576:
44:
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73:. Turkish nationalism consists of political and social movements and sentiments prompted by a love for Turkish culture, Turkish languages and history, and a sense of pride in Turkey and Turkish people. While national consciousness in Turkish nation can be traced back centuries, nationalism has been a predominant determinant of Turkish attitudes mainly since the 20th century. Modern Turkish nationalism rose during the
2160:
231:
781:
Following two decades long
Islamic-conservative AKP rule, many authors and scholars point out a newly emerging wave, called secular nationalism by the most. This new wave is yet to acquire a precise form and discourse, but attracted interest mainly from young adults who are disillusioned with
810:
The person who publicly denigrates the
Turkish Nation, the Republic of Turkey, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the judicial organs of the State, shall be punished with imprisonment of six months to two
683:
as the official state ideology. Thought leaders of the
Turkish-Islamic synthesis assumed that the Turks played a prominent role in the spread of Islam and thereby developed their national identity as part of the Islamic
622:, in the 11th century. Kafesoğlu viewed the contact between the ancient steppe culture of the Turks and Islam as a process of refinement. The "synthesis" was represented in the 1970s in the intellectual club
824:
There have been recent indications that Turkey may repeal or modify
Article 301, after the embarrassment suffered by some high-profile cases. Nationalists within the judicial system, intent on derailing
1580:
773:, there are some neo-Nazi organizations in Turkey such as the Ataman Brotherhood, or the Turkish Nazi Party and the National Socialist Party of Turkey which are mainly based on the Internet.
2051:
Eissenstat, Howard. "Anatolianism: The
History of a Failed Metaphor of Turkish Nationalism". Paper presented at Middle East Studies Association Conference, Washington, D.C., November 2002.
636:) of which cofounder was Kafesoğlu. Representatives of the intellectual club explicitly formulated their thoughts and in particular their understanding of history in 1973 in the text
938:
423:
Kemalist nationalism believes in the principle that the
Turkish state is an indivisible whole comprising its territory and people, which is defined as the "unity of the state".
222:. During the early years of the republic, religious traditions were not important and Turkish nationalists were much more open to the westernization of the Turkish society.
690:. According to this conception, being Turkish is only possible in connection with Islam. The idea of a Turkish-Islamic synthesis is still very popular in circles of the
4259:
1515:
671:), to use Islamic-conservative ideas and values to restore order and unity. Following the 1980 coup d'état, the military dictatorship made a combination of
279:(which combines Turkish nationalism with Islamic identity), Anatolianism (which considers the Turkish nation as a separate entity which developed after the
1191:
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1577:
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329:
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401:
policy. Kemalist nationalism, after experiencing the
Ottoman Empire's breakdown, defined the social contract as its "highest ideal".
1835:
2966:
712:(TRNC) and desires that the TRNC stay independent from Turkey while opposing the idea of a united Cyprus with the Greek-dominated
3672:
919:
741:
538:, Mehmet Râif Ogan and Nurettin Topçu proposed that the origins of the Turkish nationalism should be sought in Anatolia, not in "
2073:Çetin, Zafer M. (October 2004). "Tales of past, present, and future: mythmaking and nationalist discourse in Turkish politics".
981:
351:
1885:
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409:
2255:
887:
1702:
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with the aim to "cleanse" the
Turkish language of foreign (mostly Arabic and Persian) influence. He also promoted the
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1912:
1209:
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588:
388:
257:
106:
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2945:
1384:
801:
1674:
Arıkan, E. Burak (July 2002). "Turkish ultra–nationalists under review: a study of the
Nationalist Action Party".
1334:
4896:
4891:
4751:
4606:
3855:
3662:
2427:
2376:
1523:
1626:
1551:
Avcı, Gamze (September 2011). "The
Nationalist Movement Party's euroscepticism: party ideology meets strategy".
4455:
4410:
3667:
3488:
2835:
1342:
1230:
1012:
848:
In May 2007, a law was put into effect allowing Turkey to block websites that are deemed insulting to Atatürk.
2725:
2102:
Poulton, Hugh (May 1999). "The struggle for hegemony in Turkey: Turkish nationalism as a contemporary force".
2034:
1279:
Guy E. Métraux, International Commission for a History of the Scientific and Cultural Development of Mankind,
660:
358:" became the official state ideology and the guiding principle behind the widespread socio-political reforms.
4856:
are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of
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4197:
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Political Terrorism, by Alex Peter Schmid, A. J. Jongman, Michael Stohl, Transaction Publishers, 2005, p. 674
1177:
The Political Representation of Kurds in Turkey: New Actors and Modes of Participation in a Changing Society
237:, Turkish nationalist writer and politician; his writings and poems had a major impact on defining the term
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of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey. Legally, every citizen is defined as a Turk, regardless of
184:
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1979:
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276:
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1160:
In the prevailing literature, the term ultra-nationalism is often used to describe Turkish nationalism.
914:
770:
763:
737:
580:
4901:
3699:
3395:
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2506:
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756:. One of the leaders (Gündüz Kapancıoğlu) was re-admitted to the Nationalist Movement Party in 1975.
