African Union Mission to Somalia

622: 320: 863:, and a week after Ethiopia received a renewed terrorism threat from the insurgent group. According to Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Ambassador Dina Mufti, the Ethiopian military's decision to join AMISOM is intended to render the peacekeeping operation more secure. Analysts also suggested that the move was primarily motivated by financial considerations, with the Ethiopian forces' operational costs now slated to be under AMISOM's allowance budget. It is believed that the Ethiopian military's long experience in Somali territory, its equipment such as helicopters, and the potential for closer coordination will help the allied forces advance their territorial gains. On the other hand, there is a certain amount of unease following Ethiopia's entry into AMISOM given local animosity originating from Ethiopia's heavy handed intervention in 2006. There are also fears that Al Shabaab could use Somali animosity towards Ethiopia as a rallying cry and to recruit more members. 479: 847: 9060: 522: 9068: 553: 773: 9176: 4391:(Lt. Col. George Mamoud Bangura) was announced and intended to relieve Leobatt 1 early in 2014. However, due to unexplained delays this second battalion completed first phase training only in January 2014, with planned second and third phase training scheduled to last a further three months each. It was then planned to relieve the first contingent in August 2014 but an Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa caused further concerns. During October 2014 it was announced the second contingent had been in isolation for four months and "cleared" of Ebola virus, but this was quickly followed by an announcement from the Sierra Leone Chief of Defence Staff that the contingent would not travel to Somalia. 9180: 900: 916: 475:’. In effect, the newly planned AU military operation in Somalia was an attempt to legitimize the Ethiopian invasion and TFG. According to Cocodia, "AMISOM was more a tool for regime change than it was a peace operation." AMISOM's deployment served as an exit strategy for Ethiopian troops, as their presence was inflaming an insurgency. On 20 February 2007, the United Nations granted authorization for the deployment of a peacekeeping mission by the African Union, known as the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM). The mission's stated primary objective was to provide support for a national reconciliation congress in Somalia. 4022: 888: 13462: 3924:

Burundian troops rather than through the Burundi government; or domestic political tensions within Burundi arising from the president running for a third term of office. By January 2017 the Burundi government threatened to withdraw its forces from Somalia altogether, arguing that these were a national contingent and not mere mercenaries, as would be suggested by the troops receiving payment directly from any third party. Subsequently agreement was reached on the question of EU payments and it was announced the Burundi contingents would remain with AMISOM in Somalia.

13090: 304: 2452: 166: 334: 5004:

insurgent group. Witnesses indicate that the Al-Shabaab fighters gave no resistance during the raid, fleeing instead to adjacent forested areas. However, al-Shabaab planted roadside explosive devices before fleeing. According to AMISOM, the successful military operation deprives the insurgent group of high extortion fees that it would previously charge to vehicles traveling along the town's principal road. The siege also now gives the Somali government full control of the Bakool province.

14698: 13620: 490:(UPDF), as Uganda played a crucial role in offering support to the initiation of the mission. By the end of the year, Burundian troops also joined the effort. AMISOM's initial mandate did not permit the use of offensive force, resulting in limited involvement in the conflict between Ethiopian forces and the insurgency. This dynamic led to growing tensions between AMISOM and the ENDF, exacerbated by a lack of transparency from Ethiopia regarding its objectives within Somalia. The 4713: 880: 5105:

also being transported to Nairobi for treatment. The militants reportedly retreat into the forest. Al-Shabaab also attack AMISOM troops that are garrisoned between Lego and Baledogle. According to AMISOM Colonel Paul Njuguna, three soldiers are killed in the ensuing skirmish. He adds that the Somali National Army and AMISOM are endeavoring to liberate the remaining areas under insurgent control, with Al-Shabaab in a much weaker state than only two years prior.

14712: 213: 4689: 4640: 140: 27: 4738: 4615: 14671: 14652: 14640: 14613: 13601: 13581: 13557: 13533: 2314: 2125: 2042: 1867: 1721: 1663: 1307: 1249: 1220: 153: 127: 2152: 2072: 1750: 1692: 1516: 1488: 1459: 1430: 1397: 1336: 1135: 4590: 226: 2287: 2260: 2233: 2179: 2015: 1986: 1956: 1838: 1633: 1604: 1278: 1192: 1103: 1071: 1039: 1007: 975: 70: 4761: 4664: 252: 239: 14589: 2422: 2395: 2368: 2341: 2100: 1897: 1809: 1779: 1574: 1544: 1164: 200: 179: 13097: 696:, where Islamist support was strongest, burned U.S., Ethiopian, and Ugandan flags in protest of the proposed peacekeeping mission. A masked representative of the resistance group, the Popular Resistance Movement in the Land of the Two Migrations, said Ethiopian troops would be attacked in their hotels; the same group had made a video warning peacekeepers to avoid coming to Somalia. By this date, 5135:. Several soldiers were captured, including Private Leonard Maingi who was later murdered by the terrorist group in August 2017. Reports of casualties among the KDF detachment were confused but a later report suggested around 150 Kenyan soldiers died in the attack, with some of their bodies being dragged publicly through the streets of nearby towns by the terrorists. 2536:– under Colonel Paul Njema. On 22 November 2017 AMISOM's twitter feed announced that Colonel Fréderic Ndayisaba of Burundi was replacing Colonel Paul K Njema of the Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) as Sector 6 Commander and described this command as a multinational sector composed of Burundian, Kenyan and Ethiopian troops based in Kismayo. 843:

Leone training (J7), and Djibouti CIMIC (J9). There would also be four sectors: Uganda responsible for Sector One (the Shabelles and Banadir), Sector Two (the Jubbas) run by Kenya, Sector Three Burundi covering GEdo, Bay, and BAkool, and Sector from which Ethiopia forces were withdrawing from to be directed by Djibouti.

11946: 2463:. Subsequently UN Security Council resolution 2036 of 22 February 2012 authorized an increase in AMISOM troop numbers to 17,731 to incorporate the Kenyans. This resolution took effect from mid-2012. At this time the initial Ugandan and Burundian AMISOM forces had been successful in largely clearing 5443:

On 2 June U.S. forces conducted their sixteenth air strike in Somalia for 2018. Twenty-seven 'terrorists' were reported killed in the strike near the town of Bosaso, in Puntland. Although the true success of this and other U.S. air/drone strikes in Somalia must remain in doubt as there seems to have

5031:

26 December 2014: Eight Al-Shabaab militants, dressed in Somali uniforms, launched an attack on an AMISOM base near Mogadishu International Airport, which is also home to a United Nations office and several embassies. All militants were killed while five AMISOM peacekeepers and one foreign contractor

4992:

26 June 2014: Militants from Al-Shabaab launched an attack on the town of Bulo-Burde, which has been besieged by militants and cut off from road access since it came under government control in March. Witnesses say that the attack lasted thirty minutes and began when militants stormed a military base

2848:

From the first deployment of Ugandan troops during March 2007—which saw a contingent of two battalions sent to Mogadishu—the UPDF contribution to AMISOM had by 2015 expanded to three battle groups, each of two or three battalions. The following table lists what details are known of the Ugandan battle

716:

had committed to the peacekeeping mission, but the total force was about half of the proposed 8,000-strong force. Uganda had pledged 1,400 troops and some armored vehicles for a mission lasting up to 9 months, and the AU had pledged $ 11.6 million. On 16 February 2007 Uganda announced it would deploy

442:

was deeply divided over the issue of a possible deployment of foreign troops in Somalia. Various prominent Somali leaders and groups threatened to forcefully oppose such an intervention. The IGAD planned on deploying in March 2005 despite significant opposition, though the operation was cancelled. As

5015:

12 September 2014: Ugandan and Kenyan AMISOM forces conduct security operations in Lagta Berta in Lower Juba, where Al-Shabaab had established two bases after vacating Barawe. The militant group incurs significant fatalities during the raid, including foreign insurgents, and a number of its fighters

4993:

established in a hotel complex before they were driven back by the combined force of the SNA and AMISOM. Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility and claimed to have killed six soldiers while the AU commander, Ibrahim Ali, stated that two Djiboutian peacekeepers, one civilian, and two militants were killed.

4972:

5 April 2014 – During joint AMISOM-Somali incursion to liberate the town of Wabxo, Al Shabaab fighters claimed to have killed Ethiopian troops from AMISOM and posted photos on social media showing fighters posing over two unidentified bodies in uniform with AMISOM patches, Ethiopian script, helmets,

3216:

Battle group headquartered at Marka. Company base near Janaale was overrun by al-Shabab on 1 September 2015, soon after the battle group's deployment to Somalia. Nineteen Ugandan troops were killed, one captured, and 22 injured. This led to the replacement of the battle group commander and a later

858:

In November 2013, the Ethiopian government announced that it would integrate its troops that are deployed in Somalia into the AMISOM multinational force. Somalia's Foreign Minister Fowzia Haji Yussuf welcomed the decision, stating that the move would galvanize AMISOM's campaign against the insurgent

593:

Though IGAD and the ICU met and published a cordial and formal communique committing the ICU to the IGAD plans on 2 December, by the time United Nations Security Council Resolution 1725 was passed on 6 December, the ICU was openly and militantly opposed to peacekeepers entering Somalia, and vowed to

5019:

13 September 2014: Somali government forces and AMISOM troops capture Aboreey, Moqokori, Yasooman, and Muuse-geel villages in the Bulobarte district from Al-Shabaab. The militants mount no resistance. Additionally, Somali government forces and AMISOM troops seize Abooto-barrey, Ceel-Sheel, Carraale

597:

In the face of ICU threats, Uganda, the only IGAD members who had openly offered to send forces (a battalion), withdrew in the face of concerns of the present feasibility of the mission. In Uganda's defense, the crisis does not allow for peacekeepers when there are active hostilities conducted with

425:

The duration of AMISOM's mandate had been extended in each period that it has been up for review, until it was replaced on April 1, 2022, by the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia. On 21 December 2021, the United Nations Security Council reauthorized AMISOM in Somalia for three months. The

5354:

terrorists detonated a car bomb outside a Mogadishu hotel before assaulting the building and killing civilians. Up to 23 people were killed, along with two of the terrorists, before Somali security forces were able to end the attack. Three surviving terrorists were captured. A second suicide car

4860:

on the headquarters of the African Union force in Mogadishu. At least four civilians were also killed and more than 10 wounded. 12 of those killed were Burundian soldiers and five were Ugandan. Among the dead was the AMISOM deputy commander Maj. Gen. Juvenal Niyonguruza, from Burundi. Also, one of

870:

From June 2021 to March 2022, the EU and its allies reimbursed Kenya nearly Sh2.54 billion, in quarterly disbursements Sh811 million, for its continued military participation in AMISOM. The funding had slowly been decreasing since it began in October 2011, with each soldier taking home only around

807:

pledged troops to AMISOM. On 17 September 2010, an AU envoy said in Nairobi that AMISOM's size had grown from 6,300 to 7,200 troops after an additional battalion from Uganda joined the force. In December 2010, the UN backed AMISOM in increasing the mission's authorized size to 12,000 – UN Security

755:

in Nairobi began an investigation. From April 26, 2009, to May 1, 2010, 241 AU soldiers had lower limb edema and at least one additional symptom; four patients died. At least 52 soldiers were airlifted to hospitals in Kenya and Uganda. Four of 31 hospitalized patients had right-sided heart failure

564:

IGASOM was expected to eventually reach 8,000 troops, with an expected cost of $ 335 million for the first year. According to UN Security Council Resolution 1725, states bordering Somalia would not be eligible to deploy troops under IGASOM. The remaining (non-bordering) IGAD member nations include

5104:

19 April 2015: Al-Shabaab insurgents attack Kenyan AMISOM troops in the southern Delbio area of Somalia. The insurgents reportedly shoot at the Kenyan soldiers' vehicle, with a gunfight ensuing. AMISOM fatalities include three dead troops. Officials indicate that eight wounded AMISOM soldiers are

5011:

6 September 2014: Somali government forces assisted by Ethiopian troops seize El Garas in the Galguduud province from Al-Shabaab. According to the Somali military spokesman Mohamed Kariye Roble, the village was a main base for the insurgent group, serving as both a springboard from which it would

4938:

31 – 5 August Kenyan soldiers were missing after the capture of Miido. A search and rescue was mounted. Three other soldiers were injured. Three of the soldiers were found alive two days later, but the fate of the other two soldiers remained unknown. A few days later, their bodies were shown in a

4530:

that these mentors are embedded with AMISOM units in Mogadishu and southern and central Somalia. They coach commanders on ..how to predict and defeat the tactics which foreign fighters bring from outside East Africa and teach to al-Shabaab." Bancroft "does not receive funding directly from the US

4523:

In addition, a significant amount of support to AMISOM has been provided by private companies. "Bancroft Global Development, headquartered on Washington's Embassy Row, employs about 40 South African and European trainers who work with Ugandan and Burundian troops. Bancroft director Michael Stock

819:

In February 2012, the U.N. Security Council boosted the number of troops deployed from 12,000 to 17,731. The approval comes after a series of recent successes against al-Shabaab fighters who had previous positions throughout the central and southern areas of the country. During the same month, AU

5283:

On 30 July a joint SNA/Ugandan convoy was ambushed at Goryowein in the Lower Shabelle region, some 140 km southwest of Mogadishu, as they patrolled the Mogadishu–Barawe road, a major supply route for forward bases. Reports of casualties varied but Uganda admitted to losing 12 soldiers with

4976:

24 May 2014 – Three Ugandan peacekeepers died in an attack by thirteen Al Shabaab militants on the Somali Parliament alongside four Somali soldiers and a police officer. In addition, four Ugandans were wounded but in stable condition. The attack started with a car bomb driven into the parliament

842:

reported in March 2012 on reorganisation of AMISOM's headquarters and sector commands. Personnel (J1) would be led by the AU, with Kenya taking responsibility for intelligence (J2) and logistics (J4), Uganda operations (J3) and engineer (J8), Burundi plans (J5) and communications/IS (J6), Sierra

5007:

September 2014: Human Rights Watch published a report accusing a few soldiers within the Ugandan and Burundian contingents of AMISOM of sexual misconduct on two of the mission's bases in Mogadishu. The African Union issued an official statement denying the allegations, which it characterized as

3776:

Burundi sent its first battalion to Mogadishu to join Ugandan troops in AMISOM in December 2007. It took until October 2008 to build the national contingent up to two battalions, due in part to a lack of equipment. But subsequently the Burundi contingent increased to a six battalion force. The

5120:

base, 90 km (55 miles) south-east of the capital, is overrun by Al-Shabab militants. After bombing a bridge to eliminate a potential escape route and breaching the gate with a car bomb, Al-Shabab militants were able to enter and take over the base. AMISOM peacekeepers were stated to have

3923:

40, 41 and 42 Battalions were scheduled for deployment in November 2016 but this was delayed. There was speculation this delay was a result of disappointment within Burundi over delays in EU payments in support of AMISOM and the suggestion by the EU that payments could be made directly to the

739:

The Burundian troops were technically ready to go in early August 2007, but equipment promised by the United States and France had not yet arrived. On 23 December 2007, an advance force of 100 Burundians was deployed and another 100 soldiers arrived on 2007-12-24. By late 2008, 1,700 Burundian

5003:

25 August 2014: Ethiopian AMISOM troops assisted by Somali government forces capture Tiyeglow from Al-Shabaab, as part of Operation Indian Ocean. Situated around 530 km northeast of Mogadishu along the main road linking Beledweyne and Baidoa, Tiyeglow previously served as a base for the

866:

In December 2013, the U.S. government established a military coordination cell in Mogadishu at the request of AMISOM and the Somali government. The unit consists of a small team of fewer than five advisers, including planners and communicators between AMISOM and the Somali authorities. It was

4864:

23 February – 4 March 2011 – 53–82 AU troops were killed in clashes with al-Shabab fighters during an offensive in Mogadishu, 190 other AMISOM troops were also wounded. In addition, a Burundian soldier was captured alive by militants. These were, at the time, the heaviest losses since AMISOM

5418:

On 9 May a roadside bomb in the town of Wanlaweyn, some 90 km northwest of Mogadishu, killed at least five people when it exploded. Other reports attribute the explosion to a suicide bomber targeting a khat market, and say that eleven civilians were killed, or ten killed and fifteen

4467:

The Civilian component was supervised by the Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission for Somalia (SRCC) which was represented on the ground by Ambassador Mahamat Saleh Annadif. who oversees the Political, Civil, Humanitarian, Gender and Public Information

4800:* The reason why troops from Sierra Leone were withdrawn was the inability to rotate in fresh soldiers, due to the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone and the surrounding region. In response, Ethiopia has offered to replace the contingent from Sierra Leone with Ethiopian reinforcements. 5239:

On 9 April a suicide bomber in a vehicle unsuccessfully targeted the new SNA commander, General Mohamed Ahmed Jimale, as his convoy left a military base in Mogadishu. Fifteen SNA soldiers were killed, including several high-ranking officers, and 20 others were wounded in the

537:

The Security Council decided to reauthorize the deployment of African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) personnel for nine months, requiring them to support security in the lead-up to elections and to work towards the gradual hand-over of responsibility to Somali forces by

11950: 5101:, with the joint forces removing militants from settlements on both sides of the main road leading towards the district center. Casualties include around five SNA troops and one AMISOM soldier. Local officials do not issue a statement pending arrival at Bulo Burde. 594:

treat any peacekeepers as hostile forces. Because of regional divisions, there were also UIC resistance to allowing Ethiopian troops be part of the mission. Ethiopia, for its part, was leery of allowing Eritrean troops to be members of the IGAD peacekeeping force.

