3655:: Mr. Deputy Speaker, we heard Dr. Chibule saying that he is going to give us a list of 20 clinical officers who are being refused permission to practice and forced to go back to government practice and this is the thing I am trying to reply to. The hon. Member was in the house when Dr. Chibule said this but I do not know why he did not hear him say so, but nevertheless, let me continue. Mr. Deputy speaker, Sir, the clinical officers helped the government during the recent doctors' strike in the country when we virtually depended on them. Now, Sir, part (a) of this motion is not the responsibility of the Ministry of Health because if anybody wants to pursue higher education, even from this house, it is upon him first to make sure he has the prerequisite qualifications to pursue higher studies. So, with that, the ministry is not concerned. Part (b) of the motion is the most important. We are requiring the enactment of a law to cover our present clinical officers to allow them to practice and be covered by the law as the doctors are covered. This is the point and the assistant minister for health has produced a paper which is going to be presented before the cabinet after which it will come to the house. Now, Sir, where do we disagree? There is no place where we disagree. What we are trying to say is that the government is already doing what it is being asked to do, and that is why we are saying that this matter has more or less been overtaken by events. Therefore, we are not going to be asked to do what we are already doing.
4474:
maiden edition was won by the
Presbyterian University College, Ghana. After permanent certification, among other things, PAs diagnose and treat illnesses, conduct physical examinations, counsel individuals on preventative health issues, and order and interpret laboratory tests. In addition, PAs are first or second assistants in major surgery, and provide pre- and post-operative care, and for that matter are trained and well versed in surgical skills. Thus, PAs play roles in preventive Medicine, as well as in educational, research, and administrative activities. The physician assistant is part of the medical team and is placed above the nurse but below the medical officer They perform tasks originally performed by doctors. Some call PAs as "village doctors" or "chiefs." To the patient, a PA is a doctor, since the PA practises medicine just as a doctor
4396:, clinical officers who complete a three-year diploma of Science in Clinical Medicine course are called CLINICAL OFFICER -GENERAL (COG). Those who complete a three-year diploma in clinical psychiatry are called CLINICAL OFFICER -PSYCHIATRY (COP). Currently the upgrade of this diploma is a Bachelor of Science and holders are called medical licentiates. Medical licentiates have advanced skills in medicine and surgery and may be deployed interchangeably with physicians. Medical licentiates outnumber general physicians (with university degree) across all regions, with the ratio ranging from 3.8 COs per physician in Lusaka to 19.3 in the Northwestern provinces. They perform routine surgical and obstetric operations as well as providing clinical care in hospitals. The
2527:
guidelines, undertaking research on critical health issues and emerging trends, implementing referral strategies and guidelines in liaison with other stakeholders, identifying skills mix and training for quality service provision in the relevant specialized service areas including, Ear, nose and throat/audiology, ophthalmology and cataract surgery, Child health and paediatrics, Anaesthesia, orthopedics and trauma, epidemiology, lung and skin, reproductive health, dermatology and venereology, coroner and forensic medicine, medical education, health economics and policy, health systems management, psychology, family and community health services, capacity building for disaster preparedness and emergency response, and coaching and mentoring staff.
4214:. They are supervised by consultants in the respective fields. The consultants ensure that they can practice clinical medicine safely before signing them off for registration. An internship booklet signed by the consultants is required for registration. After registration one is required to apply for a licence from the COC which allows them to practice medicine, surgery and dentistry legally in the country. This licence is renewable every two years. Renewal requires evidence of having attained 60 Continuous Professional Development (CPD) points in the CPD diary by further training, research and publications, attending conferences and Continuing Medical Education (CME) sessions or major ward rounds and outreach activities.
4462:. The new name Physician Assistant is not known among most Ghanaians The term Physician Assistant (PA) refers to three distinct groups of health professionals trained on the medical model to practise medicine and dentistry. They are the PA-Medical, PA-Dental and also known as Community Oral Health Officers and PA-Anaesthesia (also known as Nurse Anesthetists). These groups of mid-level health providers were trained exclusively in the past by Health Training Institutions (HTIs) under the Ministry of Health with the aim of extending care to the populace where physician numbers were scanty or not present. Currently, there are eight universities in Ghana offering a
3865:
2552:
family health health care services in health institutions and communities, formulating, developing and reviewing medico-legal standards and guidelines, facilitating research and innovation on critical health issues and emerging trends, overseeing development and review of referral strategies and guidelines in liaison with other stakeholders, providing technical advise, planning and budgeting, managing resources and budgets, capacity building and performance management for the department.
4791:
75:
4152:) in the second year. The third and fourth year involves supervised clinical practice and internship in teaching hospitals where they rotate in all the departments, receive beside lectures, attend consultants' ward rounds, clerk patients and present medical histories, perform deliveries and first-assist in major surgery. They also attend clinical meetings and write prescriptions which at this stage must be counter-signed by a supervising clinician.
2518:
and management, undertaking research on critical health issues and emerging trends, monitoring patients, making appropriate referrals and providing necessary guidance and counselling, providing specialized services including epidemiology, coroner and forensic medicine, medical education, health economics and policy, health systems management, psychology, family and community health services, and providing emergency clinical care during disasters.
140:
33:
3489:, often with little or no laboratory facilities, to make a diagnosis and provide treatment. In bigger and better equipped facilities a clinical officer generally acquires superior knowledge, experience and skills and provides high quality and a wider range of services in district, provincial and national hospitals, universities and colleges, research institutions and private medical facilities.
6765:
4466:. The objective of the Bachelor of Physician Assistantship programme is to train graduates who will possess the ability to evaluate the health status of an individual, diagnose and treat acute illness as well as life saving interventions, manage chronic diseases, deliver preventive care and counsel individuals on psychosocial problems in independently or in collaboration with a physician.
3269:, or get an advanced medical qualification from the university. There are no pathways (post-basic or post-graduate entry-level conversion programs) for nurses and other health workers hence it takes at least eight years of specialised medical training and experience for a clinical officer to graduate with a post-basic qualification. "Clinical officer" in some countries such as
3493:
progression is usually restricted by awarding terminal degrees and diplomas, training students who have not attained the minimum university entry grade and, in some countries, not awarding any degree or recognition for advanced training. In such countries, this usually results in a demotivated and low quality workforce and resulting poor health indicators.
4470:
Ghana
Medical and Dental Council. Newly qualified PAs who are successful in their licentiate examinations by the MDC are issued with provisional registrations to enable them undertake one-year internship in an accredited institution, a prerequisite for permanent registration which would also serve as national service but without pay for the twelve months.
5108:, and many more. Assistant Medical Officer could also join the MBBS /MD after completing the undergraduate study by applying for those programs in either public or private institutions. Those who want to serve and continue as Assistant Medical Officer could further their study in a special programs for Assistant Medical Officers such as
4506:. Initially it was a one-year course, but currently it is a three-year diploma course accredited by the Liberia National Physician Assistant Association (LINPAA) and the Liberia Medical and Dental Association Board. In order to legally practice medicine as a PA one must sit and pass a state exam administered by the medical board.
2476:
health workers, guiding and counselling patients, clients and staff on health issues, sensitizing patients and clients on preventive and promotive health, carrying out minor surgical procedures as per training and skill, collecting and compiling clinical data, and referring patients and clients to appropriate health facilities.
3635:, was the first private institution to train clinical officers. It admits students who got the minimum university entry grade in high school and have passed a written examination and oral interview. The students sit the same examination as their counterparts at the KMTC and are examined by consultants from the public service.
3209:. A clinical officer performs general and specialized medical duties such as diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury, ordering and interpreting medical tests, performing routine medical and surgical procedures, referring patients to other practitioners and managing health departments, institutions, projects and systems.
5055:, parastatal institutions (e.g. military, prisons), rural health centers, health clinics, community clinics, aged care centers, or private specialist hospitals. To date, there are five training institutions introduced by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia in the public sectors to train new Assistant Medical Officers;
4776:
has since 1992 offered a
Bachelor of Science degree in Physician Assistant studies. The program duration is four years, comprising three years classroom and laboratory coursework then one year compulsory internship. Several other universities offer similar courses in partnership with US universities.
4469:
In 2016, the PA-Anaesthesia group broke away and became certified registered anaesthetist (CRA) according to the Health
Professions Regulatory Acts 857 which addressed them as certified registered anaesthetist. PAs are qualified by graduation from the PA educational programme and certification by the
4428:
Many studies show that trained COs provide quality medical and surgical care with outcomes similar to physicians' providing similar care in the same setting. However, nurses re-trained to become COs have been associated with more adverse outcomes as shown in a study using 2004-2005 hospital data from
3793:
The current training follows international guidelines and the two qualifications are awarded jointly on successful completion of a comprehensive nine trimester programme of full-time study, practicals and examinations which are covered over three years leading to a fourth mandatory year of internship
4473:
PA students in all PA training schools belong to the
Physician Assistant Association of Ghana (PASAG). In order to foster unity, camaraderie and bond among members of the association, and to promote excellence in the discharge of their professional mandate, quiz competitions are held every year. The
4339:
which no longer exist since 2017 so a clinical officer can upgrade by studying a bachelor's degree in clinical medicine in any East
African country for three years or study it in Tanzania for four years and graduate as a doctor equivalent to an MD graduate even in salary and job opportunities or can
3647:: On a point of order Mr. Deputy Speaker Sir. Is it really in order for the hon. Member for Butere to impute that this house does not know that clinical officers are not allowed to practice. I think the motion is just after legalizing the position and not saying that they are not allowed to practice.
3492:
A clinical officer is usually the lowest entry-level cadre in the medical hierarchy but with years of experience and/or further training one can rise to the same or a higher grade than a physician. In most countries, however, wages are usually low compared to training and responsibilities and career
4757:(BRMS) degree to train doctors who will work in remote Indian villages. On graduation they will undergo a one-year internship period at a regional hospital before being licensed. Those with five years' experience will qualify for post-graduate studies on equal standing with their MBBS counterparts.
3932:
In Kenya's public health system, a clinical officer is an alternative practitioner who is trained and authorized by law to perform any technical, administrative or legal duties that require a medical doctor. However, due to the shorter training period when compared to medical officers (i.e. 4 years
3549:
Kenya has a comprehensive framework of parallel laws and regulations that govern the medical practice of medical officers and clinical officers. The supreme health policy and medical authorities in the republic are the cabinet secretary of health and the director of medical services who oversee the
2500:
History-taking, examining, diagnosing, treating and managing diseases and conditions in an outpatient or inpatient health facility, coaching and mentoring students on attachment, conducting ward rounds, reviewing and making appropriate referrals, carrying out surgical procedures as per training and
3296:
A clinician can specialize in any other field that is deemed appropriate by them and not just clinical medicine. China also has masters of clinical medicine. In countries like
Tanzania, UK, and other countries, clinical medicine is regarded as a medical course and graduates are allowed to apply to
2517:
Implementing clinical service procedures, guidelines and quality assurance standards in the provision of clinical services, providing clinical and family healthcare in health institutions and communities, implementing medico-legal standards and guidelines, undertaking disease surveillance, control
2475:
Entry and training grade. Works under the guidance of a senior officer. Duties and responsibilities include taking history, examining, diagnosing and treating patients' common ailments at an outpatient or inpatient health facility, implementing community healthcare activities in liaison with other
4933:
About 65% rural population receive primary medical treatment from Sub-Assistant medical officer (medical assistant). Medical
Assistant no scope of Higher education & promotion. But Bongobondu sheike mujibur rahman government The First Five year plan page 520 & 521 brief details on Medical
4314:
The graduates supplement the efforts of COs trained in neighboring countries, e.g. Kenya, Uganda and
Tanzania, most of whom work for international humanitarian agencies. Since 2014, Juba institute of Health Sciences and Ayii University 2021 have now joined in production of competent cadres in the
3300:
No significant difference has been demonstrated in studies comparing treatment decisions, patient outcomes, quality of care provided and level of knowledge about diseases between a clinical officer and a medical officer (a non-specialist physician) except in countries where nurses were mistakenly
4921:
Government planned to create new health cadre namely "Medical
Assistant" & institution name "Medical Assistant Training School" (MATS). In 1976 started Medical Assistant training course under State Medical Faculty of Bangladesh & Ministry of health & family welfare. In 1980 1st Batch
4291:
Medical care is generally provided by clinical officers who are even capable of providing surgical care. Clinical Officers are trained for 4 years, (3+1 year of clinical internship at designated teaching hospitals). One meta-analysis documented that the provision of caesarean section by clinical
4647:
to those with a bachelor's degree. Those with a post-secondary healthcare qualification such as registered nurses and paramedics can access the programme via a Graduate Certificate in Physician Assistant Studies; as long as they have at least five years full-time working experience. It has been
4445:
was initially a "health officer" training institution. The training of health officers started at Gonder University in 1954. Health officers training programs across Ethiopia require that students have some of the highest scores in National University Entrance Examination to be admitted. Health
4373:
was training clinical officers who were called medical assistants at the time. The training is under the Ministry of Education and takes place in clinical officer training schools. Postsecondary programs last three years, focusing on medicine and hospice care, followed by a two-year internship.