676:
126:
48:
4485:
4207:
2642:
829:, have used Article 301 to initiate trials against people like Nobel Prize–winning Turkish novelist
4802:
4460:
4264:
3176:
2960:
2516:
2496:
2486:
1225:
632:
557:(Present Duties of Anatolia), but it was not published. Ülken and friends published the periodical
2617:
408:
based on Atatürk's sayings and writings. The Kemalist definition of nationality was integrated to
335:
253:
172:
138:
4244:
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908:
417:
392:
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1400:
1201:
102:
4192:
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3400:
2881:
2860:
2775:
2000:
1131:
British Imperialism and Turkish Nationalism in Cyprus, 1923-1939 : divide, define and rule
897:
615:
180:
1653:"Turkey's Radical Right and the Kurdish Issue: The MHP's Reaction to the "Democratic Opening""
1371:
Judith Hoffmann: Aufstieg und Wandel des politischen Islam in der Türkei. Berlin 2003, S. 25f.
183:
in Turkish political and educational circles from 1930s. Turkish researchers at the time like
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states that he or she can be deprived of his/her nationality only through an act of treason.
378:
1454:, by Institute for the Study of Conflict, National Strategy Information Center, 1982, p. 148
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4147:
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1734:"Turkish far-right group beat Afghan man and shared video on social media - Turkish Minute"
413:
288:
234:
199:
118:
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8:
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1335:
Identity, Culture and Globalization - Annals of the International Institute of Sociology
618:, who traced the Turkish-Islamic synthesis back to the first Muslim Turkic dynasty, the
535:
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4097:
4015:
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2140:
2090:
2008:
1598:"The Nationalist Action Party: Representing the State, the Nation or the Nationalists?"
1568:
1107:
1099:
604:
584:
272:
78:
4450:
2687:
2672:
2123:
Uslu, Emrullah (March 2008). "Ulusalcılık: The Neo-nationalist Resurgence in Turkey".
561:. They worked to form an alternative philosophy to Ottomanism, Islamism and Turanism.
188:
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2381:
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2311:
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2225:
2144:
2094:
1980:"Freedom-of-Expression Court Cases in Turkey Could Hamper Ankara's EU Membership Bid"
1908:
1605:
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1501:
1416:
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1307:
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767:
664:
659:
After the turmoil of the 1970s with bloody clashes between political camps and the
641:
627:
596:
504:
457:
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founded in 1839, followed in 1908 with the Turkish Society, which later became the
438:
343:
311:
122:
58:
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1950:
43:
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2795:
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1931:(in Turkish). Turkish Grand National Assembly, official Web site. 30 April 2008
1362:
Werner Ende und Udo Steinbach: Der Islam in der Gegenwart. München 1996, S. 236
872:
749:
708:
Turkish Cypriot nationalism emphasizes the support for the independence of the
649:
546:
524:
488:
484:
473:
405:
366:
299:
295:
168:
70:
37:
2647:
2607:
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2115:
469:
249:
245:
203:
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4324:
4319:
4274:
4269:
4249:
3572:
3248:
2290:
1928:
1095:
1031:
Choreographic Politics: State Folk Dance Companies, Representation, and Power
882:
280:
207:
2692:
2235:
1687:
1146:
Back to the '30s?: Recurring Crises of Capitalism, Liberalism, and Democracy
4853:
4741:
4591:
4354:
4339:
4309:
4279:
4239:
2602:
2542:
2386:
2265:
804:
of the Turkish Penal Code, which is perceived as contrary to the notion of
550:
492:
472:'s nationalist view which he called "Turkism", as an ideal of the unity of
362:
2652:
1478:, by Leonard Weinberg, Ami Pedahzur, Arie Perliger, Routledge, 2003, p. 45
595:
Turkish-Islamic nationalism, also known as the Turkish-Islamic synthesis (
4812:
4781:
4761:
4641:
4596:
4550:
4379:
4364:
4359:
4294:
4234:
3711:
3584:
2622:
2547:
2419:
2250:
1389:
16 Türk Devleti Cumhurbaşkanlığı forsundaki 16 yıldız neyi ifade ediyor?
857:
834:
830:
815:
expressions of thought intended to criticize shall not constitute a crime
791:
760:
753:
672:
527:
had built a new civilization in Anatolia after 1071 when they won at the
450:
432:
264:
150:
133:
82:
2597:
1144:
Rayner, Jeremy; Falls, Susan; Souvlis, George; Nelms, Taylor C. (2020).
1103:
1061:
663:, the junta tried, despite reservations about religious fundamentalism (
4827:
4671:
4601:
3097:
3059:
2521:
1086:
867:
838:
725:
398:
110:
2170:
545:
Hilmi Ziya Ülken, one of the founders of Anatolianism, was opposed to
4731:
4716:
4706:
4701:
4646:
4631:
3920:
3044:
2978:
2557:
2401:
146:
114:
2055:
607:
Islamic-conservative ideology that combines Turkish nationalism and
4691:
4616:
4490:
4374:
2275:
2240:
1955:
1905:
Seküler Milliyetçilik - 21. Yüzyılda Türk Milliyetçiliğinin Teorisi
877:
862:
680:
516:
446:
323:
284:
268:
86:
74:
4756:
1763:
1652:
729:
4766:
4736:
4686:
4676:
4581:
4334:
4284:
3303:
3212:
1266:
653:
387:. The Kemalist perception of social contract was effected by the
219:
97:
32:
808:, took effect on June 1, 2005, and was amended in 2008, states:
230:
4636:
4621:
4586:
4576:
2159:
713:
339:
307:
142:
66:
4786:
2740:
2035:"The Sources Of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism"
1115:
796:
782:
government policies - especially unregulated migrant inflow.
