7645: 7626: 7566: 7537: 7511: 7496: 7478: 7452: 7442: 7432: 7414: 7407: 7385: 7373: 7366: 7344: 7327: 7301: 7270: 7260: 7242: 7231: 7213: 7206: 7188: 7175: 7163: 7154: 7145: 7133: 7121: 7095: 7083: 7065: 7022: 7010: 7003: 6981: 6966: 6932: 6881: 6850: 6834: 6825: 6807: 6784: 6773: 6753: 6722: 6705: 6694:Chisholm, Hugh 6674: 6654: 6624: 6589: 6582: 6562: 6551:Gyula Andrássy 6542: 6525: 6499: 6483: 6467: 6456:Chisholm, Hugh 6429: 6420: 6372: 6340: 6316: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6279: 6278: 6269: 6264:Eastern Europe 6255: 6232: 6213: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6147: 6142: 6135: 6132: 6131: 6130: 6111: 6110: 6107: 6105:Ottoman Empire 6098: 6095:Adriatic coast 6080: 6050: 6049: 6038: 6024: 6001: 5994: 5964: 5954: 5943: 5938: 5928:Transleithania 5918: 5917: 5898: 5891: 5872: 5857: 5851: 5832: 5822: 5815:Czech Republic 5812: 5780: 5779: 5769:Hungary proper 5759:Transleithania 5670: 5667: 5651: 5650: 5639:Lemko Republic 5619: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5586: 5569: 5563: 5546: 5539:German Austria 5513: 5503: 5493: 5487: 5481: 5475: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5428:Little Entente 5415: 5412: 5406:, France. The 5352: 5351: 5341: 5334:German Austria 5300: 5297: 5250:Main article: 5247: 5244: 5201: 5198: 5184: 5181: 5164: 5161: 5141: 5138: 5119:Budapest Metro 5106: 5103: 5102: 5101: 5074: 5065:(1911); Kassa/ 5007: 5006: 4995: 4988: 4977: 4950: 4943: 4924: 4921: 4885: 4882: 4877:Western Europe 4854: 4853:Rail transport 4851: 4834: 4831: 4821: 4818: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4786:Infrastructure 4784: 4662:Main article: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4649: 4645: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4629: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4620: 4617: 4613: 4612: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4601: 4597: 4596: 4593: 4560: 4557: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4416: 4414: 4407: 4401: 4398: 4390:János Harkányi 4386:János Teleszky 4319:, Vienna, 1915 4293:Romantic-style 4271:Diet of Istria 4258: 4255: 3969:Austro-Slavism 3949:Main article: 3946: 3943: 3934:Hungarian army 3914:Bosnian crisis 3887:prime minister 3858:Transleithania 3814:Main article: 3811: 3808: 3783:Mihály Károlyi 3748:Robert Lansing 3739:Woodrow Wilson 3727:Main article: 3713: 3710: 3695: 3692: 3666: 3663: 3626:Main article: 3623: 3620: 3568:trench warfare 3560:Asiago plateau 3528:Chief of Staff 3526:organization. 3499:Main article: 3496: 3493: 3458:Central Powers 3406:Polish Legions 3379:Main article: 3376: 3373: 3349:Main article: 3346: 3343: 3316: 3313: 3296: 3293: 3261: 3258: 3254:Entente powers 3242:July Ultimatum 3225:German Emperor 3188:, 29 June 1914 3115: 3112: 3107:Main article: 3104: 3101: 3078:Bosnian Crisis 2935: 2932: 2880: 2877: 2837:Modena, Reggio 2816:. The ensuing 2795: 2794: 2792: 2791: 2784: 2777: 2769: 2766: 2765: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2640: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2626: 2625: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2572: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2550: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2487: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2467: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2367: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2345: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2252: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2230: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2207: 2201: 2200: 2197: 2191: 2190: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2177: 2171: 2170: 2169:895–1000 2167: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2145: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2134:~800–970 2132: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2120:Avar Khaganate 2116: 2115: 2112: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2094: 2092:Early medieval 2091: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2077: 2075:Roman Pannonia 2072: 2067: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2045: 2044: 2035: 2034: 2027: 2020: 2019: 2017: 2016: 2009: 2002: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1935:Rail transport 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1901: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1812: 1810:Interwar years 1809: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1795: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1598: 1588: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1566: 1565: 1556: 1555: 1548: 1539:Main article: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1500: 1499: 1472:Transleithania 1466:Magyar királyi 1437: 1426:Imperial-Royal 1407: 1351: 1350: 1339: 1299:Dual-Monarchia 1283:Donaumonarchie 1209: 1206: 1151:Central Powers 1144:Bosnian crisis 1114:, which was a 1067:Central Europe 1046: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1030: 1024: 1023: 1016: 1010: 1009: 1002: 996: 995: 988: 982: 981: 974: 968: 967: 960: 958:Czechoslovakia 954: 953: 946: 936: 935: 928: 922: 921: 914: 908: 907: 900: 887: 884: 883: 878: 866: 865: 860: 850: 849: 847: 846: 838: 829: 827: 823: 822: 819: 816: 813: 812: 806: 805: 802: 798: 797: 793: 792: 789: 788: 785: 779: 776: 775: 770: 762: 759: 758: 755: 749: 746: 745: 742: 736: 733: 732: 729: 723: 720: 719: 716: 710: 707: 706: 703: 697: 694: 693: 692:6 October 1908 690: 687:Bosnian Crisis 684: 681: 680: 679:7 October 1879 677: 671: 668: 667: 664: 658: 655: 654: 651: 650: 648: 647: 642: 636: 634: 633:Historical era 630: 629: 627: 626: 621: 615: 613: 607: 604: 603: 601: 600: 595: 593:House of Lords 589: 587: 581: 578: 577: 572: 568: 567: 564: 563: 561:Mihály Károlyi 558: 555: 552: 551: 549:Gyula Andrássy 546: 543: 540: 539: 536: 535: 532: 526: 525: 522: 521: 516: 513: 510: 509: 504: 501: 498: 497: 494: 493: 