3618:
Clinical officers play a central role in Kenya's medical sector today. There were 8,600 clinical officers on the register in 2010 compared to 7,100 medical officers. They are trained by the universities, the Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC), St. Mary's School of Clinical Medicine and other
3610:
for the clinical officer, the higher diploma in paediatrics, ophthalmology and other specializations was introduced in the late 1970s as a post-basic course for those who had worked for three or more years and, after ten years of service, one became a Senior Clinical Officer and qualified for a
3569:
started training a select group of natives to practice medicine and care for the local population who were increasingly accepting and seeking western medicine. After independence from Britain in 1963, medical training in Kenya initially adopted the four-year medical school system used in the US
3077:
title and its use by unregistered persons is prohibited by law and punishable by up to five years in jail with or without a fine. Globally, the title may not have legal restrictions and can refer to a job grade rather than a medical qualification such as junior assistive clinical staff (e.g. in
2551:
Co-ordinating the clinical services function by formulating, developing, implementing and reviewing policies, procedures and guidelines for clinical services, setting standards, ethics and quality assurance systems in the provision of clinical services, ensuring proper provision of clinical and
3888:
and to appear in courts of law as expert witnesses. For this reason, a clinical officer is the officer in-charge of a health center or a district hospital and is part of the medical team in bigger hospitals where one may head a department or work under a senior clinical officer or a physician.
2526:
Implementing clinical services policies, procedures and guidelines, maintaining stanfards, ethics and quality assurance systems in the provision of clinical services, providing clinical and family health care services in health institutions and communities, reviewing medico-legal standards and
4485:
attached to their name is limitation to what the PA actually does. The PA is not an assistant but an independent medical professional trained and licensed to practise medicine and dentistry. The association has therefore presented a new job description and the new name clinical officer to the
4184:
All clinical officers must work as full-time interns for one year without pay or any form of motivation at an approved public or mission hospital before getting a licence to practice medicine, a situation that has resulted to major strikes by clinical officers in the past leading to operation
3260:
To practice medicine and surgery or dentistry as a clinical officer one requires at least four years of full-time medical training, supervised clinical practice and internship at an accredited medical training institution and hospitals and registration with the relevant medical board in their
4458:, Medical Assistants (MAs) have traditionally been experienced nurses who have undergone an 18-month post-basic course to become MAs. High school graduates can now attend a three-year diploma course to become MAs. In Ghana, from 2012, the nomenclature Medical Assistant had been changed to
1208:
and performing clinical and administrative duties that were largely identical to those of the European doctors. From the mid-1920s the Indians were removed from the colonial service as they were not deemed to be the proper face of the imperial services in Africa. The Indian Assistant and
4168:
clinics. They also treat in-patients and out-patients under the guidance of qualified Clinical officers and organise outreach services where they venture into remote rural villages, seeing patients and immunising children. During this time they complete a project in community diagnosis.
5836:; Wladis, Andreas; Mbembati, Naboth; Ndao-Brumblay, S. Khady; Hsia, Renee Y.; Galukande, Moses; Luboga, Sam; Matovu, Alphonsus; De Miranda, Helder; Ozgediz, Doruk; Quiñones, Ana Romàn; Rockers, Peter C.; von Schreeb, Johan; Vaz, Fernando; Debas, Haile T.; MacFarlane, Sarah B. (2010).
4334:
Experienced clinical officers may enrol for an advanced diploma in clinical medicine which takes two years to complete. This qualification is regarded as equivalent to a first degree in medicine by universities and the Ministry of Health in the country. The graduates are known as
4163:
taught throughout the course. Before starting their internship after the third year, clinical officers spend at least one month in a Provincial Rural Health Training Centre where they immunize children, examine pregnant women and offer family planning services in mother and
4011:
Like his counterparts in the public service, a clinical officer in the private sector has the same practice rights and privileges as a medical officer and both are authorized to work independently and specialize in any approved branch of general or specialised medicine. The
4238:
The Higher Diploma in Clinical Medicine and Surgery requires at least three years of working experience and lasts twelve to eighteen months leading to a specialised qualification and re-designation as a specialised clinical officer in one of the medical specialties such as
3312:
prevention and treatment initiatives in Africa is mostly attributed to use of clinical officers to diagnose the disease and provide comprehensive medical care. Access to emergency obstetric care through greater deployment of the clinical officer is one way of attaining the
4630:
from the United States on a trial basis as it plans to introduce this cadre into their health care system. Several UK universities are already offering a post-graduate diploma in Physician Assistant studies. The PAs of the UK are represented by the Association of UK PAs.
4922:
Medical Assistant student enter government service. In 1983 Medical Assistant get Bangladesh Medical & Dental Council Registration 1st time. In 1996 Medical Assistant Post of DGHS & DGFP Converted Sub-Assistant Community Medical Officer (SACMO) prime minister
3500:
and other international health and research institutions make extensive use of COs in their projects in Africa and clinical officers have been the backbone of HIV care and treatment enabling the rollout of ARVS to even the most rural hard to reach areas in Africa.
3301:
assessed as clinical officers. However, because of the nature of practice, populations served and resources at ones disposal, a clinical officer is less likely to administer expensive treatment, prescribe expensive (but not necessarily better) drugs or engage in
5017:
started training Medical Assistant in the early 1900s after independence from Britain. This profession has undergone several transformations over the decades in line with the current healthcare development in the country. The current name of this profession is
2682:
Clinical Officers and Medical Officers Government Public Service Grades in Kenya - From the Revised Scheme of Service for Clinical Personnel, 2014, Revised Scheme of Service for Medical Officers, 2016 and the Competency Framework for the Public Service, 2017
3465:
and one who has specialized in a clinical field provides advanced medical and surgical care and treatment such as administering anesthesia, performing general or specialised surgery, supervising other health workers and other administrative duties.
4007:
as a public officer who is responsible for health nationally (the Director of Medical Services and the Director clinical services) or regionally (the county or sub-county Medical Officer of Health and the county or sub-county Clinical Officer).
4189:
then apply for provisional registration by the Clinical Officers Council, the statutory body that regulates the practice of clinical officers in the country. The internship involves supervised rotations in the major clinical departments namely
1209:
Sub-Assistant Surgeons were thus replaced with similarly qualified Africans who came to be known as clinical officers when the authorizing legislation was passed in 1988 abolishing the Assistant and Sub-Assistant Surgeon and similar positions.
4749:
The plan was to train enough doctors who would serve the whole country. However, the plan has not borne fruit and doctors generally leave their rural posts after their internship for more lucrative and glamorous careers in the big cities.
3473:
depends on one's training and experience, jurisdiction and workplace policies. In Malawi, for instance, a clinical officer performs all routine surgical and obstetric operations such as exploratory laparatomy, emergency orthopaedics and
2501:
skills, offering specialized clinical services including Ear, Nose and Throat/Audiology, orthopedics and trauma, Child Health and Paediatrics, Reproductive Health, Ophthalmology, Anaesthesia, Lungs and Skin, Dermatology and Venereology.
4283:. A specialised clinical officer provides advanced medical and surgical care including invasive procedures in their specialty such as caeserian section, cataract surgery, tonsillectomy, psychotherapy and administration of anaesthesia.
3389:
3998:
are the only two laws that can authorize one to practice medicine and render medical or dental services in the public sector if they hold a registration certificate or in the private sector if they hold a current licence as well. The
3460:
in hospitals where one will diagnose and treat all common diseases, including serious and life-threatening ones, in all age groups; and stabilise then admit, discharge or refer emergency cases. In smaller hospitals one may work as a
2629:
work. A clinical officer may, with respect to patients - examine, diagnose, order laboratory and imaging investigations, prescribe treatment and perform procedures as per their scope of training. Clinical officers are members of the
4916:
After independence from Pakistan, the training of licentiate doctors (LMF Doctor) course was stopped. All Medical School Converted Medical College & Course Started MBBS. The First Five year plan of the Father of Nations sheik
4536:, and a one-year internship at a provincial hospital. They are trained to carry out emergency surgery, obstetrics and traumatology and are deployed to the district hospitals where they are usually the sole surgical care providers.
4109:. The diploma in Clinical Medicine and Surgery is completed in nine 15-week trimesters over three calendar years (or 135 weeks which, notably, exceeds the minimum 130 weeks of instruction required to complete US MD programs). The
3848:
entitles one to render medical services in any public or private medical institution or to practice medicine independently as a private practitioner. Registration also qualifies one to join and participate in the affairs of the
1305:
in 1928. The programme initially admitted experienced nurses and took them through a one-year certificate course which prepared them for advanced practice. The nursing pathway was discontinued and new students had to study
3958:
to a clinician and the titles are used interchangeably in medico-legal documents because a qualified clinical officer has a recognized medical qualification and is eligible for registration as a medical practitioner under
4106:
4416:
In Burkina Faso, as elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa, the use of non-physician clinicians began as a temporary measure while more doctors were trained, but has become a permanent strategy in the face of a crisis in
3261:
country. After a prescribed number of years in active practice, one may complete a further one or two-year residency programme in order to specialize in any approved branch of clinical medicine and surgery such as
4730:
Under British rule, India trained licentiate doctors for three years. They were then registered with the General Medical Council of Britain. Most of them worked among the rural population providing medical care.
3578:(AASF) in 1959 and led to hundreds of young Kenyan students getting scholarships to study in American institutions: These students came back to Kenya after their studies and joined the civil service in the early
4102:
3683:
year is the standard qualification for clinical officers which is awarded on completion of a four-year training programme which started as various programmes that were used to train medical practitioners in the
3146:
4866:
In 1914 the State medical Faculty of Bengal was established to conduct trained Licentiate of Medical Faculty doctors (LMF Doctor) for four years Mid-Label Diploma Physician. They were then registered with the
4929:
From 2009 session Medical Assistant Course developed 4-year course (3 year Institution + 1 year Internship). Nowadays Medical Assistant Course conducted in 8 public institution & 146 private institution.
3627:(KMTC), also under the Ministry of Health, has campuses in regional teaching hospitals and trains the majority of clinical officers. St. Mary's School of Clinical Medicine and St. Mary's Mission Hospital in
4486:
Ministry of Health. The meeting which was chaired by the chief director of the ministry of health Dr. Afisah Zakariah who promised to address the grievances of the PAs soon to be known as Clinical Officers
4993:
4963:
4446:
officers hold bachelor's degrees and undergo a three-year training program plus one-year internship. Those who complete a 2–3 years master's degree programs provide advanced care (e.g. emergency surgery).
