1722:
393:Āpastamba used a hermeneutic strategy to assert that the Vedas once contained all knowledge including that of ideal Dharma, but parts of Vedas have been lost. Human customs developed from the original complete Vedas, but given the lost text, one must use customs between good people as a source to infer what the original Vedas might have stated the Dharma to be. This theory, called the ‘lost Veda’ theory, made the study of customs of good people as a source of dharma and guide to proper living, states Olivelle.
151:
implies that
Brahmanical ideas had established themselves or emerged in the south by the 1st millennium BCE. According to Olivelle, the Yajurveda schools may have been in what is north India today, and the Apastamba Dharmasutra may have been composed in north India, rather than south. In contrast, Robert Lingat states that epigraphical evidence such as the Pallava inscriptions confirm that Apastamba tradition existed in South India, in ancient times, in parts of what became
3028:
3038:
3017:
1468:
3048:
1460:
159:
such as
Hopkins, assert that all this can be explained to be an artifact of its relatively remote geographical origins in Andhra region. Olivelle, and several other scholars, in contrast, state that the first version of Apastamba Dharmasutra may have been composed after others, but the extant version of the Apastamba text is the oldest Dharma text from ancient India.
562:
Haradatta's commentary on
Apastamba Dharmasutra was criticized by Boehtlingk in 1885 for lacking "European critical attitude", a view that modern scholars such as Patrick Olivelle have called unjustified and erroneous because Haradatta was a very careful commentator, far more than Boehtlingk and many
150:
refers to it too, and he is generally placed in northwest Indian subcontinent. Olivelle states that the three
Taittiriya school Dharmasutras mention practices of north and south, but never clarify how far north or south they are referring to, but placing Dharmasutras in the southern Indian peninsula
158:
Kane estimated that
Apastamba Dharmasutra dates from approximately 600-300 BCE, and later more narrowly to between 450 and 350 BCE. Lingat states that the internal evidence within the text hints of great antiquity, because unlike later Dharma texts, it makes no mention of Buddhism. Other scholars,
389:
in Hindu traditions. Āpastamba also asserts in verses 2.29.11-15 a broad minded and liberal view, states
Olivelle, that "aspects of dharma not taught in Dharmasastras can be learned from women and people of all classes". The Apastamba Dharmasutra also recognizes property rights of women, and her
133:. According to the Hindu tradition, Apastamba was the student of Baudhayana, and himself had a student named Hiranyakesin. Each of the three founded a Vedic school, and each of their schools produced a collection of literature within the Krishna Yajurveda tradition, one that included separate
390:
ability to inherit wealth from her parents. Sita
Anantha Raman notes, "As a southerner from Andhra, Āpastamba was familiar with southern customs, including matriliny. He gave importance to the 'married pair' (ĀDS 2.1.7-10) who performed Vedic rites together for the prosperity of the family."
377:
or mutually agreed and accepted customs of practice first. Āpastamba proposes that scriptures alone cannot be source of Law (dharma), and dharma has an empirical nature. Āpastamba asserts that it is difficult to find absolute sources of law, in ancient books or current people, according to
537:
79:. One of the best preserved ancient texts on Dharma, it is also notable for mentioning and citing views of ten ancient experts on Dharma, which has led scholars to conclude that there existed a rich genre of Dharmasutras text in ancient India before this text was composed.
137:
compilations. They were founders of their traditions, but it is unclear if they authored the
Dharmasutras. It is, states Patrick Olivelle, possible that the Apastamba Dharmasutra is ascribed to Apastamba, but actually composed by others in his school.
145:
is between
Godavari and Krishna rivers, but this is not certain. The verse 2.17.17 of the Apastamba Dharmasutra mentions a practice of "northerners" but it in unclear what "north" means in the context it is used. Further, the ancient grammarian
1142:
187:
is a
Shulbasutra (mathematics for altar building). The text is systematically arranged, cross references to other sections of the Kalpasutra compilation so extensively and accurately, as if it is the work of a single author.
162:
Regardless of the relative chronology, the ancient Apastamba Dharmasutra, states Olivelle, shows clear signs of a maturing legal procedure tradition and that there were Dharma texts in ancient India before it was composed.
429:
559:' has survived into the modern era. Haradatta, possibly from South India and one who lived in 12th- or 13th-century commented on the praśnas of Āpastamba Gṛhyasūtra as well as Gautama's Dharmasūtra.
647:
645:
642:
382:, with "The Righteous (dharma) and the Unrighteous (adharma) do not go around saying, 'here we are!'; Nor do gods, Gandharvas or ancestors declare, 'This is righteous and that is unrighteous'."