490: 484: 483: 480: 479: 474: 471: 468: 467: 465:Franz Joseph I 462: 459: 456: 455: 452: 451: 448: 442: 441: 436: 430: 429: 426: 420: 419: 417: 416: 410: 404: 398: 392: 385: 383: 376: 372: 371: 364:Istro-Romanian 358:, and others ( 312: 308: 307: 305: 304: 294: 289: 283: 281: 277: 276: 273: 269: 268: 266: 265: 255: 244: 242: 238: 237: 212: 210:, or "Hungary" 202: 200:, or "Austria" 192: 186: 173: 172: 169: 168: 134: 133: 114: 113: 104: 97: 90: 89: 86: 85: 81: 80: 45: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18641: 18630: 18627: 18625: 18622: 18620: 18617: 18615: 18612: 18610: 18607: 18605: 18602: 18600: 18597: 18595: 18592: 18590: 18587: 18585: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18575: 18572: 18570: 18567: 18565: 18562: 18560: 18557: 18556: 18554: 18547: 18544: 18507: 18504: 18502: 18499: 18498: 18493: 18489: 18486: 18482: 18481: 18477: 18467: 18464: 18462: 18459: 18457: 18454: 18452: 18449: 18447: 18444: 18442: 18439: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18427: 18424: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18402: 18399: 18397: 18394: 18392: 18389: 18384: 18380: 18377: 18373: 18370: 18366: 18363: 18359: 18358: 18357: 18354: 18352: 18349: 18347: 18344: 18339: 18335: 18332: 18328: 18327: 18326: 18323: 18322: 18320: 18318: 18314: 18308: 18305: 18303: 18300: 18298: 18295: 18293: 18290: 18288: 18285: 18283: 18280: 18278: 18275: 18273: 18270: 18268: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18250: 18248: 18245: 18243: 18242:Family policy 18240: 18235: 18231: 18230: 18229: 18226: 18224: 18221: 18219: 18216: 18214: 18211: 18210: 18207: 18204: 18202: 18198: 18188: 18185: 18183: 18180: 18178: 18175: 18173: 18170: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18158: 18155: 18153: 18150: 18148: 18145: 18140: 18137: 18135: 18132: 18130: 18127: 18122: 18118: 18117: 18116: 18113: 18111: 18108: 18107: 18104: 18101: 18099: 18095: 18083: 18078: 18077: 18076: 18073: 18069: 18064: 18063: 18062: 18059: 18057: 18054: 18050: 18047: 18046: 18045: 18042: 18040: 18037: 18033: 18030: 18029: 18028: 18025: 18023: 18020: 18018: 18015: 18013: 18010: 18008: 18005: 18003: 18000: 17998: 17995: 17993: 17990: 17988: 17985: 17984: 17981: 17978: 17976: 17972: 17962: 17959: 17957: 17954: 17952: 17949: 17944: 17940: 17937: 17933: 17930: 17926: 17925: 17924: 17921: 17919: 17916: 17914: 17911: 17909: 17906: 17904: 17901: 17899: 17896: 17894: 17891: 17890: 17887: 17884: 17882: 17878: 17868: 17865: 17863: 17860: 17858: 17855: 17851: 17848: 17846: 17843: 17841: 17838: 17837: 17836: 17833: 17831: 17830:Árpád dynasty 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17808: 17807: 17804: 17798: 17795: 17793: 17790: 17788: 17785: 17783: 17780: 17778: 17775: 17773: 17770: 17768: 17765: 17763: 17760: 17758: 17755: 17753: 17750: 17748: 17745: 17743: 17742:Rákóczi's War 17740: 17738: 17735: 17733: 17730: 17728: 17725: 17723: 17720: 17718: 17715: 17713: 17710: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17699: 17696: 17693: 17691: 17687: 17683: 17679: 17672: 17667: 17665: 17660: 17658: 17653: 17652: 17649: 17633: 17630: 17628: 17625: 17623: 17620: 17618: 17615: 17613: 17610: 17608: 17605: 17603: 17600: 17598: 17595: 17593: 17590: 17588: 17585: 17583: 17580: 17578: 17575: 17573: 17569: 17566: 17563: 17562: 17557: 17553: 17550: 17548: 17545: 17543: 17540: 17538: 17535: 17533: 17530: 17527: 17524: 17522: 17519: 17518: 17516: 17512: 17506: 17503: 17501: 17498: 17496: 17493: 17491: 17488: 17486: 17483: 17481: 17478: 17476: 17473: 17471: 17468: 17466: 17463: 17461: 17458: 17456: 17453: 17451: 17448: 17446: 17443: 17441: 17440:Easter Island 17438: 17436: 17433: 17431: 17428: 17427: 17425: 17421: 17415: 17412: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17380: 17377: 17375: 17372: 17370: 17367: 17365: 17362: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17200: 17197: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17187: 17185: 17182: 17180: 17177: 17175: 17172: 17170: 17167: 17165: 17162: 17160: 17157: 17155: 17152: 17150: 17147: 17145: 17142: 17141: 17139: 17135: 17128: 17127: 17122: 17119: 17117: 17114: 17112: 17109: 17107: 17104: 17102: 17099: 17097: 17094: 17092: 17089: 17087: 17084: 17082: 17079: 17077: 17074: 17072: 17069: 17067: 17066: 17062: 17060: 17057: 17055: 17052: 17050: 17047: 17045: 17042: 17040: 17037: 17035: 17032: 17030: 17027: 17025: 17022: 17020: 17017: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16979:Jabal Shammar 16977: 16975: 16972: 16969: 16965: 16962: 16960: 16959: 16955: 16953: 16950: 16948: 16945: 16943: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16928: 16925: 16923: 16920: 16918: 16915: 16913: 16910: 16908: 16905: 16904: 16902: 16898: 16892: 16889: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16877: 16874: 16872: 16869: 16867: 16864: 16862: 16859: 16857: 16854: 16852: 16849: 16847: 16844: 16842: 16839: 16838: 16836: 16832: 16826: 16825: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16804: 16801: 16799: 16796: 16794: 16791: 16789: 16786: 16784: 16781: 16779: 16776: 16774: 16771: 16769: 16766: 16764: 16761: 16759: 16756: 16754: 16751: 16749: 16746: 16744: 16741: 16739: 16736: 16734: 16731: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16671: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16654: 16651: 16650: 16648: 16644: 16641: 16639: 16635: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16617: 16615: 16612: 16610: 16607: 16605: 16602: 16600: 16597: 16595: 16592: 16588: 16585: 16583: 16580: 16579: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16550: 16548: 16545: 16543: 16540: 16539: 16537: 16535: 16531: 16525: 16522: 16521: 16519: 16517: 16513: 16507: 16504: 16502: 16499: 16497: 16494: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16471:Liechtenstein 16469: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16453: 16451: 16449: 16445: 16439: 16438: 16434: 16432: 16429: 16427: 16424: 16422: 