56:
794:, Kork did not answer when asked if he had conducted spying. He was convicted of "involvement in a military conspiracy in the Red Army and in preparing to overthrow Soviet power through an armed uprising and the defeat of the Soviet Union in a future war." He was shot in Moscow the next day and buried in the
655:, advancing 70 miles (110 km). Polish resistance stiffened the next day, stopping the army's advance. After Polish counterattacks had pushed back the 15th Army and other Red Army units, Mikhail Tukhachevsky launched a second Soviet offensive. By 22 July the army had crossed the
1235:
814:, where she was arrested on 5 September. She and other wives of executed military leaders were moved back to Moscow and subjected to torture and interrogation. On 13 July 1941 she was sentenced to death and was shot at the
682:
in an attempt to encircle White forces north of the isthmus, but the Soviet cavalry units that were to complete the encirclement failed and many of
Wrangel's troops escaped. On 8 November the 6th Army captured the
1215:
1195:
743:
as the Soviet military attaché there. After his return to the Soviet Union in May 1929, Kork became head of the Red Army's supply. In
November of that year, he was appointed commander of the
570:. On 31 March, Kork was awarded the Order of Saint Anna 2nd class with Swords. Between August 1917 and February 1918 he was chairman of the Soldiers' Committee of the Western Front.
1225:
1145:
566:. In 1917, he graduated from the Observer-Pilot Military School. On 25 February, Kork became an officer for Aircraft Orders on the Staff of the Western Front. He was promoted to
1185:
1180:
1210:
1205:
1200:
629:
516:
314:
1140:
791:
472:
1250:
592:'s Operational-Surveillance Department. In December, Kork became an advisor to the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs of the Bolshevik-sponsored
542:
3rd class with Swords. On 1 April 1915, he was awarded the Order of Saint
Stanislaus 2nd class with Swords. Kork became an adjutant on the staff of the
1220:
1175:
584:
748:
625:
550:
on 14 June. On 16 November, Kork received the Order of Saint Anna 4th class. At the same time, he became an adjutant at the headquarters of the
684:
1155:
692:
687:
and began its advance south. Wrangel issued evacuation orders and by 16 November most of the White troops had evacuated. Kork was awarded an
1190:
1052:
Executed Elite of the Red Army (Komandarms of the 1st and 2nd ranks, Komkors, Komdivs, and equivalents) 1937–1941 Biographical
Dictionary
1230:
596:. Between February and May 1919, he was chief of staff of the Estonian Red Army. In June, he became the assistant commander of the
520:
870:
1160:
512:
369:
1170:
708:
440:
1245:
1101:
1080:
1036:
1165:
1048:Расстрелянная элита РККА (командармы 1-го и 2-го рангов, комкоры, комдивы и им равные): 1937–1941. Биографический словарь
732:
531:
1130:
980:
1135:
1059:
562:
and the Office of the
Quartermaster General on the Staff of the Western Front. On 15 August 1916, he was promoted to
559:
467:
with the rank of
Komandarm 2nd rank. At this time he was the highest-ranking Estonian Red Army officer. During the
1240:
605:
535:
377:
810:
Kork married
Yekaterina Mikhailovna (born 1894). In June 1937, after Kork's arrest, Yekaterina was exiled to
724:
720:
688:
346:
303:
240:
230:
67:
22:
1150:
593:
736:
620:
considered him the best of the
Western Front army commanders. On 26 October 1919 Kork began an attack on
551:
245:
770:) 1937. Kork initially denied the charges but signed a confession on 18 May. The confession stated that
815:
731:. In November 1925, he became commander of the Western Military District again. In 1927, he joined the
671:
663:. For actions in the Polish-Soviet War in July 1920 Kork was awarded a second Order of the Red Banner.
