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Goodfellow B.W.; Viola G.; Bingen B.; Nuriel P.; Kylander-Clark A. (2017). "Palaeocene faulting in SE Sweden from U–Pb dating of slickenfibre calcite".
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2018:
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The Alpine orogeny is considered one of the three major phases of orogeny in Europe that define the geology of that continent, along with the
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1960:
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Sometimes other names occur to describe the formation of separate mountain ranges: for example
Carpathian orogeny for the
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The Alpine orogeny has also led to the formation of more distant and smaller geological features such as the
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511:(2011). "Geomorphic Diversity of the Sudetes - Effects of the structure and global change superimposed".
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455:"Vein calcite dating reveals Pyrenean orogen as cause of Paleogene deformation in southern England"
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Tectonic map of southern Europe and the Middle East, showing tectonic structures of the western
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from the north, and many smaller plates and microplates) had already begun in the early
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Formation of the Alpine mountain ranges of Europe, the Middle East and northwest Africa
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to Eocene. The process continues currently in some of the Alpide mountain ranges.
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432:(in Serbian). Belgrade: University of Belgrade Faculty of Geography. p. 60.
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and northern France, the remains of which can be seen in the chalk ridges of the
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and the Old Red
Sandstone Continent collided in the middle to late Paleozoic.
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350:. Stresses arising from the Alpine orogeny caused the Cenozoic uplift of the
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Parrish, Randall R.; Parrish, Claire M.; Lasalle, Stephanie (May 2018).
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in southern
England. Its effects are particularly visible on the
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strata are folded to near-vertical, as seen in exposures at
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114:, but the major phases of mountain building began in the
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Encyclopedia of Earth
Sciences Series, London, 825 pp.
452:
416:
Encyclopedia of
European and Asian Regional Geology.
427:
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428:Petrović, Dragutin; Manojlović, Predrag (2003).
414:Moores, E.M., Fairbridge, R.W. (Editors), 1998:
164:These mountains include (from west to east) the
62:The Alpine orogeny is caused by the continents
57:
1632:
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302:The Alpine orogeny and more distant mountains
159:
50:that has formed the mountain ranges of the
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18:
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1971:West and Central African Rift System
1647:Major African geological formations
13:
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459:Journal of the Geological Society
969:
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78:colliding (from the south) with
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362:in southern Sweden during the
1:
1263:European Cenozoic Rift System
401:
146:Hercynian or Variscan orogeny
354:mountain range and possibly
7:
1453:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
369:
127:Old Red Sandstone Continent
58:The cause of Alpine orogeny
46:(Eoalpine) and the current
10:
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1785:Central African Shear Zone
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2162:Central Pangean Mountains
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1984:
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1815:Western Meseta Shear Zone
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1371:Jan Mayen Microcontinent
286:, Altai orogeny for the
160:Mountain ranges included
1313:Peri-Caspian Depression
1042:Hallandian-Danopolonian
396:Geology of the Himalaya
2182:Eastern Rift mountains
2104:Tanzania Coastal Basin
1883:Terra Australis Orogen
1155:Scandinavian Mountains
673:Bosnia and Herzegovina
308:Weald–Artois Anticline
208:, the Balkanides (the
27:
2197:Great Karas Mountains
2177:Eastern Arc Mountains
1717:Arabian-Nubian Shield
1323:White Sea Rift System