385:
Most laws are based on agreement between the Aryas, states Āpastamba, on what is right and what is wrong. Laws must also change with ages, states Āpastamba, a theory that became known as
278:
Wedding, rites, sex, food, respect for guests, post-school studies, charity, lawful occupations, remarriage, child custody, responsibilities to daughters and sons, inheritance
3686:
3651:
318:
Sexual misconduct, punishment for rape, adultery, levirate rules, crime and punishment, property rights, court system, rules of witnesses, final steps in the study of law
421:
235:
Student at school, dress and cleanliness, residency, code of conduct, food, social classes, general rules, conduct towards teacher and teacher's family, end of school
183:
are about Shrautasutras (vedic rituals), 25th is an ancillary mantra section, 26th and 27th are Grihyasutras (householder rites of passage), and the last or the 30th
1158:
Increase the measure by its third and this third by its own fourth, less the thirty-fourth part of that fourth. This is the value with a special quantity in excess.
3838:
3388:
654:, pp. 19–22, Quote: The dharma-sutra of Apastamba suggests that a rich literature on dharma already existed. He cites ten authors by name. (...)..
3663:
191:
Of the two books of this Dharmasūtra, the first is devoted to the student tradition and the second book is devoted to the householder tradition.
532:{\displaystyle 1+{\frac {1}{3}}+{\frac {1}{3\times 4}}-{\frac {1}{3\times 4\times 34}}={\frac {577}{408}}=1.41421{\overline {56862745098039}}.}
3084:
423:
in his which is correct up to five decimal places. Apastamba in his Sulbasutras provide approximate value of square root of 2 as follows:
1179:
3818:
3710:
3605:
3780:
3833:
1409:
3843:
3785:
1449:
1382:
1361:
1340:
1319:
1298:
1277:
1212:
1082:
1055:
3358:
2113:
3828:
3338:
1228:
Olivelle, Patrick (1999). "Sanskrit Commentators and the Transmission of Texts: Haradatta on Āpastamba Dharmasūtra".
1072:
2945:
3077:
1119:
3578:
2933:
2464:
3813:
3428:
3182:
3051:
2762:
3222:
3101:
2891:
175:(प्रश्न, portions, issue, questions) of Apastamba Kalpasutra. The Apastamba Dharmasutra is the 28th and 29th
255:
Law, trade, outcaste as a form of punishment for evil acts, penances, self-knowledge, graduation ceremonies
3803:
2940:
3823:
3808:
3070:
2955:
3864:
3318:
2982:
2474:
2051:
1507:
1480:
3328:
3002:
1928:
1442:
773:
17:
1581:
3618:
3484:
3333:
2796:
2454:
2378:
2084:
1866:
1841:
1414:
1404:
1616:
662:
660:
3744:
3626:
3217:
2632:
2492:
2163:
1703:
1646:
402:
2527:
3765:
3692:
2975:
2928:
2138:
1861:
1171:
657:
3505:
1427:
44:
that have survived into the modern age from the 1st millennium BCE. It is one of three extant
3622:
3614:
2997:
2950:
2923:
2886:
2143:
2459:
3704:
3415:
3383:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2881:
2358:
1851:
1836:
1488:
1435:
288:
Family customs, regional customs, death in family, duties to ancestors, monthly offerings
8:
3770:
3739:
3547:
3533:
3470:
3363:
3308:
3303:
3257:
3207:
3020:
2987:
2866:
2757:
2692:
2542:
2401:
2281:
2153:
1981:
1918:
1871:
1400:
33:
1670:
1530:
245:
Responsibility of the teacher, Veda studies, duty to teach, purification, rules on food
3272:
3093:
2822:
2781:
2073:
1886:
1831:
1245:
2046:
2021:
3775:
3657:
3477:
3252:
3247:
3121:
3037:
3031:
2911:
2901:
2767:
2702:
2095:
2036:
1891:
1881:
1378:
1357:
1336:
1315:
1294:
1273:
1249:
1208:
1078:
1051:
152:
2502:
1552:
1143:"Ancient Indian Rope Geometry in the Classroom - Approximating the Square Root of 2"
3491:
3373:
3343:
3313:
2772:
2682:
2573:
2173:
2168:
2133:
2108:
1994:
1951:
1638:
1498:
1237:
1111:
379:
3456:
3227:
1956:
1421:
1286:
666:
3698:
3645:
3573:
3519:
3368:
3237:
3041:
2906:
2859:
2841:
2791:
2725:
2707:
2650:
2600:
2419:
2323:
2196:
2158:
2128:
1966:
1856:
1695:
1688:
1535:
1372:
1351:
1330:
1309:
1288:
1267:
1202:
1045:
785:
630:
134:
3277:
3197:
1621:
373:
is notable for placing the importance of the Veda scriptures second and that of
3669:
3589:
3526:
3449:
3435:
3353:
3348:
3282:
3126:
2876:
2812:
2655:
1999:
1876:
1846:
1681:
142:
3177:
1545:
1241:
3858:
3749:
3681:
3610:
3512:
2992:
2896:
2675:
2449:
2187:
2078:
1989:
1923:
3172:
3136:
1178:. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland.
