27:
2025:
1941:"Freedom differs from liberty as control differs from discipline. Liberty, like discipline, is linked to institutions and political parties, whether liberal or libertarian; freedom is not. Although freedom can work for or against institutions, it is not bound to them—it travels through unofficial networks. To have liberty is to be liberated from something; to be free is to be self-determining, autonomous. Freedom can or cannot exist within a state of liberty: one can be liberated yet
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2011:
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1997:
1871:, for example, differentiated liberty from freedom in that freedom is primarily, if not exclusively, the ability to do as one wills and what one has the power to do, whereas liberty concerns the absence of arbitrary restraints and takes into account the rights of all involved. As such, the exercise of liberty is subject to capability and limited by the rights of others.
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and there is conflict between people who think all races, religions, genders, and social classes should be equally free and people who think freedom is the exclusive right of certain groups. Frequently discussed are
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are used interchangeably. This is confusing because these two do not mean the same, and in fact what Berlin calls "the notion of 'negative' freedom" has become largely incorporated in the word
1256:
1977:
as a defining aspect of freedom. While, operative control is the ability to direct ones actions on a day-to-day basis, that freedom can depend on the whim of another, also known as
1920:"Liberty is linked to human subjectivity; freedom is not. The Declaration of Independence, for example, describes men as having liberty and the nation as being free. Free will—
1747:
In one definition, something is "free" if it can change and is not constrained in its present state. Physicists and chemists use the word in this sense. In its origin, the
2169:
2290:
in its earlier meaning was much closer to the Latin libertas and in its current meaning reflects a different concept, which is a product of the Anglo-Saxon culture".
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1867:
Sometimes the terms "freedom" and "liberty" tend to be used interchangeably. Sometimes subtle distinctions are made between "freedom" and "liberty"
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2311:(derived from Sanskrit) meant dear and described all those close or related to the head of the family (hence friends). Conversely in Latin,
2303:(2008), p. 9: "Although used interchangeably, freedom and liberty have significantly different etymologies and histories. According to the
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is the power or right to speak, act and change as one wants without hindrance or restraint. Freedom is often associated with
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2319:), meaning literally the free members of the household. Those who are one's friends are free; those who are not are slaves".
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2334:(4th ed.). London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. pp. 21–22 Archived 17 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
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2262:(2011), p. 1447: "Throughout this entry, incidentally, the terms freedom and liberty are used interchangeably".
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is often associated with liberty and autonomy, and a distinction is made between countries that are free and
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2464:. The Norton global ethics series (First ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 2–3, 221.
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made a distinction between "positive" freedom and "negative" freedom in his seminal 1958 lecture
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is the ability to fulfill one's purposes. Another way to describe negative liberty is freedom
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Wendy Hui Kyong Chun explains these differences in terms of their relation to institutions:
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denoted the legal state of freedom versus enslavement and was later extended to children (
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2016:
1985:
argues that both operative and reserve control are needed for democracy and freedom.
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2115:, 1944 book by Bronislaw Malinowski about freedom from anthropological perspective
1909:), but descriptions of freedom and liberty generally do not invoke having liberty
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2421:"Republicanism, Freedom from Domination, and the Cambridge Contextual Historians"
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Baumeister, Roy F.; Monroe, Andrew E. (2014). "Recent
Research on Free Will".
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means an ability to do what one wants, without external obstacles and
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2278:(1997), pp. 130–131: "Unfortunately... the English words freedom and
2010:
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The digital republic: on freedom and democracy in the 21st century
2407:
Control and
Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the Age of Fiber Optics
2301:
Control and
Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the Age of Fiber Optics
4382:
4295:
3183:
3151:
3141:
2912:
2872:
2705:
2630:
2615:
2350:
Philosophical Papers: Volume 2, Philosophy and the Human
Sciences
2279:
1843:
1737:
722:
328:
3131:
2932:
2720:
2695:
2685:
2655:
2640:
1922:
the quality of being free from the control of fate or necessity
392:
3161:
2650:
2585:
2142:
Stevenson, Angus; Lindberg, Christine A., eds. (2010-01-01).
