Akwesasne - Knowledge

3923: 3589: 76: 144: 177: 458: 108: 1384: 210: 243: 91: 1903:, Canada. An estimated 500 anti-globalists, along with a few Akwesasro꞉non, challenged the legitimacy of the US/Canada border. Although the Collective peacefully crossed into Cornwall, Ontario, Canada, they never made it to Quebec City. Most of the activists who participated in the action at the border and attempted to enter Canadian territory were turned away by Canada Border Service agents and prevented from attending the protests in Quebec City. 3365: 61: 3386: 3357: 3336: 250: 217: 184: 151: 115: 1938:

agents. Some Mohawk moved out of their homes because of the stress of this situation. Other residents were ordered to pay costs of $ 1000 each time CBSA agents chose to impound their vehicles, sometimes more than once per day when residents needed to use their vehicles for several trips. Some residents traveled instead by boat to seek medical attention, or purchase water, and groceries.

1395:, a southern district of the territory within the border of the United States. The SRMT operates as a Constitutional republic. The Tribal Council is composed of three Chiefs, three Sub-Chiefs, and a Tribal Clerk. Elections are held each year on the first Saturday of June to choose one Chief and one Sub-Chief for a three-year term. The Tribal Clerk is chosen every third year. 2051:(2011), written and directed by Katja Esson, is a full-length documentary about life in Akwesasne and the careers of some of its men in ironworking. The Mohawk of Akwesasne have been among steel workers in New York City and other parts of the US, where they are renowned for their high work in building skyscrapers and bridges. The US/German production was aired on 927:, the mission was the source of the French name of the adjacent Saint Regis River, an island in the St. Lawrence River, and the nearby village. The church was long a landmark to ships on the river approaching the rapids. In New York, the name was later adopted to apply to the Saint Regis Mohawk Reservation. The villagers have since renamed their community 1915:(CBSA) border services officers at the Cornwall Port of Entry walked off the job in response to encampments of Akwesasro꞉non across the road from the customs facility. The latter were protesting Canada's arming of CBSA border services officers. The encampment, styled as a "unity rally", was branded as a campaign to bring awareness to complaints of alleged 1289:, divided into three geographic and administrative districts. The districts are Kana:takon (Saint Regis, Quebec), Kawehno:ke (Cornwall Island, Ontario) and Tsi Snaihne (Snye, Quebec). The several islands of the St. Lawrence River within the jurisdiction of the Mohawk Council of Akwesasne are generally counted as being a part of the nearest mainland. 906:: learning the language and ways, and being given Mohawk names. They later each married daughters of chiefs and reared their children as Mohawk. They each became chiefs, and some of their sons also became chiefs. They were examples of the multi-cultural community of the Mohawk, who absorbed numerous captives into their tribe. 1730:

transmits at 87.9 MHz on the FM dial. Karennaon:we went on the air on December 21, 2017. It is owned and operated by Equal Skies Media and broadcasts the music and language of the Haudenosaunee confederacy and other first nations. Karennaon:we Radio is a positive resource for the children of the

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According to police sources, the cross-border conduit in Akwesasne is being used by organized crime to smuggle marijuana back into the United States and harder drugs and firearms to Canada. According to a TVA News investigation, the weapons are purchased in the states of Texas, Alabama, Georgia and

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The area has been the scene of several disputes on the rights of the residents to cross the border unimpeded. These issues have been a concern for Canadian authorities, as the area is alleged to be a large-scale, cigarette-smuggling route from the U.S. There have been arrests and seizure of goods in

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Police, border patrol, state troopers, RCMP, and various government agents blocked the road leading to the homes on Cornwall Island, Ontario, from May 2009 until July 2009. Each time any Mohawk attempted to leave their homes or return to their homes in Akwesasne, they were interrogated by government

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Akwesasne is governed by three bodies: the Mohawk Nation Council of Chiefs (traditional government), the elected Mohawk Council of Akwesasne in the North, and Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe in the South. The latter are the two recognized by the governments of Canada and the United States, respectively, as

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In 1969, Benedict founded the North American Indian Travelling College (now known as the Native North American Travelling College), which serves as a cultural centre, publishing house, and resource for classes and lectures at Akwesasne and beyond. It operates an art gallery and theatre at Akwesasne.

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Due to its geography and lack of resources from the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), human smuggling has been an ongoing issue for the community. A 1999 Maclean's magazine article outlined how many people of the Akwesasne community facilitated and profited from human smuggling. In 2023, eight

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Residents of Akwesasne differ over reserve governance and which political factions they support. Political rivalries were expressed after one group brought casino gambling onto the reserve. It brought huge economic returns to casino owners and some benefits to the First Nation, but members also

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Akwesasne Freedom School - Pre-K to grade 8, featuring Kanienʼkehá immersion to strengthen language and culture on the reserve. With children learning Kanienʼkehá, many parents and other adults are now taking language classes, too. The Akwesasne model of language and cultural revival is being

958:, the Mohawk, Onondaga, Seneca and Cayuga were allied with the British against the rebel American colonists. Forced to cede most of their remaining lands in New York to the new government after the colonists' victory, many of the Iroquois people migrated to Canada, where many settled at the 1111:("It Thunders!"). Benedict covered the resistance of many Mohawk to the system of elections imposed by the federal government on the "American" side of Akwesasne; it insisted on representative elections. On May 24, 1948, a vote was held in which "The Six Nations Chiefs", based on historic 1960:

The political feuds have resulted in violence: two Mohawk men were killed at Akwesasne in 1990, and thousands of residents left their homes in that period because of attacks on houses and vehicles, and general unrest. The Warrior Society, a self-appointed security force, used

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In 2016, Akwesasne established an independent indigenous legal system and court to deal with non-criminal offenses within the reserve. The 32 new laws cover civil matters handled by an indigenous legal team director of public prosecution, public prosecutor and two justices.

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The system does not rely on jail terms but uses restorative justice to bring resolution between the accused and plaintiff. The members of the legal team are not required to have a law degree but are required to complete training and are approved by a review commission.

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and hereditary office, received 83 votes. "The Elected Chiefs" received only one vote, and "The Seven Nations Chiefs" did not receive any votes. The elected chiefs resigned from office, but the federal government continued to require the tribe to hold elections.

