632:, the first modern Persian encyclopedia: a multi-volume, alphabetically ordered work, containing biographical articles about Muslim and non-Muslim scholars, poets, physicians, mystics, and others from the rise of Islam to the Qajar period. To gather material, Aliqoli Mirza ordered the Shah's decree to be communicated to the governors of the provinces, so that each could document information about the scholars of their region. He also invited a group of prominent scholars and writers who were willing to collaborate on compiling this work, and after interviewing and examining them, he selected four qualified people and commissioned them to write this book. The selected authors were Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Shams al-Ulama Abd al-Rabbadi, Mirza Abolfazl Savji, Mullah Abdul Wahab Qazvini, and Mirza Hassan Taleghani. Under the editorship of Sheikh Mohammad, Aliqoli Mirza saw the first volume of the book published during his lifetime. After his death, directorship of the project was handed over to Etemad al-Saltanah, who dismissed Mirza Hassan because of his Bábi beliefs. Etemad al-Saltanah managed to finish six volumes, up to the letter
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651:, Aliqoli Mirza, in addition to his personal library, used the large library of Aqa seyyed Ali, a merchant of Tehran, with local sources in various dialects, which the authors had to translate as accurately as possible. As explained in the preface, he set up a special framework for compiling biographies, which has some noteworthy points, including the scope of the encyclopedia — the history of all scholars of the Islamic world, in alphabetical order and written in chronological order for each person, explaining difficult terms and words. He inserted a rich selection of each person's works and translated them into Persian if necessary, mentioned anecdotes about them, wrote content in understandable prose for the general public, and avoided any prejudice.
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941:, an intellectual and traveler, with all the criticisms he had of other high-ranking officials of the period, praised Aliqoli Mirza, stating that he was skillful, criticisable, and always ready to listen to suggestions. As an influential prince who could confront the shah's authority, he was able to withstand conservative pressure and displayed unorthodox views freely, especially in the areas of modern sciences and the study of religion. He patronised a generation of literary and cultural figures and even harbored non-conformists in his circle.
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586:, and managed to finish the first and most extensive volume before his death in 1879. After his death, Etemad al-Saltanah became the director of the project and published six volumes before it was abandoned in 1906–1907. Etemad al-Saltanah gained these positions with his obedience to the Shah, as he tended to censor all news of the state for Naser al-Din Shah in a sycophantic way and show others in a negative light to him; whereas Aliqoli Mirza, partly because of the support of Malek Jahan, never hid his opinions.
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backlash from the clergy. Also, part of it was because
Aliqoli Mirza belonged to the Government Consultative Council formed by Naser al-Din Shah in the early 1860s. As the minister, Aliqoli Mirza sent a group of forty-two students to France for further education in scientific, technical, and medical fields, and translated and published a few French articles in the
366:; Aliqoli Mirza was under strong suspicion when the royal guards found Abdol-Rahim Heravi hiding in his house. To discharge himself, he was pressured not only to surrender Abdol-Rahim, but to organise a raid by his servants on a Bábi meeting place in Tehran. However, Aliqoli Mirza mediated for Abdol-Rahim to only be imprisoned; he later took refuge in
346:, whose income was delivered to Malek Jahan and was used in her household. In 1848, Mohammad Shah died, and a council of statemen, called the People's Council – presided by Malek Jahan Khanom – was formed. Aliqoli Mirza was a member and also a candidate for premiership, along with Mirza Nazar Ali Khan. However, when the new Shah,
547:. As the telegraph grew speedily in Persia, Naser al-Din Shah in 1876–1877 created the telegraph office, with Aliqoli Khan Mokber al-Dowleh as its minister. Responsibilities for trade, mines, and industries were also assigned to new ministries, although for a time in 1876–1877, Aliqoli Mirza regained control of the mines.