1751:
word "freedom" relates etymologically to the word "friend".
3156:
2580:
2095:, 1889 statue on the dome of the Georgia State Capitol (US)
2725:
2620:
2258:
Bertrand Badie, Dirk Berg-Schlosser, Leonardo
Morlino,
2121:, a term coined by political philosopher and economist
1992:
1924:—may first have been attributed to human will, but
1842:, a strong distinction is made between freedom and
1780:nations, freedom is considered a right, especially
1021:
Alliance of
Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
2193:
1953:that freedom arose from the yearnings of slaves)."
2461:Just freedom: a moral compass for a complex world
2141:
1951:Freedom: Freedom in the Making of Western Culture
1744:in the sense of "giving oneself one's own laws".
4420:
2491:(1st ed.). New York London: Pegasus Books.
2260:International Encyclopedia of Political Science
2192:
2347:(1985). "What's Wrong With Negative Liberty".
2276:Understanding Cultures Through Their Key Words
1949:yet enslaved (Orlando Patterson has argued in
2541:
1714:
1046:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
1016:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
3047:
2270:
2268:
2983:
23:Ability to act or change without constraint
2548:
2534:
2418:
2228:Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
1957:
1721:
1707:
2265:
1051:International Federation of Liberal Youth
2555:
2484:
25:
4131:Reflections on the Revolution in France
2401:
2399:
1031:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
4421:
2457:
2419:Springborg, Patricia (December 2001).
2343:
2188:
2186:
1862:
2529:
2371:from the original on 28 February 2023
2396:
2214:participating institution membership
2156:10.1093/acref/9780195392883.001.0001
4241:The End of History and the Last Man
4151:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
2183:
1071:Liberal South East European Network
13:
2236:10.1016/B978-0-12-800284-1.00001-1
14:
4455:
2509:
2485:Susskind, Jamie (2022). "Ch. 2".
1761:sometimes associate freedom with
1061:Liberal Network for Latin America
494:(contributions to liberal theory)
4439:Concepts in political philosophy
4211:The Open Society and Its Enemies
2144:"New Oxford American Dictionary"
2023:
2009:
1995:
1688:
1676:
70:
35:, a series of 1943 paintings by
3018:Family as a model for the state
2478:
2451:
2412:
2172:from the original on 2020-03-12
2087:atop the dome of the US Capitol
4368:Separation of church and state
4266:Collectivism and individualism
4221:The Origins of Totalitarianism
2383:
2337:
2322:
2293:
2249:
2220:
2135:
435:Separation of church and state
1:
4444:Concepts in social philosophy
4408:Category:Political philosophy
4281:Critique of political economy
2128:
4306:Institutional discrimination
4301:History of political thought
3033:Negative and positive rights
7:
4316:Justification for the state
4101:Two Treatises of Government
1988:
1907:freedom from discrimination
10:
4460:
2986:Bellum omnium contra omnes
2355:Cambridge University Press
2328:Mill, John Stuart. 1869.
2112:Freedom & Civilization
1799:
15:
4403:
4253:
4022:
3670:
3403:
3283:
3202:
3114:
3105:
2971:
2805:
2734:
2563:
2305:Oxford English Dictionary
2201:Oxford English Dictionary
1897:limiting forces (such as
1879:"Two concepts of liberty"
1859:, and freedom of speech.
1658:Sexually liberal feminism
1565:Bias in American academia
1036:European Democratic Party
492:List of liberal theorists
4191:The Revolt of the Masses
2041:– civil-rights activists
1830:In political discourse,
1795:
317:Labor theory of property
18:Freedom (disambiguation)
4171:The Communist Manifesto
3097:Tyranny of the majority
3008:Consent of the governed
2458:Pettit, Philip (2014).