588:at Wikimedia Commons
358:rocks as far away as
22:
2094:Somali Coastal Basin
1805:Mwembeshi Shear Zone
1429:Fennoscandian Craton
1424:East European Craton
178:Cantabrian Mountains
129:when the continents
102:from the south, the
84:Convergent movements
25:Alpide mountain belt
2372:Geology of the Alps
2367:Orogenies of Europe
2357:Orogenies of Africa
2272:Teffedest Mountains
2187:Ethiopian Highlands
1878:Pan-African orogens
1848:East African Orogen
1780:Broodkop Shear Zone
1752:West African Craton
1695:Victoria Microplate
1318:Timan-Pechora Basin
1253:Dnieper–Donets Rift
1170:Western Carpathians
548:2017TeNov..29..321G
514:Geographia Polonica
479:10.1144/jgs2017-107
471:2018JGSoc.175..425P
391:Geology of the Alps
108:Anatolian Sub-Plate
2392:Geology of Morocco
2387:Geology of Algeria
2382:Cenozoic orogenies
2377:Mesozoic orogenies
2336:List of inselbergs
2306:Jugurtha Tableland
2257:Sankwala Mountains
2252:Rwenzori Mountains
2069:Ouled Abdoun Basin
2064:Orange River Basin
1986:Sedimentary basins
1795:Foumban Shear Zone
1737:Saharan Metacraton
1471:Calanques de Piana
1225:basins and grabens
237:Armenian Highlands
204:(Hellenides), the
198:Accursed Mountains
190:Apennine Mountains
123:Caledonian orogeny
42:phase in the Late
28:
2362:Orogenies of Asia
2344:
2343:
2277:Tibesti Mountains
2237:Mitumba Mountains
2227:Mandara Mountains
2212:Imatong Mountains
2167:Chaillu Mountains
2147:Bambouk Mountains
2084:Rio del Rey Basin
2054:Niger Delta Basin
2039:Iullemmeden Basin
1931:Gulf of Suez Rift
1926:East African Rift
1911:Bahr el Arab rift
1858:Gondwanide Orogen
1790:Chuan Shear Zones
1614:
1613:
1551:Monte San Giorgio
1447:
1446:
1404:Armorican terrane
1208:Mediterranean Sea
622:Geology of Europe
584:Media related to
556:10.1111/ter.12280
292:Himalayan orogeny
200:(Albanides), the
174:Baetic Cordillera
2404:
2397:Geology of Spain
2232:Marrah Mountains
2207:Hoggar Mountains
2202:Guinea Highlands
2192:Great Escarpment
1956:Sangha Aulacogen
1873:Mauritanide Belt
1800:Kandi Fault Zone
1775:Aswa Dislocation
1690:Seychelles Plate
1680:Madagascar Plate
1641:
1634:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1511:Jungfrau-Aletsch
1496:Giant's Causeway
1434:Sarmatian Craton
1351:Aegean Sea Plate
1248:Central Lowlands
1243:Baltic Sea Basin
1223:Intracontinental
985:
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980:Geologic regions
973:
924:Northern Ireland
615:
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312:Southern England
280:Hellenic orogeny
225:Pontic Mountains
210:Balkan Mountains
125:that formed the
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2401:
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2301:Mount Gorongosa
2281:
2142:Aurès Mountains
2137:Atlas Mountains
2124:Mountain ranges
2118:
2004:Blue Nile Basin
1980:
1976:White Nile rift
1887:
1853:Eburnean Orogen
1819:
1810:Todi Shear Zone
1761:
1757:Zimbabwe Craton
1742:Tanzania Craton
1732:Kalahari Craton
1727:Kaapvaal Craton
1699:
1648:
1645:
1615:
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1461:Aeolian Islands
1443:
1390:
1356:Anatolian Plate
1338:microcontinents
1336:
1333:Tectonic plates
1327:
1303:Pannonian Basin
1293:North Sea Basin
1268:Hellenic Trench
1233:Aquitaine Basin
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1217:
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1107:Mountain ranges
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827:North Macedonia
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288:Altai Mountains
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88:tectonic plates
76:Cimmerian Plate
60:
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12:
11:
5:
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2321:Mont Niénokoué
2318:
2316:Mulanje Massif
2313:
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2267:Serra da Chela
2264:
2259:
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2242:Nuba Mountains
2239:
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2229:
2224:
2222:Loma Mountains
2219:
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2152:Blue Mountains
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2099:Taoudeni Basin
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1936:Lamu Embayment
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1921:Blue Nile rift
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1903:
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1361:Eurasian Plate
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1346:Adriatic Plate
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1180:Oceanic basins
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1087:Sveconorwegian
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914:United Kingdom
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586:Alpine orogeny
576:
575:External links
573:
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542:(5): 321–328.