4987:
4975:
4222:
An experienced clinical officer usually holds a senior clinical, administrative or teaching position within their organisation or establishes and manages his/her own private practice. One who holds the
4999:
4969:
4957:
4308:
4606:
in the United States train for at least two years at the postsecondary level and can hold an associate, bachelors or master's degree. Most PAs have earned a master's degree. Some institutions offer a
4837:
3248:
within communities and health institutions and cascade the same to the county and national governments, government agencies and third parties through standard recording and reporting tools from the
4841:
4498:, the Tubman National Institute of Medical Arts (TNIMA) was established in 1945. In 1965, the physician assistant (PA) programme was established as a joint venture between the Liberian government,
4292:
officers does not result in a significant increase in maternal or perinatal mortality. In other, words there was no difference whether the operation was done by clinical officers or medical doctor
4754:
4718:(PCP). By 1987, the PCPs were training for three years before going back to their communities to serve one-year internship, followed by another two years of study after which they were awarded a
4908:
into the Medical Council of India & Pakistan. In 1962 Health Minister Monem Khan introduced Condensed MBBS Course for LMF Doctor at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from 1963 to 1972.
3575:
5444:
4696:. The experience was considered so successful that a few years later, in 1885, a group of young Fijian men started a three-year training program at the Suva Medical School, now known as the
4405:
3252:
which are used to capture data on disease outbreaks, physical injuries and deformities, mental illness, drug resistance, disability, nutritional disorders, births and deaths among others.
2439:
which become the second and third institutions to offer the training in Kenya. By this time clinical officers had to complete an accredited four-year programme of study, practicals and
3950:
is prohibited and a punishable offense under Kenyan laws. Court rulings uphold that a registration certificate or a licence issued by the council automatically confers the status of a
1048:
under a senior clinical officer or a senior medical officer which must be completed and documented in the form of employment, resignation and recommendation letters before approval of
4900:
and the training goes for three years and they become professional doctors, with the doctor title, whose degree is equivalent to clinical medicine. and on the recommendation of the
4340:
study the Medical Doctor(MD) which is a 5-year course plus 1 internship year making 6 years and can add 1 year to be Medical bachelor and Bachelor in Surgery (MBBS) if interested.
3342:
2650:
to define the clinical officer's career structure, job description, standards for recruitment, training and advancement, and career planning and succession management within the
6028:
5102:
Emergency Medical and Trauma care, Primary Healthcare, Orthopedic, Cardio thoracic, Clinical Neuro-physiology, Sport Medicine, Anesthesiology, Diabetic care, Infection Control
4016:
directly prohibits and addresses multi-sectoral abuse of dominance, consumer welfare, exemptions, cartels and unwarranted concentration of economic power among practitioners.
6428:
5268:
3367:
2509:
Providing clinical services in a health facility, compiling and analyzing clinical data, carrying out disease surveillance and recommending appropriate control measures.
4581:
The specialised nature of medical training in the developed world has created a shortage of general practitioners and runaway expenditure on healthcare by governments.
4303:
separated from the Arab North (Sudan) in July 2011 after years of civil war that left much of the southern part in ruins. The healthcare system is almost non-existent.
3481:
In rural and small urban health facilities a clinical officer is usually the highest medical care provider and works with minimal resources, relying on the traditional
4062:
collaborate with other medical professional associations, organisations and other relevant bodies, in the furtherance of the functions of the council and those bodies
5035:
3579:
3933:
instead of 6 years), a clinical officer joins the public service at a lower grade and gains seniority through experience, additional training or further education.
4421:. Different training alternatives have been used. Two-year advanced training programs in surgery were developed for registered nurses. Clinical officers (known as
4397:
3833:
A clinical officer is therefore able to graduate and join the workforce in a minimum of four calendar years and provides medical services within the full scope of
5763:
4934:
Assistant (After passing medical assistant course & 3 year service rural area in national service entering qualification of medical college for MBBS course).
4477:
The Ghana Physician Assistant Association-Medical at their last annual delegate congress, voted for a name change from the current name Physician Assistant to
4090:
4065:
consider and deal with any other matter pertaining to clinical officers including prescribing badges, insignias or uniforms to be worn by clinical officers and
3872:
As gazetted officers all registered clinical officers are legally authorized to prepare, sign, issue and keep safe custody of official state documents such as
3037:
for three or four years (2) graduate from a government-accredited medical training college (3) sit and pass a government licensing examination (4) complete an
1176:
In her books, "Beyond the State: The Colonial Medical Service in British Africa" and "Indian Doctors in Kenya, 1895 - 1940: The Forgotten History", the author
1085:
1053:
5114:
3861:. As per the government's Revised Scheme of Service for Clinical Personnel (2014) a clinical officer works at any of 8 grades depending on ones seniority.
3598:
and became the first university in Kenya in 1970, it continued to teach the six-year British degree which led to the creation of two statutory bodies: the
3286:
6570:
4773:
4381:
4358:
6075:"A comparison of clinical officers with medical doctors on outcomes of caesarean section in the developing world: meta-analysis of controlled studies"
5605:"A comparison of clinical officers with medical doctors on outcomes of caesarean section in the developing world: meta-analysis of controlled studies"
4532:, are experienced Clinical Officers who undergo further residential training in surgery under the supervision of senior surgeons lasting two years at
4019:
A register of active clinical officers and medical institutions is available online on the Clinical Officers Council and Ministry of Health websites.
6738:
5813:
2451:
and have their names entered in the clinical officers register which was cleaned annually and taken to the government printer to be published in the
6596:
4668:. They typically have about one year of training; those who sit and pass government examinations qualify to be rural doctors. Those who fail become
3586:
were accepted as medical officers by the US civil service and by 1967 the structure and duration of medical training in Kenya was similar to the US
4328:
3696:
medical school programmes (including being structured in 9 trimesters over 3 years to meet the minimum 130 weeks of instruction recommended by the
1177:
3973:
1056:
numbers for their own private practices or before promotion from the entry-level training grade for those who remain employed. A further two-year
4923:
5914:
3599:
3478:. However, in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique one has to undergo further specialized training in order to perform such major operations safely.
1105:
85:
6616:
1196:
and were not appointed to nor paid at the same rank as medical officers (European doctors). Instead, they were designated as Assistant or Sub-
3623:(COC) regulates their training and practice, accredits training institutions, and approves the syllabi of the universities and colleges. The
1032:
the basic training for clinical officers starts after high school and takes four or five years ending on successful completion of a one-year
4871:
of Britain. Most of them worked among the rural population providing medical care. At independence East Pakistan had five medical schools:
6181:"A cost-effectiveness study of caesarean-section deliveries by clinical officers, general practitioners and obstetricians in Burkina Faso"
6053:
6358:
6299:
4031:
is the law that governs the medical practice of a clinical Officer. It establishes the Clinical Officers Council whose functions are to:
5672:
4981:
3497:
6263:
5887:
5838:"Human Resource and Funding Constraints for Essential Surgery in District Hospitals in Africa: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Survey"
4041:
approve institutions other than those established or accredited under the Universities Act, 2012 for the training of clinical officers
6032:
3550:
registration and licensing of medical institutions and the training, registration and licensing of medical practitioners through the
17:
6540:
6718:
6414:
5493:"The surgical care practitioner: a feasible alternative. Results of a prospective 4-year audit at St Mary's Hospital Trust, London"
4611:
4331:. There are numerous clinical officer training schools and programs last three years. Internship is not required for registration.
3723:
3551:
2574:
1949:
1424:
3892:
Clinical officers are direct healthcare providers who manage and administer health institutions, medical schemes and projects in
3293:, a Four Year medical diploma course conducting state medical faculty of Bangladesh under ministry of Health and family welfare.
2455:. Private practice by clinical officers who had left government service after working for a minimum of 10 years was now allowed.
6557:
5276:
5051:
under a clinical supervision by an Emergency Physician. Upon completing the compulsory posting, they will be deployed in public
4384:. High school graduates take four-and-a-half years to complete this degree while practicing clinical officers take three years.
3773:
Three or four years of training in clinical medicine, surgery and community health including a mandatory one-year internship and
5540:
5460:
5123:
3697:
3432:
and, depending on jurisdiction, may be registered by the same statutory board as physicians (in the southern countries such as
1379:
1301:
services in hospitals and communities led to the establishment of the first formal training programme for clinical officers at
6393:
6340:
6287:
4840:.3 year Medical Assistant Course Started 1976. Now 4 year Medical Assistant course 3 years academy+1 year internship See Also
4059:
regulate the professional conduct and ensure the maintenance and improvement of the standards of practice of clinical medicine
5229:
4644:
4558:
6728:
5968:
3518:
carried out by clinical officers did not differ significantly compared with doctors. Better health outcomes including lower
1298:
1226:
786:
6522:
5032:
6708:
3868:
Table showing different grades of clinical officers, medical officers and medical practitioners in Kenya's public service
3850:
2631:
2578:
2566:
2082:
1669:
6251:
5565:
6322:
6233:
3732:
Four years of training in clinical medicine, surgery and community health including a mandatory one-year internship and
2428:
1222:
5360:
4185:
standstills in public hospitals when these strikes occur. On passing the final qualifying examination, they take the
2667:
2639:
119:
6143:
4926:
government, DGFP Implement it but DGHS no implement. In 2011 by the court order implement SACMO in DGHS Bangladesh.
6785:
6683:
5109:
4429:
six regions of Burkina Faso, which associated them with higher maternal and neonatal mortality when they performed
4377:
4350:
3858:
2635:
2484:
Providing clinical outreach and school health activities, assessing, preparing and presenting medico-legal reports
1358:
Recognised qualifications for clinical officers in Kenya as per the scheme of service for clinical personnel, 2014
1238:
1165:
333:
5297:
4433:. The observed higher fatality rate pointed to a need for refresher courses and closer supervision of the nurses.
3794:
in a teaching hospital. A fifth and sixth residency specialisation years are undertaken after registration by the
3541:
in these countries was thought to be due to the nurses' poor surgical technique and need for enhanced training. ≠
6748:
5720:
5392:"Knowledge of causes, clinical features and diagnosis of common zoonoses among medical practitioners in Tanzania"
5329:
5027:
4680:
Africa and the rest of the world are perhaps following a well trode path. In 1879, a group of Indians arrived in
4570:
5652:
5350:
6733:
5030:. In order to practice, all Assistant Medical Officers are compulsory to register under the regulating body of
4561:
degree. The first program was launched by the late Health Minister Tshabalala Msimang on 18 August 2008 at the
3693:
3624:
3583:
3324:
2424:
2283:
1871:
1485:
897:
6574:
6467:"Major surgery delegation to mid-level health practitioners in Mozambique: health professionals' perceptions"
4769:
1314:
and sit and pass continuous assessment tests and final qualifying examinations for three years which covered
1180:
notes that before 1923 there were twice as many Indian doctors as there were European doctors working in the
796:
6359:"Presbyterian University Wins PASAG National Quiz Competition | Presbyterian University College, Ghana"
4053:
cause to be published in the Kenya Gazette every calendar year the names of all registered clinical officers
1164:
through contracts with the national government, county governments or other government entities such as the
51:
6713:
5807:
4077:
Although training programmes existed as early as 1928, the first university to train clinical officers was
4038:
prescribe the minimum educational entry requirements for persons wishing to be trained as clinical officers
3314:
6448:
3371:
4176:
which prepares them for their management and leadership roles in health centers and other institutions.
6755:
6124:
5136:
4425:) were district medical officers trained with an additional six-month curriculum in emergency surgery.
4094:
3854:
3827:
3336:
3249:
2655:
2459:
Clinical officers scope of practice in Kenya as per the Scheme of Service for Clinical Personnel, 2014
2412:
1566:
1302:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1093:
980:
970:
3522:
rates were observed where COs had completed further specialised training particularly in anaesthesia.