16419: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16407: 16404: 16402: 16399: 16397: 16394: 16392: 16389: 16387: 16384: 16382: 16379: 16377: 16374: 16372: 16369: 16368: 16366: 16364: 16360: 16354: 16353: 16349: 16347: 16344: 16342: 16339: 16337: 16334: 16333: 16331: 16329: 16325: 16322: 16318: 16312: 16309: 16307: 16304: 16302: 16299: 16297: 16294: 16292: 16289: 16287: 16284: 16282: 16279: 16275: 16274:Queen regnant 16272: 16271: 16270: 16267: 16265: 16262: 16260: 16257: 16256: 16254: 16250: 16244: 16241: 16239: 16236: 16234: 16233:Republicanism 16231: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16213:Head of state 16211: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16196: 16194: 16191: 16189: 16186: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16174: 16171: 16170: 16168: 16164: 16158: 16155: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16147:Non-sovereign 16145: 16143: 16140: 16138: 16135: 16133: 16130: 16128: 16125: 16123: 16120: 16118: 16115: 16114: 16112: 16108: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16078: 16075: 16071: 16064: 16059: 16057: 16052: 16050: 16045: 16044: 16041: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16021: 16020: 16015: 16011: 16008: 16004: 16003: 15999: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15948: 15944: 15941: 15939: 15936: 15934: 15931: 15929: 15926: 15925: 15923: 15921: 15917: 15911: 15908: 15905: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15875:Ethnic groups 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15847: 15844: 15841: 15839: 15835: 15825: 15822: 15820: 15817: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15781: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15769: 15759: 15756: 15754: 15751: 15749: 15746: 15744: 15741: 15739: 15736: 15732: 15729: 15728: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15693: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15681: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15648: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15612: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15600: 15594: 15591: 15589: 15586: 15584: 15581: 15579: 15576: 15574: 15571: 15569: 15568:Austrofascism 15566: 15564: 15561: 15559: 15556: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15497: 15494: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15483: 15482: 15479: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15465: 15462: 15461: 15460: 15457: 15453: 15450: 15449: 15448: 15445: 15443: 15440: 15439: 15437: 15435: 15431: 15427: 15423: 15416: 15411: 15409: 15404: 15402: 15397: 15396: 15393: 15379: 15378:Soviet empire 15376: 15374: 15371: 15370: 15368: 15367: 15365: 15363:Miscellaneous 15361: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15332: 15328: 15325: 15324: 15323: 15320: 15319: 15317: 15313: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15281: 15278: 15277: 15276: 15273: 15271: 15268: 15266: 15263: 15261: 15258: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15224: 15221: 15219: 15216: 15215: 15214: 15211: 15209: 15206: 15204: 15201: 15200: 15198: 15196: 15192: 15184: 15181: 15179: 15176: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15160: 15159: 15156: 15154: 15151: 15147: 15144: 15143: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15116: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15103: 15100: 15098: 15095: 15094: 15093: 15090: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15062: 15061: 15058: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15045: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15029: 15026: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15002: 14999: 14998: 14997: 14994: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14981: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14962:German Empire 14960: 14959: 14958: 14955: 14951: 14948: 14946: 14943: 14942: 14941: 14938: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14925: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14888: 14887: 14884: 14882: 14879: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14866: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14838: 14836: 14834: 14830: 14824: 14821: 14819: 14816: 14814: 14811: 14807: 14804: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14789: 14787: 14784: 14782: 14779: 14777: 14774: 14773: 14772: 14769: 14767: 14764: 14760: 14757: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14735: 14732: 14731: 14730: 14727: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14708: 14705: 14704: 14703: 14702:Turco-Persian 14700: 14698: 14695: 14693: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14683: 14680: 14678: 14675: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14665: 14663: 14660: 14656: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14647: 14646: 14643: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14610: 14609: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14570: 14569: 14566: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14543: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14497: 14495: 14492: 14491: 14490: 14487: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14464: 14463: 14460: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14448: 14446: 14443: 14442: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14400: 14399: 14396: 14394: 14391: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14358: 14357: 14354: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14341: 14340: 14337: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14314: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14301: 14298: 14297: 14296: 14293: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14280: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14242: 14240: 14238: 14234: 14226: 14223: 14222: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14200: 14199: 14196: 14192: 14189: 14188: 14187: 