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1036:. Mummification was prohibited by law in the fourth century A.D., and so the remains of deceased Christians were dressed in tunics and swaddled with other textiles before being buried. Gayet's findings give researchers a better understanding of early Christian burial practices and his preservation of artistic textiles found at the site show the evolving Coptic style. The transformation of style was the canonical art of ancient Egypt infused with Classical and then Christian art.
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149:
1028:, Gayet's report sheds a greater light on the ancient city. As Christianity began to spread through the Roman Empire, Antinoöpolis became a place of worship. Centuries after the city of Antinoüs was established by the Roman emperor, Christianity became the way of life. The city was home to many nuns and monks and Christian sanctuaries were built. Many came to venerate saints, such as Claudius and
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447:. Hadrian also had political motives for the creation of Antinoöpolis, which was to be the first Hellenic city in the Middle Nile region, thus serving as a bastion of Greek culture within the Egyptian area. To encourage Egyptians to integrate with this imported Greek culture, he permitted Greeks and Egyptians in the city to marry and allowed the main deity of Hir-we,
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474:, they would be held annually for several centuries, being noted as the most important in Egypt. Events included athletic competitions, chariot and equestrian races, and artistic and musical festivals, with prizes including citizenship, money, tokens, and free lifetime maintenance. Divine honours were paid in the
820:
As far as can be ascertained from the space covered with mounds of masonry, Antinoöpolis was about a mile and a half in length, and nearly half a mile broad. The remains of the city, having a three and a half mile circumference, suggests Roman and
Hellenistic foundations and was surrounded by a brick
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of Antinoöpolis. The ruins of Antinoöpolis attest, by the area which they fill, the ancient grandeur of the city. The direction of the principal streets may still be traced. The streets were built on a grid plan with roads intersecting at right angles, like the majority of Roman cities at this time,
535:
temple until the 19th century, when it was destroyed to feed a cement works. Over the centuries, stone from the
Hadrianic city was removed for the construction of homes and mosques. By the 18th century, the ruins of Antinopolis were still visible, being recorded by such European travellers as Jesuit
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found that the streets were divided into quarters and blocks, with each building being conveniently numbered. One at least of them, which ran from north to south, had on either side of it a corridor supported by columns for the convenience of foot-passengers. The walls of the theatre near the
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Today, Antinoöpolis is the site of El Sheikh Ibada, a small village. Many of the original buildings have been broken down for materials to build newer structures, such as sugar factories for El-Rodah, but visitors can still see the remains of the Roman Circus and ruins of a few temples. Some
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southern gate, and those of the hippodrome without the walls to the east, are still extant. At the north-western extremity of the city was a portico, of which four columns remain, inscribed to Good
Fortune, and bearing the date of the 14th and last year of the reign of
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Albert Gayet (1856–1916) was known as the "archaeologist of Antinoöpolis" and, without his extensive research and documentation of the site, very little would be known about this Greco-Roman city. Though there is much data of Antinoöpolis recorded from the
Napoleonic
1032:, and monasteries were abundant. Gayet's findings confirm the wide spread of Christianity. Gayet's excavations have revealed mummies, grave goods, and thousands of fabrics at the site of Antinoöpolis. Gayet uncovered a large cemetery, the burial place of numerous
851:
518:
Antinoöpolis continued to grow into the
Byzantine era, being Christianized with the conversion of the Empire, but retaining an association with magic for centuries to come. As a cultural centre, it was the native city of the 4th-century mathematician
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the surveyor circa 1800. However, in the 19th century, Antinopolis was almost completely destroyed by local industrial production, as the chalk and limestone was burned for powder while stone was used in the construction of a nearby dam and sugar
443:, the city of Antinoöpolis was erected in AD 130 by the emperor Hadrian on the site of Hir-we as the cult centre of the deified Antinoüs. All previous buildings, including a necropolis, were razed and replaced, with the exception of the Temple of
858:
916:
1715:(2014) 'Catalogue of British Museum objects from The Egypt Exploration Fund’s 1913/14 excavation at Antinoupolis (Antinoë),' in Antinoupolis II: Scavi e materiali III, ed. R. Pintaudi, 467–504 (Florence: Istituto papirologico “G. Vitelli,”)
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are a well and tanks appertaining to an ancient road, which leads from the eastern gate to a valley behind the town, ascends the mountains, and, passing through the desert by the Wádee Tarfa, joins the roads to the quarries of the
451:, to continue to be worshipped in Antinoöpolis alongside the new primary deity, Osiris-Antinoüs. He encouraged Greeks from elsewhere to settle in the new city, using various incentives to do so. The city was designed on a
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1076:Εὐψύχι, εὐδαιμόνι - "Farewell, be happy!" Mummy with valedictory inscription and attached funerary portrait, probably from Antinoöpolis. Hadrianic period. Louvre inv. No. AF 6882.