555:
515:, from which he graduated in 1914 in the first class. For his academic achievements, Kork received the
429:
100:
704:
436:
220:
790:
on 29 May, Kork had a confrontation session with him. At the secret trial on 11 June, known as the
744:
728:
460:
452:
250:
235:
499:
Military School after the educational system was reorganized. Kork graduated on 15 June 1908 as a
760:
752:
637:
543:
464:
297:
255:
621:
563:
488:
80:
644:
600:. Between 31 July and 15 October 1919 and 22 October, 1919 and 16 October 1920 Kork led the
413:
393:
365:
281:
161:
1125:
1120:
613:
495:
in 1905, Kork entered the Vilna Cadet School on 31 August. In 1907, he transferred to the
8:
539:
308:
799:
756:
354:
1097:
1076:
1055:
1032:
795:
787:
716:
601:
448:
401:
389:
276:
210:
119:
667:
628:, forcing the Northwest Army to retreat. On 6 November the army linked up with the
609:
597:
589:
417:
405:
397:
338:
215:
659:. After the Polish counteroffensive, two of the army's divisions were interned in
1091:
1070:
1026:
779:
767:
712:
444:
225:
588:(All-Russian Main Staff) and from October headed the Operations section and the
1236:
Members of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union executed by the Soviet Union
783:
652:
617:
456:
133:
84:
707:. Between 30 June and 4 October, 1922 Kork was the assistant commander of the
1114:
771:
656:
547:
1093:
The Red Army, 1918–1941: From
Vanguard of World Revolution to America's Ally
678:. The 6th Army's attack began two days later. On 29 October it had captured
459:
between 1928 and 1929. Returning from Germany, Kork became commander of the
988:
775:
660:
567:
143:
108:
76:
786:
was arrested for signing Kork's party recommendation. After the arrest of
527:
500:
468:
373:
358:
271:
871:"Русская армия в Великой войне: Картотека проекта: Корк Август Иванович"
798:. The Frunze Military Academy was purged. On 31 January 1957 Kork was "
719:. From July to December 1923 Kork was the First Assistant Chief of the
421:
381:
26:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
811:
455:, several military districts, and was the Soviet military attaché in
409:
196:
1046:
Cherushev, Nikolai Semyonovich; Cherushev, Yury Nikolaevich (2012).
491:
to a peasant family. After graduating from four years of college in
579:
508:
496:
385:
350:
166:
55:
827:
873:[Russian Army in the Great War: Kork, August Ivanovich].
679:
34:
1216:
Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 2nd class
1196:
Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 3rd class
670:
on 26 October 1920, fighting against the last White Army led by
740:
675:
616:
repeatedly noted Kork's ability to manage troops in combat and
504:
484:
425:
104:
72:
1075:(40th Anniversary ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
912:
624:, capturing it on 31 October. The army advanced north towards
648:
492:
138:
960:
633:
1003:
948:
723:. He became assistant commander and then commander of the
774:
had involved him in a "rightist conspiracy" connected to
392:, initially as chief of staff of the Bolshevik-sponsored
1226:
Case of the Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization
924:
888:
435:
After the end of the campaign, Kork took command of the
1146:
Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union members
349:
22 July] 1887 – 11 June 1937) was an Estonian
936:
759:
from November 1935. Kork lived in an apartment in the
503:
and served in the 98th Yuryevsky Infantry Regiment in
900:
792:
Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization
473:
Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization
727:. Between February and November 1925, Kork led the
691:on 30 December 1920 for the capture of Perekop and
1186:Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War
1045:
842:
1181:Russian Provisional Government military personnel
766:Kork was arrested on 12 May (16 May according to
554:. On 25 or 30 December he was transferred to the
483:Kork was born on 2 August 1887 in the village of
1112:
439:and later became the assistant commander of the
749:Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union
345:, also Аугуст Яанович Корк; 2 August [
1211:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 4th class
1206:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class
1201:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class
632:and captured Volosovo. For operations around
735:. Between May 1927 and May 1928, he led the
703:On 16 May 1921 Kork became commander of the
471:, Kork was arrested and shot as part of the
451:. During the late 1920s, Kork commanded the
416:and in October 1920 became commander of the
400:. In July 1919 Kork became commander of the
1141:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
1054:] (in Russian). Moscow: Kuchkovo Pole.
1028:Moscow 1941: A City & Its People at War
1024:
1009:
711:. On 4 October 1922 he took command of the
519:3rd class on 8 May. He was seconded to the
1251:Commandants of the Frunze Military Academy
54:
1221:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
1176:Russian military personnel of World War I
443:. In October 1922 he took command of the
1068:
966:
954:
942:
782:'s "Trotskyite group". Four days later,
695:positions and the occupation of Crimea.
478:
357:) who was tried and executed during the
475:. He was acquitted twenty years later.
396:and then as assistant commander of the
1113:
1089:
930:
918:
906:
894:
802:" (acquitted) for "lack of evidence."
709:Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Crimea
651:. By 23 May, the army had crossed the
558:headquarters. He also served with the
538:. In October 1914, he was awarded the
507:. On 14 June 1911, he was promoted to
441:Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Crimea
372:. He served as a staff officer during
1156:Soviet komandarms of the second rank
978:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
647:. On 17 May 1920, the army attacked
604:. The army fought against the White
573:
733:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
636:in October 1919 he was awarded the
408:'s Northwestern Army and defending
16:Estonian Soviet general (1887–1937)
13:
972:
14:
1262:
848:
739:. In June 1928, Kork was sent to
1231:Great Purge victims from Estonia
1072:The Great Terror: A Reassessment
805:
463:. In 1935 he became head of the
376:and in February 1917 was at the
1191:People of the Polish–Soviet War
979:Hiio, Toomas (1 October 2012).
747:. Kork became a member of the
1161:Imperial Russian Army officers
843:Cherushev & Cherushev 2012
643:Kork led the 15th Army in the
578:In June 1918, Kork joined the
364:Kork became an officer of the
1:
1171:Soviet expatriates in Germany
1025:Braithwaite, Rodric (2010) .
1018:
721:Air Fleet of the Soviet Union
689:Honorary Revolutionary Weapon
304:Honorary Revolutionary Weapon
241:Belorussian Military District
23:Eastern Slavic naming customs
1246:Burials at Donskoye Cemetery
380:headquarters. Kork became a
7:
737:Leningrad Military District
698:
666:He became commander of the
552:8th Siberian Rifle Division
311:(2nd, 3rd, and 4th classes)
246:Leningrad Military District
10:
1267:
1069:Conquest, Robert (2008) .
816:Kommunarka shooting ground
672:Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel
511:. In 1911, he entered the
430:Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel
420:, which defeated the last
101:Kommunarka shooting ground
21:In this name that follows
20:
1131:People from Kastre Parish
1031:. London: Profile Books.
921:, pp. 122, 125, 129.
725:Western Military District
705:Kharkov Military District
594:Estonian Workers' Commune
517:Order of Saint Stanislaus
437:Kharkov Military District
412:. He led the army in the
342:
324:
315:Order of Saint Stanislaus
290:
264:
231:Western Military District
221:Kharkov Military District
203:
192:
175:
152:
126:
114:
90:
62:
53:
46:
1166:Soviet military attachés
1136:People from Kreis Dorpat
1096:. New York: Frank Cass.
1090:Ziemke, Earl F. (2004).
821:
745:Moscow Military District
729:Red Banner Caucasus Army
461:Moscow Military District
251:Moscow Military District
236:Red Banner Caucasus Army
761:House on the Embankment
753:Frunze Military Academy
715:, fighting against the
638:Order of the Red Banner
544:3rd Siberian Army Corps
521:Vilno Military District
465:Frunze Military Academy
368:and graduated from the
298:Order of the Red Banner
256:Frunze Military Academy
1241:Soviet rehabilitations
489:Governorate of Livonia
328:Yekaterina Mikhailovna
81:Governorate of Livonia
70:22 July] 1887
513:General Staff Academy
479:Early life and career
370:General Staff Academy
366:Imperial Russian Army
335:August Ivanovich Kork
317:, 2nd and 3rd classes
176:Years of service
162:Imperial Russian Army
969:, pp. 203, 205.
630:5th Latvian Regiment
614:Mikhail Tukhachevsky
546:and was promoted to
343:Август Иванович Корк
1151:Estonian communists
957:, pp. 199–200.
933:, pp. 131–132.
897:, pp. 106–108.
751:. He commanded the
582:. He worked at the
540:Order of Saint Anna
447:, fighting against
388:. He fought in the
309:Order of Saint Anna
66:2 August [
757:Komandarm 2nd rank
568:lieutenant colonel
532:Northwestern Front
355:Komandarm 2nd rank
1103:978-1-135-76918-5
1082:978-0-19-531699-5
1038:978-1-84765-062-7
991:on 15 August 2014
845:, pp. 31–32.