147:
141:
The Apastamba tradition may be from south India, possibly near where modern
3716:
3554:
3498:
3442:
3262:
3242:
3167:
2547:
2512:
2409:
2026:
599:
572:
45:
554:
3722:
3675:
3463:
3409:
3192:
3146:
2854:
2687:
2615:
2605:
2517:
2507:
2482:
2123:
2118:
2009:
1803:
1787:
1730:
1665:
1601:
730:
3421:
3378:
3232:
3212:
3187:
2752:
2720:
2665:
2522:
2231:
2068:
2041:
1823:
1596:
1099:
582:
577:
298:
Stages of life: student, wandering monk, hermit, relative superiority
3540:
3202:
3162:
3062:
2871:
2660:
2610:
2583:
2532:
2497:
2487:
2439:
2338:
2306:
2251:
2148:
2103:
1777:
553:) were written on this Dharmasūtra, but only one by Haradatta named '
396:
308:
King, duties of a king, government, taxes, tax collection, judiciary
130:
49:
1115:
3323:
3287:
3267:
2916:
2735:
2730:
2620:
2557:
2537:
2368:
2204:
2031:
2004:
1971:
1913:
1813:
1808:
1782:
1707:
1591:
1463:
705:
703:
701:
699:
684:
41:
1745:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
3141:
2817:
2670:
2588:
2578:
2353:
2343:
2316:
2311:
2301:
2256:
2241:
2236:
2016:
1961:
1946:
1938:
1905:
1772:
1675:
1650:
1626:
1525:
1515:
1140:
996:
994:
992:
990:
951:
939:
927:
915:
903:
891:
879:
3389:
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize recipients in Mathematical Science
1611:
1467:
867:
833:
831:
829:
761:
720:
718:
696:
667:
Timothy Lubin, Donald R. Davis Jr & Jayanth K. Krishnan 2010
3131:
2849:
2827:
2640:
2593:
2552:
2434:
2424:
2363:
2271:
2214:
2209:
2063:
1750:
1586:
1572:
1557:
1457:
1287:
Timothy Lubin; Donald R. Davis Jr; Jayanth K. Krishnan (2010).
1047:
Jewels of Authority: Women and Textual Tradition in Hindu India
1025:
1006:
843:
549:
126:
37:
987:
975:
963:
816:
814:
812:
797:
751:
749:
747:
745:
2745:
2740:
2444:
2414:
2348:
2328:
2266:
2246:
2219:
2058:
1760:
1660:
1606:
1562:
1540:
1169:
855:
826:
715:
672:
620:
618:
616:
614:
587:
125:
The Dharmasutra is attributed to Apastamba, the founder of a
1074:
Women's Rights and Law Codes in Early India, 600 BCE–570 ACE
2786:
2715:
2697:
2645:
2429:
2373:
2333:
2293:
2276:
2261:
2226:
1655:
1567:
809:
742:
270:
Book 2. Householder life (Book 29 of Apastamba Kalpasutra)
3590:
Infinite series expansions for the trigonometric functions
611:
1459:
1520:
1424:
Georg Bühler, Sacred Books of the East (1879), Volume 2
1311:
Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE
217:
Book 1. Student life (Book 28 of Apastamba Kalpasutra)
109:
for purposes to the detriment of the pupil's studies.
3839:
Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics
3584:
1200:
432:
405:
782:, p. xxviii with note 8, xxx-xxxi with note 10.
1721:
531:
415:
1398:
97:Loving him like a son and totally devoted to him,
82:
3856:
1349:
1328:
1307:
1031:
1019:
1000:
981:
957:
945:
933:
921:
909:
897:
885:
873:
861:
849:
837:
803:
791:
779:
767:
736:
709:
690:
678:
636:
605:
171:The text is in sutra format, and part of thirty
351:ascetics, sudras who work as personal servants,
3078:
1443:
1265:
1170:J J O'Connor; E F Robertson (November 2020).
1100:"On the Origin of the Hindu Terms for "Root""
1043:
820:
755:
724:
651:
624:
95:Next the teacher's conduct towards his pupil.
1332:Dharmasutras: The Law Codes of Ancient India
1141:Cynthia J. Huffman; Scott V. Thuong (2015).
1370:
969:
166:
99:the teacher should impart knowledge to him,
3606:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics
3085:
3071:
1450:
1436:
399:has given a strikingly accurate value for
353:people who are blind, dumb, deaf and sick,
355:anyone excluded from acquiring property.
3834:Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education
1227:
1207:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 72–75.
179:of this compilation, while the first 24
1410:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
1050:. Oxford University Press. p. 39.