948:, who with the help of the prince was introduced to the court of the Shah; the essayist Mirza Taher Isfahani; and Mirza Ahmad Kashani, a teacher of traditional medicine in Dar ul-Funun. His opponents generally accused him and his literary circle of nocturnal gatherings and hedonistic proclivities, including
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at the Shah's side, as he himself was becoming a less important figure for Naser al-Din Shah, especially after the death of Malek Jahan Khanom in 1873. He formed a rivalry with Etemad al-Saltanah when the latter became "the chronicler of the court" by the Shah's orders. In 1877, most of the positions
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Though by the standards of Amir Kabir's statesmanship, the achievements of his long tenure as minister were meager, he nevertheless was a realistic conduit for modernisation at a time when external and internal conditions were not favourable for such change. His career traits of cultural nationalism
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as his chosen prime minister, the council was abolished. Mirza Nazar Ali was sent into exile and Malek Jahan's official role was severely reduced, but
Aliqoli Mirza retained his position as her minister. However, his initial presence on the council made Amir Kabir mistrust him, which persisted until
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Aliqoli Mirza has been described as one of the most influential intellectuals of the Qajar era. Across his many positions, his motivation was to spread modern
European ideas in Iran and avoid the usual court quarrels. He was able to integrate aspects of modern European technological and educational
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was written at a time when
Aliqoli Mirza had been accused of being a Bábi and had received threats from the public. The early version of the book was published as an answer to the accusers, and was read in the court in front of Naser al-Din Shah. The Shah, who was pleased with Aliqoli Mirza's work,
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is still used by scholars and writers. This work was the first group effort of the new era in Iran, which was created with specific plans, ideas and budgets under the full supervision of the government. A special unit of the
Ministry of Science, the Nameh-ye Daneshvaran Compilation Assembly, wrote
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In 1860, Naser al-Din Shah created the
Ministry of Sciences and, on the advice of his mother, appointed Aliqoli Mirza as Persia's first Minister of Sciences. His decision mainly was due to Aliqoli Mirza's mixed support for aspects of both modernity and tradition, since the Shah wanted to prevent a
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was in 1852 or 1853, when he was appointed as a chief examiner and inspector to Amir Kabir's new government college. Although he was no longer in the service of Malek Jahan, he maintained good relations with her to avoid losing his powerful ally. He even married Mah Sultan Khanum, a dancer of the
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Aliqoli Mirza later criticised many of his earlier opinions in the work, and described his "one-sided" writing style as traditional historiography. Aliqoli Mirza would become the pioneer of so-called Modern
Historiography. He described his new technique as "abandoning the use of obligatory and
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By the end of the decade, he became the supervisor of education and crafts; director of a
European-model public hospital in Dar ul-Funun, and director of government newspapers and printing houses in Tehran and in the provinces. He built telegraph lines and modern factories, and he governed his
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established the
Ministry of Science and appointed Aliqoli Mirza as its first Minister of Science. He served for 22 years and held various other positions, such as Minister of Mines and supervisor of education and crafts. He was responsible for building Persia's first telegraph line, he ran the
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came from personal correspondence with the
Armenian patriarchs and visiting the cathedrals in Tehran. Aliqoli Mirza also describes the history of the claimants of prophethood, and wrote the biographies of several of them. This account had a short section about Bábism, taken from
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a weekly newspaper founded in 1866, under the editorship of Hakim Semnani. In the beginning it was intended to reflect public opinion, but it soon turned into a literary journal, and published biographical articles on classical and contemporary Persian poets.
374:. Although Aliqoli Mirza may have collaborated with Amir Kabir's opponents, there is no evidence to support the idea that he was among those who plotted Amir Kabir's dismissal and execution. He even stated that with Amir Kabir's death, "Persia, too, died."
502:, Persia's first scholarly journal. This government-funded group, the only one organized during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah, was selected entirely on the basis of their scholarly worth rather than family status. In 1860–1861, Aliqoli Mirza appointed
569:, but was disappointed to find out that he was acting as an "obsequious propaganda puppet", in his words, and resigned from his position. Afterwards, he joined the opposition of Sepahsalar, mostly because of his fear of losing his positions.
