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and the abandonment of its self isolationist policy, Japan pursued a policy of aggressive
Westernisation and industrialisation in effort to match the progress of Western nations. At the same time as this, China had begun to sink into a state of deep dysfunction, and was perceived as a declining power
1722:
Following the Cold War, there was little contact between Japan and the People's
Republic of China, and little discussion of China until the relationship between the countries was normalised in 1972, following a surge of interest within Japan about its neighbour. China renounced reparations for the
190:
also compounded on this, resulting in the loss of life of more than 20 million mostly civilian
Chinese people. The property loss suffered by the Chinese was valued at US$ 383 billion at the currency exchange rate in July 1937, roughly 50 times the GDP of Japan at that time (US$ 7.7 billion).
1739:. Public animosity toward the People's Republic of China was minimal compared to the public animosity held against the Soviet Union, and a friendly mood prevailed. Improvements were also seen in social attitudes toward ethnic Chinese residents of Japan, along with other minorities such as
1750:
However, since 2000, Japan has seen a gradual resurgence of anti-Chinese sentiments, coupled with the effects of an increasingly tense political relationship between Japan and the People's
Republic of China. The reason partly stems from the
61:
since ancient times. While Japan was historically influenced by China with its writing system, architecture, and religion, negative sentiment of China has persisted to modern times, due to nationalistic and historical disputes.
99:, leading to the further development of its culture with little foreign influence. A rise in national self-respect at this time resulted in Japan viewing itself as the centre of a "civilised world surrounded by barbarians."
131:) to distinguish between a perception of genuine Japanese culture in contrast to what was considered as foreign culture, with the resulting goal being to revert Japanese culture to one devoid of foreign influence.
1783:, are anti-Chinese, with data from the Pew Global Attitude Project (2008) showing that 85% of Japanese people surveyed held unfavourable views of China, and that 73% held unfavourable views of Chinese people.
1791:
has written that according to a survey done in 2021, more than 40% of
Japanese aged 18–29 feel an "affinity" towards China, compared to only 13% for those aged in their 60s and 70s.
1688:
Following the end of the World War II, openly
Sinophobic sentiments were stifled and became taboo in mainstream Japanese media, despite the opposing positions taken by Japan and the
87:
period (1600 to 1868), Japan left a prolonged period of civil war and began to prosper as a unified and stable state. This period saw an attempt to remove foreign influences on
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developed, Shinto had already been heavily influenced by both
Confucianism and Buddhism; due to this, the net effect of
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A key proponent of these movements and schools of thought was the cultural movement and branch of scholarship known as
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Police officers monitor anti-Chinese protests in front of the
Chinese Embassy in Tokyo, Japan, during the 2012
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1711:(lit., "China") has all but disappeared except in a handful of cases, such as the Japanese name for "
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are cited as raising tensions within China and fear of China within the
Japanese public. Many
1759:, as well as Chinese use of anti-Japan sentiment to buttress their own domestic politics. The
119:, translating literally as "national studies", and translated commonly as "Japanese studies".
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2024:
1966:"Large Majorities Say China Does Not Respect the Personal Freedoms of Its People"
1926:
1906:
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1712:
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144:, Japan's indigenous religion, seen as a bulwark against foreign, and especially
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1940:"BBC - History - World Wars: Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan"
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1731:. The response was of considerable gratitude and goodwill in Japan, with
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606:
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2213:
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229: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1980:"Unfavorable Views of China Reach Historic Highs in Many Countries"
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Second World War, partly to avoid appearing less generous than
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950:
735:
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141:
96:
47:
3514:
Monosodium glutamate controversy (Chinese restaurant syndrome)
3885:
2741:
1929:. University of Hawaii Press (1998). Retrieved on 2008-08-24.
1860:
II. Japan's Identity: Is Asia One? Is Japan Part of the East?
1716:
1637:
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1078:
907:
864:
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58:
31:
2073:
2039:"Japanese youngsters want to look like Chinese starlets"
2912:
36:
Chinese claim of sovereignty over the Senkaku Islands
1920:
The I Ching in the Shinto Thought of Tokugawa Japan
2792:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
3939:
3354:Union Colliery Co of British Columbia v Bryden
3285:Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration (1885)
1776:
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1704:
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95:culture. During this time, Japan maintained a
82:
23:
3295:Attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers, 1885
2898:
2089:
164:scholarship and its achievements is debated.
1909:. Japan-guide.com. Retrieved on 2008-08-24.
