Particulates - Knowledge

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enclose the scaffolding of the building with dust screens, use impervious sheeting to enclose both material hoist and debris chute, wet debris with water before it is dumped into a debris chute, have water sprayed on the facade surface before and during grinding work, use grinder equipped with vacuum cleaner for facade grinding work, spray water continuously on the surface for any pneumatic or power-driven drilling, cutting, polishing or other mechanical breaking operation that causes dust emission, unless there is the operation of an effective dust extraction and filtering device, provide hoarding of not less than 2.4 m in height along the whole length of the site boundary, have hard paving on open area and wash every vehicle that leaves the construction sites. Use of automatic sprinkler equipment, automatic carwash equipment and installation of video surveillance system for the pollution control facilities and retain the videos for one month for future inspections.

1784: 3066: 4201: 2435:, and is one of the most important absorbing aerosol species in the atmosphere. It should be distinguished from organic carbon (OC): clustered or aggregated organic molecules on their own or permeating an EC buckyball. Black carbon from fossil fuels is estimated by the IPCC in the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, 4AR, to contribute a global mean radiative forcing of +0.2 W/m (was +0.1 W/m in the Second Assessment Report of the IPCC, SAR), with a range +0.1 to +0.4 W/m. A study published in 2013 however, states that "the best estimate for the industrial-era (1750 to 2005) direct radiative forcing of atmospheric black carbon is +0.71 W/m with 90% uncertainty bounds of (+0.08, +1.27) W/m" with "total direct forcing by all-black carbon sources, without subtracting the preindustrial background, is estimated as +0.88 (+0.17, +1.48) W/m". 3058: 2031: 2844: 1858: 2116: 2115: 2117: 13970:"Taking into account the OR and the prevalences of exposure, the highest PAF was estimated for traffic exposure (7.4%)... ":"... dds ratios and frequencies of each trigger were used to compute population-attributable fractions (PAFs), which estimate the proportion of cases that could be avoided if a risk factor were removed. PAFs depend not only on the risk factor strength at the individual level but also on its frequency in the community. ... he exposure prevalence for triggers in the relevant control time window ranged from 0.04% for cocaine use to 100% for air pollution. ... Taking into account the OR and the prevalences of exposure, the highest PAF was estimated for traffic exposure (7.4%) ... 1787: 1786: 1788: 2114: 2820: 1785: 5710:

recycling collectors, satisfaction of garbage disposal, electric vehicle market share and pollution. On their top ten cleanest cities list, seven are from California, including Long Beach (No. 1), San Diego (No. 2), Sacramento (No. 3), San Jose (No. 6), Oakland (No. 7), Bakersfield (No. 9), and San Francisco (No. 10). The discrepancies maybe due to the differences in data choice, calculation methods, definitions of "cleanliness" and a large variation of air quality across the same state, etc. This again shows that one need to be very careful when drawing conclusions from the many air quality rankings available on the internet.

2832: 44: 2966:. Besides slag cement that is sold and used as an environmental friendly product, fake (adulterated) cement, where different types of slag, fly ash or other unknown substances are added, is also very common in some places due to the much lower production cost. To address to the quality and toxicity problems, some places are starting to ban the use of EAF slag in cement used in buildings. Composition of welding fumes varies a lot as well and it depends on the metals in the material being welded, the composition of the coatings, electrode, etc., and hence a lot of health problems (e.g., 5354: 5328: 5302: 5276: 5250: 5224: 5671: 5687: 3449: 5198: 4704: 2856: 87: 2204:. This inhibits the convective uplift of moisture, which in turn reduces cloud formation. The heating of the atmosphere aloft also leads to a cooling of the surface, resulting in less evaporation of surface water. The effects described here all lead to a reduction in cloud cover i.e. an increase in planetary albedo. The semi-direct effect classified as a climate feedback) by the IPCC due to the interdependence between it and the hydrological cycle. However, it has previously been classified as a negative radiative forcing. 3410:' for its high concentration of cancer related deaths due to neighboring chemical plants. Cancer Alley being a majority African American community, with the neighborhood nearest to the plant being 90% Black, perpetuates the scientific narrative that Black populations are located disproportionately closer to areas of high PM output than White populations. A 2020 article relates the long-term health effects of living in high PM concentrations to increased risk, spread, and mortality rates from the SARS-CoV-2 or 4114: 3027: 2066: 18810: 1026: 2365: 2450: 1492: 5500: 3553: 2879: 1221: 5380: 4652: 4164:. DTSC is exercising its authority under the California Health and Safety Code, Chapter 699, sections 57018–57020. These sections were added as a result of the adoption of Assembly Bill AB 289 (2006). They are intended to make information on the fate and transport, detection and analysis, and other information on chemicals more available. The law places the responsibility to provide this information to the department on those who manufacture or import the chemicals. 2532: 19623: 18772: 4756: 1862: 1242: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1865: 5592:'s Shandong Province (22%), North Korea (9%), Beijing (7%), [[Shanghai (5%), and a combined 5% from China's Liaoning Province, Japan and the West Sea. In December 2017, the environmental ministers from South Korea and China signed the China-Korea Environmental Cooperation Plan (2018–22), a five-year plan to jointly solve issues in the air, water, soil and waste. An environmental cooperation centre was also launched in 2018 to aid cooperation. 4938: 4678: 2191:

indirect effect or Albrecht effect. This has been observed as the suppression of drizzle in ship exhaust plume compared to ambient clouds, and inhibited precipitation in biomass burning plumes. This cloud lifetime effect is classified as a climate feedback (rather than a radiative forcing) by the IPCC due to the interdependence between it and the hydrological cycle. However, it has previously been classified as a negative radiative forcing.

4886: 3516:. "The response from fossil-fuel interests has been from the same playbook – first they know, then they scheme, then they deny and then they delay. They've fallen back on delay, subtle forms of propaganda and the undermining of regulation," said Geoffrey Supran, a Harvard University researcher of the history of fossil-fuel companies and climate change. These efforts have been compared, by policy analysts such as Carroll Muffett of the 5016: 5120: 4834: 18820: 5172: 1038: 1863: 5531: 5146: 4730: 18801: 18793: 5407: 5094: 5068: 5042: 4990: 4964: 4912: 4860: 4808: 4782: 2113: 19612: 18785: 3402:

proximity to particulate emitting facilities increases exposure to PM 2.5 which is linked to increased morbidity and mortality rates. Multiple studies confirm the burden of PM emissions is higher among non-White and poverty ridden populations, though some say that income does not drive these differences. This correlation between race and housing related health repercussions stems from a longstanding

1789: 2912: 3376:(WHO) estimated in 2005 that "... fine particulate air pollution (PM(2.5)), causes about 3% of mortality from cardiopulmonary disease, about 5% of mortality from cancer of the trachea, bronchus, and lung, and about 1% of mortality from acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years, worldwide." A 2011 study concluded that traffic exhaust is the single most serious preventable cause of 1981: 8353: 4064:

less. Manufactured solid fuels must also be certified as 'Ready to Burn' to ensure they meet sulphur and smoke emission limits. Starting from January 2022, all new wood burning stoves have to meet new EcoDesign standards (Ecodesign stoves produce 450 times more toxic air pollution than gas central heating. Older stoves, which are now banned from sale, produce 3,700 times more).

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direct and indirect aerosol effects. For instance, if absorbing aerosols are present in a layer aloft in the atmosphere, they can heat surrounding air which inhibits the condensation of water vapour, resulting in less cloud formation. Additionally, heating a layer of the atmosphere relative to the surface results in a more stable atmosphere due to the inhibition of atmospheric

2143:) of radiation by a particle. The SSA tends to unity if scattering dominates, with relatively little absorption, and decreases as absorption increases, becoming zero for infinite absorption. For example, the sea-salt aerosol has an SSA of 1, as a sea-salt particle only scatters, whereas soot has an SSA of 0.23, showing that it is a major atmospheric aerosol absorber. 4168:

directed to manufacturers of carbon nanotubes, both industry, and academia within the State, and to manufacturers outside California who export carbon nanotubes to California. This request for information must be met by the manufacturers within one year. DTSC is waiting for the upcoming 22 January 2010 deadline for responses to the data call-in.

2078: 1699: 3202:. PM exposure can cause inflammation, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and impaired oxygen transport access to the placenta, all of which are mechanisms for heightening the risk of low birth weight. Overall epidemiologic and toxicological evidence suggests that a causal relationship exists between long-term exposures to PM 3142:". The association between a large number of deaths and other health problems and particulate pollution was first demonstrated in the early 1970s and has been reproduced many times since. PM pollution is estimated to cause 22,000–52,000 deaths per year in the United States (from 2000) contributed to ~370,000 premature deaths in 4184: 1494: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1224: 1228: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1498: 4149: 1229: 2624:) may pass through the lungs to affect other organs. Penetration of particles is not wholly dependent on their size; shape and chemical composition also play a part. To avoid this complication, simple nomenclature is used to indicate the different degrees of relative penetration of a PM particle into the 1728:

sea salt from dried sea spray. Because the land is concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere, the amount of small aerosols from fires and human activities is greater there than in the Southern Hemisphere. Overland, patches of large-radius aerosols appear over deserts and arid regions, most prominently, the

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was observed versus particulate matter from ambient air. Furthermore, particulate matter from wildfires have been linked to be a triggering factor of acute coronary events such as ischemic heart disease. Wildfires also have been associated with increased emergency department visits due to particulate

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The Mongolian government agency recorded a 45% increase in the rate of respiratory illness in the past five years (reported in 2011). Bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and interstitial pneumonia were the most common ailments treated by area hospitals. Levels of premature death,

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The direct aerosol effect consists of any direct interaction of radiation with atmospheric aerosols, such as absorption or scattering. It affects both short and longwave radiation to produce a net negative radiative forcing. The magnitude of the resultant radiative forcing due to the direct effect of

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emitted and rising up from a building under rehabilitation on a Saturday afternoon, Treasure Garden, Tai Po, Hong Kong. The rehabilitation scheme is subsidised by the government and contract like this can worth up to a hundred million. People are living inside the building throughout the whole period

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Human-produced aerosols such as particle pollution tend to have a smaller radius than aerosol particles of natural origin (such as windblown dust). The false-color maps in the map of distribution of aerosol particles on the right show where there are natural aerosols, human pollution, or a mixture of

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and their respective inequalities in "toxic exposures". This reality is made worse by the finding that "health care occurs in the context of broader historic and contemporary social and economic inequality and persistent racial and ethnic discrimination in many sectors of American life". Residential

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fibres which can lodge in the lungs. Geometrically angular shapes have more surface area than rounder shapes, which in turn affects the binding capacity of the particle to other, possibly more dangerous substances. The table below lists the colours and shapes of some common atmospheric particulates:

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An increase in cloud droplet number due to the introduction of aerosol acts to reduce the cloud droplet size, as the same amount of water is divided into more droplets. This has the effect of suppressing precipitation, increasing the cloud lifetime, known as the cloud lifetime aerosol effect, second

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Wet scrubbers pass the dirty air through a scrubbing solution (usually a mixture of water and other compounds) allowing the particulate to attach to the liquid molecules. Electrostatic precipitators electrically charge the dirty air as it passes through. The now charged air then passes through large

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dust is also worth worrying. This type of rehabilitation works are very common (over 3000 buildings in the first 6 years of the scheme), especially in some older districts. With such a large amount of dust emitted, it was obvious that neither water was being sprayed nor dust extraction device was in

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In general, the smaller and lighter a particle is, the longer it will stay in the air. Larger particles (greater than 10 micrometers in diameter) tend to settle to the ground by gravity in a matter of hours. The smallest particles (less than 1 micrometer) can stay in the atmosphere for weeks and are

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and dust from certain man-made fibres, which are brittle and break easily (can “proliferate”), can pose greater threats and irritations to humans. Those with sharp edges may be even more problematic. The number, shapes, stickiness, etc. of particulates may also be altered by different meteorological

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The other 60% of the population reside in shantytowns (Ger districts), which have developed due to the country's new market economy and the very cold winter seasons. The poor in these districts cook and heat their wood houses with indoor stoves fueled by wood or coal. The resulting air pollution is

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Key points in the Colorado Plan include reducing emission levels and solutions by sector. Agriculture, transportation, green electricity, and renewable energy research are the main concepts and goals in this plan. Political programs such as mandatory vehicle emissions testing and the prohibition of

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and developmental outcomes (i.e. low birth weight). Studies investigating the significance of trimester-specific exposure have proven to be inconclusive, and results of international studies have been inconsistent in drawing associations of prenatal particulate matter exposure and low birth weight.

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In a nutshell, while background concentration is important, only "improvement in air quality" or "decrease in ambient concentration of PM" do not necessarily mean better health. The health impact mainly depends on the toxicity (or source) of the particulate matter a person is exposed to, the amount

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In analogy, the inhalable dust fraction is the fraction of dust entering the nose and mouth which may be deposited anywhere in the respiratory tract. The thoracic fraction is the fraction that enters the thorax and is deposited within the lung's airways. The respirable fraction is what is deposited

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Some of the mandatory dust control measures include load, unload, handle, transfer, store or dispose of cement or dry pulverized fuel ash in a completely enclosed system or facility, and fit any vent or exhaust with an effective fabric filter or equivalent air pollution control system or equipment,

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For general building construction, some places that have acknowledged the possible health risks of construction dust for decades legally require the relevant contractor to adopt effective dust control measures, although inspections, fines and imprisonments are rare in recent years (for example, two

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in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, where dust storms are common. Places where human-triggered or natural fire activity is common (land-clearing fires in the Amazon from August–October, for example, or lightning-triggered fires in the forests of northern Canada in Northern Hemisphere summer)

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Seneviratne, S.I.; Zhang, X.; Adnan, M.; Badi, W.; Dereczynski, C.; Di Luca, A.; Ghosh, S.; Iskandar, I.; Kossin, J.; Lewis, S.; Otto, F.; Pinto, I.; Satoh, M.; Vicente-Serrano, S. M.; Wehner, M.; Zhou, B. (2021). Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Piran, A.; Connors, S.L.; Péan, C.; Berger, S.; Caud,

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Roy, Rajarshi; Schooff, Brian; Li, Xiaolong; Montgomery, Scott; Tuttle, Jacob; Wendt, Jost O. L.; Dickson, Kingsley; Iverson, Brian; Fry, Andrew (1 May 2023). "Ash aerosol particle size distribution, composition, and deposition behavior while co-firing coal and steam-exploded biomass in a 1.5 MWth

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On 22 January 2009, a formal information request letter was sent to manufacturers who produce or import carbon nanotubes in California, or who may export carbon nanotubes into the State. This letter constitutes the first formal implementation of the authorities placed into statute by AB 289 and is

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To mitigate the problem of wood burning, starting from May 2021, traditional house coal (bituminous coal) and wet wood, two of the most polluting fuels, can no longer be sold. Wood sold in volumes of less than 2m must be certified as 'Ready to Burn', which means it has a moisture content of 20% or

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The Semi-direct effect concerns any radiative effect caused by absorbing atmospheric aerosol such as soot, apart from direct scattering and absorption, which is classified as the direct effect. It encompasses many individual mechanisms, and in general is more poorly defined and understood than the

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or baghouses are the most commonly employed in general industry. They work by forcing dust-laden air through a bag-shaped fabric filter leaving the particulate to collect on the outer surface of the bag and allowing the now clean air to pass through to either be exhausted into the atmosphere or in

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The size distribution time series shows that in the planet's most southerly latitudes, nearly all the aerosols are large, but in the high northern latitudes, smaller aerosols are very abundant. Most of the Southern Hemisphere is covered by the ocean, where the largest source of aerosols is natural

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are persistent the risk of particulate exposure increased. Smoke from wildfires may impact sensitive groups such as the elderly, children, pregnant women, and people with lung, and cardiovascular disease. It was found that in the 2008 wildfire season in California, the particulate matter was much

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Particulate mass is not a proper measure of the health hazard. A particle of 10 μm diameter has approximately the same mass as 1 million particles of 100 nm diameter, but is much less hazardous, as it is unlikely to enter the alveoli. Legislative limits for engine emissions based on mass are

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exposure and cognitive decline are not fully understood, research suggests that the fine particles may be able to enter the brain through the olfactory nerve and cause inflammation and oxidative stress, which can damage brain cells and contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.

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problems. A 2014 meta analysis reported that long term exposure to particulate matter is linked to coronary events. The study included 11 cohorts participating in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) with 100,166 participants, followed for an average of 11.5 years. An

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Since construction and refurbishment projects are prominent sources of particulate matter, it implicates that such projects, which are very common in some places, should be avoided in health facilities that already commenced and under operation as far as possible. For inevitable projects, better

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and cause health problems. The 10-micrometer size does not represent a strict boundary between respirable and non-respirable particles but has been agreed upon for monitoring of airborne PM by most regulatory agencies. Because of their small size, particles on the order of 10 micrometers or less

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which caused a global cooling of approximately 0.5 °C lasting several years. Research tracking the effect of light-scattering aerosols in the stratosphere during 2000 and 2010 and comparing its pattern to volcanic activity show a close correlation. Simulations of the effect of anthropogenic

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However, another study has come up with a very different conclusion. According to Forbes, a travel insurance comparison site InsureMyTrip conducted a survey of 50 U.S. cities in 2020 and ranked them by cleanliness with criteria like hand sanitizer demand, cleanliness of restaurants, quantity of

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has an annual average mean temperature of about 0 °C, making it the world's coldest capital city. About 40% of the population lives in apartments, 80% of which are supplied with central heating systems from three combined heat and power plants. In 2007, the power plants consumed almost 3.4

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The site and extent of absorption of inhaled gases and vapors are determined by their solubility in water. Absorption is also dependent upon air flow rates and the partial pressure of the gases in the inspired air. The fate of a specific contaminant is dependent upon the form in which it exists

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of the underlying surface, as this affects the net amount of radiation absorbed or scattered to space. For example, if a highly scattering aerosol is above a surface of low albedo it has a greater radiative forcing than if it was above a surface of high albedo. The converse is true of absorbing

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and outgoing terrestrial longwave radiation retained in the Earth's system. This occurs through several distinct mechanisms which are split into direct, indirect and semi-direct aerosol effects. The aerosol climate effects are the biggest source of uncertainty in future climate predictions. The

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Particulate matter studies in Bangkok, Thailand from 2008 indicated a 1.9% increased risk of dying from cardiovascular disease, and 1.0% risk of all disease for every 10 micrograms per cubic meter. Levels averaged 65 in 1996, 68 in 2002, and 52 in 2004. Decreasing levels may be attributed to

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Cyclonic separators are useful for removing large, coarse particles and are often employed as a first step or "pre-cleaner" to other more efficient collectors. Well-designed cyclonic separators can be very efficient in removing even fine particulates, and may be operated continuously without

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smoking indoors are actions taken by local government to create public awareness and participation in cleaner air. The location of Denver next to the Rocky Mountains and wide expanse of plains makes the metro area of Colorado's capital city a likely place for smog and visible air pollution.

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A study in 2000 conducted in the U.S. explored how fine particulate matter may be more harmful than coarse particulate matter. The study was based on six different cities. They found that deaths and hospital visits that were caused by particulate matter in the air were primarily due to fine

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The largest US study on acute health effects of coarse particle pollution between 2.5 and 10 micrometers in diameter was published 2008 and found an association with hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases but no evidence of an association with the number of hospital admissions for

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False-color maps are based on data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite. Green: aerosol plumes dominated by larger particles. Red: aerosol plumes dominated by small particles. Yellow: plumes in which large and small aerosol particles are

1496: 1766:. There are evidence that aerosols can "travel across the ocean". For example, in September 2017 wildfires burning across the western United States and Canada, and the smoke was found to have arrived over the United Kingdom and northern France in three days, as shown by satellite images. 1226: 11440: 1672:. Some secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) resulting from combustion products of internal combustion engines, have been identified as a danger to health. Particulate toxicity has been found to vary by region and source contribution which affects the particles chemical composition. 10138:

Gillett, Nathan P.; Kirchmeier-Young, Megan; Ribes, Aurélien; Shiogama, Hideo; Hegerl, Gabriele C.; Knutti, Reto; Gastineau, Guillaume; John, Jasmin G.; Li, Lijuan; Nazarenko, Larissa; Rosenbloom, Nan; Seland, Øyvind; Wu, Tongwen; Yukimoto, Seiji; Ziehn, Tilo (18 January 2021).

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Schraufnagel, Dean E.; Balmes, John R.; Cowl, Clayton T.; De Matteis, Sara; Jung, Soon-Hee; Mortimer, Kevin; Perez-Padilla, Rogelio; Rice, Mary B.; Riojas-Rodriguez, Horacio; Sood, Akshay; Thurston, George D.; To, Teresa; Vanker, Anessa; Wuebbles, Donald J. (February 2019).

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Some cities in Northern China and South Asia have had concentrations above 200 μg/m. The PM levels in Chinese cities were extreme between 2010 - 2014, reaching an all-time high in Beijing on 12 January 2013, of 993 μg/m, but has been improving thanks to clean air actions.

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There are a few ways to reduce wood smoke, e.g., buying the right wood heater and maintaining it well, choosing the right firewood and burning it the right way. There are also regulations in some countries where people can report smoke pollution to the local council.

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The California Nano Industry Network and DTSC hosted a full-day symposium on 16 November 2009 in Sacramento, California. This symposium provided an opportunity to hear from nanotechnology industry experts and discuss future regulatory considerations in California.

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In 2023, the amount of smoke that burners in "smoke control areas" - most England's towns and cities - can emit per hour is reduced from 5g to 3g. Violation will result in an on-the-spot fine of up to £300. Those who do not comply may even get a criminal record.

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Tsai, Tsung-Lin; Lin, Yu-Ting; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Nakayama, Shoji F.; Tsai, Chon-Haw; Sun, Xian-Liang; Ma, Chaochen; Jung, Chau-Ren (October 2019). "Fine particulate matter is a potential determinant of Alzheimer's disease: A systemic review and meta-analysis".

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Liu, Qisijing; Wang, Wanzhou; Gu, Xuelin; Deng, Furong; Wang, Xueqin; Lin, Hualiang; Guo, Xinbiao; Wu, Shaowei (February 2021). "Association between particulate matter air pollution and risk of depression and suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

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Riva, Matthieu; Chen, Yuzhi; Zhang, Yue; Lei, Ziying; Olson, Nicole E.; Boyer, Hallie C.; Narayan, Shweta; Yee, Lindsay D.; Green, Hilary S.; Cui, Tianqu; Zhang, Zhenfa; Baumann, Karsten; Fort, Mike; Edgerton, Eric; Budisulistiorini, Sri H. (6 August 2019).

2082: 1703: 3101:, developmental disorders, neurodegenerative disorders mental disorders, and premature death. Outdoor fine particulates with diameter less than 2.5 microns accounts for 4.2 million annual deaths worldwide, and more than 103 million disability-adjusted 3396:

to particulate matter, and thus susceptibility to adverse health effects of long term exposure. A U.S. study showed that "the proportions of Black residents in a tract was linked to higher asthma rates". Many scholars link this disproportionality to

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campaigns to sow doubt regarding the causative link between the burning of fossil fuels and major risks to human life. Internal company memoranda reveal that energy industry scientists and executives knew that air pollutants created by fossil fuels

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may be determined to a reasonably high degree of accuracy... the uncertainties relating to aerosol radiative forcings remain large, and rely to a large extent on the estimates from global modeling studies that are difficult to verify at the present

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Flores-Pajot, Marie-Claire; Ofner, Marianna; Do, Minh T.; Lavigne, Eric; Villeneuve, Paul J. (November 2016). "Childhood autism spectrum disorders and exposure to nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter air pollution: A review and meta-analysis".

2420:, where only a fraction of the current sulfur pollution would be needed to avoid multiple degrees of warming, but the assessment of costs and benefits remains incomplete, even with hundreds of studies into the subject completed by the early 2020s. 2079: 1700: 5608:, a popular tourist destination, is also deteriorating. Chiang Mai was listed as the most polluted city in a live ranking by a Swiss air quality company on 27 March 2023. The ranking includes data from about 100 world cities for which measured PM 11042:

The pollutants, abundant in urban areas, are less than 0.18 micrometers in size and cause four times more artery buildup than particles four times larger, said Jesus Araujo, director of environmental cardiology at University of California, Los

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Composition of particles can vary greatly depending on their sources and how they are produced. For example, dust emitted from the burning of living and dead vegetation would be different from those emitted from the burning of joss paper or

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Particulate matter can clog stomatal openings of plants and interfere with photosynthesis functions. In this manner, high particulate matter concentrations in the atmosphere can lead to growth stunting or mortality in some plant species.

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contributed to 4.1 million deaths from heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, chronic lung disease, and respiratory infections in 2016. Overall, ambient particulate matter is one of the leading risk factor for premature death globally.

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particulate matter. Similarly, a 1987 study of American air pollution data found that fine particles and sulfates, as opposed to coarser particles, most consistently and significantly correlated to total annual mortality rates in

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Neely III RR, Toon OB, Solomon S, Vernier JP, Alvarez C, English JM, Rosenlof KH, Mills MJ, Bardeen CG, Daniel JS, Thayer JP (2013). "Recent anthropogenic increases in SO2 from Asia have minimal impact on stratospheric aerosol".

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Kholodov A, Zakharenko A, Drozd V, Chernyshev V, Kirichenko K, Seryodkin I, Karabtsov A, Olesik S, Khvost E, Vakhnyuk I, Chaika V, Stratidakis A, Vinceti M, Sarigiannis D, Hayes AW, Tsatsakis A, Golokhvast K (February 2020).

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For any given meteorological conditions, an increase in CCN leads to an increase in the number of cloud droplets. This leads to more scattering of shortwave radiation i.e. an increase in the albedo of the cloud, known as the

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aerosol, with the greatest radiative forcing arising from a highly absorbing aerosol over a surface of high albedo. The direct aerosol effect is a first-order effect and is therefore classified as a radiative forcing by the

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are dominated by smaller aerosols. Human-produced (fossil fuel) pollution is largely responsible for the areas of small aerosols over developed areas such as the eastern United States and Europe, especially in their summer.

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in children of oil industry workers. The industry memos acknowledge that automobiles "are by far the greatest sources of air pollution" and also that air pollution causes adverse health effects and lodges toxins, including

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Shen H, Tsai CM, Yuan CS, Jen YH, Ie IR (January 2017). "How incense and joss paper burning during the worship activities influences ambient mercury concentrations in indoor and outdoor environments of an Asian temple?".

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concentration as well as top soil lead content, indicating that air and soil (e.g., by the inhalation of resuspended soil particles, consuming of contaminated crops or water, etc.) are important sources of lead exposure.

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Volcanoes are a large natural source of aerosol and have been linked to changes in the Earth's climate often with consequences for the human population. Eruptions linked to changes in climate include the 1600 eruption of

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increase in estimated annual exposure to PM 2.5 of just 5 μg/m was linked with a 13% increased risk of heart attacks. Not only affecting human cells and tissues, PM also impacts bacteria which cause disease in humans.

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Stanhill, G.; S. Cohen (2001). "Global dimming: a review of the evidence for a widespread and significant reduction in global radiation with discussion of its probable causes and possible agricultural consequences".

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Patel, Sameer; Sankhyan, Sumit; Boedicker, Erin K.; DeCarlo, Peter F.; Farmer, Delphine K.; Goldstein, Allen H.; Katz, Erin F.; Nazaroff, William W; Tian, Yilin; Vanhanen, Joonas; Vance, Marina E. (16 June 2020).

4420:). Salt Lake City suffers from a weather event known as 'inversion'. Located in a valley, cooler, polluted air is trapped close to ground level under the warmer air above when inversion occurs. On the other hand, 12821:"A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010" 3592:

Most governments have created regulations both for the emissions allowed from certain types of pollution sources (motor vehicles, industrial emissions etc.) and for the ambient concentration of particulates. The

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Maher, Barbara A.; Ahmed, Imad A. M.; Karloukovski, Vassil; MacLaren, Donald A.; Foulds, Penelope G.; Allsop, David; Mann, David M. A.; Torres-Jardón, Ricardo; Calderon-Garciduenas, Lilian (27 September 2016).

14539:"Oil Firms Knew Decades Ago Fossil Fuels Posed Grave Health Risks, Riles Reveal; Exclusive: Documents Seen by Guardian Show Companies Fought Clean-Air Rules Despite Being Aware of Harm Caused by Air Pollution" 2843: 1879:

work, which usually lasts for over a year, and it can be foretold that the residents' exposure to construction dust is even more serious than the occupational exposure of the workers. The possible presence of

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Lam, Juleen; Sutton, Patrice; Kalkbrenner, Amy; Windham, Gayle; Halladay, Alycia; Koustas, Erica; Lawler, Cindy; Davidson, Lisette; Daniels, Natalyn; Newschaffer, Craig; Woodruff, Tracey (21 September 2016).

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During the winter months, in particular, the air pollution obscures the air, affecting the visibility in the city to such an extent that airplanes on some occasions are prevented from landing at the airport.

5547: 5701:

From the "State of Air 2022" report compiled by the American Lung Association using data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency from 2018 to 2020, California cities are the most polluted cities (by

10567:

Trisos, Christopher H.; Geden, Oliver; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Sugiyama, Masahiro; van Aalst, Maarten; Bala, Govindasamy; Mach, Katharine J.; Ginzburg, Veronika; de Coninck, Heleen; Patt, Anthony (2021).

5452:

in New South Wales significantly increased during 2004 to 2014. Although the increase did not significantly add to non-attainment statistics the rate of increase has risen each year during 2010 to 2014.

5427:

There are limits to the above survey. For example, not every city in the world is covered, and that the number of monitoring stations for each city would not be the same. The data is for reference only.

4318:. The city is a significant center for the Saudi oil industry and home to both the largest airport in the world and the largest port in the Persian Gulf. It is currently the most polluted city surveyed. 1736:

Satellite measurements of aerosols, called aerosol optical thickness, are based on the fact that the particles change the way the atmosphere reflects and absorbs visible and infrared light. As shown in

16234: 3167:

concluded that eliminating energy-related fossil fuel emissions in the United States would prevent 46,900–59,400 premature deaths each year and provide $ 537–$ 678 billion in benefits from avoided PM

2337:, and were at least 10 times more numerous than the natural aerosols in the most polluted regions of Europe and North America, where they accounted for 25% or more of all air pollution. This led to 3321:

nanoparticles that match precisely the high-temperature magnetite nanospheres, formed by combustion and/or friction-derived heating, which are prolific in urban, airborne particulate matter (PM)."

5636:(PM). Annual seasonal average particulate matter concentrations have been recorded as high as 279 μg/m (micrograms per cubic meter). The World Health Organization's recommended annual mean PM 8571: 1952:. Besides measuring the total mass of particles per unit volume of air (particle mass concentration), sometimes it is more useful to measure the total number of particles per unit volume of air ( 1421:

Human-made (anthropogenic) aerosols account for about 10 percent of the total mass of aerosols in the atmosphere as estimated in 2010. The remaining 90 percent comes from natural sources such as

9436:"Increasing Isoprene Epoxydiol-to-Inorganic Sulfate Aerosol Ratio Results in Extensive Conversion of Inorganic Sulfate to Organosulfur Forms: Implications for Aerosol Physicochemical Properties" 2985:

Besides composition, quantity and duration of exposure are also important, since they would affect the triggering and severity of a disease. Particles that get into indoor would directly affect

1932:

Particulates have been measured in increasingly sophisticated ways since air pollution was first systematically studied in the early 20th century. The earliest methods included relatively crude

1248:(a type of heavy equipment commonly used at construction sites and roadworks) demolishing the remnants of the pre-war Postal Train 0880Station (Dworzec Pocztowy) at Jerozolimskie Avenue, Poland 7842:

Liu C, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Deng J, Gao Y, Yu L, Zhang J, Sun H (July 2019). "Widespread distribution of PET and PC microplastics in dust in urban China and their estimated human exposure".

11482:

Li Y, Chen J, Bu S, Wang S, Geng X, Guan G, Zhao Q, Ao L, Qu W, Zheng Y, Jin Y, Tang J (May 2021). "Blood lead levels and their associated risk factors in Chinese adults from 1980 to 2018".

20946: 16687: 11525:

Han Z, Guo X, Zhang B, Liao J, Nie L (June 2018). "Blood lead levels of children in urban and suburban areas in China (1997-2015): Temporal and spatial variations and influencing factors".

7903: 8014: 8028: 15901: 12561: 10434:

Jongebloed, U. A.; Schauer, A. J.; Cole-Dai, J.; Larrick, C. G.; Wood, R.; Fischer, T. P.; Carn, S. A.; Salimi, S.; Edouard, S. R.; Zhai, S.; Geng, L.; Alexander, B. (2 January 2023).

19146: 18855: 18521: 13697:

Fan, Shu-Jun; Heinrich, Joachim; Bloom, Michael S.; Zhao, Tian-Yu; Shi, Tong-Xing; Feng, Wen-Ru; Sun, Yi; Shen, Ji-Chuan; Yang, Zhi-Cong; Yang, Bo-Yi; Dong, Guang-Hui (January 2020).

2151:

The Indirect aerosol effect consists of any change to the Earth's radiative budget due to the modification of clouds by atmospheric aerosols and consists of several distinct effects.