2437:10.1111/1467-9248.00344
2206:Oxford University Press
2083:, an 1863 sculpture by
1963:Freedom from domination
1958:Freedom from domination
1026:Arab Liberal Federation
216:Consent of the governed
3048:
2998:Clash of civilizations
2984:
2405:Wendy Hui Kyong Chun,
2391:Four Essays on Liberty
2299:Wendy Hui Kyong Chun,
1955:
1938:
1853:freedom of association
1041:European Liberal Youth
1011:Africa Liberal Network
236:Economic globalization
48:
3013:Divine right of kings
2230:. Vol. 50. pp. 1–52.
2031:Libertarianism portal
1939:
1918:
1683:Liberalism portal
1555:Anti-authoritarianism
1056:Liberal International
41:Franklin D. Roosevelt
29:
4161:Democracy in America
3540:political philosophy
3523:political philosophy
3338:political philosophy
3167:political philosophy
3077:Separation of powers
3038:Night-watchman state
3023:Monopoly on violence
2557:Political philosophy
2357:. pp. 211–229.
2123:Phillippe Van Parijs
1810:Intellectual freedom
1790:freedom of the press
487:Age of Enlightenment
440:Separation of powers
16:For other uses, see
4351:Right-wing politics
4231:A Theory of Justice
4201:The Road to Serfdom
4121:The Social Contract
2828:Christian democracy
2286:, whereas the word
2204:(Online ed.).
1928:attributes freedom—
1863:Freedom and Liberty
1849:freedom of assembly
1786:freedom of religion
1765:, as distinct from
1695:Politics portal
398:Civil and political
371:Popular sovereignty
231:Economic liberalism
4363:Political violence
4358:Political theology
4341:Left-wing politics
4336:Political spectrum
2307:, the Old English
2050:Freedom of thought
1981:Phillip Petit and
1965:was considered by
1930:degrees of freedom
1814:Scientific freedom
366:Permissive society
346:Limited government
49:
4416:
4415:
4326:Philosophy of law
4271:Conflict theories
4111:The Spirit of Law
4018:
4017:
3067:Original position
2498:978-1-64313-901-2
2471:978-0-393-06397-4
2425:Political Studies
2274:Anna Wierzbicka,
2212:(Subscription or
2165:978-0-19-539288-3
2107:in Columbus, Ohio
2103:, 1985 statue by
2080:Statue of Freedom
2017:Liberalism portal
1975:John P. McCormick
1926:Newtonian physics
1903:freedom from want
1899:freedom from fear
1857:freedom of choice
1838:. In the area of
1832:political freedom
1822:Political freedom
1782:freedom of speech
1731:
1730:
1570:Bias in the media
1086:Regional variants
403:Natural and legal
4451:
4331:Political ethics
4321:Machiavellianism
4261:Authoritarianism
4246:
4236:
4226:
4216:
4206:
4196:
4186:
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4166:
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4146:
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4086:
4076:
4066:
4056:
4046:
4036:
3112:
3111:
3053:
2989:
2979:Balance of power
2953:Social democracy
2948:Social Darwinism
2923:Multiculturalism
2868:Environmentalism
2843:Communitarianism
2550:
2543:
2536:
2527:
2526:
2503:
2502:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2416:
2410:
2403:
2394:
2389:Berlin, Isaiah.
2387:
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2218:
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2209:
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2180:
2178:
2177:
2148:Oxford Reference
2139:
2067:Internet freedom
2033:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2003:Anarchism portal
2000:
1999:
1998:
1979:reserve control.