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465:(3): 425–442.
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430:Geomorfologija
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386:Fold mountains
383:
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376:Andean orogeny
371:
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340:Whitecliff Bay
330:and overlying
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161:
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104:Eurasian Plate
82:in the north.
74:and the small
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36:Alpide orogeny
32:Alpine orogeny
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2217:Jebel Uweinat
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2157:Cameroon line
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2132:AĂŻr Mountains
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2114:Turkana Basin
2112:
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2109:Tindouf Basin
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2079:Reggane Basin
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1904:
1902:
1901:Afar Triangle
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1868:Kuunga Orogen
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Damara Orogen
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:Alpine Orogen
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1747:Tuareg Shield
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:Lwandle Plate
1673:Microplates:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1663:African Plate
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1546:Monte Perdido
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1476:Curonian Spit
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:Moesian Plate
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1366:Iberian Plate
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1283:Molasse Basin
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1238:Barents Basin
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1213:Norwegian Sea
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:Bay of Biscay
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:Ore Mountains
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
990:
986:
983:
981:
977:
972:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
916:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
787:Liechtenstein
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
767:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
721:
720:Ă…land Islands
718:
717:
716:
713:
711:
708:
704:
703:Faroe Islands
701:
700:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
633:
631:
627:
623:
616:
611:
609:
604:
602:
597:
596:
593:
589:
587:
582:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
536:
528:
520:
516:
515:
510:
504:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
449:
441:
439:86-82657-32-5
435:
431:
424:
417:
411:
407:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
373:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:Lulworth Cove
345:
342:, and on the
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:Isle of Wight
321:
317:
313:
309:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:in the early
139:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
96:Arabian Plate
93:
92:African Plate
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
21:
2289:(aka koppie)
2074:Owambo Basin
2059:Ogaden Basin
2049:Murzuq Basin
2019:Douala Basin
1994:Angola Basin
1966:Urema Valley
1951:Red Sea Rift
1946:Muglad Basin
1916:Benue Trough
1832:
1722:Congo Craton
1685:Rovuma Plate
1669:Somali Plate
1596:Stevns Klint
1439:Volgo–Uralia
1288:Moscow Basin
1193:Arctic Ocean
1130:Dinaric Alps
1082:Svecofennian
1021:
1001:
578:
539:
533:
527:
518:
512:
509:Migoń, Piotr
503:
462:
458:
448:
429:
423:
415:
410:
326:, where the
305:
273:
194:Dinaric Alps
163:
148:that formed
120:
100:Indian Plate
86:between the
61:
35:
31:
29:
2172:Drakensberg
2089:Sirte Basin
2044:Kufra Basin
2034:Gabon Basin
2029:Karoo Basin
2014:Congo Basin
1961:Atbara rift
1941:Melut Basin
1906:Anza trough
1767:Shear zones
1606:Thingvellir
1576:Rhine Gorge
1386:Tisza Plate
1381:Pelso Plate
1308:Paris Basin
1278:Mezen Basin
1027:Dalslandian
959:Isle of Man
899:Switzerland
822:Netherlands
381:Fault block
346:coast near
328:Chalk Group
320:South Downs
276:Carpathians
206:Carpathians
52:Alpide belt
2351:Categories
2311:Mount Mabu
2296:Anti-Atlas
2287:Inselbergs
2009:Chad Basin
1561:Nærøyfjord
1556:Mount Etna
1536:Messel Pit
1506:High Coast
1258:Ebro Basin
1052:Laxfordian
1022:Carpathian
1017:Caledonian
1007:Belomorian
869:San Marino
817:Montenegro
797:Luxembourg
772:Kazakhstan
658:Azerbaijan
535:Terra Nova
402:References
267:, and the
257:Hindu Kush
233:Antitaurus
144:, and the
112:Cretaceous
2331:Zuma Rock
2326:Wase Rock
1481:Dolomites
1298:Oslo Rift
1203:Black Sea
1120:Apennines
939:Gibraltar
837:Jan Mayen
792:Lithuania
630:Countries
564:134545534
521:: 93–105.