1811:Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States
2905:
2891:
2096:
2082:
125:aimed through its practitioners (known as
3147:Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees
2762:Interminority racism in the United States
245:Learn how and when to remove this message
1673:
41:
17:
1982:. Pew Research Center. October 6, 2020.
1753:Japanese history textbook controversies
3940:
2834:Sociology of race and ethnic relations
22:2010 Japanese anti-Chinese protest in
3400:Soviet deportations of Chinese people
2886:
2077:
2018:Forney, Matthew (December 10, 2005).
1968:. Pew Research Center. June 30, 2021.
1946:from the original on 28 November 2015
1877:
1875:
2857:
2000:from the original on 8 February 2005
1847:. BookRags. Retrieved on 2008-08-24.
227:adding citations to reliable sources
198:
194:
3504:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66
2247:Discrimination based on nationality
152:, influences. However, by the time
13:
3481:Legislation on Chinese Indonesians
3332:Vancouver anti-Chinese riots, 1886
3316:1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka
1872:
1696:. Use of the formerly common word
167:
70:
14:
3979:
3963:Anti-Chinese sentiment by country
3638:Artificial Intelligence Cold War
3598:2014 Vietnam anti-China protests
3509:1967 anti-Chinese riots in Burma
2866:
2856:
2847:
2846:
1821:Anti-Japanese sentiment in China
1806:History of China–Japan relations
1630:
1587:
1544:
1501:
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685:
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556:
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427:
384:
341:
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265:Views of China by country/region
203:
140:placed particular importance on
3948:Anti-Chinese sentiment in Japan
3290:Chinese Immigration Act of 1885
2867:
2059:from the original on 2023-01-19
2031:
2020:"Why China Loves to Hate Japan"
2012:
214:needs additional citations for
3876:Chinese, Japanese, dirty knees
2752:Go back to where you came from
1986:
1972:
1958:
1932:
1912:
1893:
1850:
1838:
1816:Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan
1777:
1769:
1715:" and an alternative term for
1680:
83:
24:
1:
3665:2024 Papua New Guinean unrest
3628:China–United States trade war
3493:Internment of Chinese-Indians
3406:Chinese Immigration Act, 1923
1831:
91:, including the influence of
3670:Boycotts of Chinese products
3593:2013 Tiananmen Square attack
3525:1969 race riots of Singapore
3499:1964 race riots in Singapore
3186:2nd Sangley Rebellion (1639)
7:
3660:2021 Solomon Islands unrest
3650:COVID-19 pandemic incidents
3547:May 1998 riots of Indonesia
1794:
1765:Japanese nationalist groups
1761:anti-Japanese riots of 2005
1755:and official visits to the
160:
154:
136:
127:
121:
10:
3984:
3655:2021 Atlanta spa shootings
3519:13 May incident (Malaysia)
3487:Chinese Confession Program
3377:Vancouver anti-Asian riots
3321:Chinese head tax in Canada
3268:San Francisco riot of 1877
2103:
1865:February 12, 2009, at the
1690:People's Republic of China
183:by many, including Japan.
171:
74:
65:
3914:
3856:
3761:
3725:
3689:
3682:
3623:2015 Aksu colliery attack
3573:2008 Kunming bus bombings
3555:
3363:
3220:
3199:
3172:
3165:
3129:
3017:
2971:
2944:The Unparalleled Invasion
2921:
2842:
2719:
2552:
2320:
2222:
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1705:
1038:Views of China by country
111:
3608:April 2014 Ürümqi attack
3417:Second Sino-Japanese War
3246:Chinese massacre of 1871
3142:Asiatic Exclusion League
2028:. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
97:policy of self-isolation
3953:Anti-communism in Japan
3738:Ita Martadinata Haryono
3618:2015 Plaza Low Yat riot
3568:Abacus Bank prosecution
3191:Sangley Massacre (1662)
2782:Psychometrics of racism
2232:Anti-miscegenation laws
3613:May 2014 Ürümqi attack
3578:July 2009 Ürümqi riots
3371:White Australia policy
2914:Anti-Chinese sentiment
2747:Ethnic plastic surgery
2242:Biological determinism
1882:Tokugawa Enlightenment
1685:
55:Anti-Chinese sentiment
51:
46:Anti-Chinese rally in
39:
3958:China–Japan relations
3927:Hong Kong nationalism
3563:2006 Nukuʻalofa riots
3542:1997 Banjarmasin riot
3337:Hells Canyon Massacre
3310:Rock Springs massacre
3300:Issaquah riot of 1885
3279:Chinese Exclusion Act
3207:1740 Batavia massacre
3009:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
2984:Andrew Jackson Bryant
2667:In Jewish communities
2645:Hispanic & Latino
1887:May 27, 2010, at the
1801:China–Japan relations
1677:
45:
21:
3583:2011 Kashgar attacks
3327:Seattle riot of 1886
3273:New Zealand head tax
3212:1782 Saigon massacre
2951:Japanese nationalism
2757:Herrenvolk democracy
1994:"asahi.com: English"
1032:Results of the 2020
259:Results of the 2021
223:improve this article
57:has been present in
3922:Chinese imperialism
3603:2014 Kunming attack
3459:Home Office 213/926
3447:Sook Ching massacre
3435:Japanese war crimes
3411:Wanpaoshan Incident
3305:Tacoma riot of 1885
3262:Trout Creek Outrage
2777:Perpetual foreigner
2047:. 19 January 2023.