14:
3857:
3092:
1194:
563:other 19th-century Orientalists were.
3066:
1431:
1374:Studies in Hindu Law and Dharmaśāstra
1097:
1070:
345:vedic scholars, women of all classes,
343:The following are exempt from taxes:
225:Origins and reliable sources of law
48:texts from the Taittiriya school of
32:(Sanskrit: आपस्तम्ब धर्मसूत्र) is a
3359:Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai
3047:
24:
3819:Institute of Mathematical Sciences
1272:. University of California Press.
1182:from the original on 30 March 2024
1122:from the original on 30 March 2024
1071:Raman, Sita Anantha (2020-04-28).
639:, pp. xxvi–xxvii with note 5.
349:all students studying with a guru,
25:
3876:
3829:Harish-Chandra Research Institute
3339:K. R. Parthasarathy (probabilist)
1392:
1290:Hinduism and Law: An Introduction
1176:www.mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk
1104:The American Mathematical Monthly
794:, pp. 178 with note 28, 186.
363:Apastamba Dharmasutras 2.26.10-17
3046:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3015:
1720:
1466:
1458:
1236:(6). Springer Science: 551–574.
117:Apastamba Dharmasutras 1.8.23-25
103:with respect to any of the Laws.
3016:
1259:
1221:
1204:A Brief History of Dharmaśāstra
1163:
1134:
1091:
1064:
1037:
542:
330:
193:
155:in the colonial British India.
3814:Chennai Mathematical Institute
3183:Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri
2941:Relations with other religions
1418:(discussion of his Sulbasutra)
1293:. Cambridge University Press.
1201:Sures Chandra Banerji (1999).
547:Several ancient commentaries (
105:Except in emergency, moreover,
101:without holding anything back,
83:Authorship, location and dates
13:
1:
1098:Dutta, Bibhutibhusan (1931).
593:
107:he should not employ a pupil,
3804:Indian Statistical Institute
1230:Journal of Indian Philosophy
521:
120:Translator: Patrick Olivelle
7:
3824:Indian Institute of Science
3809:Bhaskaracharya Pratishthana
3687:A. A. Krishnaswamy Ayyangar
3652:Shankar Balakrishna Dikshit
3579:Hindu–Arabic numeral system
1356:. Oxford University Press.
1335:. Oxford University Press.
1314:. Oxford University Press.
608:, p. 178 with note 28.
566:
555:
416:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}
317:
307:
297:
287:
277:
254:
244:
234:
224:
202:
10:
3881:
3319:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
1269:The Classical Law of India
320:
314:
310:
304:
300:
294:
290:
284:
280:
274:
257:
251:
247:
241:
237:
231:
227:
221:
205:
199:
3794:
3758:
3732:
3636:
3598:
3564:
3401:
3329:Veeravalli S. Varadarajan
3296:
3155:
3109:
3100:
3013:
2840:
2805:
2631:
2566:
2473:
2400:
2393:
2292:
2195:
2186:
2094:
1980:
1937:
1904:
1822:
1796:
1768:
1759:
1738:
1729:
1718:
1637:
1506:
1497:
1476:
1350:Patrick Olivelle (2005).
1329:Patrick Olivelle (1999).
1308:Patrick Olivelle (2006).
269:
265:
216:
212:
3745:Henry Thomas Colebrooke
3334:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
2085:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
1415:University of St Andrews
1077:. Taylor & Francis.
167:Organization and content
58:Hiranyakesin Dharmasutra
3218:Mādhava of Saṅgamagrāma
2164:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
1405:"Apastamba Dharmasutra"
1242:10.1023/a:1004636609126
739:, p. xxvii-xxviii.
195:Apastamba Dharmasutras
71:collection, along with
2139:Eighteen Greater Texts
1266:Robert Lingat (1973).
1044:Laurie Patton (2002).
533:
417:
358:
338:Who doesn't pay taxes?
112:
73:Apastamba Shrautasutra
54:Baudhayana Dharmasutra
52:, the other two being
36:and one of the oldest
3429:Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta
2892:Hindu gurus and sants
2144:Eighteen Lesser Texts
1032:Patrick Olivelle 2006
1020:Patrick Olivelle 1999
1001:Patrick Olivelle 1999
982:Patrick Olivelle 1999
958:Patrick Olivelle 1999
946:Patrick Olivelle 1999
934:Patrick Olivelle 1999
922:Patrick Olivelle 1999
910:Patrick Olivelle 1999
898:Patrick Olivelle 1999
886:Patrick Olivelle 1999
874:Patrick Olivelle 1999
862:Patrick Olivelle 1999
850:Patrick Olivelle 1999
838:Patrick Olivelle 1999
804:Patrick Olivelle 2005
792:Patrick Olivelle 2006
780:Patrick Olivelle 1999
768:Patrick Olivelle 1999
737:Patrick Olivelle 1999
710:Patrick Olivelle 1999
691:Patrick Olivelle 1999
679:Patrick Olivelle 1999
637:Patrick Olivelle 1999
606:Patrick Olivelle 2006
534:
418:
371:Āpastamba Dharmasutra
335:
87:
77:Apastamba Grihyasutra
65:Apastamba Dharmasutra
29:Āpastamba Dharmasūtra
3705:T. A. Saraswati Amma
3416:Bakhshali manuscript
3384:Kannan Soundararajan
2882:Anti-Hindu sentiment
1401:Robertson, Edmund F.