244: from Tbilisi, Gol-Pirhan Khanum. He received the traditional princely education and possibly learned the basics of modern sciences while serving as an attendant in his father's court. Aliqoli Mirza was closest to his younger brother,
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held by Aliqoli Mirza in the fields of culture, journalism, and press surveillance were transferred to Etemad al-Saltanah by order of the Shah; Aliqoli Mirza intended to recover the respect of Naser al-Din Shah with
811:. In addition, the scholars, poets, and mystics of the first Qajar era are mentioned in great detail. In his historiography, Aliqoli Mirza strongly favors some people and sharply opposes others, among these
283:. Khayyam had an influential role in Aliqoli Mirza's life, as, according to him, he never went to sleep without reading at least one of Khayyam's poems. Aliqoli Mirza witnessed the rise of
758:. This debate was on whether the rise of Báb was a result of Shaykhism, and thus Bábism could be the heir of Shaykhism, or whether Báb and his followers digressed from the trueness of
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Aliqoli Mirza wrote two books on the religions of Iran and Middle East with a history of the claimants of prophecy. One also contains a look at the history of the religions outside of
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pardoned him. However, he later rewrote the book into a historical account, containing information on how Bábism was formed and introducing some of its prominent figures, such as
252:, had been the ambassador of Iran to France, and taught his knowledge of the Western world to the young prince, introducing him to writers of the Age of Enlightenment such as
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While Aliqoli Mirza wrote a variety of books on topics ranging from history to astronomy, his most important scientific work was a Persian-language interpretation of
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as the college's principal and manager of day-to-day affairs, and built a large library, filled with his books and books brought by foreign teachers. Encouraged by
272:. In his early puberty, Aliqoli Mirza's conservative nature began to form, as he was put under the teachings of Mirza Nazar Ali Hakim bashi Qazvini, an influential
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and publication of historical and scientific works about Iran, as well as in his implicit support in the early 1860s for dissident figures, such as his brother
851:, dismissed the belief in the auspicious or ominous influences of celestial bodies. His criticism of astrology followed the model of such classical scholars as
807:. The second volume, written in 1842, contains the history of the first Qajar kings and their backgrounds, and continues until the eighth year of the reign of
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and the European teachers, in 1858 Aliqoli Mirza proposed to the Shah to build the first government-operated telegraph line in Persia, between Tehran and
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Aliqoli Mirza officially became the headmaster of Dar ul-Funun in 1858, and remained until the end of his life. He appointed the young
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and suffers from the same biases and inaccuracies as its source. The last section of the book is a debate between the prince and
457:. The telegraph line was engineered by Ahmad Karzbar, one of the teachers of Dar ul-Funun. In July 1859, when the Shah camped in
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863:. Aliqoli Mirza's progressive thoughts were very unusual for his era; he believed in the originality of human action and in
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estate, whose income he spent to expand Dar ul-Funun. In 1865–1866, Aliqoli Mirza had another telegraph line built between
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advances, without losing sight of the achievements of his own culture, and apply them with tact to the Qajar environment.
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465:, and it soon afterwards reached Tabriz. In the same year, a failed assassination attempt and accusations made towards
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223:. Although his conservative proclivities slowed his initiatives, his work nevertheless proved influential during the
565:, he recruited Aliqoli Mirza as a member. Aliqoli Mirza at first had hopes of the council becoming a European-style
477:, prompted Naser al-Din Shah to close down the Dar ul-Funun, but Aliqoli Mirza with his influence, prevented this.
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In February 1850, Amir Kabir's agents exposed an alleged Bábi plot to assassinate both the prime minister and the
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and befriended many Bábists in his youth. One of them was Abdol-Rahim Heravi, who helped him gather a library.