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to continue to have Catholic priests at their mission. The Jesuits helped preserve Mohawk culture, translating the Bible and liturgy into Mohawk. They observed Mohawk customs, for instance, refusing to marry individuals who belonged to the same

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General elections are held triennially, with 12 representatives (Chiefs) chosen from the districts and one Grand Chief. Each district elects four Chiefs, and all districts vote at-large to elect a Grand Chief. Thus the council is 12 plus 1. A

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With settlement of the border between Canada and the United States in the early 19th century, a larger portion of the territory was defined as being within the United States. The portion in New York state is known as the federally recognized

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The Mohawk Council of Akwesasne (MCA) is a government whose representatives are elected within the northern districts of the territory on the Canadian side of the border. The MCA was developed from the Indian Bands system introduced by the

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to set up a new community. Among the leaders were brothers and chiefs John and Zachariah Tarbell. Father Pierre-Robert-Jean-Baptiste Billiard accompanied the migrants as their priest. French officials supported the move, paying for a

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requested that the band surrender this land. A surrender was given, but the first nation always contested its validity, as it was not their intention to surrender the land. In December 2018, the First Nation of Akwesnasne accepted a

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claimed by Canada. To travel by land from Tsi Snaihne (Snye or Chenail, Quebec) or Kana:takon (Saint Regis, Quebec) to elsewhere in Canada, one must drive through New York State. In Canada, the territory within Ontario is called the

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priests founded the St. Regis Mission at Akwesasne. The Tarbell brothers were listed among the founding chiefs, representing numerous clans as of 1759, in papers of Loran Kanonsase Pyke, the patriarch of Akwesasne's Pyke family.

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likewise blocked access from the United States onto the bridge. Akwesasne was cut off from its major access point into Canada and from free travel within the territory until a temporary border post was erected on July 13, 2009.

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Doug George-Kanentiio, editor of Akwesasne Notes, author, co-founder Akwesasne Communications Society, Residential School Survivors,Native American Journalists Association, Trustee National Museum of the American Indian

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Because of the St. Lawrence River to the north, New York State, United States, to the south, and the absence of a road link to the rest of Quebec, to the east, the Quebec portion of the Akwesasne reserve is a practical

583:(also known as Caughnawaga), a Catholic Mohawk village that developed south of Montreal along the St. Lawrence River. Today Akwesasne has a total of 12,000 residents, with the largest population and land area of any 2041:(2008) is a two-part documentary about the work of the Akwesasne Freedom School and the community in teaching and preserving the Mohawk language. It was produced by Mushkeg Productions Inc. in association with APTN ( 1974:

Florida to be transported north and stored in warehouses on the reserve. On winter nights, smugglers illegally cross the border on snowmobiles along the frozen St. Lawrence River. In the summer, they use motorboats.

1028:, from the west. When Forster agreed, Lorimier went to Akwesasne, where he recruited 100 warriors for battle. The British-allied forces took some American prisoners during the encounters, but these were later freed. 2073:(2016) is a 13-part half-hour documentary series that celebrates the skills of Mohawk ironworkers of Kahnawake, Akwesasne and Six Nations, who are said to be "the best ironworkers on the planet". It is available on 1073:

dating to 1795, and a cemetery. Parish records show that the Jesuits respected Mohawk traditions, recording their Mohawk names through the 18th and 19th centuries, even after they had also taken European names.

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were not considered citizens. As Native American lands were purchased during the nineteenth century and Native land claims were extinguished, more were classified as US citizens as they moved to reservations.

966:, the Iroquois retained rights to cross the newly established borders between Canada and the United States in order to maintain their trade and tribal ties. In 1806, Catholic Cayuga, Oneida and Onondaga from 1957:

worried about how the enterprise would affect their culture. In 1989 unidentified suspects threw firebombs at a chartered bus. In a separate incident, someone fired a shotgun at a bus in the customs area.

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The Mohawk Nation Council of Chiefs (MNCC, colloquially "the Longhouse") is the "traditional" governing and religious body of the Mohawk (Kahniakehaka) people. The MNCC operates as a member nation of the

863:, would bring captives back to Kahnawake from New England settlements, often to be ransomed. Younger English children and women were sometimes adopted by Mohawk families and assimilated into the tribe. 920:

The Jesuits first built a log and bark church at the mission, then a more formal log church. In 1795 the Mohawk completed construction of a stone church, which still stands. Named after the French

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The newspaper became highly influential and the largest native newspaper in the world. Among its noted features were a series of posters included as centrefolds. A supporter gave the newspaper

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Statistics Canada. 2007. Akwesasne (Part) 59, Ontario (Code3501007) (table). 2006 Community Profiles. 2006 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 92-591-XWE. Ottawa. Released March 13, 2007.

1227:, New York. Sections of the southeastern portion of Akwesasne are considered by the Town of Bombay to be within the town's jurisdiction but the tribe disputes this. To the west is the Town of 951:. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, they maintained parish registers that recorded the Mohawk names of individuals for life events, even when the people had taken European names as well. 1100:

of 1934, the United States federal government encouraged the tribe to adopt a constitution and elected government. The Mohawk chose to retain their traditional system of hereditary chiefs.

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is the community radio station. It first went on air on September 29, 1984. CKON is owned and operated by the Akwesasne Communication Society, a community-based non-profit group. It has a

3076: 2019:(north of Upstate) New York, near Akwesasne and the Canada–US border, it explored an alliance between a Mohawk woman and a white single mother, who both struggle to survive economically. 1488: 576:. Although divided by an international border, the residents consider themselves to be one community. They maintain separate police forces due to jurisdictional issues and national laws. 3172: 3036: 1731:

Mohawk community making available the language and culture 24 hours a day. Karennaon:we Radio is not for profit and receives no funding from federal, provincial or tribal governments.

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rivers, and a number of islands in these three rivers. The eastern border of the southern portion is formed by the St. Regis River. The territory is divided between north–south by the

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Statistics Canada. 2007. Akwesasne, Quebec (Code2469802) (table). 2006 Community Profiles. 2006 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 92-591-XWE. Ottawa. Released March 13, 2007.

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Both the federal government and New York State encouraged the tribe to adopt representative elected government, but they resisted. They were put on the congressional list for

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people died attempting to cross into the US from Canada. Akwesasne Mohawk Police blamed migrants and other smugglers for exploiting disadvantaged members of their community.

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In June 2022, the Quebec government announced it will provide $ 6.2 million over 5 years to the Akwesasne Mohawk Police Service (AMPS) to combat illegal firearm trafficking.

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and bats to break up anti-gambling roadblocks at the reservation entrances. They threatened to shoot any outside law enforcement officials if they entered the reservation.

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In the 1990s, the people of Akwesasne raised money in a variety of ways to fund a renovation of their St. Regis Church. They wrote a history of the church and its priests.

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in the 1950s, as part of a policy assuming that assimilation was best for Native Americans, but Congress did not approve the termination of the St. Regis Reservation.