1371:Ludo Rocher (2014).
430:
403:
203:Topics (incomplete)
69:Apastamba Kalpasutra
3781:Islamic mathematics
3740:Walter Eugene Clark
3534:Vasishtha Siddhanta
3506:Siddhānta Shiromani
3485:Paitamaha Siddhanta
3364:Tilak Raj Prabhakar
3309:Satyendra Nath Bose
3304:Srinivasa Ramanujan
3258:Nilakantha Somayaji
2988:Hinduism by country
2154:Iraiyanar Akapporul
2114:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
1399:O'Connor, John J.;
972:, pp. 361–386.
693:, p. xxv-xxvi.
347:pre-pubescent boys,
196:
90:Duties of a teacher
3273:Gangesha Upadhyaya
3094:Indian mathematics
1353:Manu's Code of Law
821:Robert Lingat 1973
756:Robert Lingat 1973
725:Robert Lingat 1973
652:Robert Lingat 1973
625:Robert Lingat 1973
529:
413:
194:
129:(Vedic school) of
40:-related texts of
3852:
3851:
3658:Sudhakara Dvivedi
3478:Paulisa Siddhanta
3397:
3396:
3253:Jagannatha Samrat
3248:Achyuta Pisharati
3060:
3059:
2836:
2835:
2389:
2388:
2182:
2181:
2096:Sangam literature
2052:Yājñavalkya Smṛti
1900:
1899:
1716:
1715:
1384:978-1-78308-315-2
1363:978-0-19-517146-4
1342:978-0-19-283882-7
1321:978-0-19-977507-1
1300:978-1-139-49358-1
1279:978-0-520-01898-3
1214:978-81-7017-370-0
1084:978-0-429-53568-0
1057:978-0-19-535064-7
960:, pp. 70–73.
948:, pp. 68–70.
936:, pp. 65–68.
924:, pp. 58–65.
912:, pp. 43–58.
900:, pp. 31–43.
888:, pp. 16–31.
727:, pp. 21–22.
524:
508:
495:
468:
447:
411:
328:
327:
324:
323:
261:
260:
153:Madras Presidency
50:Krishna Yajurveda
16:(Redirected from
3872:
3492:Romaka Siddhanta
3374:Akshay Venkatesh
3344:M. S. Narasimhan
3314:P.C. Mahalanobis
3107:
3106:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3050:
3049:
3040:
3030:
3029:
3019:
3018:
2929:Pilgrimage sites
2683:Ganesh Chaturthi
2398:
2397:
2193:
2192:
2174:Vedarthasamgraha
2169:Vinayagar Agaval
2134:Five Great Epics
2109:Divya Prabandham
2022:Minor Upanishads
1766:
1765:
1736:
1735:
1724:
1723:
1504:
1503:
1470:
1462:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1429:
1428:
1417:
1388:
1377:. Anthem Press.
1367:
1346:
1325:
1304:
1283:
1254:
1253:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1004:
998:
985:
979:
973:
970:Ludo Rocher 2014
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
876:, pp. 7–16.
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
824:
818:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
740:
734:
728:
722:
713:
712:, p. xxvii.
707:
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
655:
649:
640:
634:
628:
622:
609:
603:
558:
538:
536:
535:
530:
525:
517:
509:
501:
496:
494:
474:
469:
467:
453:
448:
440:
422:
420:
419:
414:
412:
407:
380:Patrick Olivelle
365:
315:2.26.18-2.29.15
267:
266:
214:
213:
197:
121:
21:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3796:
3790:
3754:
3728:
3699:C. T. Rajagopal
3646:Bapudeva Sastri
3638:
3632:
3594:
3574:Brahmi numerals
3566:
3560:
3520:Surya Siddhanta
3393:
3369:Manjul Bhargava
3292:
3151:
3096:
3091:
3061:
3056:
3023:
3009:
2832:
2801:
2792:Vasant Panchami
2726:Pahela Baishakh
2708:Makar Sankranti
2627:
2562:
2469:
2385:
2288:
2178:
2159:Abhirami Antati
2129:Kamba Ramayanam
2090:
1976:
1933:
1896:
1818:
1792:
1755:
1725:
1712:
1696:Vishishtadvaita
1633:
1493:
1472:
1456:
1395:
1385:
1364:
1343:
1322:
1301:
1280:
1262:
1257:
1226:
1222:
1215:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1168:
1164:
1151:
1149:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1116:10.2307/2300909
1096:
1092:
1085:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1022:, pp. xli.