806: 8319: 6954: 18746: 16099: 15100: 5824: 3952:) as of 2015 is 28 μg/m (calculated using the 3-year average of the annual 98th percentile of the daily 24-hr average concentrations) and 10 μg/m (3-year average of annual mean). PM 985: 1741:, an optical thickness of less than 0.1 (palest yellow) indicates a crystal clear sky with maximum visibility, whereas a value of 1 (reddish-brown) indicates very hazy conditions. 18741: 16682: 5829: 980: 13115:

Sapkota A, Chelikowsky AP, Nachman KE, Cohen AJ, Ritz B (1 December 2012). "Exposure to particulate matter and adverse birth outcomes: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis".

8000: 3621:. In 2013, the ESCAPE study involving 312,944 people in nine European countries revealed that there was no safe level of particulates and that for every increase of 10 μg/m in PM 2819: 17519: 16227: 9522:

Legras, Bernard; Duchamp, Clair; Sellitto, Pasquale; Podglajen, Aurélien; Carboni, Elisa; Siddans, Richard; Grooß, Jens-Uwe; Khaykin, Sergey; Ploeger, Felix (23 November 2022).

1953: 15325:

Zhong, Junting; Zhang, Xiaoye; Gui, Ke; Liao, Jie; Fei, Ye; Jiang, Lipeng; Guo, Lifeng; Liu, Liangke; Che, Huizheng; Wang, Yaqiang; Wang, Deying; Zhou, Zijiang (12 July 2022).

3005:

plannings and mitigation measures regarding PM emission should be introduced. Use of power tools, heavy equipments, diesel fuels and potentially toxic building materials (e.g.

1770:

is highest near the source of emission. Any information regarding DPM and the atmosphere, flora, height, and distance from major sources is useful to determine health effects.

15889:

NARSTO (2004) Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers: A NARSTO Assessment. P. McMurry, M. Shepherd, and J. Vickery, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.

13513:"Long term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of acute coronary events: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis in 11 European cohorts from the ESCAPE Project" 11376: 9199:

Ferek RJ, Garrett T, Hobbs PV, Strader S, Johnson D, Taylor JP, Nielsen K, Ackerman AS, Kogan Y, Liu Q, Albrecht BA, et al. (2000). "Drizzle Suppression in Ship Tracks".

2974:, cancers, nausea, irritation, kidney and liver damage, central nervous system problems, asthma, pneumonia, etc.) can be resulted from the different types of toxic emissions. 16201: 1309:

Dusty materials that are not cleaned up or properly covered (e.g., in construction sites, landfills and ceramics production facilities; ashes left from burning or wildfires).

4160:, announced its intent to request information regarding analytical test methods, fate and transport in the environment, and other relevant information from manufacturers of 3317:, although studies on the link between depression and some air pollutants are not consistent. At least one study has identified "the abundant presence in the human brain of 16062: 15007: 3109:

for death. Air pollution has also been linked to a range of other psychosocial problems. Particulates may cause tissue damage by entering organs directly, or indirectly by

15133: 3274:

and less), the association with coarse particles remained but was no longer statistically significant, which means the effect is due to the subsection of fine particles.

2080: 1701: 15805:

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the principal international scientific body on climate change) chapter on atmospheric aerosols and their radiative effects

3440:

from wildfires and increased risk of hospitalizations for cardiopulmonary diseases has been discovered. Evidence also suggest wildfire smoke reduces mental performance.

15504: 10073: 16220: 15821:

Jelonek Z, Drobniak A, Mastalerz M, Jelonek I (December 2020). "Environmental implications of the quality of charcoal briquettes and lump charcoal used for grilling".

15242: 14551:"75 Ways Trump Made America Dirtier and the Planet Warmer: In the Past Four Years, Trump has Shredded Environmental Protections for American Lands, Animals and People" 6535:

Lin C, Huang RJ, Duan J, Zhong H, Xu W, Wu Y, Zhang R (April 2022). "Large contribution from worship activities to the atmospheric soot particles in northwest China".

5713:

In mid-2023, air quality in eastern U.S. lowered significantly as particulates from Canada's wildfires blew down. According to NASA, some of the fires were ignited by

3207:

As perinatal outcomes have been associated with lifelong health and exposure to particulate matter is widespread, this issue is of critical public health importance.

17167: 16788: 14483: 9031:"Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis" 8287: 6309: 1686:, consists of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, mineral dust, and organic matter. The particles are hygroscopic due to the presence of sulfur, and SO 15584: 12943:

Ozkaynak, Haluk; Thurston, George D. (December 1987). "Associations Between 1980 U.S. Mortality Rates and Alternative Measures of Airborne Particle Concentration".

3150:. A study by the European Environment Agency estimates that 307,000 people have died prematurely in 2019 due to fine particle pollution in the 27 EU member states. 2935:

Different types of building refurbishment activities produce different kinds of dust too. The composition of PM generated from cutting or mixing concrete made with

14185: 13936:

Nawrot TS, Perez L, Künzli N, Munters E, Nemery B (February 2011). "Public health importance of triggers of myocardial infarction: a comparative risk assessment".

12358:"Air Pollution (Particulate Matter) Exposure and Associations with Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar, Psychosis and Suicide Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 6158:"Application of Lagrangian particle dispersion models to air quality assessment in the Trans-Manche region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France) and Kent (Great Britain)" 3528:

to create doubt regarding the causal connection between cigarette smoking and cancer and to forestall its regulation. In addition, industry-funded advocates, when

3013:, paint, etc.) should be strictly monitored to ensure that patients who are there seeking for disease treatments or chances to survive are not adversely affected. 3629:

there was a 36% increase in lung cancer per 10 μg/m. In a 2014 meta-analysis of 18 studies globally including the ESCAPE data, for every increase of 10 μg/m in PM

16819: 16814: 16809: 16804: 15221: 14698: 11457:[The new version of the pre-sale house contract prohibits "steelmaking furnace slag" and builders will be fined for violations] (in Chinese). 8 May 2019. 10577:

Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

10194:

Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

10105:

Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

2380:

savings valued at $ 50 billion annually in the United States alone. Yet, around the same time, research had shown that sulfate aerosols were affecting both the

1675:

The chemical composition of the aerosol directly affects how it interacts with solar radiation. The chemical constituents within the aerosol change the overall

18848: 17290: 15551:"Chapter 1 - Fly Ash - An Engineering Material - Fly Ash Facts for Highway Engineers - Recycling - Sustainability - Pavements - Federal Highway Administration" 15490: 15165: 14538: 2959: 20896: 19044: 13672: 10817: 10653: 4291:. Previously it was as one of the most polluted capital cities in the world. An air quality improvement plan in 2017 appears to be showing positive results. 16191: 12868: 12584:"Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)" 6986:

Orirental Daily News once again revealed that the Yau Tong Concrete Plant violated regulations and emitted a large amount of smoke and dust, up to 40 meters

5659:

from ash ponds, the final disposal place for fly ash that has been collected in settling tanks. Ash ponds are continually eroded by wind during the winter.

5415: 3406:

problem linked to the practice of historic redlining. An example of these factors contextualized is an area of Southeastern Louisiana, colloquially dubbed '

20926: 19022: 17410: 16534: 15925:

Alves, Célia A.; Evtyugina, Margarita; Vicente, Estela; Vicente, Ana; Gonçalves, Cátia; Neto, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Teresa; Kováts, Nora (15 September 2022).

11249: 8599: 2855: 2548: 2183:

on cloud albedo compared to ambient clouds. The Cloud albedo aerosol effect is a first order effect and therefore classified as a radiative forcing by the

16177: 15442: 14957: 14435:"Cardiopulmonary Effects of Fine Particulate Matter Exposure among Older Adults, during Wildfire and Non-Wildfire Periods, in the United States 2008-2010" 13885:

Cohen AJ, Ross Anderson H, Ostro B, Pandey KD, Krzyzanowski M, Künzli N, et al. (2005). "The global burden of disease due to outdoor air pollution".

12621:

Cohen AJ, Ross Anderson H, Ostro B, Pandey KD, Krzyzanowski M, Künzli N, et al. (2005). "The global burden of disease due to outdoor air pollution".

10035: 8585: 1940:, which collected the soot deposited in a particular location so it could be weighed. Automated, modern methods of measuring particulates include optical 1668:

field by both scattering and absorption. Some aerosols are predicted to include strongly light-absorbing material and are thought to yield large positive

18985: 17373: 16989: 16524: 13048: 11033: 2368:

Stratospheric sulfates from volcanic emissions cause transient cooling; the purple line showing sustained cooling is from tropospheric sulfate pollution.

15416: 11352: 1894:

electrostatic plates which attract the charged particle in the airstream collecting them and leaving the now clean air to be exhausted or recirculated.

1604:(gaseous) or from biogenic emissions. The precursors for these aerosols—i.e. the gases from which they originate—may have an anthropogenic origin (from 15536: 14522:

Data sources: Markandya & Wilkinson (2007); UNSCEAR (2008; 2018); Sovacool et al. (2016); IPCC AR5 (2014); Pehl et al. (2017); Ember Energy (2021).

8658: 7060: 6868: 6484:

Lee, Giyoon; Ahn, Jinho; Park, Seung-Myung; Moon, Jonghan; Park, Rokjin; Sim, Min Sub; Choi, Hanna; Park, Jinsoo; Ahn, Joon-Young (17 September 2023).

15658: 10535: 8644: 4175:

DTSC is expanding the Specific Chemical Information Call-in to members of the nanometal oxides, the latest information can be found on their website.

2924:. Particles emitted from fuel combustion are not the same as those emitted from waste combustion. The particulate matter generated from the fire of a 18841: 17350: 17192: 16641: 16529: 11799:"Assessing the impact of long-term exposure to nine outdoor air pollutants on COVID-19 spatial spread and related mortality in 107 Italian provinces" 11263: 10989:

Balmes, John R.; Fine, Jonathan M.; Sheppard, Dean (November 1987). "Symptomatic Bronchoconstriction after Short-Term Inhalation of Sulfur Dioxide".

3467:

understood at least since the 1960s that use of their products causes widespread adverse health effects and death but continued aggressive political

10934: 5670: 16723: 15186: 15052: 13698: 8931:

Haywood, James; Boucher, Olivier (November 2000). "Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: A review".

5686: 3945: 2416:, which seeks to replicate and enhance the cooling from sulfate pollution while minimizing the negative effects on health through deploying in the 1999: 13991: 13980: 9747: 17295: 16636: 16613: 14770: 3355:) across the U.S. In the study, regions of the country with a high rate of Parkinson's disease were associated generally with higher levels of PM 2404:

uses the best estimate of 0.5 °C (0.90 °F), with the uncertainty mainly caused by contradictory research on the impacts of aerosols of

15739:"Toxicologic and epidemiologic clues from the characterization of the 1952 London smog fine particulate matter in archival autopsy lung tissues" 11968: 19059: 19054: 19027: 18759: 11104:

Hennig, Frauke; Quass, Ulrich; Hellack, Bryan; Küpper, Miriam; Kuhlbusch, Thomas A. J.; Stafoggia, Massimo; Hoffmann, Barbara (February 2018).

9986:"Chapter 32 – Changes in the Sun's radiation: the role of widespread surface solar radiation trends in climate change: dimming and brightening" 7961: 7689: 3340:

exposure and the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Several epidemiological studies have suggested a link between PM

2400:

models estimate that total cooling from the currently present aerosols is between 0.1 °C (0.18 °F) to 0.7 °C (1.3 °F); the

990: 11412: 20941: 15073: 10876:

moderate volcanic eruptions, rather than anthropogenic influences, are the primary source of the observed increases in stratospheric aerosol.

9905: 4085: 2087: 12582:

Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Andersen, Zorana J; Beelen, Rob; Samoli, Evangelia; Stafoggia, Massimo; Weinmayr, Gudrun; et al. (August 2013).

11443:[A look into the property market new regulations. No more slag house. Slag will be banned from 2021] (in Chinese). 10 December 2020. 11106:"Ultrafine and Fine Particle Number and Surface Area Concentrations and Daily Cause-Specific Mortality in the Ruhr Area, Germany, 2009–2014" 9880: 9078:

Charlson RJ, Schwartz SE, Hales JM, Cess RD, Coakley JA, Hansen JE, Hofmann DJ (January 1992). "Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols".

5600:

Air quality of Thailand is getting worse in 2023, which is described as a "post-COVID back-to-normal situation". In addition to the capital

19012: 18960: 15958:

Papachristopoulou, Kyriakoula; Raptis, Ioannis-Panagiotis; Gkikas, Antonis; Fountoulakis, Ilias; Masoom, Akriti; Kazadzis, Stelios (2022).

14748: 14562: 8529: 8326: 5577: 3065: 16091: 15109: 8885:"Indicators of Global Climate Change 2022: annual update of large-scale indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence" 3500:

in the public mind about the necessity of such regulation. Similar lobbying and corporate public relations efforts were undertaken by the

1690:

is converted to sulfate when high humidity and low temperatures are present. This causes reduced visibility and red-orange-yellow colors.

19034: 19007: 18980: 18955: 18454: 15626: 15207: 9382:

Koren I, Kaufman YJ, Remer LA, Martins JV (February 2004). "Measurement of the effect of Amazon smoke on inhibition of cloud formation".

7003:"Identification of cement in atmospheric particulate matter using the hybrid method of laser diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy" 4200: 3594: 1068: 756: 14550: 9131:"Effects of Aerosols on Cloud Albedo: Evaluation of Twomey's Parameterization of Cloud Susceptibility Using Measurements of Ship Tracks" 4212:

To analyse the air pollution trend, 480 cities around the world (Ukraine excluded) was mapped by air experts to calculate the average PM

2831: 1650:. This is mainly because the presence of sulfate and nitrate causes the aerosols to increase to a size that scatters light effectively. 20434: 19683: 16243: 15917: 12006: 10688: 6882: 4157: 3517: 16207: 16159: 15638: 13620: 19366: 19106: 12672: 11578:"Experimental study to quantify airborne particle deposition onto and resuspension from clothing using a fluorescent-tracking method" 10334:

Glassmeier, Franziska; Hoffmann, Fabian; Johnson, Jill S.; Yamaguchi, Takanobu; Carslaw, Ken S.; Feingold, Graham (29 January 2021).

2044: 15994: 15927:"Outdoor charcoal grilling: Particulate and gas-phase emissions, organic speciation and ecotoxicological assessment - ScienceDirect" 15021: 13653: 12253:

Fu, Pengfei; Yung, Ken Kin Lam (15 September 2020). "Air Pollution and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis".

11380: 11222:"Scattering Matrix for Typical Urban Anthropogenic Origin Cement Dust and Discrimination of Representative Atmospheric Particulates" 9685: 7766:

Zalakeviciute, Rasa; Mejia, Danilo; Alvarez, Hermel; Bermeo, Xavier; Bonilla-Bedoya, Santiago; Rybarczyk, Yves; Lamb, Brian (2022).

3948:(CCME). Jurisdictions (provinces and territories) may set more stringent standards. The CCME standard for particulate matter 2.5 (PM 3057: 20936: 20868: 19636: 19631: 19351: 18975: 8256: 8177: 8088: 6669:

Ramadan, Bimastyaji Surya; Rosmalina, Raden Tina; Syafrudin; Munawir; Khair, Hafizhul; Rachman, Indriyani; Matsumoto, Toru (2023).

3398: 1945: 16076: 10708:

McCormick, M. Patrick; Thomason, Larry W.; Trepte, Charles R. (February 1995). "Atmospheric effects of the Mt Pinatubo eruption".

9048: 8631:"Hong Kong eLegislation, AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (CONSTRUCTION DUST) REGULATION (Cap.311 section 43) 16 June 1997, L.N. 304 of 1997" 7799:

Xie Y, Li Y, Feng Y, Cheng W, Wang Y (April 2022). "Inhalable microplastics prevails in air: Exploring the size detection limit".

19626: 18970: 18693: 14517: 11394: 11023:

Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J. (2003). Exposure Assessment in Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology. London: Oxford University Press.

8042: 15730: 15140: 11708: 6910: 19356: 13561: 11415:[City "besieged" with dishonest cement factories, anti-counterfeiting teams found 13 of them in one year] (in Chinese). 11235: 8673:"Enforcement Activities and Statistics under the Air Pollution Control Ordinance and the Ozone Layer Protection Ordinance 2021" 4097: 3155: 1542: 15804: 10383:

Manshausen, Peter; Watson-Parris, Duncan; Christensen, Matthew W.; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Stier, Philip Stier (7 March 2018).

9901: 7273: 3359:, of which sources include motor vehicles, wildfires, and power plants." While the exact mechanisms behind the link between PM 1850:

some cases recirculated into the facility. Common fabrics include polyester and fiberglass and common fabric coatings include

20741: 19615: 19371: 19049: 18736: 16861: 16548: 12803: 11426: 10065: 10005: 9668: 9507: 8687:"Construction contractor fined for carrying out building demolition work in Shek O without appropriate dust control measures" 7726: 7480: 6140: 5922: 4541:

Almost all of the top ten most polluted cities are in the Middle East and Asia. The worst is Dammam in Saudi Arabia with a PM

3347:

Using geospatial analytical techniques, "NIEHS-funded researchers were able to confirm a strong association between cases of

975: 15518: 13191:"The shared pathoetiological effects of particulate air pollution and the social environment on fetal-placental development" 13068:"Maternal Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter ≤2.5 μm During Pregnancy and the Risk for High Blood Pressure in Childhood" 2431:(BC), or carbon black, or elemental carbon (EC), often called soot, is composed of pure carbon clusters, skeleton balls and 20901: 20863: 19466: 19314: 18024: 17836: 16072: 15894: 14011:

Smiley, Kevin T. (2019). "Racial and Environmental Inequalities in Spatial Patterns in Asthma Prevalence in the US South".

13638: 5927: 249: 14594: 10891:

Chung CE, Ramanathan V (2006). "Weakening of North Indian SST Gradients and the Monsoon Rainfall in India and the Sahel".

8515: 4220:

were measured using aqicn.org's World Air Quality Index data, and a formula developed by AirNow was used to convert the PM

1819:, most industries are required to operate some kind of dust collection system. These systems include inertial collectors ( 1139:

particles include suspended particulate matter; thoracic and respirable particles; inhalable coarse particles, designated

19319: 18965: 18950: 17989: 17882: 17552: 16130: 13562:"Air pollution alters Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilms, antibiotic tolerance and colonisation" 9949: 2708:

Another complexity not entirely documented is how the shape of PM can affect health, except for the needle-like shape of

376: 296: 16142: 15720: 15386: 11917:

Solimini, Angelo; Filipponi, F.; Fegatelli, D. Alunni; Caputo, B.; De Marco, C. M.; Spagnoli, A.; Vestri, A. R. (2021).

5632:

characterized by raised sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide levels and very high concentrations of airborne particles and

2683:

therefore not protective. Proposals for new regulations exist in some countries, with suggestions to limit the particle

20724: 19416: 19230: 19220: 19141: 19064: 18754: 18731: 17910: 17570: 16122: 15809:

Preining, Othmar and E. James Davis (eds.), "History of Aerosol Science," Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften,

8672: 970: 884: 326: 17: 16197: 14691: 13503: 10952: 9932: 8557: 4187:

Air quality trends in the southwestern United States. Blue area shows the range of the middle 80% of monitoring sites.

2163:

tend to be smaller and more numerous than those forming around aerosol particles of natural origin (such as windblown

21092: 20766: 20479: 20015: 19744: 19641: 19250: 19235: 19069: 19017: 18796: 18543: 18429: 17923: 17918: 15874: 15814: 14800: 13840:"Olfactory cell cultures to investigate health effects of air pollution exposure: Implications for neurodegeneration" 12410:

Lu, Jackson G (April 2020). "Air pollution: A systematic review of its psychological, economic, and social effects".

11211:

Lippmann, M., Cohen, B.S., Schlesinger, R.S. (2003). Environmental Health Science. New York: Oxford University Press.

8320:"Mongolia: Air Pollution in Ulaanbaatar – Initial Assessment of Current Situations and Effects of Abatement Measures" 3301: 2921: 2017: 826: 731: 15476: 15169: 13169:

US EPA National Center for Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park Nc, Environmental Media Assessment Group

8543: 3306:

The effects of air pollution and particulate matter on cognitive performance has become an active area of research.

3163: 2329:, had dominated. By 1990, global human-caused emissions of sulfur into the atmosphere became "at least as large" as 2034:

Aerosols have a cooling effect that is small compared to the radiative forcing (warming effect) of greenhouse gases.

19835: 19297: 19111: 19002: 18992: 18723: 16937: 16745: 16320: 16310: 16282: 11057:"Ambient Particulate Pollutants in the Ultrafine Range Promote Early Atherosclerosis and Systemic Oxidative Stress" 10215: 8714: 6467: 3602: 3344:

exposure and cognitive decline, particularly in the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.

2396:

in line with the reduced anthropogenic sulfate pollution, climate change accelerated. As of 2021, state-of-the-art

2073:. The aerosol scale (yellow to dark reddish-brown) indicates the relative amount of particles that absorb sunlight. 1180: 17433: 14936: 11250:"Cargo boat fire put out in Hong Kong's Victoria Harbour after burning for 15 hours and sending fumes across city" 10650: 10569: 8602:[The problem of buying a house: Is it difficult to live in a building under rehabilitation?] (in Chinese). 7295: 2030: 1854:(commonly known as Teflon). The excess dust buildup is then cleaned from the bags and removed from the collector. 20916: 20730: 20110: 19431: 19180: 19158: 19116: 19086: 19039: 18922: 18905: 18888: 18864: 18469: 18206: 17596: 16187: 12736:

Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL (March 2004). "Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000".

11722: 10673: 10097: 7077: 6157: 4152:

Air quality trends in the western United States. Blue area shows the range of the middle 80% of monitoring sites.

2463: 2413: 2307: 2222: 1661: 1061: 771: 534: 116: 60: 13838:

Kanninen, K. M.; Lampinen, R.; Rantanen, L. M.; Odendaal, L.; Jalava, P.; Chew, S.; White, A. R. (1 June 2020).

9648: 9154: 9003: 8978: 8700: 19674: 19136: 19131: 15555: 15270:

Li, Jie; Du, Huiyun; Wang, Zifa; Sun, Yele; Yang, Wenyi; Li, Jianjun; Tang, Xiao; Fu, Pingqing (1 April 2017).

14968: 11037: 9644: 9220: 7641:"Potentially toxic elements pollution in road deposited sediments around the active smelting industry of Korea" 6928: 6278: 3477: 3147: 15462: 12356:

Braithwaite, Isobel; Zhang, Shuo; Kirkbride, James B.; Osborn, David P. J.; Hayes, Joseph F. (December 2019).

10043: 8370: 20878: 20822: 20817: 20394: 19922: 19302: 19240: 18804: 18779: 18084: 15420: 14054:"Erratum: Eur. Phys. J. C.22, 695–705 (2002) – DOI 10.1007/s100520100827 Published online: 7 December 2001". 11359: 9499: 8572:"Hong Kong watchdog arrests 49 suspects in housing renovation scam involving contracts worth HK$ 500 million" 7986: 7752: 7421:

Sharma R, Sharma M, Sharma R, Sharma V (2013). "The impact of incinerators on human health and environment".

3468: 2498: 1957: 1545:. Sea salt is considered the second-largest contributor in the global aerosol budget, and consists mainly of 1006: 456: 35: 15272:"Rapid formation of a severe regional winter haze episode over a mega-city cluster on the North China Plain" 14100:

Mikati, Ihab; Benson, Adam F.; Luben, Thomas J.; Sacks, Jason D.; Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer (1 April 2018).

12693:; Seskin, Eugene P. (June 1973). "An Analysis of the Association between U.S. Mortality and Air Pollution". 10791: 8756: 6386: 4389:. It was once the most polluted capital city in Europe and still has a long way to go to achieve clean air. 3131:

particulate air pollution "is consistently and independently related to the most serious effects, including

3113:. Adverse effects may occur even at exposure levels lower than published air quality standards deemed safe. 2575:

via cilia and mucus, but particulate matter smaller than about 10 micrometers can settle in the bronchi and

2376:

measures and other pollution controls were largely successful, reducing their prevalence by 53% and causing

2179:. Evidence supporting the cloud albedo effect has been observed from the effects of ship exhaust plumes and 20439: 19990: 19911: 19870: 18898: 18255: 18004: 17984: 17736: 17144: 17092: 16595: 16272: 10542: 10241:

McCoy, Daniel T.; Field, Paul; Gordon, Hamish; Elsaesser, Gregory S.; Grosvenor, Daniel P. (6 April 2020).

10189: 8770: 5890: 3501: 2401: 1910:

Besides removing particulates from the source of pollution, they may also be cleaned in the open air (e.g.

1750: 1450: 544: 396: 371: 166: 19451: 14204: 12080:"Maternal exposure to air pollution and risk of autism in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis" 11661:"The effects of particulate matter sources on daily mortality: a case-crossover study of Barcelona, Spain" 11292: 8884: 7601: 6808: 6588:"Heavy metals emissions from joss paper burning rituals and the air quality around a specific incinerator" 6586:

Giang, Lam Van; Thanh, Tran; Hien, Truong Thanh; Tan, Lam Van; Thi Bich Phuong, Tran; Huu Loc, Ho (2021).

1738: 1656:(OM) found in aerosols can be either primary or secondary, the latter part deriving from the oxidation of 1503:

Global aerosols portrait produced by a GEOS-5 simulation at a 10-km resolution, August 2006 - April 2007.

20782: 20584: 20095: 20030: 19948: 19860: 19724: 19269: 19153: 18910: 18360: 18014: 16287: 15040: 14871: 10938: 10140: 9985: 4080:

Air quality trends in the United States. Blue area shows the range of the middle 80% of monitoring sites.

3969: 3295: 2544: 1836: 1763: 655: 406: 15182: 15056: 13742: 11293:"Use of hazardous electric arc furnace dust in the construction industry: A cleaner production approach" 9029:

Forster P, Ramaswamy V, Artaxo P, Berntsen T, Betts R, Fahey DW, Haywood J, et al. (October 2007).

3194:

is associated with elevated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as low birth weight. Exposure to PM

1936:, which were grey-shaded cards against which emissions from smokestacks could be visually compared, and 1191:

as they can penetrate deep into the lungs and brain from blood streams, causing health problems such as

20931: 20812: 20519: 20284: 20128: 18788: 18688: 18611: 18019: 17849: 17679: 17139: 17097: 14333:"Associations between respiratory health and ozone and fine particulate matter during a wildfire event" 12992:-Related Air Quality Health Benefits From the Removal of Energy-Related Emissions in the United States" 12896:"Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six U.S. cities" 12560:

Carrington, Damian; McMullan, Lydia; Blight, Garry; Roberts, Simon; Hulley-Jones, Frank (17 May 2019).

10283: 9839:"Effect of sulfate aerosol on tropospheric NOx and ozone budgets: Model simulations and TOPSE evidence" 9708: 5885: 5853: 3081:

The effects of inhaling particulate matter that have been widely studied in humans and animals include

1828: 1529:, including particles, depends on their source and atmospheric chemistry and varies widely. Wind-blown 1520: 1054: 411: 261: 91:

This diagram shows types, and size distribution in micrometres (μm), of atmospheric particulate matter.

15926: 15883: 15271: 14778: 13839: 13511:

Cesaroni G, Forastiere F, Stafoggia M, Andersen ZJ, Badaloni C, Beelen R, et al. (January 2014).

11162: 10436:"Underestimated Passive Volcanic Sulfur Degassing Implies Overestimated Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing" 6587: 6485: 6387:"STATE OF GLOBAL AIR/2018 A SPECIAL REPORT ON GLOBAL EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION AND ITS DISEASE BURDEN" 20984: 20843: 20807: 20609: 20239: 20194: 20122: 19974: 19917: 19539: 19491: 19386: 19279: 19163: 18491: 18449: 18411: 17976: 17770: 17490: 17480: 16677: 16455: 16277: 8386:"Behaviour Study of Particulate Matter and Chemical Composition with Different Combustion Strategies" 5900: 5895: 5777: 5756: 5372: 3533: 3529: 3373: 2939:

would be different from those generated from cutting or mixing concrete made with different types of

2664: 2156: 1927: 1767: 1665: 1657: 786: 751: 711: 364: 331: 181: 19446: 12133:"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multiple Airborne Pollutants and Autism Spectrum Disorder" 9619: 8799: 5462: 21082: 21031: 20853: 20549: 20149: 19928: 19819: 19804: 19544: 19499: 19401: 19126: 18942: 18486: 18009: 17950: 17861: 17485: 17463: 17157: 16465: 11659:

Ostro, B.; Tobias, A.; Querol, X.; Alastuey, A.; Amato, F.; Pey, J.; Pérez, N.; Sunyer, J. (2011).

10435: 8686: 6671:"Potential Risks of Open Waste Burning at the Household Level: A Case Study of Semarang, Indonesia" 6253: 5511: 4161: 3564: 3493: 3258: 3122: 2890: 2373: 2136: 1467:

annually, with domestic wood burning in both closed stoves and open fires responsible for 38% of PM

1331: 781: 401: 336: 273: 30:

This article is about particles suspended in air. For general discussion of particulate types, see

16212: 15672:

Liu XQ, Huang J, Song C, Zhang TL, Liu YP, Yu L (2023). "Neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by PM

15505:"Air pollution hospitalises 200,000 in one week as fumes, emissions and smoke descend on Thailand" 15414: 15077: 13457:"Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution" 11854:

Kiser, Daniel; Elhanan, Gai; Metcalf, William J.; Schnieder, Brendan; Grzymski, Joseph J. (2021).

11633: 8826: 8613: 7095: 6279:"EHP – Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 5588:

in May and June 2016 came from local emissions. The rest was trans-boundary pollution coming from

2849:

Scanning electron microscopy of mortar glass powder (10%) which seems to have fibre-like structure

21026: 20951: 20873: 20802: 20746: 20678: 20574: 20489: 20399: 20364: 19840: 19591: 19529: 18932: 18698: 18464: 17994: 17545: 17368: 17134: 16370: 10282:

Rosenfeld, Daniel; Zhu, Yannian; Wang, Minghuai; Zheng, Youtong; Goren, Tom; Yu, Shaocai (2019).

9877: 8883:

Forster, Piers M.; Smith, Christopher J.; Walsh, Tristram; Lamb, William F.; et al. (2023).

8728: 8056: 3513: 811: 766: 386: 16086: 15604: 15258:

emissions of a key pollutant linked to respiratory illness have doubled over the past five years

14619:

Hamra GB, Guha N, Cohen A, Laden F, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Samet JM, et al. (September 2014).

11736:

Renard, J. B.; Surcin, J.; Annesi-Maesano, I.; Delaunay, G.; Poincelet, E.; Dixsaut, G. (2022).

11468: 8346: 5401: 2977:

Studies have found that blood lead levels of people in China are highly correlated to ambient PM

2474:

Aerosols are also thought to affect weather and climate on a regional scale. The failure of the

21077: 21016: 20978: 20858: 20569: 20000: 19534: 19361: 18657: 18047: 17509: 17118: 16904: 16773: 16572: 16501: 16460: 16341: 14102:"Disparities in Distribution of Particulate Matter Emission Sources by Race and Poverty Status" 13824: 11919:"A global association between Covid-19 cases and airborne particulate matter at regional level" 10284:"Aerosol-driven droplet concentrations dominate coverage and water of oceanic low level clouds" 9037:. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press. pp. 129–234. 7555:"Respirable nano-particulate generations and their pathogenesis in mining workplaces: a review" 7554: 7162:

Bruschweiler ED, Danuser B, Huynh CK, Wild P, Schupfer P, Vernez D, Boiteux P, Hopf NB (2012).

6132: 6121: 3537: 3348: 3329: 1810: 1192: 1103: 949: 436: 14892: 13164: 12078:

Chun, HeeKyoung; Leung, Cheryl; Wen, Shi Wu; McDonald, Judy; Shin, Hwashin H. (January 2020).

8742: 8588:[Will you move out because there is building exterior wall repair work?] (in Chinese). 8467:"Effect of Inlet Air Volumetric Flow Rate on the Performance of a Two-Stage Cyclone Separator" 7230:"Indoor Particulate Matter during HOMEChem: Concentrations, Size Distributions, and Exposures" 1120:, as opposed to the particulate matter alone. Sources of particulate matter can be natural or 21057: 21036: 20714: 20673: 20389: 20060: 19880: 19652: 18917: 18627: 18459: 18335: 18243: 17933: 17826: 17626: 17457: 17285: 17162: 16783: 16411: 12819:

Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, et al. (December 2012).

10811: 8418: 6955:"SF Concrete Plant That Was Focus of NBC Bay Area Investigative Report, Ordered to Shut Down" 5848: 5772: 3509: 3403: 3252: 3110: 2160: 919: 761: 627: 539: 236: 31: 14726: 14621:"Outdoor particulate matter exposure and lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 14575: 13240:

Lee PC, Talbott EO, Roberts JM, Catov JM, Bilonick RA, Stone RA, et al. (August 2012).

10685: 9033:. In Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds.). 8118:

Perraud V, Bruns EA, Ezell MJ, Johnson SN, Yu Y, Alexander ML, et al. (February 2012).

6718:"Personal exposures to particulate matter <2.5 μm in mass median aerodynamic diameter (PM 3609:

due to their ability to penetrate deep into the lungs and blood streams unfiltered, causing

3496:, an industry lobby group, to derail governments' attempts to regulate air pollution and to 20838: 20828: 20772: 20709: 20604: 20184: 20133: 19699: 19519: 19287: 18927: 18893: 18883: 18434: 18089: 17785: 17420: 17405: 17327: 17254: 17113: 17022: 16953: 16899: 16875: 16835: 16567: 16393: 15971: 15830: 15685: 15342: 15283: 14835: 14344: 14063: 13894: 13778: 13710: 13576: 13560:

Hussey SJ, Purves J, Allcock N, Fernandes VE, Monks PS, Ketley JM, et al. (May 2017).