686:
608:
553:, as well as to Turanism. In 1919, Ülken wrote a book titled
539:
215:
211:
192:
1886:"Öfkeli Genç Türkler ve Türkiye'de milliyetçiliğin dönüşümü"
1469:
817:, and that it cannot be invoked without the approval of the
391:
which was perceived as a product of failure of the Ottoman "
214:
should be translated from Arabic into Turkish, and that the
1436:
748:). The club maintained two combat units. The members wore
614:
The term was coined in 1972 by the conservative historian
365:
from the remnants of the multi-religious and multi-ethnic
2062:, New Series, Vol. 8, Issue 3 (1963), pp. 165–176.]
317:
218:
should be recited in Turkish instead of Arabic from the
1143:
263:
Ideologies associated with Turkish nationalism include
252:, ideologue of Turkish nationalism and later member of
511:) takes as its starting point that the main source of
445:
and eventually expanded to include ideologies such as
656:, which was perceived as a threat to Turkish values.
534:
In the early Republican era, some intellectuals like
1457:
1062:"Nationalism and Islam in Cold War Turkey, 1944–69"
776:
2056:"The Search for National Identity among the Turks"
1703:"Pre-election resignations rock Turkish far right"
1383:, Vol. 3, Central Eurasian Studies Society, 2004,
149:is a symbol of Turkish nationalism, as well as of
2956:Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the Nation
2001:"Turkey adopts law to block 'insulting' websites"
1828:
1595:
523:), and the main base of this thought is that the
404:In the 1930s Kemalism became an all-encompassing
314:" is often used to describe Turkish nationalism.
4873:
1502:"On the Trail of Turkey's Terrorist Grey Wolves"
2851:Alfortville Armenian Genocide Memorial bombings
1811:"They Might Be Joking But They Grow in Numbers"
1748:
1488:The Inner Sea: The Mediterranean and Its People
827:Turkey's full admission into the European Union
487:, brought Turkish nationalists to power in the
1170:
1168:
697:
564:
350:) as one of its six principles. Following the
198:The early Turkish nationalists were typically
77:. It also has a complicated relationship with
2994:
2186:
1308:"OGAN, Mehmet Râif - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi"
1294:"ÜLKEN, Hilmi Ziya - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi"
1027:
719:
27:Nationalism of the country of Turkey or Turks
1884:Altundag, Mehmet Yasar (22 September 2021).
1174:
271:(a form of ethnic or racial essentialism or
1466:, by Roger Griffin, Routledge, 1993, p. 171
1322:"TOPÇU, Nurettin - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi"
1196:. Vol. 1. Princeton University Press.
1165:
369:. Kemalist nationalism originates from the
330:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's cult of personality
105:. From right to left: The victory over the
69:and individuals whose national identity is
4852:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on
4496:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)
3001:
2987:
2317:Association for Defence of National Rights
2193:
2179:
2104:Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans
1034:. Wesleyan University Press. p. 210.
746:National Activity and Vigorous Development
495:' control of the late Ottoman government.
361:The Kemalist revolution aimed to create a
2951:How happy is the one who says I am a Turk
1977:
1902:
1499:
1251:Türkçülüğün Esasları pg.25 (Gökalp, Ziya)
1202:10.23943/princeton/9780691175829.001.0001
1085:
1883:
1803:
1189:
1007:. Boulder: Westview Press. p. 133.
574:
244:
229:
132:
96:
42:
31:
2856:2005 Istanbul pogrom exhibition assault
2200:
2101:
1624:
1493:
1128:
1021:
1005:Atatürk and the Modernization of Turkey
920:Xenophobia and discrimination in Turkey
841:for acknowledging the existence of the
14:
4874:
4456:Galician independence movement (Spain)
3008:
1700:
1673:
1600:. In Barry Rubin; Metin Heper (eds.).
1476:Political Parties and Terrorist Groups
1059:
1002:
646:The View of the Intellectuals's Hearth
437:"Turanist" nationalism began with the
191:also came up with the idea that Early
4506:Patani United Liberation Organisation
4476:Inner Mongolian independence movement
2982:
2174:
2072:
2048:, issue: 02 / 2007, pp. 133–151.
1978:Schleifer, Yigal (16 December 2005).
1778:
1650:
318:Kemalism or Turkish state nationalism
65:) is nationalism among the people of
47:Nationalistic personification of the
4501:National Liberation Front of Corsica
4426:East Turkestan independence movement
2831:1995 Azerbaijani coup d'état attempt
2122:
1864:
1550:
1283:, New American Library, 1965, p. 73.
1055:
1053:
1051:
984:from the original on 11 January 2007
952:"Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Kağıt Paraları"
1951:"Turkey insult law 'may be dumped'"
1553:South European Society and Politics
1179:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 6.
888:Racism and discrimination in Turkey
710:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
24:
2502:Nationalist and Conservative Party
2075:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
2066:
1786:"Nazi Party Established in Turkey"
1596:Çınar, Alev; Burak Arıkan (2002).
1431:Die Türkei – Republik unter Wölfen
785:
742:Nasyonal Aktivite ve Zinde İnkişaf
354:in 1923, the Kemalism or "Turkish
206:(1876–1924). Gökalp aimed for the
25:
4913:
2931:Confiscation of Armenian property
2801:Expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul
2449:Republican Villagers Nation Party
2152:
1903:Dincaslan, M. Bahadirhan (2023).