14184: 14180: 14177: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14151: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14114: 14113: 14110: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14097: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14060: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14028: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14001: 14000: 13997: 13993: 13990: 13988: 13985: 13983: 13980: 13979: 13978: 13975: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13962: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13937: 13933: 13929: 13922: 13917: 13915: 13910: 13908: 13903: 13902: 13899: 13883: 13882:Janko Vuković 13880: 13878: 13875: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13865: 13863: 13862:Miklós Horthy 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13825: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13777:Josip Jelačić 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13744: 13742: 13738: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13712: 13710: 13706: 13704: 13700: 13698: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13688: 13686: 13684:Naval Section 13680: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13655: 13653: 13649: 13647: 13643: 13641: 13637: 13635: 13632: 13631: 13629: 13623: 13617: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13585: 13582: 13581: 13579: 13577: 13576:General Staff 13573:Chiefs of the 13571: 13565: 13562: 13560: 13557: 13555: 13552: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13542: 13541: 13539: 13537: 13531: 13525: 13522: 13521:Generaloberst 13519: 13517: 13514: 13513:Feldmarschall 13511: 13509: 13505: 13502: 13498: 13495: 13492: 13489:FZM Heinrich 13488: 13485: 13481: 13478: 13474: 13471: 13467: 13464: 13460: 13457: 13454: 13450: 13447: 13444: 13440: 13438: 13434: 13431: 13430: 13428: 13426: 13422: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13407: 13405: 13403: 13399: 13396: 13392: 13384: 13381: 13380: 13379: 13378: 13374: 13373: 13371: 13367: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13355: 13351: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13328: 13327: 13326: 13322: 13321: 13319: 13315: 13308: 13300: 13291: 13281: 13280:Stormtroopers 13278: 13276: 13275: 13271: 13269: 13268: 13264: 13262: 13261: 13260:Standschützen 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13234: 13230: 13228: 13227: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13200:Rank insignia 13198: 13196: 13193: 13189: 13186: 13185: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13155: 13153: 13149: 13145: 13138: 13133: 13131: 13126: 13124: 13119: 13118: 13115: 13105: 13101: 13099: 13095: 13085: 13082: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13036: 13034: 13032: 13028: 13022: 13019: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12928: 12926: 12924: 12920: 12916: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12827: 12825: 12823: 12819: 12815: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12751: 12749: 12747: 12743: 12739: 12735: 12731: 12723: 12718: 12716: 12711: 12709: 12704: 12703: 12700: 12685: 12682: 12677: 12674: 12669: 12666: 12662: 12658: 12653: 12650: 12649: 12647: 12645: 12641: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12613: 12611: 12609: 12605: 12596: 12592: 12591: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12562: 12558: 12555: 12551: 12548: 12544: 12543: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12507: 12504: 12503: 12501: 12499: 12495: 12491: 12483: 12478: 12476: 12471: 12469: 12464: 12463: 12460: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12399: 12397: 12391: 12384: 12381: 12378: 12374: 12371: 12368: 12365: 12362: 12361: 12359: 12355: 12345: 12342: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12274: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12264: 12262: 12258: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12233: 12231: 12227: 12221: 12218: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12195: 12194: 12191: 12190: 12188: 12184: 12176: 12173: 12172: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12157: 12155: 12151: 12145: 12144:Clerk Mission 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12134:Smuts Mission 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12102: 12101: 12099: 12095: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12072:(for Hungary) 12069: 12066: 12062:(for Austria) 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12050: 12048: 12044: 12040: 12033: 12028: 12026: 12021: 12019: 12014: 12013: 12010: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11989: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11975: 11974:Map of Europe 11972: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11962: 11959: 11955: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11935: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11920: 11916: 11915: 11905: 11903: 11898: 11897: 11888: 11884: 11881: 11877: 11873: 11870: 11866: 11854: 11850: 11846: 11842: 11838: 11834: 11830: 11826: 11821: 11817: 11811: 11807: 11803: 11799: 11794: 11792: 11788: 11785: 11781: 11777: 11773: 11769: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11753: 11748: 11745: 11741: 11740: 11731: 11727: 11723: 11720: 11717:Gooch, G. P. 11716: 11712: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11694: 11690: 11686: 11682: 11677: 11675: 11671: 11667: 11666: 11656: 11651: 11647: 11642: 11639: 11635: 11633: 11629: 11626: 11625:online review 11622: 11618: 11616: 11612: 11609: 11608:online review 11605: 11601: 11599: 11595: 11592: 11588: 11584: 11580: 11574: 11570: 11565: 11563: 11559: 11556: 11552: 11548: 11544: 11540: 11536: 11532: 11528: 11523: 11519: 11513: 11509: 11508: 11502: 11498: 11496:0-9147-1016-8 11492: 11488: 11487: 11481: 11477: 11475:1-8417-6594-5 11471: 11467: 11462: 11460: 11455: 11451: 11450:Jászi, Oszkár 11447: 11443: 11438: 11434: 