13310: 13253: 13124: 13003: 12952: 12630: 12468: 12309: 12206: 12144: 12091: 12041: 11871: 11810: 11753: 11589: 11534: 11491: 11304: 10900: 10841: 10764: 10717: 10623: 10584: 10498: 10447: 10347: 10254: 10155: 10112: 9958: 9850: 9723: 9576: 9447: 9391: 9348: 9336: 9307: 9263: 9208: 9142: 9087: 8990: 8940: 8899: 8630: 8131: 7851: 7808: 7613: 7566: 7322: 7241: 7014: 6820: 6635: 6544: 6441: 6432:

Omidvarborna; et al. (2015). "Recent studies on soot modeling for diesel combustion".

6203: 6128: 5572:(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). According to a study conducted by 5203: 4709: 3472: 3393: 3179:

Higher rates of infertility have been correlated with exposure to particulates. Maternal PM

3128: 2948: 2645: 2409: 1815:

Particulate matter emissions are highly regulated in most industrialized countries. Due to

1121: 461: 194: 12986:

Mailloux, Nicholas A.; Abel, David W.; Holloway, Tracey; Patz, Jonathan A. (16 May 2022).

12676: 11988: 8846:"X-ray spectrometry for particulate air pollution—a quantitative comparison of techniques" 7917:

Hawkes N (May 2015). "Air pollution in UK: the public health problem that won't go away".

6329:"Recent Insights into Particulate Matter (PM2.5)-Mediated Toxicity in Humans: An Overview" 2700:(aerosol or particulate). Inhalation also depends upon the breathing rate of the subject. 8: 21072: 21067: 20704: 20694: 20668: 20454: 20116: 20025: 19995: 19895: 19865: 19759: 19719: 19581: 19574: 19514: 19411: 19406: 19081: 18501: 18439: 18406: 18345: 18277: 18142: 18137: 18115: 17689: 17027: 16979: 16922: 16845: 16778: 16755: 16750: 16664: 16483: 16264: 15550: 14386:) exposure during a prolonged wildfire period and emergency department visits for asthma" 13699:"Ambient air pollution and depression: A systematic review with meta-analysis up to 2019" 12193:

Weisskopf, Marc G.; Kioumourtzoglou, Marianthi-Anna; Roberts, Andrea L. (December 2015).

11969:"With metals and maybe even coronavirus, wildfire smoke is more dangerous than you think" 10487:"What goes up must come down: impacts of deposition in a sulfate geoengineering scenario" 10196:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3–32, 9693: 9651:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 31–34, 5937: 5787: 5585: 4127:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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matter exposure, as well as an increased risk of asthma related events. A link between PM

2385: 1816: 1756: 1196: 1107: 796: 741: 706: 632: 559: 509: 504: 489: 146: 15975: 15918:"Hong Kong's illegal barbecue site something to chew on | South China Morning Post" 15834: 15689: 15346: 15287: 14849: 14348: 14067: 13898: 13782: 13714: 13580: 13314: 13257: 13128: 13007: 12956: 12634: 12472: 12313: 12210: 12148: 12095: 12045: 11875: 11814: 11757: 11593: 11538: 11495: 11308: 11277: 10904: 10845: 10768: 10721: 10627: 10588: 10502: 10451: 10351: 10258: 10159: 10116: 9962: 9854: 9727: 9580: 9451: 9395: 9352: 9311: 9267: 9212: 9146: 9091: 8994: 8944: 8903: 8614:"Operation Building Bright improves living environment of residents (with photos/video)" 8135: 7855: 7812: 7617: 7570: 7343: 7326: 7310: 7245: 7018: 6824: 6639: 6548: 6445: 6207: 3040:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

2038:

Atmospheric aerosols affect the climate of the Earth by changing the amount of incoming

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Haikerwal A, Akram M, Del Monaco A, Smith K, Sim MR, Meyer M, et al. (July 2015).

14255: 14230: 14186:"Racism turned their neighborhood into 'Cancer Alley.' Now they're dying from COVID-19" 14126: 14101: 14079: 14028: 13961: 13918: 13867: 13801: 13766: 13734: 13597: 13537: 13512: 13481: 13456: 13429: 13404: 13380: 13355: 13331: 13298: 13297:

Woodruff TJ, Parker JD, Darrow LA, Slama R, Bell ML, Choi H, et al. (April 2009).

13274: 13241: 13217: 13190: 13140: 13092: 13067: 13024: 12987: 12964: 12920: 12895: 12845: 12820: 12761: 12710: 12654: 12537: 12512: 12492: 12435: 12382: 12357: 12333: 12278: 12227: 12194: 12167: 12132: 11945: 11918: 11894: 11855: 11831: 11798: 11774: 11737: 11685: 11660: 11610: 11577: 11558: 11320: 11194: 11138: 11105: 11081: 11056: 10916: 10867: 10733: 10463: 10411: 10384: 10316: 10171: 10011: 9997: 9819: 9806: 9773: 9739: 9600: 9545: 9476: 9435: 9415: 9232: 9111: 9056: 8956: 8825:

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) webmaster@defra gsi gov uk.

8491: 8466: 8233: 8208: 8154: 8119: 7942: 7737: 7665: 7640: 7582: 7530: 7505: 7486: 7446: 7398: 7367: 7190: 7163: 7139: 7114: 7037: 7002: 6789: 6748: 6738: 6717: 6698: 6607: 6568: 6517: 6363: 6328: 6226: 6191: 5942: 5652: 5633: 3094: 2986: 2596: 2494: 2354: 2287: 2283: 1964: 1820: 1184: 1169: 1030: 791: 667: 429: 211: 151: 121: 70: 15799: 15463:"NASA and NIER study finds that 48% of particulate matter comes from outside S. Korea" 14509: 13949: 13083: 12836: 12599: 11398: 10141:"Constraining human contributions to observed warming since the pre-industrial period" 9970: 9588: 7889: 6647: 2617:

regions of the lung (alveoli), and very small particles (ultrafine particulate matter

2599:. When asthmatics are exposed to these conditions it can trigger bronchoconstriction. 1995: 21062: 20539: 20494: 20249: 20244: 20174: 20070: 19906: 19709: 19471: 19346: 19292: 19091: 19076: 18703: 18563: 18383: 18292: 18260: 18177: 18130: 18057: 18029: 17798: 17793: 17591: 17238: 17187: 16840: 16740: 16659: 16506: 16325: 16014: 15959: 15950: 15890: 15870: 15858: 15846: 15810: 15768: 15727:

Particulate matter from tobacco versus diesel car exhaust: an educational perspective

15713: 15701: 15372: 15360: 15326: 15307: 15299: 15026: 14669: 14650: 14464: 14407: 14362: 14313: 14260: 14131: 14083: 14032: 13953: 13910: 13871: 13859: 13806: 13738: 13726: 13602: 13542: 13486: 13434: 13385: 13336: 13279: 13222: 13097: 13029: 12968: 12925: 12850: 12799: 12753: 12718: 12646: 12603: 12542: 12496: 12484: 12439: 12427: 12387: 12337: 12325: 12282: 12270: 12232: 12172: 12109: 12057: 12002: 11973: 11950: 11899: 11836: 11779: 11690: 11615: 11550: 11507: 11324: 11221: 11198: 11186: 11143: 11125: 11086: 11006: 10516: 10482: 10467: 10416: 10365: 10308: 10175: 10015: 10001: 9811: 9793: 9743: 9592: 9549: 9523: 9503: 9481: 9463: 9407: 9364: 9335:

Ackerman AS, Toon OB, Stevens DE, Heymsfield AJ, Ramanathan V, Welton EJ (May 2000).

9103: 8960: 8865: 8496: 8238: 8159: 7934: 7867: 7824: 7722: 7670: 7586: 7535: 7490: 7476: 7438: 7403: 7348: 7265: 7257: 7195: 7164:"Generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during woodworking operations" 7144: 7042: 6896: 6793: 6753: 6702: 6690: 6651: 6611: 6572: 6560: 6521: 6509: 6368: 6350: 6231: 6136: 5732: 4326: 3505: 3448: 2667:, or DPM) are typically in the size range of 100 nanometers (0.1 micrometers). These 2564: 2449: 2070: 1871: 1669: 679: 602: 595: 549: 416: 206: 201: 111: 16160:

Current global map of the aerosol optical thickness of organic matter in green light

15909: 15842: 14419: 13965: 13922: 13722: 13144: 12765: 12658: 11765: 11562: 11546: 10920: 10871: 10737: 10320: 10242: 9419: 9252:"TRMM observed first direct evidence of smoke from forest fires inhibiting rainfall" 9236: 9115: 8264: 8207:

Schiffer, J. M.; Mael, L. E.; Prather, K. A.; Amaro, R. E.; Grassian, V. H. (2018).

8185: 8096: 7946: 7450: 7309:

Henneman L, Choirat C, Dedoussi I, Dominici F, Roberts J, Zigler C (November 2023).

7115:"Exposure to welding fumes is associated with acute systemic inflammatory responses" 6505: 4956: 1479:

wood smoke may be responsible for 60% of fine particle air pollution in the winter.

21006: 20761: 20756: 20339: 20045: 19943: 19938: 19933: 19850: 19426: 19421: 19396: 19195: 19168: 18647: 18548: 18506: 18474: 18368: 18322: 18282: 18189: 18157: 18125: 18110: 18094: 18069: 17854: 17808: 17514: 17395: 17345: 16927: 16447: 16421: 16002: 15979: 15942: 15938: 15838: 15758: 15750: 15721:

InsideEPA.com, Study Links Air Toxics To Heart Disease In Mice Amid EPA Controversy

15693: 15350: 15291: 14640: 14632: 14484:"What is 'smoke brain'? How air pollution can harm our cognition and mental health" 14454: 14446: 14397: 14352: 14303: 14295: 14250: 14242: 14161: 14121: 14113: 14071: 14020: 13945: 13902: 13851: 13796: 13786: 13718: 13592: 13584: 13532: 13524: 13476: 13468: 13424: 13416: 13375: 13367: 13326: 13318: 13269: 13261: 13212: 13202: 13132: 13087: 13079: 13019: 13011: 12960: 12915: 12907: 12840: 12832: 12791: 12745: 12706: 12702: 12638: 12595: 12583: 12532: 12524: 12476: 12419: 12377: 12369: 12317: 12262: 12222: 12214: 12162: 12152: 12099: 12049: 12010: 11940: 11930: 11889: 11879: 11826: 11818: 11769: 11761: 11680: 11672: 11605: 11601: 11597: 11542: 11499: 11312: 11178: 11133: 11117: 11076: 11068: 10998: 10908: 10857: 10849: 10799: 10772: 10725: 10631: 10592: 10506: 10455: 10406: 10396: 10355: 10298: 10262: 10197: 10163: 10120: 9993: 9966: 9909: 9858: 9823: 9801: 9785: 9731: 9584: 9535: 9471: 9455: 9399: 9356: 9315: 9271: 9224: 9216: 9181: 9150: 9095: 8998: 8948: 8907: 8857: 8486: 8478: 8393: 8228: 8220: 8149: 8139: 7926: 7859: 7816: 7779: 7732: 7714: 7660: 7652: 7621: 7602:"Particulates from mining operations: A review of sources, effects and regulations" 7574: 7525: 7517: 7468: 7430: 7393: 7383: 7338: 7330: 7249: 7229: 7185: 7175: 7134: 7126: 7032: 7022: 6832: 6828: 6781: 6743: 6733: 6682: 6643: 6599: 6552: 6501: 6449: 6358: 6340: 6221: 6211: 6172: 5873: 5791: 3525: 3521: 3457: 3443: 3183:

exposure during pregnancy is also associated with high blood pressure in children.

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form as sulfuric acid (liquid aerosol droplets) and nitric acid (atmospheric gas).

1636: 1632: 1628: 1574: 1538: 1516: 939: 836: 776: 662: 615: 564: 524: 499: 484: 466: 441: 381: 266: 216: 18833: 16182: 16164: 15243:"Call for action on pollution as emissions linked to respiratory illnesses double" 14993: 14914: 14331:

Reid CE, Considine EM, Watson GL, Telesca D, Pfister GG, Jerrett M (August 2019).

11316: 11072: 10612:"Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment" 9665: 9360: 9185: 8757:"Achievements in environmental pollution control on construction activities, 2004" 8729:"Management Regulations for Construction Project Air Pollution Control Facilities" 7213: 7027: 6670: 2567:

it will come to rest when inhaled. Larger particles are generally filtered in the

86: 21001: 20973: 20615: 20529: 20524: 20469: 20459: 20449: 20379: 20319: 20234: 20219: 20040: 20035: 20010: 20005: 19875: 19799: 19559: 19476: 19456: 19436: 19336: 19185: 18511: 18421: 18387: 18272: 18226: 18152: 18079: 17999: 17902: 17844: 17699: 17233: 16618: 16590: 16315: 15663: 15295: 15190: 14357: 14332: 13855: 13322: 13265: 12423: 12321: 12157: 12104: 12079: 12053: 11503: 11182: 10692: 10657: 9884: 9774:"Association between air pollution and low birth weight: a community-based study" 9735: 9672: 9099: 7863: 7820: 7625: 6809:"Ambient exposure to coarse and fine particle emissions from building demolition" 6785: 6556: 5917: 5736: 5487:

in Guangzhou and displays readings on its official website and social platforms.

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level of the first nine months of 2019 against that of 2022. Average levels of PM

3618: 3384:

conversions of diesel to natural gas combustion as well as improved regulations.

3234: 3136: 3102: 2936: 2506: 2180: 2039: 1546: 1476: 1303: 724: 684: 554: 519: 451: 391: 319: 256: 156: 15208:"The Cities Where Air Pollution Has Increased and Decreased the Most since 2019" 14380:

Haikerwal A, Akram M, Sim MR, Meyer M, Abramson MJ, Dennekamp M (January 2016).

12528: 11002: 7718: 6603: 4588:, home to the world's tallest building. In the bottom ten are three cities from 3944:

the standard for particulate matter is set nationally by the federal-provincial

2956: 1679:. The refractive index will determine how much light is scattered and absorbed. 20751: 20648: 20424: 20404: 20369: 20304: 20224: 20065: 20055: 19964: 19814: 19784: 19739: 19734: 19586: 19481: 19381: 19309: 19096: 18824: 18558: 18444: 18401: 18395: 18391: 18236: 18221: 18172: 18162: 18074: 17928: 17684: 17655: 17451: 16984: 16974: 16559: 16416: 16081: 15867:

Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles

14958:"Canadian Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) for Fine Particulate Matter (PM 14501: 12480: 11935: 11884: 11822: 10511: 10486: 10401: 10167: 8558:"DEVB - Press Releases: Operation Building Bright launched (with photos, 2009)" 8224: 8124:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

8070: 7709:

Chandrappa, R.; Chandra Kulshrestha, U. (2016). "Air Pollution and Disasters".

7656: 7578: 6722:) pollution during the burning of six most commonly used firecrackers in India" 6453: 6192:"Thoracic and respirable particle definitions for human health risk assessment" 5932: 5819: 5762: 5484: 5445: 4522:

is the only U.S. city in the top ten list, ranking tenth with levels of 4

4393: 4156:

In October 2008, the Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC), within the

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chronic bronchitis, and cardiovascular disease are increasing at a rapid rate.

3242: 3198:

has been associated with greater reductions in birth weight than exposure to PM

2967: 2625: 2475: 2467: 2389: 2251: 2218: 2052: 1941: 1846: 1804: 1793: 1593: 1456: 1299: 1286:(including activities of building rehabilitation/ refurbishment or demolition). 1042: 846: 746: 701: 694: 689: 446: 141: 16112: 16068:

Controlling construction dust with on-tool extraction (4 page PDF with photos)

15984: 15798:

Voiland, Adam. "Aerosols: Tiny Particles, Big Impact." NASA, 2 November 2010,

15697: 15355: 14075: 13906: 13420: 13136: 12642: 12218: 11167:

in the air of cities around the world: Are they representative of each other?"

10596: 10481:

Visioni, Daniele; Slessarev, Eric; MacMartin, Douglas G; Mahowald, Natalie M;

10201: 10124: 9540: 9500:

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics — From Air Pollution to Climate Change.

8912: 8288:"Scientists Find New Dangers in Tiny but Pervasive Particles in Air Pollution" 6968: 5628:

million tons of coal. The pollution control technology is in poor condition.

4183: 2065: 1441:, emitting particulates such as volcanic ash, desert dust, soot and sea salt. 21051: 20833: 20684: 20579: 20544: 20314: 20309: 20264: 20259: 20105: 20080: 20075: 20050: 20020: 19890: 19789: 19769: 19749: 19660: 19569: 19524: 19504: 19326: 19101: 18809: 18578: 18479: 18265: 18194: 17966: 17714: 17578: 17360: 17214: 17076: 16894: 16765: 16718: 16305: 16247: 15364: 15303: 14117: 13455:, Burnett RT, Thun MJ, Calle EE, Krewski D, Ito K, Thurston GD (March 2002). 13452: 12749: 12722: 12714: 11129: 10520: 10267: 9984:

Cohen, Shabtai; Stanhill, Gerald (1 January 2021), Letcher, Trevor M. (ed.),

9797: 9709:"Long-Term Effects of Acid Rain: Response and Recovery of a Forest Ecosystem" 9596: 9467: 8482: 8357: 7261: 6694: 6354: 6176: 5814: 5449: 4774: 3614: 3606: 3481: 3238: 3216: 2925: 2660: 2486: 2381: 2364: 2342: 2322: 2259: 2176: 1963:

To measure the atomic composition of particulate samples, techniques such as

1937: 1918:, and water truck), while other control measures employ the use of barriers. 1903:

prosecutions with a total fines of HKD$ 6000 in Hong Kong in the year 2021).

1729: 1597: 1398: 1366: 1346: 1204: 1188: 1154: 1125: 1025: 861: 351: 346: 341: 99: 16173: 16006: 15902:"70 years since the great London smog 1952, air quality in a modern context" 14299: 14149: 13791: 13588: 13472: 13242:"Ambient air pollution exposure and blood pressure changes during pregnancy" 11742:

pollution and Covid-19 mortality in Western Europe for the 2020–2022 period"

11338: 10360: 10335: 10303: 9459: 9403: 8419:"Effect Of Particulate Matter On Plants Climate, Ecosystem and Human Health" 8144: 7434: 7334: 7253: 7180: 7130: 6308:

Wasley, Andrew; Heal, Alexandra; Harvey, Fiona; Lainio, Mie (13 June 2019).

6216: 4271:(Ulaanbaatar), the capital city of Mongolia, is performing the best, with PM 3492:

In response to mounting public concern, the industry eventually created the

2521:

has been steadily shifting tropical rainfall in both hemispheres southward.

2372:

Once the problem became clear, the efforts to remove this pollution through

2103:

Particulates in the air causing shades of orange, yellow, pink, and grey in

1682:

The composition of particulate matter that generally causes visual effects,

1252:

Human activities generate significant amounts of particulates. For example:

21011: 20689: 20589: 20564: 20559: 20554: 20484: 20419: 20299: 20269: 20209: 20204: 20179: 20090: 19969: 19885: 19809: 19794: 19262: 19257: 19245: 19190: 18878: 18599: 18573: 18553: 18377: 18340: 18304: 17940: 17887: 17763: 17719: 17633: 17400: 17337: 17055: 16969: 16380: 15850: 15772: 15705: 15676:

Exposure and its possible role in Neurodegenerative and mental disorders".

15585:"The Dirtiest And Cleanest Cities In America (The Worst Will Surprise You)" 15415:

Consulate General of the United States of America Guangzhou, China (n.d.).

15311: 15222:"Mapped: New Survey Shows Air Pollution Changes In Cities Around The World" 14654: 14468: 14411: 14366: 14317: 14264: 14231:"California wildfires of 2008: coarse and fine particulate matter toxicity" 14165: 14135: 14036: 13957: 13914: 13863: 13810: 13730: 13606: 13546: 13490: 13389: 13340: 13299:"Methodological issues in studies of air pollution and reproductive health" 13283: 13226: 13101: 13033: 12929: 12854: 12757: 12650: 12607: 12546: 12488: 12431: 12391: 12329: 12274: 12248: 12246: 12236: 12176: 12113: 12061: 12014: 11954: 11903: 11840: 11783: 11694: 11619: 11554: 11511: 11190: 11147: 11090: 10959: 10420: 10369: 10312: 9485: 9411: 9368: 9107: 8500: 8443: 8242: 8163: 8120:"Nonequilibrium atmospheric secondary organic aerosol formation and growth" 7938: 7871: 7828: 7674: 7539: 7442: 7407: 7388: 7352: 7269: 7199: 7148: 7046: 6757: 6655: 6564: 6513: 6372: 6345: 6235: 5809: 5751: 5385: 5320: 5138: 4657: 3407: 3377: 3325: 3263: 2963: 2861:

Scanning electron microscopy of white asbestos with needle-like shape fibre

2656: 2614: 2479: 2459: 2428: 2417: 2172: 2159:(CCN). Droplets condensing around human-produced aerosols such as found in 1949: 1832: 1589: 1530: 1381: 1353: 1312: 1283: 1277: 1265: 894: 856: 841: 672: 637: 582: 301: 14024: 13438: 13371: 13207: 12972: 11010: 10803: 10382: 9815: 8869: 8845: 7521: 5555:(European Air Quality Index) during time slot in a city in Italy 2019–2020 2825:

Scanning electron microscopy of glass powder originated from glass bottles

2341:, and also contributed to heart and lung conditions and even the risk of 21021: 20663: 20620: 20594: 20534: 20514: 20509: 20384: 20344: 20329: 20274: 20199: 20169: 20164: 19980: 19845: 19764: 19376: 19331: 19200: 19173: 18536: 18531: 18216: 18211: 18182: 18147: 18120: 17650: 17071: 16732: 16713: 16651: 16475: 16067: 15957: 13165:"2009 Final Report: Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter" 13015: 12911: 12690: 11723:"Architectural Services Department - Capital Projects Under Construction" 10459: 9931:

Moses, Elizabeth; Cardenas, Beatriz; Seddon, Jessica (25 February 2020).

9863: 9838: 9789: 9524:"The evolution and dynamics of the Hunga Tonga plume in the stratosphere" 9276: 9251: 8952: 8397: 6490:

sulfate in Seoul, South Korea during winter and early spring (2017–2020)"

6310:"Revealed: UK government failing to tackle rise of serious air pollutant" 5834: 5624: 5565: 5441: 5398: 4148: 3453: 3333: 3237:– a hardening of the arteries that reduces elasticity, which can lead to 3132: 3106: 2929: 2676: 2358: 2326: 2279: 2255: 1609: 1601: 1578: 1430: 1392: 1322: 1257: 1147: 1093: 816: 514: 494: 131: 14636: 14246: 12243: 11676: 11291:

Nair, Abhilash T.; Mathew, Aneesh; a r, Archana; Akbar, M Abdul (2022).

10862: 9604: 9564: 9129:

Ackerman AS, Toon OB, Taylor JP, Johnson DW, Hobbs PV, Ferek RJ (2000).

8861: 7784: 7767: 7472: 6897:"Particulate matter emissions from activities of building refurbishment" 6686: 5499: 3552: 3489:, "deep into the lungs which would otherwise be removed in the throat". 3270:

respiratory diseases. After taking into account fine particle levels (PM

2878: 2531: 2086:

Average monthly aerosol amounts around the world, observations from the

1553:; other constituents of atmospheric sea salt reflect the composition of 20777: 20699: 20630: 20599: 20474: 20444: 20374: 20324: 20294: 20279: 20254: 20159: 19959: 19855: 19774: 19714: 19441: 18713: 18330: 17645: 17638: 17621: 17606: 17050: 16914: 16886: 14402: 14381: 12294: 12292: 12266: 12188: 12186: 12125: 12123: 12026: 12024: 10912: 10636: 10611: 9228: 8645:"Monitoring by Control Technique - Wet Scrubber For Particulate Matter" 6486:"Sulfur isotope-based source apportionment and control mechanisms of PM 6123:

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change

5858: 5800: 5796: 5746: 5727: 5605: 5060: 4761: 4268: 3497: 3486: 3428: 2955:

or even EAF dust (EAFD), while EFAD, slag and fly ash are likely to be

2672: 2592: 2568: 2514: 2377: 2314: 2275: 2201: 1915: 1911: 1885: 1876: 1647: 1612: 1426: 1289: 1261: 1241: 1234: 1158: 1136: 866: 622: 126: 56: 15022:"Log burners: What are the new rules and are they going to be banned?" 14040: 13528: 12073: 12071: 10853: 10776: 10193: 9320: 9295: 8385: 8257:"Primary and Secondary Sources of Aerosols: Primary biogenic aerosols" 7930: 5651:

In addition to stack emissions, another source unaccounted for in the

4321:

In Europe, the worst performing cities are located in Spain. They are

3309:

Air pollution may increase the risk of developmental disorders (e.g.,

2408:. Some are certain that they cool the planet, though, and this led to 43: 27:

Microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in the Earth's atmosphere

20736: 20414: 20409: 20359: 20334: 20189: 19985: 19564: 19210: 18642: 18594: 18568: 18516: 18350: 18312: 18062: 18052: 17724: 17586: 17561: 16582: 16516: 16493: 16046:

Pandemic planning: a review of respirator and mask protection levels.

15754: 15605:"An N95 Mask Is Your Best Defense Against Wildfire Smoke | Time" 15570: 15491:"Air pollution chokes Thailand as campaigners call for stricter laws" 14563:"Oil Industry Ghostwrites Trump's Deadly Anti-Environmental Policies" 14505: 13049:"Air pollution significantly raises risk of infertility, study finds" 12675:. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Archived from 11856:"SARS-CoV-2 test positivity rate in Reno, Nevada: Association with PM 10729: 9620:"Atmospheric Aerosols: What Are They, and Why Are They So Important?" 8209:"Sea Spray Aerosol: Where Marine Biology Meets Atmospheric Chemistry" 5912: 5863: 5767: 5714: 5472: 5190: 4852: 4515: 4322: 4076: 3318: 3291: 3090: 2518: 2490: 2432: 2338: 2228: 1660:(VOCs); organic material in the atmosphere may either be biogenic or 1585: 1570: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1438: 1434: 1388: 1359: 1245: 934: 889: 851: 801: 736: 642: 106: 78: 16117: 14450: 13639:"Mongolia: Ulaanbaatar Air Pollution Linked to Public Health Crisis" 12869:"Air pollution in Europe: These are the worst-hit cities to live in" 12581: 12373: 12289: 12195:"Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Causal or Confounded?" 12183: 12120: 12021: 11121: 10752: 10686:"The 1600 eruption of Huaynaputina in Peru caused global disruption" 10137: 9169: 9130: 6327:

Thangavel, Prakash; Park, Duckshin; Lee, Young-Chul (19 June 2022).

6286: 4448: 3174: 2869: 2691:(numerical quantity) / particle number concentration (PNC) instead. 2478:

has been linked to the suppression of evaporation of water from the

2139:(SSA), the ratio of scattering alone to scattering plus absorption ( 2135:. The interaction of an aerosol with radiation is quantified by the 2121:

Italian city polluted by particulates and optic air detector (laser)

1207:. There is no safe level of particulates. Worldwide, exposure to PM 20719: 20653: 20154: 19954: 19754: 19729: 19704: 18287: 18231: 17892: 17741: 17709: 17387: 16403: 16242: 16095: 16022: 15659:"Air pollution particles found on foetal side of placentas – study" 13621:"National Study Examines Health Risks of Coarse Particle Pollution" 13510: 13066:

Zhang M, Mueller NT, Wang H, Hong X, Appel LJ, Wang X (July 2018).

12562:"Revealed: air pollution may be damaging 'every organ in the body'" 12068: 11860:

during the 2020 wildfire smoke events in the western United States"

10753:"Monitoring the Mt. Pinatubo aerosol layer with NOAA/11 AVHRR data" 6869:"Building works responsible for 18% of UK large particle pollution" 5868: 5620: 5268: 5216: 4943: 4930: 4683: 4519: 3423: 3411: 3230: 3226: 3082: 3074: 3006: 2709: 2303: 2295: 1881: 1824: 1624: 1616: 1377: 1295: 1150: 1096: 306: 15881:

Air quality changes in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic.

14872:"FEATURE: Air pollution reason for concern: groups - Taipei Times" 14751:. Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong. 19 December 2012 11735: 10333: 8015:"How to choose the right wood for your wood heater - EPA Victoria" 6883:"Delhi's deadly dust: how construction sites are choking the city" 6403: 4474:, placed first in both 2019 and 2022. The second cleanest city is 4424:, Nebraska is performing the best and has a decrease of -1.1 20229: 19901: 19391: 19341: 18248: 17751: 17729: 17616: 17611: 16628: 16605: 16297: 16098:

with many illustrated useful tips on particle pollution control.

15627:"Best Practices for Indoor Air Quality when Remodeling Your Home" 14432: 11427:"Growing Importance of Slag Cement in the Global Cement Industry" 10533: 10480: 8356:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

7962:"Wood burning at home now biggest cause of UK particle pollution" 7694: 6999: 6333:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

5838: 5825:

List of least polluted cities by particulate matter concentration

5656: 5601: 5530: 5346: 5242: 5164: 5112: 4982: 4891: 4722: 4244: 3464: 3314: 3247: 3116: 2952: 2633: 2502: 2466:, leading to the deaths of two million, and the 1991 eruption of 2310: 2299: 1620: 1605: 1566: 1562: 1526: 1422: 1414: 1337: 1316: 1269: 1117: 1112: 13837: 12795: 12509: 11916: 10935:"Pollutants and Their Effect on the Water and Radiation Budgets" 10433: 10336:"Aerosol-cloud-climate cooling overestimated by ship-track data" 9933:"The Most Successful Air Pollution Treaty You've Never Heard Of" 8029:"How to light and maintain your wood heater fire - EPA Victoria" 6668: 6156:

Plainiotis S, Pericleous KA, Fisher BE, Shier L (January 2010).

5830:

List of most polluted cities by particulate matter concentration

3444:

Energy industry knowledge and response to adverse health effects

3336:

There is increasing evidence to suggest a correlation between PM

20906: 20658: 20464: 20214: 19215: 18652: 18632: 18526: 18201: 17694: 17428: 15820: 15787: 15589: 15226: 14670:"National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure" 14433:

DeFlorio-Barker S, Crooks J, Reyes J, Rappold AG (March 2019).

12894:

Laden, F; Neas, L M; Dockery, D W; Schwartz, J (October 2000).

12559: 12355: 12192: 10385:"Invisible ship tracks show large cloud sensitivity to aerosol" 10243:"Untangling causality in midlatitude aerosol–cloud adjustments" 10036:"Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists" 8659:"Monitoring by Control Technique - Electrostatic Precipitators" 7765: 7506:"Road dust and its effect on human health: a literature review" 7311:"Mortality risk from United States coal electricity generation" 7308: 6847:"Emissions of air pollutants in the UK – Particulate matter (PM 6155: 5568:

has the worst air pollution among the developed nations in the

5294: 5125: 5086: 5021: 4878: 4839: 4826: 4670: 4644: 4565: 4366: 4295: 3941: 3310: 3143: 3086: 3010: 2932:

may contain more toxic substances than other types of burning.

2572: 2405: 2306:

and other natural combustion events, but in the recent decades

2231: 2127: 2104: 1373: 1200: 1129: 1100: 944: 924: 831: 821: 529: 19682: 15910:"A Major Source of Air Pollution: Farms - The Earth Institute" 15443:"Armed With NASA Data, South Korea Confronts Its Choking Smog" 15076:. Department of Toxic Substances Control. 2008. Archived from 15055:. Department of Toxic Substances Control. 2008. Archived from 14915:"Environmental Protection Agency – Particulate Matter (PM-10)" 14284:) Exposure During Wildfires on Cardiovascular Health Outcomes" 14150:"Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report" 13763: 13114: 11160: 10566: 9521: 9028: 8979:"The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds" 8071:"GMAO - Global Modeling and Assimilation Office Research Site" 5471:

To monitor the air quality of south China, the U.S. Consulate

3471:

and elsewhere against clean air regulation and launched major

3146:

during 2005. and 3.22 million deaths globally in 2010 per the

1306:

used, emission from the production of building materials, etc.

20921: 20354: 18662: 18604: 17945: 17877: 17775: 17667: 17314: 16706: 16697: 16168: 14817: 14667: 14595:"Health and Environmental Effects of Particulate Matter (PM)" 14277: 13884: 13356:"Fetal origins of adult disease: epidemiology and mechanisms" 12620: 9334: 9170:"The Effect of Smoke Particles on Clouds and Climate Forcing" 7708: 7226: 5843: 5741: 5589: 5412: 5359: 5333: 5307: 5281: 5255: 5229: 5177: 5099: 5073: 5047: 5034: 4995: 4969: 4917: 4904: 4865: 4813: 4800: 4787: 4748: 4696: 4589: 4585: 4518:. They are Hobart, Wollongong, Launceston, Sydney and Perth. 4475: 4421: 4397: 3432: 3139: 3127:

Increased levels of fine particles in the air as a result of

2944: 2911: 2637: 2536: 2397: 2271: 2267: 2152: 1534: 1410: 1406: 954: 899: 291: 17530: 15924: 15571:"City Rankings, State of the Air, American Lung Association" 13559: 11864:

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology

11853: 11377:"Hong Kong Housing Authority - Environmental Report 2020/21" 9035:

Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing

9030: 8715:"Delhi Govt To Impose Fines On Violation Of Anti-Dust Norms" 7690:"Harmful soot unchecked as Big Oil battles EPA over testing" 7161: 4592:, Muzaffarnagar, Delhi and New Delhi. Here is a list of the 2155:

droplets form onto pre-existing aerosol particles, known as

20429: 20349: 18637: 17758: 17746: 17662: 17224: 17042: 16208:

Precision Environmental Health's role in preventing disease

16063:

Control of dust from construction and demolition activities

15960:"Aerosol optical depth regime over megacities of the world" 15737:

Hunt, A.; Abraham, J. L.; Judson, B.; Berry, C. L. (2003).