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In 1873, when the Shah organised the Council of Benevolent Reforms on the advice of the new prime minister,
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799:, written in two volumes, which he began in 1837, when he was 15 years old. The first volume begins with
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Aliqoli Mirza accompanied the Shah on his trip to Europe in 1873 and was one of the signers of the
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192:'s theories. Other notable works that he produced or participated in the composition of include:
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972:. His modernist nature reflected upon Dar ul-Funun as it later became one of the sources of the
554:. He launched his most important scholarly contribution, the first modern Persian encyclopedia,
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1831:"A Study of the Timeliness of Narrative in the Exir al-Tavarikh Based on Gerard Genet's Theory"
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Baghestani, Ismael (2009). "massive books of the Qajar era, case study: Name-ye Daneshvaran".
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Taheri, Mahbobeh; Sarafrazi, Abbas; Khajehmirza, Mahmoud; Asadbeigi, Ardeshir (Autumn 2020).
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Aliqoli Mirza was born on 7 December 1822, the forty-seventh son of Fath-Ali Shah with his
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298:, in 1837. He later criticised the work as "excessively influenced by Abd al-Razzak Bey's
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597:, founded some of the most prominent literary circles and had an important role in the
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Aliqoli Mirza entered the politics of Qajar Iran in the early 1840s when his nephew,
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college, he was the headmaster of the school and played a key role in its survival.
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1766:"A study of the historiographical methods of Prince Aliqoli Mirza Etezadolsaltaneh"
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praising titles and paying attention to the context and brevity of the history".
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Collection of articles of the first national conference on encyclopaedia in Iran
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605:'s reign, he was bestowed the title Motazed Al-Saltanah and died after 1904.
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889:, is considered the manifesto of Aliqoli Mirza's Modern Historiography.
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Aliqoli Mirza's literary circles of 1850s and 1860s included the poet
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Shah's court, with her blessing. He also received the governorate of
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The young prince also had an interest in Iranian poetry, especially
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Life, works and historiography of Aliqoli Mirza Etezad os-Saltaneh
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Aliqoli Mirza also had many unpublished works, such as his divan
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Aliqoli Mirza wrote various works in different fields, including
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and tried to spread its ideals in Iran. During the heyday of the
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By the mid-1870s, Aliqoli Mirza noted the excessive presence of
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593:. He married once, and had a son and a daughter. His daughter,
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434:'Assistant to the Monarchy'), mainly because his book,
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127:; 7 December 1822 – 14 December 1880) was an Iranian prince of
1856:"Aliqoli Mirza Etezad Al-Saltanah, First Minister of Sciences"
461:, the line was to be used between the capital and the camp in
196:, a collection of biographies of Iranian and Muslim scholars;
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725:, then analyses his beliefs. He was even aware of the former
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1781:. Tehran: Encyclopaedia Foundation of Iran. pp. 62–66.
338:. He administered her affairs, including the governorate of
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government printing house, and he held the governorates of
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and scholar who served as the first Minister of Science in
1798:"The Evolution of Historiography in Etezadosaltaneh's Era"
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Aliqoli Mirza died on 14 December 1880, and was buried in
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illustrations. Aliqoli Mirza also was the director of the
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Godarzi, Masoumeh; Dehghan Nežad, Morteza (Spring 2017).
407:. In 1857, he was bestowed the title Etezad os-Saltaneh (
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containing important information about the war with the
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Journal of Historical Perspective and Historiography
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1906:The generations are numbered from the ascension of
1749:(in Persian). Tehran: Farhang Bonyan Publications.
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489:Aliqoli Mirza as the minister of sciences in the
386:Aliqoli Mirza by Abbas Khanlou Jafar, circa 1860s
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315:Aliqli Mirza Etezad al-Saltanah and his servants
883:History of events and accidents in Afghanistan,
644:was not interested in investing further in it.
219:. Aliqoli Mirza died in 1880 and was buried in
202:History of events and accidents in Afghanistan,
436:History of Events and Accidents in Afghanistan
399:, previously Malek Jahan's estate, along with
1882:
442:, which he witnessed, an honourable failure.