820:

Commander Fred Mugisha suggested that Al-Shabaab was "at weakest" and would likely "implode in the not so distant future" owing to successive military defeats that it suffered as well as an exodus toward the Arabian Peninsula of hundreds of the group's fighters.

580:

AMISOM has a different composition. As proposed, it comprised an initial three battalions, growing to a total of nine battalions of 850 troops each, which would serve for an initial stabilization period of six months. The mission was to be modelled after the

4852:

hit the Burundian and Ugandan military camps in Mogadishu killing three Burundian and two Ugandan soldiers. Another 18 Burundian soldiers were placed in quarantine. About 50 Burundian and 17 Ugandan soldiers were evacuated for medical treatment to Nairobi,

6228:

The AU's involvement was an attempt to legitimize the Ethiopian invasion and the TFG. The dominant narrative of the AUs peace operation has masked the intervention for what it truly was. AMISOM was more a tool for regime change than it was a peace

4988:

13 June 2014: A roadside bomb that was detonated near the town of Bulo Burde injured six AMISOM and Somali soldiers. At least three of the casualties were from the Djibouti contingent and were airlifted to Mogadishu for medical attention after the

4955:

19 November – At least two Kenyan soldiers who are part of the African Union (AU) peacekeeping force in Somalia were killed in Garissa, a base for security forces in Kenya fighting insurgents in neighbouring Somalia, Kenya's army spokesman said on

5509:

attacked government forces in a position 50 km southwest of Mogadishu. In response U.S. forces launched air strikes that reportedly killed 18 insurgents. A further two insurgents were said to have been killed by the defending government

4898:

20 October – At least 70 Burundian soldiers were killed and their bodies filmed and paraded by Al-Shabaab following the battle of Deynile, Mogadishu. An unknown number of soldiers were wounded. One AU armoured vehicle was also destroyed in the

5461:

attacks on a joint Somali-Kenyan-U.S. base 2 km north of the town of Sanguni led to the deaths of a U.S. Special Forces soldier and two Somali soldiers, with another four U.S. personnel wounded. The base was reported to have then been

11124: 927:

The Head of Mission was the Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission to Somalia, or SRCC. On 7 October 2015, Francisco Caetano Jose Madeira, of Mozambique, was appointed to this position, replacing

459:

adopted a plan to deploy troops to Somalia on 14 September 2006. Plans for a foreign deployment continued, though the ICU was clearly opposed, as they saw IGASOM as a US/Western means to curb their growth. Until December 2006, the

2496:

Later, UN Security Council resolution 2124 of 12 November 2013 authorized a troop increase to 22,126 through inclusion of an Ethiopian contingent. This took effect in January 2014, when the Sector organisation was modified to:

5027:

in their home country. During their stay in Somalia the Sierra Leone troops suffered 1 dead and 6 wounded. They were based in Kismayo. In response, Ethiopia has offered to replace the contingent from Sierre Leon with Ethiopian

5008:

isolated cases largely involving a single rogue soldier. It also pledged to investigate the charges, and indicated that a number of internal mechanisms had been instituted to prevent, mitigate and discipline any transgressions.

823:

Due to the successful military operations against the Islamists, the United States has also been stepping up efforts to train and equip the AMISOM troops in a bid to stamp out the Al-Shabaab insurgency and limit its influence.

835:, crossing the border into Somalia to attack Al-Shabaab. On 12 November, the Kenyan government agreed to rehat its forces under AMISOM command, and later announced in March 2012 that it would send 5,000 troops to join AMISOM. 12032: 5422:

On 10 May a second explosion in Wanlaweyn killed seven Somali soldiers and wounded a further two when a road-side bomb targeted the vehicle in which they were travelling. The casualty list was also reported as ten soldiers

4806:- Before joining AMISOM in January 2014, the Ethiopian Defense Force was believed to have an estimated 8,000 troops in the country. It is also believed that some Ethiopian troops in Somalia operate independently from AMISOM. 846: 4984:

in an area close to the Ras Kamboni region. Kenyan officials confirm that some other Kenyan soldiers were wounded while one militant was killed. They also state that they are in pursuit of the attackers, who fled after the

859:

group. She also emphasized the importance of collaboration between Somalia and Ethiopia. The Ethiopian authorities' announcement came a month after a failed October bombing attempt by Al-Shabaab in the Ethiopian capital of

11679: 4531:

government but was instead paid by AMISOM, which was then reimbursed by the State Department for these outlays." The Associated Press reports that Bancroft has been paid $ 12.5 million for its work in Somalia since 2008.

10344: 5195:. According to some reports the base, manned by members of 15 Battalion Kenya Rifles, was overrun and up to 50 Kenyans killed. Kenyan reports say the base was successfully defended and put their death toll at nine. 5112:

on their base by Al-Shabab. The attack occurred in Leego near the capital of Mogadishu. It is stated that AMISOM was preparing for an offensive in the region while Al-Shabab was bringing in reinforcements to counter

4865:

deployed. 43 of those killed were confirmed as Burundian soldiers and 10 as Ugandans. Also, 110 of the wounded were Burundians. Beside the 43 killed in action, four Burundian soldiers were declared missing in action.

5513:

On 1 October U.S forces reportedly killed nine insurgents and wounded one other in an air strike some 40 km northeast of Kismayo. The air strike was said to be in response to an insurgent attack on government

4836:

AMISOM medical facility records showed 110 Ugandan and 95 Burundian soldiers had died between March 2007 and February 2011 in Somalia. Another 798 AMISOM soldiers were wounded. Some of the deadliest incidents were:

4385:(Lt. Col. Abubakar Conteh), 850 strong, deployed April 2013, served in Sector 2 under Kenyan Command, later in Sector Kismayu under their own command. Leobatt 1 eventually left Somalia for home only in January 2015. 11787: 4875:

5 March – A Burundian soldier was injured by the controlled explosion of a car bomb of al-Shabab militants. AMISOM forces won back the rebel-controlled town of Bulo Hawo with the help of forces loyal to the Somali

3777:

Burundi force commitment is frequently cited as 5432 troops, which would align with a contingent of six battalions (of about 850 personnel each, the UN 'standard') together with headquarters and support elements.

530: 9577:

Hull Wiklund, Cecilia, 2013, The Role of the African Union Mission in Somalia: AMISOM – Peacekeeping Success or Peacekeeping in Regress? FOI Report 3687—SE. Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI): Stockholm June

5382:

ambush on a military convoy near Balad, 30 km north of Mogadishu. On the same day a suicide bomb attack on a SNA base at Afgoye and subsequent IED attack resulted in five SNA personnel and a suicide bomber

11865: 5210:

On 2 March it was announced that at least 57 al-Shabaab fighters had been killed in an attack by the Kenyan Defence Force. The KDF spokesman was reported as saying: 'KDF soldiers operating under AMISOM engaged

4501:, took part in a separate training mission with the BNDF in Mudubugu, Burundi. SPMAGTF-12 has also sent its trainers to Djibouti, another nation involved in the Somali mission, to work with an army unit there. 12214: 2849:

groups, or 'Ugabag', deployed under AMISOM. The information presented has been collected from Ugandan press reports (largely gleaned from the website 'Allafrica.com') and news reports on the AMISOM website.

629:

Following the defeat of the Islamic Courts Union in December 2006 – January 2007 the international community began to gather both fiscal commitments as well as military forces for the mission. Nations of the

7520: 5401:

vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED) in the vicinity of Jana Cabdalle, some 50 km northwest of Kismayo. This was reported to be the twelfth air strike by American forces in Somalia during

6996:

Watson, John T.; El Bushra, Hassan; Lebo, Emmaculate J.; Bwire, Godfrey; Kiyengo, James; Emukule, Gideon; Omballa, Victor; Tole, John; Zuberi, Muvunyi; Breiman, Robert F.; Katz, Mark A. (21 December 2011).

11813: 4895:

10 October – One AMISOM soldier was killed and six injured in an operation in North East of Mogadishu. The former Pasta Factory and critical junction, Ex Control Bal'ad, are after that in Government hands.

2510:(Dobhey: Lower and Middle Juba regions) – KDF contingent, with the Sierra Leone contingent operating in a 'Sector Kismayu' until these forces left. During January 2016 Ethiopian troops deployed to Kismayo. 5243:

On 10 April 2017 Kenyan sources announced that 15 al-Shabaab fighters had been killed when their camp 4 km west of Catamaa, and approximately 104 km from El Wak, was shelled and then assaulted.

577:. Because of the objection of the burden falling on these three nations alone (and the rivalry between Ethiopia and Eritrea), the mission was expanded to include other member states of the African Union. 11704: 4828:, 1,039 AMISOM soldiers were killed in action between 1 January 2009, and 31 December 2013, with an additional 69 fatalities in 2014 (per AMISOM) bringing the total to 1,108 dead from 2009 through 2014. 811:

In March 2011 Burundi sent 1,000 extra soldiers to AMISOM, bringing the total number of Burundi troops deployed to 4,400. AFP, reported in Africa Research Bulletin, said Burundian military chief General

756:

with pulmonary hypertension. The illness was associated with exclusive consumption of food provided to troops (not eating locally acquired foods). Because the syndrome was clinically compatible with wet

5517:

On 1 October a suicide bomber drove a car into an EU (Italian) military convoy outside the Jaalle Siyad military base in the Hodan district of Mogadishu, killing two civilians and injuring another four.

5157:

During November Lieutenant Dedan Karithi Karuti (26), of 17 Battalion Kenya Rifles, was killed when the vehicle in which he was traveling was struck by an improvised explosive device on the Warei–Elwak

4474:

The Chief Administrative Officer Timothy Kiguti heads the support component of the mission which includes administration personnel, finance and budgeting, logistics and procurement among other issues.

605:

On 1 January 2007, after the defeat of the ICU in various battles in December 2006, Uganda again renewed its pledge of a battalion of troops. Between Uganda and Nigeria (which is a Member State of the

12654: 621: 11186: 747:

was notified that 21 AMISOM soldiers in Mogadishu had become sick, and three had died, with acute peripheral edema, difficulty in breathing, palpitations, and fever. The WHO, together with the U.S.

407:

approved the mission's mandate. Subsequent six-monthly renewals of AMISOM's mandate by the African Union Peace and Security Council have also been authorized by the United Nations Security Council.

15894: 11917: 8046:'Uganda Battle Group XXIII Awarded African Union Medals For Distinguished Contribution Towards Peace in Somalia', Ministry of Defence and Veterans' Affairs Uganda website, posted 11 December 2018. 796:. A few days later in response to UN pressure, the AU agreed not to expand the mandate but did allow preemptive strikes against Al-Shabaab and promised more troops from other African countries. 7281: 426:

new mandate ran until 31 March 2022, ahead of a phased handover of responsibilities to Somalia's security forces in early 2023. AMISOM's mandate ended on 31 March 2022, and was replaced by the

5491:

On 27 August U.S Forces reportedly killed three terrorists in an air strike 40 km southwest of Mogadishu. This was apparently the 21st air strike by U.S forces to be carried out against

5304:

On 10 August a suicide bomber was stopped at a security checkpoint on Maka al Mukarama Street. The bomber escaped but the bomb later detonated, killing one civilian and wounding three others.

5097:

21 March 2015: Somali National Army forces and AMISOM troops launch a security sweep in the Bulo Burde district to clear an Al-Shabaab blockade in the area. The cleanup operation commences in

11891: 11128: 5365:

On 23 February twin car-bomb explosions in Mogadishu killed at least 38 people. The first targeted the presidential palace, Villa Somalia, while the second bomb apparently targeted a hotel.

5121:

withdrawn. After looting the base of weaponry, the militants withdrew and AMISOM troops were seen retaking the area. There have also been reports of troops taken captive during the assault.

4477:

The Police contingent, which provides capacity building, both institutional and individual in support of the Somali Police Force, was headed by the AMISOM Police Commissioner Anand Pillay.

4542:, who provide logistical support in the Somali capital; Bancroft International, who provide training to TFG and AMISOM personnel, as well as assisting with community service delivery; and 6962: 7521:"Appointment of Francisco Madeira as the new Special Representative of the African Union for Somalia and head of the AU mission in Somalia-African Union - Peace and Security Department" 5444:

been no ground follow-up and so no enemy bodies were recovered, or enemy personnel individually identified; no prisoners taken; no documents captured; no weapons or equipment recovered.

5484:

On 23 July Somali forces reportedly repulsed an insurgent attack on one of their bases near Bar-Sanguuni, Lower Juba region, killing 87 insurgents while losing six of their own men.

5044:

investigation uncovers evidence of sexual exploitation of women. Western-backed African Union troops in Somalia gang-raped women and girls as young as 12 and traded food aid for sex,

514:

extended the African Union's authorisation to continue deploying AMISOM for a further six months and requested the Secretary-General to explore the option of replacing AMISOM with a

10637: 676:

committed to the peacekeeping mission, pledging up to 1,000 troops. By 27 March, it was confirmed that 1700 Burundian peacekeepers would be sent to Somalia. On 2 February 2007, the

10257:

Brima, Capt. Y., 2014, 'Sierra Leone News: AMISON Troops Organize Parade Competition for Ebola Victims', Awareness Times (Freetown), 11 September 2014, accessed 22 July 2016, <

5527:

attack on Somali government forces in just over a month occurred near Araara, triggering a U.S air strike in response. The air strike was reported to have killed four terrorists.

11247: 5415:

On 25 April a UPDF convoy in the El-Waregow area, outside the port city of Merka, was reported to have been targeted by a road-side IED which was followed by an insurgent attack.

422:

was integrated into AMISOM. In the succeeding years 2012-2015 a number of towns in the hinterland were recaptured, though most of the rural clans remained under Al-Shabaab rule.

11540: 533:, authorising Member States of the African Union to maintain the deployment of AMISOM until 31 May 2020, with a reduction of the number of troops to 19,626 by 28 February 2020. 10341: 4812:- Cameroon, Mali, Senegal, and Zambia were known to have a total of four personnel inserted into AMISOM. However, it is not known whether they were security or civil personnel. 15820: 12215:

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/somalia/12101407/Bodies-of-Kenyan-soldiers-dragged-through-Somali-streets-after-al-Shabaab-attack-on-base.html

7252:"Standard Digital News – Kenya : Home, Breaking News, Latest, Business, Jobs, Football, Travel, Tourism, Elections, National, Kenya, Nairobi, County, East Africa, Media" 13691: 5394:

killed with four Ugandan soldiers killed and six wounded. Subsequent reports from Uganda gave conflicting accounts of their casualties but it seems likely six Ugandans died.