796:Donskoye Cemetery
788:Ieronim Uborevich
645:Polish–Soviet War
574:Russian Civil War
414:Polish–Soviet War
394:Estonian Red Army
390:Russian Civil War
332:
331:
282:Polish–Soviet War
277:Russian Civil War
120:Donskoye Cemetery
1258:
1107:
1086:
1065:
1042:
1013:
1010:Braithwaite 2010
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
987:. Archived from
985:www.estonica.org
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
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904:
898:
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882:
867:
846:
840:
610:Nikolai Yudenich
406:Nikolai Yudenich
344:
154:
97:
58:
44:
43:
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841:
828:
824:
808:
780:Vitaly Primakov
768:Robert Conquest
713:Turkestan Front
701:
576:
560:20th Army Corps
526:Kork fought in
481:
449:Basmachi rebels
445:Turkestan Front
384:and joined the
320:
286:
260:
226:Turkestan Front
188:
171:
148:
122:
99:
95:
71:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1102:
1087:
1081:
1066:
1060:
1043:
1037:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1012:, p. 258.
1002:
981:"Kork, August"
971:
959:
947:
945:, p. 194.
935:
923:
911:
909:, p. 119.
899:
887:
847:
825:
823:
820:
807:
804:
784:Robert Eideman
700:
697:
653:Berezina River
618:Sergey Kamenev
606:Northwest Army
585:Vseroglavshtab
575:
572:
523:headquarters.
480:
477:
330:
329:
326:
322:
321:
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134:Russian Empire
130:
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118:
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112:
111:
98:(aged 49)
92:
88:
87:
85:Russian Empire
64:
60:
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51:
50:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1061:9785995002178
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1029:
1023:
1022:
1011:
1006:
990:
986:
982:
975:
968:
967:Conquest 2008
963:
956:
955:Conquest 2008
951:
944:
943:Conquest 2008
939:
932:
927:
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903:
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839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
826:
819:
817:
813:
806:Personal life
803:
801:
800:rehabilitated
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:Avel Enukidze
769:
764:
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581:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:Staff captain
545:
541:
537:
536:Western Front
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
453:Caucasus Army
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:Western Front
375:
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52:
45:
40:
36:
33: and the
32:
28:
24:
19:
1092:
1071:
1051:
1047:
1027:
1005:
995:22 September
993:. Retrieved
989:the original
984:
974:
962:
950:
938:
926:
914:
902:
890:
879:. Retrieved
877:(in Russian)
875:www.grwar.ru
874:
818:on 28 July.
809:
776:Vitovt Putna
765:
702:
685:Turkish Wall
665:
661:East Prussia
642:
583:
577:
525:
482:
434:
404:, defeating
363:
334:
333:
265:Battles/wars
144:Soviet Union
109:Soviet Union
96:(1937-06-11)
94:11 June 1937
77:Kreis Dorpat
38:
30:
18:
1126:1937 deaths
1121:1887 births
931:Ziemke 2004
919:Ziemke 2004
907:Ziemke 2004
895:Ziemke 2004
693:Yushunskaya
528:World War I
501:Podporuchik
469:Great Purge
374:World War I
359:Great Purge
353:commander (
272:World War I
48:August Kork
35:family name
1115:Categories
1019:References
881:2016-09-22
755:and was a
422:White Army
199:, 2nd rank
127:Allegiance
27:patronymic
812:Astrakhan
602:15th Army
556:10th Army
428:, led by
410:Petrograd
402:15th Army
382:Bolshevik
361:in 1937.
325:Spouse(s)
211:15th Army
197:Komandarm
185:1918–1937
182:1908–1917
31:Ivanovich
717:Basmachi
699:Interwar
668:6th Army
626:Volosovo
598:7th Army
590:9th Army
580:Red Army
534:and the
509:Poruchik
497:Chuguyev
418:6th Army
398:7th Army
386:Red Army
351:Red Army
216:6th Army
204:Commands
167:Red Army
153:Service/
680:Perekop
608:led by
564:captain
530:on the
487:in the
457:Germany
339:Russian
1100:
1079:
1058:
1035:
741:Berlin
676:Crimea
505:Dvinsk
485:Aardla
426:Crimea
291:Awards
155:branch
115:Buried
105:Moscow
73:Aardla
25:, the
1050:[
822:Notes
657:Neman
649:Minsk
493:Tartu
139:RSFSR
1098:ISBN
1077:ISBN
1056:ISBN
1033:ISBN
997:2016
778:and
634:Gdov
622:Luga
347:O.S.
193:Rank
91:Died
68:O.S.
63:Born
39:Kork
674:in
424:in
300:(2)
37:is
29:is
1117::
983:.
850:^
829:^
763:.
640:.
612:.
432:.
341::
107:,
103:,
83:,
79:,
75:,
1106:.
1085:.
1064:.
1041:.
999:.
884:.
337:(
41:.
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