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334:, appointed him regent and later minister to
150:of Iran. Aliqoli Mirza was fascinated by the
506:as the editor of Persia's official gazette,
204:the first Persian source that recorded the
183:Ruznameh-ye elmiya-ye dawlat aliya-ye Iran,
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1736:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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579:Mohammad Hasan Khan E'temad os-Saltaneh
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1720:"EʿTEŻĀD- AL- SALṬANA, ʿALĪQOLĪ MĪRZĀ"
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624:Aliqoli Mirza by an anonymous painter.
290:Aliqoli Mirza wrote his first book of
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694:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
628:Aliqoli Mirza's most notable work is
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185:the first Persian scholarly journal.
1724:Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition
701:begins by narrating the movement of
520:Ruznameh-ye mellat-e saniya-ye Iran,
491:Ruznameh-ye Dowlat-e ʿAliyeh-ye Iran
1862:(in Persian). 197–198 (197): 69–80.
795:Aliqoli Mirza's first work was the
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508:Ruznameh-ye Dowlat-e Aliyeh-ye Iran
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2266:Iranian people of Armenian descent
737:. Aliqoli Mirza's notes about the
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390:Aliqoli Mirza's first activity at
135:. He was the forty-seventh son of
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684:, and also specifically analyses
276:who was also his brother-in-law.
1802:Journal of Historical Researches
1667:Godarzi & Dehghan Nežad 2017
1628:Godarzi & Dehghan Nežad 2017
1425:Godarzi & Dehghan Nežad 2017
1302:Godarzi & Dehghan Nežad 2017
1225:Godarzi & Dehghan Nežad 2017
1204:Godarzi & Dehghan Nežad 2017
1146:Godarzi & Dehghan Nežad 2017
956:are visible in his patronage of
705:, which Aliqoli Mirza knew from
688:. Alqoli Mirza modeled it after
2261:19th-century Iranian historians
2246:Children of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar
1772:(in Persian). 36–37 (36): 1–18.
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914:Joghrafiay-e Mahal-e Mazandaran
141:
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1:
1923:Mohammad-Ali Mirza Dowlatshah
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268:, and, of his own free will,
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2069:Emamqoli Mirza Emad-al-Dawla
1847:10.22051/HPH.2021.32333.1455
563:Mirza Hosein Khan Sepahsalar
355:the prime minister's death.
200:, the history of religions;
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896:under the pen name Fakhri;
558:, by royal decree in 1877.
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378:Headmaster of Dar ul-Funun
352:Mirza Taqi Khan Amir Kabir
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1770:Journal of Historiography
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504:Abu'l-Hasan Khan Ghaffari
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42:Aliqoli Mirza, late 1870s
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2225:Mohammad Hassan Mirza II
1854:Yaghmai, Eghbal (1967).
916:on the geography of the
877:with an introduction of
250:Mirza Asghar Khan Afshar
1943:Ali Mirza Zel as-Soltan
1814:10.22108/JHR.2017.21389
326:Dispute with Amir Kabir
2074:Mohammad-Hossein Mirza
1718:Amanat, Abbas (1998).
908:on the history of the
906:Rasad Khane-y Maragheh
900:, a short treatise on
874:Discours de la methode
813:Abol-Qasem Qa'em-Maqam
754:, the third leader of
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591:Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine
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447:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat
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152:European Enlightenment
2178:Mohammad Hassan Mirza
1898:Princes of Qajar Iran
1764:Amiri, Zahra (2008).
1745:Amiri, Zahra (2018).