1826:Nativism (politics)
1041:
1034:Pew Research Center
268:
261:Pew Research Center
3536:Cambodian genocide
3473:Mergosono massacre
3453:Changkiao massacre
3429:Nanshitou Massacre
3234:Lambing Flat riots
3137:Anti-Chinese Union
3067:Racism in Malaysia
2979:Adriaan Valckenier
2939:Chinese emigration
2807:Racial integration
2787:Race and sexuality
2592:Japanese Americans
2312:Racial segregation
2302:Racial nationalism
1925:2017-12-12 at the
1905:2021-03-17 at the
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1040:Sorted by Pos-Neg
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267:Sorted by Pos-Neg
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52:
40:
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3869:Chinaman's chance
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3819:Mi Gao Huang Chen
3789:Franklin Feng Tao
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3440:Three Alls Policy
3251:Pigtail Ordinance
3180:Sangley Rebellion
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2879:
2628:African Americans
2575:Chinese Americans
2272:Ethnic stereotype
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180:Meiji Restoration
134:Practitioners of
81:Beginning in the
3975:
3906:Sick man of Asia
3896:Locust/Wongchung
3814:Leung Chi-cheung
3687:
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3645:China Initiative
3423:Nanking Massacre
3389:Torreón massacre
3343:Scott Act (1888)
3257:Page Act of 1875
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3114:China Initiative
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2704:Racial supremacy
2662:Jewish Americans
2640:Native Americans
2609:Zainichi Koreans
2597:Japanese Koreans
2580:Zainichi Chinese
2553:Racism by target
2330:Global apartheid
2322:Racism by region
2307:Racial profiling
2297:Racial hierarchy
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3395:1918 Kudus riot
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3072:Ketuanan Melayu
3045:Racism in Japan
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2963:De-Sinicization
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2817:Racism in sport
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2709:White supremacy
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2112:Types of racism
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1927:Wayback Machine
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1130:
1129:
1115:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1072:
1070:
1039:
1037:
1028:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1001:
987:
985:
978:
975:
974:
973:
966:
965:
959:
958:
944:
942:
935:
932:
931:
930:
923:
922:
916:
915:
901:
899:
892:
889:
888:
887:
880:
879:
873:
872:
858:
856:
849:
846:
845:
844:
837:
836:
830:
829:
815:
813:
806:
803:
802:
801:
794:
793:
787:
786:
772:
770:
763:
760:
759:
758:
751:
750:
744:
743:
729:
727:
720:
717:
716:
715:
708:
707:
701:
700:
686:
684:
677:
674:
673:
672:
665:
664:
658:
657:
643:
641:
634:
631:
630:
629:
622:
621:
615:
614:
600:
598:
591:
588:
587:
586:
579:
578:
572:
571:
557:
555:
548:
545:
544:
543:
536:
535:
529:
528:
514:
512:
505:
502:
501:
500:
493:
492:
486:
485:
471:
469:
462:
459:
458:
457:
450:
449:
443:
442:
428:
426:
419:
416:
415:
414:
407:
406:
400:
399:
385:
383:
376:
373:
372:
371:
364:
363:
357:
356:
342:
340:
333:
330:
329:
328:
321:
320:
314:
313:
299:
297:
266:
264:
251:
240:
234:
231:
220:
208:
197:
176:
174:Empire of Japan
170:
168:Empire of Japan
108:
79:
77:Tokugawa period
73:
71:Tokugawa period
68:
12:
11:
5:
3981:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3829:Teoh Beng Hock
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3804:Jiansheng Chen
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3748:Velma Demerson
3745:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3697:Chae Chan Ping
3693:
3691:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3588:Wolf Amendment
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3414:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3383:Beipu uprising
3380:
3374:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3176:
3174:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3130:By institution
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2887:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2864:
2854:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2829:Reverse racism
2826:
2825:
2824:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2802:Racial figleaf
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2720:Related topics
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2679:Middle Eastern
2676:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2471:United Kingdom
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2332:
2326:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2223:Manifestations
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2030:
2011:
1985:
1971:
1957:
1931:
1918:Ng, Wai-ming.