1018:
1007:
999:
988:
980:
976:
968:
964:
956:
952:
944:
940:
932:
928:
920:
916:
908:
904:
896:
892:
884:
880:
872:
868:
860:
856:
848:
844:
836:
827:
819:
810:
802:
798:
790:
786:
778:
774:
770:, p. xxxi.
766:
762:
754:
743:
735:
731:
723:
716:
708:
697:
689:
685:
677:
673:
665:
658:
650:
643:
635:
631:
623:
612:
604:
600:
596:
569:
545:
516:
500:
478:
473:
457:
452:
439:
431:
428:
427:
406:
404:
401:
400:
367:
360:
357:
354:
352:
350:
348:
346:
344:
333:
305:2.25.1-2.26.17
295:2.21.1-2.24.14
285:2.15.1-2.20.23
252:1.20.1-1.32-29
242:1.7.31-1.19.15
207:
169:
123:
119:
114:
111:
108:
106:
104:
102:
100:
98:
96:
85:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3878:
3868:
3867:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3670:P. C. Sengupta
3667:
3661:
3655:
3649:
3642:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3527:Tantrasamgraha
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3450:Karanapaddhati
3446:
3439:
3436:Ganita Kaumudi
3432:
3425:
3418:
3413:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3354:Harish-Chandra
3351:
3349:C. S. Seshadri
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3283:Sankara Variar
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3104:
3102:Mathematicians
3098:
3097:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3034:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2846:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2658:
2656:Raksha Bandhan
2653:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2201:
2199:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1867:Shvetashvatara
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1842:Brihadaranyaka
1839:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1739:Classification
1733:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1394:
1393:External links
1391:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1368:
1362:
1347:
1341:
1326:
1320:
1305:
1299:
1284:
1278:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1220:
1213:
1193:
1162:
1133:
1110:(7): 371–376.
1090:
1083:
1063:
1056:
1036:
1034:, p. 180.
1024:
1005:
1003:, pp. xl.
986:
974:
962:
950:
938:
926:
914:
902:
890:
878:
866:
854:
852:, p. 4-6.
842:
825:
808:
796:
784:
772:
760:
741:
729:
714:
695:
683:
671:
656:
641:
629:
610:
597:
595:
592:
591:
590:
585:
580:
575:
568:
565:
544:
541:
540:
539:
528:
523:
520:
519:56862745098039
515:
512:
507:
504:
499:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
477:
472:
466:
463:
460:
456:
451:
446:
443:
438:
435:
410:
341:
334:
332:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
319:
316:
312:
311:
309:
306:
302:
301:
299:
296:
292:
291:
289:
286:
282:
281:
279:
276:
275:2.1.1-2.14.20
272:
271:
263:
262:
259:
258:
256:
253:
249:
248:
246:
243:
239:
238:
236:
233:
229:
228:
226:
223:
219:
218:
210:
209:
204:
201:
168:
165:
143:Andhra Pradesh
93:
86:
84:
81:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3877:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:Other regions
3757:
3751:
3750:David Pingree
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3664:M. Rangacarya
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3637:Historians of
3635:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3611:Jantar Mantar
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Mahendra Sūri
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3053:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3012:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2993:Hindu temples
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2897:Hindu studies
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Denominations
2865:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2676:Vijayadashami
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
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1021:
1016:
1014:
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997:
995:
993:
991:
984:, p. 70.
983:
978:
971:
966:
959:
954:
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935:
930:
923:
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894:
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858:
851:
846:
839:
834:
832:
830:
823:, p. 21.
822:
817:
815:
813:
806:, p. 44.
805:
800:
793:
788:
781:
776:
769:
764:
758:, p. 22.
757:
752:
750:
748:
746:
738:
733:
726:
721:
719:
711:
706:
704:
702:
700:
692:
687:
681:, p. 17.
680:
675:
669:, p. 38.
668:
663:
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648:
646:
638:
633:
627:, p. 20.