1625:Huggler, Justin (20 April 1999).
1604:. London: Routledge. p. 25.
1048:
893:Anti-Armenian sentiment in Turkey
734:Republican Villagers Nation Party
589:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
389:dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
2158:
1836:"Neo-Nazi Circassians on Turkey"
1262:Mustafa Kemal ve muhalifleri (1)
1148:. Springer Nature. p. 161.
797:The "Insulting Turkishness" laws
777:21st century secular nationalism
736:members (precursor party of the
4607:Basque Country (greater region)
4466:Guangdong Independence Movement
2428:Committee of Union and Progress
2377:Turkish Resistance Organisation
1993:
1971:
1943:
1921:
1896:
1877:
1858:
1726:
1720:
1694:
1667:
1644:
1627:"Turkish far right on the rise"
1618:
1589:
1544:
1538:
1508:
1481:
1445:
1423:
1409:
1394:
1381:Central Eurasian Studies Review
1374:
1365:
1356:
1328:
1314:
1300:
1286:
1273:
1254:
1245:
1218:
1183:
939:E 1 - Beş Türk Lirası I. Tertip
652:and an endeavor to counter the
498:
338:, the founding ideology of the
175:came to power. He introduced a
4411:Assyrian independence movement
2967:Şehitler ölmez vatan bölünmez!
2836:Zirve Publishing House murders
2826:Assassination of Kemal Türkler
2791:1957 arson attack at Tahtakale
1429:Jürgen Roth and Kamil Taylan:
1231:Britannica Online Encyclopedia
1137:
1122:
996:
970:
944:
932:
426:
373:theories, especially from the
13:
1:
4546:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
4541:Tibetan independence movement
4471:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
4431:Faroese independence movement
4416:Catalan independence movement
2046:CEU Political Science Journal
1701:Butler, Daren (21 May 2011).
1490:, by Robert Fox, 1991, p. 260
925:
555:Anadolunun Bugünki Vazifeleri
397:" system and the ineffective
241:("Homeland" or "Motherland").
4627:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
4536:Taiwan independence movement
4511:Ryukyu independence movement
4421:Champa independence movement
4401:Alsace independence movement
2816:Political violence in Turkey
1565:10.1080/13608746.2011.598359
1452:Annual of Power and Conflict
1078:10.1080/00263206.2014.911177
491:, eventually leading to the
464:), as he stated in his book
352:proclamation of the republic
7:
4491:Mapuche separatist movement
2846:Assassination of Hrant Dink
2751:Turkish War of Independence
2281:Turkish Cypriot nationalism
2087:10.1080/1360200042000296708
1867:"Milliyetçilik Özel Sayısı"
1602:Political Parties in Turkey
1190:Hanioglu, M. Sükrü (2018).
851:
813:. The article also states,
740:) founded the association "
704:Turkish Cypriot nationalism
698:Turkish Cypriot nationalism
571:Turkish-Islamic nationalism
565:Turkish-Islamic nationalism
225:
137:A 5-lira banknote from the
49:Liberation of İzmir of 1922
10:
4918:
4526:Silesian Autonomy Movement
4406:Assam separatist movements
3561:Northern & Middle Asia
2806:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
2459:Nationalist Movement Party
2027:
1433:. Bornheim-Merten, p. 119.
915:Nationalist Movement Party
789:
738:Nationalist Movement Party
720:Neo-Nazism and neo-fascism
701:
648:). The starting point was
581:Nationalist Movement Party
568:
430:
327:
321:
287:in the 11th century), and
159:Pan-Turkism § History
156:
121:, the adoption of the new
101:An illustration depicting
92:
4843:
4795:
4569:
4531:Székely autonomy movement
4393:
4220:
4185:
4140:
4070:
4029:
4011:
4004:
3959:
3916:
3909:
3884:
3848:
3820:
3813:
3740:
3650:
3643:
3608:
3560:
3514:
3429:
3356:
3268:
3261:
3226:
3205:
3164:
3157:
3137:
3116:
3080:
3032:
3025:
3016:
2941:Denial of Kurds by Turkey
2869:
2706:
2530:
2507:Rights and Equality Party
2436:Republican People's Party
2410:
2304:
2286:Turkish-Islamic synthesis
2208:
2137:10.1080/14683840701814018
2116:10.1080/14613199908413984
1865:Bora, Tanil (June 2022).
1003:Landau, Jacob M. (1984).
732:, when a group of former
728:group existed in 1969 in
677:Turkish-Islamic synthesis
638:Aydınlar Ocağı'nın Görüşü
277:Turkish-Islamic synthesis
4461:Greenlandic independence
2961:Armenian genocide denial
2726:1913 Ottoman coup d'état
2487:Independent Turkey Party
2221:Atatürk personality cult
1193:Nationalism and Kemalism
661:1980 Turkish coup d'état
462:Türkçülük or Pan-Türkizm
377:principles advocated by
202:and often influenced by
4887:Anti-Armenian sentiment
2926:Citizen, speak Turkish!