14727:"Air Quality Standards – Environment – European Commission" 12781: 12735: 12129: 11353:"Hong Kong Housing Authority Sustainability Report 2012/13" 10830: 10674:

Andrea Thompson, "Volcano in 1600 caused global disruption"

10570:"Cross-Working Group Box SRM: Solar Radiation Modification" 10536:"Costs and benefits of geo-engineering in the Stratosphere" 10039: 9686:"Effects of Acid Rain - Surface Waters and Aquatic Animals" 9155:

10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2684:EOAOCA>2.0.CO;2

9004:

10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<1149:TIOPOT>2.0.CO;2

8383: 7713:. Environmental Science and Engineering. pp. 325–343. 5782: 5573: 5569: 5151: 4735: 2940: 2668: 2576: 2510: 2444: 2393: 2318: 2184: 2164: 2132: 1851: 1796: 1683: 1640: 1343:

Agricultural activities (e.g., ploughing and soil tilling).

1273: 1173: 929: 176: 171: 136: 15995:"Air pollution helps wildfires create their own lightning" 14330: 12030: 10975:

Region 4: Laboratory and Field Operations – PM 2.5 (2008).

10098:"Weather and Climate Extreme Events in a Changing Climate" 9221:

10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2707:DSIST>2.0.CO;2

7096:"Dusty Material - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics" 4514:

since 2019. Of the top ten cleanest cities, five are from

3250:

formation, antibiotic tolerance, and colonisation of both

2591:) can penetrate the deepest part of the lungs such as the 2099: 1639:); in the absence of ammonia, secondary compounds take an 17310: 15447: 13296: 11658: 10240: 10094: 9128: 9077: 8001:"How to choose and maintain a wood heater - EPA Victoria" 6189: 5805: 5644:

annual mean levels are 14 times higher than recommended.

3598: 3456:

use in power plants exceed those caused by production of

3380:

in the general public, the cause of 7.4% of all attacks.

3210: 3061:

Deaths from air pollution compared to other common causes

2350: 2349:. Sulfate pollution also has a complex relationship with 15168:. Department of Toxic Substances Control. Archived from 15134:"Contact List for CNT January 22 & 26 2009 Document" 14574:

Hogan CM (2010). Emily Monosson and C. Cleveland (ed.).

13935: 13673:"Suicide rates rise as air quality worsens, study finds" 12985: 12893: 11103: 9902:"Air Emissions Trends – Continued Progress Through 2005" 9878:

Clean Air Act Reduces Acid Rain In Eastern United States

9381: 9198: 8827:"Particle Numbers and Concentrations Network- Defra, UK" 8743:"Revised GRAP to deal with adverse air quality scenario" 8206: 8117: 8057:"Simulating the Transport of Aerosols with GEOS-5, GMAO" 7599: 7420: 5640:

level is 20 μg/m, which means that Ulaanbaatar's PM

3636: 2482:

due to the semi-direct effect of anthropogenic aerosol.

1475:

were introduced since 2021. In some towns and cities in

1362:

from tyre and road wear and road dust from unpaved road.

14494: 10707: 8843: 7113:

Kim JY, Chen JC, Boyce PD, Christiani DC (March 2005).

6379: 6190:

Brown JS, Gordon T, Price O, Asgharian B (April 2013).

2998: 1713: 15736: 14379: 14099: 13887:

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A

13767:"Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain" 13508:

Limit Festering: New Study Linked PM with Heart Attack

13239: 12623:

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A

11264:"Stench from burning metal-waste ship blows across HK" 11034:"Pollution Particles Lead to Higher Heart Attack Risk" 8824: 8530:"Integrated Building Rehabilitation Assistance Scheme" 8089:"Primary and Secondary Sources of Aerosols: Soil dust" 7559:

International Journal of Coal Science & Technology

7112: 6770: 6716:

Shah R, Limaye S, Ujagare D, Madas S, Salvi S (2019).

6715: 6681:(5). Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research: 220412. 6307: 3313:), neurodegenerative disorders, mental disorders, and 3281: 2563:

Particle size is the main determinant of where in the

2509:

have led some scientists to conclude that the aerosol

2317:

of fossil fuels with a high sulfur content, primarily

1459:

domestic combustion is the largest single source of PM

16198:

Sources of Respirable and Fine Suspended Particulates

14510:"What are the safest and cleanest sources of energy?" 14228: 10281: 10216:"Behind the Forecast: How clouds affect temperatures" 8882: 8178:"Primary and Secondary Sources of Aerosols: Sea salt" 7465:

Non-exhaust Particulate Emissions from Road Transport

3536:

showing the deadly effects of air pollution and have

2553: 2471:

particles showed little influence at present levels.

1708:

intermingling. Gray: the sensor did not collect data.

1444: 1237:

during home broadband installation, Tai Po, Hong Kong

1183:. Particulates are the most harmful form (other than 15068: 15066: 13696: 13451: 13065: 12298: 12077: 11236:"The dangers of a scrap yard fire in your community" 10750: 9945: 9707:

Likens, G. E.; Driscoll, C. T.; Buso, D. C. (1996).

7987:"Wood burning heaters and your health - Fact sheets" 3972:, which include limits for particulates in the air: 2549:

Health and environmental impact of the coal industry

18863: 14618: 14582:. National Council for Science and the Environment. 14530: 14528: 12979: 12818: 9930: 9772:Wang, X.; Ding, H.; Ryan, L.; Xu, X. (1 May 1997). 8384:Goswami A, Barman J, Rajput K, Lakhlani HN (2013). 4208:

in the air in 2019 and 2022 among 70 capital cities

3414:, and faults a history of racism for this outcome. 2453:

Solar radiation reduction due to volcanic eruptions

1990:

may be too technical for most readers to understand

1387:Disasters (both natural or caused by humans, e.g., 16118:SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol Mechanisms, The Aerosol Society 15477:"China, South Korea build environment cooperation" 14668:Department of the Environment (25 February 2016). 11290: 10988: 9706: 9675:. Epa.gov (June 2, 2006). Retrieved on 2013-02-09. 9053:IPCC Third Assessment Report – Climate Change 2001 8771:"Particulate Matter in the United Kingdom Summary" 7078:"Proper Covering of Dusty Material on Dump Trucks" 6970:Scoop, pollution at Yau Tong Cement batching plant 6165:International Journal of Environment and Pollution 6120: 3452:Deaths caused by accidents and air pollution from 1799:effect: without (outdoor) and with filter (indoor) 1646:Secondary sulfate and nitrate aerosols are strong 1233:Particulate emission when using modern electrical 15671: 15639:"Examples of how to manage dust in the workplace" 15417:"U.S. Consulate Air Quality Monitor and StateAir" 15324: 15063: 12003:Preventing Silicosis and Deaths From Sandblasting 11055:Araujo, Jesus A.; et al. (17 January 2008). 10816:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 10676:, NBC News, 5 May 2008, accessed 13 November 2010 10066:"A bright sun today? It's down to the atmosphere" 8763: 8513: 7600:Petavratzi, E.; Kingman, S.; Lowndes, I. (2005). 6585: 6534: 3175:Infertility, pregnancy, fetuses and birth defects 2870:Composition, quantity, and duration are important 2333:natural emissions of sulfur-containing compounds 21049: 15041:Air Quality Trends - How to Interpret the Graphs 14525: 14229:Wegesser TC, Pinkerton KE, Last JA (June 2009). 12942: 11575: 11036:. Bloomberg L.P. 17 January 2008. Archived from 9432: 7214:"Woodworking health topics - Inhaling wood dust" 6326: 4400:, Florida are the two cities with the highest PM 3946:Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment 2997:he is exposed to and for how long, and also the 1722: 14887: 14885: 14721: 14719: 13771:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 13405:"The fetal and infant origins of adult disease" 12695:Journal of the American Statistical Association 12577: 12575: 11524: 10890: 9563:Charlson, Robert J.; Wigley, Tom M. L. (1994). 9293: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9016: 9014: 6624: 6183: 5706:) in the U.S. while the East Coast is cleaner. 4568:in Pakistan is the second worst with 98.1 4298:in Saudi Arabia is performing the worst with PM 4224:figure into micrograms per cubic meter of air ( 3956:standards will increase in stringency in 2020. 3324:Particulates also appear to have a role in the 2989:. Possible secondary contamination, similar to 2353:pollution and ozone, reducing the also harmful 2278:growth and coagulation and then shrink through 15202: 15200: 15198: 14852:. Environmental Protection Administration, ROC 13188: 12453: 12451: 12449: 10534:Andrew Charlton-Perez & Eleanor Highwood. 10088: 9771: 9649:Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment 9562: 9492: 9289: 9287: 8972: 8970: 8930: 8926: 8924: 8701:"Pollution Problems & Practical Solutions" 7841: 7798: 7368:"A Review of Recent Advances in Research on PM 6483: 6118: 4369:, the capital city of North Macedonia, with PM 3117:Anthropogenic fine particulates as main hazard 2810:Scanning electronic microscopy of particulates 2489:and major increases since 1967 in rainfall in 1843:requiring frequent shutdowns for maintenance. 1172:, with a diameter of 100 nm or less; and 19668: 18849: 17546: 16228: 15240: 15234: 14994:"Burn better: Making changes for cleaner air" 14561:Union of Concerned Scientists, 27 April 2020 14205:"How Smoke from Fires Can Affect Your Health" 14184:Jervis, Rick; Gomez, Alan (12 October 2020). 13353: 12457: 10886: 10884: 10560: 10182: 9983: 9661: 9659: 9657: 9167: 8844:Gilfrich, J; Burkhalter, P; Birks, L (1973). 8464: 4086:United States Environmental Protection Agency 2088:Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer 1581:and sugars, which influence their chemistry. 1401:(gaining attention as a type of airborne PM). 1062: 16023:"The Weight of Numbers: Air Pollution and PM 14882: 14716: 14500: 12777: 12775: 12673:"Air Pollution & Cardiovascular Disease" 12572: 12513:"Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases" 12461:Environmental Science and Pollution Research 12405: 12403: 12401: 11481: 11161:De Jesus, Alma Lorelei; et al. 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Organic matter influences the atmospheric 1623:, secondary aerosols often take the form of 15269: 15195: 15183:Chemical Information Call-in: Nanomaterials 14183: 12446: 12351: 12349: 12347: 9678: 9284: 8967: 8921: 8837: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8308: 7753:"Sand, Dust and Particulates Public Health" 7638: 7296:"Dust advice for businesses - EPA Victoria" 6806: 6016:referred to as Suspended Particulate Matter 4247:, Iraq is the worst performing one, with PM 3526:lobbying and corporate propaganda campaigns 1132:, in ways additional to direct inhalation. 20435:High efficiency glandless circulating pump 19684:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning 19675: 19661: 18856: 18842: 17553: 17539: 16235: 16221: 15656: 15419:. U.S. Department of State. Archived from 13195:Journal of Environmental and Public Health 13189:Erickson AC, Arbour L (26 November 2014). 13046: 12689: 12007:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 10881: 10824: 10751:Stowe LL, Carey RM, Pellegrino PP (1992). 10664:, 25 April 2008, accessed 13 November 2010 9654: 9337:"Reduction of tropical cloudiness by soot" 7959: 7887: 7687: 7503: 7366:Lin Y, Zou J, Yang W, Li CQ (March 2018). 4365:respectively. The best performing city is 4243:Among the 70 capital cities investigated, 4158:California Environmental Protection Agency 3518:Center for International Environmental Law 1168:, with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less; 1069: 1055: 85: 19367:Environmental issues in the United States 16183:Pollution Facts by Air Quality Life Index 15983: 15762: 15354: 14644: 14458: 14401: 14356: 14307: 14288:Journal of the American Heart Association 14254: 14125: 13800: 13790: 13596: 13536: 13480: 13428: 13379: 13330: 13273: 13216: 13206: 13091: 13023: 12919: 12844: 12788:and ozone concentrations in Europe (2005) 12772: 12536: 12398: 12381: 12226: 12166: 12156: 12103: 11944: 11934: 11893: 11883: 11830: 11773: 11684: 11609: 11576:Ren, J.; Tang, M.; Novoselac, A. (2022). 11395:"Cement industry news from Global Cement" 11137: 11080: 10861: 10635: 10510: 10410: 10400: 10359: 10302: 10266: 9862: 9805: 9637: 9539: 9517: 9515: 9475: 9319: 9275: 9249: 9002: 8911: 8876: 8792: 8625: 8623: 8490: 8465:Chen, J.; Jiang, Z. 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Particulates are the deadliest form of 3089:, lung cancer, respiratory diseases like 2207: 2045:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2018:Learn how and when to remove this message 2002:, without removing the technical details. 1946:tapered element oscillating microbalances 1714:§ Size, shape, and solubility matter 1584:Some secondary particles derive from the 1161:(μm) or less; fine particles, designated 32:Particle § Distribution of particles 20869:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation 19352:Effects of climate change on agriculture 16082:What is Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV)? 15657:Carrington, Damian (17 September 2019). 13654:"How humans could live two years longer" 13651: 12344: 11518: 11469:"Welding - Fumes And Gases, OSH Answers" 10953:"Australian rainfall and Asian aerosols" 10783: 10651:"1600 Eruption Caused Global Disruption" 10644: 9645:Chapter 1: Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols 9296:"Radiative forcing and climate response" 8341: 8339: 8305: 8286:Barringer, Felicity (18 February 2012). 6807:Azarmi, Farhad; Kumar, Prashant (2016). 6434:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 6247: 6245: 6100:3-year average of annual 98th percentile 5546: 5529: 4199: 4182: 4147: 4075: 3543: 3530:appointed to senior government positions 3447: 3427:more toxic to human lungs, as increased 3351:and fine particulate matter (known as PM 3064: 3056: 2910: 2530: 2448: 2363: 2274:), which are then thought to experience 2110: 2098: 2076: 2064: 2029: 1856: 1782: 1697: 1490: 1395:, wars, and September 11 attacks, etc.). 1240: 1219: 42: 18694:Pollutant release and transfer register 16113:NASA's Earth Minute: My Name is Aerosol 15166:"Archived DTSC Nanotechnology Symposia" 15074:"Chemical Information Call-In web page" 14777:. Kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp. Archived from 13354:Byrne CD, Phillips DI (November 2000). 13047:Carrington, Damian (17 February 2021). 12729: 11475: 10789: 10207: 7960:Carrington, Damian (16 February 2021). 6929:"GovHK: Green Tips for Home Renovation" 3625:, the lung cancer rate rose 22%. For PM 3156:standard metropolitan statistical areas 2652:in the gas exchange regions (alveoli). 1744: 1116:commonly refers to the particulate/air 14: 21050: 19357:Effects of climate change on livestock 14592: 14280:"Impact of Fine Particulate Matter (PM 14202: 14179: 14177: 14175: 14095: 14093: 14010: 14006: 14004: 13670: 13402: 13158: 13156: 13154: 12252: 11796: 11054: 10991:American Review of Respiratory Disease 10792:"Earth Not So Hot Thanks to Volcanoes" 10213: 9871: 9512: 9440:Environmental Science & Technology 8976: 8898:(6). Copernicus Programme: 2295–2327. 8620: 8325:. The World Bank. 2010. Archived from 8279: 7916: 7552: 7234:Environmental Science & Technology 6251: 5463:Pollution_in_China § Particulates 4098:National Ambient Air Quality Standards 3417: 3211:Cardiovascular and respiratory disease 3148:global burden of disease collaboration 2837:Scanning electron microscopy of cement 20742:Programmable communicating thermostat 19656: 18837: 17534: 16216: 15992: 15556:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 15008:"Guidance for wood burning in London" 14573: 14520:from the original on 15 January 2024. 14481: 13445: 12683: 10979:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 9753:from the original on 24 December 2012 9617: 9565:"Sulfate Aerosol and Climatic Change" 8516:"The Encyclopedia of Dust Collection" 8336: 7768:"WarImpact on Air Quality in Ukraine" 7639:Jeong H, Choi JY, Ra K (March 2021). 6921: 6479: 6477: 6242: 6127:(2nd ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: 5923:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3637:Limits / standards set by governments 3508:of the oil and gas industry, and the 3387: 2535:Air pollution measurement station in 2321:and certain less-refined fuels, like 2000:make it understandable to non-experts 1372:Various industrial processes such as 20864:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing 19611: 19467:Tropical cyclones and climate change 18784: 18025:Electromagnetic radiation and health 15884:Science of the Total Environment 742 15800:Aerosols: Tiny Particles, Big Impact 15331:datasets from 1960 to 2020 in China" 15098: 14612: 14586: 13878: 13652:Matthews, Dylan (27 December 2021). 13117:Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 12812: 12782:European Environment Agency (2009). 12199:Current Environmental Health Reports 11989:"Silicosis, OSH Answers Fact Sheets" 11746:The Science of the Total Environment 10609: 10214:Andrew, Tawana (27 September 2019). 9906:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 8448:filters and why are they effective?" 8261:Climate Change 2001: Working Group 1 8182:Climate Change 2001: Working Group 1 8093:Climate Change 2001: Working Group 1 7888:Hardin M, Kahn R (2 November 2010). 7711:Sustainable Air Pollution Management 6917:(in Traditional Chinese). June 2024. 6903: 5928:Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction 5494: 4447:The cleanest city in this report is 4107: 3693:No. of exceedances allowed per year 3547: 3020: 2873: 2286:(typically produced via atmospheric 2060: 1974: 1693: 19500:Alternative fuel vehicle propulsion 18800: 18792: 17883:Radium and radon in the environment 16688:Tropical depression local statement 16204:from original on 21 September 2024. 14937:"WHO global air quality guidelines" 14836:"미세먼지 환경기준 선진국 수준 강화...'나쁨' 4배 늘 듯" 14172: 14090: 14001: 13671:Symons, Angela (15 December 2022). 13151: 11709:"10-year Hospital Development Plan" 10096:N.; Chen, Y.; Goldfarb, L. (eds.). 9950:Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 9836: 9666:Effects of Acid Rain – Human Health 9611: 9201:Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 9135:Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 9049:"6.7.8 Discussion of Uncertainties" 8983:Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 8514:Dominick DalSanto (February 2011). 8111: 5692:U.S. counties violating national PM 5676:U.S. counties violating national PM 4538:, with a tiny increase since 2019. 3394:linking race to increased proximity 3282:Cognitive hazards and mental health 2051:While the radiative forcing due to 1577:may contain organic compounds like 1472: 1124:. They have impacts on climate and 297:Radium and radon in the environment 24: 20725:Minimum efficiency reporting value 16096:Hong Kong Construction Association 16092:Environmental Toolbox Training Kit 16087:Welding fume: protect your workers 15614: 14704:from the original on 30 April 2013 12965:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1987.tb00482.x 12409: 9998:10.1016/b978-0-12-821575-3.00032-3 9294:Hansen J, Sato M, Ruedy R (1997). 8043:"Smoke and the law - EPA Victoria" 7688:McLaughlin, Tim (6 January 2022). 7276:from the original on 28 April 2023 6739:10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_440_18 6474: 5961:suspended particulate matter (SPM) 5662: 3367: 3016: 2915:Worker in a cloud of concrete dust 2554:Size, shape, and solubility matter 2090:(MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite. 1970: 1537:and other material blown from the 1505:Red/orange: desert (mineral) dust 1445:Domestic combustion and wood smoke 25: 21104: 20767:Standard temperature and pressure 20480:Packaged terminal air conditioner 20016:Passive daytime radiative cooling 19745:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle 19147:pharmaceuticals and personal care 16051: 15964:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15743:Environmental Health Perspectives 15519:"Ambient (outdoor) air pollution" 14672:. Federal Register of Legislation 14625:Environmental Health Perspectives 14439:Environmental Health Perspectives 14235:Environmental Health Perspectives 14154:Environmental Health Perspectives 14106:American Journal of Public Health 13162: 13084:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10944 12900:Environmental Health Perspectives 12362:Environmental Health Perspectives 11665:Environmental Health Perspectives 11278:"Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Slag" 11110:Environmental Health Perspectives 10247:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9778:Environmental Health Perspectives 9589:10.1038/scientificamerican0294-48 9528:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8347:"Aerosol Size, Earth Observatory" 6648:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.159 6392:. Health Effects Institute. 2018. 4195: 4058: 3959: 3302:Neuroplastic effects of pollution 3225:leads to high plaque deposits in 2524: 2250:, which are mainly produced when 2175:effect, First indirect effect or 1179:Airborne particulate matter is a 19836:Absorption-compression heat pump 19622: 19621: 19610: 19298:decline in amphibian populations 19003:Deforestation and climate change 18818: 18808: 18799: 18791: 18783: 18771: 18770: 16194:from original on 5 January 2014. 16188:Health Effects of Air Pollutants 15597: 15577: 15563: 15543: 15529: 15511: 15497: 15483: 15469: 15455: 15435: 15408: 15379: 15318: 15263: 15214: 15176: 15158: 15126: 15092: 15045: 15034: 15014: 15000: 14986: 14950: 14929: 14907: 14864: 14842: 14828: 14810: 14793: 14763: 14741: 14684: 14661: 14567: 14555: 14543: 14475: 14426: 14373: 14324: 14271: 14222: 14203:US EPA, OAR (12 November 2018). 14196: 14142: 14047: 13973: 13929: 13831: 13817: 13757: 13703:Science of the Total Environment 13690: 13664: 13645: 13631: 13613: 13553: 13497: 13396: 13347: 13290: 13233: 13182: 13108: 13059: 13040: 12936: 12887: 12861: 12665: 12614: 12553: 12503: 11995: 11981: 11961: 11910: 11847: 11790: 11729: 11715: 11701: 11652: 11634:"地盤工滿身泥衣鞋入茶餐廳網民批成身水泥累慘清潔工：做死阿姐" 11626: 11569: 11461: 11447: 11433: 11419: 11405: 11387: 11369: 11345: 11331: 11284: 11270: 11256: 11242: 11228: 11214: 11205: 11154: 11097: 11048: 11026: 11017: 10982: 10969: 10945: 10927: 10744: 10701: 10679: 10667: 10603: 10527: 10485:; Xia, Lili (1 September 2020). 10427: 10376: 10327: 10275: 10234: 10131: 10076:from the original on 20 May 2017 10058: 10028: 9977: 9939: 9924: 9894: 9830: 9765: 9700: 9556: 9426: 9375: 9328: 9243: 9192: 9161: 9122: 9071: 9041: 8800:"Condensation particle counters" 8351: 6675:Aerosol and Air Quality Research 6494:Science of the Total Environment 6254:"Particulate Matter (PM) Basics" 6094: 6085: 6076: 6067: 6058: 6045: 6032: 6019: 6006: 5997: 5984: 5971: 5685: 5669: 5498: 5405: 5378: 5352: 5326: 5300: 5274: 5248: 5222: 5196: 5170: 5144: 5118: 5092: 5066: 5040: 5014: 4988: 4962: 4936: 4910: 4884: 4858: 4832: 4806: 4780: 4754: 4728: 4702: 4676: 4650: 4112: 4071: 3892: 3876: 3854: 3832: 3826: 3763: 3750: 3728: 3633:, the lung cancer rate rose 9%. 3551: 3025: 2877: 2854: 2842: 2830: 2818: 2636:as they are filtered out by the 1979: 1525:The composition and toxicity of 1089: 1036: 1024: 20731:Normal temperature and pressure 20111:Vapor-compression refrigeration 19432:Land surface effects on climate 18889:Environmental impact assessment 18865:Human impact on the environment 17597:Atmospheric dispersion modeling 15843:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141267 14692:"Ambient air quality standards" 14056:The European Physical Journal C 13723:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134721 11766:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157579 11547:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.315 10042:. 15 March 2007. 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To tackle the problem 117:Atmospheric dispersion modeling 61:Environmental Protection Agency 16683:Tropical storm local statement 16077:Dust control - Hilti Hong Kong 15943:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119240 15788:"Particulate Pollution Course" 15241:Oliver Milman (1 April 2015). 12707:10.1080/01621459.1973.10482421 12255:Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 11602:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108580 10977:PM 2.5 Objectives and History. 10491:Environmental Research Letters 9992:, Elsevier, pp. 687–709, 9990:Climate Change (Third Edition) 9168:Kaufman YJ, Fraser RS (1997). 8804:Center for Atmospheric Science 8371:"An American Aerosol in Paris" 6833:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.029 6396: 6320: 6301: 6271: 6149: 6112: 5949: 5615: 5559: 4373:levels dropping by -12.4 4275:levels dropping by -23.4 4088:(EPA) has set standards for PM 3105:, making it the fifth leading 2632:penetrate no further than the 2613:) tends to penetrate into the 2384:received by the Earth and its 2194: 1921: 1486: 1086:atmospheric particulate matter 986:Least polluted cities by PM2.5 13: 1: 20879:Testing, adjusting, balancing 20823:Building information modeling 20818:Building services engineering 20395:Ground-coupled heat exchanger 19923:Demand controlled ventilation 19871:Building insulation materials 19303:decline in insect populations 18085:Electrical resistance heating 17560: 16102:from original on 3 July 2023. 16073:Beware of dust - Hilti Canada 15731:Tobacco Control 13, S.219–221 14593:US EPA, OAR (26 April 2016). 14482:Jiang, Kevin (27 June 2023). 13950:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62296-9 13360:Journal of Clinical Pathology 12837:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61766-8 12600:10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70279-1 12412:Current Opinion in Psychology 11317:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134282 11297:Journal of Cleaner Production 11073:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.164970 10790:Perkins, Sid (4 March 2013). 9971:10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00241-0 9908:. 8 July 2014. 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April 2014 8263:. UNEP. 2001. Archived from 8184:. UNEP. 2001. Archived from 8095:. UNEP. 2001. Archived from 7864:10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.024 7821:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107151 7626:10.1016/j.mineng.2005.06.017 7061:"Cut down construction dust" 6786:10.1016/j.fuproc.2023.107674 6592:Materials Today: Proceedings 6557:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118907 6082:annual limit removed in 2006 5891:Health effects of pesticides 5431: 4302:levels going up +111.1 4130:Last update: 22 January 2009 4030:Particles less than 10μm (PM 3502:American Petroleum Institute 3431:infiltrate, cell influx and 3171:-related illness and death. 2438: 2402:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report 2227:Sulfate aerosols are mostly 1823:), fabric filter collectors 1751:Deposition (aerosol physics) 1533:tends to be made of mineral 1451:Health effects of wood smoke 1340:(frying, boiling, grilling). 1128:that adversely affect human 167:Persistent organic pollutant 7: 20783:Thermostatic radiator valve 20585:Thermostatic radiator valve 20096:Underfloor air distribution 20031:Radiant heating and cooling 19949:Energy recovery ventilation 19861:Automobile air conditioning 19725:Domestic energy consumption 18747:Least polluted cities by PM 17248:Major hurricane-force winds 15327:"Reconstructing 6-hourly PM 14062:(4): 665–666. August 2002. 13981:"Resources and Information" 13403:Barker DJ (November 1990). 12988:"Nationwide and Regional PM 12529:10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.042 11163:"Ultrafine particles and PM 10220:Science Behind the Forecast 9618:Allen, Bob (6 April 2015). 7719:10.1007/978-3-319-21596-9_8 7504:Khan RK, Strand MA (2018). 6604:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.686 6042:limit since 4 December 2006 5759:(Cloud condensation nuclei) 5720: 5595: 4404:level increases (+1.8 4251:levels going up +31.6 4178: 3970:European emission standards 3534:revised scientific findings 3532:in the United States, have 3296:Substance-induced psychosis 3093:, cardiovascular disease, 2999:size, shape, and solubility 2679:adsorbed on their surface. 2545:Health effects of wood dust 2464:Russian famine of 1601–1603 2146: 1897: 1837:electrostatic precipitators 1619:origin. In the presence of 1573:, and others. In addition, 10: 21109: 20932:Institute of Refrigeration 20813:Architectural technologist 20285:Electrostatic precipitator 18689:Pollution haven hypothesis 18612:Brain health and pollution 17850:Ecological light pollution 17680:Internal combustion engine 17140:Heavy freezing spray watch 16244:Severe weather terminology 15099:Wong J (22 January 2009), 13874:– via ScienceDirect. 13569:Environmental Microbiology 12481:10.1007/s11356-021-12357-3 11936:10.1038/s41598-021-85751-z 11885:10.1038/s41370-021-00366-w 11823:10.1038/s41598-022-17215-x 11640:(in Chinese). 20 July 2023 10402:10.1038/s41586-022-05122-0 10168:10.1038/s41558-020-00965-9 9502:John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 8806:. University of Manchester 8390:SAE Technical Paper Series 8225:10.1021/acscentsci.8b00674 7657:10.1038/s41598-021-86698-x 7579:10.1007/s40789-021-00412-w 6989:. HK: Oriental Daily News. 6774:Fuel Processing Technology 6454:10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.019 5994:limit since 1 January 2015 5981:limit since 1 January 2005 5886:Health effects of coal ash 5854:Occupational dust exposure 5460: 3979:European Air Quality Index 3399:racial housing segregation 3299: 3285: 3214: 3120: 2542: 2442: 2392:) began to reverse in the 2313:aerosols produced through 2216: 2212: 1925: 1808: 1802: 1773: 1754: 1748: 1711: 1658:volatile organic compounds 1521:Particulate organic matter 1514: 1448: 1405:Some types of dust, e.g., 1215: 29: 20994: 20985:Volatile organic compound 20960: 20887: 20844:Environmental engineering 20808:Architectural engineering 20791: 20639: 20610:Ultra-low particulate air 20195:Automatic balancing valve 20142: 20123:Variable refrigerant flow 19975:Heat recovery ventilation 19918:Deep water source cooling 19828: 19690: 19605: 19540:Environmental engineering 19490: 19387:Environmental degradation 19278: 19164:fishing down the food web 18941: 18871: 18768: 18722: 18671: 18620: 18587: 18492:Nonpoint source pollution 18420: 18412:War and environmental law 18359: 18321: 18303: 18103: 18038: 17975: 17901: 17870: 17835: 17819: 17784: 17771:Volatile organic compound 17577: 17568: 17499: 17491:Hazardous weather outlook 17481:Special weather statement 17473: 17442: 17419: 17386: 17359: 17336: 17309: 17278: 17267: 17247: 17223: 17207: 17200: 17176: 17127: 17106: 17085: 17064: 17041: 17015: 17002: 16962: 16946: 16913: 16885: 16874: 16854: 16828: 16797: 16764: 16731: 16705: 16696: 16678:Hurricane local statement 16650: 16627: 16604: 16581: 16558: 16547: 16515: 16492: 16474: 16446: 16430: 16402: 16379: 16363: 16354: 16334: 16296: 16263: 16254: 16106: 15985:10.5194/acp-22-15703-2022 15698:10.1177/09603271231191436 15650: 15356:10.5194/essd-14-3197-2022 15335:Earth System Science Data 15053:"Nanotechnology web page" 14775:）対策｜東京都環境局大気・騒音・振動・悪臭対策" 14337:Environment International 14076:10.1007/s10052-002-0987-x 13907:10.1080/15287390590936166 13421:10.1136/bmj.301.6761.1111 13137:10.1007/s11869-010-0106-3 12643:10.1080/15287390590936166 12219:10.1007/s40572-015-0073-9 11455:"新版預售屋契約禁用「煉鋼爐碴」建商違規將挨罰" 11441:"房市新制大調查爐渣屋掰 2021年起禁用爐渣" 11171:Environment International 11003:10.1164/ajrccm/136.5.1117 10597:10.1017/9781009157896.007 10202:10.1017/9781009157896.001 10125:10.1017/9781009157896.007 9671:January 18, 2008, at the 9541:10.5194/acp-22-14957-2022 8913:10.5194/essd-15-2295-2023 8892:Earth System Science Data 6915:明報新聞網 - 即時新聞 instant news 6055:limit since 27 March 2018 5901:Health impacts of sawdust 5896:Health impact of asbestos 5778:Criteria air contaminants 5490: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4121:This section needs to be 3935: 3913:World Health Organization 3692: 3669: 3646: 3643: 3601:designate particulates a 3374:World Health Organization 3034:This section needs to be 2665:Diesel Particulate Matter 2663:(commonly referred to as 2644:can penetrate right into 2582:coarse particulate matter 2157:cloud condensation nuclei 2094: 1928:Air pollution measurement 1768:Diesel particulate matter 1588:of primary gases such as 712:War and environmental law 332:Health effects from noise 182:Volatile organic compound 21093:IARC Group 1 carcinogens 21032:Template:Home automation 20854:Kitchen exhaust cleaning 20550:Solar-assisted heat pump 20150:Air conditioner inverter 19929:Displacement ventilation 19820:Vapour pressure of water 19805:Thermal destratification 19545:Environmental mitigation 19402:Greenhouse gas emissions 19362:Environmental insecurity 17951:Marine mammals and sonar 17862:Radio spectrum pollution 17486:Severe weather statement 17158:Marine weather statement 16143:Current global map of PM 16131:Current global map of PM 16123:Current global map of PM 15879:Zangari, Shelby et al., 14893:"Pm Naaqs | Us Epa" 14749:"Air Quality Objectives" 14118:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304297 12784:Spatial assessment of PM 12750:10.1001/jama.291.10.1238 11797:Perone, Gaetano (2022). 11582:Building and Environment 10759:(Submitted manuscript). 10656:15 February 2011 at the 10512:10.1088/1748-9326/ab94eb 10268:10.5194/acp-20-4085-2020 10222:. LOUISVILLE, Ky. (WAVE) 10190:Summary for Policymakers 8778:Air Quality Expert Group 8483:10.1021/acsomega.8b02043 6177:10.1504/IJEP.2010.030891 5965: 5542: 5456: 3494:Global Climate Coalition 3259:Streptococcus pneumoniae 3123:Harvard Six Cities study 2703: 2655:The smallest particles, 2462:which was linked to the 2374:flue-gas desulfurization 2137:single-scattering albedo 1511:White: sulfate particles 337:Marine mammals and sonar 21027:World Refrigeration Day 20874:Refrigerant reclamation 20803:Architectural acoustics 20747:Programmable thermostat 20679:Clean air delivery rate 20575:Thermal expansion valve 20490:Pressurisation ductwork 20400:Ground source heat pump 19841:Absorption refrigerator 19592:Sustainable consumption 18933:Social ecology (ethics) 18797:WikiProject Environment 18755:Most polluted countries 18699:Polluter pays principle 18430:Agricultural wastewater 17369:Air stagnation advisory 17168:Beach hazards statement 17135:Freezing spray advisory 16371:Winter weather advisory 16007:10.1126/science.abj6782 15931:Atmospheric Environment 15780: 15276:Environmental Pollution 14917:. Epa.gov. 28 June 2006 14801:"Air Quality Standards" 14300:10.1161/JAHA.114.001653 14013:Southeastern Geographer 13792:10.1073/pnas.1605941113 13589:10.1111/1462-2920.13686 13473:10.1001/jama.287.9.1132 12790:. Publications Office. 12084:Environmental Pollution 10361:10.1126/science.abd3980 10304:10.1126/science.aav0566 9883:August 8, 2018, at the 9460:10.1021/acs.est.9b01019 9404:10.1126/science.1089424 8349:. NASA. 31 August 2016. 8145:10.1073/pnas.1119909109 7435:10.1515/reveh-2012-0035 7335:10.1126/science.adf4915 7254:10.1021/acs.est.0c00740 7181:10.3389/fonc.2012.00148 7131:10.1136/oem.2004.014795 6813:Atmospheric Environment 6468:"Air quality, EASA Eco" 6217:10.1186/1743-8977-10-12 6064:annual limit since 2024 5958:particulate matter (PM) 4611:1st 9 months average PM 4294:Out of the 480 cities, 3514:The Heartland Institute 2604:fine particulate matter 2558: 2388:, and as the so-called 2302:or weather-driven from 1635:(both can be dry or in 1615:) as well as a natural 812:Freshwater salinization 732:Agricultural wastewater 21017:Glossary of HVAC terms 20979:Sick building syndrome 20859:Mechanical engineering 20570:Smoke exhaust ductwork 20001:Mixed-mode ventilation 19535:Ecological engineering 19315:runaway climate change 18815:Environment portal 18048:Agricultural pollution 16905:Excessive heat warning 16502:Freezing rain advisory 16342:Special marine warning 15869:, Wiley-Interscience, 15189:1 January 2010 at the 14166:10.1289/ehp.01109s3357 13303:Environmental Research 13246:Environmental Research 12302:Environmental Research 12034:Environmental Research 12015:10.26616/NIOSHPUB92102 11484:Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 7389:10.3390/ijerph15030438 6346:10.3390/ijerph19127511 6091:daily limit since 1987 6073:daily limit since 2007 5556: 5539: 4209: 4188: 4153: 4081: 3465:Major energy companies 3461: 3078: 3062: 2993:, is also of concern. 2916: 2540: 2485:Recent studies of the 2454: 2369: 2208:Specific aerosol roles 2122: 2108: 2091: 2074: 2058: 2047:(IPCC) stated in 2001: 2035: 1890: 1870:Substantial amount of 1817:environmental concerns 1811:Dust collection system 1800: 1709: 1541:; this particulate is 1512: 1249: 1238: 1031:Environment portal 63: 59:in a graphic from the 34:. For other uses, see 21037:Template:Solar energy 20715:Intelligent buildings 20674:Carbon dioxide sensor 20061:Room air distribution 19881:Central solar heating 18918:List of global issues 18470:Industrial wastewater 18336:Clutter (advertising) 18244:Municipal solid waste 18090:Soil guideline values 17934:Sustainable transport 17827:Information pollution 17627:Open burning of waste 17520:Information statement 17434:Volcanic ash advisory 17286:Blowing dust advisory 17163:Rip current statement 16412:Blowing snow advisory 16404:Blizzard/blowing snow 16165:Real time air quality 15725:G Invernizzi et al., 14580:Encyclopedia of Earth 14025:10.1353/sgo.2019.0031 13825:"Parkinson's Disease" 13372:10.1136/jcp.53.11.822 11413:"黑水泥厂"围城" 打假队一年揪出13家" 10804:10.1126/article.26322 10691:28 April 2010 at the 10148:Nature Climate Change 8933:Reviews of Geophysics 8332:on 19 September 2016. 7522:10.4178/epih.e2018013 7100:www.sciencedirect.com 6129:John Wiley & Sons 5849:Non-exhaust emissions 5773:Contamination control 5550: 5533: 4451:, Switzerland with PM 4203: 4186: 4151: 4096:concentrations. (See 4079: 3701:Daily avg. (24-hour) 3544:Effects on vegetation 3510:climate change denier 3451: 3404:environmental justice 3300:Further information: 3253:Staphylococcus aureus 3111:systemic inflammation 3068: 3060: 2914: 2671:particles also carry 2534: 2452: 2367: 2161:particulate pollution 2120: 2102: 2085: 2068: 2049: 2033: 1869: 1829:electrostatic filters 1792: 1712:Further information: 1706: 1515:Further information: 1502: 1244: 1232: 1092:for other names) are 772:Industrial wastewater 540:Municipal solid waste 462:Soil guideline values 46: 20839:Duct leakage testing 20829:Deep energy retrofit 20773:Thermographic camera 20710:Infrared thermometer 20185:Air source heat pump 20134:Water heat recycling 19700:Air changes per hour 19520:Community resilience 19320:in the United States 19288:Biodiversity threats 18961:cannabis cultivation 18928:Planetary boundaries 18894:Environmental issues 18884:Ecological footprint 18742:Most polluted cities 18435:Biological pollution 18346:Overhead power lines 17464:Saffir–Simpson scale 17406:Evacuation immediate 17328:Dense smoke advisory 17291:Blowing dust warning 17255:Extreme wind warning 17208:Advisory-force winds 17086:Hurricane-force wind 17023:Small craft advisory 16900:Excessive heat watch 15993:Ogasa, Nikk (2021). 15794:. 12 September 2014. 15684:: 9603271231191436. 15537:"Aviation Pollution" 15391:levels Beijing 2022" 13997:on 17 December 2008. 13016:10.1029/2022GH000603 13002:(5): e2022GH000603. 12912:10.1289/ehp.00108941 11738:"Relation between PM 11061:Circulation Research 10941:on 16 December 2008. 10610:Bond, T. C. (2013). 10483:Goodale, Christine L 10460:10.1029/2022GL102061 10446:(1): e2022GL102061. 9891:, September 28, 1998 9864:10.1029/2001JD001508 9790:10.1289/ehp.97105514 9277:10.1029/1999GL006066 9250:Rosenfeld D (1999). 8953:10.1029/1999RG000078 8398:10.4271/2013-01-2741 8373:. 15 September 2017. 7606:Minerals Engineering 6003:Since 1 January 2014 5696:standards, June 2018 5680:standards, June 2018 5448:in Victoria and the 5204:United Arab Emirates 4710:United Arab Emirates 3968:has established the 3903:: Not applicable; PM 3707:Daily avg (24-hour) 3611:respiratory diseases 3512:private think tank, 3473:corporate propaganda 2646:terminal bronchioles 2410:solar geoengineering 2298:) or geological via 1745:Deposition processes 981:Most polluted cities 633:Overhead power lines 20705:HVAC control system 20695:Home energy monitor 20669:Building automation 20455:Inverter compressor 20117:Variable air volume 20026:Passive ventilation 19996:Kitchen ventilation 19896:Constant air volume 19866:Autonomous building 19582:Restoration ecology 19515:Climate engineering 19452:Ocean acidification 19442:Loss of green belts 19412:Holocene extinction 19407:Habitat destruction 19082:Environmental crime 18805:WikiProject Ecology 18502:Ocean acidification 18407:Unexploded ordnance 18278:Post-consumer waste 18138:Foam food container 18116:Biodegradable waste 17690:Global distillation 17466:(tropical cyclones) 17028:Brisk wind advisory 16980:Hard freeze warning 16335:Marine thunderstorm 15976:2022ACP....2215703P 15970:(24): 15703–15727. 15865:Hinds, William C., 15835:2020ScTEn.74741267J 15690:2023HETox..4291436L 15347:2022ESSD...14.3197Z 15288:2017EPoll.223..605L 15210:. 