661:

agreed to send a half-battalion to a battalion (ranging widely anywhere between approximately 400 to 1,200 troops) for a peacekeeping mission to Somalia. On 24 January 2007

3064:

Participated in Operation Free Shabelle, the May 2012 advance to Afgooye. Reinforced? by Ugabag IX+ (Col. Stephen Mugerwa) which included 342 Bn (Lt. Col. John Katongole).

11839: 11791: 7196: 5368:

On 23 February Ugandan soldiers shot dead three Somalia National Army (SNA) personnel in Mogadishu after a Ugandan vehicle convoy was apparently fired upon by the Somalis.

11488: 9364: 494:

was reportedly 'exceptionally unhappy' about the heavy US support for the December invasion, and held back funds for the newly created AMISOM mission for several months.

451:, warned that any foreigner peacekeepers deployed to Somalia would be unwelcome and face death. Faced with the ascendancy of the ICU after taking over the capital in the 13849: 13537: 13232: 7595: 7340: 5633: 9495: 12467:

Waddington, C. (2017) 'AL-SHABAAB HAS REPORTEDLY OVERRUN ANOTHER KDF MILITARY BASE IN SOMALIA', African Defence Review, 27 January 2017, accessed 30 January 2017, <

11869: 9338: 5172:

released a video showing the murder of a Ugandan soldier, Private M. Y. Masasa, who had been captured in September 2015 when the AMISOM base at Janaale was overrun by

4446: 12293: 10589: 14763: 5964:"Security Council Reauthorizes African Union Mission in Somalia for Three Months, Unanimously Adopting Resolution 2614 (2021) | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases" 11175: 7251: 6112: 2480:(headquartered in Kismayu and predominantly KDF responsibility, with the anticipated Sierra Leone contingent) covered the Gedo, Middle Juba and Lower Juba regions. 808:

Council resolution 1964 of 22 December 2010 – and at the same time reports indicated that Uganda had promised an extra 1,800 personnel, with Burundi an extra 850.

11817: 11190: 12033:"THE AFRICAN UNION STRONGLY REJECTS THE CONCLUSIONS CONTAINED IN THE REPORT OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH ON ALLEGATIONS ON SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND ABUSE BY AMISOM" 11701: 5465:

On 11 June at least five Somali soldiers were killed and three others injured in an insurgent attack near Teed, 30 km north of Huddur in the Bakool region.

5188:

On 25 January at least 25 people were killed in an al-Shabaab suicide assault on the Somali Parliament building. Two suicide car bombs were used in the assault.

4883: 4520:

troops have not yet deployed; the Sierra Leonean defence minister said on 23 June 2012, that the battalion might depart for the Horn 'some time in September .'

7683: 5471:

On 7 July two suicide bombings followed by an attempt to storm Somalia's Ministry of Interior in Mogadishu left at least 10 people dead and another 20 wounded.

6623: 5412:

In the early hours of 24 April a Burundian base in the Arba'ow area, near Elasha Biyahawas on the outskirts of Mogadishu, was reported attacked by insurgents.

5294:

released a video showing the murder of a Kenyan soldier, Leonard Maingi, who had been captured in January 2016 when the Kenyan base at El Adde was overrun by

5138:

On 19 March 2016 two Kenyan soldiers were killed and five others wounded when their convoy was ambushed by terrorists in Lower Juba. During the engagement 21

13888: 13271: 13129: 7621: 8619: 11972: 11514: 9553: 7464: 7420: 4966:

11 March 2014 – At least two AMISOM peacekeepers were injured as AMISOM and Somali troops advanced into areas close to coastal town of Barawe and Qoryoley.

4493:. In the northern spring of 2012 , Marines from SPMAGTF-12 also trained Burundian soldiers. In April and May, members of Task Force Raptor, 3rd Squadron, 11921: 11336: 4485:

The United States has provided extensive training for contingents headed for Somalia. In the first half of 2012, Force Recon Marines from Special Purpose

13423: 11609: 11387: 9552:'AMISOM Deputy Force Commander on familiarisation visit to Burundi contingent headquarters', AMISOM News, 18 January 2021, accessed 10 February 2021 < 12985: 12018: 10200:

Kamara, A.R., 2014, 'Sierra Leone Military Chief projects image of the force in Somalia', Sierra Express Media, 5 June 2014, accessed 22 July 2016, <

9141: 9008: 5249:

On 7 May a Somali intelligence official survived an assassination attempt after an IED fitted to his car exploded on Maka al Mukarama Street, Mogadishu.

471:

The African Union's involvement in the war came at the insistence of both Ethiopia and the United States for the organization to take over the role of ‘

12610:'Militants Who Killed 23 At Mogadishu Hotel Used Intelligence Service ID Cards', Shabelle Media Network (Mogadishu), 30 October 2017, via Allafrica.com 10378: 10093: 12891: 5048:

has said. An investigation uncovered evidence of sexual exploitation of women seeking medicine for sick babies at what they assumed was the safety of

15909: 15643: 15330: 14822: 13684: 13101: 9432: 7971: 2998:

Included 23 Bn (Lt. Col. Patrick Tibihwa, KIA Jun 2011) and possibly also 19 Bn (Lt. Col. Anthony Lukwayo Mbuusi) and 69 Bn (Lt. Col. John Mugarula).

486:

From 2007 to 2009, AMISOM was predominantly composed of troops from Uganda, Burundi, and a few Kenyans. During 2007, the operation relied heavily on

11895: 11280: 3931:(Maj. Leonidas Nsingirankabo, also given as Maj. Ladislas Singirankabo). Deployed February 2017, replacing 34 Battalion, and departed in March 2018. 2474:(headquartered in Mogadishu and predominantly the domain of the Ugandan Contingent) covered the Banadir, Middle Shabelle and Lower Shabelle regions. 13893: 13276: 8260: 8097: 7285: 6589: 4825: 478: 9926: 6046: 732:

Days before AMISOM deployed in Somalia, violence in Mogadishu began rapidly escalating. On 6 March 2007, the first African Union troops landed at

455:

between May and June 2006, UN-watchers were growing concerned with the level of hostility of the ICU towards the proposed foreign deployment. The

15287: 15282: 14489: 13834: 13384: 13217: 5468:

On 1 July a mortar bombardment apparently aimed at an AMISOM base in the suburb of Halane, Mogadihsu, killed five people and injured another ten.

13024: 9588: 7869: 13903: 13286: 12856: 12442: 11466: 11398: 9713:

Strategic Intelligence Service, 2016, 'Burundi Deploys Two Fresh Battalions for Somalia Peacekeeping Mission', accessed 15 September 2016, <

9537: 6959: 5594: 4879:

17 March – Six AU soldiers were killed in heavy clashes between Somali government troops backed by AMISOM in Mogadishu and al-Shabab militants.

692:

offered to train Somali government troops, but not to deploy peacekeepers. On 9 February 2007 a gathering of 800 Somali demonstrators in north

12239:'UN Releases Number of Soldiers Killed in El Ade Attack', Shabelle Media Network (Mogadishu), 7 November 2016, accessed 12 November 2016, < 10404: 6980: 4942:

19 September – Two AMISOM troops were injured during the capture of Janaa Cabdalla town located 50 kilometres to the west of the port city of

4395:

Later, during April 2018, a Formed Police Unit of 160 Sierra Leone Police was deployed to AMISOM under the command of Mustafa Solomon Kambeh.

15294: 14756: 14134: 12163: 10222:

Koroma, A.K., 2014, 'Sierra Leone records biggest achievement in Somalia', Sierra Express Media, 15 January 2014, accessed 22 July 2016, <

10080: 8059: 7165: 6170: 5426:

On 12 May fighting in the village of Halfoley, near the town of Jalalaqsi in the Hiran region, between Somali soldiers and villagers against

4857: 9671:

AMISOM 2016, 'Burundian battalions conclude successful yearlong tour of duty in Somalia', AMISOM News, 20 July 2016, accessed 21 July 2016,

15914: 14912: 14073: 13677: 6823: 5761: 4842: 11362: 10634: 10361: 9672: 9274: 5271:

On 20 June six people were killed when a car bomb detonated near a local government administration office in Mogadishu's Wadajir district.

2917:

Lost 3 soldiers with 11 wounded during 11-month deployment, although in total nine Ugandans and one Burundian died during the deployment.

15454: 15129: 14854: 12468: 6619: 6419: 6259: 5572: 5215:

militants at a location 31 km northwest of Afmadow, close to Subow centre using artillery fire and supported by helicopter gunships.

427: 338: 12655:"AMISOM troops successfully repulse al Shabaab terrorists following simultaneous attacks on three AU bases in the Lower Shabelle region" 7371: 15134: 14888: 13561: 13344: 12314: 10304:'RSLAF Chief of Defence Staff orders dispersal of Leobatt 2 Troops', Sierra Express Media, 18 October 2014, accessed 22 July 2016, < 9714: 7647: 7152:

Africa Research Bulletin 1–31 Dec 2010, p.18664-5, reporting PANA New York 23/12/2010, New Vision Kampala 23/12/2010, and RFI in Paris.

6885: 5614: 5023:

18 December 2014: The Sierra Leonian contingent (850 troops) leaves AMISOM and is not replaced. Main reason for their departure is the

685: 635: 610: 439: 381: 131: 12267: 11544: 10261: 7661: 2058:

The position was elevated to Force Chief of Staff in mid-2012, following the expansion of AMISOM through the inclusion of KDF forces.

15564: 14816: 13122: 10760: 9203: 7232: 5336:

On 14 October a large vehicle-borne explosive device detonated at a busy crossroads in Mogadishu, killing at least 300 people. While

230: 11720: 8208: 6705: 6675: 6533: 6458: 506:

authorized AMISOM in January 2007, explicitly assuming that it would become a UN mission after six months. On 21 February 2007, the

14749: 14214: 12999: 12682:

Roggio, B. & Gutowski, A. (2018) 'US continues to disrupt Shabaab's attack campaign', The Long War Journal, 13 April 2018, <

11004: 9493:

AMISOM 2016, 'A new Commander for the AMISOM Burundian Contingent deployed', AMISOM News, 14 July 2016, accessed 19 July 2016, <

8383: 6055: 5655: 5390:

launched coordinated attacks on three Ugandan bases, at Qoryoley, Buulo Mareer and Golweyn. Initial reports gave casualties as 36

5301:

On 4 August four people were killed and six others wounded in a car bomb targeting The Ambassador Hotel on Maka al Mukarama Street.

4952:

29 – 3 October–4 Ugandan soldiers were killed and seven wounded in an attack by two suicide bombers on an AMISOM base in Mogadishu.

4457: 613:), there was a pledge of a total of 8,000 peacekeepers. Ghana, Rwanda and Tanzania were reported to be considering sending forces. 468:

on the group, but the embargo was partially lifted and a mandate for foreign troops was issued on 6 December 2006 for six months.

11741: 8739: 6099: 5796: 5287:

On 31 July a Somali intelligence official was targeted by an IED attached to his car. The official and two civilians were wounded.

15919: 15733: 14269: 8021: 7204: 5988: 5554:

claimed responsibility for an IED attack on AU peacekeepers in which four Burundian soldiers died in the vicinity of Buurane and

5081: 4815:- Furthermore, there are also a small number of police officers from Burundi, Gambia, and Zimbabwe that are inserted into AMISOM 12599: 11843: 10708: 9390: 8158: 5277:

On 19 July a car bomb detonated outside the Ministry of Youth and Sports headquarters wounding one Somali intelligence official.

4980:

26 May 2014: Two Kenyan soldiers in a supply convoy were killed in an ambush by suspected Al Shabaab militants near the town of

15448: 14953: 13958: 12485: 11998: 11492: 10187:

Jones, D., 2013, 'Sierra Leone Contingent Commander Withdrawn', Sierra Express Media, 10 July 2013, accessed 22 July 2016, <

10015: 9613: 9368: 8299: 7814: 7489: 5252:

On 8 May a cafe on Maka al Mukarama Street, Mogadishu, was targeted by a car bomb, killing five and leaving ten others wounded.

4494: 2486:(headquartered in Baidoa and predominantly the responsibility of the Burundian contingent) covering the Bay and Bakool regions. 10430: 9939: 9415: 7923: 7599: 7348: 5451:

when the insurgents attacked the town of El Wak in what was believed to be a continuation of intensified attacks over Ramadan.

4902:

23 October – Two AU soldiers were wounded when a suicide bomber blew himself up near a convoy of AU peacekeepers in Mogadishu.

15889: 15661: 14174: 14078: 13898: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13773: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13281: 13191: 13065: 11154: 10952: 10509: 9803: 9499: 9411:'Battle Group XXXI and Military Training Team Complete Post Mission Ideological Training', UPDF website, 15 January 2022 < 6269: 5599: 4717: 4505: 752: 12949:

Maruf, H. (2018) 'Al-Shabaab Attacks EU Convoy in Mogadishu, Two Killed', Voice of America (Washington, DC), 3 October 2018.

10295:'New Sierra Leone Amisom Battalion Cleared of Ebola, Ambassador to Ethiopia Says', Sabahi (Washington, DC), 10 October 2014. 9533:'AMISOM commander visits Burundi troops to assess progress in operations Jowhar, SOMALIA', UPDF website, 15 September 2019, 9342: 8361: 8148:'New AMISOM Deputy Force Commander meets AMISOM Uganda commanders', AMISOM News, 15 January 2021, accessed 10 February 2021. 7104: 7073: 5207:

On 28 February a Somali government official was assassinated when an IED fitted under the driver's seat of his car exploded.

4889:

29 July – Four Ugandan soldiers were killed and five wounded during clashes in Mogadishu. An AMISOM tank was also destroyed.

414:

insurgents and Ethiopian/TFG forces. After four years of intense urban fighting against Al-Shabaab in Mogadishu, during the

15678: 15382: 14538: 14103: 13115: 9729:'Burundi sends two battalions for Somalia peacekeeping mission', Goobjoog News, 25 June 2016; accessed 10 August 2016, < 6797: 6649: 6403:"Security Council Reauthorizes Deployment of African Union Mission in Somalia, Unanimously Adopting Resolution 2520 (2020)" 5319:

On 24 September Somali General Abdullahi Mohamed Sheikh Qururuh and his bodyguard were assassinated by gunmen in Mogadishu.

12812:

Maruf, H. (2018) 'New Details Emerge in Attack That Killed U.S. Soldier', Voice of America (Washington, DC), 11 June 2018.

11420: 10109: 9684:

AMISOM 2017, 'New Burundi battle group arrives in Somalia', AMISOM News, 14 February 2017, accessed 14 February 2017, <

9090: 5246:

On 19 April a Djibouti soldier was killed by a member of the SNA following an argument in Bula-burte town, Hiiraan region.

4892:

1 August – At least two AMISOM soldiers were killed and others wounded in a suicide attack on an AMISOM base in Mogadishu.

384:, implement a national security plan and train the TFG security forces. As part of its duties, AMISOM later supported the 15684: 15513: 15200: 14344: 14264: 13963: 13866: 13700: 13658: 13354: 13249: 9131:'AMISOM Explores Sea, Air Options to Deliver Supplies', Dalsan Radio (Mogadishu), 29 May 2018, via Allafrica.com website. 8488: 7752:

AMISOM News, 2 April 2016, 'AMISOM Acting Force Commander Concludes Tour of Kismayo, Dobley and Bilis Qoqani in Sector 2'

7259: 5024: 4908:

25 December – A Burundian soldier was killed by an improvised explosive device, and two others were wounded in Mogadishu.

521: 415: 281: 12821:'Jubbaland and U.S. Troops Vacate Town Outside Kismayo After Attacks', Shabelle Media Network (Mogadishu), 10 June 2018. 12695:'Al-Shabaab Launches Attack on AU Peacekeepers' Base Near Mogadishu', Shabelle Media Network (Mogadishu), 24 April 2018. 12644:'Al-Shabaab Blamed in AU Ambush, Suspected in Attack on Somali Forces', Voice of America (Washington, DC), 5 March 2018. 11306: 11258: 9743: 9554:

https://amisom-au.org/2021/01/amisom-deputy-force-commander-on-familiarisation-visit-to-burundi-contingent-headquarters/

8918:

Kasasira, R., 2016, 'Captured UPDF Soldier Pleads for Rescue from Al-Shabaab', The Monitor (Kampala), 28 September 2016.