1891:positive liberty
1887:negative liberty
1885:elaborates that
1869:John Stuart Mill
1818:Economic freedom
1806:Artistic freedom
1802:Academic freedom
1723:
1716:
1709:
1693:
1692:
1681:
1680:
1599:Economic freedom
1592:Radical centrism
430:Secular humanism
356:Natural monopoly
307:Internationalism
124:Internationalist
74:
51:
50:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
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4429:Social concepts
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4399:
4388:Totalitarianism
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4064:
4061:Treatise on Law
4054:
4044:
4034:
4014:
3672:
3666:
3405:
3399:
3285:
3279:
3198:
3101:
3087:State of nature
3082:Social contract
3062:Ordered liberty
3050:Noblesse oblige
2967:
2801:
2730:
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2554:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2499:
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2365:
2345:Taylor, Charles
2342:
2338:
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2140:
2136:
2131:
2085:Thomas Crawford
2029:
2024:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1971:Quentin Skinner
1960:
1865:
1828:
1826:Civil liberties
1800:Main articles:
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1344:North Macedonia
1088:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1066:Liberal parties
1004:
996:
995:
786:
778:
777:
508:
498:
497:
482:
472:
471:
467:State of nature
455:Social services
445:Social contract
408:To own property
211:
203:
202:
82:
37:Norman Rockwell
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4457:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4378:Social justice
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4286:Egalitarianism
4283:
4278:
4276:Contractualism
4273:
4268:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4237:
4227:
4217:
4207:
4197:
4187:
4177:
4167:
4157:
4147:
4137:
4127:
4117:
4107:
4097:
4087:
4077:
4067:
4057:
4047:
4037:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3072:Overton window
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2903:Libertarianism
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2522:, 4 July 2002)
2511:
2510:External links
2508:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2477:
2470:
2450:
2431:(5): 851–876.
2411:
2395:
2382:
2364:978-0521317498
2363:
2336:
2321:
2292:
2264:
2248:
2244:978-0128002841
2219:
2182:
2164:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2108:
2096:
2088:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2062:Harm principle
2059:
2058:
2057:
2047:
2042:
2039:Freedom Riders
2035:
2034:
2020:
2006:
1990:
1987:
1983:Jamie Susskind
1967:Phillip Pettit
1959:
1956:
1883:Charles Taylor
1864:
1861:
1797:
1794:
1771:predestination
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1685:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1663:Utilitarianism
1660:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1636:Libertarianism
1633:
1631:Land value tax
1628:
1627:
1626:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1604:Egalitarianism
1601:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1560:Anti-communism
1557:
1551:
1549:Related topics
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1505:
1503:Arizona School
1495:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1471:United Kingdom
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
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1382:
1381:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
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1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
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1187:
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1177:
1172:
1167:
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1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
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1100:
1095:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
787:
784:
783:
780:
779:
776:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
598:Wollstonecraft
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
509:
504:
503:
500:
499:
496:
495:
489:
483:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
464:
463:
462:
457:
450:Social justice
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
416:
415:
410:
405:
400:
390:
389:
388:
383:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
351:Market economy
348:
343:
342:
341:
336:
326:
319:
314:
312:Invisible hand
309:
304:
302:Harm principle
299:
298:
297:
292:
287:
282:
281:
280:
275:
260:
255:
254:
253:
248:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
179:
178:
173:
168:
167:
166:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
115:
114:
104:
99:
94:
89:
83:
80:
79:
76:
75:
67:
66:
60:
59:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4456:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4311:Jurisprudence
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4143:
4142:
4141:Rights of Man
4138:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4053:
4052:
4051:De re publica
4048:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3671:20th and 21st
3669:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3404:18th and 19th
3402:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Nizam al-Mulk
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2943:Republicanism
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2500:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2481:
2473:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2409:(2008), p. 9.
2408:
2402:
2400:
2392:
2386:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2356:
2353:. Cambridge:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2333:
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2046:
2045:Freedom songs
2043:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2007:
2004:
1993:
1986:
1984:
1980:
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1968:
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1954:
1952:
1948:
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1936:—to objects."