11429: 11425: 11421: 11417: 11413: 11409: 11404: 11400: 11395: 11393: 11389: 11386: 11382: 11378: 11375: 11371: 11367: 11363: 11359: 11355: 11351: 11347: 11343: 11339: 11334: 11330: 11324: 11320: 11316: 11312: 11307: 11303: 11299: 11295: 11291: 11286: 11279: 11275: 11271: 11267: 11263: 11259: 11255: 11248: 11243: 11240: 11236: 11235: 11233: 11211: 11207: 11203: 11200: 11196: 11193: 11189: 11186: 11182: 11178: 11175: 11171: 11169: 11165: 11161: 11158: 11154: 11150: 11146: 11145: 11139: 11137: 11133: 11130: 11126: 11122: 11120: 11116: 11112: 11110: 11106: 11103:Roman, Eric. 11102: 11100: 11096: 11094: 11089: 11085: 11084: 11079: 11075: 11065: 11063: 11062:0-87113-665-1 11059: 11055: 11051: 11048: 11044: 11032: 11028: 11024: 11020: 11014: 11010: 11006: 11002: 11001: 10995: 10993: 10989: 10985: 10983: 10979: 10975: 10972: 10968: 10965: 10962: 10959: 10956: 10952: 10948: 10944: 10940: 10934: 10930: 10926: 10922: 10917: 10914: 10910: 10907: 10903: 10900: 10897:Good, David. 10896: 10894:(2nd ed 2009) 10893: 10889: 10885: 10881: 10877: 10871: 10867: 10863: 10859: 10854: 10850: 10846: 10842: 10838: 10834: 10832:0-8598-9563-7 10828: 10824: 10819: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10803: 10799: 10795: 10791: 10787: 10782: 10778: 10774: 10770: 10766: 10762: 10758: 10754: 10750: 10745: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10721: 10720: 10708: 10702: 10698: 10694: 10689: 10685: 10679: 10675: 10671: 10667: 10662: 10658: 10652: 10648: 10643: 10631: 10627: 10621: 10617: 10616: 10611: 10607: 10601: 10600: 10594: 10590: 10586: 10582: 10578: 10574: 10570: 10566: 10560: 10559: 10552: 10548: 10546:3-2059-8179-0 10542: 10538: 10533: 10529: 10527:3-4865-6079-4 10523: 10519: 10514: 10510: 10506: 10502: 10497: 10493: 10487: 10483: 10478: 10474: 10470: 10466: 10464:0-0604-0171-0 10460: 10456: 10451: 10450: 10437: 10432: 10425: 10413: 10409: 10403: 10399: 10398: 10390: 10374: 10370: 10369: 10364: 10358: 10342: 10338: 10335:(in German). 10334: 10328: 10312: 10308: 10304: 10297: 10295: 10287: 10286:Headlam 1911b 10282: 10274: 10273: 10268: 10264: 10258: 10257:public domain 10244: 10242: 10234: 10228: 10220: 10216: 10212: 10211: 10206: 10200: 10184: 10180: 10174: 10158: 10154: 10148: 10132: 10128: 10122: 10106: 10102: 10096: 10080: 10076: 10069: 10053: 10050:. Dradio.de. 10049: 10043: 10035: 10031: 10027: 10026: 10021: 10015: 9996: 9992: 9986: 9982: 9975: 9968: 9952: 9948: 9944: 9938: 9922: 9918: 9911: 9895: 9891: 9885: 9879: 9875: 9872: 9868: 9862: 9853: 9837: 9833: 9827: 9818: 9809: 9799: 9790: 9783: 9782:0-948106-27-1 9779: 9773: 9766: 9765:963-552-313-0 9762: 9755: 9747: 9741: 9737: 9736: 9728: 9721: 9717: 9713: 9712:Mikulas Teich 9708: 9700: 9694: 9690: 9689: 9681: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9660: 9651: 9642: 9633: 9624: 9608: 9604: 9598: 9589: 9581: 9577: 9570: 9568: 9551: 9547: 9541: 9534: 9533:3-515-08613-7 9530: 9526: 9520: 9504: 9500: 9494: 9479: 9473: 9471: 9461: 9453: 9447: 9443: 9442: 9437: 9431: 9415: 9411: 9405: 9401: 9400: 9392: 9382: 9374: 9367: 9361: 9358:Good, David. 9355: 9346: 9337: 9329: 9322: 9313: 9294: 9287: 9280: 9272: 9266: 9262: 9261: 9253: 9237: 9233: 9227: 9211: 9207: 9201: 9194: 9190: 9187: 9184: 9180: 9179:1-317-11844-8 9176: 9172: 9166: 9150: 9146: 9142: 9135: 9124: 9117: 9110: 9102: 9098: 9091: 9075: 9071: 9065: 9058: 9052: 9044: 9040: 9034: 9027: 9022: 9015: 9010: 9002: 8998: 8992: 8984: 8978: 8974: 8973: 8965: 8957: 8953: 8946: 8930: 8926: 8925: 8917: 8915: 8906: 8902: 8895: 8887: 8881: 8877: 8876: 8868: 8860: 8859: 8851: 8840: 8836: 8829: 8822: 8815: 8811: 8806: 8790: 8786: 8782: 8776: 8761: 8757: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8736: 8720: 8716: 8714:9781904350408 8710: 8707:. p. 8. 8706: 8702: 8698: 8697: 8689: 8682: 8676: 8668: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8649: 8643:, p. 39. 8642: 8637: 8621: 8617: 8611: 8592: 8585: 8579: 8573: 8568: 8561: 8560:3-486-56700-4 8557: 8551: 8535: 8531: 8529:9789639116030 8525: 8521: 8517: 8516: 8508: 8493: 8487: 8483: 8482: 8475: 8460: 8454: 8450: 8446: 8445: 8437: 8430: 8426: 8421: 8414: 8410: 8407: 8402: 8395: 8390: 8374: 8370: 8368:9780823233434 8364: 8360: 8356: 8355: 8347: 8340: 8335: 8327: 8323: 8319: 8318: 8310: 8294: 8290: 8284: 8282: 8274: 8269: 8267: 8259: 8254: 8245: 8240: 8236: 8235: 8230: 8223: 8215: 8209: 8205: 8201: 8194: 8186: 8180: 8176: 8172: 8168: 8161: 8152: 8136: 8132: 8131:H-Net Reviews 8128: 8121: 8113: 8106: 8090: 8086: 8084:9780873386517 8080: 8076: 8072: 8071: 8063: 8055: 8049: 8045: 8038: 8030: 8023: 8015: 8009: 8005: 7998: 7982: 7978: 7972: 7965:(2): 284–305. 7964: 7960: 7953: 7945: 7938: 7930: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7910: 7902: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7878: 7870: 7864: 7860: 7853: 7845: 7839: 7835: 7828: 7820: 7814: 7810: 7803: 7795: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7775: 7767: 7760: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7729: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7700: 7693: 7691: 7683: 7678: 7670: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7649: 7641: 7637: 7630: 7611: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7587: 7580: 7576: 7570: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7544: 7542: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7515: 7507: 7500: 7492: 7488: 7482: 7466: 7462: 7456: 7446: 7439: 7435: 7429: 7425: 7418: 7410: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7389: 7382: 7377: 7369: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7348: 7341: 7330: 7324: 7320: 7315: 7314: 7305: 7298: 7286: 7282: 7281: 7274: 7267: 7263: 7257: 7253: 7246: 7239: 7234: 7228: 7224: 7217: 7209: 7203: 7199: 7192: 7185: 7179: 7172: 7167: 7158: 7149: 7142: 7137: 7130: 7125: 7109: 7105: 7099: 7092: 7087: 7079: 7075: 7069: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7019: 7014: 7006: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6985: 