2367:Turkish Revenge Brigade
2216:16 Great Turkic Empires
1688:10.1111/1469-8219.00055
1676:Nations and Nationalism
909:16 Great Turkic Empires
833:, the Turkish novelist
483:which overthrew Sultan
418:Turkish nationality law
258:Grand National Assembly
4897:Anti-Kurdish sentiment
4892:Antisemitism in Turkey
4486:Māori protest movement
2882:Turkish History Thesis
2861:Murder of Deniz Poyraz
2776:Racism-Turanism trials
1516:"Crime of the Century"
1387:. Ekrem Buğra Ekinci,
1129:Xypolia, Ilia (2017).
1066:Middle Eastern Studies
1060:Aytürk, İlker (2014).
1028:Shay, Anthony (2002).
898:Antisemitism in Turkey
752:uniforms and used the
668:
645:
631:
600:
592:
508:
461:
347:
342:features nationalism (
260:
242:
181:Turkish History Thesis
154:
130:
125:, the adoption of the
62:
51:
40:
4516:Scottish independence
4481:Kashubian Association
4203:Indigenous Australian
2909:1934 Resettlement Law
2746:Deportations of Kurds
2668:Gökçe Fırat Çulhaoğlu
2618:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
2497:People's Ascent Party
2397:Youth Union of Turkey
2392:Sultan Murad Division
2362:Peace at Home Council
1464:The Nature of Fascism
1175:Cengiz Gunes (2020).
790:Further information:
633:Intellectuals' Hearth
578:
481:Young Turk Revolution
468:, was also a part of
466:Principles of Turkism
379:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
248:
233:
173:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
136:
117:, the closure of the
100:
46:
35:
4722:Marathi Abhimaangeet
4521:Siberian regionalism
2573:Mehmet Emin Yurdakul
2246:Nine Lights Doctrine
2167:at Wikimedia Commons
2040:5 March 2009 at the
2033:Arman, Murat Necip.
1756:"Turkish Nazi Party"
1651:Celep, Ödül (2010).
1270:, February 18, 2007.
1133:. London: Routledge.
978:"ATATÜRK VE BOZKURT"
298:(which defines the "
235:Mehmet Emin Yurdakul
185:Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın
4882:Turkish nationalism
4813:American Indigenous
4446:Free Papua Movement
3856:Balkar and Karachay
3651:Southeastern Europe
3182:Indigenous Canadian
2904:Animal name changes
2766:1934 Thrace pogroms
2628:Mahmut Esat Bozkurt
2482:Bright Turkey Party
2464:Nation Party (1992)
2454:Nation Party (1962)
2444:Nation Party (1948)
2261:Sun Language Theory
2202:Turkish nationalism
2165:Turkish nationalism
2060:Die Welt des Islams
1766:on 18 February 2014
1760:turknazipartisi.com
1583:21 May 2014 at the
1520:The Weekly Standard
958:on 24 February 2007
903:Sun Language Theory
819:Minister of Justice
529:Battle of Manzikert
210:of Islam; that the
63:Türk milliyetçiliği
55:Turkish nationalism
4858:ethnic nationalism
4561:Welsh independence
4441:Free Aceh Movement
3673:in North Macedonia
3515:South-eastern Asia
3010:Ethnic nationalism
2921:The Twenty Classes
2887:Place name changes
2841:Gezi Park protests
2786:Battle of Tillyria
2721:Hamidian massacres
2583:Ali bey Huseynzade
2009:Turkish Daily News
1959:. 28 December 2005
1736:. 30 December 2021
1391:, 2 February 2015.
759:Today, apart from
714:Republic of Cyprus
601:Türk-İslam sentezi
593:
340:Republic of Turkey
273:national mysticism
261:
243:
195:were proto-Turks.
155:
131:
127:Turkish civil code
52:
41:
4869:
4868:
4612:Catalan Countries
4216:
4215:
4181:
4180:
4136:
4135:
4000:
3999:
3905:
3904:
3639:
3638:
3257:
3256:
3153:
3152:
2976:
2975:
2877:Atatürk's reforms
2756:Elza Niego affair
2741:Assyrian genocide
2736:Armenian genocide
2643:Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu
2593:Zeki Velidi Togan
2568:Noman Çelebicihan
2477:Great Unity Party
2382:Turkists of Gebze
2337:Counter-Guerrilla
2312:9 September Front
2226:Idealism (Turkey)
2163:Media related to
1840:caucasusforum.org
1504:. The Consortium.
1351:978-90-04-12873-6
1226:"Turkish Society"
1155:978-3-030-41586-0
843:Armenian genocide
806:freedom of speech
616:İbrahim Kafesoğlu
375:civic nationalist
356:state nationalism
306:of the people of
304:national identity
293:civic nationalist
103:Atatürk's reforms
16:(Redirected from
4909:
4902:Racism in Turkey
4862:
4747:Republika Srpska
4556:Walloon Movement
4436:Flemish Movement
4009:
4008:
3914:
3913:
3818:
3817:
3648:
3647:
3266:
3265:
3162:
3161:
3030:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2980:
2979:
2811:Beyazıt massacre
2638:Abulfaz Elchibey
2633:Alparslan Türkeş
2473:
2440:
2432:
2431:(Ottoman Empire)
2424:
2423:(Ottoman Empire)
2256:Racism in Turkey
2195:
2188:
2181:
2172:
2171:
2162:
2148:
2119:
2098:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1929:"Kanun No. 5759"
1925:
1919:
1918:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1842:. Archived from
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1762:. Archived from
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1593:
1587:
1576:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1522:. Archived from
1512:
1506:
1505:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1407:
1398:
1392:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1353:, pg. 182 - 183.