8008:"Amisom and National Army Offensive against Al-Shabab", Government of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa) press release, 20 July 2015 7330:

The East African website, Nairobi, 19/3/2012, via Africa REsearch Bulletin-PSC, Vol 49, No. 3, 1–31 March 2012, 19205-6.

5502:

attacked government forces in Mubaraak village, some 60 km west of Mogadishu, killing one of the government troops.

15325: 14984: 14469: 14314: 14289: 13824: 13207: 12868:'Al-Shabaab Carries Out Attack in Baidoa, Kills At Least 3 Soldiers', Shabelle Media network (Mogadishu), 14 July 2018. 12559: 10924: 10833: 10031: 9431:'Ugandan troops awarded AU medals for contribution to peace and stability in Somalia', AMISON News, 18 April 2021, < 6563: 552: 10286:

Turay, S.B., 'RSLAF Enters Second Phase of Somalia Deployment Preparation', Concord Times (Freetown), 16 January 2014.

10092:'Ethiopian Troops Awarded AU Medals for Contributing to Peace and Stability in Somalia', AMISON News, 3 May 2021, < 8648: 5904: 5313:

On 11 September a car bomb killed one person and injured four others near a cafe and hotel on Maka al Mukarama Street.

4905:

29 October – Al-Shabab militants attacked an AMISOM compound injuring two AU soldiers in the Somali capital Mogadishu.

4803:- The total number of personnel under AMISOM (including armed personnel and civil staff) was reportedly around 22,126. 3959:(Lt. Col. Philbert Hatungimana). Arrived in Somalia August 2017, replacing 39 Battalion, and to be deployed to Jowhar. 15783: 15655: 15348: 15319: 14502: 14339: 14294: 14274: 14209: 14008: 13933: 13443: 12958:

Hassan, M.O. (2018) 'Two Blasts in Somali Town Kill at Least 15', Voice of America (Washington, DC), 14 October 2018.

12184: 11340: 11212: 11056: 10562: 10482: 10329: 8325: 8234: 7788: 7762: 6727: 6120: 4543: 649:, said the US pledged $ 40 million to support the deployment of a peacekeeping force for Somalia. By 20 January, the 10094:

https://amisom-au.org/2021/05/ethiopian-troops-awarded-au-medals-for-contributing-to-peace-and-stability-in-somalia/

9697:

AMISOM News (2017) 'New Burundian Battalion arrives in Somalia', AMISOM News 5 June 2017, accessed 7 June 2017, <

9565:'Outgoing AMISOM Burundi Contingent Commander Talks About Achievements', Dalsan Radio (Mogadishu), 17 December 2021. 6014: 772: 653:

followed with a pledge of 15 million euros. On 19 January 2007 the mission was formally defined and approved by the

15746: 15009: 15004: 14859: 14844: 14439: 14434: 14414: 14379: 13854: 13844: 13237: 13227: 12892:

https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2018/07/shabaab-releases-photos-from-inside-joint-us-somali-kenyan-base.php

12742:'Thirteen militants, 4 Civilians Killed in Market Blast, Fighting', Voice of America (Washington, DC), 14 May 2018. 8551:

Col. Tumusiime Katsigazi now becomes the commander of the Uganda Contingent, taking over from Col. Jack Bakusumba."

8538:

Col. Tumusiime Katsigazi now becomes the commander of the Uganda Contingent, taking over from Col. Jack Bakusumba."

8123: 6143:"Sam Kutesa: We call on the Security Council to lift the arms embargo to enable deployment of IGASOM and AU Forces" 5936: 5131:

On 15 January a Kenyan company base at El Adde, manned by a detachment of 9 Battalion Kenya Rifles, was overrun by

5077: 4644: 4594: 4490: 582: 487: 12877:

Yusuf, M. (2018) 'Army – 87 Militants Killed as Attack Repulsed', Voice of America (Washington, DC), 25 July 2018.

10863: 10683: 10079:'AMISOM Deputy Force Commander meets Djibouti, Ethiopian troops in Beletweyne', AMISOM News, 19 January 2021, < 10058:'Djiboutian contingent commended for their diligence as they complete tour of duty', AMISOM News, 23 January 2016. 9433:

https://amisom-au.org/2021/04/ugandan-troops-awarded-au-medals-for-contribution-to-peace-and-stability-in-somalia/

7625: 5340:

did not claim responsibility for this attack it was widely believed to have been the work of this terrorist group.

15525: 15497: 14799: 14449: 14404: 14369: 14324: 14299: 14284: 14068: 12704:'Al-Shabaab Militants Ambush UPDF Convoy in Southern Somalia', Shabelle Media Network (Mogadishu), 25 April 2018. 12683: 10601: 10443: 9925:

AMISOM News, AMISOM BURUNDIAN TROOPS, BATTLE GROUPS 55 AND 56 END THEIR TOUR OF DUTY IN SOMALIA, 8 May 2021, <

9034: 8765: 8445: 8408: 7840: 6845: 6701: 6434: 5875: 5851: 5824: 5624: 5584: 4809:- Likewise, Kenya had troops deployed in Somalia independently before they were brought under the AMISOM umbrella 4419: 733: 677: 511: 507: 404: 12589:

Olad, M. (2017) 30 Killed in Shabaab Attack on Somali Military Base – General, Voice of America, 2 October 2017.

12209:

Laing, A. (2016) 'Bodies of Kenyan soldiers dragged through Somali streets after an al-Shabaab attack on base'.

11518: 10893: 10653: 10235:'Sierra Leonean Chief of Defense visits Somalia', Sierra Express Media, 1 June 2014, accessed 22 July 2016, < 10043: 7218: 5571:

The 14 year long AMISOM mission came to an end in March 2022 and it was replaced by a Somali led operation, the

5488:

claimed – with some supporting photographic evidence – to have overrun the base and killed 27 government troops.

4918:

14 January – A Ugandan soldier was killed by a Somali soldier in Mogadishu. The reasons for the act are unknown.

410:

In March 2007, the first AMISOM troops deployed to Somalia, landing in Mogadishu as fighting was raging between

15884: 15609: 15598: 15508: 14730: 14603: 14454: 14359: 14354: 14329: 14244: 14204: 13953: 13506: 13138: 12908: 12756: 12716:'Soldiers Killed in a Landmine Explosion in Southern Somalia', Shabelle Media Network (Mogadishu), 10 May 2018. 9927:

http://amisom-au.org/2021/05/amisom-burundian-troops-battle-groups-55-and-56-end-their-tour-of-duty-in-somalia/

9312: 6494: 6482: 6470: 5604: 4977:

building's entrance and ended with eleven of the attackers killed while the other two detonated suicide bombs.

373: 276: 12903:

Roggio, B. & Gutowski, A. (2018) 'U.S. military on track to match record 2017 for airstrikes in Somalia',

11613: 10068: 9910: 9166:'Somalia Not Ready for Amisom Handover, UPDF', Dalsan Radio (Mogadishu), 7 May 2018 via Allafrica.com website. 7571: 4437:

With the expanded control over the capital AMISOM on 16 May 2011 moved the civil staff and police officers to

2492:(headquartered in Belet Weyne and the responsibility of the Djiboutian contingent) covering the Hiraan region. 15826: 15247: 14960: 14947: 14617: 14528: 14234: 14179: 13878: 13428: 13261: 13155: 12839:'Govt Condemns Mortar Attack in Mogadishu That Left 5 Dead', Shabelle Media Network (Mogadishu), 2 July 2018. 12632:'Uganda Blames Somalia for Deadly Mogadishu Shoot-Out', Shabelle Media Network (Mogadishu), 26 February 2018. 11442: 11234: 8982: 8347: 6871: 6753: 5316:

On 20 September a Somali intelligence official was assassinated when a bomb on his car exploded in Mogadishu.

5065: 385: 217: 157: 12857:

https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2018/07/shabaab-targets-presidential-palace-with-suicide-assault.php

12443:

https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/10/shabaab-claims-coordinated-suicide-bombings-in-mogadishu.php

10122: 9841: 9685: 8469:

AMISOM, 2014, 'Ethiopian troops formally join AMISOM peacekeepers in Somalia', AMISOM News, 23 January 2014.

7442: 7126: 6200:"Rejecting African Solutions to African Problems: The African Union and the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia" 5721:"Military Diplomacy Strategies Applied by AMISOM in Restoration of Peace and Security in the Horn of Africa" 5682:"Rejecting African Solutions to African Problems: The African Union and the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia" 5258:

On 17 May a car bomb was intercepted but later accidentally detonated killing three and wounding two others.

5227:

On 21 March ten people were killed and 12 others wounded when a car bomb detonated at a security checkpoint.

5221:

On 13 March a Somali military base in Mogadishu was targeted by a car bomb, killing three and wounding five.

4969:

18 March 2014 – At least three Dijiboutian soldiers were killed in a hotel attack on the town of Bulo-burde.

4427: 899: 15359: 14704: 14429: 14424: 14394: 14309: 14304: 14224: 9884: 9698: 4516:

spoke encouragingly of the future of Sierra Leone's forces in conjunction with Kenya. As of June 2012, the

4486: 867:

intended to provide consultative and planning support to allied forces in order to enhance their capacity.

12803:'Gunmen Kill Somali Soldier in Afgoye Outside Mogadishu', Shabelle Media Network (Mogadishu), 9 June 2018. 11788:"SOMALIA: President says Godane is dead, now is the chance for the members of al-Shabaab to embrace peace" 10081:

https://amisom-au.org/2021/01/amisom-deputy-force-commander-meets-djibouti-ethiopian-troops-in-beletweyne/

7143:

PANA, Nairobi, 17/9/2010, via Africa Research Bulletin-PSC, 1–31 September 2010, Vol. 47, No. 9, p.18561C.

5520:

On 13 October two suicide bombers detonated explosive devices in the town of Baidoa, killing 15 civilians.

5236:

On 5 April 5 eight people were killed outside the Ministry of Youth and Sports headquarters by a car bomb.

5218:

On 12 March a Somali journalist survived an assassination attempt after an IED fitted to his car exploded.

5108:

26 June 2015: At least 50 Burundian soldiers (with potential excesses of over 70) were reported killed in

15558: 15353: 14971: 14776: 14564: 14464: 14399: 14384: 14254: 14149: 13993: 13948: 13513: 13364: 13314: 12785:'US Airstrike Kills 27 Terrorist Fighters in N. Somalia', Voice of America (Washington, DC), 5 June 2018. 10394:

Kevin J. Kelley, Somalia: How 'Quiet Americans' Helped Defeat Al Shabaab, Garoweonline.com, Aug 22, 2011.

9402:'Uganda Resumes Rotation of Peacekeeping Troops to Somalia', Dalsan Radio (Mogadishu), 12 September 2020. 6597: 5541:

29 May 2020 The Security Council reauthorized the AU Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) until 28 February 2021.

5351: 5291: 5280:

On 30 July five soldiers were killed by a car bomb near a security checkpoint on Maka al Mukarama Street.

4461: 4431: 3001:

Nine-month deployment. Lost ten personnel with 30 injured Heavily involved in the battle for Mogadishu.

789: 389: 12545:'AU Probes Death of Soldier by Colleague in Somalia', Shabelle Media Network (Mogadishu), 20 April 2017. 10820: 10277:

Turay, S.B., 2013, 'Salone to Send More Troops to Somalia', Concord Times (Freetown), 11 September 2013.

8713: 8101: 3970:. Deployed November 2019 and ended tour in May 2021, after an extension due to the Covid-19 'pandemic'. 3889:(Maj. Sylvain Kinigi). Deployed October 2015 (replacing 28 Battalion?) and returned home February 2017. 915: 510:

authorized the AU to deploy a peacekeeping mission with a mandate of six months. On 20 August 2007, the

15805: 15788: 15637: 15593: 15546: 15464: 15442: 15141: 14543: 14479: 14419: 14239: 14169: 13928: 13871: 13359: 13254: 12972: 12773: 12768:

Roggio, B. & Gutowski, A. (2018) 'US kills 27 Shabaab terrorists in rare northern Somalia strike',

9673:

http://amisom-au.org/2016/07/burundian-battalions-conclude-successful-yearlong-tour-of-duty-in-somalia/

6043: 6022: 5609: 5233:

On 27 March it was announced that 31 al-Shabaab fighters had been killed during KDF raids on two bases.

4921:

20 January – Two AU soldiers were injured in a military offensive to consolidate security in Mogadishu.

4535: 748: 503: 452: 400: 36: 13057:

Fighting for Peace in Somalia: A History and Analysis of the African Union Mission (AMISOM), 2007–2017

12469:

https://www.africandefence.net/al-shabaab-has-reportedly-overrun-another-kdf-military-base-in-somalia/

11947:"SOMALIA: Government forces and AU troops move Al-Shabab from villages in Gal-gudud and Hiran regions" 10213:

Kamara, A.S., 2013, 'Sierra Leone sends 850 soldiers to Somalia', Sierra Express Media, 28 March 2013.

3130:

Lost 17 personnel. Participated in Operation Indian Ocean, the August–October 2014 advance to Barawe.

15904: 15899: 15625: 15541: 15469: 15067: 14977: 14533: 14444: 14334: 14189: 13923: 13433: 12928: 12510:'Kenyan forces kill 31 al Shabaab militants in Somalia – statement', Reuters, 27 March 2017-04:09 pm. 7310: 6199: 5681: 5261:

On 24 May eight people were killed and 15 others wounded in a car bomb targeting a police checkpoint.

4498: 3976:

Deployed November 2019 and ended tour in May 2021, after an extension due to the Covid-19 'pandemic'.

2892:

One infantry battalion (Col. Peter Elwelu) and one Armour/ Motorised Infantry battalion (Col. Kyazze)

793: 744: 10178:

AMISOM 2013, AMISOM welcomes more peacekeepers from Sierra Leone', AMISOM press release 1 June 2013.

9715:

http://intelligencebriefs.com/burundi-deploys-two-fresh-battalions-for-somalia-peacekeeping-mission/

9534: 6977: 6286: 5255:

On 15 May police intercepted and later destroyed a car bomb intended to target the National Theatre.

15728: 15603: 15093: 15062: 14805: 14716: 14144: 14003: 13943: 13374: 11314: 10342:

The Election Year Outsourcing No One's Talking About: The U.S. Fighting Proxy Wars Around the Globe

7173: 5433:

Also on 12 May a bomb in a market in the Bulomarer district killed four civilians and wounded five.

4212:

Responsible for Sector 4, headquartered in Belet Weyne and covering Hiiraan and Galgaduud regions.

418:

the Uganda Army and Burundian Army forced the militants to withdraw from the capital. In 2014, the

12359:

Kalinaki, D.K. (2017) 'Who Shall Account For Those Who Die While Fighting For Our Right to Live?'

11125:"Affordable News, Weather and Content for Websites, Apps and Digital Signage | FeedSyndicate" 15723: 15459: 15260: 15111: 15088: 15014: 14877: 14849: 14644: 14474: 14364: 14194: 14184: 14139: 14033: 13998: 13968: 13397: 13349: 12923:

Roggio, B. & Gutowski, A. (2018) 'Shabaab launches another attack on US and partner forces',

9389:'AMISOM Hands Over Afgoye Military Base to Somai National Army', AMISOM News, 25 March 2021, < 6731: 5478:

attacked the Police Commissioner's residence in Baidoa, killing three soldiers and injuring four.

5325:

On 29 September Somali sources reported 30 people — 12 soldiers and 18 insurgents — killed in an

5307:

On 14 August an IED fitted under a taxi killed at least one person near the Jazeera Palace Hotel.

5182:

On 4 January three UN soldiers were wounded by an explosion near their headquarters in Mogadishu.

170: 12940:'U.S. Airstrike Kills 9 Al-Shabaab Militants, Voice of America (Washington, DC), 3 October 2018. 8606:

The Monitor (Kampala), 28 October 2014, 'UPDF sends 2700 troops to Somalia, names new Commander'

7743:

AMISOM 2015, 'Force Commander Completes Tour of Duty in Somalia', AMISOM News, 23 December 2015.

