311:
73:
36:
167:
53:
1695:
625:
British system, the exact phrasing of the warning is not explicitly mandated under federal law. There are also additional requirements about the warning that vary from state to state and may depend on the circumstances (such as when the arrestee is a non-citizen or juvenile). Since the exact wording used in an arrest is legally important, police officers often carry a printed copy of the rights, and read from it when providing the warning to ensure accuracy.
237:
bail if the offence fits the criteria for being bailable. There is no general rule of eligibility or requirement that a police officer must handcuff a person who is being arrested. When there is a question regarding handcuffing a person, case law has stated that the choice to handcuff a person is dependent on the surrounding circumstances, and that officers should always take the proper precautions to ensure the safety of themselves, and the public.
574:
477:
1541:
608:
the arrest. An officer is also not necessarily required to provide a
Miranda warning if the person being questioned has not been arrested or if an arrested person speaks spontaneously without being questioned. There is also an exception that permits questioning without providing the warning under circumstances involving urgent matters of public safety.
264:
citation. Prior to the court date, the prosecution will decide whether to file formal criminal charges against the individual. When the accused appears in court, they will be advised if formal criminal charges have been filed. If charges are filed, they will be asked to plead guilty or not guilty at the initial court hearing, which is referred to as the
417:
is to be determined objectively by reference to facts and information which the arresting officer has at the time of the arrest. It is not necessary that the officer knows the exact statutory provision that the suspect has violated, so long as the officer reasonably suspects that the suspect has done something amounting to an offence.
607:
is required only when a person is in custody (i.e., is not free to leave) and is being interrogated, and the results of this interrogation are to be used in court An officer is not required to inform a person of the
Miranda rights if the officer will not be questioning the detainee any further after
416:
However, an arrest warrant is not always necessary. Under section 50(1) of the Police Force
Ordinance, a police officer can "apprehend" (i.e. arrest) a person if he reasonably suspects the person being arrested is guilty of an offence. Whether there is such a reasonable suspicion in a particular case
291:
Also, in certain states, the prosecution has 48 hours to decide whether or not to file formal charges against the accused. For example, in
California, if no formal charges are filed within the 48-hour period, the accused must be released from the arresting host's custody. If formal charges are filed,
236:
According to Indian law, no formality is needed during the procedure of arrest. The arrest can be made by a citizen, a police officer or a
Magistrate. The police officer needs to inform the person being arrested the full particulars of the person's offence and that they are entitled to be released on
624:
legal assistance), and that what the detainee says can be used against them. The failure to provide a detainee with an adequate warning could make information obtained from an interrogation inadmissible in court, but does not prevent other evidence from being used to obtain a conviction. As in the
330:
Arrest powers in
Northern Ireland are informed by the Police and Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1989. This order legislates operational standards during arrest, questioning and charging a person suspected of committing a crime. Breach of this order may affect the investigation. Arrestees
321:
Arrests under
English law fall into two general categories—with and without a warrant—and then into more specific subcategories. Regardless of what power a person is arrested under, they must be informed that they are under arrest and of the grounds for their arrest at the time or as soon after the
633:
Immediately after the arrest, the police must inform the arrested of their right to remain silent. They may choose whether or not to answer any questions posed by the police (except that they may need to provide their name and address to the police). The police officer will caution them by saying,
436:
In the United
Kingdom, a person must be told that they are under arrest in simple, non-technical language, the essential legal and factual grounds for his arrest. A person must be 'cautioned' when being arrested or subject to a criminal prosecution procedure, unless this is impractical due to the
615:
You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can be used against you in court. You have the right to talk to a lawyer for advice before we ask you any questions. You have the right to have a lawyer with you during questioning. If you cannot afford a lawyer, one will be appointed for you
263:
to believe that a person has committed a minor crime, such as petty theft, driving on a suspended license, or disturbing the peace, law enforcement agents typically issue the individual a citation but do not otherwise detain them. The person must then appear in court on the date provided on the
206:
meaning 'to stop or stay' and signifies a restraint of a person. Lexicologically, the meaning of the word arrest is given in various dictionaries depending upon the circumstances in which the word is used. There are numerous slang terms for being arrested throughout the world. In
153:
in the United States. Furthermore, in most democracies, the time that a person can be detained in custody is relatively short (in most cases 24 hours in the United
Kingdom and 24 or 48 hours in the United States and France) before the detained person must be either
412:
The police may arrest a person according to a warrant issued by a
Magistrate under sections 31, 72, 73 or 74 of the Magistrates Ordinance. For example, an arrest warrant may be issued if an accused person does not appear in Court when he is due to answer a charge.
