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armor to the
Muslims, an agreement which Abu Bakr sanctioned. The conquest of the Yamama enabled the Muslims to extend their control to the neighboring regions of Arabia, namely Bahrayn and Oman. Though the Muslim traditional sources indicate the wholesale conversion of the Yamama's inhabitants, the historian Al Makin argues followers of Musaylima continued to agitate against centralized rule and for regional autonomy, which fueled their support for dissident religious movements.
435:
74:
272:, converted to Islam after being released from captivity. He returned to the Yamama where he led a garrison of Muslim fighters and stood as the principal opposition to Musaylima. Around 631, he was appointed by Muhammad as the Yamama's governor, though most of the region remained outside of Muslim control, only small numbers of the region's people having embraced Islam, while the rest was under the sway of Musaylima.
379:. Divisions among his partisans culminated with Najda's assassination by his deputy Abu Fudayk in 691 or 692. By then their territory was limited to the Yamama and Bahrayn. Abu Fudayk defeated an Umayyad expedition against him that year, but was defeated and slain in 692 or 693 in a second expedition. This marked the end of the Najdat emirate.
314:, but defeated them in the fourth encounter, during which their field commander was slain. This prompted the flight of the Hanifa tribesmen, to an enclosed garden where they fought a last stand against the Muslims. The Hanifa in the garden were routed, nearly all of them being slain, including Musaylima.
317:
Despite orders to treat the surviving
Hanafite tribesmen harshly, Khalid entered a treaty with them, using one of their own who had converted to Islam, Mujja'a ibn Murara, as his intermediary with the tribe. The Hanifa agreed to embrace Islam in return for surrendering their gold, silver, weapons and
391:
noted that the Yamama spanned several isolated fortresses, palm groves and gardens, as well as silver and gold mines. Hajar continued to be its chief settlement, the seat of its governor or emir, and contained a market that had been established centuries before. He lists another settlement of the
371:, after whom the movement was known. Over the next few years Najda led the Yamama Kharijites in a string of victories against the tribes and Zubayrid governors of Arabia and formed alliances with other tribes, extending his control to Bahrayn, Oman, Hadramawt, Yemen and the towns of
310:. Khalid was dispatched by Abu Bakr with dire warnings of the Hanifa's military prowess and orders to severely punish the tribe in the event of a victory against them. Khalid's army was defeated in its first three engagements against Musaylima's warriors at the
356:. The Kharijites of the Yamama originally chose the Hanafite tribesman Abu Talut Salim ibn Matar as their leader and in 684 he led their capture of the vast Umayyad estate of Jawn al-Khadarim, where he divided the plunder and slaves once employed by Caliph
275:
Musaylima forged a socio-religious order in the Yamama based on his claims to prophethood in the last years before
Muhammad's death in 632. In addition to his Hanifa tribesmen, he gained followers from the Banu Usayyid, a small branch of the
199:, the central Arabian plateau, and its principal town was historically Hajar. It was especially noted among the people of Arabia for the quality and abundance of its dates, wheat and meats. It historically provided for the wheat needs of
305:
Ikrima's attacks against the Hanifa in the Yamama were beaten back by
Musaylima's followers and he withdrew from the region, while Shurahbil was ordered by Abu Bakr to stay to support Thumama until the arrival of a larger army led by
286:(sacred space), which Musaylima had organized. Muhammad's death boosted the fortunes of Musaylima, who gained more followers, authority and prestige in the Yamama. The Muslims had chosen as Muhammad's political successor
139:'s death. Despite being incorporated into the Najd region, the term 'al-Yamama' remains in use as a traditional and historical term to reference or emphasize the region's ancient past. The current headquarters of the
1132:
298:
at the head a Muslim force to reinforce
Musaylima's nearest enemy, Thumama, in the Yamama. At the same time, a self-proclaimed prophetess of the Tamim and opponent of the Muslims,
411:
ruled the Yamama at that time, and had been its rulers from long before. With their 300 to 400 horsemen, they were able to defend their realm from the neighboring powers.