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1876:
1875:Isaiah Berlin
1872:
1870:
1860:
1858:
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1845:
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1837:
1836:dictatorships
1833:
1827:
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1620:
1619:Individualism
1617:
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1498:United States
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1119:
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1111:
1109:
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1099:
1098:Latin America
1096:
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1081:
1072:
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1024:
1022:
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1008:
1003:Organizations
1000:
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984:
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510:
507:
502:
501:
493:
490:
488:
485:
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481:
476:
475:
468:
465:
461:
460:Welfare state
458:
456:
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451:
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443:
441:
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357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
330:
327:
325:
324:
323:Laissez-faire
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
279:
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100:
98:
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88:
85:
84:
78:
77:
73:
69:
68:
65:
62:
61:
57:
53:
52:
46:
45:Four Freedoms
42:
38:
34:
33:
32:Four Freedoms
28:
19:
4392:
4291:Elite theory
4239:
4229:
4219:
4209:
4199:
4189:
4179:
4169:
4159:
4149:
4139:
4129:
4119:
4109:
4099:
4089:
4079:
4069:
4059:
4049:
4039:
4029:
3328:Guicciardini
3284:Early modern
3107:Philosophers
3057:Open society
2993:Body politic
2863:Distributism
2853:Conservatism
2848:Confucianism
2767:Gerontocracy
2757:Dictatorship
2711:Sovereignty‎
2701:Ruling class
2595:
2591:Emancipation
2576:Citizenship‎
2519:
2487:
2480:
2460:
2453:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2406:
2390:
2385:
2373:. Retrieved
2349:
2339:
2329:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2283:
2275:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2227:
2222:
2199:
2174:. Retrieved
2147:
2137:
2119:Real Freedom
2110:
2105:Alfred Tibor
2099:
2092:Miss Freedom
2090:
2078:
2072:
2071:
1978:
1962:
1961:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1894:
1873:
1866:
1840:civil rights
1829:
1775:
1753:
1746:
1733:
1732:
1653:Pirate Party
1513:Jeffersonian
1421:South Africa
911:Lloyd George
506:Philosophers
413:To bear arms
361:Open society
321:
262:
92:Conservative
30:
4165:(1835–1840)
4045:(c. 350 BC)
4035:(c. 375 BC)
3652:Tocqueville
3617:Saint-Simon
3582:Montesquieu
3433:Bolingbroke
3365:Machiavelli
3245:Ibn Khaldun
3210:Alpharabius
3203:Middle Ages
3028:Natural law
3003:Common good
2928:Nationalism
2888:Imperialism
2858:Corporatism
2833:Colonialism
2813:Agrarianism
2792:Technocracy
2772:Meritocracy
2752:Bureaucracy
2742:Aristocracy
2520:In Our Time
2375:28 February
2055:Freethought
1934:free bodies
1767:determinism
1481:Gladstonian
1441:Switzerland
1426:South Korea
1369:Philippines
1329:New Zealand
1324:Netherlands
981:Verhofstadt
976:Balcerowicz
785:Politicians
713:Collingwood
653:Tocqueville
528:Montesquieu
420:Rule of law
221:Due process
4423:Categories
4373:Separatism
4181:On Liberty
4081:The Prince
3810:Huntington
3313:Campanella
3240:al-Ghazali
3189:Thucydides
3147:Lactantius
3092:Statolatry
2918:Monarchism
2898:Liberalism
2823:Capitalism
2806:Ideologies
2787:Plutocracy
2735:Government
2691:Revolution
2676:Propaganda
2626:Legitimacy
2601:Government
2331:On Liberty
2216:required.)
2176:2023-06-02
2129:References
1913:anything.