5918:
5164:
5132:
5019:
4803:
4710:
4336:
4173:
3946:
3845:
3795:
3764:
3620:
3603:
3595:
3555:
3404:
3282:
3002:
2590:
2570:
2420:
2419:. Legislation to regulate medical practice by clinical officers was passed in 1988 thus creating the
2078:
2046:
1665:
1633:
1609:
1343:
1331:
1041:
678:
438:
5745:
5254:
4343:
A further two years training from the Clinical Officer level leads to a specialist qualification in
3320:
Worldwide, patients are seen by many other practitioners other than the traditional doctor such as:
6620:
5139:
as part of their job scope. Postgraduate programs available for Assistant Medical Officer includes
4640:
4562:
3777:
3736:
3685:
3505:
3383:
3221:
3095:
3062:
1491:
1242:
1109:
1018:
101:
4851:
Bangladesh was part of British India until independence, and then spent a quarter of a century as
4648:
announced that PAs will be allowed to work in Queensland as fully licensed practitioners in 2014.
4022:
6073:
Wilson, A.; Lissauer, D.; Thangaratinam, S.; Khan, K. S.; MacArthur, C.; Coomarasamy, A. (2011).
5833:
4868:
4697:
4669:
4533:
3786:
Specialisation and private practice allowed and eligible for full professional membership of the
3745:
Specialisation and private practice allowed and eligible for full professional membership of the
3705:
3510:
1201:
1057:
573:
312:
5446:
Major analysis shows value of non-physician clinicians for maternal health in sub-Saharan Africa
3281:, who have less than three years of training but who may upgrade to a similar level by becoming
2403:
The training expanded after Kenya's independence in 1962 through to 1970 when the newly created
4765:
4672:. However, there is a government move to have all rural doctors complete three years training.
4566:
4418:
3881:
3054:
2610:
2356:
2245:
1833:
1546:
1197:
1168:(NHIF). Kenya has approximately 25,000 registered clinical officers for its 55 million people.
1125:
1049:
887:
801:
503:
328:
6008:"Kenya peace ambassadors visit aina children home - Meru University of Science and Technology"
4738:
in 1946, the training of licentiate doctors was stopped and their qualifications converted to
1200:
despite having attended similar 3 - 4 year Indian medical schools that were recognized by the
6007:
5676:
5179:
4812:
4529:
4515:
3680:
3591:
3410:
3217:
3158:
3038:
2440:
2404:
2148:
2018:
1736:
1600:
1526:
1511:
1347:
1286:
1141:
1117:
1033:
791:
746:
618:
613:
97:
4700:. The title given to the professional practice has had many names over the years, including
6267:
6029:"LCME Accreditation Standards Affecting the Educational Program | epc.medicine.arizona.edu"
4586:
4191:
3917:
3897:
3607:
3486:
3213:
3126:
3122:
3066:
3050:
2380:
2144:
2114:
1988:
1732:
1702:
1531:
1351:
1113:
1097:
882:
844:
837:
771:
741:
712:
673:
668:
663:
638:
598:
583:
568:
433:
393:
5024:(Diploma in Medical and Health Sciences or formerly known as Diploma in Medical Assistant)
4808:
3533:- the only countries where the procedure was performed by trained nurses. Higher rates of
93:
8:
6537:
5184:
5169:
5128:
4627:
4603:
4598:
4554:
4545:
4268:
4244:
4098:
4044:
establish, approve and accredit programs for continuing professional educational programs
3873:
3760:
3719:
3571:
3457:
3416:
3377:
3348:
3206:
3099:
2558:
2194:
2183:
1782:
1771:
1496:
1442:
1133:
947:
877:
781:
707:
398:
373:
46:
5315:
3963:
in addition to being expressly authorized to practice medicine, surgery or dentistry by
3864:
1249:). As the influence grew a healthcare system developed to meet the medical needs of the
6493:
6466:
6207:
6180:
6160:
6099:
6074:
5864:
5837:
5629:
5604:
5517:
5492:
5418:
5391:
4280:
4117:
4078:
3913:
3893:
3838:
3689:
3587:
3519:
3449:
3162:
3070:
2562:
2334:
2298:
2263:
2241:
1886:
1851:
1829:
1586:
1541:
1481:
956:
766:
756:
633:
418:
348:
235:
5491:
Martin S, Purkayastha S, Massey R, Paraskeva P, Tekkis P, Kneebone R, Darzi A (2007).
5376:
2492:
Organizing health management teams and convening health management committee meetings
6498:
6212:
6104:
5869:
5634:
5522:
5423:
5356:
4896:
After independence from Britain, the training of licentiate doctors was continued in
4607:
4430:
3885:
3803:
3672:
3515:
3475:
3470:
3398:
3277:
refers to a different cadre of health workers, comparable to "medical assistants" in
3178:
3150:
3107:
3042:
3030:
3022:
2675:
2444:
2416:
2349:
2303:
2277:
2028:
1891:
1865:
1615:
1551:
1536:
1451:
1408:
1104:. Clinical officers also run private practices using a license issued to them by the
1101:
1069:
1061:
1037:
931:
850:
Higher Diploma in Clinical Medicine and Surgery (18 months or 68 weeks or 2700 hours)
806:
776:
751:
692:
683:
643:
588:
448:
388:
358:
239:
228:
41:
5793:
Mullan F, Frehywot S. Non-physician clinicians in 47 sub-Saharan African countries.
5544:
5467:
6488:
6478:
6202:
6192:
6094:
6086:
5859:
5849:
5624:
5616:
5512:
5504:
5413:
5403:
4665:
4565:
in Mthatha. The first class graduated in December 2010. Programs also exist at the
4186:
4160:
3799:
3538:
3429:
3361:
3034:
2427:
was established by the government with campuses in all major towns and in 1996 the
2313:
2288:
2052:
1901:
1876:
1639:
1516:
1335:
1290:
1278:
1274:
1181:
1121:
1065:
994:
892:
811:
697:
653:
648:
593:
508:
383:
6429:"Ghana Physician Assistants Association's challenges will be addressed - Segbefia"
5233:
5088:
5081:
5075:
5066:
5059:
4231:
or undertake postgraduate training at the university. One may also enroll for the
4050:
maintain a register and records of all clinical officers registered under this Act
3904:
which is one of the key pillars of the government's 5-year development plan under
3448:). The broad nature of medical training prepares one to work at all levels of the
6769:
6687:
6544:
6526:
6237:
6161:"The human resource for health situation in Zambia: deficit and maldistribution."
6128:
5854:
5817:
5653:"JFK and the Student Airlift - John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum"
5569:
5118:
5039:
4901:
4735:
3834:
3534:
3482:
3225:
3046:
3018:
2606:
2256:
2187:
1844:
1775:
1161:
816:
736:
687:
523:
453:
428:
413:
403:
378:
6597:"BITS Pilani Has Collaborations With Top Healthcare Institutions in India Today"
5972:
3970:
6516:
6140:
5096:
A registered Assistant Medical Officer can pursue their sub-specialty training
4918:
4623:
4252:
4232:
4023:
The Clinical Officers (Training, Registration and Licensing) Act No. 20 of 2017
3967:
3905:
3841:
medicine or within a narrower scope depending on their area of specialisation.
3650:
3562:
3065:
on their own directly to the public (9) undergo one or two additional years of
2408:
2223:
2129:
2094:
1811:
1717:
1682:
1403:
1270:
1266:
1234:
1193:
1189:
1137:
1045:
872:
528:
363:
343:
4404:) is involved in their training to increase their surgical skills through the
4035:
advise the government on policy matters relating to clinical medicine practice
3704:
programme that was introduced in the 1970s and is more common in European and
3611:
licence to practice under his own name as a private medical practitioner. The
6779:
6452:
6147:
5508:
5061:
Training Institute of Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Sultan Azalan Syah, Perak
5022:(AMO), they are trained for three years in an undergraduate academic program
4905:
4897:
4852:
4753:
As of 2009, the Indian government plans to introduce a three-and-a-half-year
4743:
4354:
4256:
3921:
3909:
3602:
in 1978 which had jurisdiction over medical officers and physicians, and the
3202:
3198:
3194:
3182:
3166:
3142:
3115:
2651:
2452:
2363:
2216:
2176:
2169:
2003:
1804:
1764:
1757:
1315:
1294:
1230:
1145:
702:
628:
533:
353:
6326:
6230:
5408:
5033:
Malaysia Medical Assistant Board (Medical Assistant Act (registration),1977)
1221:, the origin of the clinical officer can be traced back to around 1888 when
1044:
where annual practice licenses are issued. This is followed by a three-year
6502:
6483:
6216:
6197:
6108:
5873:
5638:
5526:
5427:
4692:
en route. During a period of crew quarantine, a small group was trained in
4661:
4657:
4582:
4550:
4272:
4260:
4165:
4156:
3642:
3526:
3453:
3170:
3074:
3014:
3006:
2595:
Clinical Officers (Training, Registration and Licensing) Act No. 20 of 2017
2585:
including the degree in clinical medicine. In 2017 the old legislation was
2318:
2064:
1906:
1651:
1576:
1561:
1521:
1506:
1501:
1339:
1250:
1149:
1077:
921:
731:
623:
608:
603:
493:
488:
408:
368:
264:
258:
4790:
4029:
Clinical Officers (Training, Registration and Licensing) Act No.20 of 2017
1612:
before issuing internship licenses/rotations completed during internship:
4693:
4344:
4300:
4248:
4240:
4199:
3823:
3815:
3638:
On 28 October 1981 lawmakers addressed the National Assembly as follows:
3462:
3332:
3302:
3245:
3186:
3058:
2622:
2581:(CUE) the only authorized accrediting body for all university degrees in
2234:
2230:
2205:
2137:
2040:
1822:
1818:
1793:
1725:
1627:
1571:
1456:
1393:
1327:
1073:
578:
563:
558:
478:
468:
463:
423:
174:
6680:
5083:
Training Institute of Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
4833:
4521:
4264:
4211:
4207:
4149:
4125:
3819:
3811:
3393:
3328:
3290:
3262:
3190:
3153:
upon which to prescribe, initiate, carry out or terminate treatment or
3138:
3103:
3053:
under a senior clinical officer or a senior medical officer (8) have a
2998:
2308:
2270:
2212:
2162:
2058:
1896:
1858:
1800:
1750:
1645:
1581:
1081:
902:
856:
PhD. Clinical Medicine and Surgery (4 years or 180 weeks or 7200 hours)
833:
553:
518:
513:
473:
458:
443:
286:
252:
212:
6090:
5724:
5620:
5390:
John, Kunda; Kazwala, Rudovic; Mfinanga, Godfrey S. (1 January 2008).
5211:
5068:
Training Institute of Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor
3289:(MLs)."medical assistants/Sub Assistant Community Medical Officer" in
2569:
removed the accreditation role from all regulatory bodies such as the
853:
MSc. Clinical Medicine and Surgery (2 years or 90 weeks or 3600 hours)
6719:
Egerton University (Kenya) - Diploma in Clinical Medicine and Surgery
6300:"'We're Certified Registered Anaethetists, Not Physician Assistants'"
5174:
4276:
4145:
4141:
4129:
3877:
3266:
3174:
3134:
3130:
2618:
2293:
2155:
1881:
1743:
1447:
1433:
1388:
843:
BSc. Clinical Medicine and Surgery (4 years) + internship (1 year) +
761:
658:
548:
543:
538:
220:
6723:
6445:
4086:
4068:
carry out other functions related to the implementation of this Act.
139:
5190:
5052:
5014:
4689:
4442:
4324:
4228:
4224:
4195:
4133:
4110:
4047:
register and license clinical officers for the purposes of this Act
3632:
3612:
3309:
3270:
3229:
3129:
to determine and document their health status and applies relevant
3083:
2614:
2602:
2586:
2389:
2342:
2252:
1996:
1971:
1840:
1476:
1319:
1307:
1184:. The Indian doctors had migrated to British Africa along with the
1153:
1129:
1022:
926:
911:
498:
296:
246:
188:
184:
5076:
raining Institute of Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Kuching Sarawak
4585:
is increasingly being provided by non-physician providers such as
3729:
Two years of pre-clinical training in medical sciences followed by
3688:
in the 1920s and which now resembles the North American four-year
3606:
in 1989 which had jurisdiction over clinical officers. Instead of
3570:
rather than the six-year UK model. This was heavily influenced by
6415:"Newly qualified physician assistants and anaesthetists inducted"
4685:
4495:
4401:
4203:
4137:
4121:
3807:
3770:
One year of pre-clinical training in medical sciences followed by
3676:
3352:
3154:
3026:
3010:
2448:
2034:
1621:
1556:
1460:
1438:
1398:
1323:
1311:
1282:
1185:
906:
483:
268:
216:
200:
178:
6518:
First South African Clinical Associates take their pledge at WSU
5490:
3317:
4 (reducing child mortality) and 5 (improving maternal health).