6977: 6970: 6954: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6936: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6885: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6854: 6848: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6829: 6821: 6814: 6812: 6803: 6802: 6796: 6788: 6780: 6776: 6770: 6766: 6765: 6757: 6750: 6746: 6745: 6740: 6739:2-8593-9739-6 6736: 6732: 6726: 6719: 6718:3-8000-3168-X 6715: 6709: 6701: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6681: 6679: 6671: 6667: 6661: 6659: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6628: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6602: 6593: 6585: 6583:9780816074693 6579: 6575: 6574: 6566: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6546: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6513: 6509: 6503: 6495: 6494: 6487: 6479: 6478: 6471: 6463: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6424: 6417: 6413: 6412:Austrian Jews 6409: 6405: 6401: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6376: 6360: 6356: 6355: 6350: 6344: 6337: 6333: 6330: 6326: 6320: 6304: 6300: 6293: 6289: 6273: 6265: 6259: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6236: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6217: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6197: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6128: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6117: 6108: 6106: 6102: 6099: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6081: 6078: 6074: 6073:Veliki Skočaj 6070: 6066: 6062: 6059: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6055: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6036: 6033:and northern 6032: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6011:and parts of 6010: 6006: 6002: 5999: 5995: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5924: 5923: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5902:Boka Kotorska 5899: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5861:Lesser Poland 5858: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5830: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5816: 5813: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5750: 5749:Upper Austria 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5725:Lower Austria 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5692: 5688: 5682: 5678: 5677: 5666: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5570: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5547: 5544: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5535: 5528: 5520: 5510: 5500: 5474: 5473:Saint Germain 5470: 5465: 5458: 5457:Saint Germain 5454: 5449: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5411: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5392:Miklós Horthy 5389: 5385: 5380: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5306: 5296: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5278: 5277: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5243: 5241: 5236: 5234: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5211: 5206: 5197: 5193: 5190: 5180: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5160: 5158: 5154: 5149: 5147: 5137: 5134: 5130: 5127: 5123: 5120: 5111: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5011: 5010: 5004: 5003:Bielsko-Biała 5000: 4996: 4993: 4989: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4948: 4944: 4941: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4932: 4929: 4920: 4918: 4915:line (1888), 4914: 4911:line (1888), 4910: 4907:line (1887), 4906: 4902: 4898: 4893: 4891: 4881: 4878: 4869: 4864: 4860: 4850: 4848: 4839: 4830: 4827: 4817: 4813: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4783: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4764: 4760: 4759:food industry 4754: 4752: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4691: 4687: 4686:Panic of 1873 4682: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4584: 4580: 4578: 4574: 4565: 4556: 4554: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4513: 4498: 4495: 4487: 4476: 4473: 4469: 4466: 4462: 4459: 4455: 4452: 4448: 4445: – 4444: 4440: 4439:Find sources: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4417:This section 4415: 4411: 4406: 4405: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4318: 4314: 4309: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4157: 4154:in his book, 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4121: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4085: 4084:Kultursprache 4074: 4070: 4068: 4062: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4040: 4033: 4030: 4029:Landessprache 4024: 4017: 4015: 4010: 4002: 4001: 3995: 3987: 3979: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3965:Magyarization 3962: 3958: 3952: 3942: 3940: 3935: 3931: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3877: 3873: 3868: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3830: 3822: 3817: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3791: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3775: 3773: 3769: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3722: 3718: 3709: 3706: 3700: 3691: 3689: 3688:István Burián 3683: 3676: 3671: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3634:Romanian Army 3629: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3572:Western front 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3546: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3531:Luigi Cadorna 3529: 3520: 3519:Italian Front 3516: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3398:Eastern front 3391: 3387: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3352: 3342: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3312: 3309: 3302: 3292: 3290: 3280: 3276: 3275:Franz Josef I 3272: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3245: 3243: 3237: 3235: 3228: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3182: 