20 February 2023. 14974:on 20 December 2016 14876:www.taipeitimes.com 14781:on 28 February 2015 14637:10.1289/ehp.1408092 14349:2019EnInt.129..291R 14247:10.1289/ehp.0800166 14068:2002EPJC...24..665. 13899:2005JTEHA..68.1301C 13783:2016PNAS..11310797M 13777:(39): 10797–10801. 13715:2020ScTEn.70134721F 13581:2017EnvMi..19.1868H 13315:2009ER....109..311W 13258:2012ER....117...46L 13208:10.1155/2014/901017 13129:2012AQAH....5..369S 13008:2022GHeal...6..603M 12957:1987RiskA...7..449O 12635:2005JTEHA..68.1301C 12588:The Lancet Oncology 12473:2021ESPR...28.9029L 12314:2019ER....17708638T 12211:2015CEHR....2..430W 12149:2016PLoSO..1161851L 12096:2020EPoll.25613307C 12046:2016ER....151..763F 11876:2021JESEE..31..797K 11815:2022NatSR..1213317P 11758:2022ScTEn.84857579R 11677:10.1289/ehp.1103618 11594:2022BuEnv.20908580R 11539:2018ScTEn.625.1659H 11496:2021EcoES.21812294L 11471:. 10 February 2023. 11401:on 3 December 2022. 11309:2022JCPro.37734282N 10905:2006JCli...19.2036C 10846:2013GeoRL..40..999N 10769:1992GeoRL..19..159S 10722:1995Natur.373..399M 10628:2013JGRD..118.5380B 10589:2021AGUFM.U13B..05K 10503:2020ERL....15i4063V 10452:2023GeoRL..5002061J 10352:2021Sci...371..485G 10259:2020ACP....20.4085M 10160:2021NatCC..11..207G 10117:2021AGUFM.U13B..05K 10046:on 22 December 2018 9963:2001AgFM..107..255S 9855:2003JGRD..108.8364T 9728:1996Sci...272..244L 9581:1994SciAm.270b..48C 9569:Scientific American 9534:(22): 14957–14970. 9452:2019EnST...53.8682R 9396:2004Sci...303.1342K 9353:2000Sci...288.1042A 9312:1997JGR...102.6831H 9268:1999GeoRL..26.3105R 9213:2000JAtS...57.2707F 9180:(5332): 1636–1639. 9147:2000JAtS...57.2684A 9092:1992Sci...255..423C 9059:on 28 February 2002 8995:1977JAtS...34.1149T 8945:2000RvGeo..38..513H 8904:2023ESSD...15.2295F 8862:10.1021/ac60334a033 8831:uk-air.defra.gov.uk 8477:(10): 13219–13226. 8267:on 28 February 2008 8213:ACS Central Science 8188:on 28 February 2008 8136:2012PNAS..109.2836P 8099:on 28 February 2008 7906:. 22 February 2023. 7856:2019EnInt.128..116L 7813:2022EnInt.16207151X 7785:10.3390/su142113832 7618:2005MiEng..18.1183P 7571:2021IJCST...8..179F 7473:10.1787/4a4dc6ca-en 7327:2023Sci...382..941H 7246:2020EnST...54.7107P 7019:2020Heliy...603299K 6935:. 16 September 2024 6885:. 15 February 2017. 6825:2016AtmEn.137...62A 6687:10.4209/aaqr.220412 6640:2017Chmsp.167..530S 6549:2022EPoll.29918907L 6446:2015RSERv..48..635O 6208:2013PFTox..10...12B 5938:Pulmonary emphysema 5788:Exposure assessment 5612:data is available. 5586:Olympic Park, Seoul 5551:Concentration of PM 5534:Concentration of PM 4599:, Jan to Sep 2022: 3418:Wildfire smoke risk 3349:Parkinson's disease 3330:Alzheimer's disease 2922:construction wastes 2796:Sahara sand (Libya) 2719:Type of particulate 2630:Inhalable particles 2412:proposals known as 2386:surface temperature 2294:from mostly marine 2282:. Some of them are 1831:used in facemasks, 1821:cyclonic separators 1757:Global distillation 1557:, and thus include 1369:in cooling systems. 1328:Glass reprocessing. 1170:ultrafine particles 1099:of solid or liquid 797:Ocean acidification 707:Unexploded ordnance 628:Advertising clutter 560:Post-consumer waste 505:Foam food container 490:Biodegradable waste 147:Global distillation 20968:Indoor air quality 20912:ASTM International 20849:Hydronic balancing 20626:Wood-burning stove 20505:Radiator reflector 20290:Evaporative cooler 20101:Underfloor heating 20086:Thermal insulation 19597:Waste minimization 19555:Mitigation banking 19550:Industrial ecology 19510:Cleaner production 19462:Resource depletion 18998:Corporate behavior 18956:animal agriculture 18825:Ecology portal 18709:Waste minimisation 18684:Industrial ecology 18679:Cleaner production 18497:Nutrient pollution 18374:Herbicidal warfare 18168:Construction waste 17804:Introduced species 17675:Indoor air quality 17602:Chlorofluorocarbon 17411:Fire weather watch 17323:Dense fog advisory 17301:Dust storm warning 17183:High surf advisory 17033:Lake wind advisory 15920:. 4 December 2021. 15904:. 5 December 2022. 15172:on 1 January 2010. 15146:on 31 January 2017 15115:on 27 January 2017 15059:on 1 January 2010. 15030:. 6 February 2023. 14878:. 5 February 2014. 14403:10.1111/resp.12613 12875:. 24 December 2021 12267:10.3233/JAD-200483 11923:Scientific Reports 11803:Scientific Reports 11238:. 10 October 2022. 10913:10.1175/JCLI3820.1 10893:Journal of Climate 10637:10.1002/jgrd.50171 10548:on 14 January 2017 10297:(6427): eaav0566. 8600:"買樓難題：大廈維修，住得難頂嗎？" 8292:The New York Times 8075:gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov 7423:Rev Environ Health 6871:. 21 October 2022. 5943:Pulmonary fibrosis 5653:emission inventory 5634:particulate matter 5557: 5540: 5510:. You can help by 5175: 4210: 4189: 4154: 4082: 3603:Group 1 carcinogen 3563:. You can help by 3462: 3388:Racial disparities 3095:premature delivery 3079: 3063: 2987:indoor air quality 2928:or a ship full of 2917: 2889:. You can help by 2785:Lokon volcanic ash 2758:Fractal aggregate 2642:Thoracic particles 2541: 2495:Northern Territory 2455: 2370: 2355:ground-level ozone 2288:chemical reactions 2266:(often through an 2123: 2109: 2092: 2075: 2036: 1965:X-ray spectrometry 1891: 1801: 1762:mostly removed by 1710: 1575:sea spray aerosols 1513: 1260:(e.g., aircraft), 1250: 1239: 1181:Group 1 carcinogen 1043:Ecology portal 668:Herbicidal warfare 212:Introduced species 152:Indoor air quality 122:Chlorofluorocarbon 64: 18:Airborne particles 21045: 21044: 20961:Health and safety 20540:Scroll compressor 20495:Process duct work 20250:Convection heater 20245:Condensing boiler 20175:Air-mixing plenum 20071:Solar combisystem 19907:Cross ventilation 19710:Building envelope 19650: 19649: 19472:Water degradation 19347:Ecological crisis 19293:biodiversity loss 19092:Industrialisation 19077:Genetic pollution 18923:Impact assessment 18831: 18830: 18704:Pollution control 18384:Nuclear holocaust 18293:Thermal treatment 18261:Plastic pollution 18178:Mercury poisoning 18131:Battery recycling 18030:Radioactive waste 17799:Genetic pollution 17794:Biological hazard 17592:Air quality index 17528: 17527: 17382: 17381: 17374:Air quality alert 17263: 17262: 17239:High wind warning 17188:High surf warning 17153: 17152: 16998: 16997: 16990:Hard freeze watch 16870: 16869: 16673: 16672: 16543: 16542: 16507:Ice storm warning 16350: 16349: 15823:Sci Total Environ 15633:. 7 January 2015. 15387:"China: annual PM 15027:Independent.co.uk 14514:Our World in Data 14037:Project MUSE 13893:(13–14): 1301–7. 13529:10.1136/bmj.f7412 12831:(9859): 2224–60. 12805:978-92-9167-988-1 12629:(13–14): 1301–7. 11974:Los Angeles Times 11671:(12): 1781–1787. 11527:Sci Total Environ 11040:on 29 June 2011. 10899:(10): 2036–2045. 10854:10.1002/grl.50263 10777:10.1029/91GL02958 10716:(6513): 399–404. 10622:(11): 5380–5552. 10395:(7930): 101–106. 10346:(6528): 485–489. 10007:978-0-12-821575-3 9508:978-0-471-17816-3 9446:(15): 8682–8694. 9321:10.1029/96JD03436 9306:(D6): 6831–6864. 9262:(20): 3105–3108. 9207:(16): 2707–2728. 9141:(16): 2684–2695. 8977:Twomey S (1977). 8717:. 6 October 2022. 8574:. 6 January 2023. 8219:(12): 1617–1623. 7931:10.1136/bmj.h2757 7728:978-3-319-21595-2 7612:(12): 1183–1199. 7482:978-92-64-88885-2 7321:(6673): 941–946. 7240:(12): 7107–7116. 7119:Occup Environ Med 6283:ehp.niehs.nih.gov 6171:(1/2/3): 160–74. 6142:978-0-471-17816-3 5733:Air quality index 5604:, air quality in 5528: 5527: 5425: 5424: 4146: 4145: 4131: 4056: 4055: 3933: 3932: 3581: 3580: 3506:trade association 3422:In regions where 3233:inflammation and 3097:, birth defects, 3055: 3054: 2907: 2906: 2806: 2805: 2565:respiratory tract 2118: 2083: 2071:optical thickness 2061:Aerosol radiative 2028: 2027: 2020: 1934:Ringelmann charts 1872:construction dust 1867: 1790: 1704: 1694:Size distribution 1670:radiative forcing 1500: 1230: 1079: 1078: 1014: 1013: 680:Nuclear holocaust 603:Urban heat island 417:Radioactive waste 202:Biological hazard 112:Air quality index 16:(Redirected from 21100: 21007:Building science 20762:Smart thermostat 20757:Room temperature 20340:Fireplace insert 20046:Radon mitigation 19944:Electric heating 19939:District heating 19934:District cooling 19851:Air conditioning 19677: 19670: 19663: 19654: 19653: 19625: 19624: 19614: 19613: 19447:Phosphorus cycle 19427:Land consumption 19422:Land degradation 19397:Freshwater cycle 19196:Overexploitation 19169:marine pollution 18976:cocoa production 18858: 18851: 18844: 18835: 18834: 18823: 18822: 18821: 18813: 18812: 18803: 18802: 18795: 18794: 18787: 18786: 18774: 18773: 18648:Legacy pollution 18507:Oil exploitation 18369:Chemical warfare 18283:Waste management 18190:Industrial waste 18158:Biomedical waste 18126:Electronic waste 18111:Advertising mail 18095:Phytoremediation 18070:Land degradation 17855:Overillumination 17809:Invasive species 17555: 17548: 17541: 17532: 17531: 17396:Red flag warning 17346:Ashfall advisory 17276: 17275: 17205: 17204: 17013: 17012: 16883: 16882: 16703: 16702: 16556: 16555: 16448:Lake-effect snow 16422:Blizzard warning 16361: 16360: 16261: 16260: 16237: 16230: 16223: 16214: 16213: 16041: 16039: 16037: 16018: 15989: 15987: 15954: 15921: 15913: 15905: 15862: 15795: 15776: 15766: 15755:10.1289/ehp.6114 15749:(9): 1209–1214. 15717: 15668: 15646: 15634: 15609: 15608: 15601: 15595: 15594: 15581: 15575: 15574: 15567: 15561: 15560: 15547: 15541: 15540: 15533: 15527: 15526: 15515: 15509: 15508: 15507:. 13 March 2023. 15501: 15495: 15494: 15493:. 27 March 2023. 15487: 15481: 15480: 15473: 15467: 15466: 15459: 15453: 15452: 15439: 15433: 15432: 15430: 15428: 15412: 15406: 15405: 15403: 15401: 15383: 15377: 15376: 15358: 15341:(7): 3197–3211. 15322: 15316: 15315: 15267: 15261: 15260: 15255: 15253: 15238: 15232: 15231: 15218: 15212: 15211: 15204: 15193: 15180: 15174: 15173: 15162: 15156: 15155: 15153: 15151: 15145: 15139:. Archived from 15138: 15130: 15124: 15123: 15122: 15120: 15114: 15108:, archived from 15107: 15096: 15090: 15089: 15087: 15085: 15080:on 18 March 2010 15070: 15061: 15060: 15049: 15043: 15038: 15032: 15031: 15018: 15012: 15011: 15004: 14998: 14997: 14990: 14984: 14983: 14981: 14979: 14973: 14967:. Archived from 14966: 14954: 14948: 14947: 14941: 14933: 14927: 14926: 14924: 14922: 14911: 14905: 14904: 14902: 14900: 14889: 14880: 14879: 14868: 14862: 14861: 14859: 14857: 14846: 14840: 14839: 14832: 14826: 14825: 14814: 14808: 14807: 14805: 14797: 14791: 14790: 14788: 14786: 14767: 14761: 14760: 14758: 14756: 14745: 14739: 14738: 14736: 14734: 14723: 14714: 14713: 14711: 14709: 14703: 14696: 14688: 14682: 14681: 14679: 14677: 14665: 14659: 14658: 14648: 14616: 14610: 14609: 14607: 14605: 14590: 14584: 14583: 14576:"Abiotic factor" 14571: 14565: 14559: 14553: 14547: 14541: 14537:, 18 March 2021 14532: 14523: 14521: 14498: 14492: 14491: 14479: 14473: 14472: 14462: 14430: 14424: 14423: 14405: 14377: 14371: 14370: 14360: 14328: 14322: 14321: 14311: 14275: 14269: 14268: 14258: 14226: 14220: 14219: 14217: 14215: 14200: 14194: 14193: 14181: 14170: 14169: 14146: 14140: 14139: 14129: 14097: 14088: 14087: 14051: 14045: 14044: 14008: 13999: 13998: 13996: 13990:. Archived from 13988:ww16.baq2008.org 13985: 13977: 13971: 13969: 13944:(9767): 732–40. 13933: 13927: 13926: 13882: 13876: 13875: 13835: 13829: 13828: 13821: 13815: 13814: 13804: 13794: 13761: 13755: 13754: 13752: 13750: 13745:on 31 March 2022 13741:. Archived from 13694: 13688: 13687: 13685: 13683: 13668: 13662: 13661: 13649: 13643: 13642: 13635: 13629: 13628: 13625:www.newswise.com 13617: 13611: 13610: 13600: 13575:(5): 1868–1880. 13566: 13557: 13551: 13550: 13540: 13501: 13495: 13494: 13484: 13449: 13443: 13442: 13432: 13400: 13394: 13393: 13383: 13351: 13345: 13344: 13334: 13294: 13288: 13287: 13277: 13237: 13231: 13230: 13220: 13210: 13186: 13180: 13179: 13177: 13175: 13160: 13149: 13148: 13112: 13106: 13105: 13095: 13063: 13057: 13056: 13044: 13038: 13037: 13027: 12983: 12977: 12976: 12940: 12934: 12933: 12923: 12891: 12885: 12884: 12882: 12880: 12865: 12859: 12858: 12848: 12816: 12810: 12809: 12779: 12770: 12769: 12733: 12727: 12726: 12701:(342): 284–290. 12687: 12681: 12680: 12669: 12663: 12662: 12618: 12612: 12611: 12579: 12570: 12569: 12557: 12551: 12550: 12540: 12507: 12501: 12500: 12467:(8): 9029–9049. 12455: 12444: 12443: 12407: 12396: 12395: 12385: 12353: 12342: 12341: 12296: 12287: 12286: 12250: 12241: 12240: 12230: 12190: 12181: 12180: 12170: 12160: 12127: 12118: 12117: 12107: 12075: 12066: 12065: 12028: 12019: 12018: 11999: 11993: 11992: 11985: 11979: 11978: 11965: 11959: 11958: 11948: 11938: 11914: 11908: 11907: 11897: 11887: 11851: 11845: 11844: 11834: 11794: 11788: 11787: 11777: 11733: 11727: 11726: 11719: 11713: 11712: 11705: 11699: 11698: 11688: 11656: 11650: 11649: 11647: 11645: 11630: 11624: 11623: 11613: 11573: 11567: 11566: 11522: 11516: 11515: 11479: 11473: 11472: 11465: 11459: 11458: 11451: 11445: 11444: 11437: 11431: 11430: 11423: 11417: 11416: 11409: 11403: 11402: 11397:. Archived from 11391: 11385: 11384: 11383:on 28 June 2023. 11379:. Archived from 11373: 11367: 11366: 11365:on 28 June 2023. 11364: 11358:. Archived from 11357: 11349: 11343: 11342: 11339:"Sustainability" 11335: 11329: 11328: 11288: 11282: 11281: 11274: 11268: 11267: 11260: 11254: 11253: 11246: 11240: 11239: 11232: 11226: 11225: 11218: 11212: 11209: 11203: 11202: 11158: 11152: 11151: 11141: 11101: 11095: 11094: 11084: 11052: 11046: 11045: 11030: 11024: 11021: 11015: 11014: 10997:(5): 1117–1121. 10986: 10980: 10973: 10967: 10966: 10965:on 16 June 2012. 10964: 10958:. Archived from 10957: 10949: 10943: 10942: 10937:. Archived from 10931: 10925: 10924: 10888: 10879: 10878: 10865: 10828: 10822: 10821: 10815: 10807: 10787: 10781: 10780: 10748: 10742: 10741: 10730:10.1038/373399a0 10705: 10699: 10683: 10677: 10671: 10665: 10648: 10642: 10641: 10639: 10607: 10601: 10600: 10574: 10564: 10558: 10557: 10555: 10553: 10547: 10541:. Archived from 10540: 10531: 10525: 10524: 10514: 10478: 10472: 10471: 10431: 10425: 10424: 10414: 10404: 10380: 10374: 10373: 10363: 10331: 10325: 10324: 10306: 10288: 10279: 10273: 10272: 10270: 10253:(7): 4085–4103. 10238: 10232: 10231: 10229: 10227: 10211: 10205: 10186: 10180: 10179: 10145: 10135: 10129: 10128: 10102: 10092: 10086: 10085: 10083: 10081: 10062: 10056: 10055: 10053: 10051: 10032: 10026: 10025: 10024: 10022: 9981: 9975: 9974: 9943: 9937: 9936: 9928: 9922: 9921: 9919: 9917: 9912:on 17 March 2007 9898: 9892: 9875: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9834: 9828: 9827: 9809: 9769: 9763: 9762: 9760: 9758: 9752: 9713: 9704: 9698: 9697: 9692:. Archived from 9682: 9676: 9663: 9652: 9641: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9630: 9615: 9609: 9608: 9560: 9554: 9553: 9543: 9519: 9510: 9496: 9490: 9489: 9479: 9430: 9424: 9423: 9390:(5662): 1342–5. 9379: 9373: 9372: 9347:(5468): 1042–7. 9332: 9326: 9325: 9323: 9291: 9282: 9281: 9279: 9247: 9241: 9240: 9196: 9190: 9189: 9165: 9159: 9158: 9126: 9120: 9119: 9086:(5043): 423–30. 9075: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9055:. Archived from 9045: 9039: 9038: 9026: 9009: 9008: 9006: 8989:(7): 1149–1152. 8974: 8965: 8964: 8928: 8919: 8917: 8915: 8889: 8880: 8874: 8873: 8841: 8835: 8834: 8822: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8775: 8767: 8761: 8760: 8753: 8747: 8746: 8739: 8733: 8732: 8725: 8719: 8718: 8711: 8705: 8704: 8697: 8691: 8690: 8683: 8677: 8676: 8669: 8663: 8662: 8655: 8649: 8648: 8641: 8635: 8634: 8627: 8618: 8617: 8610: 8604: 8603: 8596: 8590: 8589: 8586:"大廈外牆維修,你地會搬走嗎?" 8582: 8576: 8575: 8568: 8562: 8561: 8554: 8548: 8547: 8540: 8534: 8533: 8526: 8520: 8519: 8511: 8505: 8504: 8494: 8462: 8456: 8455: 8440: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8423: 8415: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8404: 8381: 8375: 8374: 8367: 8361: 8355: 8354: 8350: 8343: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8324: 8316: 8303: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8272: 8253: 8247: 8246: 8236: 8204: 8198: 8197: 8195: 8193: 8174: 8168: 8167: 8157: 8147: 8115: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8104: 8085: 8079: 8078: 8067: 8061: 8060: 8053: 8047: 8046: 8039: 8033: 8032: 8025: 8019: 8018: 8011: 8005: 8004: 7997: 7991: 7990: 7983: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7957: 7951: 7950: 7914: 7908: 7907: 7900: 7894: 7893: 7885: 7876: 7875: 7839: 7833: 7832: 7796: 7790: 7789: 7787: 7763: 7757: 7756: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7706: 7700: 7699: 7685: 7679: 7678: 7668: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7597: 7591: 7590: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7533: 7510:Epidemiol Health 7501: 7495: 7494: 7461: 7455: 7454: 7418: 7412: 7411: 7401: 7391: 7363: 7357: 7356: 7346: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7224: 7218: 7217: 7210: 7204: 7203: 7193: 7183: 7159: 7153: 7152: 7142: 7110: 7104: 7103: 7092: 7086: 7085: 7074: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7040: 7030: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6981: 6975: 6974: 6965: 6959: 6958: 6957:. 11 March 2022. 6951: 6945: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6925: 6919: 6918: 6907: 6901: 6900: 6893: 6887: 6886: 6879: 6873: 6872: 6865: 6859: 6858: 6843: 6837: 6836: 6804: 6798: 6797: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6751: 6741: 6713: 6707: 6706: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6622: 6616: 6615: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6532: 6526: 6525: 6481: 6472: 6471: 6464: 6458: 6457: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6400: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6383: 6377: 6376: 6366: 6348: 6324: 6318: 6317: 6305: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6285:. Archived from 6275: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6249: 6240: 6239: 6229: 6219: 6187: 6181: 6180: 6162: 6153: 6147: 6146: 6126: 6116: 6101: 6098: 6092: 6089: 6083: 6080: 6074: 6071: 6065: 6062: 6056: 6049: 6043: 6036: 6030: 6023: 6017: 6010: 6004: 6001: 5995: 5988: 5982: 5975: 5874:Suspended solids 5792:Exposure science 5689: 5673: 5623:'s capital city 5523: 5520: 5502: 5495: 5411: 5409: 5408: 5384: 5382: 5381: 5358: 5356: 5355: 5332: 5330: 5329: 5306: 5304: 5303: 5280: 5278: 5277: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5228: 5226: 5225: 5202: 5200: 5199: 5176: 5174: 5173: 5150: 5148: 5147: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5098: 5096: 5095: 5072: 5070: 5069: 5046: 5044: 5043: 5020: 5018: 5017: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4968: 4966: 4965: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4916: 4914: 4913: 4890: 4888: 4887: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4812: 4810: 4809: 4786: 4784: 4783: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4708: 4706: 4705: 4682: 4680: 4679: 4656: 4654: 4653: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4608:Country / Region 4602: 4601: 4583: 4581: 4580: 4577: 4574: 4562: 4560: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4513: 4511: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4478:, with 1.7 4472: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4419: 4417: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4388: 4386: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4364: 4362: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4348: 4346: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4317: 4315: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4290: 4288: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4266: 4264: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4239: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4162:carbon nanotubes 4141: 4138: 4132: 4129: 4116: 4115: 4108: 3975: 3974: 3689: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3666: 3664: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3644:Country/ Region 3641: 3640: 3576: 3573: 3555: 3548: 3540:its regulation. 3522:tobacco industry 3498:create confusion 3458:renewable energy 3186:Inhalation of PM 3099:low birth weight 3050: 3047: 3041: 3029: 3028: 3021: 2991:third-hand smoke 2972:metal Fume Fever 2962:as they contain 2902: 2899: 2881: 2874: 2858: 2846: 2834: 2822: 2716: 2715: 2347:low birth weight 2292:dimethyl sulfide 2270:reaction in the 2258:to form gaseous 2232:sulfur compounds 2119: 2084: 2053:greenhouse gases 2023: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2003: 1983: 1982: 1975: 1868: 1791: 1705: 1677:refractive index 1648:light-scatterers 1637:aqueous solution 1633:ammonium nitrate 1629:ammonium sulfate 1549:originated from 1501: 1304:heavy equipments 1231: 1071: 1064: 1057: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1029: 1028: 960: 959: 663:Chemical warfare 565:Waste management 525:Industrial waste 500:Electronic waste 485:Advertising mail 467:Phytoremediation 442:Land degradation 382:Depleted uranium 267:Overillumination 217:Invasive species 89: 66: 65: 55:compared with a 21: 21108: 21107: 21103: 21102: 21101: 21099: 21098: 21097: 21083:Climate forcing 21048: 21047: 21046: 21041: 21002:ASHRAE Handbook 20990: 20974:Passive smoking 20956: 20889: 20883: 20795: 20793: 20787: 20641: 20635: 20616:Whole-house fan 20530:Run-around coil 20525:Reversing valve 20470:Mechanical room 20460:Kerosene heater 20450:Infrared heater 20380:Gasoline heater 20320:Fan filter unit 20235:Condensate pump 20220:Centrifugal fan 20138: 20041:Radiant heating 20036:Radiant cooling 20011:Passive cooling 20006:Microgeneration 19876:Central heating 19824: 19800:Thermal comfort 19692: 19686: 19681: 19651: 19646: 19601: 19560:Organic farming 19486: 19477:Water pollution 19457:Ozone depletion 19437:Loss and damage 19337:Desertification 19274: 19186:Overconsumption 19107:cleaning agents 19008:Energy industry 18971:meat production 18937: 18867: 18862: 18832: 18827: 18819: 18817: 18807: 18764: 18750: 18718: 18667: 18616: 18583: 18522:Pharmaceuticals 18512:Oil exploration 18416: 18388:Nuclear fallout 18355: 18317: 18299: 18273:Packaging waste 18227:Deep sea mining 18153:Hazardous waste 18099: 18080:Open defecation 18034: 18000:Nuclear fallout 17995:Nuclear fission 17971: 17897: 17866: 17837:Electromagnetic 17831: 17815: 17780: 17700:Ozone depletion 17573: 17564: 17559: 17529: 17524: 17495: 17469: 17458:Enhanced Fujita 17444: 17438: 17415: 17378: 17355: 17351:Ashfall warning 17332: 17305: 17270: 17259: 17243: 17234:High wind watch 17219: 17196: 17193:High surf watch 17172: 17149: 17123: 17102: 17081: 17060: 17037: 17008: 17006: 17004: 16994: 16958: 16942: 16909: 16877: 16866: 16850: 16824: 16798:Lakeshore flood 16793: 16760: 16727: 16692: 16669: 16646: 16623: 16600: 16577: 16560:Tropical storms 16550: 16539: 16511: 16488: 16470: 16442: 16426: 16398: 16375: 16356: 16346: 16330: 16292: 16256: 16250: 16241: 16174:Air quality map 16154: 16150: 16146: 16138: 16134: 16126: 16109: 16059: 16054: 16035: 16033: 16031:Undark Magazine 16026: 16021: 15916: 15908: 15900: 15786: 15783: 15678:Hum Exp Toxicol 15675: 15664:TheGuardian.com 15653: 15637: 15625: 15622: 15617: 15615:Further reading 15612: 15603: 15602: 15598: 15583: 15582: 15578: 15569: 15568: 15564: 15549: 15548: 15544: 15535: 15534: 15530: 15517: 15516: 15512: 15503: 15502: 15498: 15489: 15488: 15484: 15479:. 26 June 2018. 15475: 15474: 15470: 15461: 15460: 15456: 15441: 15440: 15436: 15426: 15424: 15413: 15409: 15399: 15397: 15390: 15385: 15384: 15380: 15330: 15323: 15319: 15268: 15264: 15251: 15249: 15239: 15235: 15220: 15219: 15215: 15206: 15205: 15196: 15191:Wayback Machine 15181: 15177: 15164: 15163: 15159: 15149: 15147: 15143: 15136: 15132: 15131: 15127: 15118: 15116: 15112: 15105: 15097: 15093: 15083: 15081: 15072: 15071: 15064: 15051: 15050: 15046: 15039: 15035: 15020: 15019: 15015: 15006: 15005: 15001: 14992: 14991: 14987: 14977: 14975: 14971: 14964: 14961: 14956: 14955: 14951: 14939: 14935: 14934: 14930: 14920: 14918: 14913: 14912: 14908: 14898: 14896: 14891: 14890: 14883: 14870: 14869: 14865: 14855: 14853: 14848: 14847: 14843: 14834: 14833: 14829: 14816: 14815: 14811: 14803: 14799: 14798: 14794: 14784: 14782: 14774: 14769: 14768: 14764: 14754: 14752: 14747: 14746: 14742: 14732: 14730: 14725: 14724: 14717: 14707: 14705: 14701: 14694: 14690: 14689: 14685: 14675: 14673: 14666: 14662: 14617: 14613: 14603: 14601: 14591: 14587: 14572: 14568: 14560: 14556: 14548: 14544: 14533: 14526: 14502:Ritchie, Hannah 14499: 14495: 14480: 14476: 14451:10.1289/EHP3860 14431: 14427: 14385: 14378: 14374: 14329: 14325: 14283: 14276: 14272: 14227: 14223: 14213: 14211: 14201: 14197: 14182: 14173: 14148: 14147: 14143: 14098: 14091: 14053: 14052: 14048: 14009: 14002: 13994: 13983: 13979: 13978: 13974: 13934: 13930: 13883: 13879: 13836: 13832: 13823: 13822: 13818: 13762: 13758: 13748: 13746: 13695: 13691: 13681: 13679: 13669: 13665: 13650: 13646: 13637: 13636: 13632: 13619: 13618: 13614: 13564: 13558: 13554: 13507: 13502: 13498: 13450: 13446: 13401: 13397: 13352: 13348: 13295: 13291: 13238: 13234: 13187: 13183: 13173: 13171: 13161: 13152: 13113: 13109: 13064: 13060: 13045: 13041: 12991: 12984: 12980: 12941: 12937: 12906:(10): 941–947. 12892: 12888: 12878: 12876: 12867: 12866: 12862: 12817: 12813: 12806: 12787: 12780: 12773: 12744:(10): 1238–45. 12734: 12730: 12691:Lave, Lester B. 12688: 12684: 12679:on 14 May 2011. 12671: 12670: 12666: 12619: 12615: 12580: 12573: 12558: 12554: 12508: 12504: 12456: 12447: 12408: 12399: 12374:10.1289/EHP4595 12354: 12345: 12297: 12290: 12251: 12244: 12191: 12184: 12143:(9): e0161851. 12128: 12121: 12076: 12069: 12029: 12022: 12001: 12000: 11996: 11991:. 13 June 2023. 11987: 11986: 11982: 11977:. 22 July 2021. 11967: 11966: 11962: 11915: 11911: 11859: 11852: 11848: 11795: 11791: 11741: 11734: 11730: 11721: 11720: 11716: 11707: 11706: 11702: 11657: 11653: 11643: 11641: 11632: 11631: 11627: 11574: 11570: 11523: 11519: 11480: 11476: 11467: 11466: 11462: 11453: 11452: 11448: 11439: 11438: 11434: 11425: 11424: 11420: 11411: 11410: 11406: 11393: 11392: 11388: 11375: 11374: 11370: 11362: 11355: 11351: 11350: 11346: 11337: 11336: 11332: 11289: 11285: 11276: 11275: 11271: 11262: 11261: 11257: 11248: 11247: 11243: 11234: 11233: 11229: 11220: 11219: 11215: 11210: 11206: 11166: 11159: 11155: 11122:10.1289/EHP2054 11102: 11098: 11053: 11049: 11032: 11031: 11027: 11022: 11018: 10987: 10983: 10974: 10970: 10962: 10955: 10951: 10950: 10946: 10933: 10932: 10928: 10889: 10882: 10840:(5): 999–1004. 10829: 10825: 10809: 10808: 10788: 10784: 10749: 10745: 10706: 10702: 10697:Science Centric 10693:Wayback Machine 10684: 10680: 10672: 10668: 10658:Wayback Machine 10649: 10645: 10608: 10604: 10572: 10565: 10561: 10551: 10549: 10545: 10538: 10532: 10528: 10479: 10475: 10432: 10428: 10381: 10377: 10332: 10328: 10286: 10280: 10276: 10239: 10235: 10225: 10223: 10212: 10208: 10187: 10183: 10143: 10136: 10132: 10100: 10093: 10089: 10079: 10077: 10064: 10063: 10059: 10049: 10047: 10034: 10033: 10029: 10020: 10018: 10008: 9982: 9978: 9944: 9940: 9929: 9925: 9915: 9913: 9900: 9899: 9895: 9885:Wayback Machine 9876: 9872: 9843:J. Geophys. Res 9835: 9831: 9770: 9766: 9756: 9754: 9750: 9711: 9705: 9701: 9696:on 14 May 2009. 9684: 9683: 9679: 9673:Wayback Machine 9664: 9655: 9642: 9638: 9628: 9626: 9616: 9612: 9561: 9557: 9520: 9513: 9497: 9493: 9431: 9427: 9380: 9376: 9333: 9329: 9292: 9285: 9248: 9244: 9197: 9193: 9166: 9162: 9127: 9123: 9076: 9072: 9062: 9060: 9047: 9046: 9042: 9027: 9012: 8975: 8968: 8929: 8922: 8887: 8881: 8877: 8842: 8838: 8823: 8819: 8809: 8807: 8798: 8797: 8793: 8783: 8781: 8773: 8769: 8768: 8764: 8755: 8754: 8750: 8741: 8740: 8736: 8727: 8726: 8722: 8713: 8712: 8708: 8699: 8698: 8694: 8685: 8684: 8680: 8671: 8670: 8666: 8657: 8656: 8652: 8643: 8642: 8638: 8629: 8628: 8621: 8612: 8611: 8607: 8598: 8597: 8593: 8584: 8583: 8579: 8570: 8569: 8565: 8556: 8555: 8551: 8542: 8541: 8537: 8528: 8527: 8523: 8512: 8508: 8463: 8459: 8447: 8442: 8441: 8437: 8427: 8425: 8421: 8417: 8416: 8412: 8402: 8400: 8392:. Vol. 1. 8382: 8378: 8369: 8368: 8364: 8352: 8345: 8344: 8337: 8329: 8322: 8318: 8317: 8306: 8296: 8294: 8284: 8280: 8270: 8268: 8255: 8254: 8250: 8205: 8201: 8191: 8189: 8176: 8175: 8171: 8116: 8112: 8102: 8100: 8087: 8086: 8082: 8069: 8068: 8064: 8055: 8054: 8050: 8041: 8040: 8036: 8027: 8026: 8022: 8013: 8012: 8008: 7999: 7998: 7994: 7985: 7984: 7980: 7970: 7968: 7958: 7954: 7915: 7911: 7902: 7901: 7897: 7886: 7879: 7840: 7836: 7797: 7793: 7764: 7760: 7751: 7750: 7746: 7729: 7707: 7703: 7686: 7682: 7637: 7633: 7598: 7594: 7551: 7547: 7502: 7498: 7483: 7463: 7462: 7458: 7419: 7415: 7371: 7364: 7360: 7307: 7303: 7294: 7293: 7289: 7279: 7277: 7225: 7221: 7212: 7211: 7207: 7160: 7156: 7111: 7107: 7094: 7093: 7089: 7076: 7075: 7071: 7063: 7059: 7058: 7054: 6998: 6994: 6983: 6982: 6978: 6967: 6966: 6962: 6953: 6952: 6948: 6938: 6936: 6927: 6926: 6922: 6909: 6908: 6904: 6895: 6894: 6890: 6881: 6880: 6876: 6867: 6866: 6862: 6854: 6850: 6845: 6844: 6840: 6805: 6801: 6769: 6765: 6721: 6714: 6710: 6667: 6663: 6623: 6619: 6584: 6580: 6533: 6529: 6489: 6482: 6475: 6466: 6465: 6461: 6430: 6426: 6416: 6414: 6407: 6402: 6401: 6397: 6389: 6385: 6384: 6380: 6325: 6321: 6306: 6302: 6292: 6290: 6277: 6276: 6272: 6262: 6260: 6250: 6243: 6188: 6184: 6160: 6154: 6150: 6143: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6095: 6090: 6086: 6081: 6077: 6072: 6068: 6063: 6059: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6002: 5998: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5952: 5947: 5918:Atherosclerosis 5907:Health-related: 5880:Health effects: 5737:Air quality law 5723: 5705: 5697: 5695: 5690: 5681: 5679: 5674: 5665: 5643: 5639: 5618: 5611: 5598: 5583: 5562: 5554: 5545: 5538:in Europe, 2005 5537: 5524: 5518: 5515: 5508:needs expansion 5493: 5482: 5478: 5465: 5459: 5439: 5434: 5406: 5404: 5379: 5377: 5353: 5351: 5327: 5325: 5301: 5299: 5275: 5273: 5249: 5247: 5223: 5221: 5197: 5195: 5171: 5169: 5145: 5143: 5119: 5117: 5093: 5091: 5067: 5065: 5041: 5039: 5015: 5013: 4989: 4987: 4963: 4961: 4937: 4935: 4911: 4909: 4885: 4883: 4859: 4857: 4833: 4831: 4807: 4805: 4781: 4779: 4755: 4753: 4729: 4727: 4703: 4701: 4677: 4675: 4651: 4649: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4597: 4584:. The third is 4578: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4455:levels of just 4454: 4443: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4414: 4411: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4285: 4282: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4234: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4207: 4198: 4181: 4142: 4136: 4133: 4128: 4126: 4117: 4113: 4106: 4095: 4091: 4074: 4061: 4033: 4006: 3998:Extremely poor 3962: 3955: 3951: 3938: 3906: 3902: 3810: 3806: 3780: 3776: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3639: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3619:premature death 3590: 3577: 3571: 3568: 3561:needs expansion 3546: 3446: 3439: 3420: 3390: 3370: 3368:Increased death 3362: 3358: 3354: 3343: 3339: 3304: 3298: 3284: 3273: 3262:was altered by 3235:atherosclerosis 3224: 3219: 3213: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3182: 3177: 3170: 3137:cardiopulmonary 3125: 3119: 3103:life-years lost 3072: 3051: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3030: 3026: 3019: 3017:Health problems 2980: 2937:Portland Cement 2903: 2897: 2894: 2887:needs expansion 2872: 2867: 2866: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2850: 2847: 2838: 2835: 2826: 2823: 2812: 2811: 2730:Portland cement 2706: 2697: 2622: 2611: 2589: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2527: 2507:Nullarbor Plain 2505:and around the 2447: 2441: 2426: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2225: 2215: 2210: 2197: 2181:biomass burning 2149: 2111: 2097: 2077: 2069:Global aerosol 2063: 2040:solar radiation 2024: 2013: 2007: 2004: 1996:help improve it 1993: 1984: 1980: 1973: 1971:Climate effects 1930: 1924: 1900: 1857: 1813: 1807: 1783: 1781: 1776: 1759: 1753: 1747: 1725: 1719:both, monthly. 