6247:
6245:
6072:
5832:
5355:. Manchester University Press. 21 January 2019. pp. 1–18.
4777:
PAs in India can pursue masters and doctor of science degrees.
4503:
4393:
4370:
3628:
3445:
3437:
3433:
3278:
3274:
3157:
based on their specialized knowledge, skills and experience in
3111:
3091:
3079:
2626:
2598:
2436:
2198:
2110:
1786:
1698:
1157:
988:
964:
916:
338:
274:
224:
194:
170:
166:
162:
4953:
There are now 8 Government Medical Assistant Training Schools
4863:
Modern Bangladesh was mostly part of Bengal in British India.
6709:
Kenya Medical Training College - Clinical Medicine Department
5377:"Level Descriptors - Kenya National Qualifications Authority"
4761:
4455:
4304:
3901:
3701:
3566:
3530:
3441:
3356:
3233:
3087:
2582:
1246:
1218:
1029:
292:
208:
204:
158:
6743:
6724:
Kenya Methodist University - Department of Clinical Medicine
6641:
6375:
6242:
5135:, Assistant Medical Officer in Malaysia is also involved in
5090:
Training Institute of Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Seremban
4855:
before Bangladesh seceded and became an independent nation.
4464:
4-year Bachelor of Science degree in Physician Assistantship
3986:
is any public officer who is entitled to be registered as a
3944:
is a protected title whose use without the authority of the
5931:
5212:"Home | Malawi Adventist University - Malamulo Campus"
4739:
4719:
4681:
4083:
Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST)
3992:
Section 14(1) of the Medical Practitioners and Dentists Act
3961:
Section 11(1) of the Medical Practitioners and Dentists Act
3525:
In the multi-country study, poor outcomes were observed in
3241:
3237:
1350:
programme and completion of a further three-year period of
1096:
which receives and tracks health workload, performance and
280:
6661:
6122:
Health Training Institutions in Uganda Information Portal.
5006:
There are 146 Private Medical Assistant Training Schools.
4082:
3619:
private institutions. The Ministry of Health, through the
3390:
medical assistants/Sub Assistant Community Medical Officer
2605:
to be registered by the council and to maintain a current
1100:
data from all public and private health facilities in the
5943:
5697:
4610:
degree in the same. The profession is represented by the
4499:
3908:. The four pillars of the 5-year development plan are 1.
1285:. The need for qualified medical staff who would provide
1281:) was established in the same area to serve the European
1089:
1060:
training which is equivalent to a bachelor's degree in a
5986:
5955:
5298:"DPhil in Clinical Medicine | University of Oxford"
4398:
College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa
3440:) or a separate board (in the eastern countries such as
6642:"Welcome to Indian Association of Physician Assistants"
6323:"Programmes - University of Health and Allied Sciences"
6121:
5987:"Homepage - The Presbyterian University of East Africa"
5155:
as well as PhD in clinical or medical sciences fields.
2561:
in clinical medicine and surgery were first offered by
1205:
998:
984:
974:
960:
951:
5944:
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
4091:
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
3739:
by the Medical Practitioners and Dentists Board giving
3001:
designation established by the government through the
2567:
Commission for University Education Act No. 42 of 2012
6753:
6703:
5257:. Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health.
5111:
Bachelor of Science in Emergency Medicine with honors
4734:
After independence, and on the recommendation of the
4307:
started training clinical officers by setting up the
4132:
in the first year followed by the clinical subjects (
4056:
promote development and adoption of codes of practice
1346:
before admission into a compulsory one-year hospital
832:
Diploma in Clinical Medicine and Surgery (3 years) +
5124:
Bachelor of Medical and Health Sciences with honors.
2565:
and other universities as from 2006 and in 2012 the
847:(3 years), total 8 years or 376 weeks or 15040 hours
840:(3 years), total 7 years or 331 weeks or 13240 hours
5389:
3667:: You can have as many points of order as you like!
3351:in the United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands,
3045:(5) be registered as a clinical officer (6) have a
1140:. Many clinical officers in the private sector are
66:
Gazetted officer and mid-level health care provider
5153:Master in Hospital Management and Health Economics
4664:to rural populations where they are also known as
4382:Bachelor of Clinical Medicine and Community Health
4359:Bachelor of Clinical Medicine and Community Health
285:Sub-Assistant Community Medical Officer (SACMO) –
6739:Maridi National Health Training Institute- Maridi
4832:Mid-label Medical Care Health Human Resources of
4481:The members of the association believes that the
4235:programme at the Kenya Medical Training College.
3896:(PHC) settings and are frontline stakeholders in
6777:
6341:"Physician Assistants and Anaesthetics inducted"
4107:Meru University of Science and Technology (MUST)
3802:which leads to the award of a general degree in
2644:Revised Scheme of Service for Clinical Personnel
2613:in order to operate legally within the scope of
2575:Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Council
1106:Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Council
6714:Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College- Tanzania
6370:
6368:
3661:: On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker, Sir.
3514:concluded that the effectiveness and safety of
2077:Required for registration and licensing by the
1930:Higher Diploma in Clinical Medicine and Surgery
1664:Required for registration and licensing by the
1108:. Career options for clinical officers include
245:Integrated Emergency Surgical Officer (IESO) –
6317:
6315:
6313:
5316:"Private Practice – Clinical Officers Council"
5149:Master in Medical Science (Emergency Medicine)
5098:(Post Basic certificates and Advanced Diploma)
4179:
4103:Presbyterian university of East Africa (PUEA).
3600:Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Board
3582:. It was also around this time that the first
3145:techniques, procedures and findings needed to
3009:and responsibility for the clinical officer's
2889:Senior Assistant Director of Clinical Services
5439:
5437:
4904:in 1946, started MBBS Degree. They were then
4878:Lytton Medical School, Mymensingh (1924-1962)
3147:classify diseases and related health problems
2892:Senior Assistant Director of Medical Services
2694:Clinical Officer (4-year non-degree training)
82:The examples and perspective in this article
6365:
5673:"Bachelor of Health Sciences (Rural Health)"
5043:and serve a compulsory resident posting for
3990:if he applied under any law in the country:
3121:A clinical officer observes, interviews and
1156:services to the public in their own private
6310:
6252:The Physician Assistant Profession in Ghana
4994:Jhenaidah Medical Assistant Training School
4964:Sirajgonj Medical Assistant Training School
3086:), licensed medical professionals (e.g. in
40:It has been suggested that this article be
6744:Indian Association of Physician Assistants
6178:
6174:
6172:
5434:
5047:months in Emergency and Trauma Department
4988:Faridpur Medical Assistant Training School
4982:Noakhali Medical Assistant Training School
4976:Bagerhat Medical Assistant Training School
4660:and 110,000 assistant doctors who provide
3851:Kenya Clinical Officers Association (KCOA)
3788:Kenya Clinical Officers Association (KCOA)
3498:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3181:to prevent, identify, minimize and manage
2964:Senior Deputy Director of Medical Services
2940:Senior Deputy Director of Medical Services
2703:Consultant (Postgraduate degree training)
2105:Employer's clearance/recommendation letter
1693:Employer's clearance/recommendation letter
1021:who is qualified and licensed to practice
6492:
6482:
6446:Tubman National Institute of Medical Arts
6206:
6196:
6098:
5863:
5853:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5628:
5516:
5417:
5407:
5141:Master in Medical Science (Public Health)
5000:Comilla Medical Assistant Training School
4970:Kushtia Medical Assistant Training School
4958:Tangail Medical Assistant Training School
4875:Mitford Medical School, Dhaka (1875-1957)
4309:Maridi National Health Training Institute
4227:can upgrade his/her qualification to the
3996:Section 7(4) of the Clinical Officers Act
3965:Section 7(4) of the Clinical Officers Act
3631:, owned by the Roman Catholic diocese of
2697:Clinical Officer (5-year degree training)
1064:is undertaken by those who wish to leave
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
5602:
4838:Medical Assistant Training School (MATS)
4612:American Academy of Physician Associates
4225:Diploma in Clinical Medicine and Surgery
3863:
3724:Medical Practitioners and Dentists Board
3552:Medical Practitioners and Dentists Board
3149:and to establish a provisional or final
2838:Principal Registered Clinical Officer II
2700:Medical Officer (6-year degree training)
1950:Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
1927:Diploma in Clinical Medicine and Surgery
1477:Diploma in Clinical Medicine and Surgery
1425:Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
6617:"Distance Learning Programmes Division"
6464:
6169:
5828:
5826:
5193:in countries of the former Soviet Union
4842:Sub assistant community Medical Officer
4347:, medicine, surgery and radiology etc.
4315:Health in the Republic of South Sudan.
3968:Criminal Appeal 198 of 2008 - Kenya Law
3859:Kenya Union of Clinical Officers (KUCO)
3780:by the Clinical Officers Council giving
3073:. Clinical Officer (CO) is a protected
2865:Assistant Director of Clinical Services
2862:Principal Registered Clinical Officer I
2073:Hospital's Internship completion letter
1660:Hospital's Internship completion letter
14:
6778:
6704:Presbyterian university of East Africa
5780:
5715:
5713:
5352:Introduction: Looking beyond the state
4755:Bachelor of Rural Medicine and Surgery
4217:
3798:and three years of work experience in
3700:) instead of the more recent six-year
3698:Liaison Committee on Medical Education
3574:which followed initial funding by the
3069:training (optional) and (10) become a
2868:Assistant Director of Medical Services
2597:which requires each clinical officer,
2433:St. Mary's School of Clinical Medicine
2070:Complete internship assessment booklet
1657:Complete internship assessment booklet
1380:Kenya Certificate of Primary Education
1088:numbers are generated from a national
5800:
4881:Chittagong Medical School (1927-1957)
4645:Master of Physician Assistant Studies
4559:Bachelor of Clinical Medical Practice
3615:degree was later introduced in 2006.
3177:characteristics while being actively
5823:
5129:Physician Assistant / Associate (PA)
4784:
4557:for three years and awards them the
3576:African-American Students Foundation
3423:
3125:sick and healthy individuals in all
3049:(7) complete a three-year period of
2913:Deputy Director of Clinical Services
2814:Chief Registered Clinical Officer II
2654:. The scheme is administered by the
1227:Imperial British East Africa Company
273:Medical Extension Officer (MEDEX) –
68:
26:
5710:
4887:Rajshahi Medical School (1954-1958)
4746:into the Medical Council of India.
4406:Clinical Officers Surgical Training
3971:Criminal Case 6 of 2004 - Kenya Law
2916:Deputy Director of Medical Services
2648:State Department for Public Service
2632:Kenya Clinical Officers Association
2579:Commission for University Education
2083:Kenya Clinical Officers Association
1670:Kenya Clinical Officers Association
24:
5255:"Assistant Medical Officer Course"
5145:Master in Risk Disaster Management
4229:BSc. Clinical Medicine and Surgery
4111:BSc. Clinical Medicine and Surgery
3613:BSc. Clinical Medicine and Surgery
3173:as well as individual patient and
2790:Senior Registered Clinical Officer
2429:Roman Catholic Diocese of Kakamega
2177:Ophthalmology and Cataract Surgery
2004:Ophthalmology and Cataract Surgery
1765:Ophthalmology and Cataract Surgery
1241:to establish its influence in the
1223:Sir William Mackinnon, 1st Baronet
1072:in one branch of medicine such as
183:Assistant Medical Officer (AMO) –
25:
6797:
6734:Malawi College of Health Sciences
6697:
6681:Management and Science University
4884:Sylhet Medical School (1948-1962)
4836:are Medical Assistant product of
4617:
3297:masters of medicine specialties.