6819: 5481:

On 14 July two car-bombs were detonated in Mogadishu targeting the presidential palace compound.

4021: 15436: 15254: 15043: 14249: 14164: 14118: 14028: 14013: 13859: 13501: 13438: 13242: 12794:'Alshabaab and Govt Troops in Deadly Clash over El-Wak', Dalsan Radio (Mogadishu), 8 June 2018. 11366: 9278: 8478:

AMISOM News, 18 January 2016, 'Ethiopian National Defense Forces Contingent Deploys in Kismayo'

6849: 6767: 5179:

On 2 January two suicide car bombs targeted a security checkpoint near the airport and a hotel.

5109: 5056:

documented cases in a 71-page report published on 8 September 2014 with recommendations to the

4997: 12580:

Maruf, H. (2017) Senior General Gunned Down in Mogadishu, Voice of America, 25 September 2017.

8805:

New Vision (Kampala), 24 November 2008, 'Uganda sends fresh troops to country', Chris Kiwawulo

8457: 8420: 6446: 6415: 5887: 5863: 5836: 5274:

On 22 June a police station on Maka al Mukarama Street, Mogadishu, was targeted by a car bomb.

4441:. This includes Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission for 3907:(Maj. Adolphe Kaguruka). Deployed May 2016, replacing 31 Battalion? Returned home June 2017. 3824:(Lt. Col. Gregoire Ndikumazambo). Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu. 15388: 14965: 14632: 14622: 14259: 14154: 14098: 14088: 13571: 13523: 13392: 13339: 13309: 12600:

https://www.voanews.com/a/somalia-two-civilians-african-union-soldier-die-ambush/4085687.html

12598:

Maruf, H. (2017) Two Civilians, AU Soldier Die in Ambush, Voice of America, 25 October 2017,

10169:'AMISOM Djiboutian Contingent Celebrate Eid al-fitr in Beletweyne', AMISOM News, 8 July 2016. 9391:

https://amisom-au.org/2021/03/amisom-hands-over-afgoye-military-base-to-somali-national-army/

8620:"Somali President affirms electoral process a milestone, at a meeting with Uganda army chief" 7684:"AMISOM Press Release: Lieutenant General Andrew Gutti takes command of AU forces in Somalia" 7497: 5436:

On 31 May a U.S. air strike 50 km southwest of Mogadishu was reported to have killed 12

4693: 4073: 4026: 1389: 12486:

http://mobile.nation.co.ke/news/-repulse-Shabaab-attackers/1950946-3791160-b0pbtf/index.html

10978: 10016:

http://mobile.nation.co.ke/news/-repulse-Shabaab-attackers/1950946-3791160-b0pbtf/index.html

7555:

Black Hawks Rising: The Story of AMISOM's Successful War against Somali Insurgents 200702014

3830:(Lt. Col. Richard Bimenyimana). Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu. 3801:(Lt. Col. Pontien Hakizimana). Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu. 15777: 15717: 15430: 14389: 14374: 14319: 14229: 14199: 13983: 13883: 13484: 13407: 13266: 10258: 7010: 6890: 6593: 5720: 5619: 5347:

insurgents in an ambush on the outskirts of Mogadishu which also left four terrorists dead.

4765: 4742: 4668: 887: 832: 828: 444: 365: 243: 204: 12113:"allAfrica.com: Somalia: Burundi Army Spokesman Confirms Troops Killed in Al-Shabaab Raid" 11489:"Les Forces de l'AMISOM capturent Maslah et élargissent la Défense de Mogadiscio – AMISOM" 6697: 5204:

On 27 February a number of Somali National Army (SNA) soldiers were wounded by a car bomb.

3812:(Lt. Col. Pascal Hakizimana). Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu. 8: 15741: 15117: 14917: 14839: 14507: 14409: 14349: 14108: 14093: 14063: 13610: 13494: 12967:

Roggio, B. & Gutowski, A. (2018) 'Shabaab attacks Somali force in southern Somalia',

12728:'SNA Soldiers Killed in Lower Shabelle IED Blast', Radio Dalsan (Mogadishu), 10 May 2018. 12454:

Mukinda, F. & Cherono, S. (2017) 'Kenyan Soldiers Fight Back After Raid by Shabaab',

11467:"AMISOM forces launch a military offensive to consolidate security in Mogadishu – AMISOM" 9484:

AMISOM News 23 June 2016, 'AMISOM Commends Senior Officers For Exemplary Work In Somalia'

9264:'UPDF battle group feted for role in peacekeeping in Somalia', AMISOM News, 18 July 2019. 9142:"Uganda Army's Battle Group 19 departs Somalia after serving a year under the AU Mission" 9009:"Uganda Army's Battle Group 19 departs Somalia after serving a year under the AU Mission" 7908:

The Star (Nairobi), 10 April 2012, 'Kibaki Promotes 13 Military Officers, Sends Home Two'

6671: 6541: 4619: 3050:

Col. Stephen Mugerwa, or Lt. Col. Frederick Akiiki Rugadya, or Lt. Col. Eugine Ssebugwawo

929: 851: 813: 724:. Reportedly the troops had been training for two years in preparation for the mission. 646: 461: 357: 183: 13089: 11866:"Somalia: African Union strongly rejects Human Rights Watch allegations on sexual abuse" 11012: 10483:"Special Report: How Many Fatalities Has the African Union Mission in Somalia Suffered?" 10030:'AMISOM Sector II command hands over to new contingent', AMISOM News, 12 February 2020, 9964:"AMISOM Dismantles Terrorist Ambush Point Dobley", AMISOM press release, 7 February 2013 9789:

Mutambo, A. (2016) 'Amisom Troop Contributing Nations Reject New EU Payment Procedure',

7014: 5191:

On 27 January a Kenyan base near Kulbiyow town in the Lower Juba region was attacked by

4949:

24 October – Four Ugandan soldiers were killed by a bomb while advancing towards Baidoa.

3345:

Replaced Ugabag XIX in the Marka area. Later reported to be headquartered at Ceeljaale.

303: 43:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

15123: 14906: 14883: 14598: 14512: 14279: 14113: 14053: 14048: 13591: 13566: 13547: 13489: 11763:"allAfrica.com: Somalia: Roadside Bomb Injures 6 Somali, Amisom Soldiers in Bulo Burde" 11307:"Al-Shabaab killed more than 150(Update) AMISOM soldiers in recent battle in Mogadishu" 10110:

https://amisom-au.org/2022/02/djiboutian-troops-under-amisom-receive-au-service-medals/

9240: 7130: 7041: 6998: 6747: 6353: 6314: 5800: 5053: 5045: 5041: 3818:(Lt. Col. Egide Nitabara). Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu. 3107:

Replaced Ugabag 9. Reinforced by 'Ugabag XI+' under Col. Hassan Kimbowa from May 2013?

717:

1,500 well-seasoned troops as early as Saturday, 17 February 2007 under the command of

11566: 10602:"Ethiopia – ENDFEthiopia – ENDFEthiopia – Ciidamada Difaaca Qaranka Ethiopia – AMISOM" 9365:"Deputy Chief of Defence Forces Flags off UGABAG XXVIII and UNGU VI - The Mighty UPDF" 6507: 5440:

insurgents. This was said to be the fifteenth U.S. air strike in Somalia during 2018.

5230:

On 24 March a car bomb targeted a popular cafe and hotel near the presidential palace.

5201:

On 19 February a car bomb detonated at a Mogadishu market, killing at least 30 people.

3883:(Maj. Richard Nikoyagize). Returned home during July 2016 after year-long deployment. 15863: 15707: 15377: 15236: 15171: 14548: 14497: 14159: 14083: 14058: 14038: 13988: 13324: 13061: 11436: 11228: 8814:

New Vision (Kampala), 5 September 2009, 'UPDF changes Somalia troops', Raymond Baguma

8793:(Kampala), 1 October 2007, 'Second UPDF troops ready to deploy', Al-Mahdi Ssenkabirwa 8341: 7972:"AMISOM Deputy Force Commander receives grand send off in Somalia after tour of duty" 7641: 7046: 7028: 6865: 6488: 6345: 6318: 6306: 6265: 6219: 6175: 6142: 5742: 5701: 4924:

2 March – Two Ugandan soldiers were injured during the capture of the city of Maslah.

4450: 15552: 14741: 12886:

Weiss, C. (2018) 'Shabaab releases photos from inside joint US–Somali–Kenyan base',

12560:

http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1458816/updf-probes-somalia-ambush-killed

11814:"Somalia forces and AMISOM liberate Tiyeeglow town in Bakool region from al-shabaab" 10821:

President Hassan: AMISOM troops from Sierra Leone had no political agenda in Somalia

10151:

AMISOM press release, 25 November 2012, 'AMISOM Force Commander Tours Hiraan Region'

10032:

https://amisom-au.org/2020/02/amisom-sector-ii-command-hands-over-to-new-contingent/

8303: 8261:"AMISOM Burundian troops, Battle Groups 55 and 56 end their tour of duty in Somalia" 15811: 15711: 15503: 15206: 14810: 14661: 14043: 14018: 13839: 13712: 13542: 13402: 13319: 13304: 13222: 13150: 11150: 11106: 9412: 8673:

Kato, Joseph (2017) 'Brig Lokech Returns to Somalia As UPDF Contingent Commander',

7931: 7036: 7018: 6402: 6298: 6211: 5963: 5941: 5779:

AMISOM is, by far, the most deadly peace operation worldwide over the last 80 years

5766: 5732: 5693: 5629: 4928: 4509: 3877:(Maj. John Manirakiza). Returned home during July 2016 after year-long deployment. 1127: 1063: 764:

was administered to affected soldiers, resulting in rapid and dramatic resolution.

599: 271: 13669: 9339:"UGANDA BATTLE GROUP TWENTY-EIGHT ASSUMES OPERATIONS IN SOMALIA - The Mighty UPDF" 6302: 6215: 5697: 2451: 15762: 15570: 15194: 15038: 14023: 13978: 13938: 13829: 13642: 13369: 13334: 13329: 13212: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13055: 12319: 12298: 12240: 12137: 12112: 12003: 11762: 11708: 11658: 11636: 11588: 11541:"Les forces de l'AMISOM capturent la ville de Miido, 36 Al-Shabaab tués – AMISOM" 11034: 10803: 10788: 10641: 10348: 10317:'Sierra Leone deploys 160 police officers to Somalia', AMISOM News 18 April 2018. 10265: 10248:

AMISOM 2015, 'Sierra Leone contingent return home', Amison News, 15 January 2015.

10001:"KDF Army Commander Visits, Lauds Troops in Kismayo", AMISOM News, 28 August 2015 9768: 9541: 9419: 8929: 8894: 8582: 7395: 7096: 7065: 7023: 6984: 6966: 6423: 6050: 5559: 5310:

On 27 August a car bomb detonated injuring two people on Maka al Mukarama Street.

5020:

and Kaawada villages in the Galguduud province's El Bur district from Al-Shabaab.

4526: 11077: 10823:, AMISOM Daily Media Monitoring, 19 December 2014. Accessed on 20 December 2014. 9909:'New Burundi battle group arrives in Somalia', AMISOM News, 21 August 2017, < 9444:

Wandera, D. (2021) 'CDF Mbadi Warns Somalia Bound Troops Against Recklessness',

7870:"Outgoing AMISOM Force Commander and his deputy feted for distinguished service" 7662:"Lieutenant General Andrew Gutti takes command of AU forces in Somalia – AMISOM" 6939: 6913: 6793: 6645: 6069: 5333:

sources reported 30 government soldiers killed and 11 vehicles captured by them.

669:(a force between 770 and 1,100 troops) to join the Somali peacekeeping mission. 15690: 15423: 15418: 15230: 15224: 15212: 15156: 14627: 14459: 13973: 13630: 12294:"Two major al-Shabaab leaders killed in US airstrike and raid by Somali forces" 10067:'AMISOM honors outgoing Sector Four Commander', AMISOM News, 16 February 2020, 9827:

Havyarimana, M. (2017) 'Burundi Troops to Remain in Somalia, Payments Resume',

5073: 5069: 5061: 4508:

in preparation for their deployment to Somalia later this year. In June 2012,

1422: 1031: 999: 967: 892: 721: 650: 515: 491: 12684:

https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2018/04/us-continues-jilib-somalia.php

12571:'Alshabab Executes Captured Soldier', Dalsan Radio (Mogadishu), 5 August 2017. 10590:

SOMALIA: The only Burundian soldier 'POW' held by Al Shabab in critical health

9204:"Gen Muhoozi Stresses Discipline As Battle Group 23 is Flagged Off to Somalia" 8954: 5409:

detonated a bomb at a soccer stadium in Baraawe, killing at least five people.

403:

on 19 January 2007 with an initial six-month mandate. On 21 February 2007 the

15878: 15848: 15649: 15631: 15587: 15479: 15242: 15218: 14681: 14569: 14219: 13717: 13625: 13518: 13160: 13107: 12851:

Weiss, C. (2018) 'Shabaab targets presidential palace with suicide assault',

12268:"Abdullahi Da'ud, key al-Shabaab leader, killed by U.S. airstrike in Somalia" 11337:"Le contrà´le de Deynile est crucial pour la sécurité de Mogadiscio – AMISOM" 10305: 10236: 10223: 10201: 10188: 10108:'Djiboutian troops under AMISOM receive AU service medals', AMISOM News, < 10044:

https://amisom-au.org/2022/02/kenyan-troops-in-somalia-welcome-new-commander/

9921: 9919: 8060:"AU Deputy Special Representative visits injured soldiers at AMISOM hospital" 7465:"U.S. Military Advisers Deployed to Somalia: First Time Since Blackhawk Down" 7421:"Somali war expertise and superior combat kits to boost anti-terror campaign" 7032: 6760: 6464: 6452: 6349: 6310: 6223: 5746: 5705: 5589: 5198:

On 2 February a civilian was injured when a car bomb exploded near his house.

5085: 5057: 5049: 4849: 4513: 1972:

Initially this position was that of Chief Administration Officer for AMISOM.

718: 681: 654: 631: 606: 472: 456: 377: 361: 12909:

https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2018/08/shabaab-strike-mogadishu.php

12757:

https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2018/06/strike-outside-mogadishu.php

12532:

Odunga, D. (2017) 'KDF Soldiers Kill 15 Shabaab Terrorists in Dawn Attack',

12480:

Achuka, V. (2017) 'Good communication network enabled KDF call for backup',

11918:"Somalia: AMISOM successfully carried out operation on two Al-Shabaab camps" 11421:"Shabelle Media Network | | Shabakada Warbaahinta Shabelle |" 11399:"SOMALIE. Un Américain auteur d'un attentat-suicide – Le Nouvel Observateur" 11259:"TFG / AMISOM secure remaining al shabaab strongholds in Mogadishu – AMISOM" 10841: 6567: 6095: 6093: 4294:

Col. Osman Doubad is given as Contingent Commander as late as January 2016.

784:

on 22 July 2010, AU ministers agreed to expand the mission's mandate from a

14784: 14593: 13472: 12437:

Weiss, C. (2017) Shabaab claims coordinated suicide bombings in Mogadishu,

10069:

https://amisom-au.org/2020/02/amisom-honors-outgoing-sector-four-commander/

9911:

http://amisom-au.org/2017/08/new-burundi-battle-group-arrives-in-somalia-2/

9475:

AMISOM News 5 July 2015, 'AMISOM Force Commander visits troops in Jereredo'

7050: 6380: 6244: 4712: 4471:

Ambassador Epiphanie Kabushemeye-Ntamwana was the civilian Chief of Staff.

2459:

On 15 October 2011 Kenyan forces crossed the border into Somalia to attack

1095: 785: 557: 465: 256: 10834:"Sierra Leone – PoliceSierra Leone – PoliceSierra Leone – Police – AMISOM" 9916: 7717: 7396:"allAfrica.com: Somalia: Ethiopia Decides to Join Amisom Force in Somalia" 5343:

On 25 October a Ugandan soldier and two civilians were reported killed by

3042:

Participated in Operation Free Shabelle, the May 2012 advance to Afgooye.