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280:
tribe, which was present throughout northeastern Arabia. The
Usayyid immigrants were settled in small agricultural hamlets and were charged with guarding the Yamama's
245:(soothsayer) and proclaimed himself a prophet and messenger in his native village of Haddar, located in the Yamama valley of Falj, before Muhammad had embarked on the
237:, the major political figure of the Yamama was Hawdha ibn Ali, whose influence spanned central and northern Arabia. After his death, another tribesman of the Hanifa,
1639:
419:
By the 19th century, 'al-Yamama' came to refer to a town in the region located in the area of al-Kharj, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of modern
207:, who lived a settled, largely agricultural existence. The Hanifa of the Yamama also supplied skilled laborers who found work in Mecca; the Islamic prophet
131:
Only a handful of centralized states ever arose in the Yamama, but it figured prominently in early
Islamic history, becoming a central theater in the
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through the early centuries of Islam, the Yamama was an important agricultural production center for Arabia. It was counted as part of the
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367:) among his men and set up headquarters. The following year the Yamama Kharijites elected as their leader the Hanafite
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175:") but the historian G. Rex Smith considers them unlikely. Instead, Smith holds that it is more likely the name
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85:(10th century), along with some of the region's prominent settlements in pre-Islamic and early Islamic times
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is known to have employed them for the production of clay used to build his mosque in
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also mentions its substantial palm groves. He noted that emirs who followed the
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The historical region of Al-Yamamah at its greatest extent, as described by
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Makin, Al (July 2013). "From
Musaylima to the Kharijite Najdiyya".
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movements opposed to the all the war's main parties, i.e. the
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203:'s inhabitants. The predominant tribe of the Yamama was the
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676:"The Struggle against Musaylima and the Conquest of Yamama"
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is the singular form of the Arabic word for wild pigeons,
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451:, the region of Najd bordering the Yamama to the north
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27:
Historical region in south-eastern Najd, Saudi Arabia
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400:, called a way-station. The 11th-century geographer
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486:
1621:
128:, after which the rest of the region was named.
336:(680–692), the Yamama became the center of the
215:and held high opinions of the Hanafi workers.
1640:Geographical regions of the Arabian Peninsula
841:
1251:Council of Economic and Development Affairs
848:
834:
777:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
727:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
423:. It had about 6,000 inhabitants in 1865.
321:
34:. For the legend of Zarqaa al-Yamama, see
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735:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 858–859.
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219:Period of Musaylima and Muslim conquest
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30:For the Saudi-British arms deals, see
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680:Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam
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163:mentions a number of etymologies for
785:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 269.
97:
24:
1630:Historical regions in Saudi Arabia
809:Al-Yamama in the Early Islamic Era
800:
25:
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1038:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
930:
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1205:General Intelligence Presidency
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396:, which an earlier geographer,
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147:, for example, is known as the
260:. Another Hanafite tribesman,
13:
1:
1195:Chairman of the General Staff
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387:The 10th-century geographer
159:The 13th-century geographer
154:
7:
1437:Water supply and sanitation
1266:History of the oil industry
1133:Mutaween (religious police)
807:Al-Askar, Abdullah (2002).
457:, a subregion of the Yamama
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1058:National Security Council
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811:. Reading: Ithaca Press.
1303:Tadawul (stock exchange)
1298:Supreme Economic Council
1246:Capital Market Authority
1200:General Staff Presidency
1053:Mabahith (secret police)
526:, pp. 10–11, 36–37.
1185:Strategic Missile Force
340:, one of the two major
334:Second Muslim Civil War
322:Najdat Kharijite revolt
233:During the lifetime of
135:immediately following
86:
1033:Consultative Assembly
750:Smith, G. R. (2002).
704:Rubinacci, R (1993).
383:Later Islamic history
76:
296:Shurahbil ibn Hasana
32:Al-Yamamah arms deal
1293:Saudi Central Bank
1101:Freedom of religion
882:Early Islamic State
441:Saudi Arabia portal
308:Khalid ibn al-Walid
292:Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl
173:domesticated pigeon
81:(13th century) and
59:24.1483°N 47.3050°E
55: /
1635:Historical regions
1308:Telecommunications
1091:Capital punishment
1023:Allegiance Council
902:Emirate of Diriyah
887:Rashidun Caliphate
877:Pre-Islamic Arabia
550:, pp. 23, 29.
270:al-Ala al-Hadhrami
268:(eastern Arabia),
193:pre-Islamic period
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892:Umayyad Caliphate
792:978-90-04-12756-2
742:978-90-04-09419-2
586:, pp. 33–34.
538:, pp. 21–22.
514:, pp. 35–36.