3178: 3176: 3175: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3110: 3100: 3098: 3093: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3015: 3012: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2975: 2974:Eduard Wagnes 2971: 2967: 2963: 2962:special units 2959: 2954: 2949: 2948:Bosnia Crisis 2945: 2941: 2931: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2890: 2885: 2876: 2874: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2790: 2785: 2783: 2778: 2776: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2767: 2764: 2754: 2753: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2669:Árpád dynasty 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2634: 2633: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2559: 2558: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2542: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2502: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2354: 2353: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2283: 2281: 2280:Royal Hungary 2278: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2257: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2239: 2238: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2154: 2153: 2144:862–895 2143: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2133: 2131: 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Retrieved 6303:the original 6292: 6272: 6258: 6235: 6216: 6200: 6113: 6112: 6052: 6051: 6005:Transylvania 5982: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5865:Subcarpathia 5817:(except the 5796:Cisleithania 5794: 5788: 5787: 5783: 5757: 5687:Cisleithania 5685: 5652: 5623:proto-states 5576:proto-states 5533: 5420:Habsburg Law 5417: 5381: 5353: 5324: 5290: 5286: 5275: 5255: 5237: 5232: 5229: 5209: 5194: 5186: 5173:Gábor Baross 5166: 5157:Adriatic Sea 5150: 5143: 5116: 5008: 4933: 4926: 4919:line (1912) 4895:Electrified 4894: 4887: 4874: 4844: 4823: 4814: 4805: 4799: 4755: 4734: 4718:central bank 4710:Wiener Börse 4706:urbanization 4700:accelerated 4695: 4581: 4570: 4549: 4518: 4490: 4481: 4471: 4464: 4457: 4450: 4438: 4426:Please help 4421:verification 4418: 4359: 4357: 4337:Adolf Hitler 4322: 4317:Leopoldstadt 4260: 4251:Istvan Tisza 4231: 4191:Transylvania 4184: 4176:Brno (Brünn) 4160: 4155: 4152:Misha Glenny 4137: 4122: 4090:equal rights 4081: 4079: 4063: 4053:(Nagyrőce), 4047:(gymnasiums) 4043: 4035: 4019: 4013: 4011: 4007: 3945:Demographics 3938: 3926: 3908:After 1878, 3907: 3880: 3862: 3850:Cisleithania 3835: 3792: 3776: 3764: 3736: 3732: 3701: 3697: 3684: 3680: 3675:Păuleni-Ciuc 3631: 3616:Villa Giusti 3604:Armando Diaz 3584: 3549: 3547: 3543:four battles 3524: 3482: 3454:puppet state 3431: 3395: 3354: 3339:Green Cadres 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3304: 3285: 3246: 3239: 3230: 3213:István Tisza 3202: 3172: 3153: 3094: 3090: 3075: 3071: 3047: 3016: 3007: 2995: 2979: 2928: 2920:Napoleon III 2893: 2857: 2826: 2798: 2719:Coat of arms 2704:Christianity 2699:List of Wars 2562:Contemporary 2545:World War II 2414: 2260:Ottoman Wars 2242:Early modern 2225:Ottoman Wars 1975: 1858:World War II 1774: 1679:East Francia 1523: 1503: 1501: 1483: 1479: 1463: 1455: 1447: 1439: 1430:Cisleithania 1417: 1409: 1399: 1391: 1386:k.u.k. Armee 1383: 1375: 1363: 1352: 1317: 1315: 1302: 1290: 1278: 1248: 1239: 1229: 1222: 1180: 1148: 1120:Cisleithania 1109: 1094: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1049: 986:West Ukraine 941: 895: 863:Succeeded by 862: 857: 718:28 July 1914 705:28 June 1914 446:Emperor-King 272:Largest city 198:Cisleithania 137: 118:Motto: 117: 100:Coat of arms 36: 18538: / 18441:Spa culture 18272:Irredentism 18110:Agriculture 18039:Nationality 17757:World War I 17556:British Raj 17528:(Sri Lanka) 17414:Württemberg 17126:South Yemen 17014:Maguindanao 16907:Afghanistan 16668:Barotseland 16604:Saint Lucia 16577:New Zealand 16486:Netherlands 16259:Chhatrapati 16243:Sovereignty 16183:Aristocracy 15890:Pornography 15880:Health care 15784:Agriculture 15738:LGBT rights 15731:enforcement 14717:Khwarezmian 14650:Carolingian 14455:Rashtrakuta 14159:Shaishunaga 14058:Hellenistic 14041:New Kingdom 14031:Old Kingdom 13827:Alfred Redl 13772:Franz Böhme 13627:of the Navy 13482:GdK Edmund 13475:FZM Rudolf 13336:Battleships 13267:Schutzkorps 13233:Kaiserjäger 13163:Common Army 12687:(1901–1917) 12659:1908–1918; 12634:(1867–1882) 12344:Lajtabánság 12260:Short-lived 12203:Sudetenland 12119:Pichon Line 11880:online free 11099:online free 9080:19 November 8935:7 September 8725:14 November 8600:19 November 8572:Taylor 1964 8540:16 November 8394:Watson 2014 8339:Watson 2014 8273:Watson 2014 8258:Watson 2014 8095:19 November 7682:Watson 2014 7642:(2): 163ff. 7334:2 September 7171:Bridge 1972 7161:Wank, 2020. 6720:, in German 6414:, although 6208:and 10–12% 6091:Herceg Novi 6069:Mali Skočaj 5998:Zakarpattia 5985:along with 5840:South Tyrol 5659:Switzerland 5459:(1919–1920) 5266:Common Army 5183:Tisza River 5105:Underground 5043:Nyíregyháza 5023:Szombathely 4751:pastoralism 4329:antisemitic 4201:in today's 4178:). The old 4039:Sudetenland 3883:parliaments 3872:Common Army 3840:turned the 3705:German army 3474:proto state 3174:Schutzkorps 3120:July Crisis 2860:Ferenc Deák 2435:World War I 2357:Late modern 2250:Reformation 2195:Golden Bull 2039:History of 1787:World War I 1706:Middle Ages 1560:History of 1217:Silver coin 1179:successors 1155:World War I 858:Preceded by 844:(1892–1918) 836:(1867–1892) 787:4 June 1920 700:July Crisis 645:World War I 571:Legislature 231:Condominium 182:World War I 103:(1915–1918) 18553:Categories 18526:16°21′54″E 18523:48°12′27″N 18456:Television 18421:Literature 18411:Inventions 18262:Hungarians 18252:Healthcare 18142:(currency) 18044:Parliament 17845:Holy Crown 17622:Tanganyika 17537:The Gambia 17465:Niuē-Fekai 17404:Yugoslavia 17304:Montenegro 17111:Upper Yafa 17106:Upper Asir 16743:Madagascar 16476:Luxembourg 16208:Government 16173:Abdication 16142:Hereditary 16070:Monarchies 15958:Literature 15753:Parliament 15716:Government 15635:Ecoregions 15287:Portuguese 15168:Revival Le 15158:Vietnamese 14801:Later Tran 14771:Vietnamese 14667:Singhasari 14655:Holy Roman 14279:Bulgarian 14215:Satavahana 14186:Phoenician 14122:Achaemenid 14083:Indo-Greek 14063:Macedonian 13977:Babylonian 13740:Commanders 13455:von Koller 13394:Leadership 13195:First Army 12663:1878–1918) 11835:: 88–108. 