1413:

Killed in suicide bomb blast at AMISOM headquarters on 17 September 2009.

879: 657:

at the 69th meeting of the Peace and Security Council. On 22 January 2007

15858: 15853: 15403: 15177: 14932: 13477: 12333:

Mwiti, D. (2016) 'KDF Soldier Killed on Duty in Somalia Buried in Meru',

9686:

http://amisom-au.org/2017/02/new-burundi-battle-group-arrives-in-somalia/

8895:"How Shortage of Equipment, Poor Operation Flaws Cost Amison 19 Soldiers" 6537: 6090: 5737: 5447:

On 8 June fighting was reported between Somalia National Army forces and

5116:

1 September 2015: Between 20–50 AMISOM peacekeepers are killed after the

3193:

Based at Arbiska. New battle group, making three in the UPDF contingent.

920: 860: 9699:

http://amisom-au.org/2017/06/new-burundian-battalion-arrives-in-somalia/

9299:

Ministry of Defence and Veterans' Affairs Uganda website, December 2018.

6768:"Diplomats stress need for all-inclusive talks on the future of Somalia" 6357: 6333: 5371:

On 1 March two soldiers were killed and five other people wounded in an

15474: 14579: 12090: 12069:"Three KDF soldiers killed, 8 wounded by al Shabaab in Delbio, Somalia" 12068: 12046: 11892:"Somalia: Federal Govt, Ethiopian forces seize Al Shabaab-held village" 10871: 10160:

AMISOM press release, 20 December 2011, 'Djiboutian troops join AMISOM'

9730: 9496:"A new Commander for the AMISOM Burundian Contingent deployed - AMISOM" 8687: 6999:"Outbreak of Beriberi among African Union Troops in Mogadishu, Somalia" 5909: 5098: 4841:

22 February 2009 – 11 Burundian soldiers were killed and 15 wounded in

2467:

militants from Mogadishu and the force was organized into new sectors.

904: 891:

An AU contingent pauses during combat operations against Al-Shabaab in

12724: 12722: 10609: 10451: 10010:

Achuka, V., 'Good communication network enabled KDF call for backup',

6612: 6582: 5016:

are also injured. The attack destroys the Al-Shabaab hideout facility.

14574: 11610:"L'AMISOM récupère une ville se trouvant à 50 km de Kismayo – AMISOM" 11455: 10901: 10661: 10379:"Sierra Leone Defence Minister denies reports of killings in Somalia" 5791: 5789: 5787: 5375:

suicide car-bomb attack on a checkpoint 15 km outside Mogadishu.

5329:

attack on an SNA base in Barire, 47 km southwest of Mogadishu.

4932: 4456:

Much of the key logistical support for the force was provided by the

4438: 4423: 4412: 693: 666: 448: 93: 12973:

https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2018/10/shabaab-attack-2.php

12774:

https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2018/06/shabaab-northern.php

12497:

Mukinda, F. (2017) 'KDF Kills 57 Al-Shabaab Near Afmadow, Somalia',

12346:

Kasasira, R. (2017) 'Al-Shabaab Executes Captured Ugandan Soldier',

10925:"Up to 3,000 African peacekeepers killed in Somalia since 2007: U.N" 8209:"Ugandan troops receive grand sendoff after tour of duty in Somalia" 8191: 8189: 5762:"Exclusive: At Least 3,500 AU Soldiers Killed in Somalia Since 2007" 5322:

On 28 September a car bomb outside a restaurant killed seven people.

5185:

On 24 January an attack on a hotel in Mogadishu left 28 people dead.

3948:(Maj. Chartier Nyandwi). Deployed June 2017, replacing 37 Battalion. 816:

said on 14 March 2011 the soldiers had been deployed a week before.

15300: 15021: 14773: 14676: 14656: 13605: 13586: 13467: 12719: 12091:"AMISOM Gives Details Of Two Separate Ambush Attacks on Its Troops" 11515:"Les Forces de l'AMISOM capturent le district de Daynille – AMISOM" 10042:'Kenyan troops in Somalia welcome new commander', AMISOM News, < 8384:"Top Al-Shabaab commander killed in major SNA and AMISOM offensive" 7722: 6852:. 16 February 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007 6838: 6074: 6044:"IGAD to deploy peacekeepers despite opposition by faction leaders" 4688: 4639: 3127:

37 Bn (Maj. Lugira), 43 Bn (Maj. Ankankunda) and 61 Bn (Maj. Ojuga)

2319: 2130: 2047: 1872: 1726: 1668: 1312: 1254: 1225: 800: 761: 757: 689: 419: 411: 393: 369: 144: 139: 69: 13025:"AU starts second phase of discussion over new mission in Somalia" 12929:

https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2018/09/shabaab-attack.php

12751:

Gutowski, A. (2018) 'US strikes Shabaab again outside Mogadishu',

12315:"Al-Shabaab militants storm Somalia base used by Ethiopian troops" 9977: 8740:"New AMISOM Deputy Force Commander meets AMISOM Uganda commanders" 6734:. 5 February 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007 5784: 5454:

On 8 June a Somali soldier was assassinated in a market in Afgoye.

4861:

the wounded was AMISOM commander Gen. Nathan Mugisha, from Uganda.

3082:

25 Bn (Maj. Sentamu), 39 Bn (Lt. Col. Wamale), 45 Bn (Maj. Ruziro)

14651: 14639: 14612: 13600: 13556: 13532: 10733: 10130: 9535:

https://www.updf.go.ug/AMISOM_commander_visits_Burundi_troops.php

8826:(Kampala), 7 June 2011, 'Bodies of Fallen Soldiers Brought Home'. 8583:"allAfrica.com: Uganda: Brig. Dick Olum New UPDF Boss in Somalia" 8186: 8022:"AMISOM Deputy Force Commander completes tour of duty in Somalia" 6471:

Controversy in Ugandan government over sending troops to Somalia

5914: 5555: 5268:

suicide car bomb attack near a restaurant and hotel in Mogadishu.

5148:

lost several of their leaders to U.S. airstrikes during May 2016.

4943: 4884:

12 AU soldiers were killed (including 7 Ugandans) and 13+ injured

4737: 4614: 4539: 4442: 4404: 2504:(Mogadishu: Banadir and Lower Shabelle regions) – UPDF contingent 2157: 2077: 1755: 1697: 1521: 1493: 1464: 1435: 1402: 1341: 1140: 908: 781: 713: 701: 673: 662: 570: 152: 126: 104: 15895:

Peacekeeping missions and operations involving the African Union

10534: 8159:"AMISOM hands over Afgoye military base to Somali National Army" 6786: 6638: 5656:"HOW TO END THE CIVIL WAR IN SOMALIA: NEGOTIATE WITH AL-SHABAAB" 4856:

17 September 2009 – 17 soldiers were killed and 29 wounded in a

13096: 12226:

Njagi, J. (2016) 'How Al-Shabaab Raided Kenyan Military Camp',

10953:"Ethiopia says ready to boost Somalia troops after SLeone exit" 10761:"Somalie: Fusillade au sein du contingent militaire djiboutien" 9940:"Ethiopian troops formally join AMISOM peacekeepers in Somalia" 9520: 9518: 7815:"New Force Commander takes over at the helm of AMISOM military" 5117: 4927:

29 March – Four Burundian soldiers were wounded in a battle on

4589: 2292: 2265: 2238: 2184: 2020: 1991: 1961: 1843: 1638: 1609: 1283: 1197: 1108: 1076: 1044: 1012: 980: 804: 709: 697: 658: 574: 12712: 12710: 10635:

Al Shabaab says they killed Ethiopian soldiers near Wabho town

6698:"Security Council press statement on somalia SC/8947 AFR/1495" 6526: 5378:

On 2 March five Burundian soldiers were reported killed in an

3072:

Col. Edison Muwaguzi (or Muhanguzi), later charged and demoted

625:

Burundian soldiers training before deployment to Somalia, 2012

12138:"Somalia attack: Al-Shabab attacks African Union Janale base" 10709:"La prise de Kysmaayo par les armées kényanes et somaliennes" 9867: 9865: 9863: 9115:

Kasasira, R. (2017) 'UPDF Soldiers Given Medals in Somalia',

8838:(Kampala), 26 January 2011, 'More UPDF troops go to Somalia'. 7186:

AFP 14/3/2011, reported in ARB-PSC 1–31 March 2011, p.18776C.

6846:"Ugandan Troops Set to Arrive in Somalia as Part of AU Force" 6334:"Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia, US Warlordism & AU Shame" 5799:. Agence de Presse Africaine. 22 January 2007. Archived from 4760: 4663: 4517: 4408: 2532:

In January 2017 Kismayo was mentioned as a separate sector –

2516:(Baidoa: Bay, Bakool and Gedo regions) – Ethiopian contingent 2427: 2400: 2373: 2346: 2105: 1902: 1814: 1784: 1579: 1549: 1169: 705: 642: 566: 12047:"SNA and AMISOM Moves on Bulo Burde to Break Alshabab Siege" 9515: 9127: 9125: 4996:

16 August 2014: AMISOM, accompanied by FGS forces, launched

4504:

At the same time, U.S. troops have assisted in training the

3919:, 850 personnel. Deployed July 2016, replacing 33 Battalion 3913:, 850 personnel. Deployed July 2016, replacing 32 Battalion 3865:. Returned home in November 2015; replaced by 36 Battalion. 3859:. Returned home in November 2015; replaced by 35 Battalion. 12986:"African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) Reauthorisation" 12707: 11702:

Somalia: Federal Govt, AMISOM troops clash with Al Shabaab

11423:. Shabelle.net. Archived from the original on 30 March 2022 10864:"Nigeria – PoliceNigeria – PoliceNigeria – Police – AMISOM" 8858: 8856: 6556: 6261:

Peacekeeping and the African Union: Building Negative Peace

5224:

On 13 March a popular hotel was targeted, leaving six dead.

5088:

dismissed the Human Rights Watch claims as isolated cases.

4981: 3853:. Returned home in October 2015 after 14 month deployment. 776:

AMISOM soldiers at the 2012 Female Peacekeepers' Conference

392:. AMISOM was the most deadly peacekeeping operation in the 13000:"Al-Shabaab kills 4 African Union peacekeepers in Somalia" 12484:(Nairobi), 29 January 2017, accessed 1 February 2017, < 11187:"AFP: Three African troops 'killed in Mogadishu fighting'" 9860: 9709: 9707: 9091:"Ugandan troops feted by AMISOM for distinguished service" 6409: 5989:"Somalia: Uncertain future as AMISOM transitions to ATMIS" 529:

On 31 May 2019, the Security Council unanimously approved

12554:

Lumu, D. (2017) 'UPDF probes Somalia ambush, 12 killed',

12164:"Al-Shabab claims 'scores' killed in attack on AU troops" 11680:"At least 2 Kenyan soldiers killed in Garissa gun attack" 10362:"Sierra Leone troops complete AMISOM deployment training" 9177:"UPDF Troops Welcomed from Equatorial Guinea and Somalia" 9122: 8489:"EU delegation visits AMISOM and SNA troops in Jubbaland" 8302:. Amisom.somaligov.net. 23 September 2012. Archived from 6690: 3172:

Lost 22 personnel. Based at Barawe. Replaced Ugabag XII.

2987:

Col. Ondogu although also given as Lt. Col. Francis Chemo

13083: 12252:'KDF Soldiers Kill 21 Al-Shabaab Militants in Somalia', 11589:"Somalia: KDF Soldiers Almost Ready for Major Offensive" 10444:"Uganda – PoliceUganda – PoliceUganda – Police – AMISOM" 10259:

http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/printer_200526199.shtml

8853: 8460: 12 November 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2017. 8423: 22 February 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2017. 7341:"Somali government welcomes Ethiopia AMISOM integration" 7097:"Africa: United Nations Blocks Change of Amisom Mandate" 6995: 1707:

Deputy Force Commander (Administration & Logistics)

850:

Ethiopian soldiers under AMISOM, training for combat in

296: 12433: 12431: 12429: 12427: 12425: 12423: 12421: 12419: 12417: 12415: 12413: 12411: 12409: 12407: 12405: 12403: 12401: 12399: 12397: 12395: 12393: 12391: 12389: 11999:"African Union troops in Somalia accused of gang-rapes" 10765:

Alwihda Info – Actualités TCHAD, Afrique, International

9704: 6940:"BBC NEWS – Africa – Burundi troops join AU in Somalia" 6287:"Fragmented Peacekeeping: The African Union in Somalia" 12558:(Kampala), 31 July 2017, accessed 16 August 2017, < 12387: 12385: 12383: 12381: 12379: 12377: 12375: 12373: 12371: 12369: 11151:"Somalia: Government captures Al-Shabab militia bases" 9842:"New Burundi battle group arrives in Somalia – AMISOM" 9643: 9641: 9639: 9637: 9635: 7763:"AMISOM's new Force Commander formally assumes office" 7094: 1646:

28 October 2016 but then remained until 10 April 2017

14771: 12738: 12736: 12734: 10894:"Ghana – PoliceGhana – PoliceGhana – Police – AMISOM" 10654:"Kenya – PoliceKenya – PoliceKenya – Police – AMISOM" 9885:"New Burundian Battalion arrives in Somalia – AMISOM" 9275:"UPDF TROOPS WELCOMED FROM SOMALIA - The Mighty UPDF" 8888: 8886: 8643: 8641: 8512: 8510: 8235:"AMISOM honors Burundian President Pierre Nkurunziza" 7789:"The AU Mission in Somalia has a new Force Commander" 7233:"U.S. steps up training for African force in Somalia" 7066:"Somalia: AU Ministers Agree to 'Take On' Al Shabaab" 6495:

Ugandan troops ready to deploy to Somalia within days

6483:

Uganda in quandary of sending peacekeepers to Somalia

4538:/private military companies operating in Mogadishu. 4415:. As of now, they number approximately 81 personnel. 4403:

The civilian staff of AMISOM has been operating from

2528:(Jowhar: Middle Shabelle region) – Burundi contingent 2522:(Belet Weyne: Hiiraan region) – Djiboutian contingent 788:

focus to a peace-enforcement focus that would engage

482:

Burundian troops preparing to deploy to Somalia, 2006

376:. The missions primary objective was to maintain the 11213:"AU Force Presses Offensive to Ease Somali Food Aid" 11009:

Réseau de recherche sur les opérations de paix (ROP)

10789:

Somalia's al-Shabab attacks army hotel in Bulo-burde

9667: 9665: 9307: 9305: 8326:"New spokesman takes over AMISOM information office" 8203: 8201: 8124:"AMISOM's New Deputy Force Commander assumes office" 7590: 7588: 6728:"Tanzania offers to train Somali troops, not deploy" 447:(ICU), a rising Islamist group fighting warlords in 13699: 13424:

2007 Mogadishu TransAVIAexport Airlines Il-76 crash

12678: 12676: 12619:'Death Toll Mounts After Mogadishu Palace Attack', 12366: 10997: 10431:'SA's guns-for-hire in Somalia – what happens now?' 9804:"Burundi soon withdrawing its troops from Somalia…" 9632: 9313:"AMISOM Uganda Commander impressed by troop morale" 8801: 8799: 7864: 7862: 6672:"Burundi troops ready to join Somalia peacekeepers" 6620:"Nigeria to send peacekeeping battalion to Somalia" 6285:Albrecht, Peter; Haenlein, Cathy (2 January 2016). 5000:

against Al-Shabaab-held pockets in the countryside.

