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512:"Another Ayyubid, al-Ashraf Mūsā , the former Prince of Homs, had maintained a correspondence with the Mongols since 651 H. (1253–1254). In fact, al-Ashraf Mūsā encouraged Hűlegű to invade Syria in order to be reinstated. (...) Note 103: Al-Ashraf Mūsā was received by Hűlegű at Aleppo and retained Homs and the title of the ruler over all Syria. Hűlegű also granted him an iqtāʿ, revenues of land assignment (Amitai-Preiss, 2004:20, 31)."
367:, the title was given to him so that the Mongols could have a ruler who carried some form of legitimacy and with whom they could consult. A testament to this situation was that al-Ashraf was ordered to rule from his principality in Homs instead of Damascus, which normally served as Syria's capital. Furthermore, his
375:, ruled by his cousin al-Malik Mansur, who had fled to Egypt, with the order to disable the defences of that city. Thus, al-Ashraf oversaw the destruction of Hama's citadel wall and arsenal. He also sold off the public library, but refrained from dismantling the city's walls for fear of making Hama susceptible to a
311:
and al-Ashraf's fourth cousin, reacted by attempting to annex Homs. As a result, al-Ashraf sent urgent pleas to as-Salih to aid him against an-Nasir. As-Salih agreed and personally led his troops from Egypt into Syria, but he fell ill and the planned assault against an-Nasir's forces were delayed. By
403:
in
September 1260, al-Ashraf withdrew his forces from Kitbuqa's coalition and fled the battle as part of his secret arrangement with Qutuz. Al-Ashraf's action swayed the battle in the Mamluks' favor. Following their decisive victory against the Mongols, the Mamluks proceeded to successfully conquer
410:
became Mamluk sultan in
October 1260 and assigned Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Bashqirdi as deputy governor for Homs. Al-Ashraf died in the earlier part of 1263. Since he left no heirs to his throne, Homs was incorporated into the Mamluk Sultanate following his death.
348:, sacked Aleppo, forcing an-Nasir into exile. Al-Ashraf, who was in Damascus at the time of Aleppo's capture, traveled north to an area near the city to confer with Hulagu before he withdrew the bulk of his forces from Syria. With the arrival in Damascus of
287:
and was usually dominated by its larger neighbors, but it gained influence during the reign of al-Mansur
Ibrahim. Following his death, the role of Homs within the empire largely diminished. From this position of weakness, al-Ashraf arrived at
267:. Following the Mamluk victory, al-Ashraf was reinstated as Emir of Homs as a Mamluk vassal, but was stripped of his viceroy position. Since he left no heirs, after his death, Homs was incorporated into the Mamluk Sultanate.
371:(allotment for military service) of 100 horses was the same as that for a battalion commander rather than a general or someone of higher rank. From Homs, he led a Mongol-ordered expedition against
439:
scholar. Al-Latif was at least 40 at the time of their marriage. They wed immediately after al-Latif was released from a
Damascus jail where she had been imprisoned since 1246. She died in 1253.
296:("prince") at the time and least inclined to central rule, which mean that al-Ashraf could rule Homs with relative autonomy. To cement this patron-client relationship, al-Ashraf ceded control of
404:
Syria. Although he was stripped of his nominal position as viceroy of
Damascus, al-Ashraf was allowed to continue ruling Homs as a vassal of the Mamluks as a reward for his cooperation.
1328:
1141:
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mid-August 1248, al-Ashraf was forced to surrender Homs. Based on the terms of his surrender, he was allowed to maintain control of the desert fortress of
251:
rule in 1260, al-Ashraf served as
Viceroy of Syria, although the position was largely nominal. He helped achieve the Mongols' defeat at the hands of the
391:, who had succeeded the Ayyubid sultanate in Egypt in 1250, sought to drive out the Mongols from Syria, al-Ashraf made quiet contact with Mamluk sultan
1131:
292:'s court in Damascus during the spring of 1247 in order to gain his patronage. As-Salih, the sultan of Egypt and Damascus, was the strongest Ayyubid
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general who oversaw affairs in Syria on behalf of the
Mongols, al-Ashraf returned to the city. Upon meeting Kitbuqa, al-Ashraf was made the
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Despite having the official title "sultan" of Syria, al-Ashraf's power was nominal. According to
Israeli historian
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Unlike the majority of the regional
Ayyubid emirs, al-Ashraf and his predecessors were descended from
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Ayyubid Emir of Homs (1246-48, 1260-63) Emir of Tall-Bashir (1248-1260) Viceroy of Syria (1260)
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While governing Tall Bashir, al-Ashraf secretly established ties with the
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In laudem hierosolymitani: Studies In Crusades and Medieval Culture
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From Saladin to the Mongols: the Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260
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by withdrawing his troops from the Mongol coalition during the
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395:. Once the Mongol and Mamluk armies faced off during the
247:, the Emir of Aleppo. For a short period of time during
435:'s sister and the daughter of a notable Damascus-based
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as part of a secret agreement with the Mamluk sultan
235:, a city located in the central region of modern-day
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E. J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936
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Fearing this alliance would undermine his position,
727:
Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture
275:At age 17, al-Ashraf inherited the principality of
624:Perilous Glory: The Rise of Western Military Power
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324:. In place of Homs, he was granted the outpost of
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208:Al-Ashraf Musa ibn al-Mansur Ibrahim ibn Shirkuh
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216:الأشرف موسى بن المنصور ابراهيم بن شيركوه
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628:. Yale University Press. p.