1332:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1271:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1089:
1057:
1046:
1045:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
989:
974:
968:
967:
965:
963:
954:. Archived from
948:
942:
936:
768:ultranationalist
766:and the Turkish
654:Marxist ideology
536:Hilmi Ziya Ülken
439:Turanian Society
312:ultranationalism
123:Turkish alphabet
119:sectarian lodges
21:
4917:
4916:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4847:
4839:
4791:
4727:Northern Epirus
4697:Ketuanan Melayu
4565:
4451:Future of Åland
4389:
4325:Native American
4222:Pan-nationalism
4212:
4177:
4141:Northern Europe
4132:
4066:
4025:
4005:Southern Europe
3996:
3955:
3901:
3880:
3844:
3809:
3736:
3635:
3604:
3556:
3510:
3425:
3352:
3253:
3222:
3201:
3192:Native American
3149:
3138:Southern Africa
3133:
3112:
3076:
3018:
3012:
3007:
2977:
2972:
2899:Language reform
2865:
2781:Istanbul pogrom
2771:Dersim massacre
2708:
2702:
2683:Yusuf Halaçoğlu
2673:Kemal Kerinçsiz
2553:Kâzım Karabekir
2526:
2517:Patriotic Party
2471:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2412:
2406:
2372:Turkish Hearths
2357:Ottoman Hearths
2352:Kuva-yi Milliye
2322:Alperen Hearths
2300:
2204:
2199:
2155:
2125:Turkish Studies
2069:
2067:Further reading
2054:Tachau, Frank.
2042:Wayback Machine
2030:
2025:
2024:
2014:
2012:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1901:
1897:
1882:
1878:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1846:on 14 July 2014
1834:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1815:hurriyet.com.tr
1809:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1699:
1695:
1672:
1668:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1631:The Independent
1623:
1619:
1612:
1594:
1590:
1585:Wayback Machine
1549:
1545:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1526:on 13 July 2014
1514:
1513:
1509:
1500:Martin A. Lee.
1498:
1494:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1428:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1399:
1395:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1333:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1274:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1188:
1184:
1173:
1166:
1156:
1142:
1138:
1127:
1123:
1058:
1049:
1042:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
976:
975:
971:
961:
959:
950:
949:
945:
937:
933:
928:
854:
837:, and the late
799:
794:
788:
786:Pro-Europeanism
779:
722:
706:
700:
692:Ülkücü movement
573:
567:
513:Turkish culture
501:
443:Turkish Hearths
435:
429:
384:Social Contract
371:social contract
334:Implemented by
332:
326:
320:
228:
189:Rıfat Osman Bey
177:language reform
161:
95:
79:Muslim identity
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4915:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4682:Karakalpakstan
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4662:East Turkestan
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3960:United Kingdom
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3910:Western Europe
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3849:North Caucasus
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3814:Eastern Europe
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3744:
3742:
3741:Central Europe
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3722:Romani (Gypsy)
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3654:
3652:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3609:South Caucasus
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3578:South Mongolia
3570:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2915:Varlık Vergisi
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2821:Maraş massacre
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2796:Sivas massacre
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2761:Zilan massacre
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2731:Greek genocide
2728:
2723:
2718:
2716:Adana massacre
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
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2675:
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2665:
2660:
2655:
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2645:
2640:
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2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
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2575:
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2565:
2563:Ömer Seyfettin
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2512:National Party
2509:
2504:
2499:
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2492:Homeland Party
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:Workers' Party
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2433:
2425:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2407:
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2399:
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2369:
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2301:
2299:
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2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2231:Islamokemalism
2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2154:
2153:External links
2151:
2150:
2149:
2120:
2099:
2081:(2): 347–365.
2068:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2052:
2049:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
1992:
1970:
1942:
1920:
1913:
1895:
1876:
1857:
1827:
1802:
1777:
1747:
1725:
1719:
1693:
1682:(3): 357–375.
1666:
1657:Insight Turkey
1643:
1617:
1611:978-0714652740
1610:
1588:
1559:(3): 435–447.
1543:
1537:
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1492:
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1422:
1408:
1405:on 28 May 2006
1393:
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1272:
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1244:
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1210:
1182:
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1154:
1136:
1121:
1072:(5): 693–694.
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1013:
995:
969:
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929:
927:
924:
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922:
917:
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873:Neo-Ottomanism
870:
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798:
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787:
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778:
775:
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718:
702:Main article:
699:
696:
650:anti-communism
624:Aydınlar Ocağı
569:Main article:
566:
563:
547:Neo-Ottomanism
525:Turkish people
503:Anatolianism (
500:
497:
489:Ottoman Empire
485:Abdul Hamid II
474:Turkic peoples
431:Main article:
428:
425:
406:state ideology
367:Ottoman Empire
322:Main article:
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169:Ottoman Empire
107:Greek invasion
94:
91:
38:flag of Turkey
26:
9:
6:
4:
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3487:
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3467:
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3448:
3447:in Bangladesh
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3430:Southern Asia
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3165:North America
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3021:
3015:
3011:
3004:
2999:
2997:
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2985:
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2969:
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2962:
2959:
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2910:
2907:
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2902:
2900:
2897:
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2883:
2880:
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2875:
2874:
2872:
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2859:
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2779:
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2759:
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2754:
2752:
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2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2698:Bülent Ecevit
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2678:Meral Akşener
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:Doğu Perinçek
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2613:Nejdet Sançar
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2588:Ahmet Ağaoğlu
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
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2541:
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2536:
2535:
2533:
2529:
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2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
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2490:
2488:
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2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
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2457:
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2450:
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2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:Organizations
2303:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2291:Turkification
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
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2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
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2239:
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2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1981:
1974:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1930:
1924:
1916:
1914:9786057291011
1910:
1906:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1663:(2): 125–142.