495:134690307
487:0016-7649
364:Paleocene
296:Himalayas
269:Himalayas
265:Karakoram
142:Paleozoic
135:Laurentia
116:Paleocene
2024:El Djouf
1591:St Kilda
1581:Scandola
1571:Plitvice
1486:Durmitor
1466:Aggtelek
1419:Cimmeria
1409:Avalonia
1396:Terranes
1150:Pyrenees
1125:Caucasus
1097:Variscan
1077:Timanide
1072:Scourian
1067:Scandian
1047:Hellenic
1037:Grampian
1012:Cadomian
949:Guernsey
944:Alderney
929:Scotland
884:Slovenia
879:Slovakia
854:Portugal
842:Svalbard
678:Bulgaria
370:See also
336:Alum Bay
294:for the
282:for the
241:Caucasus
182:Pyrenees
154:Gondwana
138:collided
106:and the
98:and the
48:Cenozoic
44:Mesozoic
40:orogenic
1825:Orogens
1709:shields
1705:Cratons
1601:Surtsey
1586:Ĺ kocjan
1541:Meteora
1531:Laponia
1526:Kvarken
1414:Baltica
1160:Sudetes
1092:Uralian
1062:Saamian
1032:Gothian
997:Acadian
989:Orogens
919:England
909:Ukraine
859:Romania
807:Moldova
757:Ireland
752:Iceland
747:Hungary
737:Germany
732:Georgia
715:Finland
710:Estonia
698:Denmark
683:Croatia
668:Belgium
663:Belarus
653:Austria
648:Armenia
643:Andorra
638:Albania
544:Bibcode
467:Bibcode
356:faulted
352:Sudetes
290:or the
223:), the
221:massifs
218:Rhodope
150:Pangaea
131:Baltica
80:Eurasia
1999:Aoukar
1654:Plates
1501:Glarus
1057:Lopian
1002:Alpine
954:Jersey
904:Turkey
894:Sweden
874:Serbia
864:Russia
849:Poland
832:Norway
812:Monaco
782:Latvia
777:Kosovo
766:Sicily
742:Greece
727:France
688:Cyprus
562:
493:
485:
436:
344:Dorset
332:Eocene
284:Pindus
263:, the
259:, the
255:, the
251:, the
249:Zagros
247:, the
245:Alborz
243:, the
239:, the
235:, the
231:, the
229:Taurus
227:, the
202:Pindus
196:, the
192:, the
188:, the
184:, the
180:, the
176:, the
172:, the
168:, the
94:, the
68:Arabia
64:Africa
38:is an
1893:Rifts
1566:Pirin
1165:Urals
934:Wales
889:Spain
802:Malta
762:Italy
560:S2CID
491:S2CID
360:Ă–land
316:North
261:Pamir
253:Hajar
166:Atlas
152:when
90:(the
72:India
1707:and
1521:Komi
1135:Harz
1115:Alps
483:ISSN
434:ISBN
338:and
318:and
214:Rila
212:and
186:Alps
133:and
70:and
30:The
1335:and
552:doi
475:doi
463:175
310:in
170:Rif
34:or
2353::
558:.
550:.
540:29
538:.
517:.
489:.
481:.
473:.
461:.
457:.
366:.
298:.
278:,
271:.
66:,
54:.
1640:e
1633:t
1626:v
768:)
764:(
614:e
607:t
600:v
566:.
554::
546::
519:2
497:.
477::
469::
442:.
216:-
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