1716: 1698: 1696: 1689: 1594:nitrogen oxides 1547:sodium chloride 1543:light-absorbing 1523: 1510: 1508: 1507:Blue: sea salt 1506: 1504: 1491: 1489: 1477:New South Wales 1470: 1466: 1462: 1453: 1447: 1300:diesel exhausts 1220: 1218: 1210: 1166: 1144: 1075: 1037: 1035: 1023: 1016: 1015: 915: 907: 906: 880: 872: 871: 807:Pharmaceuticals 787:Nonpoint source 727: 717: 716: 685:Nuclear fallout 658: 648: 647: 618: 608: 607: 598: 588: 587: 578: 570: 569: 555:Packaging waste 520:Hazardous waste 480: 472: 471: 432: 422: 421: 392:Nuclear fallout 387:Nuclear fission 367: 357: 356: 322: 312: 311: 287: 279: 278: 252: 250:Electromagnetic 242: 241: 232: 224: 223: 197: 187: 186: 157:Ozone depletion 102: 92: 54: 50: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 21106: 21096: 21095: 21090: 21085: 21080: 21075: 21070: 21065: 21060: 21043: 21042: 21040: 21039: 21034: 21029: 21024: 21019: 21014: 21009: 21004: 20998: 20996: 20992: 20991: 20989: 20988: 20982: 20976: 20971: 20964: 20962: 20958: 20957: 20955: 20954: 20949: 20944: 20939: 20934: 20929: 20924: 20919: 20914: 20909: 20904: 20899: 20893: 20891: 20885: 20884: 20882: 20881: 20876: 20871: 20866: 20861: 20856: 20851: 20846: 20841: 20836: 20831: 20826: 20820: 20815: 20810: 20805: 20799: 20797: 20789: 20788: 20786: 20785: 20780: 20775: 20770: 20764: 20759: 20754: 20752:Psychrometrics 20749: 20744: 20739: 20734: 20728: 20722: 20717: 20712: 20707: 20702: 20697: 20692: 20687: 20682: 20676: 20671: 20666: 20661: 20656: 20651: 20649:Air flow meter 20645: 20643: 20637: 20636: 20634: 20633: 20628: 20623: 20618: 20613: 20607: 20602: 20597: 20592: 20587: 20582: 20577: 20572: 20567: 20562: 20557: 20552: 20547: 20542: 20537: 20532: 20527: 20522: 20517: 20512: 20507: 20502: 20497: 20492: 20487: 20482: 20477: 20472: 20467: 20462: 20457: 20452: 20447: 20442: 20437: 20432: 20427: 20425:Heating system 20422: 20417: 20412: 20407: 20405:Heat exchanger 20402: 20397: 20392: 20387: 20382: 20377: 20372: 20370:Gas compressor 20367: 20362: 20357: 20352: 20347: 20342: 20337: 20332: 20327: 20322: 20317: 20312: 20307: 20305:Expansion tank 20302: 20297: 20292: 20287: 20282: 20277: 20272: 20267: 20262: 20257: 20252: 20247: 20242: 20237: 20232: 20227: 20225:Ceramic heater 20222: 20217: 20212: 20207: 20202: 20197: 20192: 20187: 20182: 20177: 20172: 20167: 20162: 20157: 20152: 20146: 20144: 20140: 20139: 20137: 20136: 20131: 20126: 20120: 20114: 20108: 20103: 20098: 20093: 20088: 20083: 20078: 20073: 20068: 20066:Solar air heat 20063: 20058: 20056:Renewable heat 20053: 20048: 20043: 20038: 20033: 20028: 20023: 20018: 20013: 20008: 20003: 19998: 19993: 19988: 19983: 19978: 19972: 19967: 19965:Forced-air gas 19962: 19957: 19952: 19946: 19941: 19936: 19931: 19926: 19920: 19915: 19909: 19904: 19899: 19893: 19888: 19883: 19878: 19873: 19868: 19863: 19858: 19853: 19848: 19843: 19838: 19832: 19830: 19826: 19825: 19823: 19822: 19817: 19815:Thermodynamics 19812: 19807: 19802: 19797: 19792: 19787: 19785:Psychrometrics 19782: 19777: 19772: 19767: 19762: 19757: 19752: 19747: 19742: 19740:Gas compressor 19737: 19735:Fluid dynamics 19732: 19727: 19722: 19717: 19712: 19707: 19702: 19696: 19694: 19688: 19687: 19680: 19679: 19672: 19665: 19657: 19648: 19647: 19645: 19644: 19639: 19634: 19629: 19618: 19606: 19603: 19602: 19600: 19599: 19594: 19589: 19587:Sustainability 19584: 19579: 19578: 19577: 19567: 19562: 19557: 19552: 19547: 19542: 19537: 19532: 19527: 19522: 19517: 19512: 19507: 19502: 19496: 19494: 19488: 19487: 19485: 19484: 19482:Water scarcity 19479: 19474: 19469: 19464: 19459: 19454: 19449: 19444: 19439: 19434: 19429: 19424: 19419: 19417:Nitrogen cycle 19414: 19409: 19404: 19399: 19394: 19389: 19384: 19382:Forest dieback 19379: 19374: 19369: 19364: 19359: 19354: 19349: 19344: 19339: 19334: 19329: 19324: 19323: 19322: 19317: 19310:Climate change 19307: 19306: 19305: 19300: 19295: 19284: 19282: 19276: 19275: 19273: 19272: 19267: 19266: 19265: 19255: 19254: 19253: 19248: 19243: 19238: 19228: 19223: 19218: 19213: 19208: 19203: 19198: 19193: 19188: 19183: 19178: 19177: 19176: 19171: 19166: 19161: 19151: 19150: 19149: 19144: 19139: 19134: 19129: 19127:nanotechnology 19124: 19119: 19114: 19109: 19099: 19094: 19089: 19084: 19079: 19074: 19073: 19072: 19067: 19062: 19057: 19052: 19047: 19042: 19032: 19031: 19030: 19025: 19020: 19015: 19005: 19000: 18995: 18990: 18989: 18988: 18983: 18978: 18973: 18968: 18963: 18958: 18947: 18945: 18939: 18938: 18936: 18935: 18930: 18925: 18920: 18915: 18914: 18913: 18911:on marine life 18903: 18902: 18901: 18899:list of issues 18891: 18886: 18881: 18875: 18873: 18869: 18868: 18861: 18860: 18853: 18846: 18838: 18829: 18828: 18769: 18766: 18765: 18763: 18762: 18757: 18752: 18748: 18744: 18739: 18737:Law by country 18734: 18728: 18726: 18720: 18719: 18717: 18716: 18711: 18706: 18701: 18696: 18691: 18686: 18681: 18675: 18673: 18669: 18668: 18666: 18665: 18660: 18655: 18650: 18645: 18640: 18635: 18630: 18624: 18622: 18618: 18617: 18615: 18614: 18609: 18608: 18607: 18602: 18591: 18589: 18585: 18584: 18582: 18581: 18576: 18571: 18566: 18561: 18559:Surface runoff 18556: 18551: 18546: 18541: 18540: 18539: 18534: 18524: 18519: 18514: 18509: 18504: 18499: 18494: 18489: 18484: 18483: 18482: 18472: 18467: 18462: 18457: 18452: 18447: 18445:Eutrophication 18442: 18437: 18432: 18426: 18424: 18418: 18417: 18415: 18414: 18409: 18404: 18402:Scorched earth 18399: 18396:nuclear winter 18392:nuclear famine 18381: 18371: 18365: 18363: 18357: 18356: 18354: 18353: 18348: 18343: 18338: 18333: 18327: 18325: 18319: 18318: 18316: 18315: 18309: 18307: 18301: 18300: 18298: 18297: 18296: 18295: 18290: 18280: 18275: 18270: 18269: 18268: 18258: 18253: 18252: 18251: 18241: 18240: 18239: 18237:Uranium mining 18234: 18229: 18224: 18222:Surface mining 18219: 18214: 18204: 18199: 18198: 18197: 18187: 18186: 18185: 18180: 18175: 18173:Lead poisoning 18170: 18165: 18163:Chemical waste 18160: 18150: 18145: 18140: 18135: 18134: 18133: 18123: 18118: 18113: 18107: 18105: 18101: 18100: 18098: 18097: 18092: 18087: 18082: 18077: 18075:Bioremediation 18072: 18067: 18066: 18065: 18060: 18055: 18044: 18042: 18036: 18035: 18033: 18032: 18027: 18022: 18017: 18012: 18007: 18002: 17997: 17992: 17990:Bioremediation 17987: 17981: 17979: 17973: 17972: 17970: 17969: 17964: 17961: 17958: 17955: 17954: 17953: 17943: 17938: 17937: 17936: 17931: 17926: 17921: 17916: 17911:Transportation 17907: 17905: 17899: 17898: 17896: 17895: 17890: 17885: 17880: 17874: 17872: 17868: 17867: 17865: 17864: 17859: 17858: 17857: 17852: 17841: 17839: 17833: 17832: 17830: 17829: 17823: 17821: 17817: 17816: 17814: 17813: 17812: 17811: 17801: 17796: 17790: 17788: 17782: 17781: 17779: 17778: 17773: 17768: 17767: 17766: 17756: 17755: 17754: 17744: 17739: 17734: 17733: 17732: 17727: 17722: 17717: 17712: 17702: 17697: 17692: 17687: 17685:Global dimming 17682: 17677: 17672: 17671: 17670: 17660: 17659: 17658: 17656:Diesel exhaust 17648: 17643: 17642: 17641: 17631: 17630: 17629: 17624: 17619: 17614: 17604: 17599: 17594: 17589: 17583: 17581: 17575: 17574: 17569: 17566: 17565: 17558: 17557: 17550: 17543: 17535: 17526: 17525: 17523: 17522: 17517: 17512: 17507: 17503: 17501: 17497: 17496: 17494: 17493: 17488: 17483: 17477: 17475: 17471: 17470: 17468: 17467: 17461: 17455: 17448: 17446: 17443:Weather scales 17440: 17439: 17437: 17436: 17431: 17425: 17423: 17417: 17416: 17414: 17413: 17408: 17403: 17398: 17392: 17390: 17384: 17383: 17380: 17379: 17377: 17376: 17371: 17365: 17363: 17357: 17356: 17354: 17353: 17348: 17342: 17340: 17334: 17333: 17331: 17330: 17325: 17319: 17317: 17307: 17306: 17304: 17303: 17298: 17293: 17288: 17282: 17280: 17273: 17265: 17264: 17261: 17260: 17258: 17257: 17251: 17249: 17245: 17244: 17242: 17241: 17236: 17230: 17228: 17221: 17220: 17218: 17217: 17211: 17209: 17202: 17198: 17197: 17195: 17190: 17185: 17180: 17178: 17174: 17173: 17171: 17170: 17165: 17160: 17154: 17151: 17150: 17148: 17147: 17142: 17137: 17131: 17129: 17128:Freezing spray 17125: 17124: 17122: 17121: 17116: 17110: 17108: 17107:Hazardous seas 17104: 17103: 17101: 17100: 17095: 17089: 17087: 17083: 17082: 17080: 17079: 17074: 17068: 17066: 17062: 17061: 17059: 17058: 17053: 17047: 17045: 17039: 17038: 17036: 17035: 17030: 17025: 17019: 17017: 17010: 17000: 16999: 16996: 16995: 16993: 16992: 16987: 16985:Frost advisory 16982: 16977: 16972: 16966: 16964: 16960: 16959: 16957: 16956: 16950: 16948: 16944: 16943: 16941: 16940: 16935: 16930: 16925: 16919: 16917: 16911: 16910: 16908: 16907: 16902: 16897: 16891: 16889: 16880: 16872: 16871: 16868: 16867: 16865: 16864: 16858: 16856: 16852: 16851: 16849: 16848: 16843: 16838: 16832: 16830: 16826: 16825: 16823: 16822: 16817: 16812: 16807: 16801: 16799: 16795: 16794: 16792: 16791: 16786: 16781: 16776: 16770: 16768: 16762: 16761: 16759: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16743: 16737: 16735: 16729: 16728: 16726: 16721: 16716: 16711: 16709: 16700: 16694: 16693: 16691: 16690: 16685: 16680: 16674: 16671: 16670: 16668: 16667: 16662: 16656: 16654: 16648: 16647: 16645: 16644: 16639: 16633: 16631: 16625: 16624: 16622: 16621: 16616: 16610: 16608: 16602: 16601: 16599: 16598: 16593: 16587: 16585: 16579: 16578: 16576: 16575: 16570: 16564: 16562: 16553: 16545: 16544: 16541: 16540: 16538: 16537: 16532: 16527: 16521: 16519: 16513: 16512: 16510: 16509: 16504: 16498: 16496: 16490: 16489: 16487: 16486: 16480: 16478: 16472: 16471: 16469: 16468: 16463: 16458: 16452: 16450: 16444: 16443: 16441: 16440: 16434: 16432: 16428: 16427: 16425: 16424: 16419: 16417:Blizzard watch 16414: 16408: 16406: 16400: 16399: 16397: 16396: 16391: 16385: 16383: 16377: 16376: 16374: 16373: 16367: 16365: 16358: 16352: 16351: 16348: 16347: 16345: 16344: 16338: 16336: 16332: 16331: 16329: 16328: 16323: 16318: 16313: 16308: 16302: 16300: 16294: 16293: 16291: 16290: 16285: 16280: 16275: 16269: 16267: 16258: 16252: 16251: 16240: 16239: 16232: 16225: 16217: 16211: 16210: 16205: 16195: 16185: 16180: 16171: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16148: 16144: 16136: 16132: 16124: 16120: 16115: 16108: 16105: 16104: 16103: 16089: 16084: 16079: 16070: 16065: 16058: 16055: 16053: 16052:External links 16050: 16049: 16048: 16044:JEFF CHARLTON 16042: 16024: 16019: 15990: 15955: 15922: 15914: 15906: 15898: 15887: 15877: 15863: 15818: 15807: 15802: 15796: 15782: 15779: 15778: 15777: 15734: 15723: 15718: 15673: 15669: 15652: 15649: 15648: 15647: 15635: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15610: 15607:. 7 June 2023. 15596: 15576: 15562: 15542: 15528: 15510: 15496: 15482: 15468: 15454: 15434: 15423:on 1 July 2011 15407: 15388: 15378: 15328: 15317: 15262: 15233: 15213: 15194: 15175: 15157: 15125: 15102:Call in letter 15091: 15062: 15044: 15033: 15013: 14999: 14985: 14959: 14949: 14928: 14906: 14881: 14863: 14841: 14827: 14822:airkorea.or.kr 14809: 14792: 14772: 14762: 14740: 14729:. Ec.europa.eu 14715: 14683: 14660: 14611: 14585: 14566: 14554: 14542: 14524: 14493: 14474: 14425: 14383: 14372: 14323: 14294:(7): e001653. 14281: 14270: 14221: 14195: 14171: 14141: 14112:(4): 480–485. 14089: 14046: 14019:(4): 389–402. 14000: 13972: 13928: 13877: 13830: 13816: 13756: 13689: 13663: 13644: 13630: 13612: 13552: 13505: 13496: 13467:(9): 1132–41. 13444: 13415:(6761): 1111. 13395: 13346: 13309:(3): 311–320. 13289: 13232: 13181: 13150: 13123:(4): 369–381. 13107: 13078:(1): 194–201. 13058: 13039: 12989: 12978: 12951:(4): 449–461. 12935: 12886: 12860: 12811: 12804: 12785: 12771: 12728: 12682: 12664: 12613: 12594:(9): 813–822. 12571: 12552: 12523:(2): 409–416. 12502: 12445: 12397: 12368:(12): 126002. 12343: 12288: 12261:(2): 701–714. 12242: 12205:(4): 430–439. 12182: 12119: 12067: 12020: 11994: 11980: 11960: 11909: 11870:(5): 797–803. 11857: 11846: 11789: 11739: 11728: 11714: 11700: 11651: 11625: 11568: 11517: 11474: 11460: 11446: 11432: 11429:. 6 July 2022. 11418: 11404: 11386: 11368: 11344: 11330: 11283: 11280:. 3 June 2021. 11269: 11255: 11252:. 3 June 2021. 11241: 11227: 11213: 11204: 11164: 11153: 11096: 11067:(5): 589–596. 11047: 11025: 11016: 10981: 10968: 10944: 10926: 10880: 10823: 10782: 10763:(2): 159–162. 10743: 10700: 10678: 10666: 10643: 10602: 10559: 10526: 10473: 10426: 10375: 10326: 10274: 10233: 10206: 10181: 10154:(3): 207–212. 10130: 10087: 10057: 10027: 10006: 9976: 9957:(4): 255–278. 9938: 9923: 9893: 9870: 9829: 9764: 9699: 9677: 9653: 9636: 9610: 9555: 9511: 9491: 9425: 9374: 9327: 9283: 9242: 9191: 9160: 9121: 9070: 9040: 9010: 8966: 8939:(4): 513–543. 8920: 8875: 8856:(12): 2002–9. 8836: 8817: 8791: 8762: 8748: 8734: 8720: 8706: 8692: 8678: 8664: 8661:. 24 May 2016. 8650: 8647:. 25 May 2016. 8636: 8619: 8605: 8591: 8577: 8563: 8549: 8535: 8521: 8506: 8457: 8445: 8435: 8410: 8376: 8362: 8335: 8304: 8278: 8248: 8199: 8169: 8130:(8): 2836–41. 8110: 8080: 8062: 8048: 8034: 8020: 8006: 7992: 7978: 7952: 7909: 7895: 7877: 7834: 7791: 7772:Sustainability 7758: 7744: 7727: 7701: 7680: 7631: 7592: 7565:(2): 179–198. 7545: 7496: 7481: 7467:. OECD. 2020. 7456: 7413: 7369: 7358: 7301: 7287: 7219: 7205: 7154: 7105: 7087: 7082:www.epd.gov.hk 7069: 7052: 6992: 6976: 6960: 6946: 6920: 6902: 6888: 6874: 6860: 6852: 6848: 6838: 6799: 6763: 6732:(4): 324–329. 6719: 6708: 6661: 6617: 6578: 6537:Environ Pollut 6527: 6487: 6473: 6459: 6424: 6405: 6395: 6378: 6319: 6300: 6289:on 29 May 2016 6270: 6241: 6182: 6148: 6141: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6102: 6093: 6084: 6075: 6066: 6057: 6052: 6044: 6039: 6031: 6026: 6018: 6013: 6005: 5996: 5991: 5983: 5978: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5962: 5959: 5956: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5933:Pneumoconiosis 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5877: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5820:Heavy industry 5817: 5812: 5803: 5794: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5763:Chip formation 5760: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5730: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5703: 5699: 5698: 5693: 5691: 5684: 5682: 5677: 5675: 5668: 5664: 5661: 5641: 5637: 5617: 5614: 5609: 5597: 5594: 5581: 5561: 5558: 5552: 5544: 5541: 5535: 5526: 5525: 5505: 5503: 5492: 5489: 5485:Shamian Island 5480: 5476: 5458: 5455: 5446:Latrobe Valley 5437: 5433: 5430: 5423: 5422: 5419: 5416: 5402: 5395: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5365: 5362: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5323: 5317: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5261: 5258: 5245: 5239: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5193: 5187: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5167: 5161: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5011: 5005: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4949: 4946: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4871: 4868: 4855: 4849: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4819: 4816: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4777: 4771: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4751: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4637: 4633: 4632: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4595: 4542: 4495: 4452: 4441: 4401: 4394:Salt Lake City 4370: 4349:and +3.7 4330: 4299: 4272: 4248: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4205: 4197: 4196:Affected areas 4194: 4180: 4177: 4144: 4143: 4137:September 2016 4120: 4118: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4093: 4089: 4073: 4070: 4060: 4059:United Kingdom 4057: 4054: 4053: 4052:150–1200 μg/m 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3999: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3966:European Union 3961: 3960:European Union 3958: 3953: 3949: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3857: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3757:European Union 3753: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3671: 3668: 3648: 3645: 3638: 3635: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3589: 3586: 3579: 3578: 3558: 3556: 3545: 3542: 3445: 3442: 3437: 3419: 3416: 3389: 3386: 3369: 3366: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3341: 3337: 3332:and premature 3288:Lead poisoning 3283: 3280: 3271: 3243:cardiovascular 3222: 3212: 3209: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3168: 3118: 3115: 3070: 3053: 3052: 3033: 3031: 3024: 3018: 3015: 2978: 2968:lead poisoning 2926:recycling yard 2905: 2904: 2884: 2882: 2871: 2868: 2864: 2863: 2860: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2807: 2804: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2793: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2763:Water droplets 2760: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2705: 2702: 2696: 2693: 2689:particle count 2661:diesel engines 2626:cardiovascular 2620: 2609: 2587: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2526: 2525:Health effects 2523: 2476:Indian monsoon 2468:Mount Pinatubo 2440: 2437: 2425: 2422: 2390:global dimming 2252:sulfur dioxide 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2219:Global dimming 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2196: 2193: 2148: 2145: 2096: 2093: 2062: 2059: 2026: 2025: 1987: 1985: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1942:photodetectors 1938:deposit gauges 1926:Main article: 1923: 1920: 1899: 1896: 1847:Fabric filters 1805:Dust collector 1803:Main article: 1794:Fabric filters 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1749:Main article: 1746: 1743: 1724: 1721: 1695: 1692: 1687: 1654:Organic matter 1488: 1485: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1457:United Kingdom 1449:Main article: 1446: 1443: 1403: 1402: 1396: 1385: 1370: 1367:cooling towers 1363: 1357: 1350: 1344: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1326: 1320: 1310: 1307: 1293: 1287: 1281: 1217: 1214: 1208: 1164: 1142: 1077: 1076: 1074: 1073: 1066: 1059: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1033: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1001: 1000: 996: 995: 994: 993: 988: 983: 978: 976:Law by country 973: 965: 964: 958: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 916: 913: 912: 909: 908: 905: 904: 903: 902: 897: 887: 881: 878: 877: 874: 873: 870: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 847:Surface runoff 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 747:Eutrophication 744: 739: 734: 728: 723: 722: 719: 718: 715: 714: 709: 704: 702:Scorched earth 699: 698: 697: 695:Nuclear winter 692: 690:Nuclear famine 687: 677: 676: 675: 665: 659: 654: 653: 650: 649: 646: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 619: 614: 613: 610: 609: 606: 605: 599: 594: 593: 590: 589: 586: 585: 579: 576: 575: 572: 571: 568: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 481: 478: 477: 474: 473: 470: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 447:Bioremediation 444: 439: 433: 428: 427: 424: 423: 420: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 377:Bioremediation 374: 368: 363: 362: 359: 358: 355: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 327:Transportation 323: 318: 317: 314: 313: 310: 309: 304: 299: 294: 288: 285: 284: 281: 280: 277: 276: 274:Radio spectrum 271: 270: 269: 264: 253: 248: 247: 244: 243: 240: 239: 233: 230: 229: 226: 225: 222: 221: 220: 219: 209: 204: 198: 193: 192: 189: 188: 185: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 142:Global dimming 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 103: 98: 97: 94: 93: 90: 82: 81: 75: 74: 52: 48: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21105: 21094: 21091: 21089: 21086: 21084: 21081: 21079: 21078:Air pollution 21076: 21074: 21071: 21069: 21066: 21064: 21061: 21059: 21056: 21055: 21053: 21038: 21035: 21033: 21030: 21028: 21025: 21023: 21020: 21018: 21015: 21013: 21010: 21008: 21005: 21003: 21000: 20999: 20997: 20993: 20986: 20983: 20980: 20977: 20975: 20972: 20969: 20966: 20965: 20963: 20959: 20953: 20950: 20948: 20945: 20943: 20940: 20938: 20935: 20933: 20930: 20928: 20925: 20923: 20920: 20918: 20915: 20913: 20910: 20908: 20905: 20903: 20900: 20898: 20895: 20894: 20892: 20890:organizations 20886: 20880: 20877: 20875: 20872: 20870: 20867: 20865: 20862: 20860: 20857: 20855: 20852: 20850: 20847: 20845: 20842: 20840: 20837: 20835: 20834:Duct cleaning 20832: 20830: 20827: 20824: 20821: 20819: 20816: 20814: 20811: 20809: 20806: 20804: 20801: 20800: 20798: 20790: 20784: 20781: 20779: 20776: 20774: 20771: 20768: 20765: 20763: 20760: 20758: 20755: 20753: 20750: 20748: 20745: 20743: 20740: 20738: 20735: 20732: 20729: 20726: 20723: 20721: 20718: 20716: 20713: 20711: 20708: 20706: 20703: 20701: 20698: 20696: 20693: 20691: 20688: 20686: 20685:Control valve 20683: 20680: 20677: 20675: 20672: 20670: 20667: 20665: 20662: 20660: 20657: 20655: 20652: 20650: 20647: 20646: 20644: 20638: 20632: 20629: 20627: 20624: 20622: 20619: 20617: 20614: 20611: 20608: 20606: 20605:Turning vanes 20603: 20601: 20598: 20596: 20593: 20591: 20588: 20586: 20583: 20581: 20580:Thermal wheel 20578: 20576: 20573: 20571: 20568: 20566: 20563: 20561: 20558: 20556: 20553: 20551: 20548: 20546: 20545:Solar chimney 20543: 20541: 20538: 20536: 20533: 20531: 20528: 20526: 20523: 20521: 20518: 20516: 20513: 20511: 20508: 20506: 20503: 20501: 20498: 20496: 20493: 20491: 20488: 20486: 20483: 20481: 20478: 20476: 20473: 20471: 20468: 20466: 20463: 20461: 20458: 20456: 20453: 20451: 20448: 20446: 20443: 20441: 20438: 20436: 20433: 20431: 20428: 20426: 20423: 20421: 20418: 20416: 20413: 20411: 20408: 20406: 20403: 20401: 20398: 20396: 20393: 20391: 20388: 20386: 20383: 20381: 20378: 20376: 20373: 20371: 20368: 20366: 20363: 20361: 20358: 20356: 20353: 20351: 20348: 20346: 20343: 20341: 20338: 20336: 20333: 20331: 20328: 20326: 20323: 20321: 20318: 20316: 20315:Fan coil unit 20313: 20311: 20308: 20306: 20303: 20301: 20298: 20296: 20293: 20291: 20288: 20286: 20283: 20281: 20278: 20276: 20273: 20271: 20268: 20266: 20263: 20261: 20260:Cooling tower 20258: 20256: 20253: 20251: 20248: 20246: 20243: 20241: 20238: 20236: 20233: 20231: 20228: 20226: 20223: 20221: 20218: 20216: 20213: 20211: 20208: 20206: 20203: 20201: 20198: 20196: 20193: 20191: 20188: 20186: 20183: 20181: 20178: 20176: 20173: 20171: 20168: 20166: 20163: 20161: 20158: 20156: 20153: 20151: 20148: 20147: 20145: 20141: 20135: 20132: 20130: 20127: 20124: 20121: 20118: 20115: 20112: 20109: 20107: 20106:Vapor barrier 20104: 20102: 20099: 20097: 20094: 20092: 20089: 20087: 20084: 20082: 20081:Solar heating 20079: 20077: 20076:Solar cooling 20074: 20072: 20069: 20067: 20064: 20062: 20059: 20057: 20054: 20052: 20051:Refrigeration 20049: 20047: 20044: 20042: 20039: 20037: 20034: 20032: 20029: 20027: 20024: 20022: 20021:Passive house 20019: 20017: 20014: 20012: 20009: 20007: 20004: 20002: 19999: 19997: 19994: 19992: 19989: 19987: 19984: 19982: 19979: 19976: 19973: 19971: 19968: 19966: 19963: 19961: 19958: 19956: 19953: 19950: 19947: 19945: 19942: 19940: 19937: 19935: 19932: 19930: 19927: 19924: 19921: 19919: 19916: 19913: 19910: 19908: 19905: 19903: 19900: 19897: 19894: 19892: 19891:Chilled water 19889: 19887: 19884: 19882: 19879: 19877: 19874: 19872: 19869: 19867: 19864: 19862: 19859: 19857: 19854: 19852: 19849: 19847: 19844: 19842: 19839: 19837: 19834: 19833: 19831: 19827: 19821: 19818: 19816: 19813: 19811: 19808: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19796: 19793: 19791: 19790:Sensible heat 19788: 19786: 19783: 19781: 19778: 19776: 19773: 19771: 19770:Noise control 19768: 19766: 19763: 19761: 19758: 19756: 19753: 19751: 19750:Heat transfer 19748: 19746: 19743: 19741: 19738: 19736: 19733: 19731: 19728: 19726: 19723: 19721: 19718: 19716: 19713: 19711: 19708: 19706: 19703: 19701: 19698: 19697: 19695: 19689: 19685: 19678: 19673: 19671: 19666: 19664: 19659: 19658: 19655: 19643: 19640: 19638: 19635: 19633: 19630: 19628: 19619: 19617: 19608: 19607: 19604: 19598: 19595: 19593: 19590: 19588: 19585: 19583: 19580: 19576: 19573: 19572: 19571: 19570:Reforestation 19568: 19566: 19563: 19561: 19558: 19556: 19553: 19551: 19548: 19546: 19543: 19541: 19538: 19536: 19533: 19531: 19528: 19526: 19525:Cultured meat 19523: 19521: 19518: 19516: 19513: 19511: 19508: 19506: 19505:Birth control 19503: 19501: 19498: 19497: 19495: 19493: 19489: 19483: 19480: 19478: 19475: 19473: 19470: 19468: 19465: 19463: 19460: 19458: 19455: 19453: 19450: 19448: 19445: 19443: 19440: 19438: 19435: 19433: 19430: 19428: 19425: 19423: 19420: 19418: 19415: 19413: 19410: 19408: 19405: 19403: 19400: 19398: 19395: 19393: 19390: 19388: 19385: 19383: 19380: 19378: 19375: 19373: 19370: 19368: 19365: 19363: 19360: 19358: 19355: 19353: 19350: 19348: 19345: 19343: 19340: 19338: 19335: 19333: 19330: 19328: 19327:Deforestation 19325: 19321: 19318: 19316: 19313: 19312: 19311: 19308: 19304: 19301: 19299: 19296: 19294: 19291: 19290: 19289: 19286: 19285: 19283: 19281: 19277: 19271: 19268: 19264: 19261: 19260: 19259: 19256: 19252: 19249: 19247: 19244: 19242: 19239: 19237: 19234: 19233: 19232: 19229: 19227: 19224: 19222: 19219: 19217: 19214: 19212: 19209: 19207: 19204: 19202: 19199: 19197: 19194: 19192: 19189: 19187: 19184: 19182: 19179: 19175: 19172: 19170: 19167: 19165: 19162: 19160: 19157: 19156: 19155: 19152: 19148: 19145: 19143: 19140: 19138: 19135: 19133: 19130: 19128: 19125: 19123: 19120: 19118: 19115: 19113: 19110: 19108: 19105: 19104: 19103: 19102:Manufacturing 19100: 19098: 19095: 19093: 19090: 19088: 19085: 19083: 19080: 19078: 19075: 19071: 19068: 19066: 19063: 19061: 19058: 19056: 19053: 19051: 19050:nuclear power 19048: 19046: 19045:fracking (US) 19043: 19041: 19038: 19037: 19036: 19033: 19029: 19026: 19024: 19021: 19019: 19016: 19014: 19011: 19010: 19009: 19006: 19004: 19001: 18999: 18996: 18994: 18991: 18987: 18984: 18982: 18979: 18977: 18974: 18972: 18969: 18967: 18964: 18962: 18959: 18957: 18954: 18953: 18952: 18949: 18948: 18946: 18944: 18940: 18934: 18931: 18929: 18926: 18924: 18921: 18919: 18916: 18912: 18909: 18908: 18907: 18904: 18900: 18897: 18896: 18895: 18892: 18890: 18887: 18885: 18882: 18880: 18877: 18876: 18874: 18870: 18866: 18859: 18854: 18852: 18847: 18845: 18840: 18839: 18836: 18826: 18816: 18811: 18806: 18798: 18790: 18781: 18777: 18767: 18761: 18758: 18756: 18753: 18751: 18745: 18743: 18740: 18738: 18735: 18733: 18730: 18729: 18727: 18725: 18721: 18715: 18712: 18710: 18707: 18705: 18702: 18700: 18697: 18695: 18692: 18690: 18687: 18685: 18682: 18680: 18677: 18676: 18674: 18670: 18664: 18661: 18659: 18656: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18646: 18644: 18641: 18639: 18636: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18626: 18625: 18623: 18619: 18613: 18610: 18606: 18603: 18601: 18598: 18597: 18596: 18593: 18592: 18590: 18586: 18580: 18579:Water quality 18577: 18575: 18572: 18570: 18567: 18565: 18562: 18560: 18557: 18555: 18552: 18550: 18547: 18545: 18542: 18538: 18535: 18533: 18530: 18529: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18520: 18518: 18515: 18513: 18510: 18508: 18505: 18503: 18500: 18498: 18495: 18493: 18490: 18488: 18485: 18481: 18478: 18477: 18476: 18473: 18471: 18468: 18466: 18463: 18461: 18458: 18456: 18453: 18451: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18441: 18438: 18436: 18433: 18431: 18428: 18427: 18425: 18423: 18419: 18413: 18410: 18408: 18405: 18403: 18400: 18397: 18393: 18389: 18385: 18382: 18379: 18375: 18372: 18370: 18367: 18366: 18364: 18362: 18358: 18352: 18349: 18347: 18344: 18342: 18341:Traffic signs 18339: 18337: 18334: 18332: 18329: 18328: 18326: 18324: 18320: 18314: 18311: 18310: 18308: 18306: 18302: 18294: 18291: 18289: 18286: 18285: 18284: 18281: 18279: 18276: 18274: 18271: 18267: 18266:Microplastics 18264: 18263: 18262: 18259: 18257: 18256:Nanomaterials 18254: 18250: 18247: 18246: 18245: 18242: 18238: 18235: 18233: 18230: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18210: 18209: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18196: 18195:Lead smelting 18193: 18192: 18191: 18188: 18184: 18181: 18179: 18176: 18174: 18171: 18169: 18166: 18164: 18161: 18159: 18156: 18155: 18154: 18151: 18149: 18146: 18144: 18141: 18139: 18136: 18132: 18129: 18128: 18127: 18124: 18122: 18119: 18117: 18114: 18112: 18109: 18108: 18106: 18102: 18096: 18093: 18091: 18088: 18086: 18083: 18081: 18078: 18076: 18073: 18071: 18068: 18064: 18061: 18059: 18056: 18054: 18051: 18050: 18049: 18046: 18045: 18043: 18041: 18037: 18031: 18028: 18026: 18023: 18021: 18018: 18016: 18015:Radioactivity 18013: 18011: 18008: 18006: 18003: 18001: 17998: 17996: 17993: 17991: 17988: 17986: 17983: 17982: 17980: 17978: 17974: 17968: 17967:Noise control 17965: 17962: 17959: 17956: 17952: 17949: 17948: 17947: 17944: 17942: 17939: 17935: 17932: 17930: 17927: 17925: 17922: 17920: 17917: 17914: 17913: 17912: 17909: 17908: 17906: 17904: 17900: 17894: 17891: 17889: 17886: 17884: 17881: 17879: 17876: 17875: 17873: 17869: 17863: 17860: 17856: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17847: 17846: 17843: 17842: 17840: 17838: 17834: 17828: 17825: 17824: 17822: 17818: 17810: 17807: 17806: 17805: 17802: 17800: 17797: 17795: 17792: 17791: 17789: 17787: 17783: 17777: 17774: 17772: 17769: 17765: 17762: 17761: 17760: 17757: 17753: 17750: 17749: 17748: 17745: 17743: 17740: 17738: 17735: 17731: 17728: 17726: 17723: 17721: 17718: 17716: 17715:Metal working 17713: 17711: 17708: 17707: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17698: 17696: 17693: 17691: 17688: 17686: 17683: 17681: 17678: 17676: 17673: 17669: 17666: 17665: 17664: 17661: 17657: 17654: 17653: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17640: 17637: 17636: 17635: 17632: 17628: 17625: 17623: 17620: 17618: 17615: 17613: 17610: 17609: 17608: 17605: 17603: 17600: 17598: 17595: 17593: 17590: 17588: 17585: 17584: 17582: 17580: 17576: 17572: 17567: 17563: 17556: 17551: 17549: 17544: 17542: 17537: 17536: 17533: 17521: 17518: 17516: 17513: 17511: 17508: 17505: 17504: 17502: 17498: 17492: 17489: 17487: 17484: 17482: 17479: 17478: 17476: 17472: 17465: 17462: 17459: 17456: 17453: 17450: 17449: 17447: 17441: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17427: 17426: 17424: 17422: 17418: 17412: 17409: 17407: 17404: 17402: 17399: 17397: 17394: 17393: 17391: 17389: 17385: 17375: 17372: 17370: 17367: 17366: 17364: 17362: 17361:Air pollution 17358: 17352: 17349: 17347: 17344: 17343: 17341: 17339: 17335: 17329: 17326: 17324: 17321: 17320: 17318: 17316: 17312: 17308: 17302: 17299: 17297: 17296:Dust advisory 17294: 17292: 17289: 17287: 17284: 17283: 17281: 17277: 17274: 17272: 17266: 17256: 17253: 17252: 17250: 17246: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17231: 17229: 17226: 17222: 17216: 17215:Wind advisory 17213: 17212: 17210: 17206: 17203: 17199: 17194: 17191: 17189: 17186: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17175: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17155: 17146: 17143: 17141: 17138: 17136: 17133: 17132: 17130: 17126: 17120: 17117: 17115: 17112: 17111: 17109: 17105: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17090: 17088: 17084: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17069: 17067: 17063: 17057: 17054: 17052: 17049: 17048: 17046: 17044: 17040: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17024: 17021: 17020: 17018: 17014: 17011: 17001: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16973: 16971: 16968: 16967: 16965: 16961: 16955: 16952: 16951: 16949: 16945: 16939: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16924: 16921: 16920: 16918: 16916: 16912: 16906: 16903: 16901: 16898: 16896: 16895:Heat advisory 16893: 16892: 16890: 16888: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16873: 16863: 16860: 16859: 16857: 16853: 16847: 16844: 16842: 16839: 16837: 16834: 16833: 16831: 16827: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16813: 16811: 16808: 16806: 16803: 16802: 16800: 16796: 16790: 16787: 16785: 16782: 16780: 16777: 16775: 16772: 16771: 16769: 16767: 16766:Coastal flood 16763: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16747: 16744: 16742: 16739: 16738: 16736: 16734: 16730: 16725: 16722: 16720: 16717: 16715: 16712: 16710: 16708: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16695: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16675: 16666: 16663: 16661: 16658: 16657: 16655: 16653: 16649: 16643: 16640: 16638: 16635: 16634: 16632: 16630: 16626: 16620: 16617: 16615: 16612: 16611: 16609: 16607: 16603: 16597: 16594: 16592: 16589: 16588: 16586: 16584: 16580: 16574: 16571: 16569: 16566: 16565: 16563: 16561: 16557: 16554: 16552: 16546: 16536: 16533: 16531: 16528: 16526: 16523: 16522: 16520: 16518: 16514: 16508: 16505: 16503: 16500: 16499: 16497: 16495: 16491: 16485: 16482: 16481: 16479: 16477: 16473: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16453: 16451: 16449: 16445: 16439: 16436: 16435: 16433: 16429: 16423: 16420: 16418: 16415: 16413: 16410: 16409: 16407: 16405: 16401: 16395: 16392: 16390: 16387: 16386: 16384: 16382: 16378: 16372: 16369: 16368: 16366: 16362: 16359: 16353: 16343: 16340: 16339: 16337: 16333: 16327: 16324: 16322: 16319: 16317: 16314: 16312: 16309: 16307: 16304: 16303: 16301: 16299: 16295: 16289: 16286: 16284: 16281: 16279: 16276: 16274: 16271: 16270: 16268: 16266: 16262: 16259: 16253: 16249: 16248:United States 16245: 16238: 16233: 16231: 16226: 16224: 16219: 16218: 16215: 16209: 16206: 16203: 16199: 16196: 16193: 16189: 16186: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16175: 16172: 16170: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16140: 16128: 16121: 16119: 16116: 16114: 16111: 16110: 16101: 16097: 16093: 16090: 16088: 16085: 16083: 16080: 16078: 16074: 16071: 16069: 16066: 16064: 16061: 16060: 16047: 16043: 16032: 16028: 16020: 16016: 16012: 16008: 16004: 16000: 15996: 15991: 15986: 15981: 15977: 15973: 15969: 15965: 15961: 15956: 15952: 15948: 15944: 15940: 15936: 15932: 15928: 15923: 15919: 15915: 15911: 15907: 15903: 15899: 15896: 15895:0 52 184287 5 15892: 15888: 15885: 15882: 15878: 15876: 15875:0-471-19410-7 15872: 15868: 15864: 15860: 15856: 15852: 15848: 15844: 15840: 15836: 15832: 15828: 15824: 15819: 15816: 15815:3-7001-2915-7 15812: 15808: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15797: 15793: 15789: 15785: 15784: 15774: 15770: 15765: 15760: 15756: 15752: 15748: 15744: 15740: 15735: 15732: 15728: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15715: 15711: 15707: 15703: 15699: 15695: 15691: 15687: 15683: 15679: 15670: 15666: 15665: 15660: 15655: 15654: 15644: 15640: 15636: 15632: 15628: 15624: 15623: 15606: 15600: 15592: 15591: 15586: 15580: 15572: 15566: 15558: 15557: 15552: 15546: 15538: 15532: 15524: 15520: 15514: 15506: 15500: 15492: 15486: 15478: 15472: 15464: 15458: 15450: 15449: 15444: 15438: 15422: 15418: 15411: 15396: 15392: 15382: 15374: 15370: 15366: 15362: 15357: 15352: 15348: 15344: 15340: 15336: 15332: 15321: 15313: 15309: 15305: 15301: 15297: 15293: 15289: 15285: 15281: 15277: 15273: 15266: 15259: 15248: 15244: 15237: 15229: 15228: 15223: 15217: 15209: 15203: 15201: 15199: 15192: 15188: 15184: 15179: 15171: 15167: 15161: 15142: 15135: 15129: 15111: 15104: 15103: 15095: 15079: 15075: 15069: 15067: 15058: 15054: 15048: 15042: 15037: 15029: 15028: 15023: 15017: 15009: 15003: 14995: 14989: 14970: 14963: 14953: 14945: 14938: 14932: 14916: 14910: 14894: 14888: 14886: 14877: 14873: 14867: 14851: 14845: 14837: 14831: 14823: 14819: 14813: 14802: 14796: 14780: 14776: 14766: 14750: 14744: 14728: 14722: 14720: 14700: 14693: 14687: 14671: 14664: 14656: 14652: 14647: 14642: 14638: 14634: 14631:(9): 906–11. 14630: 14626: 14622: 14615: 14600: 14596: 14589: 14581: 14577: 14570: 14564: 14558: 14552: 14549:The Guardian 14546: 14540: 14536: 14531: 14529: 14519: 14515: 14511: 14507: 14503: 14497: 14489: 14485: 14478: 14470: 14466: 14461: 14456: 14452: 14448: 14444: 14440: 14436: 14429: 14421: 14417: 14413: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14395: 14391: 14387: 14376: 14368: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14350: 14346: 14342: 14338: 14334: 14327: 14319: 14315: 14310: 14305: 14301: 14297: 14293: 14289: 14285: 14274: 14266: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14248: 14244: 14240: 14236: 14232: 14225: 14210: 14206: 14199: 14191: 14187: 14180: 14178: 14176: 14167: 14163: 14159: 14155: 14151: 14145: 14137: 14133: 14128: 14123: 14119: 14115: 14111: 14107: 14103: 14096: 14094: 14085: 14081: 14077: 14073: 14069: 14065: 14061: 14057: 14050: 14042: 14038: 14034: 14030: 14026: 14022: 14018: 14014: 14007: 14005: 13993: 13989: 13982: 13976: 13967: 13963: 13959: 13955: 13951: 13947: 13943: 13939: 13932: 13924: 13920: 13916: 13912: 13908: 13904: 13900: 13896: 13892: 13888: 13881: 13873: 13869: 13865: 13861: 13857: 13853: 13849: 13845: 13841: 13834: 13826: 13820: 13812: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13784: 13780: 13776: 13772: 13768: 13760: 13744: 13740: 13736: 13732: 13728: 13724: 13720: 13716: 13712: 13708: 13704: 13700: 13693: 13678: 13674: 13667: 13659: 13655: 13648: 13640: 13634: 13626: 13622: 13616: 13608: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13590: 13586: 13582: 13578: 13574: 13570: 13563: 13556: 13548: 13544: 13539: 13534: 13530: 13526: 13522: 13518: 13514: 13509: 13500: 13492: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13474: 13470: 13466: 13462: 13458: 13454: 13448: 13440: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13422: 13418: 13414: 13410: 13406: 13399: 13391: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13373: 13369: 13366:(11): 822–8. 13365: 13361: 13357: 13350: 13342: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13324: 13320: 13316: 13312: 13308: 13304: 13300: 13293: 13285: 13281: 13276: 13271: 13267: 13263: 13259: 13255: 13251: 13247: 13243: 13236: 13228: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13200: 13196: 13192: 13185: 13170: 13166: 13159: 13157: 13155: 13146: 13142: 13138: 13134: 13130: 13126: 13122: 13118: 13111: 13103: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13085: 13081: 13077: 13073: 13069: 13062: 13054: 13050: 13043: 13035: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13017: 13013: 13009: 13005: 13001: 12997: 12993: 12982: 12974: 12970: 12966: 12962: 12958: 12954: 12950: 12946: 12945:Risk Analysis 12939: 12931: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12913: 12909: 12905: 12901: 12897: 12890: 12874: 12870: 12864: 12856: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12838: 12834: 12830: 12826: 12822: 12815: 12807: 12801: 12797: 12793: 12789: 12778: 12776: 12767: 12763: 12759: 12755: 12751: 12747: 12743: 12739: 12732: 12724: 12720: 12716: 12712: 12708: 12704: 12700: 12696: 12692: 12686: 12678: 12674: 12668: 12660: 12656: 12652: 12648: 12644: 12640: 12636: 12632: 12628: 12624: 12617: 12609: 12605: 12601: 12597: 12593: 12589: 12585: 12578: 12576: 12567: 12563: 12556: 12548: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12530: 12526: 12522: 12518: 12514: 12506: 12498: 12494: 12490: 12486: 12482: 12478: 12474: 12470: 12466: 12462: 12454: 12452: 12450: 12441: 12437: 12433: 12429: 12425: 12421: 12417: 12413: 12406: 12404: 12402: 12393: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12375: 12371: 12367: 12363: 12359: 12352: 12350: 12348: 12339: 12335: 12331: 12327: 12323: 12319: 12315: 12311: 12307: 12303: 12295: 12293: 12284: 12280: 12276: 12272: 12268: 12264: 12260: 12256: 12249: 12247: 12238: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12220: 12216: 12212: 12208: 12204: 12200: 12196: 12189: 12187: 12178: 12174: 12169: 12164: 12159: 12154: 12150: 12146: 12142: 12138: 12134: 12126: 12124: 12115: 12111: 12106: 12101: 12097: 12093: 12089: 12085: 12081: 12074: 12072: 12063: 12059: 12055: 12051: 12047: 12043: 12039: 12035: 12027: 12025: 12016: 12012: 12008: 12004: 11998: 11990: 11984: 11976: 11975: 11970: 11964: 11956: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11928: 11924: 11920: 11913: 11905: 11901: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11877: 11873: 11869: 11865: 11861: 11850: 11842: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11824: 11820: 11816: 11812: 11808: 11804: 11800: 11793: 11785: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11767: 11763: 11759: 11755: 11751: 11747: 11743: 11732: 11724: 11718: 11710: 11704: 11696: 11692: 11687: 11682: 11678: 11674: 11670: 11666: 11662: 11655: 11639: 11635: 11629: 11621: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11603: 11599: 11595: 11591: 11587: 11583: 11579: 11572: 11564: 11560: 11556: 11552: 11548: 11544: 11540: 11536: 11533:: 1659–1666. 