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In the early 17th century, some Christian Iroquois (primarily Mohawk, but also some Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca) migrated from present-day New York to

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under the command of British Captain George Forster. De Lorimier proposed recruiting some Indians to launch an attack on Montreal, then held by the American

2003:'s pioneering Indian Film Crew unit, he directed this documentary about the 1969 protest at Akwesasne. He later was elected as a Grand Chief of Akwesasne. 4409: 4394: 3437: 2032: 3098: 2758: 2632: 3080: 1926:

sidearms went into effect. The border services officers left at the end of their shift. A new shift did not arrive, leaving the port of entry vacant.

1819:. By blocking traffic on the bridge, Akwesasro꞉non sought to call attention to their grievance that they were prohibited by Canadian authorities from 1815:

In the winter of 1969, Cornwall City Police were confronted by a demonstration by Akwesasro꞉non at the North Channel Bridge of what is now called the

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Due to exhaustion of land at Kahnawake and problems with traders' rum at the village, in the mid-1750s about 30 families migrated upriver about 20

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Cornwall City Police blockaded the north terminus of the Three Nations Bridge to deny travelers entry into Canada. At the request of Canada, the

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of the 1830s, Native Americans who chose to stay in historic territories became state and federal citizens; those who moved with their tribes to

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raiders some 300 miles to Montreal. They all became Catholic and were renamed. Sarah/Marguerite was redeemed by a French couple and entered the

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The protest continued for several days but reached its peak at midnight of 1 June, when the new policy of arming border services officers with

1752: 828:(formerly known as Caughnawaga, after their village along the Mohawk River), a Catholic mission village established by French Jesuits south of 799:. While they shared certain culture with other Iroquoian groups, they were a distinctly separate people and spoke a branch of Iroquoian called 3162: 1082: 1628:

Akwesasne has five elementary schools on the territory. Three schools are under the direction of the Ahkwesasne Mohawk Board of Education:

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was founded in response to environmental concerns, including PCB contamination from industries located along the St. Lawrence River.

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who voted in a Canadian election were allowed to retain their status. Previously they would have become non-Status, as per the

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and hunting along the river valley. By 1600, the Mohawk used the valley for hunting grounds and as a path for war parties.

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Post-secondary education is offered on the reservation through Iohahi:io Akwesasne Education & Training Institute and

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In the early 1800s, non-indigenous settlers leased a part of the Akwesnasne reserve located in mainland Quebec, known as

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in the United States if they had not been previously; by that time, two-thirds were already citizens. During the era of

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photographs, which editors combined with quotes from Native American authors for the popular poster series.

3796: 3568: 1663: 1484: 1392: 737: 628: 2880: 836:(Mohawk) word meaning "at the rapids". Here, additional First Nations joined the community, converting to 780:

villages along the fertile valley of what is now called the St. Lawrence River. Among their villages were

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activists, based primarily in New York City, active from roughly October 2000 through October 2001.

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community. From its development in the mid-eighteenth century, Akwesasne was considered one of the

428: 3869: 894:. John and Zachariah were 12 and 8, respectively. The three children were taken by the French and 4359: 4233: 4213: 4203: 4183: 3819: 3644: 2096: 2016: 1836: 1775: 1585: 1444: 1000:(located 28 mi (45 km) west of Montreal), in the later stages of the American colonial 855:

In addition, warriors and families became involved in raiding and the traffic in captives during

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in the early 1700s between France and England. French and First Nations allies, including the

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James F. Pendergast. (1998). "The Confusing Identities Attributed to Stadacona and Hochelaga"

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The Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe (SRMT) is a government elected by Mohawk Tribal citizens of the

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Kana:takon School, originally called the Saint Regis Village School, was run by the Catholic

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until the 1970s. Today, the mission is still active and includes a rectory, the large stone

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One school is under the direction of the Salmon River Central School District of New York:

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Alex Jacobs, "12-Step Indian Rehab (A Modest Post-Thanksgiving Proposal from Alex Jacobs)"

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In the late 1960s, a period of heightened Native American activism, Benedict also started

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Northeast Captivity Stories—"The Story of the Tarbell Captives That Became Mohawk Chiefs"

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Akwesasne was the location of season 2, episode 5, "The Line", for the television series

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explored the same area 75 years later in the early 1600s, the villages had disappeared.

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Darren Bonaparte, "The History of the St. Regis Catholic Church and the Early Pastors"

2418: 4311: 4139: 4086: 4076: 4046: 4036: 3996: 3976: 3966: 3956: 3941: 3503: 3397: 3349: 3345: 3195: 3037:"Contraband Capital: The Akwesasne Mohawk reserve is a smuggling conduit, police say" 2326: 2257: 2190: 1923: 1823:

passage of personal purchases across the border. They claimed this right by the 1795

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Mohawk International Raceway - formerly known as Frogtown International Speedway; a

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for better prices from the English and Dutch than the French were willing to give.

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from the South waged war against the St. Lawrence Iroquoians to get control of the

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Akwesasne territory incorporates part of the St. Lawrence River, the mouths of the

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http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/index.cfm?Lang=E

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http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/index.cfm?Lang=E

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the past. There are also concerns about smuggling of drugs, liquor, and migrants.

3951: 3558: 3533: 3270: 2782: 2604: 2582: 2546:"Akwesasne votes Yes to accepting $ 240M Dundee land claim settlement | CBC News" 2512: 2485: 2468: 2333: 2307: 2284: 2102: 1594: 1557: 1132: 1104: 1046: 985: 910: 796: 694: 674: 657: 651: 636: 616: 535: 527: 328: 37: 3095:"Mohawk police in Akwesasne to fight gun smuggling with stepped-up water patrol" 3077:"Quebec gives $ 6.2 million to Mohawk police force to stop firearms trafficking" 2902:, National Film Board of Canada. Curator's comments. Retrieved 02 December 2009. 2897: 2121:, environmentalist, Native American rights activist, and women's health advocate 1231:. Many islands in the St. Lawrence River are part of Akwesasne. Generally the 3981: 3371: 3279: 2575: 1962: 1703: 1579: 1537: 1037: 895: 690: 3236: 2968: 1659:

Generally, Akwesasnro:non travel off the reservation for secondary education.

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SAM HOWE VERHOVEK, "Whose Law Applies When Lawlessness Rules on Indian Land?"

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abuses committed against Akwesasro꞉non by the CBSA border services officers.

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and the Act's historical and legal predecessors. They are known to Canada as

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of New York, extends for 127.4 mi (205.0 km) on an east–west axis.

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ICTMN Staff, "Classic '70s Poster Art: Akwesasne Notes x Edward S. Curtis"

2597: 729:, and the territory within Quebec is called the Akwesasne Indian Reserve. 579:

The community was founded in the mid-18th century by Mohawk families from

4350:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 3886: 3810:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 3462: 3224: 3163:"Akwesasne: Bodies of two more migrants found, bring total dead to eight" 2442:

Darren Bonaparte, "St. Regis Mission Established 250 Years Ago This Year"

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VIUSpace Alexander, D. (1986). "Advocacy journalism: Native style",

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well as by lower-level jurisdictions such as provinces and states.