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A small collection of textiles excavated 1913-1914 by John de Monins
Johnson are held in the collections of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
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1809:
1769:
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Hoskins, Nancy A. (2007). "The Coptic
Tapestry Albums and the Archaeologist of Antinoé, Albert Gayet". Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 70–71.
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plan that was typical of
Hellenic cities, and embellished with columns and many statues of Antinoüs, as well as a temple devoted to the deity.
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Waters, Sarah. (1995). "The Most Famous Fairy in
History": Antinous and Homosexual Fantasy." Journal of the History of Sexuality, 194-230.
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lxix. 11; Amm. Marc. xix. 12, xxii. 16; Aur. Vict. Caesar, 14; Spartian. Hadrian. 14; Chron. Pasch. p. 254, Paris edit;
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to Antinoüs as a local deity, and games and chariot-races were annually exhibited in commemoration of his death and of
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326:. Antinoöpolis was built at the foot of the hill upon which Besa was seated. The city is located nearly opposite of
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1567:
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Stillwell, Richard; MacDonald, William L.; McAlister, Marian
Holland (1976). "ANTINOÖPOLIS (Sheikh-'Ibada) Egypt".
470:. Hadrian proclaimed that games would be held at the city in Spring 131 in commemoration of Antinoüs. Known as the
79:
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surveys were made, a theatre, many temples, a triumphal arch, two streets with double colonnades (illustrated in
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1097:
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Painting of a winged female figure from late Roman or early Byzantine Antinoöpolis. Excavated by Albert Gayet (
523:. Antinoöpolis in the 6th century was still a "most illustrious' city in a surviving divorce decree of 569 AD.
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Bell, H. I. (1940)."Antinoopolis: A Hadrianic Foundation in Egypt." The Journal of Roman Studies, 133-47.
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838:
499:
428:
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980:
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1622:, University of London, School of Advanced Study, Institute of Classical Studies, pp. 193–209,
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Wolf Liebeschuetz reflected: Essays presented by Colleagues, Friends, and Pupils BICS Supplement 91
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The city of Antinoöpolis was the centre of the official cult of Antinoüs. The city exhibited the
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Fragment of a cloth from the tomb of Sabina, a 4-5th century woman in Antinoöpolis, showing
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1098:"(still image) Antinoë [Antinoöpolis]. Vue de l'arc de triomphe., (1809 - 1828)"
1701:
1563:
1463:
1343:
681:– from inscriptions (Orelli, No. 4705); and its decrees, as well as those of the
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1488:(2003). Textiles from Coptic Egypt. Indian University Art Museum. Retrieved 10/24/2012
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1011:("lady of Antinoöpolis") mummy with painted shroud, discovered 1909, restored 2008. (
814:
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Cockle, Walter Eric Harold (2005), Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony (eds.),
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where Antinoüs drowned in 130 AD. Antinoöpolis was a little to the south of the
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The city was abandoned around the 10th century. It continued to host a massive
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Pleket, H.W.; Stroud, R.S. "Antinoe? Epitaph of Eudaimonis, 2nd cent. A.D.".
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Antinoë was the seat of a Christian bishop by the 4th century, originally a
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View of the Antinoöpolis ruin-field from the south-west in 1809, from the
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Funerary portrait of a woman. Probably from Antinoöpolis, c. 250–300 AD (
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17:
1640: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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wall on three sides, leaving the fourth side open to the Nile. Near the
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1682:"Antinoopolis." The Global Egyptian Museum. Retrieved 10/24/2012. <
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1100:. The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations
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or president. The senate was chosen from the members of the wards (
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Antinoöpolis: 19th century AD view of the triumphal arch, from
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Various porticoes, a bathhouse, and the main colonnaded street
1588:
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A Checklist of Bishops in Byzantine Egypt (A.D. 325 - c. 750)
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842:), a circus, and a hippodrome nearby, were still to be seen.
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are known to have died here under the orders of the governor
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317:
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View of the Antinoöpolis ruin-field to the southeast in 2007
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The city of Antinoöpolis was governed by its own senate and
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Collections Online, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
1249:, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003. p. 108.
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975:
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785:
448:
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284:) was a city founded at an older Egyptian village by the
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http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/glossary.aspx?id=66
1374:""When sorted and cleaned may prove of great interest""
979:
Funerary portrait of a man. Excavated by Albert Gayet (
1453:. Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10/24/2012.