974:Iranian Enlightenment
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260:. He was also taught
225:Iranian Enlightenment
2116:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah
1860:Journal of Education
958:Nameh-ye Daneshvaran
950:Ehtesham ol-Saltaneh
920:mostly modeled from
910:Maragheh Observatory
744:Mohammad Taqi Sepehr
655:Nameh-ye Daneshvaran
649:Nameh-ye Daneshvaran
642:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah
638:Shah Nimatullah Wali
630:Nameh-ye Daneshvaran
615:Nameh-ye Daneshvaran
603:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah
584:Nameh-ye Daneshvaran
556:Nameh-ye Daneshvaran
535:that connected with
518:previously known as
516:Ruznameh-ye Mellati,
194:Nameh-ye Daneshvaran
2131:Nosrat al-Din Mirza
2095:Mohammad Taqi Mirza
1998:Mohammad Reza Mirza
1938:Mohammad Taqi Mirza
1908:Fath-Ali Shah Qajar
918:Mazandaran province
843:, an 1861 essay on
300:Ma'ater-e soltaniya
179:Ruznameh-ye Mellati
117:Aliqoli Mirza Qajar
91:Fath-Ali Shah Qajar
24:Aliqoli Mirza Qajar
2157:Malek Mansur Mirza
1983:Jalal al-Din Mirza
1968:Soltan Ahmad Mirza
1703:Taheri et al. 2020
1599:Taheri et al. 2020
1587:Taheri et al. 2020
962:Jalal al-Din Mirza
752:Karim Khan Kermani
748:Tarikh-e Qajariya,
739:Christians of Iran
626:
573:Downfall and death
495:
424:Eʿteżād-al-Salṭana
388:
336:Malek Jahan Khanom
323:
246:Jalal al-Din Mirza
125:علیقلی میرزا قاجار
30:Etezad os-Saltaneh
18:Etezad os-Saltaneh
2233:
2232:
2152:Mohammad Ali Shah
2100:Abdol-samad Mirza
2090:Naser al-Din Shah
1933:Hossein Ali Mirza
1732:cite encyclopedia
966:Mirza Malkam Khan
904:written in 1860,
599:Triumph of Tehran
595:Shirin al-Mamalek
552:Reuter concession
451:Mirza Malkam Khan
440:Battle of Khushab
433:
421:
210:Exir al-Tavarikh;
206:Anglo-Persian War
166:Naser al-Din Shah
114:
113:
100:Gol-Pirhan Khanum
2278:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1850:
1825:
1792:
1773:
1760:
1741:
1735:
1727:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1428:
1422:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1275:, p. 29–30.
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1207:
1201:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
926:Mu'jam Al-Buldan
894:Javaher-e Manzum
867:. He translated
797:Exir al-Tavarikh
790:Exir al-Tavarikh
636:and ending with
510:, known for its
481:Government roles
428:
426:
416:
414:
296:Exir al-Tavarikh
145:
144: 1797–1834
143:
126:
69:
66:14 December 1880
57:
55:
40:
21:
20:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2271:Qajar governors
2236:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2213:
2199:Fereydoun Mirza
2187:
2161:
2140:
2104:
2078:
2024:Djahangir Mirza
2002:
1993:Jahanshah Mirza
1988:Hasan Ali Mirza
1973:Seyfollah Mirza
1953:Emamverdi Mirza
1911:
1900:
1895:
1841:(25): 123–146.
1789:
1757:
1729:
1728:
1714:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1665:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1500:Baghestani 2009
1498:
1494:
1488:Baghestani 2009
1486:
1482:
1476:Baghestani 2009
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1452:Baghestani 2009
1450:
1446:
1438:
1431:
1423:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1210:
1202:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1093:
986:
982:
970:Faramosh Khaneh
934:
922:Yaqut al-Hamawi
841:Falak al-sa'ada
825:
793:
670:
618:
611:
609:Literary career
575:
483:
475:Faramosh Khaneh
380:
328:
308:
233:
140:
67:
58:7 December 1822
53:
51:
43:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2284:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2218:8th generation
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2192:7th generation
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2166:6th generation
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2145:5th generation
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2121:Mass'oud Mirza
2118:
2112:
2110:
2109:4th generation
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2083:3rd generation
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2049:Ardashir Mirza
2046:
2041:
2039:Eskandar Mirza
2036:
2034:Fereydun Mirza
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2007:2nd generation
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1963:Sayf ol-Dowleh
1960:
1955:
1950:
1948:Abdollah Mirza
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1916:1st generation
1913:
1912:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1851:
1837:(in Persian).