962:. Some Mohawk joined the growing community at Akwesasne. Under the 829: 793: 410: 1887:, was active in organizing a US / Canada border crossing over the 1862:, a collective soon formed and developed its own variation of the 3114:"Human smuggling puts Akwesasne community at risk, officials say" 2118: 1765: 1680: 1078: 872: 860: 721: 565: 362: 2105:(1918–2011), educator, activist, and chief of the Mohawk Council 1081:

because of international borders and provincial boundaries: the

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settlement of $ 240M for the Dundee parcel, 37 years after the

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series, October 2012. The Canadian broadcast premiere was on

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may also be held if one or more of the seats become vacant.

619:, and some other Native American tribes), founded after the 2989: 2987: 1783: 1717: 1438: 1112: 948: 506: 488: 3254: 2482:"Northeast Captivity Stories—"Captivity of Sarah Tarbell"" 1398: 938:, the British took over Canada and New France east of the 448: 2404:

The Unredeemed Captive: A Family Story from Early America

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The Unredeemed Captive: A Family Story from Early America

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The Unredeemed Captive: A Family Story from Early America

2052: 2011:(2008) is an American drama film written and directed by 1995:(2006) is a Canadian documentary written and directed by 1796: 1077:

The Roman Catholic parish at Akwesasne falls under three

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around the Great Lakes began adopting the cultivation of

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that began in September 1775. No casualties occurred.

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The Tarbell brothers were born to English colonists in

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coincides with what is called the federally recognized

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Ronathahon:ni Cultural Centre - formerly known as the

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Iohahi:io Akwesasne Education & Training Institute

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at the new mission. With tensions rising prior to the

1891:. This event preceded demonstrations surrounding the 515: 503: 500: 494: 485: 482: 476: 1724:, has an FM transmitter in Akwesasne, 103.5 W278CS. 1154: 681:

Drums", referring to the rich wildlife in the area.

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Quebec populated places on the Saint Lawrence River

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Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female