1662:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1592:
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1336:
1331:
1323:
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1309:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1282:
1276:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1248:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1213:
1211:9780691175829
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1178:
1171:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1132:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1041:0-8195-6521-0
1037:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1016:
1010:
1006:
999:
983:
979:
973:
957:
953:
947:
940:
935:
931:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
910:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
883:Turkification
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
849:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
822:
820:
816:
812:
807:
803:
793:
783:
774:
772:
769:
765:
762:
757:
755:
754:Hitler salute
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
717:
715:
711:
705:
695:
693:
689:
688:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
590:
587:party in the
586:
582:
577:
572:
562:
560:
556:
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548:
543:
541:
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532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
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490:
486:
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477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
456:Pan-Turkism (
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
434:
424:
421:
419:
416:or religion.
415:
411:
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254:Mustafa Kemal
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4848:
4777:Székely Land
4742:Pashtunistan
4592:Balawaristan
4365:South Slavic
4355:Scandinavian
3885:Volga Region
3499:in Sri Lanka
3357:Eastern Asia
3335:
3218:Puerto Rican
3033:North Africa
3017:Nationalisms
2965:
2913:
2891:
2658:Attilâ İlhan
2603:Papa Eftim I
2578:Yusuf Akçura
2543:Talaat Pasha
2387:TurkHackTeam
2266:Turkish Left
2201:
2131:(1): 73–97.
2128:
2124:
2110:(1): 15–31.
2107:
2103:
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2059:
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2011:. 7 May 2007
2004:
1995:
1983:. Retrieved
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1954:
1945:
1933:. Retrieved
1923:
1904:
1898:
1889:
1879:
1870:
1860:
1848:. Retrieved
1844:the original
1839:
1830:
1818:. Retrieved
1814:
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1790:sabah.com.tr
1789:
1780:
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1764:the original
1759:
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1728:
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1706:
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1524:the original
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1281:The new Asia
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1229:
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946:
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780:
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723:
707:
685:
658:
637:
623:
613:
594:
558:
554:
551:Pan-Islamism
544:
533:
520:
509:Anadoluculuk
502:
499:Anatolianism
493:Three Pashas
478:
465:
455:
447:Pan-Turanism
436:
422:
403:
393:
382:
363:nation state
360:
333:
283:conquest of
262:
238:
197:
162:
75:Tanzimat era
54:
53:
29:
18:Anatolianist
4782:Tamil Eelam
4762:Saraikistan
4642:Hatay State
4597:Balochistan
4551:Wallmapuwen
4245:Bangladeshi
3717:Montenegrin
3621:Azerbaijani
3585:Pan-Turkism
3326:Palestinian
3269:Middle East
3177:Greenlandic
3081:East Africa
2946:Article 301
2936:Surname Law
2648:Namık Kemal
2623:Peyami Safa
2608:Nihal Atsız
2548:Enver Pasha
2538:Ziya Gökalp
2472:(left-wing)
2439:(1923–1944)
2420:Young Turks
2347:Grey Wolves
2327:Atsız Youth
2296:Ulusalcılık
2251:Pan-Turkism
1907:. Yenisey.
1087:11693/12599
962:24 February
941:tcmb.gov.tr
858:Pan-Turkism
835:Elif Shafak
831:Orhan Pamuk
802:Article 301
792:White Turks
764:Grey Wolves
761:neo-fascist
673:Pan-Turkism
620:Karakhanids
470:Ziya Gökalp
451:Pan-Turkism
433:Pan-Turkism
427:Pan-Turkism
265:Pan-Turkism
250:Ziya Gökalp
204:Ziya Gökalp
151:Pan-Turkism
111:abandonment
83:Pan-Turkism
4876:Categories
4828:Indigenous
4772:Sindhudesh
4752:Santa Cruz
4672:Hutu Power
4602:Bangsamoro
4193:Australian
4168:Lithuanian
4083:Andalusian
3861:Circassian
3825:Belarusian
3773:in Austria
3707:Macedonian
3663:in Albania
3552:Vietnamese
3386:Hongkonger
3379:chauvinist
3060:Pharaonism
2707:Historical
2693:Sinan Oğan
2688:Ümit Özdağ
2522:Good Party
2342:Deep State
2332:Black Gang
2236:İttihadism
1890:MedyaScope
1401:Newspaper