263:Community Health Officer (CHO) –
6763:
6179:Hounton SH; et al. (2009).
6141:Kampala International University
5888:"Registration and licensing act"
4891:
4858:
4789:
4592:
4576:
4378:Kampala International University
4351:Kampala International University
4081:in 1999. Programs also exist at
3456:health centres and clinics, and
3021:and each officer must (1) study
2967:Senior Chief Medical Specialist
2636:Kenya Union of Clinical Officers
1239:Government of the United Kingdom
334:Infection prevention and control
251:Clinical Health Officer (CHO) –
138:
73:
31:
6674:
6654:
6634:
6609:
6589:
6563:
6550:
6531:
6509:
6458:
6439:
6421:
6407:
6386:
6351:
6333:
6325:. July 21, 2016. Archived from
6292:
6281:
6256:
6223:
6153:
6134:
6115:
6066:
6046:
6021:
6000:
5979:
5961:
5949:
5937:
5925:
5907:
5880:
5756:
5738:
5690:
5665:
5645:
5596:
5583:
5558:
5533:
5484:
5453:
5383:
5028:Malaysian Qualifications Agency
4937:
4911:
4768:in Chennai, collaborating with
4571:University of the Witwatersrand
4539:
4411:
3927:
3846:Clinical Officers Council (COC)
3747:Kenya Medical Association (KMA)
2718:Registered Clinical Officer III
2672:County Chief Officer for Health
2276:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2269:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2262:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2251:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2240:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2229:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2222:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2211:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2204:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2193:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2182:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2175:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2168:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2161:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2154:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2143:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
2136:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1864:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1857:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1850:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1839:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1828:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1817:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1810:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1799:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1792:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1781:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1770:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1763:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1756:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1749:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1742:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1731:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
1724:Clinical Medicine and Surgery (
898:Health Management Organisations
6394:"Central University - Welcome"
5603:Wilson A; et al. (2011).
5369:
5343:
5322:
5308:
5290:
5261:
5247:
5222:
5204:
4706:Assistant Medical Practitioner
4423:attachés de santé en chirurgie
4120:and clinical sciences such as
3956:qualified medical practitioner
3783:Unlimited practice rights with
3761:professional diploma or degree
3742:Unlimited practice rights with
3625:Kenya Medical Training College
3343:Emergency and Clinical Officer
3220:are the only officers who are
2742:Registered Clinical Officer II
2425:Kenya Medical Training College
2284:Occupational Health and Safety
1872:Occupational Health and Safety
1486:Kenya Medical Training College
1166:National Health Insurance Fund
13:
1:
6749:The Clinical Officers Council
6465:Cumbi A; et al. (2007).
6231:The Medical Assistant Course.
6166:2011, 9:30 (19 December 2011)
5721:"clinicalofficerscouncil.com"
5461:"Assistant Doctor's in China"
5269:"Master of Clinical Medicine"
5230:"Bsc Internal Medicine (New)"
5197:
4780:
4770:Birla Institute of Technology
4643:offers a one-and-a-half-year
4626:has in recent years employed
4509:
4357:where it is now offering its
4155:There is special emphasis on
4014:Competition Act No.12 of 2010
3428:A clinical officer takes the
3240:and generate credible health
2937:Director of Clinical Services
2766:Registered Clinical Officer I
2390:Clinical Medicine and Surgery
2362:Master of Clinical Medicine (
2355:Master of Clinical Medicine (
2348:Master of Clinical Medicine (
2341:Master of Clinical Medicine (
1944:Pre-requisites (Direct entry)
1092:-recommended database at the
797:Health information management
6380:Medical & Dental Council
5855:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000242
4846:
4634:
4441:The first medical school in
3982:, the legal definition of a
3776:Registration, licensing and
3763:programme accredited by the
3735:Registration, licensing and
3722:programme accredited by the
3372:Emergency Care Practitioners
3315:Millennium Development Goals
3061:which allows one to provide
2988:Director of Medical Services
7:
5915:"Clinical Officers Council"
5895:clinicalofficerscouncil.org
5746:"Accelerated Three-Year MD"
5589:World Health Organization.
5158:
5009:
4802:to comply with Knowledge's
4702:Native Medical Practitioner
4436:
4318:
4271:, skin and chest diseases,
4180:Internship and registration
4113:is completed over 4 years.
4072:
3337:Anesthesiologist assistants
3255:
1484:taught and examined by the
1192:. The Indian doctors faced
762:Radiological investigations
234:Physician Associate (PA) –
199:Physician Assistant (PA) –
96:, discuss the issue on the
10:
6802:
6515:Walter Sisulu University.
6288:Central University College
6185:Human Resources for Health
6164:Human Resources for Health
5956:Kenya Methodist University
5591:Classifying health workers
5443:University of Birmingham.
5100:in various fields such as
5049:(Program Penempatan Wajib)
5020:Assistant Medical Officers
4596:
4543:
4513:
4489:
4337:Assistant Medical Officers
4095:Kenya Methodist University
3855:KCOA Scientific Conference
3544:
3405:Assistant Medical Officers
3283:Assistant Medical Officers
2919:Senior Medical Specialist
2841:Principal Clinical Officer
2435:at St. Mary's Hospital in
2413:Kenyatta National Hospital
1922:Pre-requisites (Upgrading)
1567:Obstetrics and Gynaecology
1303:Kenyatta National Hospital
1255:Kenyatta National Hospital
1229:. The company was granted
1171:
971:Anesthesiologist assistant
893:Humanitarian organizations
257:Clinical Associate (CA) –
193:Medical Licentiate (ML) –
6556:Fiji School of Medicine.
6264:"Physician Assistantship"
5165:Allied health professions
4716:Primary Care Practitioner
4711:Assistant Medical Officer
4387:
4364:
4286:
4174:Health Service Management
4005:medical officer of health
3947:Clinical Officers Council
3918:Universal Health Coverage
3898:Universal Health Coverage
3796:Clinical Officers Council
3765:Clinical Officers Council
3621:Clinical Officers Council
3604:Clinical Officers Council
3596:University of East Africa
3556:Clinical Officers Council
3384:Health Extension Officers
3003:Clinical Officers Council
2943:Chief Medical Specialist
2668:Public Service Commission
2640:Public Service Commission
2591:Clinical Officers Council
2571:Clinical Officers Council
2421:Clinical Officers Council
2309:Health systems management
2079:Clinical Officers Council
2059:Health Service Management
2047:Obstetrics and Gynecology
1897:Health systems management
1666:Clinical Officers Council
1646:Health Service Management
1634:Obstetrics and Gynecology
1610:Clinical Officers Council
1608:Subjects examined by the
1582:Health Service Management
1344:health service management
1332:obstetrics and gynecology
1042:Clinical Officers Council
939:
862:
824:
757:Laboratory investigations
725:
720:
679:Health Systems Management
439:Health Service Management
320:
304:
279:Medical Assistant (MA) –
151:
146:
137:
57:Proposed since July 2024.
18:Assistant Medical Officer
6538:University of Queensland
6010:. Must.ac.ke. 2018-11-18
5989:. Puea.ac.ke. 2020-12-02
5566:"Divine Word University"
5509:10.1308/003588407X160819
4815:may contain suggestions.
4800:may need to be rewritten
4742:degrees. They were then
4725:
4684:by ship having survived
4670:community health workers
4656:China has about 880,000
4651:
4641:University of Queensland
4563:Walter Sisulu University
4449:
4327:, training is under the
4295:
3906:President Uhuru Kenyatta
3686:East Africa Protectorate
3506:University of Birmingham
3063:general medical services
3047:medical practice licence
2666:in conjunction with the
2646:which was issued by the
1366:Recognised qualification
1243:East Africa Protectorate
1212:
1188:who came to work on the
1182:Colonial Medical Service
1040:and registration at the
291:Assistant Doctor (AD) –
157:Clinical Officer (CO) –
6786:Health care occupations
5409:10.1186/1471-2334-8-162
5396:BMC Infectious Diseases
4869:General Medical Council
4698:Fiji School of Medicine
4675:
4534:Maputo Central Hospital
4353:has opened a campus in
3853:, including its annual
3830:and other specialties.
3759:Is a four or five-year
3580:post-independence Kenya
3511:British Medical Journal
3108:Chief Clinical Officers
2793:Senior Clinical Officer
1263:King George VI Hospital
1257:was established as the
1202:General Medical Council
1050:practising certificates
1046:clinical apprenticeship
981:Pathologists' assistant
888:Nonprofit organizations
574:Cardiovascular medicine
313:Healthcare professional
6560:Accessed 6 April 2011.
6484:10.1186/1478-4491-5-27
6198:10.1186/1478-4491-7-34
6131:Accessed 6 April 2011.
5969:"Mt. Kenya University"
5450:Posted on 20 May 2011.
5180:Surgical technologists
4766:Madras Medical Mission
4567:University of Pretoria
4530:surgical technologists
4419:health human resources
4259:and cataract surgery,
3882:postmortem examination
3869:
3411:Surgical Technologists
3325:Osteopathic physicians
3055:practising certificate
2997:Clinical officer is a
2871:Medical Specialist II
2844:Senior Medical Officer
2817:Chief Clinical Officer
2611:practising certificate
2357:Accident and Emergency
2246:Critical care medicine
2081:and membership of the
1834:Critical care medicine
1668:and membership of the
1316:basic medical sciences
1261:and later renamed the
1142:government contractors
802:Medical classification
737:Medical history taking
504:Critical care medicine
5797:; 2007, 370: 2158–63.
5541:"Assistant Physician"
5133:Clinical Officer (CO)
4516:Surgical technologist
3867:
3592:University of Nairobi
3508:and published in the
3504:Research done by the
3469:A clinical officer's
3218:medical practitioners
3159:clinical pharmacology
2895:Medical Specialist I
2593:reconstituted by the
2423:in 1989. In 1990 the
2405:University of Nairobi
2149:Head and neck surgery
2002:Bachelor of Science (
1995:Bachelor of Science (
1970:Bachelor of Science (
1737:Head and neck surgery
1527:Clinical pharmacology
1512:Clinical Microbiology
1259:Native Civil Hospital
1126:postgraduate training
1118:health administration
792:Preventive healthcare
747:Point-of-care testing
619:Clinical pharmacology
614:Occupational medicine
133:Clinical officer (CO)
6729:Mt. Kenya University
6577:on 21 September 2010
5820:Accessed 2011-04-06.
5593:. Geneva, WHO, 2010.
5497:Ann R Coll Surg Engl
4628:physician assistants
4604:Physician assistants
4587:physician assistants
4526:tecnicos de cirurgia
4460:Physician Assistant.
4311:, name="AMREF"/>
3988:medical practitioner
3844:Registration by the
3671:The dual diploma in
3487:physical examination
3458:casualty departments
3378:Assistant Physicians
3349:Physician Assistants
3339:in the United States
3051:clinical supervision
2559:Professional degrees
2381:Doctor of philosophy
2145:Ear, Nose and Throat
1733:Ear, Nose and Throat
1352:clinical supervision
1237:and was used by the
1098:disease surveillance
1086:Master Facility List
1054:Master Facility List
883:Kenya Defense Forces
845:Clinical supervision
838:Clinical supervision
772:Medical prescription
742:Physical examination
713:International health
669:Medical parasitology
664:Medical microbiology
639:Medical biochemistry
599:Environmental health
584:Transfusion medicine
569:Respiratory medicine
434:Clinical supervision
394:Disease surveillance
102:create a new article
94:improve this article
84:may not represent a
6571:"Account Suspended"
6417:. December 5, 2016.