626:
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232:1.1.4-1.7.30
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43:
39:
35:
34:Sanskrit text
31:
30:
19:
3865:Dharmaśāstra
3797:institutions
3717:K. S. Shukla
3689:(1892– 1953)
3555:Yavanajataka
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3513:Śulba Sūtras
3511:
3504:
3499:Sadratnamala
3497:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3443:Kanakkusaram
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3408:
3278:Varāhamihira
3243:Parameshvara
3198:Govindasvāmi
3168:Āryabhaṭa II
3116:
3003:Architecture
2606:Brahmacharya
2548:Samavartanam
2513:Annaprashana
2379:
2282:
2083:
2037:Dharmaśāstra
2027:Arthashastra
1862:Maitrayaniya
1694:
1687:
1680:
1602:Brahmacharya
1408:
1373:
1352:
1331:
1310:
1289:
1268:
1260:Bibliography
1233:
1229:
1223:
1203:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1175:
1165:
1157:
1150:. Retrieved
1146:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1107:
1103:
1093:
1073:
1066:
1046:
1039:
1027:
977:
965:
953:
941:
929:
917:
905:
893:
881:
869:
864:, p. 7.
857:
845:
840:, p. 3.
799:
787:
775:
763:
732:
686:
674:
632:
601:
573:Arthashastra
561:
548:
546:
543:Commentaries
395:
392:
386:
384:
375:samayacarika
374:
370:
368:
362:
359:
342:
337:
336:
331:Significance
190:
184:
180:
176:
172:
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161:
157:
140:
124:
116:
113:
94:
89:
88:
76:
72:
68:
64:
62:
57:
53:
46:Dharmasutras
28:
27:
26:
3733:Translators
3725:(1919–2005)
3723:K. V. Sarma
3719:(1918–2007)
3713:(1918–1992)
3707:(1918–2000)
3701:(1903–1978)
3695:(1901–1954)
3693:A. N. Singh
3678:(1888–1958)
3676:B. B. Datta
3672:(1876–1962)
3666:(1861–1916)
3660:(1855–1910)
3654:(1853–1898)
3648:(1821–1900)
3639:mathematics
3583:Symbol for
3567:innovations
3464:Lokavibhaga
3410:Aryabhatiya
3208:Jyeṣṭhadeva
3193:Brahmagupta
3178:Bhāskara II
3163:Āryabhaṭa I
3147:Yajnavalkya
3052:WikiProject
2924:Persecution
2912:Nationalism
2902:Iconography
2782:Ratha Yatra
2693:Janmashtami
2688:Rama Navami
2616:Vanaprastha
2567:Varnashrama
2543:Ritushuddhi
2528:Vidyarambha
2518:Chudakarana
2508:Nishkramana
2483:Garbhadhana
2124:Thirukkural
2119:Thiruppugal
2047:Nāradasmṛti
2010:Mahabharata
1788:Atharvaveda
1666:Vaisheshika
1553:Puruṣārthas
1172:"Apastamba"
1147:www.maa.org
387:Yuga dharma
206:Translation
67:is part of
3682:T. Hayashi
3565:Pioneering
3548:Yuktibhāṣā
3471:Pātīgaṇita
3422:Bijaganita
3379:Ravi Vakil
3233:Munishvara
3213:Kamalakara
3188:Brahmadeva
3173:Bhāskara I
3122:Baudhayana
2753:Kumbh Mela
2721:Gudi Padwa
2666:Durga Puja
2651:Shivaratri
2523:Karnavedha
2503:Namakarana
2465:Tirthatana
2232:Dattatreya
2069:Subhashita
2042:Manusmriti
1919:Dhanurveda
1852:Taittiriya
1837:Kaushitaki
1824:Upanishads
1597:Aparigraha
1499:Philosophy
594:References
583:Upanishads
578:Manusmriti
135:Kalpasutra
3711:S. N. Sen
3619:New Delhi
3541:Veṇvāroha
3402:Treatises
3203:Halayudha
3156:Classical
3127:Katyayana
3117:Apastamba
2976:Theosophy
2907:Mythology
2887:Criticism
2855:Etymology
2813:Svādhyāya
2712:New Year
2661:Navaratri
2633:Festivals
2611:Grihastha
2584:Kshatriya
2558:Antyeshti
2533:Upanayana
2498:Jatakarma
2488:Pumsavana
2475:Sanskaras
2440:Naivedhya
2394:Practices
2339:Mahavidya
2307:Saraswati
2294:Goddesses
2252:Kartikeya
2149:Athichudi
2104:Tirumurai
1957:Vyākaraṇa
1924:Natyaveda
1872:Chandogya
1797:Divisions