1911:
1892:
1871:
1849:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1796:
1793:
1771:Ganbare Nippon
1737:anti-communism
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:United Kingdom
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1045:Country polled
1029:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1003:
999:
998:
996:
982:
981:
976:
971:
970:
969:
967:
963:
962:
960:
956:
955:
953:
939:
938:
933:
928:
927:
926:
924:
920:
919:
917:
913:
912:
910:
896:
895:
890:
885:
884:
883:
881:
877:
876:
874:
870:
869:
867:
853:
852:
847:
842:
841:
840:
838:
834:
833:
831:
827:
826:
824:
822:United Kingdom
810:
809:
804:
799:
798:
797:
795:
791:
790:
788:
784:
783:
781:
767:
766:
761:
756:
755:
754:
752:
748:
747:
745:
741:
740:
738:
724:
723:
718:
713:
712:
711:
709:
705:
704:
702:
698:
697:
695:
681:
680:
675:
670:
669:
668:
666:
662:
661:
659:
655:
654:
652:
638:
637:
632:
627:
626:
625:
623:
619:
618:
616:
612:
611:
609:
595:
594:
589:
584:
583:
582:
580:
576:
575:
573:
569:
568:
566:
552:
551:
546:
541:
540:
539:
537:
533:
532:
530:
526:
525:
523:
509:
508:
503:
498:
497:
496:
494:
490:
489:
487:
483:
482:
480:
466:
465:
460:
455:
454:
453:
451:
447:
446:
444:
440:
439:
437:
423:
422:
417:
412:
411:
410:
408:
404:
403:
401:
397:
396:
394:
380:
379:
374:
369:
368:
367:
365:
361:
360:
358:
354:
353:
351:
337:
336:
331:
326:
325:
324:
322:
318:
317:
315:
311:
310:
308:
294:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
272:Country polled
256:
253:
252:
211:
209:
202:
196:
193:
178:Following the
172:Main article:
169:
166:
75:Main article:
72:
69:
67:
64:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3980:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3702:Fong Yue Ting
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:Trump tariffs
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:(1920s–1930s)
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3228:Buckland Riot
3226:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3109:United States
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2989:Denis Kearney
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:By persecutor
2970:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2873:
2865:
2863:
2855:
2853:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2699:Wine industry
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2527:South America
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:United States
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2505:North America
2503:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
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2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
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2414:
2412:
2409:
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2400:
2397:
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2387:
2383:
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2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
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2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2292:Racialization
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:Ethnic hatred
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2174:Laissez-faire
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Institutional
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:Environmental
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2044:The Economist
2040:
2034:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2015:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1981:
1975:
1967:
1961:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1915:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1788:The Economist
1784:
1780:
1772:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1676:
1664:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1639:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1596:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1510:
1499:
1498:
1492:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1424:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1338:
1337:United States
1327:
1326:
1320:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1295:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1209:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1166:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1020:
1011:
1004:
997:
995:
984:
983:
977:
968:
961:
954:
952:
941:
940:
934:
925:
918:
911:
909:
898:
897:
891:
882:
875:
868:
866:
855:
854:
848:
839:
832:
825:
823:
812:
811:
805:
796:
789:
782:
780:
769:
768:
762:
753:
746:
739:
737:
726:
725:
719:
710:
703:
696:
694:
683:
682:
676:
667:
660:
653:
651:
640:
639:
633:
624:
617:
610:
608:
597:
596:
590:
581:
574:
567:
565:
554:
553:
547:
538:
531:
524:
522:
511:
510:
504:
495:
488:
481:
479:
468:
467:
461:
452:
445:
438:
436:
435:United States
425:
424:
418:
409:
402:
395:
393:
382:
381:
375:
366:
359:
352:
350:
339:
338:
332:
323:
316:
309:
307:
296:
295:
289:
284:
279:
274:
271:
270:
262:
249:
246:
238:
228:
224:
218:
217:
212:This section
210:
206:
201:
200:
192:
189:
184:
181:
175:
165:
162:
156:
151:
147:
143:
138:
132:
129:
123:
114:
107:
106:
100:
98:
94:
90:
78:
63:
60:
56:
49:
44:
37:
34:, concerning
33:
27:
20:
16:
3762:21st century
3733:Vincent Chin
3726:20th century
3712:Wong Kim Ark
3690:19th century
3556:21st century
3469:(1945–1947)
3464:
3419:(1937-1945)
3364:20th century
3221:19th century
3200:18th century
3173:17th century
3157:Uyoku dantai
3152:Tsagaan Khas
3084:Nazi Germany
3039:
2934:Yellow Peril
2916:(Sinophobia)
2822:in Australia
2812:Racial quota
2579:
2456:Soviet Union
2399:Saudi Arabia
2340:South Africa
2267:Ethnic slurs
2262:Ethnic jokes
2164:Internalized
2061:. Retrieved
2042:
2033:
2023:
2014:
2002:. Retrieved
1988:
1974:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1934:
1914:
1895:
1857:Kanji Nishio
1852:
1840:
1786:
1785:
1749:
1735:confined to
1729:Soviet Union
1721:
1697:
1687:
241:
232:
221:Please help
216:verification
213:
188:World War II
185:
177:
133:
103:
101:
80:
53:
15:
3901:Shina/Zhina
3881:Ching chong
3844:Michelle Go
3834:Xiaoxing Xi
3824:Sherry Chen
3809:Jiayang Fan
3743:Qian Xuesen
3538:(1975–1979)
3489:(1956–1965)
3461:(1945–1946)
3431:(1942-1945)
3425:(1937–1938)
3373:(1901–1973)
3350:(1892–1943)
3323:(1885–1923)
3281:(1882–1943)
3275:(1881–1944)
3236:(1860–1861)
3166:By incident
3089:Philippines
2994:Hideki Tojo
2737:Anti-racism
2478:Middle East
2372:South Korea
2367:North Korea
2282:Hate speech
2204:Substantive
2184:Neocolonial
1745:Ainu people
1380:Netherlands
1294:South Korea
779:New Zealand
607:Netherlands
478:South Korea
128:kokugakushu
3942:Categories
3839:Yao Pan Ma
3799:Haoyang Yu
3774:Danny Chen
3753:Wen Ho Lee
3018:By country
2922:Background
2616:Vietnamese
2389:Arab world
2287:Hate group
2277:Hate crime
2214:Xenophobia
2194:Scientific
2179:Linguistic
2063:2023-01-19
1832:References
1779:Zaitokukai
1767:, such as
1733:Sinophobia
235:April 2019
3794:Gang Chen
3784:Eileen Gu
3769:Anming Hu
3707:Mary Tape
3683:By victim
3348:Geary Act
3094:Singapore
3035:Indonesia
3025:Hong Kong
2797:Race card
2732:Alt-right
2532:Argentina
2493:Palestine