398:Ibn Khurradadhbih
262:Thumama ibn Uthal
229:Battle of Yamamah
149:Palace of Yamamah
116:in south-eastern
114:historical region
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16:(Redirected from
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634:, p. 41.
633:
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622:, p. 49.
621:
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609:
604:
598:, p. 47.
597:
592:
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402:Nasir Khusraw
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37:
33:
19:
1420:Prostitution
1393:universities
1366:Demographics
1261:Oil reserves
1106:Human rights
973:Governorates
857:Saudi Arabia
808:
782:
775:
732:
725:
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683:
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665:Bibliography
651:
639:
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579:
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130:
122:Saudi Arabia
89:
88:
40:
1460:Visual arts
1400:Health care
1236:Agriculture
1180:Air Defense
1143:Visa policy
968:Earthquakes
917:Unification
752:"Al-Yamama"
731:Volume VII:
722:Pellat, Ch.
620:Kister 2002
608:Kister 2002
596:Kister 2002
584:Kister 2002
572:Kister 2002
560:Kister 2002
548:Kister 2002
536:Kister 2002
524:Kister 2002
500:Kister 2002
332:During the
205:Banu Hanifa
83:Al-Hamadani
62: /
1624:Categories
1485:television
1356:Censorship
1278:Irrigation
781:Volume XI:
706:"Nadjadāt"
693:Al-Jami'ah
632:Makin 2013
512:Makin 2013
481:Smith 2002
462:References
415:Modern era
406:Zaydi Shia
389:al-Hamdani
358:Mu'awiya I
258: 622
133:Ridda wars
50:47°18′18″E
47:24°08′54″N
18:Al Yamamah
1425:Terrorism
1388:libraries
1383:Education
1318:Transport
1241:Companies
1175:Air Force
1128:Judiciary
1096:Elections
1086:Basic Law
983:Provinces
978:Mountains
941:Geography
449:Al-Qassim
350:Zubayrids
342:Kharijite
239:Musaylima
225:Musaylima
191:From the
177:al-Yamama
165:al-Yamama
155:Etymology
109:al-Yamāma
103:romanized
98:اليَمامَة
90:Al-Yamama
1604:Category
1531:Heritage
1519:football
1502:Religion
1475:Language
1415:Polygamy
1351:Abortion
1157:Military
1138:Passport
1007:Politics
993:Wildlife
861:articles
774:(eds.).
724:(eds.).
674:(2002).
455:Al-Washm
427:See also
394:al-Kharj
392:Yamama,
346:Umayyads
288:Abu Bakr
235:Muhammad
209:Muhammad
137:Muhammad
126:al-Kharj
1588:Outline
1541:Symbols
1526:Theatre
1470:Cuisine
1447:Culture
1410:Obesity
1339:Society
1313:Tourism
1224:Economy
1028:Cabinet
963:Climate
953:Borders
869:History
733:Mif–Naz
686:: 1–56.
409:madhhab
377:Tabalah
266:Bahrayn
187:History
112:) is a
105::
1609:Portal
1559:Emblem
1549:Anthem
1465:Cinema
1256:Energy
859:
815:
789:
770:&
739:
720:&
421:Riyadh
338:Najdat
328:Najdat
247:Hijrah
213:Medina
145:Riyadh
94:Arabic
1595:Index
1569:Motto
1554:Dance
1514:Sport
1507:Islam
1492:Music
1480:Media
1371:youth
1361:Crime
1121:Women
988:Wadis
754:. In
708:. In
373:Ta'if
369:Najda
354:Alids
300:Sajah
283:haram
278:Tamim
253:) in
243:kahin
201:Mecca
181:yamam
169:hamam
141:Saudi
79:Yaqut
1564:Flag
1323:rail
1283:OPEC
1170:Navy
1165:Army
1116:Rape
1111:LGBT
1048:King
813:ISBN
787:ISBN
737:ISBN
699:(1).
375:and
352:and
294:and
227:and
197:Najd
118:Najd
1455:Art
1078:Law
783:W–Z
1626::
779:.
766:;
762:;
758:;
729:.
716:;
712:;
697:51
695:.
684:27
682:.
678:.
488:^
469:^
363:r.
348:,
255:c.
183:.
151:.
100:,
96::
849:e
842:t
835:v
821:.
795:.
745:.
360:(
92:(
38:.
20:)
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