1776:In modern
1755:Philosophy
1609:Empiricism
1580:Democratic
1575:Capitalism
1486:Manchester
1319:Montenegro
1304:Luxembourg
1240:Venizelism
1170:Costa Rica
425:Secularism
258:Federalism
210:Principles
102:Democratic
64:Liberalism
4091:Leviathan
4071:Monarchia
4065:(c. 1274)
3900:Oakeshott
3845:Mansfield
3840:Luxemburg
3825:Kropotkin
3720:Bernstein
3673:centuries
3587:Nietzsche
3530:Jefferson
3458:Condorcet
3406:centuries
3385:Pufendorf
3250:Marsilius
3137:Confucius
3122:Aristotle
3115:Antiquity
3043:Noble lie
2963:Third Way
2958:Socialism
2883:Feudalism
2838:Communism
2818:Anarchism
2797:Theocracy
2782:Oligarchy
2762:Democracy
2747:Autocracy
2661:Pluralism
2646:Obedience
2611:Hierarchy
2571:Authority
2516:"Freedom"
2445:0032-3217
1763:free will
1624:Anarchist
1532:Venezuela
1508:Classical
1476:Cobdenism
1379:Cracovian
1334:Nicaragua
1299:Lithuania
1158:Hong Kong
1113:Australia
951:Roosevelt
921:StĂĄhlberg
916:Venizelos
871:Sarmiento
861:Gladstone
821:Lamartine
791:Jefferson
643:Martineau
593:De Gouges
578:Condorcet
563:Priestley
226:Democracy
198:Third Way
159:Christian
154:Religious
87:Classical
39:honoring
4346:Centrism
4041:Politics
4031:Republic
4000:Voegelin
3980:Spengler
3965:Shariati
3940:Rothbard
3895:Nussbaum
3795:Habermas
3770:Fukuyama
3760:Foucault
3685:Ambedkar
3662:Voltaire
3632:de Staël
3607:Rousseau
3488:Franklin
3463:Constant
3423:Beccaria
3255:Muhammad
3235:Gelasius
3220:Averroes
3194:Xenophon
3174:Polybius
3127:Chanakya
2972:Concepts
2938:Populism
2908:Localism
2893:Islamism
2878:Feminism
2777:Monarchy
2681:Property
2671:Progress
2636:Monopoly
2606:Hegemony
2369:Archived
2313:libertas
2170:Archived
1989:See also
1759:religion
1742:autonomy
1614:Humanism
1587:Centrism
1537:Zimbabwe
1491:Whiggism
1451:Thailand
1416:Slovenia
1411:Slovakia
1386:Portugal
1359:Paraguay
1282:Liberism
1247:Honduras
1165:Colombia
1138:Bulgaria
931:Rathenau
906:Milyukov
826:Macaulay
796:Kołłątaj
768:Kymlicka
748:Friedman
693:Cassirer
683:Hobhouse
618:Constant
613:Humboldt
573:Beccaria
538:Rousseau
533:Voltaire
376:Property
339:Positive
334:Negative
290:Religion
268:Economic
241:Equality
164:Catholic
134:National
129:Muscular
107:Feminist
97:Cultural
56:a series
54:Part of
4383:Statism
4296:Elitism
4254:Related
4055:(51 BC)
3985:Strauss
3960:Scruton
3955:Schmitt
3945:Russell
3865:Michels
3860:Maurras
3855:Marcuse
3815:Kautsky
3785:Gramsci
3780:Gentile
3750:Dworkin
3740:Du Bois
3735:Dmowski
3730:Chomsky
3725:Burnham
3710:Benoist
3680:Agamben
3647:Thoreau
3637:Stirner
3627:Spencer
3572:Mazzini
3562:Maistre
3557:Madison
3552:Le Play
3483:Fourier
3448:Carlyle
3428:Bentham
3418:Bastiat
3413:Bakunin
3390:Spinoza
3380:MĂĽntzer
3350:Leibniz
3323:Grotius
3303:Bossuet
3270:Plethon
3215:Aquinas
3184:Sun Tzu
3152:Mencius
3142:Han Fei
2913:Marxism
2873:Fascism
2706:Society
2631:Liberty
2616:Justice
2596:Freedom
2393:. 1969.