250:
In the United States, there exists a distinction between an investigatory stop or detention, and an arrest. The distinction tends to be whether or not the stop is "brief and cursory" in nature, and whether or not a reasonable individual would feel free to leave.
704:, it may nonetheless in some jurisdictions have serious ramifications such as absence from work, social stigma, and in some cases, the legal obligation to disclose a conviction when a person applies for a job, a loan or a professional license. In the
1082:
692:, which orders the arrest of the members who are not present. A member arrested is brought to the body's chamber to achieve a quorum. The member arrested does not face prosecution, but may be required to pay a fine to the legislative body.
138:", although certain conditions must be met before taking such action. Similar powers exist in France, Italy, Germany, Austria and Switzerland if a person is caught in an act of crime and not willing or able to produce valid
444:
You are under arrest on suspicion of . You do not have to say anything, but it may harm your defence if you do not mention when questioned something which you later rely on in court. Anything you do say may be given in
292:
the accused will be asked to appear at their arraignment. At the arraignment, the accused will be asked to plead guilty or not guilty, and the judge will set a bail amount (or refuse to set bail) for the accused.
1090:
727:
and need not be disclosed, whereas in the United States, people have to expunge or (if the case goes to court) seal arrest without convictions, or if the charges are dropped. However, in the UK, Enhanced
1400:
716:) a finding of factual innocence. A cleared person has the choice to file a complaint or a lawsuit if they choose to. Legal action is sometimes filed against the government after a wrongful arrest.
1232:
1051:
1104:
1413:
1128:
1154:
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288:. If the accused cannot post a monetary bail, they will appear at their arraignment where the judge will determine if the bail set by the schedule should be lowered.
92:
is the act of apprehending and taking a person into custody (legal protection or control), usually because the person has been suspected of or observed committing a
967:
388:
357:
1240:
677:, and a warrant for the person's arrest may be issued. Some court orders contain authority for a police officer to make an arrest without further order.
449:
Minor deviations from the words of any caution given do not constitute a breach of the Code of Practise, provided the sense of the caution is preserved.
382:
1486:
658:
1059:
366:
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before any questioning if you wish. If you decide to answer questions now without a lawyer present, you have the right to stop answering at any time.
600:
596:
1464:
1299:
1566:
732:(DBS) disclosures permit a Chief Constable to disclose this data if they believe it relevant to the post for which the DBS disclosure was applied.
1111:
1421:
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1183:
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You are not obliged to say anything unless you wish to do so but whatever you say will be put into writing and may be given in evidence."
1263:
1132:
997:
1216:
1158:
40:
1908:
798:
310:
1212:
620:
The warning must inform the detainee that they have the right to be silent, the right to legal counsel (and the availability of
1964:
862:
1519:
1264:"Atwater v. Lago Vista: Buckle-Up or Get Locked-Up: Warrantless Arrests for Fine-Only Misdemeanors Under the Fourth Amendment"
1358:
813:
431:
1959:
1827:
1389:
975:
1885:
1278:
793:
560:
541:
1854:
513:
149:, many countries require that an arrest must be made for a thoroughly justified reason, such as the requirement of
998:"Terry Stop / Stop and Frisk | Wex Legal Dictionary / Encyclopedia | LII / Legal Information Institute"
915:
941:
723:
are more severe in the United States than in the UK, where arrests without conviction do not appear in standard
280:. Under certain circumstances (that is where the public won't be endangered by one's release from custody), the
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729:
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520:
331:
in Northern Ireland have the right to contact a person to inform them of an arrest, and legal representation.
1923:
1494:
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rights for statements made during questioning to be admissible as evidence against the detainee in court. A
1928:
276:
When a person is arrested for a serious crime, the defendant will have their picture taken and be held in
1472:
1307:
527:
1052:"What's the difference between being arrested and being detained? - Police Encounters - Know My Rights"
456:
You are not obliged to say anything, but anything you do say will be noted and may be used in evidence.
211:
terminology, the term "nicked" is often synonymous with being arrested, and "nick" can also refer to a
72:
1903:
1215:
A person's rights when stopped, questioned or arrested by the police] (Directgov, England and Wales)
1083:"By 4-3, Supreme Court says no Miranda warning necessary for man repeatedly told he was under arrest"
223:
the term "collared" is sometimes used. The terms "lifted" or "picked up" are also heard on occasion.