491: 2607:, North American Indian Travelling College website 2437: 2435: 2406:, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994, pp. 186 and 224 2369: 2367: 2365: 1247: 1219:Akwesasne borders the towns of Brasher, New York, 556:that straddles the intersection of international ( 3276:from the American Indian Digital History Project. 2941:"Border authorities shut down Akwesasne crossing" 4381: 3309: 2650:"Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment (AFTE)" 1632:Ahkwesahsne Mohawk School - K-4, K-5, grades 1-8 732:In the U.S. state of New York, the territory of 2724: 2722: 2506:Darren Bonaparte, "First Families of Akwesasne" 2432: 2362: 2204:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 1906: 1883:In April 2001, this collective, along with the 1810: 1694:during evenings, a free format on Fridays, and 1458:Akwesasne is currently represented in Canada's 2753: 2751: 2086:on CBS. The episode aired on January 26, 2021. 1264: 3855: 3431: 3295: 2423:The History of the St. Regis Catholic Church, 2380:, Volume 32, pp. 149-159, accessed 3 Feb 2010 1447:people were enfranchised in Canada. In 1985, 1172:Tsi Snaihne (Snye, Quebec or Chenail, Quebec) 840:; the Mohawk dominated in number. During the 3592:Map of New York highlighting Franklin County 3194:. London: Wallflower Press. pp. 81–89. 2969:"Ronathahonni Presents: Rekindling the Fire" 2719: 2576:Darren Bonaparte, "The History of Akwesasne" 2414: 2412: 2099:(1917–1999), textile artist and basket maker 1846:Initiated in October 2000 by L. Fantoni and 1235:are majority English-speaking in daily use. 1060: 29: 3185: 2748: 2526: 2295: 2293: 2272: 2270: 1378: 960:Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation 740:. This portion of Akwesasne is bisected by 631:. The portion in Ontario is referred to as 613:Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation 4410:Native American tribes in New York (state) 4395:Border irregularities of the United States 3862: 3848: 3438: 3424: 3302: 3288: 1646:St. Regis Mohawk School - Pre-K to grade 6 1214: 1016:(Ogdensburg, New York), where there was a 844:years, this community participated in the 456: 2913:"Mohawks defend sovereignty at Akwesasne" 2696: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2409: 1734: 1666:(SUNY) extension programs with the SRMT. 1638:Tsi Snaihne School - K-4, K-5, grades 1-8 1301:Chiefs of the Mohawk Council of Akwesasne 3111: 3059:""J.E" sur la route des armes illégales" 2731:What is the Mohawk Council of Akwesasne? 2290: 2267: 1635:Kana:takon School - K-4, K-5, grades 1-5 1439:Governance: Canada and the United States 1382: 2769: 1831:2001 "anti-globalization" direct action 1797:Native North American Traveling College 1399:Council of the Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe 1146:Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment 973: 16:Mohawk territory in New York and Canada 4382: 2674: 2562: 1941: 1576:United States House of Representatives 3843: 3419: 3283: 3179: 2327:Bonaparte, "The History of Akwesasne" 2043:Aboriginal Peoples Television Network 1984: 1805: 1431:Traffic Court Judge #2 Victor Martin 1107:founded Akwesasne's first newspaper, 344:85.89 km (33.16 sq mi) 95:Map of the Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne 3317: 2543: 2499: 2090: 1969:Arms trafficking and Human smuggling 1428:Traffic Court Judge #1 Lois Terrance 1387:Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe tribal flag 1276:Mohawks of Akwesasne Bands 59 and 15 1031: 879:(also known in North America as the 772:-speaking peoples, later called the 3216:KANIENʼKEHÁ꞉KA: Living The Language 3160: 2039:KANIENʼKEHÁ꞉KA: Living The Language 744:. This major state highway in the 13: 3921: 3870:Municipalities and communities of 3587: 3446:Municipalities and communities of 3026:, 6 May 1990, accessed 27 Feb 2010 2655:Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology 572:) boundaries on both banks of the 14: 4426: 3248: 3119:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 2951:from the original on 20 June 2009 2923:from the original on 19 June 2009 2393:, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994 1792:oval and host of outdoor concerts 1698:on Sundays. CKON also broadcasts 1650:One school is run independently: 1571:Akwesasne is represented in the: 1495:Akwesasne is represented in the: 1155:Communities, hamlets and villages 848:. Some men regularly traveled to 792:, visited in 1535-1536 by French 645:), and the portions in Quebec as 249: 216: 183: 150: 114: 3384: 3363: 3355: 3334: 3175:from the original on 2023-04-07. 3150:from the original on 2022-12-09. 3126:from the original on 2023-04-07. 2708:. Historica Foundation of Canada 2532: 2264:, NY: Alfred Knopf, 1994, p. 224 2133:(1938–2022), artist and educator 1850:Casper on the heels of the anti- 1780:Annual Akwesasne Winter Carnival 1548:Akwesasne is represented in the 1512:(Stormont-Dundas-South Glengarry 1169:Kana:takon (Saint Regis, Quebec) 1042:superintendent of Indian Affairs 472: 248: 241: 215: 208: 182: 175: 149: 142: 113: 106: 89: 74: 59: 3230: 3208: 3154: 3130: 3112:Williams, Nicole (2022-01-14). 3105: 3087: 3069: 3061:. 25 March 2021. Archived from 3051: 3029: 3013: 2961: 2933: 2905: 2891: 2881:"Ronathahon:ni Cultural Centre" 2873: 2862: 2841: 2826: 2801: 2787: 2690: 2678:Mohawk Nation Council of Chiefs 2668: 2642: 2626: 2610: 2591: 2537: 2474: 2455: 2151:, actress and singer-songwriter 1764:Akwesasne Annual International 1604: 1532:In 1924, Native Americans were 1500:Lesislative Assembly of Ontario 1489:Stormont-Dundas-South Glengarry 1416:Sub-Chief Agnes 'Sweets' Jacobs 1248:Mohawk Nation Council of Chiefs 1020:garrisoned by a company of the 2383: 2343: 2251: 2139:, artist, poet, and radio host 1758: 1702:of home and away games of the 1655:followed by other communities. 1434:Chief Legal Counsel Dale White 1083:Diocese of Alexandria-Cornwall 1: 3873:St. Lawrence County, New York 3385: 3335: 3097:. 9 June 2022. Archived from 2869:Akwesasne TV official website 2244: 2001:National Film Board of Canada 1913:Canada Border Services Agency 1238: 232:Show map of the United States 229:Akwesasne (the United States) 3364: 3356: 3310:Places adjacent to Akwesasne 3186:Honarpisheh, Farbod (2006). 2544:Deer, Jessica (2018-12-11). 2351:The Canadian Press Stylebook 2111:(1877–1968), baseball player 1907:2009 border crossing dispute 1811:1969 border crossing dispute 1664:State University of New York 1623: 1393:St. Regis Mohawk Reservation 1339:Tsi Snaihne District Chiefs: 931:("the village", in Mohawk). 738:St. Regis Mohawk Reservation 684: 663:Kaná:takon & Tsi Snaíhne 629:St. Regis Mohawk Reservation 7: 4400:Canada–United States border 3255:Mohawk Council of Akwesasne 3161:Roy, Lillian (2023-03-31). 2378:Journal of Canadian Studies 2197: 2169:, actor, artist, and dancer 1880:and racialist hate groups. 