1343:9004128735
1260:Ayşe Hür,
1014:0865319863
988:11 January
926:References
868:Ottomanism
839:Hrant Dink
515:should be
410:Article 66
399:Ottomanism
328:See also:
163:After the
157:See also:
4732:Occitania
4717:Manchukuo
4707:Lezgistan
4702:Kurdistan
4647:Hazarajat
4632:Circassia
4394:Movements
4345:Pakistani
4320:Mongolian
4260:Congolese
4173:Norwegian
4163:Icelandic
4128:Valencian
4123:Navarrese
4108:Castilian
4088:Aragonese
4052:Sardinian
3835:Ukrainian
3805:Slovenian
3785:Hungarian
3700:in Cyprus
3680:Aromanian
3668:in Kosovo
3573:Mongolian
3489:Sinhalese
3459:Dravidian
3416:Taiwanese
3364:Cantonese
3341:in Cyprus
3311:Jordanian
3234:Argentine
3206:Caribbean
3197:Québécois
3145:Afrikaner
2653:Gün Sazak
2558:Ali Suavi
2411:Political
2402:Wind Unit
2145:145194000
2095:143320570
1573:154513216
1530:14 August
1112:143785390
1096:0026-3206
605:far-right
585:far-right
414:ethnicity
302:" as the
193:Sumerians
147:grey wolf
4692:Katarism
4617:Chameria
4570:Projects
4375:Turanian
4370:Tunisian
4340:Oceanian
4330:Nigerian
4280:Hispanic
4275:Germanic
4265:European
4198:Hawaiian
4148:Estonian
4118:Galician
4103:Canarian
4093:Asturian
4062:Venetian
4057:Sicilian
4047:Padanian
4021:Corsican
3982:Scottish
3876:Ossetian
3795:Silesian
3778:Völkisch
3753:Bavarian
3748:Austrian
3727:Romanian
3712:Moldovan
3690:Croatian
3658:Albanian
3626:Georgian
3616:Armenian
3595:Siberian
3522:Filipino
3437:Assamese
3406:Okinawan
3391:Japanese
3321:Lebanese
3299:Diaspora
3281:Assyrian
3249:Peruvian
3158:Americas
3108:Tigrayan
3055:Egyptian
2893:Öztürkçe
2870:Policies
2598:Rıza Nur
2276:Turanism
2241:Kemalism
2209:Ideology
2038:Archived
1985:13 April
1956:BBC News
1581:Archived
1104:24585883
982:Archived
878:Turanism
863:Kemalism
852:See also
726:neo-Nazi
681:Kemalism
517:Anatolia
381:and his
324:Kemalism
296:Kemalism
285:Anatolia
269:Turanism
226:Variants
220:Minarets
87:Turanism
4767:Silesia
4737:Ossetia
4712:Luhansk
4687:Karelia
4677:Ilirida
4657:Donetsk
4582:Assyria
4385:Ugandan
4350:Russian
4295:Iranian
4285:Iberian
4255:Chinese
4230:African
4186:Oceania
4158:Finnish
4153:Faroese
4113:Catalan
4078:Spanish
4042:Lombard
4037:Italian
3977:English
3972:Cornish
3967:British
3951:Walloon
3946:Occitan
3931:Flemish
3921:Arpitan
3892:Chuvash
3840:Yiddish
3830:Russian
3763:Frisian
3732:Serbian
3685:Bosniak
3590:Pashtun
3506:Tripuri
3479:Punjabi
3442:Bengali
3421:Tibetan
3369:Chinese
3336:Turkish
3316:Kurdish
3304:Zionism
3295:Jewish
3286:Iranian
3244:Mapuche
3239:Criollo
3213:Haitian
3172:Chicano
3117:Nigeria
3072:Sahrawi
2413:parties
2028:Sources
1871:Birikim
1740:17 July
1707:Reuters
1403:Radikal
1267:Radikal
665:Turkish
642:Turkish
628:Turkish
603:) is a
597:Turkish
559:Anadolu
521:Anadolu
505:Turkish
458:Turkish
344:Turkish
336:Atatürk
289:secular
200:secular
167:of the
141:era in
139:Atatürk
113:of the
93:History
71:Turkish
59:Turkish
4823:German
4808:Racial
4652:Danzig
4637:Crimea
4622:Champa
4587:Azawad
4577:Arakan
4380:Turkic
4360:Slavic
4335:Nordic
4315:Libyan
4305:Korean
4290:Indian
4270:Finnic
4250:Celtic
4098:Basque
4016:Basque
3987:Ulster
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3926:Breton
3871:Lezgin
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3800:Slovak
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3768:German
3644:Europe
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3568:Baloch
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3464:Hazara
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2271:Taksim
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1963:1 July
1935:1 July
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1820:7 July
1795:7 July
1770:7 July
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1636:21 May
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669:irtica
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281:Seljuk
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4818:Black
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4787:Tibet
4757:Sápmi
4310:Latin
4300:Iraqi
4240:Asian
4208:Māori
4071:Spain
4030:Italy
3992:Welsh
3941:Irish
3897:Tatar
3758:Czech
3695:Greek
3532:Malay
3527:Khmer
3494:Tamil
3291:Iraqi
3129:Ogoni
2141:S2CID
2091:S2CID
1569:S2CID
1385:p. 23
1116:JSTOR
1108:S2CID
1100:JSTOR
811:years
730:İzmir
687:ummah
609:Islam
583:is a
540:Turan
300:Turks
239:vatan
216:adhan
212:Quran
4850:Note
4235:Arab
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3474:Naga
3454:Bodo
3348:Zaza
3276:Arab
3262:Asia
3124:Igbo
3098:Hutu
3040:Arab
2017:2008
1987:2007
1965:2008
1937:2008
1909:ISBN
1852:2014
1822:2014
1797:2014
1772:2014
1742:2022
1714:2014
1638:2014
1606:ISBN
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1532:2019
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1339:ISBN
1239:2008
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