958:
Plan and elevation of the portico of the Roman theatre
685:, were not, as usual, subject to the revision of the
1261:
Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus
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Column of Alexander Severus and a statue of Antinoüs
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were important deities. A grotto, once inhabited by
263:
1805:
Populated places disestablished in the 10th century
1215:Beloved and God: The Story of Hadrian and Antinous
1096:Digital Collections, The New York Public Library.
922:Plan, elevation, and section of the triumphal arch
1741:
1610:Corcoran, Simon (2007), "Two tales, two cities:
707:(286 AD) Antinoöpolis became the capital of the
1780:Populated places established in the 2nd century
1175:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
1164:
1162:
1160:
886:Ruin-field from the south-west & topography
1618:", in Drinkwater, John; Salway, Benet (eds.),
1442:Donadoni, Sergio, and Peter Grossmann (1991).
1275:Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica
946:Column of Alexander Severus and the hippodrome
1693:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. 141.
1172:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites
832:. At the beginning of the 19th century, when
675:), of which we learn the name of one –
660:
482:'s sorrow. (Dictionary of Antiquities, s. v.
1228:"Un acte de divorce par consentement mutuel"
1157:
1057:from the site were edited and translated by
48:
42:
33:
1371:
780:The earliest finds at the site date to the
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1308:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
423:'s great temple, dedicated to the gods of
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624:Funerary portrait of a man, AD c. 190–230
612:Funerary portrait of a boy, AD c. 190–230
1810:10th-century disestablishments in Africa
1691:Smith, William. (1854). "Antinoopolis."
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395:National Archaeological Museum, Florence
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1770:120s establishments in the Roman Empire
1652:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
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1372:Livingstone, Rosanne J. (2023-09-01).
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466:'s age in immediate contrast with the
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803:tombs with inscriptions point to the
699:. Antinoöpolis first belonged to the
322:), named after the god and oracle of
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1264:, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 593-594
1136:10.1093/acref/9780198606413.001.0001
1117:
1115:
86:
1775:2nd-century establishments in Egypt
1217:. George Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
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1045:excavations were undertaken by the
870:Illustrations of Antinoöpolis from
808:and Jomard, a member of Napoleon's
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1729:The Antinoupolis Foundation, Inc.
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1500:Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum
1322:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013
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584:Columns from the Temple of Ramses
292:to commemorate his deified young
1785:Former populated places in Egypt
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1526:"Mummy of a woman with portrait"
1424:from the original on 29 May 2024
1247:Homosexuality & Civilization
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1128:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
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498:underwent martyrdom during the
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557:Ruins of the Temple of Ramses
406:
1:
1750:Archaeological sites in Egypt
1479:"Textiles from Coptic Egypt."
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898:Topographical map of the city
910:Portico of the Roman theatre
639:funerary portrait of a woman
7:
1233:September 29, 2007, at the
1130:, Oxford University Press,
393:from the north necropolis (
304:, not far from the site in
264:
10:
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691:
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661:Structure and organization
500:Persecutions of Diocletian
488:.) According to the Greek
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300:, on the east bank of the
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34:
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1391:10.3897/tuhinga.34.107369
1213:Lambert, Royston (1984).
981:Egyptian Museum of Berlin
600:from the Temple of Ramses
572:from the Temple of Ramses
494:, it was at Antinoë that
351:Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli
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1320:Annuario Pontificio 2013
16:Not to be confused with
1790:Cities in ancient Egypt
1724:The City Antinoöpolis:
1713:O'Connell, Elisabeth R.
873:Description de l'Égypte
863:Description de l'Égypte
839:Description de l'Egypte
521:Serenus of Antinoöpolis
66:Description de l'Égypte
1655:. London: John Murray.
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419:, was the location of
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1695:Retrieved 10/24/2012.
1601:Catholic Encyclopedia
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1007:
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978:
730:Ptolemais in Thebaide
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364:
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332:Berenice Troglodytica
330:and was connected to
127:27.80750°N 30.88000°E
23:Place in Minya, Egypt
1755:Roman sites in Egypt
1360:Topography of Thebes
1013:Musée des beaux-arts
776:Archaeological finds
542:Edme-François Jomard
1649:, ed. (1854–1857).
810:Commission d’Egypte
750:Apollonopolis Parva
123: /
1765:122 establishments
1736:(mainly in German)
1484:2018-11-23 at the
1449:2015-01-23 at the
1310:100 (1994) 283-318
1302:2016-03-03 at the
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1061:and H. Zilliacus.