1852:International Monetary Fund 1518:National Assembly of Quebec 1413:Sub-Chief Benjamin J. Herne 1360:Kawehno:ke District Chiefs: 1318:Kana:takon District Chiefs: 1265:Mohawk Council of Akwesasne 970:joined the St. Regis band. 813:theorize that the stronger 727:Akwesasne 59 Indian Reserve 699:Canada–United States border 10: 4431: 2353:(18th ed.), Toronto: 2310:(accessed April 12, 2012). 2287:(accessed April 12, 2012). 2161:Mike Kanentakeron Mitchell 1999:(Mohawk). A member of the 1997:Mike Kanentakeron Mitchell 1945: 1893:3rd Summit of the Americas 1608: 1407:Chief Ronald LaFrance, Jr. 1166:(Cornwall Island, Ontario) 994:American Revolutionary War 984:The Battle of the Cedars ( 977: 956:American Revolutionary War 900:Congregation of Notre Dame 751: 621:American Revolutionary War 564:) borders and provincial ( 468:Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne 54:Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne 4405:Mohawk reserves in Quebec 4355: 4345: 4257: 4168: 4105: 3932: 3919: 3903: 3884: 3815: 3805: 3785: 3677: 3643: 3599: 3585: 3479: 3460: 3449:Franklin County, New York 3315: 3143:The Canadian Encyclopedia 2706:The Canadian Encyclopedia 2519:15 April 2005, hosted at 2448:, 25 Mar 2005; reprinted 2425:1990s, article hosted at 2421:, in Rosemary Bonaparte, 2157:(1925–2004), basket maker 1948:Cornwall Island (Ontario) 1801:Strawberry Music Festival 1771:Akwesasne Cultural Center 1710:hockey teams, and of the 1611:Indigenous court (Canada) 1425:Chief Judge Carrie Garrow 1332:Timothy "Dooley" Thompson 1098:Indian Reorganization Act 1096:Following passage of the 1061:20th-century institutions 1053:was first filed with the 716:, New York in the south. 532:Nation Mohawk à Akwesasne 443: 427: 405: 388: 371: 361: 353: 348: 340: 335: 322: 317: 309: 274: 100: 88: 70: 58: 53: 46: 24: 3376:Fort Covington, New York 3324:South Glengarry, Ontario 3266:Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe 3190:. In Jerry White (ed.). 3188:"You Are On Indian Land" 2996:Akwesasne dispute primer 2175:(1925–2019), code talker 1692:adult contemporary music 1674: 1669: 1508:Progressive Conservative 1422:Tribal Clerk Summer Bero 1410:Chief Michael L. Conners 1379:Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe 1287:representative democracy 1207:Sugarbush Island, Quebec 1204:St. Regis Island, Quebec 1180:Raquette Point, New York 647:Akwesasne Reserve No. 15 633:Akwesasne Reserve No. 59 2097:Mary Kawennatakie Adams 1837:NYC Ya Basta Collective 1776:Akwesasne Mohawk Casino 1586:New York State Assembly 1522:Coalition Avenir Québec 1215:Surrounding communities 925:St. Jean-François Regis 774:St. Lawrence Iroquoians 768:. By the 14th century, 742:New York State Route 37 661: 640: 591:. It is one of several 589:Seven Nations of Canada 539: 419:& H0M 0A1, 13655, 30: 3926: 3593: 3241:, Penelope Productions 2899:You Are on Indian Land 2023:was nominated for two 1992:You Are on Indian Land 1889:Three Nations Crossing 1817:Three Nations Crossing 1735:Online and print media 1563:United States Senator 1556:United States Senator 1419:Sub-Chief Kenneth Jock 1388: 1347:Sarah Lee Sunday-Diabo 1323:Cindy Francis-Mitchell 1281:The MCA operates as a 1159:The three main areas: 1087:Diocese of Valleyfield 989: 706:Three Nations Crossing 677:means "Land Where the 531: 65:Road sign in Akwesasne 3925: 3591: 3274:(1969–1987 newspaper) 2858:Indian Time Newspaper 2795:"87.9 FM Karennaonwe" 2698:Henderson, William B. 2621:Indian Country Today, 2452:, accessed 9 Jun 2009 2450:The Wampum Chronicles 2444:, first published in 2429:, accessed 3 Jun 2010 2340:, accessed 1 Feb 2010 2338:The Wampum Chronicles 2181:(1942–1972), activist 2131:John Kahionhes Fadden 2031:was nominated for an 1946:Further information: 1931:New York State Police 1885:Direct Action Network 1747:Indian Time Newspaper 1720:, a radio station in 1609:Further information: 1467:Claude DeBellefeuille 1386: 1329:Julie Phillips-Jacobs 1201:Yellow Island, Quebec 1198:Pilon Island, Ontario 1186:, New York (disputed) 1091:Diocese of Ogdensburg 1067:Sisters of Saint Anne 978:Further information: 934:After victory in the 888:Groton, Massachusetts 881:French and Indian War 756:Beginning about 1000 390: • Summer ( 323: • Language 294:44.97111°N 74.64194°W 4368:United States portal 3828:United States portal 3192:The Cinema of Canada 3101:on October 29, 2022. 3083:on December 4, 2022. 2887:on January 18, 2012. 2738:on December 10, 2008 2637:Indian Country Today 1728:87.9 FM Karennaon:we 1550:United States Senate 1520:by Carole Mallette, 1344:April Adams-Phillips 1272:Indian Act of Canada 1255:Iroquois Confederacy 1055:government of Canada 1022:8th Regiment of Foot 980:Battle of the Cedars 974:Battle of the Cedars 968:Ogdensburg, New York 133:Show map of New York 2517:The People's Voice, 1942:History of disputes 1901:Quebec City, Quebec 1876:rights and against 1712:Akwesasne Lightning 1089:in Canada, and the 954:At the time of the 942:. They allowed the 805:Samuel de Champlain 326:English (de facto) 310:Permanently Settled 299:44.97111; -74.64194 290: / 166:Show map of Ontario 163:Akwesasne (Ontario) 3927: 3594: 3065:on March 28, 2021. 2781:2006-10-08 at the 2603:2015-02-18 at the 2581:2011-10-08 at the 2511:2014-12-23 at the 2467:2010-09-19 at the 2446:The People's Voice 2355:The Canadian Press 2332:2012-02-19 at the 2306:2020-08-24 at the 2283:2020-08-24 at the 2071:Mohawk Ironworkers 1985:In popular culture 1841:anti-globalization 1806:Political activism 1588:by Representative 1578:by Representative 1565:Kirsten Gillibrand 1485:Conservative Party 1404:Chief Beverly Cook 1389: 1195:Frogtown, New York 1008:Claude de Lorimier 1002:invasion of Quebec 998:Les Cèdres, Quebec 909:Starting in 1755, 803:. But by the time 574:St. Lawrence River 354: • Total 265:Show map of Canada 262:Akwesasne (Canada) 199:Show map of Quebec 196:Akwesasne (Quebec) 4377: 4376: 3837: 3836: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3398:Brasher, New York 3350:Massena, New York 3346:Cornwall, Ontario 3260:Akwesasne History 3138:"Human Smugglers" 3047:on July 24, 2018. 2809:"Akwesasne Notes" 2765:. 2 October 2016. 