5332:. Kenyalaw.org:8181
5185:Clinical associates
5170:Healthcare in Kenya
4599:Physician assistant
4555:clinical associates
4546:Clinical associates
4269:clinical psychology
4245:reproductive health
4218:Careers Progression
4116:Students study the
4099:Mt Kenya University
3874:medical examination
3828:reproductive health
3720:professional degree
3590:training. When the
3572:the Kennedy Airlift
3496:The United States'
3417:Clinical Associates
3386:in Papua New Guinea
3287:Medical Licentiates
3212:Clinical officers,
3163:clinical guidelines
2684:
2664:Principal Secretary
2638:. In June 2020 the
2577:(KMPDC) making the
2460:
2195:Reproductive Health
2184:Orthopaedic surgery
2049:rotation (3 months)
2043:rotation (3 months)
2037:rotation (3 months)
2031:rotation (3 months)
1783:Reproductive Health
1772:Orthopaedic surgery
1636:rotation (3 months)
1630:rotation (3 months)
1624:rotation (3 months)
1618:rotation (3 months)
1443:Biological sciences
1359:
948:Assistant Physician
878:Government agencies
782:Medical photography
708:Disaster management
399:Community diagnosis
374:Reproductive health
134:
47:Physician assistant
6686:2009-03-01 at the
6543:2009-12-15 at the
6525:2011-01-10 at the
6435:. 25 October 2016.
6236:2009-07-29 at the
6229:Narhbita College.
6159:Ferrinho P et al.
6127:2011-07-17 at the
5932:Egerton University
5816:2011-03-16 at the
5750:NYU Langone Health
5379:. 16 October 2018.
5117:2020-07-27 at the
5038:2020-07-27 at the
5026:recognized by the
4431:caesarian sections
4408:(COST) programme.
4329:Ministry of Health
4281:Community medicine
4079:Egerton University
4003:further defines a
3914:Affordable housing
3894:primary healthcare
3886:death certificates
3870:
3520:maternal mortality
3516:caeserian sections
3450:health care system
3399:Medical Assistants
3250:Ministry of Health
3236:. They work under
2681:
2674:in each of the 47
2656:Ministry of Health
2563:Egerton University
2467:Scope of practice
2458:
2299:Medical ultrasound
2264:Addiction Medicine
2067:rotation (1 month)
2061:rotation (1 month)
2055:rotation (1 month)
1941:Bachelor's degree:
1919:Bachelor's degree:
1887:Medical ultrasound
1852:Addiction Medicine
1654:rotation (1 month)
1648:rotation (1 month)
1642:rotation (1 month)
1587:Community Medicine
1542:Clinical Pathology
1357:
1198:assistant surgeons
1114:specialty practice
1094:Ministry of Health
957:Nurse practitioner
826:Education required
777:Medical procedures
767:Medical ultrasound
634:Medical physiology
419:Clinical nutrition
349:Emergency medicine
236:The United Kingdom
132:
6471:Hum Resour Health
6091:10.1136/bmj.d2600
5834:Kruk, Margaret E.
5809:Clinical Officers
5621:10.1136/bmj.d2600
5216:www.mchsmau.ac.mw
5137:Pre-Hospital Care
4830:
4829:
4804:quality standards
4774:Frontier Lifeline
4608:Doctor of Science
4479:Clinical Officer.
4001:Public Health Act
3804:clinical medicine
3753:Clinical Officers
3673:clinical medicine
3476:Caesarean section
3471:scope of practice
3424:Scope of practice
3362:Assistant Doctors
3043:teaching hospital
3031:clinical medicine
3023:clinical medicine
2995:
2994:
2676:Counties of Kenya
2660:Cabinet Secretary
2556:
2555:
2445:clinical medicine
2417:teaching hospital
2401:
2400:
2350:Forensic medicine
2304:Medical education
2208:and Child Health)
2102:Employment letter
2017:Pre-registration
1997:Clinical Medicine
1989:Bachelor's degree
1972:Clinical Medicine
1965:Bachelor's degree
1892:Medical education
1796:and Child Health)
1690:Employment letter
1599:Pre-registration
1547:Clinical Practice
1537:General Pathology
1452:Physical sciences
1409:Religious studies
1308:clinical medicine
1275:European Hospital
1062:medical specialty
1038:teaching hospital
1007:
1006:
932:Clinical research
807:Medical education
752:Medical diagnosis
693:Health technology
684:Quality assurance
644:Molecular biology
589:Tropical medicine
449:Internal medicine
389:Pharmacovigilance
359:Forensic medicine
240:The United States
229:The United States
130:
129:
122:
104:, as appropriate.
64:
63:
59:
16:(Redirected from
6793:
6768:
6767:
6766:
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6669:
6668:
6658:
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6649:
6648:
6638:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6619:. Archived from
6613:
6607:
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6604:
6603:
6593:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6582:
6573:. Archived from
6567:
6561:
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6548:
6535:
6529:
6513:
6507:
6506:
6496:
6486:
6462:
6456:
6443:
6437:
6436:
6433:www.ghanaweb.com
6425:
6419:
6418:
6411:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6401:
6396:. Central.edu.gh
6390:
6384:
6383:
6372:
6363:
6362:
6361:. 22 April 2016.
6355:
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6337:
6331:
6330:
6319:
6308:
6307:
6296:
6290:
6285:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6266:. Archived from
6260:
6254:
6249:
6240:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6210:
6200:
6176:
6167:
6157:
6151:
6138:
6132:
6119:
6113:
6112:
6102:
6070:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6054:"Press Releases"
6050:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6040:
6031:. Archived from
6025:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6015:
6004:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5975:on July 3, 2009.
5971:. Archived from
5965:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5941:
5935:
5929:
5923:
5922:
5917:. Archived from
5911:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5892:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5867:
5857:
5830:
5821:
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5777:
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5760:
5754:
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5742:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5723:. Archived from
5717:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5675:. Archived from
5669:
5663:
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5660:
5659:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5632:
5600:
5594:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5568:. Archived from
5562:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5543:. Archived from
5537:
5531:
5530:
5520:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5472:
5466:. Archived from
5465:
5457:
5451:
5441:
5432:
5431:
5421:
5411:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5373:
5367:
5366:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5330:"No. 20 of 2017"
5326:
5320:
5319:
5312:
5306:
5305:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5275:. Archived from
5265:
5259:
5258:
5251:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5232:. Archived from
5226:
5220:
5219:
5208:
4996:(Jhenaidah MATS)
4966:(Sirajgonj MATS)
4950:
4949:
4945:
4825:
4822:
4816:
4793:
4785:
4666:barefoot doctors
4187:hippocratic oath
4172:They also learn
4161:community health
4159:with modules on
4087:Uzima University
3942:clinical officer
3806:or a specialist
3800:general medicine
3712:Medical Officers
3539:Wound dehiscence
3430:Hippocratic oath
3419:in South Africa.
3380:in Saudi Arabia,
3214:medical officers
3179:pharmacovigilant
3171:disease patterns
3143:community health
3094:) or high-level
3059:private practice
3035:community health
3005:(COC) which has
2769:Clinical Officer
2685:
2680:
2607:practice license
2461:
2457:
2407:started its own
2314:Community health
2289:Health promotion
2278:Chronic diseases
2111:private practice
2053:Community health
1902:Community health
1877:Health promotion
1866:Chronic diseases
1699:private practice
1640:Community health
1532:Clinical Methods
1517:Community health
1497:Human Physiology
1429:Pre-requisites:
1360:
1356:
1336:community health
1279:Nairobi Hospital
1162:public hospitals
1122:community health
1110:general practice
1066:general practice
1019:gazetted officer
1011:clinical officer
995:Dental hygienist
922:Private practice
812:Health promotion
698:Health economics
654:Medical genetics
649:Cellular biology
594:Community health
509:Gastroenterology
384:Patient advocacy
379:Mental disorders
322:Activity sectors
142:
135:
131:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
77:
76:
69:
55:
35:
34:
27:
21:
6801:
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6794:
6792:
6791:
6790:
6776:
6775:
6774:
6764:
6762:
6754:
6700:
6695:
6694:
6688:Wayback Machine
6679:
6675:
6666:
6664:
6660:
6659:
6655:
6646:
6644:
6640:
6639:
6635:
6626:
6624:
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6601:
6599:
6595:
6594:
6590:
6580:
6578:
6569:
6568:
6564:
6555:
6551:
6545:Wayback Machine
6536:
6532:
6527:Wayback Machine
6514:
6510:
6463:
6459:
6444:
6440:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6413:
6412:
6408:
6399:
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6339:
6338:
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6320:
6311:
6298:
6297:
6293:
6286:
6282:
6273:
6271:
6262:
6261:
6257:
6250:
6243:
6238:Wayback Machine
6228:
6224:
6177:
6170:
6158:
6154:
6139:
6135:
6129:Wayback Machine
6120:
6116:
6071:
6067:
6058:
6056:
6052:
6051:
6047:
6038:
6036:
6027:
6026:
6022:
6013:
6011:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5992:
5990:
5985:
5984:
5980:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5954:
5950:
5942:
5938:
5930:
5926:
5921:on May 9, 2022.
5913:
5912:
5908:
5899:
5897:
5890:
5886:
5885:
5881:
5848:(3): e1000242.
5831:
5824:
5818:Wayback Machine
5805:
5801:
5792:
5781:
5772:
5770:
5762:
5761:
5757:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5730:
5728:
5719:
5718:
5711:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5695:
5691:
5682:
5680:
5671:
5670:
5666:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5650:
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5601:
5597:
5588:
5584:
5575:
5573:
5564:
5563:
5559:
5550:
5548:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5489:
5485:
5476:
5474:
5470:
5463:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5442:
5435:
5388:
5384:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5363:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5335:
5333:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5282:
5280:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5239:
5237:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5200:
5187:in South Africa
5161:
5119:Wayback Machine
5040:Wayback Machine
5012:
4990:(Faridpur MATS)
4984:(Noakhali MATS)
4978:(Bagerhat MATS)
4951:
4947:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4914:
4902:bhore committee
4894:
4861:
4849:
4826:
4820:
4817:
4807:
4794:
4783:
4736:bhore committee
4728:
4678:
4654:
4637:
4620:
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4579:
4548:
4542:
4518:
4512:
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4390:
4367:
4348:
4321:
4298:
4289:
4220:
4182:
4075:
4025:
3984:medical officer
3952:medical officer
3938:medical officer
3930:
3594:split from the
3547:
3535:wound infection
3483:medical history
3452:. Most work in
3426:
3308:The success of
3258:
3185:, drug errors,
3057:if they have a
2820:Medical Officer
2379:
2335:Master's degree
2333:
2257:Palliative Care
2188:Trauma medicine
2128:
2022:
1987:
1964:
1943:
1921:
1845:Palliative Care
1776:Trauma medicine
1716:
1604:
1475:
1423:
1378:
1215:
1174:
942:
867:
865:
827:
817:Health advocacy
688:Quality control
674:Sub-specialties
524:Anaesthesiology
454:Family medicine
429:Pain management
414:Palliative care
404:Contact tracing
323:
307:
306:Occupation type
126:
115:
109:
106:
91:
78:
74:
67:
60:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
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6799:
6789:
6788:
6773:
6772:
6752:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6699:
6698:External links
6696:
6693:
6692:
6673:
6653:
6633:
6608:
6588:
6562:
6549:
6530:
6508:
6457:
6451:2012-09-12 at
6438:
6420:
6406:
6385:
6364:
6350:
6332:
6329:on 2016-07-21.