1047:University of Rome
1040:Antinoöpolis today
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132:27.80750; 30.88000
1734:Antinoüs Homepage
1668:Missing or empty
1661:cite encyclopedia
1629:978-1-905670-04-8
1414:"Coptic textiles"
1328:978-88-209-9070-1
1145:978-0-19-860641-3
1034:Coptic Christians
1009:La dame d'Antinoë
815:Alexander Severus
734:Herrmopolis Parva
504:Christian martyrs
502:. Numerous other
373:trampling on the
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190:Minya Governorate
186: • Type
99:Location in Egypt
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1590:Ἁδριανούπολις
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1554:iv. 5. § 61;
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108:Coordinates:
106:
81:
72:
67:
61:
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27:
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1670:|title=
1650:
1619:
1612:Antinoopolis
1587:, Steph. B.
1585:Adrianopolis
1584:
1580:
1546:Bibliography
1533:. Retrieved
1529:
1520:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1474:
1458:
1438:
1426:. Retrieved
1417:
1408:
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1171:
1149:, retrieved
1127:
1102:. Retrieved
1091:
1079:
1043:
1025:
1022:
1012:
1008:
988:Albert Gayet
871:
862:
844:
837:
827:
819:
809:
779:
719:
709:
703:, but under
692:ἐπιστράτηγος
682:
666:
664:
540:in 1715 and
533:Graeco-Roman
530:
517:
496:Saint Julian
489:
475:
471:
460:Graeco-Roman
457:
441:Roman Empire
438:
435:Roman period
416:
415:, the city,
410:
336:Via Hadriana
313:
281:
277:
245:
226:
222:
219:Antinoopolis
218:
215:Antinoöpolis
214:
213:
93:Antinoöpolis
30:Antinoöpolis
1605:titular see
1358:Wilkinson,
1104:January 19,
782:New Kingdom
770:titular see
754:Antaeopolis
598:hieroglyphs
536:missionary
439:During the
421:Ramesses II
413:New Kingdom
411:During the
407:New Kingdom
389:Late Roman
367:Bellerophon
312:village of
306:Upper Egypt
282:Sheik Abāda
274:الشيخ عبادة
227:Antinopolis
130: /
44:الشيخ عبادة
18:Antaeopolis
1744:Categories
1616:Nottingham
1564:It. Anton.
1560:Dion Cass.
1535:2020-01-21
1384:: 87–104.
1151:2020-01-19
1084:References
1026:Commission
834:Napoleonic
823:Hippodrome
817:, 235 AD.
805:necropolis
797:anchorites
705:Diocletian
701:Heptanomis
476:Antinoeion
429:Heliopolis
181:Government
118:30°52′48″E
115:27°48′27″N
1578:Steph. B.
1573:Ἀντινόεια
1558:viii. 9;
1400:2253-5861
1330:), p. 834
1030:Colluthus
794:Christian
758:Panopolis
742:Lycopolis
722:suffragan
695:) of the
683:prytaneus
667:prytaneus
637:Encaustic
570:Cartouche
485:Ἀντινόεια
472:Antinoeia
445:Ramses II
276:, modern
268:, modern
259:romanized
197:Time zone
1568:Hierocl.
1506:(1576).
1482:Archived
1447:Archived
1422:Archived
1300:Archived
1231:Archived
746:Hypselis
545:factory.
453:gridiron
347:Antinoüs
345:Bust of
310:Egyptian
298:Antinoüs
288:emperor
243:ⲁⲛⲧⲓⲛⲱⲟⲩ
36:ⲁⲛⲧⲓⲛⲱⲟⲩ
1800:Hadrian
1706:3704122
1644::
1597:Antinoe
1583:, also
1378:Tuhinga
801:Grecian
784:, when
724:of the
715:Thebaid
713:of the
697:Thebaid
687:nomarch
678:Ἀθηναΐς
508:Arianus
480:Hadrian
464:Hadrian
402:History
375:Chimera
371:Pegasus
334:by the
294:beloved
290:Hadrian
261::
246:Antinow
223:Antinoë
175:Mallawi
143:Country
1704:
1626:
1530:Louvre
1466:
1428:29 May
1398:
1348:296979
1346:
1326:
1279:Vol. 2
1179:
1142:
1055:Papyri
1017:Rennes
998:Louvre
790:Hathor
491:Menaea
417:Hir-we
379:Louvre
355:Louvre
270:Arabic
265:Ansinā
250:Arabic
239:Coptic
217:(also
152:
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1581:s. v.
1556:Paus.
1552:Ptol.
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738:Cusae
672:φυλαί
425:Khmun
319:Βῆσσα
286:Roman
254:انصنا
202:UTC+2
165:Minya
155:Egypt
50:أنصنا
1674:help
1624:ISBN
1614:and
1430:2024
1396:ISSN
1324:ISBN
1177:ISBN
1140:ISBN
1106:2020
788:and
760:and
710:nome
427:and
369:and
314:Besa
302:Nile
171:Town
161:City
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