4534:A security analyst in Somalia listed three primary 4422:has taken control over several strategic places in 364:. The operation deployed to Somalia soon after the 12847: 12845: 12731: 12640: 12638: 12185:"19 AU Soldiers Killed in Somali Al-Shabab Attack" 11920:. Garowe Online. 13 September 2014. Archived from 11612:. Amisom-au.org. 20 September 2012. Archived from 11281:"African Union Force Makes Strides Inside Somalia" 10804:Somalia's al-Shabab kill AU soldiers in Bulo-burde 9061:"Invest Wisely, Gen Muhoozi tells Battle Group 20" 8883: 8638: 8507: 7197:"UN council approves increase in AU Somalia force" 6886:"Violence out of control, say Mogadishu residents" 3901:. Deployed November 2015, replacing 30 Battalion? 3895:. Deployed November 2015, replacing 29 Battalion? 12441:, 28 October 2017, accessed 3 November 2017, < 11894:. Garowe Online. 6 September 2014. Archived from 11339:. Amisom-au.org. 28 November 2012. Archived from 11215:. 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Ben Sserwada 1883:Deputy Force Commander (Support & Logistics) 1824:Deputy Force Commander (Support & Logistics) 1765:Deputy Force Commander (Support & Logistics) 1590:Deputy Force Commander (Support & Logistics) 39:may be compromised due to out-of-date information 15876: 13053: 12673: 11941: 11939: 11035:"Uganda: UPDF in Somalia Hit By Strange Disease" 10714:. African Union Mission in Somalia. October 2012 10510:"2,700 Ugandan troops dead in Somalia: official" 10405:"How 'Quiet Americans' helped defeat Al Shabaab" 9725: 9723: 9413:http://www.defence.go.ug/home/newsandevents/71.0 8796: 8432:'UN unveils new look Amisom as Kenya joins up', 8362:"New Amisom commander promoted to Major General" 8098:"AU Awards Medals to Ugandans Troops in Somalia" 8016: 8014: 7859: 7596:"3,000 African Union Troops Arrive in Mogadishu" 7166:"Burundi sends 1,000 extra AU troops to Somalia" 6284: 6113:"Humanitarian – Thomson Reuters Foundation News" 5797:"69th meeting of the peace and Security Council" 5355:bomb detonated near the former Parliament house. 1913:Deputy Force Commander (Operations & Plans) 1853:Deputy Force Commander (Operations & Plans) 1795:Deputy Force Commander (Operations & Plans) 1736:Deputy Force Commander (Operations & Plans) 1678:Deputy Force Commander (Operations & Plans) 1619:Deputy Force Commander (Operations & Plans) 1560:Deputy Force Commander (Operations & Plans) 871:USD $ 800 (Sh92,800) in this final installment. 12842: 12635: 11816:. Garowe Online. 25 August 2014. Archived from 11543:. Amisom-au.org. September 2012. Archived from 9466:AMISOM Review, issue 12, August to October 2013 8688:"UPDF contingent in Somalia gets new commander" 7952:AMISOM Review issue 13, August to December 2013 7704:AMISOM Review, issue 13, August – December 2013 6459:Security Council Report: December 2006: Somalia 6428: 4460:(UNSOA), a field mission of the UN Secretariat 531:United Nations Security Council Resolution 2472 13137: 12919: 12917: 12519:'New Army Commander Escapes Mogadishu Blast', 12241:http://allafrica.com/stories/201611070483.html 12061: 11949:. Raxanreeb. 13 September 2014. Archived from 11842:. New Vision. 9 September 2014. Archived from 11659:"Uganda: UPDF Suffers Heavy Losses in Somalia" 11517:. Amisom-au.org. 30 March 2012. Archived from 11027: 10585: 10583: 10104: 10102: 10054: 10052: 9655: 9653: 9065:Ministry of Defence and Veteran Affairs Uganda 8577: 8575: 8054: 8052: 7189: 7155: 6971: 6953: 6812: 5869: 5842: 5815: 5595:United Nations-African Union Mission in Darfur 5154:fighters attacked an AMISOM base in June 2016. 688:-led peacekeeping mission. On 5 February 2007 85:March 2007 – 31 March 2022 (15 years, 25 days) 14757: 14135:2009 African Union base bombings in Mogadishu 13685: 13123: 11936: 11858: 11790:. Raxanreeb. 5 September 2014. Archived from 11780: 11637:"Uganda: UPDF Loses 4 Men in Baidoa, Somalia" 11491:. Amisom-au.org. 2 March 2012. Archived from 11101: 11099: 9744:"AMISOM Burundi contingent rotation deferred" 9720: 8983:"New Ugandan Battle Group arrives in Somalia" 8930:"New Report Slams UPDF Commanders in Somalia" 8011: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7440: 6325: 6278: 4831: 792:more directly. The decision came soon after 277:Ethiopian invasion and occupation (2006–2009) 14074:2018 African Union base attack in Bulo Marer 11806: 10351:TomDespatch.com/Alternet.org, 13 August 2012 9978:"Kenya – KDFKenya – KDFKenya – KDF – AMISOM" 8534:New Vision (Kampala), 5 September 2009: "... 8328:. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011 7565: 7563: 7443:"Somalis balk at plans for Ethiopian troops" 6373: 4411:since 2008 due to the security situation in 3871:, 828 personnel. Returned home 28 May 2016. 1649:Deputy Force Commander (Logistical Support) 638:community were drawn on to provide support. 13835:Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa 13218:Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa 12914: 12083: 12039: 11567:"Kenya finds 3 missing soldiers in Somalia" 10922: 10580: 10099: 10049: 9650: 9614:"Peacekeeping Contributor Profile: Burundi" 9119:(Kampala), 6 April 2017, via Allafrica.com. 8649:"Uganda says army's salary arrears 'ready'" 8572: 8547:New Vision (Kampala), 5 September 2009:"... 8049: 7712: 7710: 7525:African Union,Peace and Security Department 7456: 7225: 6664: 6100:Security Council Report: July 2006: Somalia 5937:"Ethiopian Troops Join AU Force in Somalia" 5905:"First AU peacekeepers arrive in Mogadishu" 5573:African Union Transition Mission in Somalia 5264:On 14 June eleven people were killed in an 4480: 919:A Kenyan soldier speaks to a Somali with a 556:An American officer inspecting troops from 428:African Union Transition Mission in Somalia 14764: 14750: 13692: 13678: 13130: 13116: 13088: 12259: 11884: 11868:. AMISOM. 9 September 2014. Archived from 11634: 11401:. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 30 October 2011 11096: 10752: 10354: 10325: 10323: 10306:http://www.sierraexpressmedia.com/?p=71304 10237:http://www.sierraexpressmedia.com/?p=67866 10224:http://www.sierraexpressmedia.com/?p=64517 10202:http://www.sierraexpressmedia.com/?p=67990 10189:http://www.sierraexpressmedia.com/?p=58849 9573: 9571: 8714:"AMISOM Ugandan troops mark 'Tarehe Sita'" 7888: 6622:. Reuters. 24 January 2007. Archived from 6566:. Reuters. 20 January 2007. Archived from 5615:Intergovernmental Authority on Development 4489:12 (SPMAGTF-12) trained soldiers from the 4330: 1357: 794:deadly bomb attacks in the Ugandan capital 686:Intergovernmental Authority on Development 636:Intergovernmental Authority on Development 611:Intergovernmental Authority on Development 399:AMISOM was created by the African Union's 302: 12755:, 2 June 2018, accessed 8 June 2018, < 11973:"Death Toll in Somalia Base Attack Rises" 10947: 10945: 10798: 10796: 10783: 10781: 10629: 10627: 10563:"43 Burundian soldiers killed in Somalia" 10557: 10555: 10477: 10475: 10473: 10471: 10469: 10330:AMISOM civilian staff relocate to Somalia 10026: 10024: 9972: 9970: 9201: 8977: 8975: 8614: 8612: 7676: 7560: 7305: 7303: 7211: 7040: 7022: 6978:AFP: Burundi completes Somalia deployment 6015:"Somalia: Don't Cross the Mogadishu Line" 5736: 5012:launch attacks and a supply storage area. 4177: 874: 641:On 17 January 2007, the US ambassador to 15910:United Nations Security Council mandates 14913:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) 14215:2015 Ministry of Higher Education attack 12772:, 5 June 2018, accessed 8 June 2018 < 11910: 11656: 11363:"Somalie: Des militaires burundais tués" 10684:"2 700 Ugandans dead in Somalia – claim" 7995: 7993: 7918: 7916: 7914: 7707: 7462: 7369: 7243: 6590:"Malawi to send peacekeepers to Somalia" 5719:Musoma, Albert Lusiola (27 April 2021). 4458:United Nations Support Office for AMISOM 4020: 3980: 3847:. Returned home at the end of May 2015. 3841:. Returned home at the end of May 2015. 3342:1 Bn and 19 Bn (Lt. Col. Robert Nahamya) 2450: 914: 898: 886: 878: 845: 771: 727: 620: 551: 520: 477: 380:between the ICU and the newly installed 15455:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present) 15130:2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis 14270:December 2016 Mogadishu suicide bombing 12988:. Security Council Report. 28 May 2020. 12021:. Human Rights Watch. 8 September 2014. 11832: 11628: 10815: 10813: 10811: 10758: 10320: 9568: 9241:"Uganda peacekeepers arrive in Somalia" 8927: 8569:AMISOM Bulletin, issue 8, November 2012 7572:"Uganda: UPDF shuffles Somalia command" 7490:"Kenya gets Sh2.5bn for KDF in Somalia" 7390: 7388: 7063: 6331: 6257: 6197: 5902: 5679: 5653: 5430:tax collectors left 13 insurgents dead. 4418:Since the beginning of 2011 AMISOM and 4252:Deputy Commander Col. Yeshiwas Kerbet. 3289:Col. Bernerd Arinaitwe Tuhaise (Tuhame) 547: 16:Intervention force in Somalia 2007-2022 15877: 13345:Battle of Mogadishu (March–April 2007) 11586: 10942: 10793: 10778: 10624: 10552: 10466: 10021: 9967: 8972: 8609: 7646:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 7372:"Is Ethiopia on al-Shabab's hit list?" 7300: 7274: 6370:(AU, PSC/PR/2(LXIX), 19 January 2007.) 5718: 5036: 4869: 3569: 3260:Based at Arbiska. Replaced Ugabag XV. 3239:Based at Barawe. Replaced Ugabag XIV. 2544: 903:Djiboutian Soldier patrol the base in 15644:South Kordofan and Blue Nile conflict 15565:2012–2013 Tana River District clashes 14745: 14175:2013 Mogadishu Turkish embassy attack 14079:December 2018 airstrikes in Gandarshe 13673: 13111: 12312: 12291: 11127:. Allheadlinenews.com. Archived from 9457:AMISOM Review, issue 5, November 2011 8560:AMISOM Bulletin, issue 2, August 2010 7990: 7911: 6826:from the original on 13 February 2007 6822:. StrategyPage.com. 9 February 2007. 6708:from the original on 14 February 2007 6652:from the original on 10 February 2007 6239: 6237: 5934: 5759: 5725:African Journal of Empirical Research 5600:African Union-led Regional Task Force 4843:a double suicide attack on their base 4718:Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces 4506:Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces 4016: 2441: 740:soldiers were deployed to Mogadishu. 14539:Abdiaziz Abdinur Ibrahim controversy 14104:2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia 11840:"AMISOM forces accused of sex abuse" 11635:Mutaizibwa, Emma (26 October 2012). 11587:Wabala, Dominic (4 September 2012). 10808: 10701: 9731:http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=31158 7569: 7544:New Vision (Kampala) 20 January 2007 7385: 5898: 5896: 5397:On 11 April U.S. forces destroyed a 5284:another seven wounded in the attack. 3563:To replace Uganda Battle Group XXX. 616: 560:prior to deployment to Somalia, 2012 525:Ugandan AMISOM contingents in patrol 20: 15734:Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict 15685:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency 15201:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency 14345:28 February 2019 Mogadishu bombings 14265:November 2016 Mogadishu car bombing 13867:2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive 13850:Diplomatic and humanitarian efforts 13355:Battle of Mogadishu (November 2007) 13250:2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive 13233:Diplomatic and humanitarian efforts 10507: 8100:. 26 September 2020. 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Tigabu Yilma Wondimhunegn 14: 15931: 15679:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 15383:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 14503:Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt 14340:4 February 2019 Mogadishu bombing 14295:28 October 2017 Mogadishu attacks 14275:2 January 2017 Mogadishu bombings 14210:Garissa University College attack 14009:Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt 13934:Battle for Central Somalia (2009) 13889:Somali Reconciliation Conferences 13272:Somali Reconciliation Conferences 13075: 12265: 11157:from the original on 6 March 2011 11078:"Suicide blasts hit Somalia base" 10923:Charbonneau, Louis (9 May 2013). 9067:. 19 January 2018. Archived from 7518: 7107:from the original on 31 July 2010 7076:from the original on 27 July 2010 7064:Kazooba, Charles (26 July 2010). 6678:from the original on 1 April 2007 6596:. 22 January 2007. Archived from 6540:. 17 January 2007. 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Jim Beesigye Owoyesigire 767: 588: 15509:2006–2009 Ethiopian intervention 14710: 14696: 14669: 14650: 14638: 14611: 14587: 14440:October 2022 Beledweyne bombings 14435:September 2022 Beledweyne attack 14415:February 2022 Beledweyne bombing 14380:2020 Mogadishu army base bombing 13618: 13599: 13579: 13555: 13531: 13460: 13102:African Union Mission to Somalia 13095: 13017: 12992: 12978: 12961: 12952: 12943: 12934: 12897: 12880: 12871: 12862: 12833: 12824: 12815: 12806: 12797: 12788: 12779: 12762: 12745: 12698: 12689: 12647: 12626: 12613: 12604: 12592: 12583: 12574: 12565: 12548: 12539: 12526: 12513: 12504: 12491: 12474: 12461: 12448: 12353: 12340: 12327: 12306: 12285: 12246: 12233: 12220: 12203: 12177: 12156: 12130: 12105: 12025: 12011: 11991: 11965: 11755: 11734: 11713: 11694: 11672: 11650: 11602: 11580: 11559: 11533: 11507: 11481: 11469:. Amisom-au.org. 20 January 2012 11459: 11449: 11413: 11391: 11381: 11355: 11329: 11299: 11273: 11261:. Amisom-au.org. 10 October 2011 11251: 11241: 11205: 11179: 11169: 11143: 11117: 11070: 11049: 10971: 10916: 10886: 10856: 10826: 10726: 10676: 10646: 10594: 10527: 10501: 10436: 10423: 10397: 10388: 10372: 10334: 10311: 10298: 10289: 10280: 10271: 10251: 10242: 10229: 10216: 10207: 10194: 10181: 10172: 10163: 10154: 10145: 10115: 10086: 10083:>, accessed 10 February 2021. 10073: 10061: 10036: 10004: 9995: 9958: 9932: 9903: 9877: 9834: 9821: 9796: 9783: 9761: 9736: 9691: 9678: 9606: 9581: 9559: 9546: 9527: 9487: 9478: 9469: 9460: 9451: 9438: 9425: 9405: 9396: 9383: 9367:. 18 August 2019. Archived from 9357: 9341:. 