130:, any person can arrest "anyone whom he has reasonable grounds for suspecting to be committing, have
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http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/CrimeJusticeAndTheLaw/Beingstoppedorarrestedbythepolice/DG_196019
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a person who was not found guilty after an arrest can remove their arrest record through an
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916:"Indian Kanoon -Shri D.K. Basu, Ashok K. Johri vs State of West Bengal, State of U.P"
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under the provisions of section 24 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
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1233:"Arrest and detention in Northern Ireland | Wilson Nesbitt Solicitors"
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1440:, 648 F.3d 118, 127 (2d Cir.2011), cert. denied, 132 S.Ct. 1610 (2012)"
713:
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Powers of the police in England and Wales § Arrest without warrant
187:
919:
968:"HANDCUFFING: IS IT REALLY EASY AS IT SEEMS TO BE - Into Legal World"
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747:
595:, after making an arrest, the police must inform the detainee of the
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370:
281:
171:
57:
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688:, many jurisdictions allow the members present the power to order a
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Powers of the police in England and Wales § People or vehicles
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23:"Arrested" and "Arresting" redirect here. For other uses, see
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arrest as is practicable, otherwise the arrest is unlawful.
93:
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383:
the power to arrest for a breach of the peace at common law
285:
245:
179:
1403:
to the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, para. 10.5.
362:
There are four subcategories of arrest without warrant:
1041:
United States v. Bullock, 632 F.3d 1004 (7th Cir. 2011)
1581:
1690:
1300:"Under what circumstances can the police arrest me?"
96:. After being taken into custody, the person can be
501:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1522:- "What they're gonna do when they come for you,"
440:The caution required in England and Wales states,
389:the powers to arrest otherwise than for an offence
1946:
1388:, 1 WLR 3155, 3 All ER 503 (6 July 2004),
1178:
1176:
903:A dictionary of slang and unconventional English
877:A dictionary of slang and unconventional English
673:Breach of a court order can be considered civil
215:, and the term "pinched" is also common. In the
700:While an arrest will not necessarily lead to a
254:
80:soldier arrests a man in June 2007, during the
1080:
1567:
1414:"Facts and Case Summary - Miranda v. Arizona"
1173:
577:Police officers taking a man into custody in
271:
1479:
1465:"What are my rights if I am being arrested?"
377:under the provisions of section 24A of PACE
351:
16:"Nicked" redirects here. For the name, see
1574:
1560:
1023:U.S. v. Vargas, 369 F.3d 98 (2d Cir. 2004)
379:, applies to those who are not constables,
561:Learn how and when to remove this message
452:The caution required in Scotland states:
888:Hérail, René James and Edwin A. Lovatt,
611:One common formulation of the warning is
572:
339:
309:
246:Distinction between arrest and detention
202:in origin, derived from the French word
165:
71:
51:
41:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
34:
1184:"Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984"
855:"Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984"
663:
1947:
890:Dictionary of Modern Colloquial French
652:
1555:
1359:Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
814:Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
642:
432:Right to silence in England and Wales
420:
1261:
1032:In re Hoch, 82 A.3d 1167 (Vt. 2013).
499:adding citations to reliable sources
470:
404:arrest under various jurisdictions.
305:
108:, sometimes it is also done after a
1493:. 22 September 2022. Archived from
865:from the original on 5 August 2012.
695:
647:
425:
325:
295:
13:
1513:
1000:. 6 September 2015. Archived from
918:. IndianKanoon.org. Archived from
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460:
437:behaviour of the arrested person.
395:
14:
1976:
1886:Evidence law in the United States
1533:
1279:University of Akron School of Law
794:Individuals with powers of arrest
400:United States law recognizes the
391:, which apply to constables only.
344:A justice of the peace can issue
300:
1693:
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240:
118:and various other officers have
104:. An arrest is a procedure in a
1487:"DBS checks: detailed guidance"
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1081:Michael Karlik (6 March 2023).