1778:Yajurveda
1422:Apastamba
1250:189820541
522:¯
489:×
483:×
471:−
462:×
397:Apastamba
208:Comments
131:Yajurveda
18:Apastamba
3859:Category
3627:Varanasi
3585:zero (0)
3457:Līlāvatī
3324:C.R. Rao
3288:Virasena
3268:Sridhara
3238:Narayana
3223:Mahāvīra
3032:Category
2983:Glossary
2951:Buddhism
2917:Hindutva
2877:Calendar
2758:Haridwar
2736:Vaisakhi
2731:Puthandu
2621:Sannyasa
2538:Keshanta
2369:Shashthi
2205:Trimurti
2032:Nitisara
2005:Ramayana
2000:Itihasas
1972:Jyotisha
1914:Ayurveda
1906:Upavedas
1887:Mandukya
1832:Aitareya
1814:Aranyaka
1809:Brahmana
1783:Samaveda
1708:Charvaka
1508:Concepts
1489:Timeline
1481:Glossary
1464:Hinduism
1186:30 March
1180:Archived
1152:30 March
1126:30 March
1120:Archived
567:See also
222:1.1.1-3
200:Chapter
181:prashnas
173:prashnas
42:Hinduism
3766:Babylon
3599:Centres
3263:Śrīpati
3142:Pingala
3110:Ancient
3021:Outline
2971:Sikhism
2966:Judaism
2961:Jainism
2842:Related
2818:Namaste
2671:Ramlila
2601:Ashrama
2589:Vaishya
2579:Brahmin
2402:Worship
2354:Rukmini
2344:Matrika
2317:Parvati
2312:Lakshmi
2302:Tridevi
2257:Krishna
2242:Hanuman
2237:Ganesha
2188:Deities
2074:Tantras
2064:Stotras
2017:Puranas
1962:Nirukta
1952:Chandas
1947:Shiksha
1939:Vedanga
1892:Prashna
1882:Mundaka
1804:Samhita
1773:Rigveda
1704:Nāstika
1689:Advaita
1676:Vedanta
1671:Mīmāṃsā
1651:Samkhya
1639:Schools
1627:Akrodha
1546:Saṃsāra
1526:Ishvara
1516:Brahman
556:Ujjvalā
514:1.41421
185:prashna
177:prashna
3795:Modern
3786:Europe
3776:Greece
3623:Ujjain
3615:Jaipur
3297:Modern
3137:Pāṇini
3132:Manava
3042:Portal
2946:Baháʼí
2850:Hindus
2828:Tilaka
2797:Others
2773:Ujjain
2768:Prayag
2763:Nashik
2703:Pongal
2641:Diwali
2594:Shudra
2553:Vivaha
2460:Dhyāna
2435:Bhajan
2425:Bhakti
2410:Temple
2364:Shakti
2272:Varuna
2215:Vishnu
2210:Brahma
2059:Sutras
1995:Agamas
1751:Smriti
1682:Dvaita
1647:Āstika
1592:Asteya
1587:Ahimsa
1573:Moksha
1558:Dharma
1471:topics
1381:
1360:
1339:
1318:
1297:
1276:
1248:
1211:
1081:
1054:
550:bhasya
148:Panini
127:Shakha
38:Dharma
3771:China
2956:Islam
2934:India
2823:Bindi
2806:Other
2746:Ugadi
2741:Vishu
2574:Varna
2455:Tapas
2445:Yajna
2415:Murti
2349:Radha
2329:Durga
2324:Bhumi
2267:Surya
2247:Indra
2220:Shiva
1982:Other
1967:Kalpa
1857:Katha
1761:Vedas
1746:Śruti
1731:Texts
1661:Nyaya
1617:Damah
1607:Satya
1563:Artha
1541:Karma
1531:Atman
1485:Index
1246:S2CID
588:Vedas
3844:TIFR
2998:List
2860:List
2787:Teej
2716:Bihu
2698:Onam
2646:Holi
2450:Homa
2430:Japa
2420:Puja
2380:more
2374:Sita
2359:Sati
2334:Kali
2283:more
2277:Vayu
2262:Rama
2227:Agni
2197:Gods
1877:Kena
1847:Isha
1656:Yoga
1622:Dayā
1612:Dāna
1582:Niti
1568:Kama
1536:Maya
1379:ISBN
1358:ISBN
1337:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1295:ISBN
1274:ISBN
1209:ISBN
1188:2024
1154:2024
1128:2024
1079:ISBN
1052:ISBN
369:The
75:and
63:The
56:and
2872:Law
1238:doi
1112:doi
506:408
503:577
3861::
3625:,
3621:,
3617:,
1706::
1649::
1521:Om
1413:,
1407:,
1403:,
1244:.
1234:27
1232:.
1174:.
1156:.
1145:.
1118:.
1108:38
1106:.
1102:.
1008:^
989:^
828:^
811:^
744:^
717:^
698:^
659:^
644:^
613:^
492:34
361:—
115:—
60:.
3629:)
3613:(
3086:e
3079:t
3072:v
1451:e
1444:t
1437:v
1387:.
1366:.
1345:.
1324:.
1303:.
1282:.
1252:.
1240::
1217:.
1190:.
1130:.
1114::
1087:.
1060:.
527:.
511:=
498:=
486:4
480:3
476:1
465:4
459:3
455:1
450:+
445:3
442:1
437:+
434:1
409:2
20:)
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