11532: 11528: 11521: 11513: 11509: 11505: 11501: 11497: 11493: 11489: 11485: 11478: 11470: 11464: 11456: 11450: 11442: 11436: 11428: 11422: 11414: 11408: 11400: 11396: 11390: 11382: 11378: 11372: 11361: 11354: 11348: 11340: 11334: 11326: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11310: 11306: 11302: 11298: 11294: 11287: 11279: 11273: 11265: 11259: 11251: 11245: 11237: 11231: 11223: 11217: 11208: 11200: 11196: 11192: 11188: 11184: 11180: 11176: 11172: 11168: 11157: 11149: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11131: 11127: 11123: 11119: 11116:(2): 027008. 11115: 11111: 11107: 11100: 11092: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11074: 11070: 11066: 11062: 11058: 11051: 11044: 11039: 11035: 11029: 11020: 11012: 11008: 11004: 11000: 10996: 10992: 10985: 10978: 10972: 10961: 10954: 10948: 10940: 10936: 10930: 10922: 10918: 10914: 10910: 10906: 10902: 10898: 10894: 10887: 10885: 10877: 10873: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10855: 10851: 10847: 10843: 10839: 10835: 10827: 10819: 10813: 10805: 10801: 10797: 10793: 10786: 10778: 10774: 10770: 10766: 10762: 10758: 10754: 10747: 10739: 10735: 10731: 10727: 10723: 10719: 10715: 10711: 10704: 10698: 10694: 10690: 10687: 10682: 10675: 10670: 10663: 10662:Geology Times 10659: 10655: 10652: 10647: 10638: 10633: 10629: 10625: 10621: 10617: 10613: 10606: 10598: 10594: 10590: 10586: 10582: 10578: 10571: 10563: 10544: 10537: 10530: 10522: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10504: 10500: 10497:(9): 094063. 10496: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10477: 10469: 10465: 10461: 10457: 10453: 10449: 10445: 10441: 10437: 10430: 10422: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10394: 10390: 10386: 10379: 10371: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10353: 10349: 10345: 10341: 10337: 10330: 10322: 10318: 10314: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10296: 10292: 10285: 10278: 10269: 10264: 10260: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10244: 10237: 10221: 10217: 10210: 10203: 10199: 10195: 10191: 10185: 10177: 10173: 10169: 10165: 10161: 10157: 10153: 10149: 10142: 10134: 10126: 10122: 10118: 10114: 10110: 10106: 10099: 10091: 10075: 10071: 10067: 10061: 10045: 10041: 10037: 10031: 10017: 10013: 10009: 10003: 9999: 9995: 9991: 9987: 9980: 9972: 9968: 9964: 9960: 9956: 9952: 9951: 9942: 9934: 9927: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9897: 9890: 9886: 9882: 9879: 9874: 9865: 9860: 9856: 9852: 9848: 9844: 9840: 9833: 9825: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9799: 9795: 9791: 9787: 9784:(5): 514–20. 9783: 9779: 9775: 9768: 9749: 9745: 9741: 9737: 9733: 9729: 9725: 9722:(5259): 244. 9721: 9717: 9710: 9703: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9681: 9674: 9670: 9667: 9662: 9660: 9658: 9650: 9646: 9640: 9625: 9621: 9614: 9606: 9602: 9598: 9594: 9590: 9586: 9582: 9578: 9574: 9570: 9566: 9559: 9551: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9533: 9529: 9525: 9518: 9516: 9509: 9505: 9501: 9495: 9487: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9469: 9465: 9461: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9445: 9441: 9437: 9429: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9409: 9405: 9401: 9397: 9393: 9389: 9385: 9378: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9358: 9354: 9350: 9346: 9342: 9338: 9331: 9322: 9317: 9313: 9309: 9305: 9301: 9297: 9290: 9288: 9278: 9273: 9269: 9265: 9261: 9257: 9253: 9246: 9238: 9234: 9230: 9226: 9222: 9218: 9214: 9210: 9206: 9202: 9195: 9187: 9183: 9179: 9175: 9171: 9164: 9156: 9152: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9132: 9125: 9117: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9074: 9058: 9054: 9050: 9044: 9036: 9032: 9025: 9023: 9021: 9019: 9017: 9015: 9005: 9000: 8996: 8992: 8988: 8984: 8980: 8973: 8971: 8962: 8958: 8954: 8950: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8927: 8925: 8914: 8909: 8905: 8901: 8897: 8893: 8886: 8879: 8871: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8847: 8840: 8832: 8828: 8821: 8805: 8801: 8795: 8780:. Defra. 2005 8779: 8772: 8766: 8758: 8752: 8744: 8738: 8730: 8724: 8716: 8710: 8702: 8696: 8688: 8682: 8674: 8668: 8660: 8654: 8646: 8640: 8632: 8626: 8624: 8615: 8609: 8601: 8595: 8587: 8581: 8573: 8567: 8559: 8553: 8545: 8539: 8531: 8525: 8517: 8510: 8502: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8476: 8472: 8468: 8461: 8453: 8449: 8439: 8420: 8414: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8380: 8372: 8366: 8359: 8358:public domain 8348: 8342: 8340: 8328: 8321: 8315: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8293: 8289: 8282: 8266: 8262: 8258: 8252: 8244: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8226: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8203: 8187: 8183: 8179: 8173: 8165: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8137: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8114: 8098: 8094: 8090: 8084: 8076: 8072: 8066: 8058: 8052: 8044: 8038: 8030: 8024: 8016: 8010: 8002: 7996: 7988: 7982: 7967: 7963: 7956: 7948: 7944: 7940: 7936: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7913: 7905: 7899: 7891: 7884: 7882: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7838: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7795: 7786: 7781: 7778:(21): 13832. 7777: 7773: 7769: 7762: 7754: 7748: 7739: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7705: 7697: 7696: 7691: 7684: 7676: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7635: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7611: 7607: 7603: 7596: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7549: 7541: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7511: 7507: 7500: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7466: 7460: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7417: 7409: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7362: 7354: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7305: 7297: 7291: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7223: 7215: 7209: 7201: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7158: 7150: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7125:(3): 157–63. 7124: 7120: 7116: 7109: 7101: 7097: 7091: 7083: 7079: 7073: 7062: 7056: 7048: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7020: 7016: 7013:(2): e03299. 7012: 7008: 7004: 6996: 6988: 6987: 6980: 6972: 6971: 6964: 6956: 6950: 6934: 6930: 6924: 6916: 6912: 6906: 6898: 6892: 6884: 6878: 6870: 6864: 6856: 6842: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6803: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6767: 6759: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6712: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6665: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6621: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6598:: 2751–2757. 6597: 6593: 6589: 6582: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6531: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6480: 6478: 6469: 6463: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6428: 6413: 6409: 6399: 6388: 6382: 6374: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6323: 6315: 6311: 6304: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6274: 6259: 6255: 6248: 6246: 6237: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6186: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6159: 6152: 6144: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6125: 6124: 6115: 6111: 6097: 6088: 6079: 6070: 6061: 6048: 6035: 6022: 6009: 6000: 5987: 5974: 5970: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5953: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5909: 5908: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5815:Fugitive dust 5813: 5811: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5718: 5716: 5711: 5707: 5688: 5683: 5672: 5667: 5666: 5663:United States 5660: 5658: 5654: 5649: 5645: 5635: 5629: 5626: 5622: 5613: 5607: 5603: 5593: 5591: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5549: 5532: 5522: 5519:February 2024 5513: 5509: 5506:This section 5504: 5501: 5497: 5496: 5488: 5486: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5454: 5451: 5450:Hunter Region 5447: 5443: 5440:pollution in 5429: 5420: 5417: 5414: 5403: 5400: 5397: 5396: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5162: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4954: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4928: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4778: 4776: 4775:Muzaffarnagar 4773: 4772: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4642: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4591: 4587: 4567: 4563: 4539: 4521: 4517: 4477: 4473: 4450: 4445: 4423: 4399: 4395: 4392:In the U.S., 4390: 4368: 4328: 4324: 4319: 4297: 4292: 4270: 4246: 4241: 4202: 4193: 4185: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4150: 4140: 4124: 4119: 4110: 4109: 4101: 4099: 4087: 4078: 4072:United States 4069: 4065: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4029: 4028: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3967: 3957: 3947: 3943: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3898: 3895: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3883:United States 3881: 3880: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3836: 3829: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3642: 3634: 3620: 3616: 3615:heart attacks 3612: 3608: 3607:air pollution 3604: 3600: 3596: 3585: 3575: 3572:February 2024 3566: 3562: 3559:This section 3557: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3488: 3483: 3482:birth defects 3479: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3459: 3455: 3450: 3441: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3385: 3381: 3379: 3375: 3365: 3350: 3345: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3279: 3275: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3260: 3255: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3240: 3239:heart attacks 3236: 3232: 3228: 3218: 3217:Chronic cough 3208: 3184: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3159: 3157: 3151: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3129:anthropogenic 3124: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3076: 3073:displayed in 3067: 3059: 3049: 3037: 3032: 3023: 3022: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3002: 3000: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2913: 2909: 2901: 2898:February 2023 2892: 2888: 2885:This section 2883: 2880: 2876: 2875: 2857: 2852: 2845: 2840: 2833: 2828: 2821: 2816: 2815: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2741:Smolder smoke 2740: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2701: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2657:nanoparticles 2653: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2616: 2612: 2605: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2550: 2546: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2487:Sahel drought 2483: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2446: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2382:visible light 2379: 2375: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2343:preterm birth 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2309: 2308:anthropogenic 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2260:sulfuric acid 2257: 2253: 2233: 2230: 2224: 2220: 2205: 2203: 2192: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2177:Twomey effect 2174: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2107:during sunset 2106: 2101: 2089: 2072: 2067: 2057: 2054: 2048: 2046: 2041: 2032: 2022: 2019: 2011: 2001: 1997: 1991: 1988:This section 1986: 1977: 1976: 1968: 1967:can be used. 1966: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1950:Aethalometers 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1929: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1908: 1904: 1895: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1855: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1833:wet scrubbers 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1812: 1806: 1798: 1795: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1764:precipitation 1758: 1752: 1742: 1740: 1734: 1731: 1730:Sahara Desert 1720: 1715: 1691: 1685: 1680: 1678: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1662:anthropogenic 1659: 1655: 1651: 1649: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1600:(liquid) and 1599: 1598:sulfuric acid 1595: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1539:Earth's crust 1536: 1532: 1528: 1522: 1518: 1509:Green: smoke 1484: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1473:some new laws 1458: 1452: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1418:conditions. 1416: 1412: 1408: 1400: 1399:Microplastics 1397: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1247: 1243: 1236: 1213: 1206: 1205:preterm birth 1202: 1198: 1194: 1193:heart disease 1190: 1189:air pollution 1186: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1138: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1126:precipitation 1123: 1122:anthropogenic 1119: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1060: 1058: 1053: 1052: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1034: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1003: 1002: 998: 997: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 968: 967: 966: 962: 961: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 917: 911: 910: 901: 898: 896: 893: 892: 891: 888: 886: 883: 882: 876: 875: 868: 865: 863: 862:Water quality 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 729: 726: 721: 720: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 682: 681: 678: 674: 671: 670: 669: 666: 664: 661: 660: 657: 652: 651: 644: 641: 639: 638:Traffic signs 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 620: 617: 612: 611: 604: 601: 600: 597: 592: 591: 584: 581: 580: 574: 573: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 545:Nanomaterials 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 482: 476: 475: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 434: 431: 426: 425: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 407:Radioactivity 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 369: 366: 361: 360: 353: 352:Soundproofing 350: 348: 347:Noise control 345: 343: 342:Noise barrier 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 324: 321: 316: 315: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 289: 283: 282: 275: 272: 268: 265: 263: 260: 259: 258: 255: 254: 251: 246: 245: 238: 235: 234: 228: 227: 218: 215: 214: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 199: 196: 191: 190: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 104: 101: 96: 95: 88: 84: 83: 80: 77: 76: 72: 68: 67: 62: 58: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 21058:Particulates 21012:Fireproofing 20796:and services 20792:Professions, 20690:Gas detector 20590:Trickle vent 20565:Smoke damper 20560:Smoke canopy 20555:Space heater 20485:Plenum space 20420:Heating film 20300:Exhaust hood 20270:Dehumidifier 20210:Blast damper 20205:Barrier pipe 20180:Air purifier 20091:Thermosiphon 19970:Free cooling 19886:Chilled beam 19810:Thermal mass 19795:Stack effect 19780:Particulates 19779: 19760:Infiltration 19691:Fundamental 19263:urban sprawl 19258:Urbanization 19206:Particulates 19205: 19191:Overdrafting 18906:Human impact 18879:Anthropocene 18658:Point source 18600:Heavy metals 18574:Urban runoff 18554:Sulfur water 18532:Septic tanks 18378:Agent Orange 18232:Mining waste 18058:Manure waste 17888:Volcanic ash 17764:Black carbon 17720:Oil refining 17705:Particulates 17704: 17634:Construction 17401:Fire warning 17271:particulates 17268: 17227:-force winds 17016:Marine winds 16947:Extreme cold 16381:Winter storm 16265:Thunderstorm 16155:distribution 16139:distribution 16127:distribution 16045: 16036:27 September 16034:. Retrieved 16030: 15998: 15967: 15963: 15934: 15930: 15880: 15866: 15826: 15822: 15791: 15746: 15742: 15726: 15681: 15677: 15662: 15643:EPA Victoria 15642: 15630: 15599: 15588: 15579: 15565: 15554: 15545: 15531: 15522: 15513: 15499: 15485: 15471: 15457: 15446: 15437: 15425:. Retrieved 15421:the original 15410: 15398:. Retrieved 15394: 15381: 15338: 15334: 15320: 15279: 15275: 15265: 15257: 15250:. Retrieved 15247:The Guardian 15246: 15236: 15225: 15216: 15185:dtsc.ca.gov 15178: 15170:the original 15160: 15148:. Retrieved 15141:the original 15128: 15117:, retrieved 15110:the original 15101: 15094: 15082:. Retrieved 15078:the original 15057:the original 15047: 15036: 15025: 15016: 15002: 14988: 14976:. Retrieved 14969:the original 14962:) and Ozone" 14952: 14943: 14931: 14919:. Retrieved 14909: 14897:. Retrieved 14875: 14866: 14854:. Retrieved 14844: 14830: 14821: 14812: 14795: 14783:. Retrieved 14779:the original 14765: 14753:. Retrieved 14743: 14731:. Retrieved 14706:. Retrieved 14686: 14674:. Retrieved 14663: 14628: 14624: 14614: 14602:. Retrieved 14598: 14588: 14579: 14569: 14557: 14545: 14535:The Guardian 14534: 14513: 14496: 14488:Toronto Star 14487: 14477: 14445:(3): 37006. 14442: 14438: 14428: 14396:(1): 88–94. 14393: 14389: 14375: 14340: 14336: 14326: 14291: 14287: 14273: 14241:(6): 893–7. 14238: 14234: 14224: 14212:. Retrieved 14208: 14198: 14189: 14157: 14153: 14144: 14109: 14105: 14059: 14055: 14049: 14016: 14012: 13992:the original 13987: 13975: 13941: 13937: 13931: 13890: 13886: 13880: 13847: 13843: 13833: 13819: 13774: 13770: 13759: 13747:. Retrieved 13743:the original 13706: 13702: 13692: 13680:. Retrieved 13676: 13666: 13657: 13647: 13633: 13624: 13615: 13572: 13568: 13555: 13520: 13516: 13499: 13464: 13460: 13447: 13412: 13408: 13398: 13363: 13359: 13349: 13306: 13302: 13292: 13249: 13245: 13235: 13198: 13194: 13184: 13172:. Retrieved 13168: 13120: 13116: 13110: 13075: 13072:Hypertension 13071: 13061: 13053:The Guardian 13052: 13042: 12999: 12995: 12981: 12948: 12944: 12938: 12903: 12899: 12889: 12877:. Retrieved 12872: 12863: 12828: 12824: 12814: 12783: 12741: 12737: 12731: 12698: 12694: 12685: 12677:the original 12667: 12626: 12622: 12616: 12591: 12587: 12566:The Guardian 12565: 12555: 12520: 12516: 12505: 12464: 12460: 12415: 12411: 12365: 12361: 12305: 12301: 12258: 12254: 12202: 12198: 12140: 12136: 12087: 12083: 12037: 12033: 11997: 11983: 11972: 11963: 11926: 11922: 11912: 11867: 11863: 11849: 11809:(1): 13317. 11806: 11802: 11792: 11749: 11745: 11731: 11717: 11703: 11668: 11664: 11654: 11642:. 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Retrieved 10070:The Guardian 10069: 10060: 10048:. Retrieved 10044:the original 10030: 10019:, retrieved 9989: 9979: 9954: 9948: 9941: 9926: 9914:. Retrieved 9910:the original 9896: 9889:ScienceDaily 9888: 9873: 9849:(D4): 8364. 9846: 9842: 9832: 9781: 9777: 9767: 9755:. Retrieved 9719: 9715: 9702: 9694:the original 9689: 9680: 9643:IPCC, 1990: 9639: 9627:. Retrieved 9623: 9613: 9575:(2): 48–57. 9572: 9568: 9558: 9531: 9527: 9494: 9443: 9439: 9428: 9387: 9383: 9377: 9344: 9340: 9330: 9303: 9299: 9259: 9255: 9245: 9204: 9200: 9194: 9177: 9173: 9163: 9138: 9134: 9124: 9083: 9079: 9073: 9061:. Retrieved 9057:the original 9052: 9043: 9034: 8986: 8982: 8936: 8932: 8895: 8891: 8878: 8853: 8849: 8839: 8830: 8820: 8808:. Retrieved 8803: 8794: 8782:. Retrieved 8777: 8765: 8751: 8737: 8723: 8709: 8695: 8681: 8667: 8653: 8639: 8608: 8594: 8580: 8566: 8552: 8538: 8524: 8509: 8474: 8470: 8460: 8452:Puraka Masks 8451: 8444:"What are PM 8438: 8426:. Retrieved 8413: 8401:. Retrieved 8389: 8379: 8365: 8327:the original 8295:. Retrieved 8291: 8281: 8269:. Retrieved 8265:the original 8260: 8251: 8216: 8212: 8202: 8190:. Retrieved 8186:the original 8181: 8172: 8127: 8123: 8113: 8101:. Retrieved 8097:the original 8092: 8083: 8074: 8065: 8051: 8037: 8023: 8009: 7995: 7981: 7969:. Retrieved 7966:The Guardian 7965: 7955: 7922: 7918: 7912: 7898: 7847: 7843: 7837: 7804: 7800: 7794: 7775: 7771: 7761: 7747: 7710: 7704: 7693: 7683: 7648: 7644: 7634: 7609: 7605: 7595: 7562: 7558: 7548: 7516:: e2018013. 7513: 7509: 7499: 7464: 7459: 7429:(1): 67–72. 7426: 7422: 7416: 7379: 7375: 7361: 7318: 7314: 7304: 7290: 7278:. Retrieved 7237: 7233: 7222: 7208: 7171: 7167: 7157: 7122: 7118: 7108: 7099: 7090: 7081: 7072: 7055: 7010: 7006: 6995: 6985: 6979: 6969: 6963: 6949: 6939:22 September 6937:. Retrieved 6932: 6923: 6914: 6905: 6891: 6877: 6863: 6841: 6816: 6812: 6802: 6777: 6773: 6772:combustor". 6766: 6729: 6725: 6711: 6678: 6674: 6664: 6631: 6627: 6620: 6595: 6591: 6581: 6540: 6536: 6530: 6497: 6493: 6462: 6437: 6433: 6427: 6415:. Retrieved 6411: 6398: 6381: 6339:(12): 7511. 6336: 6332: 6322: 6314:The Guardian 6313: 6303: 6291:. Retrieved 6287:the original 6282: 6273: 6261:. Retrieved 6257: 6199: 6195: 6185: 6168: 6164: 6151: 6122: 6114: 6096: 6087: 6078: 6069: 6060: 6047: 6034: 6021: 6008: 5999: 5986: 5973: 5906: 5905: 5879: 5878: 5810:Pea soup fog 5752:Carbon black 5712: 5708: 5700: 5650: 5646: 5630: 5619: 5599: 5584:measured in 5564:As of 2017, 5563: 5516: 5512:adding to it 5507: 5470: 5466: 5435: 5426: 5386:South Africa 5321:Shijiazhuang 5139:Khorramshahr 4658:Saudi Arabia 4593: 4546: 4540: 4456: 4446: 4391: 4320: 4293: 4242: 4211: 4190: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4155: 4134: 4122: 4083: 4066: 4062: 4049:100–150 μg/m 4025:75–800 μg/m 3963: 3939: 3912: 3882: 3860: 3838: 3816: 3786: 3756: 3734: 3712: 3704:Yearly avg. 3698:Yearly avg. 3591: 3582: 3569: 3565:adding to it 3560: 3524:strategy of 3491: 3480:, and cause 3463: 3421: 3408:Cancer Alley 3391: 3382: 3378:heart attack 3371: 3346: 3334:brain aging. 3326:pathogenesis 3323: 3308: 3305: 3276: 3268: 3264:black carbon 3257: 3251: 3220: 3185: 3178: 3162: 3160: 3152: 3126: 3080: 3043: 3035: 3003: 2995: 2984: 2976: 2964:heavy metals 2934: 2918: 2908: 2895: 2891:adding to it 2886: 2777:Yellow Brown 2707: 2698: 2688: 2685:surface area 2684: 2681: 2677:benzopyrenes 2654: 2650: 2641: 2629: 2618: 2615:gas exchange 2607: 2603: 2601: 2585: 2581: 2562: 2528: 2484: 2480:Indian Ocean 2473: 2460:Huaynaputina 2456: 2429:Black carbon 2427: 2424:Black carbon 2418:stratosphere 2371: 2334: 2330: 2262:and various 2254:reacts with 2226: 2198: 2189: 2173:cloud albedo 2169: 2150: 2140: 2124: 2050: 2037: 2014: 2005: 1989: 1962: 1931: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1892: 1845: 1841: 1814: 1779:Technologies 1760: 1735: 1726: 1717: 1681: 1674: 1652: 1645: 1627:salts; i.e. 1583: 1531:mineral dust 1524: 1481: 1454: 1420: 1404: 1382:oil refining 1354:incineration 1347:Power plants 1313:Metalworking 1284:Construction 1278:crop residue 1266:firecrackers 1258:fossil fuels 1251: 1197:lung disease 1178: 1162: 1146:, which are 1140: 1134: 1111: 1085: 1082:Particulates 1081: 1080: 950:Point source 895:Heavy metals 857:Urban runoff 842:Sulfur water 817:Septic tanks 673:Agent Orange 583:Space debris 437:Agricultural 302:Volcanic ash 162:Particulates 161: 40: 21022:Warm Spaces 20664:Blower door 20642:and control 20640:Measurement 20621:Windcatcher 20595:Trombe wall 20535:Sail switch 20515:Refrigerant 20510:Recuperator 20385:Grease duct 20345:Freeze stat 20330:Fire damper 20200:Back boiler 20170:Air ionizer 20165:Air handler 20129:Ventilation 19981:Hybrid heat 19846:Air barrier 19765:Latent heat 19377:Externality 19372:Coral reefs 19332:Defaunation 19201:Overgrazing 19174:overfishing 19154:Marine life 19028:electricity 18951:Agriculture 18628:Area source 18537:Pit latrine 18460:Groundwater 18217:Gold mining 18212:Coal mining 18183:Toxic waste 18148:Green waste 18121:Brown waste 18104:Solid waste 17651:Exhaust gas 17460:(tornadoes) 17445:used by NWS 16938:PDS warning 16878:temperature 16829:River flood 16733:Flash flood 16652:Storm surge 16476:Snow squall 16321:PDS warning 16200:. EPD HK. * 16190:. EPD HK. * 15523:www.who.int 15427:24 December 15282:: 605–615. 15150:28 December 15119:28 December 15084:28 December 14978:11 December 14856:16 November 14771:"微小粒子状物質（PM 14676:16 November 14390:Respirology 14343:: 291–298. 14214:26 November 13682:19 December 12796:10.2800/165 12040:: 763–776. 11929:(1): 6256. 11177:: 118–135. 10552:17 February 9229:10945/46780 8297:19 February 7971:13 February 7850:: 116–124. 7844:Environ Int 7801:Environ Int 7651:(1): 7238. 7168:Front Oncol 6634:: 530–540. 6628:Chemosphere 6440:: 635–647. 6417:6 September 6293:29 December 5950:Other names 5835:Metal swarf 5625:Ulaanbaatar 5616:Ulaanbaatar 5580:, 52% of PM 5566:South Korea 5560:South Korea 5483:monitor on 5442:coal mining 5399:Gandhinagar 5373:East London 4396:, Utah and 4046:50–100 μg/m 3839:South Korea 3538:rolled back 3487:carcinogens 3454:fossil fuel 3133:lung cancer 3107:risk factor 3001:of the PM. 2930:scrap metal 2673:carcinogens 2602:Similarly, 2593:bronchioles 2359:ozone layer 2327:bunker fuel 2280:evaporation 2276:hygroscopic 2256:water vapor 2195:Semi-direct 2008:August 2024 1922:Measurement 1825:(baghouses) 1610:fossil fuel 1602:nitric acid 1579:fatty acids 1487:Composition 1427:dust storms 1393:earthquakes 1323:Woodworking 1256:Burning of 1185:ultra-fines 1159:micrometers 1137:atmospheric 1110:. The term 1094:microscopic 920:Area source 762:Groundwater 515:Green waste 495:Brown waste 479:Solid waste 237:Information 132:Exhaust gas 21073:Visibility 21068:Pollutants 21052:Categories 20778:Thermostat 20700:Humidistat 20631:Zone valve 20600:TurboSwing 20475:Oil heater 20445:Humidifier 20375:Gas heater 20325:Fan heater 20295:Evaporator 20280:Economizer 20255:Compressor 20160:Air filter 20143:Components 19960:Forced-air 19856:Antifreeze 19829:Technology 19775:Outgassing 19715:Convection 19642:mitigation 19637:assessment 19632:by country 19530:Decoupling 19492:Mitigation 19221:Reservoirs 19142:pesticides 19087:Explosives 19065:reservoirs 18966:irrigation 18780:by country 18776:Categories 18714:Zero waste 18595:Pollutants 18549:Stagnation 18487:Monitoring 18455:Freshwater 18331:Air travel 18143:Food waste 18063:Pesticides 18053:Herbicides 17957:Industrial 17786:Biological 17646:Demolition 17639:Renovation 17622:Joss paper 17607:Combustion 16915:Wind chill 16887:Heat index 16583:Hurricanes 16431:Heavy snow 16364:Advisories 15937:: 119240. 15829:: 141267. 14921:1 February 14899:1 February 14785:1 February 14733:1 February 14506:Roser, Max 13850:: 104729. 13749:26 January 13709:: 134721. 13201:: 901017. 12308:: 108638. 12090:: 113307. 12005:(Report). 11752:: 157579. 11588:: 108580. 11490:: 112294. 11303:: 134282. 9757:9 February 8918:Fig. 2(a). 8428:3 February 8271:6 February 8192:6 February 8103:6 February 7807:: 107151. 7382:(3): 438. 6973:. HK: TVB. 6780:: 107674. 6726:Lung India 6543:: 118907. 6131:. p. 6107:References 5859:Respirator 5801:Pesticides 5797:Fertilizer 5747:Bioaerosol 5728:Air filter 5606:Chiang Mai 5461:See also: 5061:Chandigarh 4762:Bangladesh 4269:Ulan Bator 4240:) values. 4104:California 4043:40–50 μg/m 4040:20–40 μg/m 4022:50–75 μg/m 4019:25–50 μg/m 4016:20–25 μg/m 4013:10–20 μg/m 3777:: None; PM 3588:Regulation 3429:neutrophil 3286:See also: 3266:exposure. 3241:and other 3229:, causing 3215:See also: 3135:and other 3121:See also: 3009:, metals, 2802:Irregular 2791:Irregular 2788:Dark Brown 2780:Irregular 2769:Spherical 2747:Spherical 2736:Irregular 2695:Solubility 2543:See also: 2443:See also: 2433:fullerenes 2378:healthcare 2315:combustion 2217:See also: 2202:convection 2141:extinction 1912:smog tower 1886:lead paint 1877:renovation 1809:See also: 1755:See also: 1613:combustion 1332:Industries 1290:Renovation 1272:including 1262:joss paper 1235:power tool 1007:By country 999:Categories 890:Pollutants 867:Wastewater 837:Stagnation 782:Monitoring 757:Freshwater 623:Air travel 510:Food waste 452:Defecation 262:Ecological 195:Biological 127:Combustion 69:Part of a 57:human hair 21088:Pollution 20888:Industry 20737:OpenTherm 20415:Heat pump 20410:Heat pipe 20360:Fume hood 20335:Fireplace 20240:Condenser 20190:Attic fan 19986:Hydronics 19565:Recycling 19231:Transport 19216:Quarrying 19211:Pollution 19070:transport 19060:petroleum 19055:oil shale 19018:biodiesel 18672:Responses 18643:Garbology 18569:Turbidity 18517:Oil spill 18450:Firewater 18351:Vandalism 18313:Satellite 18010:Poisoning 18005:Plutonium 17985:Actinides 17977:Radiation 17725:Wood dust 17587:Acid rain 17562:Pollution 17279:Dust/sand 17177:High surf 16820:Statement 16789:Statement 16756:Emergency 16746:PDS watch 16517:Avalanche 16326:Emergency 16311:PDS watch 16283:PDS watch 16094:from the 16015:236389007 15951:249860528 15859:221100463 15714:260485784 15373:250512127 15365:1866-3508 15304:0269-7491 14895:. Epa.gov 14850:"細懸浮微粒管制" 14604:5 October 14190:USA Today 14084:195313204 14033:210244838 13872:214585295 13739:207944384 13523:: f7412. 13252:: 46–53. 13163:Sacks J. 12996:GeoHealth 12723:0162-1459 12715:1537-274X 12497:231677095 12440:199147061 12418:: 52–65. 12338:201057595 12283:220942039 11644:14 August 11325:252553231 11199:164216753 11130:0091-6765 10521:1748-9326 10468:255571342 10226:4 January 10176:231670652 10016:234180702 9798:0091-6765 9744:178546205 9597:0036-8733 9550:253875202 9468:0013-936X 8961:129107853 8850:Anal Chem 8471:ACS Omega 7925:: h2757. 7587:233890096 7491:136987659 7372:in China" 7262:0013-936X 6819:: 62–79. 6794:256529257 6703:257202752 6695:1680-8584 6612:226353498 6573:246355499 6522:262046328 6355:1660-4601 6263:5 October 6202:(1): 12. 5913:Asthmagen 5864:Recycling 5768:Cleanroom 5715:lightning 5473:Guangzhou 5432:Australia 5191:Abu Dhabi 4957:Ghāziābād 4853:New Delhi 4547:155 4545:level of 4516:Australia 4457:0.5 4329:, with PM 4323:Salamanca 4037:0–20 μg/m 4010:0–10 μg/m 3995:Very poor 3787:Hong Kong 3713:Australia 3520:, to the 3424:wildfires 3319:magnetite 3292:Manganism 3164:GeoHealth 3140:mortality 3091:silicosis 3046:July 2023 2539:, Germany 2519:East Asia 2499:Kimberley 2493:over the 2491:Australia 2439:Instances 2361:as well. 2339:acid rain 2304:wildfires 2300:volcanoes 2268:oxidation 2229:inorganic 1916:moss wall 1739:this page 1666:radiation 1586:oxidation 1571:potassium 1559:magnesium 1555:sea water 1551:sea spray 1439:sea spray 1435:grassland 1423:volcanoes 1389:wildfires 1360:Road dust 1296:Roadworks 1264:, waste, 1246:Excavator 1151:particles 1135:Types of 1104:suspended 1097:particles 935:Garbology 852:Turbidity 802:Oil spill 752:Firewater 737:Biosolids 643:Vandalism 402:Poisoning 397:Plutonium 372:Actinides 365:Radiation 107:Acid rain 79:Pollution 21063:Aerosols 20995:See also 20720:LonWorks 20654:Aquastat 20520:Register 20500:Radiator 20155:Air door 19955:Firestop 19755:Humidity 19730:Enthalpy 19720:Dilution 19705:Bake-out 19693:concepts 19627:Category 19251:shipping 19236:aviation 19122:plastics 19112:concrete 19097:Land use 19013:biofuels 18981:palm oil 18760:Treaties 18732:Diseases 18544:Shipping 18440:Diseases 18288:Landfill 17963:Abstract 17960:Military 17893:Wildfire 17742:Smelting 17710:Asbestos 17515:Advisory 17452:Beaufort 17421:Aviation 17269:Airborne 17003:Maritime 16923:Advisory 16876:Apparent 16862:Advisory 16836:Advisory 16810:Advisory 16774:Advisory 16724:Advisory 16629:Cyclones 16606:Typhoons 16551:cyclones 16549:Tropical 16535:Advisory 16456:Advisory 16273:Advisory 16202:Archived 16192:Archived 16100:Archived 15851:32777507 15773:12842775 15706:37537902 15395:Statista 15312:28159396 15187:Archived 14708:30 April 14699:Archived 14655:24911630 14518:Archived 14508:(2021). 14469:30875246 14420:22910313 14412:26346113 14367:31146163 14318:26178402 14265:19590679 14136:29470121 13966:20168936 13958:21353301 13923:23814778 13915:16024504 13864:32201281 13811:27601646 13731:31715478 13677:euronews 13607:28195384 13547:24452269 13491:11879110 13390:11127263 13341:19215915 13284:22835955 13227:25574176 13174:31 March 13145:95781433 13102:29760154 13034:35599962 12930:11049813 12873:euronews 12855:23245609 12766:14589790 12758:15010446 12659:23814778 12651:16024504 12608:23849838 12547:30419235 12489:33481201 12432:31557706 12392:31850801 12330:31421449 12275:32741830 12237:26399256 12177:27653281 12137:PLOS ONE 12114:31733973 12062:27609410 12009:. 1992. 11955:33737616 11904:34257389 11841:35922645 11784:35901896 11695:21846610 11620:34848915 11563:51617692 11555:29996461 11512:33984660 11191:31125731 11148:29467106 11091:18202315 11043:Angeles. 10921:10435613 10872:54922537 10738:46437912 10689:Archived 10654:Archived 10583:: 1238. 10421:36198778 10370:33510021 10321:58612273 10313:30655446 10111:: 1238. 10074:Archived 10072:. 2017. 10021:26 April 9916:17 March 9881:Archived 9748:Archived 9669:Archived 9629:17 April 9605:24942590 9486:31335134 9420:37347993 9412:14988557 9369:10807573 9237:40273867 9116:26740611 9108:17842894 8501:31458040 8243:30648145 8164:22308444 7947:40717317 7939:26001592 7872:31039519 7829:35228011 7675:33790361 7540:29642653 7451:21271240 7443:23612530 7408:29498704 7353:37995235 7344:10870829 7280:11 April 7274:Archived 7270:32391692 7200:23087908 7149:15723880 7047:32128461 6758:31290418 6656:27764746 6565:35091017 6514:37717778 6373:35742761 6236:23575443 5869:Scrubber 5721:See also 5621:Mongolia 5596:Thailand 5475:set a PM 5269:Xinxiang 4944:Pakistan 4931:Peshawar 4684:Pakistan 4520:Honolulu 4444:levels. 4179:Colorado 3989:Moderate 3412:COVID-19 3231:vascular 3227:arteries 3083:COVID-19 3077:, Poland 3075:Katowice 3007:concrete 2710:asbestos 2628:system. 2335:combined 2323:aviation 2296:plankton 2284:biogenic 2234:like (SO 2147:Indirect 1898:Measures 1882:asbestos 1625:ammonium 1617:biogenic 1527:aerosols 1378:smelting 1155:diameter 991:Treaties 971:Diseases 827:Shipping 792:Nutrient 742:Diseases 307:Wildfire 20794:trades, 20365:Furnace 20230:Chiller 19902:Coolant 19616:Commons 19392:Erosion 19342:Ecocide 19280:Effects 19226:Tourism 19159:fishing 19117:fashion 19040:fashion 18993:Bitcoin 18872:General 18789:Commons 18564:Thermal 18465:Hypoxia 18249:Garbage 18020:Uranium 17871:Natural 17820:Digital 17752:Aerosol 17730:Welding 17617:Biomass 17612:Biofuel 17571:History 17510:Warning 17500:Tsunami 17119:Warning 17093:Warning 17077:Warning 17056:Warning 17009:weather 17007:coastal 16975:Warning 16954:Warning 16933:Warning 16846:Warning 16805:Warning 16784:Warning 16751:Warning 16719:Warning 16665:Warning 16642:Warning 16619:Warning 16596:Warning 16573:Warning 16525:Warning 16484:Warning 16466:Warning 16438:Warning 16394:Warning 16357:weather 16316:Warning 16298:Tornado 16288:Warning 16246:in the 16057:Control 15999:Science 15972:Bibcode 15831:Bibcode 15764:1241576 15686:Bibcode 15620:Control 15400:1 April 15343:Bibcode 15284:Bibcode 15252:3 April 14755:27 July 14646:4154221 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