2288:liberty
2284:freedom
2280:liberty
2100:Freedom
1943:unfree,
1844:slavery
1778:liberal
1749:English
1738:liberty
1734:Freedom
1527:Uruguay
1466:Ukraine
1456:Tunisia
1401:Senegal
1391:Romania
1339:Nigeria
1314:Moldova
1257:Iceland
1252:Hungary
1230:Germany
1225:Georgia
1215:Finland
1210:Estonia
1200:Ecuador
1195:Denmark
1190:Czechia
1175:Croatia
1128:Bolivia
1123:Belgium
1118:Austria
1108:Armenia
1103:Albania
971:Jenkins
966:Kennedy
956:Pearson
941:Einaudi
926:Gokhale
886:Itagaki
881:Naoroji
876:Mommsen
856:Lincoln
846:Mazzini
831:Kossuth
816:Broglie
811:BolĂvar
806:Artigas
801:Madison
663:Spencer
648:Emerson
638:Bastiat
623:Ricardo
583:Bentham
523:Spinoza
480:History
381:Private
329:Liberty
263:Freedom
183:Secular
171:Islamic
149:Radical
81:Schools
4434:Rights
4245:(1992)
4235:(1971)
4225:(1951)
4215:(1945)
4205:(1944)
4195:(1929)
4185:(1859)
4175:(1848)
4155:(1820)
4145:(1791)
4135:(1790)
4125:(1762)
4115:(1748)
4105:(1689)
4095:(1651)
4085:(1532)
4075:(1313)
4005:Walzer
3995:Taylor
3950:Sartre
3915:Popper
3910:Pareto
3905:Ortega
3890:Nozick
3880:Mouffe
3830:Laclau
3790:Guénon
3775:Gandhi
3715:Berlin
3705:Bauman
3700:Badiou
3690:Arendt
3657:Tucker
3547:Le Bon
3508:Herder
3498:Haller
3493:Godwin
3478:Fichte
3473:Engels
3468:Cortés
3438:Bonald
3395:Suárez
3370:Milton
3360:Luther
3333:Hobbes
3318:Filmer
3308:Calvin
3293:Boétie
3286:period
3265:Ockham
3132:Cicero
2933:Nazism
2721:Utopia
2696:Rights
2686:Regime
2656:People
2641:Nation
2495:
2468:
2443:
2361:
2317:liberi
2242:
2195:"free"
2162:
1905:, and
1824:, and
1788:, and
1520:Modern
1461:Turkey
1446:Taiwan
1436:Sweden
1406:Serbia
1396:Russia
1374:Poland
1354:Panama
1349:Norway
1309:Mexico
1294:Latvia
1272:Israel
1235:Greece
1220:France
1185:Cyprus
1143:Canada
1133:Brazil
1093:Europe
991:Macron
936:Madero
901:Deakin
891:Levski
866:Cavour
851:Juárez
841:Cobden
773:Badawi
763:Nozick
743:Berlin
733:Popper
708:Keynes
703:Ortega
668:Arnold
628:Guizot
588:Korais
553:Turgot
513:Milton
393:Rights
386:Public
295:Speech
273:Market
246:Gender
193:Techno
188:Social
176:Jewish
112:Equity
4394:Index
4023:Works
4010:Weber
3975:Spann
3970:Sorel
3935:Röpke
3930:Rawls
3885:Negri
3875:Mosca
3870:Mises
3835:Lenin
3805:Hoppe
3800:Hayek
3765:Fromm
3755:Evola
3745:Dugin
3642:Taine
3622:Smith
3602:Renan
3597:Paine
3518:Iqbal
3503:Hegel
3453:Comte
3443:Burke
3355:Locke
3345:James
3298:Bodin
3230:Dante
3225:Bruni
3179:Shang
3162:Plato
2716:State
2666:Power
2651:Peace
2586:Elite
2564:Terms
2210:
2073:Works
1796:Types
1646:Right
1431:Spain
1289:Japan
1277:Italy
1262:India
1205:Egypt
1153:China
1148:Chile
986:Obama
961:Ohlin
896:Kemal
753:Rawls
728:Hayek
718:ÄŚapek
698:Mises
688:Croce
678:Weber
673:Acton
603:Staël
568:Paine
558:Burke
543:Smith
518:Locke
285:Press
278:Trade
251:Legal
119:Green
3925:Rand
3920:Qutb
3820:Kirk
3695:Aron
3612:Sade
3592:Owen
3577:Mill
3567:Marx
3535:Kant
3513:Hume
3375:More
3275:Wang
3157:Mozi
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2493:ISBN
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658:Mill
633:List
548:Kant
144:Ordo
3990:Sun
3850:Mao
2726:War
2621:Law
2433:doi
2256:See
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