2411:Australia
2237:Apartheid
2225:of racism
2053:0013-0613
1165:Australia
1059:No answer
994:Singapore
392:Australia
286:No answer
146:Confucian
3864:Chinaman
3483:(1950s-)
3104:Thailand
3062:Malaysia
2852:Category
2767:Lynching
2742:Casteism
2587:Japanese
2446:Portugal
2377:Thailand
2345:Zimbabwe
2209:Symbolic
2199:Societal
2189:Romantic
2154:Gendered
2134:Cultural
2124:Colorism
2119:Aversive
2057:Archived
2004:28 March
1998:Archived
1950:28 March
1944:Archived
1923:Archived
1903:Archived
1885:Archived
1863:Archived
1795:See also
1743:and the
1694:Cold War
1054:Negative
1049:Positive
281:Negative
276:Positive
161:kokugaku
155:kokugaku
150:Buddhist
137:kokugaku
122:Kokugaku
105:kokugaku
84:Tokugawa
3915:Related
3717:Yick Wo
3466:Bersiap
3121:Vietnam
3079:Myanmar
3004:Pol Pot
2999:Suharto
2956:Minzoku
2862:Commons
2772:Passing
2727:Ableism
2650:Mexican
2570:Chinese
2466:Ukraine
2431:Germany
2421:Denmark
2382:Vietnam
1692:in the
1681:Senkaku
1509:Germany
1466:Belgium
1208:Denmark
1064:Pos-Neg
693:Belgium
564:Germany
291:Pos-Neg
93:Chinese
66:History
50:in 2010
26:Shibuya
3891:Chinky
3779:Ee Lee
3532:(1974)
3521:(1969)
3495:(1962)
3475:(1947)
3455:(1943)
3449:(1942)
3413:(1931)
3391:(1911)
3385:(1907)
3379:(1907)
3356:(1899)
3339:(1887)
3312:(1885)
3264:(1876)
3253:(1873)
3242:(1862)
3230:(1857)
3182:(1603)
3099:Taiwan
2929:Coolie
2694:Slavic
2689:Romani
2684:Muslim
2657:Jewish
2604:Korean
2565:Asians
2537:Brazil
2520:Mexico
2510:Canada
2498:Turkey
2488:Israel
2451:Russia
2441:Poland
2426:France
2416:Europe
2335:Africa
2169:Patent
2149:Formal
2129:Covert
2105:Racism
2051:
1900:Shinto
1725:Taiwan
1635:
1592:
1552:France
1549:
1506:
1463:
1423:Canada
1420:
1377:
1334:
1291:
1248:
1205:
1162:
1122:Sweden
1119:
1076:
991:
951:Greece
948:
905:
862:
819:
776:
736:France
733:
690:
650:Taiwan
647:
604:
561:
521:Canada
518:
475:
432:
389:
349:Sweden
346:
303:
142:Shinto
48:Hibiya
3886:Chink
3857:Slurs
3052:Korea
3040:Japan
3030:India
2872:Index
2633:Women
2623:Black
2542:Chile
2461:Spain
2436:Italy
2404:Sudan
2394:Libya
2362:Japan
2357:China
2139:Cyber
1717:ramen
1699:Shina
1638:Italy
1595:Spain
1079:Japan
908:Spain
865:Italy
306:Japan
59:Japan
32:Tokyo
3057:Laos
2674:LGBT
2560:Arab
2483:Iran
2352:Asia
2049:ISSN
2025:Time
2006:2016
1952:2016
1775:and
1036:poll
263:poll
186:The
148:and
1666:–24
1651:62%
1644:38%
1623:–27
1608:63%
1601:36%
1580:–44
1565:70%
1558:26%
1537:–46
1522:71%
1515:25%
1494:–47
1479:71%
1472:24%
1451:–50
1436:73%
1429:23%
1408:–50
1393:73%
1386:25%
1365:–51
1350:73%
1343:22%
1322:–51
1307:75%
1300:24%
1279:–52
1264:74%
1257:22%
1236:–53
1221:75%
1214:22%
1193:–66
1178:81%
1171:15%
1150:–71
1135:85%
1128:14%
1107:–77
1092:86%
1007:34%
1000:64%
964:42%
957:52%
936:–18
921:57%
914:39%
893:–22
878:60%
871:38%
850:–36
843:10%
835:63%
828:27%
807:–37
792:67%
785:30%
764:–37
749:66%
742:29%
721:–39
706:67%
699:28%
678:–42
663:69%
656:27%
635:–48
620:72%
613:24%
592:–50
577:71%
570:21%
549:–50
534:73%
527:23%
506:–55
491:77%
484:22%
463:–56
448:76%
441:20%
420:–57
405:78%
398:21%
377:–62
362:80%
355:18%
334:–78
319:88%
312:10%
225:by
3944::
3634:)
2055:.
2041:.
2022:.
1996:.
1942:.
1874:^
1747:.
1719:.
1706:支那
1659:0%
1616:1%
1573:4%
1530:4%
1487:5%
1444:4%
1401:2%
1358:5%
1315:1%
1272:4%
1229:3%
1186:4%
1143:1%
1100:5%
1085:9%
1022:30
1015:2%
979:10
972:6%
929:4%
886:2%
800:3%
757:5%
714:5%
671:4%
628:4%
585:8%
542:4%
499:1%
456:4%
413:1%
370:2%
327:2%
113:国学
30:,
3630:(
2906:e
2899:t
2892:v
2097:e
2090:t
2083:v
2066:.
2008:.
1954:.
1709:)
1703:(
248:)
242:(
237:)
233:(
219:.
117:)
109:(
38:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