1826:
1804:(in Persian).
1793:
1787:
1774:
1761:
1755:
1742:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1705:, p. 145.
1695:
1683:
1681:, p. 123.
1671:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1615:
1603:
1601:, p. 129.
1591:
1589:, p. 126.
1579:
1567:
1552:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1429:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1330:
1318:
1306:
1289:
1277:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1208:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1150:
1138:
1126:
1111:
1099:
983:
981:
978:
933:
930:
898:Arz al-Baladin
887:British Empire
824:
821:
792:
787:
678:Zoroastrianism
669:
660:
617:
612:
610:
607:
574:
571:
482:
479:
379:
376:
360:Imam of Friday
327:
324:
321:, circa 1840s.
307:
304:
292:historiography
232:
229:
215:; and his own
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
70:(aged 58)
64:
60:
59:
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
26:
25:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2283:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2183:Mahmoud Mirza
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Khanlar Mirza
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2044:Khosrow Mirza
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Mohammad Shah
2012:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:Aliqoli Mirza
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1788:9789645515223
1784:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1756:9786004671842
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1704:
1699:
1693:, p. 79.
1692:
1687:
1680:
1675:
1669:, p. 39.
1668:
1663:
1661:
1654:, p. 10.
1653:
1648:
1641:
1636:
1630:, p. 29.
1629:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1612:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1577:, p. 78.
1576:
1571:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1550:, p. 77.
1549:
1544:
1537:
1532:
1526:, p. 80.
1525:
1520:
1514:, p. 76.
1513:
1508:
1502:, p. 66.
1501:
1496:
1490:, p. 65.
1489:
1484:
1478:, p. 64.
1477:
1472:
1466:, p. 71.
1465:
1460:
1454:, p. 63.
1453:
1448:
1442:, p. 60.
1441:
1436:
1434:
1427:, p. 27.
1426:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1400:, p. 57.
1399:
1394:
1388:, p. 54.
1387:
1382:
1376:, p. 52.
1375:
1370:
1364:, p. 51.
1363:
1358:
1352:, p. 45.
1351:
1346:
1340:, p. 37.
1339:
1334:
1328:, p. 74.
1327:
1322:
1316:, p. 38.
1315:
1310:
1304:, p. 26.
1303:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1287:, p. 35.
1286:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1263:, p. 28.
1262:
1257:
1251:, p. 22.
1250:
1245:
1239:, p. 21.
1238:
1233:
1227:, p. 25.
1226:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1206:, p. 28.
1205:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1187:, p. 17.
1186:
1181:
1175:, p. 16.
1174:
1169:
1163:, p. 14.
1162:
1157:
1155:
1148:, p. 24.
1147:
1142:
1136:, p. 72.
1135:
1130:
1124:, p. 13.
1123:
1118:
1116:
1109:, p. 12.
1108:
1103:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
984:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
953:
951:
947:
942:
940:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
875:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
849:pseudoscience
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
820:
816:
814:
810:
809:Mohammad Shah
806:
802:
798:
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
736:
732:
729:societies in
728:
724:
723:
718:
714:
713:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
668:
664:
659:
656:
652:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
622:
616:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
580:
570:
568:
564:
559:
557:
553:
548:
546:
543:lines in the
542:
538:
534:
530:
524:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
492:
487:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
438:, called the
437:
431:
425:
419:
413:اعتضادالسلطنه
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
384:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Mohammad Shah
320:
316:
312:
303:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
242:
238:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
164:
159:
157:
153:
149:
138:
137:Fath-Ali Shah
134:
130:
129:Qajar dynasty
122:
118:
110:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
82:
81:Qajar dynasty
79:
77:
73:
65:
61:
50:
46:
39:
34:
31:
27:
22:
16:
2126:Kamran Mirza
2054:Farhad Mirza
2029:Bahman Mirza
2019:Bahram Mirza
1977:
1958:Mahmud Mirza
1859:
1838:
1834:
1808:(1): 23–40.