2587:Wampum Chronicles 2521:Wampum Chronicles 2427:Wampum Chronicles 2191:Shirley Hill Witt 2091:Notable Akwesasne 1924:Beretta Px4 Storm 1790:dirt track racing 1371:Edward Roundpoint 1229:Massena, New York 1032:Dundee land claim 940:Mississippi River 838:Roman Catholicism 832:. Kahnawake is a 762:indigenous people 464: 463: 341: • Land 4422: 4369: 4362: 4150:Rensselaer Falls 3924: 3896: 3889: 3879: 3874: 3864: 3857: 3850: 3841: 3840: 3829: 3822: 3797:St. Regis Mohawk 3692:Dickinson Center 3590: 3472: 3465: 3455: 3450: 3440: 3433: 3426: 3417: 3416: 3403:Bombay, New York 3388: 3387: 3367: 3366: 3359: 3358: 3338: 3337: 3318: 3304: 3297: 3290: 3281: 3280: 3242: 3234: 3228: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3079:. Archived from 3073: 3067: 3066: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3043:. Archived from 3033: 3027: 3017: 3011: 3010: 3009: 3008: 3003:on July 16, 2009 2999:, archived from 2991: 2982: 2981: 2980: 2979: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2957: 2956: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2929: 2928: 2909: 2903: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2883:. Archived from 2877: 2871: 2866: 2860: 2845: 2839: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2821: 2820: 2811:. Archived from 2805: 2799: 2798: 2791: 2785: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2755: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2734:, archived from 2726: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2713: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2663: 2662: 2646: 2640: 2630: 2624: 2623:24 November 2012 2614: 2608: 2595: 2589: 2573: 2560: 2559: 2557: 2556: 2541: 2535: 2530: 2524: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2493: 2484:. Archived from 2478: 2472: 2459: 2453: 2439: 2430: 2416: 2407: 2400: 2394: 2387: 2381: 2371: 2360: 2358: 2347: 2341: 2324: 2311: 2297: 2288: 2274: 2265: 2255: 2185:Marlana Thompson 2083:FBI: Most Wanted 2057:America Reframed 1911:On 1 June 2009, 1849: 1722:Malone, New York 1708:Akwesasne Wolves 1542:Indian Territory 1475:Salaberry—Suroît 1210:Outlying islands 1026:Continental Army 936:Seven Years' War 892:Queen Anne's War 877:Seven Years' War 857:Queen Anne's War 850:Albany, New York 655: 522: 518: 513: 512: 509: 508: 505: 502: 499: 496: 493: 490: 487: 484: 481: 478: 460: 455: 452: 450: 407:Postal code span 395: 305: 304: 302: 301: 300: 295: 291: 288: 287: 286: 283: 266: 252: 251: 245: 233: 219: 218: 212: 200: 186: 185: 179: 167: 153: 152: 146: 134: 127:Location within 117: 116: 110: 93: 78: 63: 48:Mohawk Territory 41: 33: 22: 21: 19:Mohawk Territory 4430: 4429: 4425: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4420: 4419: 4380: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4367: 4361:New York portal 4360: 4351: 4341: 4253: 4199:DeKalb Junction 4164: 4101: 3928: 3922: 3917: 3899: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3877: 3872: 3868: 3838: 3833: 3827: 3821:New York portal 3820: 3811: 3801: 3788: 3781: 3762:Upper St. Regis 3673: 3669:St. Regis Falls 3639: 3595: 3583: 3475: 3470: 3463: 3456: 3453: 3448: 3444: 3414: 3409: 3374: 3368: 3348: 3311: 3308: 3272:Akwesasne Notes 3251: 3246: 3245: 3235: 3231: 3213: 3209: 3202: 3184: 3180: 3159: 3155: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3110: 3106: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3018: 3014: 3006: 3004: 2993: 2992: 2985: 2977: 2975: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2954: 2952: 2939: 2938: 2934: 2926: 2924: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2896: 2892: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2867: 2863: 2846: 2842: 2831: 2827: 2818: 2816: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2783:Wayback Machine 2776:A LONG Time Ago 2774: 2770: 2757: 2756: 2749: 2741: 2739: 2728: 2727: 2720: 2711: 2709: 2695: 2691: 2683: 2681: 2673: 2669: 2660: 2658: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2631: 2627: 2615: 2611: 2605:Wayback Machine 2596: 2592: 2583:Wayback Machine 2574: 2563: 2554: 2552: 2542: 2538: 2533:Leighton (2000) 2531: 2527: 2513:Wayback Machine 2504: 2500: 2491: 2489: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2469:Wayback Machine 2460: 2456: 2440: 2433: 2417: 2410: 2401: 2397: 2388: 2384: 2372: 2363: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2334:Wayback Machine 2325: 2314: 2308:Wayback Machine 2298: 2291: 2285:Wayback Machine 2275: 2268: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2200: 2143:Margaret Jacobs 2127: 2103:Ernest Benedict 2093: 2067:, October 2012. 1987: 1971: 1950: 1944: 1909: 1847: 1839:was a group of 1833: 1813: 1808: 1761: 1741:Akwesasne Notes 1737: 1714:lacrosse team. 1690:, and also has 1677: 1672: 1626: 1613: 1607: 1595:New York Senate 1558:Charles Schumer 1441: 1401: 1381: 1368:Jackie Benedict 1303: 1267: 1250: 1241: 1223:, New York and 1217: 1157: 1133:Akwesasne Notes 1105:Ernest Benedict 1063: 1040:. In 1888, the 1034: 982: 976: 911:French-Canadian 797:Jacques Cartier 754: 687: 649: 617:Iroquois League 520: 516: 475: 471: 447: 423: 389: 327: 298: 296: 292: 289: 284: 281: 279: 277: 276: 270: 269: 268: 267: 264: 263: 260: 259: 258: 257: 253: 236: 235: 234: 231: 230: 227: 226: 225: 224: 220: 203: 202: 201: 198: 197: 194: 193: 192: 191: 187: 170: 169: 168: 165: 164: 161: 160: 159: 158: 154: 137: 136: 135: 132: 131: 125: 124: 123: 122: 118: 96: 84: 83: 82: 81: 66: 49: 42: 35: 27: 20: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4428: 4418: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4371: 4364: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4337:West Stockholm 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4297:Massena Center 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4263: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4194:Cranberry Lake 4191: 4186: 4181: 4174: 4172: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4111: 4109: 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3395: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3382: 3379: 3378: 3372:Dundee, Quebec 3369: 3354: 3352: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3307: 3306: 3299: 3292: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3268: 3263: 3257: 3250: 3249:External links 3247: 3244: 3243: 3229: 3219:, directed by 3207: 3200: 3178: 3153: 3146:. 2003-05-11. 3129: 3104: 3086: 3068: 3050: 3028: 3024:New York Times 3012: 2983: 2960: 2947:, 2009-06-01, 2932: 2917:Workers' World 2904: 2890: 2872: 2861: 2852:2012-12-20 at 2840: 2837:, IX(4), 27-28 2825: 2800: 2786: 2768: 2747: 2718: 2689: 2667: 2641: 2639:, 16 July 2014 2625: 2609: 2590: 2561: 2536: 2525: 2498: 2473: 2454: 2431: 2408: 2395: 2382: 2361: 2342: 2312: 2289: 2266: 2249: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2242: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2124: 2123: 2122: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2087: 2078: 2068: 2063:, part of its 2046: 2036: 2025:Academy Awards 2004: 1986: 1983: 1970: 1967: 1963:assault rifles 1943: 1940: 1908: 1905: 1868:tactic of the 1832: 1829: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1799: 1793: 1786: 1781: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1743: 1736: 1733: 1704:Cornwall Colts 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1657: 1656: 1648: 1647: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1625: 1622: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1592: 1583: 1580:Elise Stefanik 1569: 1568: 1561: 1538:Indian Removal 1530: 1529: 1515: 1493: 1492: 1478: 1471:Bloc Quebecois 1449:Status Indians 1440: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1400: 1397: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1374:Vince Thompson 1372: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1311:Abram Benedict 1308: 1307: 1302: 1299: 1266: 1263: 1249: 1246: 1240: 1237: 1221:Fort Covington 1216: 1213: 1212: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1187: 