1074:
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1017:
1014:Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1(1968)
486:needs additional citations for
317:arresting a protestor in London
1740:Deferred prosecution agreement
1520:The Future of Getting Arrested
1491:Disclosure and Barring Service
1008:
990:
960:
934:
908:
901:Partridge, Eric and Paul Beale
895:
882:
875:Partridge, Eric and Paul Beale
869:
847:
763:Arbitrary arrest and detention
730:Disclosure and Barring Service
628:
369:(PACE), which only applies to
284:may be entitled to release on
1:
1965:Law enforcement agency powers
1382:Taylor v Thames Valley Police
1105:"Chapter 14 Criminal Justice"
840:
126:is permitted; for example in
1129:"CA Codes (pen:1268-1276.5)"
942:"CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
407:
255:Minor crimes and infractions
226:
161:
7:
1960:Law enforcement terminology
1386:[2004] EWCA Civ 858
735:
334:
145:As a safeguard against the
10:
1981:
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464:
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355:
272:Arrests for serious crimes
22:
15:
1899:
1863:
1855:Presentence investigation
1805:
1710:
1688:
1590:
1281:: 496–498. Archived from
775:(obsolete term in UK law)
1368:20 February 2009 at the
1155:"CA Codes (pen:813-829)"
352:Arrest without a warrant
348:suspects and witnesses.
231:
1262:Katz, Jason M. (2003).
721:collateral consequences
106:criminal justice system
25:Arrest (disambiguation)
1797:Statute of limitations
1592:Criminal investigation
1438:United States v. Plugh
1237:www.wilson-nesbitt.com
1188:www.legislation.gov.uk
799:Law enforcement agency
768:Arrest without warrant
725:criminal record checks
640:
618:
582:
458:
447:
318:
195:
132:committed or be guilty
85:
69:
49:
30:Law enforcement action
1735:Criminal jurisdiction
1219:May 17, 2023, at the
719:For convictions, the
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613:
576:
454:
442:
340:Arrest with a warrant
313:
198:The word "arrest" is
178:after her arrest for
169:
75:
55:
46:Operation Cross Check
38:
18:Nick (disambiguation)
1775:Inquisitorial system
1712:Criminal prosecution
1652:Reasonable suspicion
1627:Exigent circumstance
1548:at Wikimedia Commons
1424:on 27 February 2024.
1418:United States Courts
1093:on 11 December 2023.
1056:www.knowmyrights.org
1004:on 6 September 2015.
664:Non-criminal arrests
495:improve this article
122:. In some places, a
1792:Preliminary hearing
1505:– via gov.uk.
1340:on 12 December 2023
1288:on 11 January 2012.
1194:on 20 February 2009
824:Pre-trial detention
809:Nightwalker statute
702:criminal conviction
315:Metropolitan Police
278:pre-trial detention
68:lying on the ground
1720:Adversarial system
1662:Search and seizure
1632:Knock-and-announce
1583:Criminal procedure
1330:"PACE Code G 2012"
978:on 8 December 2017
773:Arrestable offence
643:Search and seizure
592:Miranda v. Arizona
587:U.S. Supreme Court
583:
421:Warnings on arrest
346:warrants to arrest
319:
259:When there exists
196:
136:indictable offence
98:questioned further
86:
78:United States Army
70:
50:
39:A man arrested by
1942:
1941:
1924:Wikimedia Commons
1871:Criminal defenses
1806:Charges and pleas
1730:Bill of attainder
1667:Search of persons
1544:Media related to
1087:Colorado Politics
861:. 5 August 2012.
690:call of the house
675:contempt of court
653:England and Wales
571:
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306:England and Wales
192:Chicago, Illinois
134:of committing an
128:England and Wales
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326:Northern Ireland
296:Powers of arrest
124:citizen's arrest
120:powers of arrest
112:for the arrest.
43:(ICE) agents in
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1637:Miranda warning
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1585:(investigation)
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1514:Further reading
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819:Police raid
804:Mass arrest
710:expungement
682:legislature
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1949:Categories
1919:WikiSource
1904:Wiktionary
1823:Indictment
1770:Indictment
1758:Grand jury
1701:Law portal
1682:Terry stop
1449:25 January
1363:section 28
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859:archive.vn
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430:See also:
402:common law
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188:Hull House
182:during an
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1914:Wikiquote
1909:Wikibooks
1622:Detention
905:, p. 681.
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748:Handcuffs
629:Hong Kong
445:evidence.
408:Hong Kong
282:defendant
227:Procedure
174:activist
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1881:Evidence
1366:Archived
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736:See also
684:lacks a
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551:May 2019
510:"Arrest"
335:Scotland
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1955:Arrests
1677:Suspect
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712:or (in
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680:If a
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232:India
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1845:Plea
1725:Bail
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1469:Clic
1451:2019
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