1805:
1801:
1778:
1769:
1746:
1723:
1712:Bibliography
1698:
1691:Yaghmai 1967
1686:
1674:
1647:
1642:, p. 5.
1635:
1613:, p. 6.
1606:
1594:
1582:
1575:Yaghmai 1967
1570:
1565:, p. 4.
1548:Yaghmai 1967
1543:
1538:, p. 3.
1531:
1519:
1512:Yaghmai 1967
1507:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1447:
1393:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1326:Yaghmai 1967
1321:
1309:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1232:
1180:
1168:
1141:
1134:Yaghmai 1967
1129:
1102:
957:
954:
943:
935:
925:
913:
905:
897:
893:
891:
882:
872:
840:
826:
817:
805:Zand dynasty
796:
794:
789:
783:Baháʼí Faith
766:Fitna of Báb
765:
764:
762:'s beliefs.
760:Shaykh Ahmad
747:
731:eastern Iran
720:
710:
707:Ibn al-Nadim
699:Al-Mutanabin
698:
692:
682:Christianity
671:
667:Fitna of Báb
666:
663:Al-Mutanabin
662:
654:
653:
648:
646:
629:
627:
614:
588:
583:
576:
560:
555:
549:
525:
519:
515:
512:lithographic
507:
499:
496:
490:
444:
435:
392:Dar ul-Funun
389:
372:Fitna of Báb
371:
368:Ottoman Iraq
357:
348:Naser al-Din
329:
319:Sani al Mulk
314:
299:
295:
289:
281:Omar Khayyam
278:
266:horse riding
239:
234:
213:Fitna of Báb
212:
209:
201:
198:Al-Mutanabin
197:
193:
187:
182:
178:
160:
156:Dar ul-Funun
116:
115:
68:(1880-12-14)
29:
15:
2256:1880 deaths
2251:1822 births
2209:Hamid Mirza
2136:Ahmad Mirza
2064:Firuz Mirza
1928:Abbas Mirza
1726:. New York.
1095:Amanat 1998
939:Hajj Sayyah
823:Other works
779:Baháʼu'lláh
775:Subh-i-Azal
735:Afghanistan
471:Freemasonry
467:Malkam Khan
2240:Categories
2173:Ahmad Shah
1822:1244446711
1679:Amiri 2018
1652:Amiri 2008
1640:Amiri 2008
1611:Amiri 2008
1563:Amiri 2008
1536:Amiri 2008
1524:Amiri 2018
1464:Amiri 2018
1440:Amiri 2018
1398:Amiri 2018
1386:Amiri 2018
1374:Amiri 2018
1362:Amiri 2018
1350:Amiri 2018
1338:Amiri 2018
1314:Amiri 2018
1285:Amiri 2018
1273:Amiri 2018
1261:Amiri 2018
1249:Amiri 2018
1237:Amiri 2018
1185:Amiri 2018
1173:Amiri 2018
1161:Amiri 2018
1122:Amiri 2018
1107:Amiri 2018
980:References
881:'s works.
712:Al-Fihrist
676:, such as
567:parliament
539:lines and
473:-inspired
459:Soltaniyeh
344:Azerbaijan
231:Early life
133:Qajar Iran
54:1822-12-07
2204:Ali Mirza
869:Descartes
865:free will
845:astrology
833:astronomy
756:Shaykhism
722:Shahnameh
647:To write
418:romanized
405:Tuyserkan
175:Tuyserkan
161:In 1860,
861:Avicenna
801:Keyumars
781:and his
727:Buddhist
717:Ferdowsi
690:Biruni's
545:Caucasus
340:Khalkhal
258:Voltaire
254:Rousseau
237:Armenian
105:Religion
902:geodesy
829:history
771:Táhirih
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