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703:Humphreys, R. Stephens (1977).
605:. Leiden ; Boston: Brill.
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279:after the death of his father,
99:Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Bashqirdi
21:Al-Ashraf Musa (disambiguation)
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1247:. You can help Knowledge by
650:Holt, Peter Malcolm (1995).
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1324:13th-century Kurdish people
1309:13th-century Ayyubid rulers
751:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
671:Houtsma, M. Thomas (1987).
601:Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan, D. (2011).
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1202:Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi
1057:al-Muzaffar III Mahmud
833:al-Mansur Nasir al-Din
745:Shagrir, Iris (2007).
695:History of the Mongols
493:Humphreys, pp.294-295.
307:, the Ayyubid emir of
1052:al-Mansur II Muhammad
1047:al-Muzaffar II Mahmud
1042:al-Nasir Kilij Arslan
620:France, John (2011).
449:Other Al-Ashraf Musas
1142:al-Muzaffar Sulaiman
1037:al-Mansur I Muhammad
997:Muhammad ibn Shirkuh
931:al-Muazzam Turanshah
858:al-Muazzam Turanshah
530:Shagrir, pp-134-135.
271:Ayyubid emir of Homs
19:For other uses, see
1294:Syrian people stubs
1127:Tughtakin ibn Ayyub
992:Asad ad-Din Shirkuh
506:Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan 2011
421:Asad al-Din Shirkuh
397:Battle of Ain Jalut
354:Nestorian Christian
261:Battle of Ain Jalut
206:(1229–1263), fully
44:(1246–48, 1260–63)
1032:al-Muzaffar I Umar
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1102:al-Kamil Muhammad
1097:al-Muzaffar Ghazi
1067:al-Afdal Muhammad
1007:al-Mansur Ibrahim
758:978-0-7546-6140-5
644:Ashraf Musa Homs.
639:978-0-300-12074-5
612:978-9-0041-8635-4
484:Humphreys, p.293.
475:Humphreys, p.291.
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53:(1248–1260)
36:
1304:1263 deaths
1299:1229 births
1177:Farrukhshah
1160:(1175–1260)
1115:(1173–1228)
1080:(1180–1260)
1025:(1175–1341)
985:(1175–1262)
949:(1177–1260)
884:(1174–1260)
816:(1171–1250)
557:Holt, p.38.
346:Hulagu Khan
326:Tall Bashir
241:Tall Bashir
196:Sunni Islam
86:Predecessor
51:Tall-Bashir
31:الأشرف موسى
1288:Categories
1182:Bahramshah
1172:Turan-Shah
1122:Turan-Shah
1078:Diyar Bakr
1002:al-Mujahid
848:al-Adil II
508:, p.
455:References
379:invasion.
77:Coronation
1156:Emirs of
1111:Emirs of
1076:Emirs of
1021:Emirs of
981:Emirs of
945:Emirs of
901:al-Adil I
838:al-Adil I
730:. BRILL.
677:. BRILL.
656:. BRILL.
401:Palestine
387:When the
298:Salamiyah
96:Successor
71:1246–1263
968:(regent)
896:al-Afdal
882:Damascus
843:al-Kamil
443:See also
377:Crusader
318:al-Rahba
225:prince (
192:Religion
1158:Baalbek
891:Saladin
823:Saladin
810:Sultans
800:of the
437:Hanbali
433:Saladin
408:Baibars
389:Mamluks
358:viceroy
350:Kitbuqa
338:Mongols
314:Palmyra
257:Mamluks
255:-based
223:Kurdish
220:Ayyubid
176:Ayyubid
171:Dynasty
56:Viceroy
947:Aleppo
798:Rulers
755:
734:
713:
681:
660:
636:
609:
415:Family
352:, the
342:region
309:Aleppo
249:Mongol
212:Arabic
182:Father
144:Spouse
132:Burial
62:(1260)
1314:Emirs
1241:Syria
1239:This
878:Emirs
814:Egypt
393:Qutuz
369:iqta'
265:Qutuz
253:Egypt
237:Syria
231:) of
156:Names
126:Syria
110:Syria
68:Reign
60:Syria
1245:stub
1023:Hama
983:Homs
753:ISBN
732:ISBN
711:ISBN
679:ISBN
658:ISBN
634:ISBN
607:ISBN
373:Hama
316:and
294:emir
277:Homs
233:Homs
228:emir
137:Homs
122:Homs
119:1263
116:Died
107:1229
104:Born
81:1246
47:Emir
42:Homs
38:Emir
880:of
812:of
630:145
510:136
58:of
49:of
40:of
1290::
642:.
632:.
571:^
517:^
498:^
214::
124:,
1276:e
1269:t
1262:v
1251:.
790:e
783:t
776:v
761:.
740:.
719:.
687:.
666:.
615:.
210:(
23:.
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