1181: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1156: 1153: 1103:In the 1940s, 1062: 1059: 1047:specific claim 1033: 1030: 975: 972: 944:Kanienʼkehá꞉ka 834:Kanienʼkehá꞉ka 776:, had created 753: 750: 686: 683: 593:Kanienʼkehá꞉ka 585:Kanienʼkehá:ka 550:Kanienʼkehá:ka 462: 461: 445: 441: 440: 431: 425: 424: 415: 413: 403: 402: 396: 386: 385: 375: 369: 368: 365: 359: 358: 355: 351: 350: 346: 345: 342: 338: 337: 333: 332: 324: 320: 319: 315: 314: 311: 307: 306: 272: 271: 261: 255: 254: 247: 246: 240: 239: 238: 237: 228: 222: 221: 214: 213: 207: 206: 205: 204: 195: 189: 188: 181: 180: 174: 173: 172: 171: 162: 156: 155: 148: 147: 141: 140: 139: 138: 126: 120: 119: 112: 111: 105: 104: 103: 102: 101: 98: 97: 94: 86: 85: 79: 73: 72: 71: 68: 67: 64: 56: 55: 51: 50: 47: 44: 43: 28: 25: 18: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4427: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4370: 4365: 4363: 4358: 4357: 4354: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 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Set in the 2014: 2013:Courtney Hunt 2010: 2009: 2005: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1982: 1978: 1975: 1966: 1964: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1927: 1925: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1828: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1748: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1686: 1685:country music 1682: 1667: 1665: 1660: 1653: 1652: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1621: 1617: 1612: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1546: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1463: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1445:First Nations 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1396: 1394: 1385: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1365:Vanessa Adams 1364: 1363: 1359: 1357: 1356: 1353:Dwayne Thomas 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1315: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1298: 1296: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1262: 1260: 1259:Haudenosaunee 1256: 1245: 1236: 1234: 1233:Akwesasro꞉non 1230: 1226: 1222: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144:In 1987, the 1142: 1140: 1139:Edward Curtis 1136: 1134: 1128: 1124: 1122: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1094: 1093:in New York. 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1072: 1068: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1039: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1014: 1009: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 981: 971: 969: 965: 961: 957: 952: 950: 945: 941: 937: 932: 930: 926: 923: 918: 915: 912: 907: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 884: 882: 878: 874: 869: 864: 862: 858: 853: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 822: 820: 816: 812: 808: 806: 802: 798: 795: 791: 790: 785: 784: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 749: 747: 746:North Country 743: 739: 735: 730: 728: 723: 717: 715: 711: 707: 702: 700: 696: 692: 682: 680: 676: 672: 667: 665: 664: 659: 653: 648: 644: 643: 638: 634: 630: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 577: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 558:United States 555: 551: 547: 546:Mohawk Nation 543: 542: 537: 533: 529: 525: 524: 511: 469: 459: 454: 446: 442: 439: 435: 432: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 412: 408: 404: 400: 397: 393: 387: 383: 379: 376: 374: 370: 367:Akwesasro꞉non 366: 364: 360: 356: 352: 347: 343: 339: 334: 330: 325: 321: 316: 312: 308: 303: 275:Coordinates: 273: 244: 211: 178: 145: 130: 109: 99: 92: 87: 77: 69: 62: 57: 52: 45: 39: 32: 23: 4327:South Colton 4322:Rooseveltown 4317:Raymondville 4307:Newton Falls 4282:Chippewa Bay 4177: 3892: 3777:Whippleville 3767:Vermontville 3737:Rainbow Lake 3727:North Bangor 3652: 3629:Saranac Lake 3549:Harrietstown 3468: 3360: 3271: 3237: 3232: 3221:Paul Rickard 3215: 3210: 3191: 3181: 3166: 3156: 3141: 3132: 3117: 3107: 3099:the original 3089: 3081:the original 3071: 3063:the original 3053: 3045:the original 3031: 3023: 3015: 3005:, retrieved 3001:the original 2995: 2976:, retrieved 2972: 2963: 2953:, retrieved 2944: 2935: 2925:, retrieved 2916: 2907: 2898: 2893: 2885:the original 2875: 2864: 2857: 2843: 2834: 2828: 2817:. 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F. G. 1700:coverage 1599:Dan Stec 1176:Others: 1085:and the 1079:dioceses 842:colonial 830:Montreal 794:explorer 691:Raquette 438:613, 343 411:ZIP Code 129:New York 4312:Pyrites 4259:Hamlets 4234:Norfolk 4204:Edwards 4145:Potsdam 4140:Norwood 4135:Massena 4125:Hammond 4087:Russell 4077:Potsdam 4047:Norfolk 4037:Massena 3997:Hammond 3977:Edwards 3967:De Kalb 3957:Clifton 3942:Brasher 3679:Hamlets 3574:Waverly 3504:Brandon 2973:YouTube 2523:website 2119:midwife 2055:in its 1766:Pow-wow 1681:CKON-FM 1567:(D- NY) 1560:(D- NY) 896:Abenaki 873:sawmill 868:leagues 861:Abenaki 752:History 722:exclave 566:Ontario 544:) is a 444:Website 421:K6H 5R7 417:H0M 1A0 382:Eastern 363:Demonym 4302:Morley 4292:Helena 4224:Madrid 4219:Hermon 4189:Colton 4115:Canton 4082:Rossie 4032:Madrid 4027:Macomb 4017:Lisbon 4002:Hermon 3987:Fowler 3962:Colton 3947:Canton 3895:Canton 3787:Indian 3752:Skerry 3624:Malone 3554:Malone 3499:Bombay 3489:Bangor 3471:Malone 3198: 2357:, 2017 1897:summit 1878:racism 1860:Prague 1696:oldies 1688:format 1225:Bombay 1071:church 1038:Dundee 986:French 922:priest 914:Jesuit 815:Mohawk 675:Mohawk 658:Mohawk 637:Mohawk 570:Quebec 562:Canada 536:Mohawk 528:French 384:(EST)) 357:14,000 329:Mohawk 38:Mohawk 34: 3952:Clare 3934:Towns 3614:Burke 3559:Moira 3534:Duane 3514:Burke 3481:Towns 2471:, RCN 2239:Wahta 1679:97.3 1675:Radio 1670:Media 1524:MNA ( 1113:clans 1051:claim 766:maize 654:] 601:Wahta 401:(EDT) 399:UTC−4 378:UTC−5 4170:CDPs 3982:Fine 3905:City 3645:CDPs 3223:and 3196:ISBN 2835:Fuse 2075:APTN 2061:APTN 1895:, a 1835:The 1718:WICY 1706:and 1552:by: 1510:MPP 1487:MP ( 1473:MP ( 1462:by: 1018:fort 949:clan 786:and 704:The 693:and 568:and 560:and 523:-neh 519:-wə- 466:The 336:Area 313:1754 80:Flag 2550:CBC 2053:PBS 1502:by 1257:or 673:in 666:). 521:SAS 453:.ca 449:www 434:518 392:DST 4386:: 3891:: 3876:, 3467:: 3452:, 3171:. 3165:. 3140:. 3122:. 3116:. 3039:. 3022:, 2986:^ 2971:, 2943:, 2919:, 2915:, 2856:, 2761:. 2750:^ 2721:^ 2704:. 2652:. 2635:, 2619:, 2585:, 2564:^ 2548:. 2515:, 2434:^ 2411:^ 2376:, 2364:^ 2336:, 2315:^ 2292:^ 2269:^ 2260:, 2117:, 2045:). 1506:, 1483:, 1469:, 1285:, 1278:. 1261:. 1057:. 988:: 758:AD 660:: 652:fr 639:: 623:. 607:, 603:, 599:, 552:) 538:: 534:; 530:: 526:; 517:AK 507:eɪ 436:, 4180:‡ 3863:e 3856:t 3849:v 3655:‡ 3631:‡ 3439:e 3432:t 3425:v 3303:e 3296:t 3289:v 3227:. 3204:. 2822:. 2797:. 2715:. 2664:. 2558:. 2495:. 2359:) 2077:. 2035:. 1854:/ 1135:. 656:( 635:( 548:( 510:/ 504:n 501:s 498:æ 495:s 492:ˈ 489:ə 486:w 483:k 480:æ 477:ˌ 474:/ 470:( 409:/ 394:) 380:( 40:) 36:(

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