132:
started preparing to attack the
Persians. Ariaeus was immediately sent to assuage the Greeks. Ariaeus told the Greeks that only Clearchus has been killed, for reason of treachery, and tried to persuade them to lay down their arms, which the Greeks were reluctant to do. The surviving Greeks eventually decided to leave the camp and find their way out of Persia and return to Greece. Ariaeus joined Tissaphernes in an unsuccessful pursuit of the Greeks.
124:, promising Artaxerxes he would destroy the Greek troops entirely, persuaded the king to come to terms with Ariaeus, if Ariaeus would help betray the Greeks. Tissaphernes met with Ariaeus and persuaded him to join him, and Tissaphernes and Ariaeus led the Greeks to believe that they and Artaxerxes were willing to make peace with them and lead them to safety. Clearchus, Menon and three other generals (Agis of Arcadia,
160:
to interest him in joining in rebellion against the king. Xenophon says that
Spithridates put his trust in Ariaeus because he had already revolted against the king, which could have been a reference to Ariaeus' involvement in Cyrus the Younger's rebellion against Artaxerxes in 401 BC or perhaps may have suggested that Ariaeus was again in open rebellion.
117:, speaking on behalf of the Greek soldiers, who considered themselves the victors in the battle, sent him a message to offer him the throne of Persia, but he declined. The Greeks then met up with Ariaeus and his Persian troops and they both agreed not to betray each other, and Ariaeus promised to lead them safely out of Persia.
159:
Tithraustes was given
Tissaphernes' former satrapy of Sardis and when Tithraustes left to visit Artaxerxes in the late summer of 395 BC, he left Ariaeus and Passiphernes as generals in charge of Sardis. In the winter of 395-394 BC, Ariaeus was visited there by Spithridates, who may have been trying
131:
At a given signal, the officers and as many of the troops as could be caught were killed and all the generals were captured. They were then taken to
Artaxerxes and killed. Some of the surviving soldiers found their way to the Greek encampment and, in response to their news, the remaining Greeks
94:
Ariaeus appears in historic records in 401 BC, in
Xenophon's description of the events leading up to the Battle of Cunaxa. Xenophon noted that he was a friend of Cyrus and was said to be attracted to young boys, which was why he was an intimate of the young Thessalian general
155:
to discuss important business. Tissaphernes was unsuspicious, leaving behind his bodyguard. When he arrived, he set aside his sword and went into a bath. Ariaeus' men seized him there and sent him to
Tithraustes by covered carriage, where he was soon after beheaded.
113:
As soon as
Ariaeus discovered that Cyrus was slain in battle, he retreated with the surviving Persian troops. After the battle, he offered to wait and return with the surviving Greek soldiers.
444:
Bassett, Sherylee R. "Innocent
Victims or Perjurers Betrayed? The Arrest of the Generals in Xenophon's 'Anabasis,'" The Classical Quarterly, New Series, 52: 2 (2002) pp 447–461
110:, but this is unlikely. This would put him on the right alongside Cyrus, and Xenophon and Diodorus both agree he was on the left, which would have been some distance away.
143:
at that time. Artaxerxes grew angry with
Tissaphernes' incompetence in his battles with the Greeks, perhaps even suspecting him of betrayal, and ordered his vizier
550:
446:
Bigwood, J. M. "The
Ancient Accounts of the Battle of Cunaxa," The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 104, No. 4 (Winter, 1983), pp. 340–357
534:
464:
106:, he was Cyrus' second in command and commanded the left. According to Ctesias, he was alongside Cyrus, when Cyrus succeeded in wounding
519:
495:
504:
575:
570:
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and Proxenus of Boetia) along with 20 officers and some 200 troops later met with Tissaphernes on apparently cordial terms.
135:
Ariaeus is next recorded in 395 BC when he was involved in the assassination of Tissaphernes. Diodorus refers to him as a
481:
Westlake, H. D. "Diodorus and the Expedition of Cyrus," Phoenix, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Autumn, 1987), pp. 241–254
560:
555:
147:
to kill him. Ariaeus was ordered to assist. So Ariaeus invited Tissaphernes to visit him at his residence in
565:
448:
Brown, Truesdell S. "Menon of Thessaly" Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 35:4 (1986) pp 387–404
139:, which is probably a mistake, since he appeared to be reporting to Tissaphernes, who was the satrap of
491:
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Cambridge Ancient History, Vol 6: The Fourth Century BC, Cambridge UP, 1994, pp 71 & 78-79
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19:"Aridaeus" redirects here. For the genus of beetles, see
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An Historical Commentary on the "Hellenica Oxyrhynchia,"
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Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
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82:and later was involved in the assassination of
479:, Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1995, p 206
460:A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire
344:Diodorus, XIV.80.8 & Polyaenus, VIII.16
16:Persian Achaemenid general (fl. 401–394 BC)
551:Military leaders of the Achaemenid Empire
490:
497:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 4
543:
462:, Trans. W.J. Vogelsang, Brill, 1989
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214:Bigwood, p 347 & Westlake, p 250
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477:Xenophon: Hellenika II.3.11-IV.2.8
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74:general who fought alongside
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402:XIV.26.1-5 & XIV.80.6-8
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522:, C. H. Oldfather's trans
520:Diodorus Siculus Book XIV
311:Cambridge Ancient History
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454:Cambridge UP, 1967, p 92
384:Grote, pp 373 & 384
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70:401 BC – 394 BC) was a
432:I.8-II.6 & III.5;
561:4th-century BC deaths
556:5th-century BC births
531:, R. Shepherd's trans
516:, H. G. Dakyns' trans
507:, H. G. Dakyns' trans
405:Hellenica Oxyrhynchia
400:Bibliotheca historica
44:Years of service
467:, Ed. William Smith.
335:Diodorus, XIV.80.6-7
179:II.1.5 & II.6.28
566:Anabasis (Xenophon)
537:, John Dryden trans
505:Xenophon's Anabasis
500:. pp. 405–406.
494:(1986). "ARIAEUS".
413:Life of Artaxerxes
275:Diodorus, XIV.26.5
203:Life of Artaxerxes
126:Socrates of Achaea
528:Stratagems of War
471:History of Greece
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322:Xenophon,
313:, pp 78-79
301:II.5.35-42
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108:Artaxerxes
513:Hellenica
434:Hellenica
417:Polyaenus
364:Hellenica
324:Hellenica
227:, I.9.31.
164:Footnotes
115:Clearchus
436:IV.1.27
430:Anabasis
426:Xenophon
423:VIII, 16
410:Plutarch
407:19(22).3
326:III.4.25
299:Anabasis
286:Anabasis
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251:Anabasis
240:II.1.3-5
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177:Anabasis
149:Colossae
366:IV.1.27
153:Phrygia
102:At the
78:at the
72:Persian
64:Ariaeus
30:Ariaeus
266:II.2.8
253:II.2.1
141:Sardis
137:satrap
47:401 BC
39:394 BC
205:XVIII
192:I.8.5
97:Menon
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36:Died
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