6309:
6291:
6280:
6255:
6241:
6222:
6168:
6152:
6146:2012-07-28 at
6133:
6114:
6065:
6045:
6020:
5999:
5978:
5960:
5948:
5936:
5924:
5906:
5879:
5822:
5799:
5779:
5768:www.usnews.com
5755:
5737:
5709:
5689:
5664:
5644:
5595:
5582:
5557:
5532:
5483:
5452:
5433:
5382:
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5361:
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5201:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5194:
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5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5160:
5157:
5094:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5071:
5064:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5003:
5002:(Comilla MATS)
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4972:(Kushtia MATS)
4967:
4961:
4960:(Tangail MATS)
4939:
4936:
4919:Mujibur Rahman
4913:
4910:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4879:
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4860:
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4797:
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4727:
4724:
4677:
4674:
4653:
4650:
4636:
4633:
4624:United Kingdom
4619:
4618:United Kingdom
4616:
4597:Main article:
4594:
4591:
4578:
4575:
4541:
4538:
4511:
4508:
4491:
4488:
4451:
4448:
4438:
4435:
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4410:
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4386:
4366:
4363:
4342:
4320:
4317:
4301:Southern Sudan
4297:
4294:
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4285:
4233:Higher Diploma
4219:
4216:
4181:
4178:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4024:
4021:
3936:Like the term
3929:
3926:
3791:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3750:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3718:Is a six-year
3669:
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3662:
3656:
3648:
3563:British colony
3546:
3543:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
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3402:
3396:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3365:
3359:
3346:
3340:
3257:
3254:
3183:drug reactions
3167:best practices
2993:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2951:
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2941:
2938:
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2927:
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2920:
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2879:
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2825:
2824:
2821:
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2807:
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2800:
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2783:
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2705:
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2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2609:and a current
2603:medical centre
2573:(COC) and the
2554:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2520:
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2494:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2411:and also used
2409:medical school
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2384:
2377:KNQF level 10:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2367:
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2353:
2346:
2337:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
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2301:
2296:
2291:
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2281:
2274:
2267:
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2249:
2238:
2227:
2224:Chest medicine
2220:
2209:
2202:
2191:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2141:
2132:
2130:Higher diploma
2122:
2121:
2118:
2115:specialization
2107:
2106:
2103:
2098:
2095:Apprenticeship
2090:
2089:
2086:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2024:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1991:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1974:) Direct entry
1966:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
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1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1837:
1826:
1815:
1812:Chest medicine
1808:
1797:
1790:
1779:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1729:
1720:
1718:Higher diploma
1710:
1709:
1706:
1703:specialization
1695:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1683:Apprenticeship
1678:
1677:
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1661:
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1412:
1411:
1406:
1404:Social studies
1401:
1396:
1391:
1382:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1299:rehabilitative
1273:. In 1958 the
1271:United Kingdom
1267:King George VI
1235:Queen Victoria
1214:
1211:
1194:discrimination
1190:Uganda Railway
1178:Anna Greenwood
1173:
1170:
1146:subcontractors
1138:private sector
1058:higher diploma
1005:
1004:
1003:
1002:
992:
978:
968:
954:
943:
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937:
936:
935:
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909:
900:
895:
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885:
880:
875:
873:Public service
868:
863:
860:
859:
858:
857:
854:
851:
848:
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828:
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789:
787:Rehabilitation
784:
779:
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769:
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749:
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739:
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723:
722:
718:
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531:
529:Otolaryngology
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
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436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
364:Medical ethics
361:
356:
351:
346:
344:Patient safety
341:
336:
331:
324:
321:
318:
317:
316:
315:
308:
305:
302:
301:
300:
299:
289:
283:
277:
271:
261:
255:
249:
243:
232:
197:
191:
181:
153:
149:
148:
144:
143:
128:
127:
88:of the subject
86:worldwide view
81:
79:
72:
65:
62:
61:
39:
37:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6798:
6787:
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6783:
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6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6689:
6685:
6682:
6677:
6663:
6657:
6643:
6637:
6623:on 2000-07-11
6622:
6618:
6612:
6598:
6592:
6576:
6572:
6566:
6559:
6553:
6546:
6542:
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6504:
6500:
6495:
6490:
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6476:
6472:
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6454:
6453:archive.today
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6395:
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6377:
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6360:
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6342:
6336:
6328:
6324:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6305:
6301:
6295:
6289:
6284:
6270:on 2017-01-30
6269:
6265:
6259:
6253:
6248:
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6239:
6235:
6232:
6226:
6218:
6214:
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6199:
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6190:
6186:
6182:
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6173:
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6162:
6156:
6149:
6148:archive.today
6145:
6142:
6137:
6130:
6126:
6123:
6118:
6110:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6069:
6055:
6049:
6035:on 2013-04-28
6034:
6030:
6024:
6009:
6003:
5988:
5982:
5974:
5970:
5964:
5957:
5952:
5945:
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5933:
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5916:
5910:
5896:
5889:
5883:
5875:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5842:PLOS Medicine
5839:
5835:
5829:
5827:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5803:
5796:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5769:
5765:
5759:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5727:on 2011-07-08
5726:
5722:
5716:
5714:
5699:
5693:
5679:on 2011-11-13
5678:
5674:
5668:
5654:
5648:
5640:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5586:
5572:on 2010-11-28
5571:
5567:
5561:
5547:on 2011-11-16
5546:
5542:
5536:
5528:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5487:
5473:on 2016-06-09
5469:
5462:
5456:
5449:
5447:
5440:
5438:
5429:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5386:
5378:
5372:
5364:
5362:9781526137074
5358:
5354:
5353:
5346:
5331:
5325:
5317:
5311:
5303:
5299:
5293:
5279:on 2019-08-13
5278:
5274:
5273:www.mku.ac.ke
5270:
5264:
5256:
5250:
5236:on 2016-08-21
5235:
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5225:
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4992:
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4977:
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4968:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4946:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4925:
4924:Sheike Hasina
4920:
4909:
4907:
4906:grandfathered
4903:
4899:
4898:East Pakistan
4892:East Pakistan
4886:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4864:
4859:British India
4856:
4854:
4853:East Pakistan
4844:
4843:
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4824:
4814:
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4798:This section
4796:
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4744:grandfathered
4741:
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4723:
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4717:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4658:Rural Doctors
4649:
4646:
4642:
4632:
4629:
4625:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4600:
4593:United States
4590:
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4577:International
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4399:
4395:
4385:
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4379:
4375:
4372:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4355:Dar es Salaam
4352:
4346:
4341:
4338:
4332:
4330:
4326:
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4310:
4306:
4302:
4293:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4257:ophthalmology
4254:
4250:
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4236:
4234:
4230:
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4215:
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3922:Food security
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3910:Manufacturing
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3467:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3418:
3415:
3413:in Mozambique
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3368:Surgical Care
3366:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
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3311:
3306:
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3298:
3294:
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3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3203:overtreatment
3200:
3199:overscreening
3196:
3195:overdiagnosis
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3116:United States
3113:
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3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
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2712:
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2706:
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2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2652:civil service
2649:
2645:
2642:approved the
2641:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
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2564:
2560:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2542:
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2538:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2513:
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2504:
2499:
2496:
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2487:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2453:Kenya Gazette
2450:
2446:
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2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2364:Family Health
2361:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2331:KNQF level 9:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2217:Mental Health
2214:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2170:Family Health
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2126:KNQF level 8:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2109:Required for
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1985:KNQF level 7:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1962:KNQF level 7:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
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1878:
1875:
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1867:
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1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1805:Mental Health
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1758:Family Health
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1714:KNQF level 7:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1697:Required for
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1659:
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1607:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1592:
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1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
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1548:
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1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
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1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:Human Anatomy
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1473:KNQF level 6:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1421:KNQF level 2:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:(present-day
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1245:(present day
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1231:royal charter
1228:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1000:
996:
993:
990:
986:
982:
979:
976:
972:
969:
966:
962:
958:
955:
953:
949:
946:
945:
944:
938:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
869:
861:
855:
852:
849:
846:
842:
839:
835:
831:
830:
829:
823:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
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783:
780:
778:
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773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
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748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
728:
724:
719:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
703:Global health
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
629:Human anatomy
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3007:jurisdiction
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1562:Orthopaedics
1522:Pharmacology
1507:Microbiology
1502:Parasitology
1472:
1420:
1375:KNQF level 1
1374:
1340:rural health
1225:founded the
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1150:primary care
1148:who provide
1078:orthopaedics
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941:Related jobs
903:Universities
732:Venipuncture
726:Competencies
624:Therapeutics
609:Epidemiology
604:Rural health
494:Traumatology
489:Orthopaedics
409:Immunization
369:human rights
329:Primary care
265:Sierra Leone
259:South Africa
116:
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6662:"নীড় পাতা"
6547:, Australia
6376:"Home page"
5503:(1): 30–5.
4694:vaccination
4345:anaesthesia
4249:anaesthesia
4241:paediatrics
4200:paediatrics
3980:Anatomy Act
3940:, the term
3824:anaesthesia
3816:orthopedics
3708:countries:
3665:Mr. Shikuku
3652:Mr. Shikuku
3463:hospitalist
3407:in Malaysia
3329:Podiatrists
3303:futile care
3246:information
3207:futile care
3139:psychiatric
3127:specialties
3067:specialized
2623:orthopedics
2235:Venereology
2231:Dermatology
2206:Paediatrics
2138:Anaesthesia
2041:Paediatrics
2006:) Upgrading
1999:) Upgrading
1823:Venereology
1819:Dermatology
1794:Paediatrics
1726:Anaesthesia
1628:Paediatrics
1572:Paediatrics
1457:Mathematics
1394:Mathematics
1328:paediatrics
1102:47 counties
1074:paediatrics
836:(1 year) +
721:Description
579:Haematology
564:Venereology
559:Dermatology
479:Gynaecology
469:Neonatology
464:Paediatrics
424:Food safety
175:South Sudan
6690:, Malaysia
6667:2016-07-13
6647:2016-07-13
6627:2021-07-13
6602:2016-07-13
6400:2019-08-12
6274:2021-07-13
6059:2016-07-13
6039:2021-07-13
6014:2022-07-20
5993:2022-07-20
5900:2019-08-13
5773:2019-08-13
5731:2016-07-13
5703:2016-07-13
5683:2021-07-13
5658:2016-07-13
5576:2021-07-13
5551:2021-07-13
5477:2012-01-08
5336:2022-07-20
5283:2019-08-13
5240:2021-07-13
5198:References
5175:Paramedics
4912:Bangladesh
4834:Bangladesh
4781:Bangladesh
4544:See also:
4522:Mozambique
4514:See also:
4510:Mozambique
4265:psychiatry
4212:gynecology
4208:obstetrics
4150:gynecology
4146:obstetrics
4142:pediatrics
4126:physiology
4118:biomedical
3878:sick notes
3857:, and the
3820:psychiatry
3812:pediatrics
3778:gazettment
3755:training:
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3714:training:
3681:internship
3659:Mr. Orengo
3644:Mr. Orengo
3394:Bangladesh
3374:in the UK,
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3267:pediatrics
3263:anesthesia
3098:officers,
3041:year at a
3039:internship
2441:internship
2325:1.5 years
2271:Cardiology
2213:Psychiatry
2163:Nephrology
2019:Internship
2011:2.5 years
1913:1.5 years
1859:Cardiology
1801:Psychiatry
1751:Nephrology
1601:Internship
1384:Subjects:
1363:KNQF Level
1348:internship
1287:preventive
1253:. In 1901
1134:government
1082:psychiatry
1070:specialize
1034:internship
866:employment
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554:Psychiatry
519:Nephrology
514:Toxicology
474:Obstetrics
459:Geriatrics
444:Sanitation
287:Bangladesh
253:Somaliland
213:Netherland
147:Occupation
6455:, Liberia
6191:(7): 34.
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4277:pathology
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3364:in China,
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3100:directors
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2619:dentistry
2464:Job group
2294:Audiology
2242:Emergency
2156:Dentistry
1882:Audiology
1830:Emergency
1744:Dentistry
1448:Chemistry
1434:Kiswahili
1389:Kiswahili
1369:Duration
1291:promotive
1084:. Unique
912:Hospitals
864:Fields of
659:Pathology
549:Radiology
544:Neurology
539:Dentistry
238:(UK) and
221:Australia
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6780:Category
6770:Medicine
6684:Archived
6558:History.
6541:Archived
6523:Archived
6503:18062808
6449:Archived
6234:Archived
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6150:, Uganda
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1312:surgery
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1172:History
1158:clinics
1136:or the
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2627:health
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1160:or in
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965:Canada
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159:Kenya
152:Names
100:, or
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6189:2009
6105:PMID
5870:PMID
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5131:and
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