11687:(3): 208. 10841:1150075157 10794:1149195550 10636:4 December 10581:Sked, Alan 10217:. p. 10032:. p. 9716:Roy Porter 9216:28 January 8379:2 December 8173:. p. 7291:7 December 7048:Britannica 6959:31 January 6284:References 6083:Montenegro 5969:(Croatian 5947:Burgenland 5888:Chernivtsi 5805:Burgenland 5753:Vorarlberg 5721:Küstenland 5663:Vorarlberg 5404:Versailles 5274:Hungarian 5272:, and the 5177:Iron Gates 5171:. Finally 5015:Bratislava 4990:Dalmatia: 4909:Szentendre 4824:The first 4730:1990 Int$ 4648:Ruthenian 4608:Hungarian 4484:April 2023 4454:newspapers 4382:Samu Hazai 3973:Panslavism 3955:See also: 3939:status quo 3922:Montenegro 3846:real union 3810:Government 3442:Wilhelm II 3319:See also: 3299:See also: 3279:Wilhelm II 3168:Ivo Andrić 3059:Maximilian 3039:Montenegro 3003:Suez Canal 2982:Pan-Slavic 2724:Literature 2674:Holy Crown 2644:Hungarians 2624:since 2012 1945:Liberalism 1669:Carantania 1647:Marcomanni 1486:kraljevski 1265:(English: 1243:(English: 1192:, and the 1116:real union 1000:Yugoslavia 821:51,390,223 810:Population 434:Government 424:Demonym(s) 396:Protestant 229:, and the 105:(see also 18401:Festivals 18282:Languages 18228:Education 18182:Transport 18129:Companies 18061:President 17997:Elections 17951:Mountains 17923:Hydrology 17881:Geography 17592:Mauritius 17485:Rarotonga 17470:Nuku Hiva 17460:Mangareva 17435:Bora Bora 17314:Neuchâtel 17284:Lithuania 17189:Catalonia 17076:Sri Lanka 17029:Manchukuo 17004:Kurdistan 16958:Indonesia 16881:Talamanca 16841:Araucanía 16824:and other 16803:Wassoulou 16547:Australia 16223:Oligarchy 15885:Languages 15870:Education 15824:Transport 15794:Companies 15706:Elections 15645:Mountains 15630:Districts 15603:Geography 15573:Anschluss 15459:Roman Era 15280:Couronian 14918:Ethiopian 14906:Manchukuo 14861:Brazilian 14707:Ghaznavid 14677:Srivijaya 14628:Trebizond 14613:Byzantine 14595:North Sea 14590:Norwegian 14578:Almoravid 14561:Ilkhanate 14531:Majapahit 14504:Muromachi 14413:Solomonic 14398:Ethiopian 14312:Caliphate 14245:Aragonese 14073:Ptolemaic 13559:Charles I 13503:Schönaich 13415:Charles I 13369:Air Force 13226:Feldjäger 12794:1900–1901 12764:1871–1872 12366:to Poland 12097:Diplomacy 11894:In German 11849:143745426 11772:143481172 11366:154381768 11274:145716467 11226:World war 11037:23 August 11027:239313989 10947:167195732 10884:28444909M 10802:13524274M 10777:151977197 10738:19 August 10509:22077590M 10473:21992200M 10379:28 August 10215:Macmillan 10163:28 August 10030:Macmillan 9957:8 October 9842:19 August 9722:, p. 266. 9535:, p. 246. 9420:17 August 9302:28 August 8497:1 January 8464:1 January 8299:28 August 7606:154930518 7561:21170640M 7044:"Austria" 6927:144762108 6911:0008-9389 6847:Kann 1974 6538:Frankfurt 6404:Ukrainian 6379:From the 6248:Hungarian 6229:Unitarian 6031:Vojvodina 6021:Maramureș 5961:Prekmurje 5945:Austria ( 5829:Prekmurje 5819:Hlučínsko 5705:Carinthia 5281:Landsturm 5221:Dubrovnik 5098:Dubrovnik 5076:Croatia: 5039:Satu Mare 5031:Timișoara 4997:Galicia: 4992:Dubrovnik 4940:Innsbruck 4820:Telephone 4802:Pressburg 4796:Telegraph 4726:GDP (PPP) 4692:followed. 4640:Romanian 4616:Croatian 4547:in 1365. 4400:Education 4247:Charles I 4219:Vojvodina 4187:Romanians 3903:Reichsrat 3677:, Romania 3651:Bucharest 3587:Caporetto 3315:Homefront 3029:with the 1841:Anschluss 1826:Civil War 1655:Baiuvarii 1601:Roman Era 1516:Hungarian 1342:Hungarian 1305:(German: 1293:(German: 1281:(German: 1235:Hungarian 1163:dissolved 375:Religion 324:Ruthenian 292:Hungarian 84:1867–1918 73:Hungarian 18501:Category 18406:Folklore 18383:Sausages 18302:Religion 18162:Taxation 18147:Industry 18027:Military 17975:Politics 17898:Counties 17857:Nobility 17840:Monarchs 17820:Military 17815:Economic 17707:Pannonia 17682:articles 17607:Rhodesia 17602:Pakistan 17521:Barbados 17490:Rimatara 17480:Rapa Iti 17409:Valencia 17384:Tavolara 17374:Scotland 17339:Portugal 17299:Moldavia 17184:Bulgaria 17179:Brittany 17154:Asturias 17034:Mongolia 17024:Maldives 16886:Trinidad 16876:Suriname 16834:Americas 16818:Zimbabwe 16813:Zanzibar 16798:Wituland 16773:Ngazidja 16768:Ndzuwani 16703:Ethiopia 16426:Thailand 16406:Malaysia 16386:Cambodia 16336:Eswatini 16132:Elective 16117:Absolute 16023:Category 15900:Religion 15850:Abortion 15809:Taxation 15748:Military 15684:Politics 15486:Rugiland 15469:Pannonia 15426:articles 15260:Japanese 15223:Scottish 15203:American 15195:Colonial 15124:Imperial 15092:Moroccan 15028:Japanese 15006:Afsharid 14865:Burmese 14851:Austrian 14806:Later Le 14781:Early Le 14766:Venetian 14692:Tiwanaku 14605:Hellenic 14568:Moroccan 14499:Kamakura 14489:Japanese 14472:Saffarid 14425:Georgian 14339:Chalukya 14317:Rashidun 14307:Calakmul 14275:Bruneian 14154:Haryanka 14132:Sasanian 14127:Parthian 14078:Bactrian 14068:Seleucid 14048:Goguryeo 14026:Egyptian 13960:Assyrian 13950:Akkadian 13941:Colonies 13501:Freiherr 13484:Freiherr 13477:Freiherr 13470:Freiherr 13453:Freiherr 13443:Freiherr 13402:Emperors 13383:Aircraft 13341:Cruisers 13210:Weaponry 13031:Dalmatia 12661:de facto 12385:to China 12379:to Italy 12370:Bukovina 12357:Cessions 12129:Vix Note 12046:Treaties 11988:Archived 11934:Archived 11883:Archived 11853:Archived 11787:Archived 11628:Archived 11611:Archived 11594:Archived 11558:Archived 11547:96478651 11452:(1966). 11424:6715012M 11388:Archived 11260:: 1–56. 11210:Archived 11132:Archived 11076:(1922). 11031:Archived 10849:1313375M 10769:40650848 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