18 August 2019. Archived from 9331: 9293: 9277:. 18 August 2019. Archived from 9267: 9258: 9233: 9221: 9195: 9169: 9160: 9134: 9109: 9083: 9053: 9027: 9001: 8947: 8921: 8912: 8874: 8865: 8841: 8829: 8817: 8808: 8784: 8758: 8732: 8706: 8680: 8667: 8600: 8563: 8554: 8541: 8528: 8519: 8481: 8472: 8463: 8439: 8426: 8402: 8376: 8354: 8318: 8292: 8279: 8253: 8227: 8195:AMISOM Bulletin 28, 15 June 2011 8177: 8151: 8142: 8116: 8090: 8078: 8040: 6534:"US gives Somalia Sh6.4 billion" 4759: 4736: 4711: 4687: 4662: 4645:Ethiopian National Defense Force 4638: 4613: 4588: 4554: 4259:b. Djibouti Contingent Commander 4058:Brig. Gen. Anthony Mukundi Ngere 3599:Brig. Gen. Juvenal Niyoyunguruza 2420: 2393: 2366: 2339: 2312: 2285: 2258: 2231: 2199: 2177: 2150: 2123: 2119:Brig. Gen. Kittila Bulti Tadesse 2098: 2070: 2040: 2013: 1984: 1954: 1895: 1865: 1836: 1807: 1777: 1748: 1719: 1690: 1661: 1631: 1602: 1572: 1542: 1514: 1486: 1457: 1428: 1395: 1334: 1305: 1276: 1247: 1218: 1190: 1162: 1133: 1101: 1069: 1037: 1005: 973: 583:African Union Mission in Burundi 497: 350:African Union Mission in Somalia 332: 318: 250: 237: 224: 211: 198: 177: 164: 151: 138: 125: 68: 63:African Union Mission in Somalia 25: 15915:Somali Civil War (2009–present) 15526:Piracy off the coast of Somalia 14450:October 2022 Mogadishu bombings 14405:November 2021 Mogadishu bombing 14370:December 2019 Mogadishu bombing 14325:December 2018 Mogadishu bombing 14300:February 2018 Mogadishu attacks 14285:February 2017 Mogadishu bombing 14069:November 2017 Somalia airstrike 13964:Battle of Mogadishu (2010–2011) 13701:Somali civil war (2009–present) 13659:Somali Civil War (2009–present) 13562:Transitional Federal Parliament 8446:United Nations Security Council 8409:United Nations Security Council 8002: 7964: 7955: 7946: 7902: 7833: 7807: 7781: 7755: 7746: 7737: 7698: 7654: 7614: 7598:. SomaliaReport. Archived from 7557:. Helion & Co Ltd, England. 7547: 7538: 7512: 7482: 7434: 7413: 7363: 7333: 7324: 7180: 7172:. 12 March 2011. Archived from 7146: 7137: 7119: 7088: 7057: 6989: 6932: 6906: 6720: 6702:United Nations Security Council 6500: 6435:United Nations Security Council 6395: 6364: 6251: 6191: 6163: 6135: 6105: 6062: 6037: 6007: 5981: 5956: 5928: 5903:Abdulle, Sahal (6 March 2007). 5876:United Nations Security Council 5852:United Nations Security Council 5825:United Nations Security Council 5625:Transitional Federal Government 5585:United Nations Security Council 4939:video posted by the insurgents. 4034:Contingent/ Sector 2 Commanders 3746:Brig. Gen. Richard Banyakimbona 3190:35 Bn (Lt. Col. Paul Muhanguzi) 2094:Brig. Gen. Ayub Guantai Matiiri 1568:Maj. Gen. Francis Kimeu Nthenge 1510:Maj. Gen. Salvatore Harushimana 1158:Lt. Gen. Jonathon Kipkemoi Rono 678:United Nations Security Council 512:United Nations Security Council 508:United Nations Security Council 440:Transitional Federal Government 416:Battle of Mogadishu (2010–2011) 405:United Nations Security Council 382:Transitional Federal Government 282:Somali civil war (2009–present) 14604:Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki 14455:Siege of the Villa Rossa Hotel 14360:24 July 2019 Mogadishu bombing 14355:22 July 2019 Mogadishu bombing 14330:Nairobi DusitD2 complex attack 14245:February 2016 Mogadishu attack 14205:Makka al-Mukarama hotel attack 13825:History of Somalia (1991–2006) 13507:Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki 13208:History of Somalia (1991–2006) 11682:. DefenceWeb. 20 November 2012 11189:. 29 July 2011. Archived from 9589:"United States Africa Command" 9202:SoftPower (28 November 2017). 6405:. United Nations. 29 May 2020. 6198:Cocodia, Jude (3 April 2021). 5760:Maruf, Harun (11 April 2023). 5753: 5712: 5680:Cocodia, Jude (3 April 2021). 5673: 5654:Hartwig, Jason (13 May 2019). 5647: 5605:Multinational Joint Task Force 5142:fighters were reported killed. 4820:Casualties and major incidents 4620:Burundi National Defence Force 4398: 4223:February 2019 to February 2020 3213:Included 13 Bn (Maj. Mwesigye) 2539: 2036:Maj. Gen. Osman-Noor Soubagleh 1891:Maj. Gen. William Kitsao Shume 1861:Maj. Gen. Gerbi Kebede Regassa 1686:Maj. Gen. Salvator Harushimana 1657:Maj. Gen. Mohammed Esha Zeyinu 488:Ugandan Peoples Defence Forces 1: 15827:2014 Lesotho political crisis 15784:RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021) 14948:Communal conflicts in Nigeria 14618:Federal Government of Somalia 14529:Death of Noramfaizul Mohd Nor 14235:January 2016 Mogadishu attack 14180:Westgate shopping mall attack 13444:2008 Hargeisa–Bosaso bombings 13429:February 2008 Bosaso bombings 8928:Lubwama, S. (5 August 2016). 8087:no. 23, January – March 2018. 7311:"Kenya agrees to join AMISOM" 6564:"AU wants UN role in Somalia" 6332:Samatar, Abdi Ismail (2007). 6303:10.1080/03071847.2016.1152121 6216:10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 5698:10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 5640: 4595:Uganda People's Defence Force 4549: 4491:Uganda People's Defence Force 4449:and deputy (SRCC) Honourable 4207:Col. Abdourahman Abdi Dhembil 3733:Brig. Gen. Leonidas Niyungeko 3720:Brig. Gen. Victor Nduwumukiza 3059:1,500 but also given as 2,369 1832:Lt. Gen. James Nakibus Lakara 1773:Maj. Gen. Charles Tai Gituai 1243:Lt. Gen. Osman Noor Soubagleh 883:Ugandan troops training, 2012 433: 386:Federal Government of Somalia 15890:Foreign relations of Somalia 15821:SADC intervention in Lesotho 15424:OLA insurgency, 2018–present 15378:Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon) 15135:ECOWAS military intervention 14855:2011–2014 factional violence 14430:August 2022 Mogadishu attack 14425:April 2022 Mogadishu bombing 14395:March 2021 Mogadishu bombing 14310:July 2018 Mogadishu bombings 14305:March 2018 Mogadishu bombing 14225:Jazeera Palace Hotel bombing 12337:(Nairobi), 10 November 2016. 12313:Burke, Jason (9 June 2016). 11057:"Thomson Reuters Foundation" 9793:(Nairobi), 13 November 2016. 9618:ProvidingForPeacekeeping.org 8677:(Kampala), 20 December 2017. 8436:(Nairobi), 12 February 2012. 7924:"Frequently Asked Questions" 7024:10.1371/journal.pone.0028345 4487:Marine Air-Ground Task Force 4233:Col. Abdirahman Riyale Hared 4089:Brig. Gen. Daniel C Bartonjo 3790:. Deployed mid-October 2008. 3627:Brig. Gen. Maurice Gateretse 2173:Brig. Gen. Bob Paciesky Ogik 2066:Brig. Gen. Cyprien Ndikuriyo 1214:Maj. Gen. Mohamedesha Zeyinu 780:In a closed door meeting in 753:Aga Khan University Hospital 7: 15498:Puntland–Somaliland dispute 15354:Insurgency in Northern Chad 14465:2023 Mogadishu hotel attack 14400:June 2021 Mogadishu bombing 14385:2020 Mogadishu hotel attack 14255:June 2016 Mogadishu attacks 14150:May 2010 Mogadishu bombings 13994:Battle of Beledweyne (2011) 13949:Battle of Beledweyne (2010) 13365:Battle of Beledweyne (2008) 13315:Battle of Beledweyne (2006) 13060:. Oxford University Press. 12458:(Nairobi), 28 January 2017. 12363:(Kampala), 1 February 2017. 12350:(Kampala), 18 January 2017. 12292:Yuhas, Alan (1 June 2016). 12230:(Nairobi), 18 January 2016. 12035:. AMISOM. 8 September 2014. 11153:. BBC.co.uk. 5 March 2011. 10112:> accessed 4 March 2022. 10096:>, accessed 5 June 2021. 10046:> accessed 4 March 2022. 9929:>, accessed 5 June 2021. 9831:(Nairobi), 21 January 2017. 9524:AMISOM twitter 30 July 2018 9435:>, accessed 5 June 2021. 9393:>, accessed 5 June 2021. 8289:(Kampala), 20 January 2007. 7664:. Amisom-au.org. 2 May 2012 5578: 4462:Department of Field Support 4369:Brig. Gen. Tamba R. Allieu 4220:Col. Mohamed Ibrahim Moussa 3452:Col. Wilberforce Sserunkuma 3268:Col. Anthony Mbuusi Lukwago 1744:Maj. Gen. Maurice Gateretse 1482:Maj. Gen. Audace Nduwumunsi 1453:Maj. Gen. Maurice Gateretse 1235:Temporarily acting in role 1207:Temporarily acting in role 923:during an AMISOM operation. 680:welcomed the advent of the 443:early as 25 March 2005 the 368:was deposed by troops from 10: 15936: 15920:War in Somalia (2006–2009) 15789:Insurgency in Cabo Delgado 15610:Abyei conflict (2022–2023) 15465:Benishangul-Gumuz conflict 15331:Djotodia period, 2013–2014 15142:Western Togoland Rebellion 14731:War in Somalia (2006–2009) 14544:Daallo Airlines Flight 159 14480:Mogadishu tea shop bombing 14420:March 2022 Somalia attacks 14240:Daallo Airlines Flight 159 14170:June 2013 Mogadishu attack 13929:Battle of Mogadishu (2009) 13872:Battle of Mogadishu (2006) 13360:Battle of Mogadishu (2008) 13139:War in Somalia (2006–2009) 9769:"Burundi: AMISOM Unknowns" 9448:(Kampala), 29 August 2021. 9230:no. 24, April – June 2018. 8850:(Kampala), 26 January 2011 6674:. Reuters. 27 March 2007. 6023:International Crisis Group 5610:Force Intervention Brigade 4946:in the Lower Jubba region. 4832:March 2007 – February 2011 4565:Armed personnel (current) 4536:private security companies 4361:4 July 2013, on promotion 4114:Brig. Gen. Joakim Mwamburi 4029:, Somalia, September 2012. 3751:incumbent, September 2019 3707:Brig. Gen. Venuste Nduwayo 3613:Brig. Gen. Prime Niyongabo 3353:Col. Eriazile Zake Okolong 2785:Brig. Gen. Michael Kabango 2753:Brig. Gen. Kayanja Muhanga 2446: 2146:Brig. Gen. Kabisa Domitien 1538:Maj. Gen. Simon N. Karanja 749:Center for Disease Control 504:Peace and Security Council 401:Peace and Security Council 15841: 15798: 15770: 15761: 15700: 15671: 15626:Second Sudanese Civil War 15618: 15580: 15534: 15490: 15411: 15402: 15370: 15341: 15310: 15270: 15187: 15164: 15155: 15104: 15078: 15052: 15031: 14994: 14940: 14931: 14899: 14870: 14832: 14792: 14783: 14725: 14557: 14534:London Somalia Conference 14521: 14488: 14445:2022 Kismayo hotel attack 14335:Nairobi Latema Road blast 14190:2014 Villa Somalia attack 14127: 13924:Battle of South Mogadishu 13914: 13879:Ethiopian–Somali conflict 13817: 13726: 13707: 13653: 13452: 13434:Al-Hidaya Mosque massacre 13416: 13383: 13297: 13262:Ethiopian–Somali conflict 13200: 13169: 13156:Ethiopian–Somali conflict 13145: 13054:Paul D. Williams (2018). 12927:, 24 September 2018, < 12623:(Bonn), 24 February 2018. 12536:(Nairobi), 10 April 2017. 12256:(Nairobi), 20 March 2016. 12093:. Goobjoog. 20 April 2015 12071:. Goobjoog. 19 April 2015 12049:. Goobjoog. 21 March 2015 11441:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 11233:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 8880:Ooloya 2016, pp. 199–202. 8346:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 6870:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 6752:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4567: 4564: 4561: 4499:Texas Army National Guard 4355:Col. Mamadi Mohamed Keita 3784:. Arrived December 2007. 3531:Col. Jonathan Ojok Ochom 3425:To replace Ugabag XXIII. 3301:7 Bn, 69 Bn and one other 2673:Brig. Gen. Michael Ondoga 1819:incumbent, September 2020 745:World Health Organization 310: 291: 265: 191: 118: 110: 99: 89: 79: 67: 62: 15729:2008 invasion of Anjouan 15326:Civil War (2012–present) 15295:Pool Department conflict 14717:Islamic State in Somalia 14145:2009 Hotel Shamo bombing 14004:Battle of Kismayo (2012) 13944:Battle of Kismayo (2009) 13375:Battle of Kismayo (2008) 13255:2006 Battle of Mogadishu 12523:(Nairobi), 9 April 2017. 12501:(Nairobi), 2 March 2017. 8871:Oloya 2016, pp, 199–200. 8862:Oloya 2016, pp. 186–187. 6796:. BBC. 9 February 2007. 6648:. BBC. 1 February 2007. 6422:21 December 2006 at the 4512:commander Major General 4481:Training for contingents 4447:Boubacar Gaoussou Diarra 4320:Incumbent, February 2022 4317:Col. Abdullahi Muse Omar 4249:Incumbent, February 2022 4102:Brig. Gen. William Shume 3937:(Maj. Zenon Ntisinzira). 3682:Col. Reverien Ndayambaje 3669:Col. Jean Luc Habarugira 3641:Col. Oscar Nzohabonimana 3492:Col. Jimmy Nabiyu Musoke 3009:Lt. Col. Justus Besisira 2946:Col. Tumusiime Katsigazi 2829:Brig. Gen. Keith Katungi 2625:Col. Tumusiime Katsigazi 1762:incumbent, December 2018 1627:Maj. Gen. Nakibus Lakara 1330:Lt. Gen. Diomede Ndegeya 1186:Maj. Gen. Nakibus Lakara 15724:Hanish Islands conflict 15261:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion 15112:Guinea-Bissau Civil War 14954:Herder–farmer conflicts 14878:Western Sahara conflict 14475:2023 Beledweyne bombing 14365:2019 Kenya bus shooting 14195:2014 Hotel Amalo attack 14185:2013 Beledweyne attacks 14140:2009 Beledweyne bombing 14034:Battle of Janale (2015) 13999:Battle of Yurkud (2012) 13969:Battle of Jubbada Hoose 13398:Battle of Bargal (2007) 13350:Battle of Bargal (2007) 12971:, 15 October 2018, < 12213:, 15 January 2016, < 10347:29 October 2013 at the 9540:25 October 2019 at the 9418:16 January 2022 at the 7494:businessdailyafrica.com 7250:Standard Digital News. 6983:5 December 2008 at the 6732:Shabelle Media Networks 6485:Shabelle Media Networks 6461:Security Council Report 6102:Security Council Report 5566: 5544: 5536: 5531: 5359: 5162: 5125: 5091: 4960: 4912: 4331:Sierra Leone contingent 4236:Incumbent, January 2021 4165:Brig. Gen. Jattani Gula 4126:Brig. Gen. Dickson Ruto 3356:November/ December 2017 3325:Replaced Ugabag XVIII. 3164:November/ December 2015 3118:September/ October 2013 3093:Col. Joseph Balikudembe 2928:November/ December 2008 2800:Brig. Gen. Richard Otto 2416:Lt. Col. Richard Omwega 1950:Col. Emmanuel Musinguzi 1803:Maj. Gen. George Owinow 1715:Maj. Gen. Abreha Tesfay 1358:Deputy Force Commanders 15547:Somali–Kenyan conflict 15443:Eritrean–Ethiopian War 15437:Second Afar insurgency 15044:Sierra Leone Civil War 14250:Baidoa suicide bombing 14165:2011 Mogadishu bombing 14119:Battle of Buulo Mareer 14029:Battle of Leego (2015) 14014:Operation Indian Ocean 13502:al-Itihaad al-Islamiya 13439:2008 Mogadishu bombing 12907:, 29 August 2018, < 11668:– via AllAfrica. 11646:– via AllAfrica. 11598:– via AllAfrica. 11045:– via AllAfrica. 10487:IPI Global Observatory 9779:– via AllAfrica. 8934:The Observer (Kampala) 7999:AMISOM twitter account 7718:"AMISOM Facebook Page" 6850:Shabelle Media Network 6497:Shabelle Media Network 6473:Shabelle Media Network 5523:On 14 October a third 4998:Operation Indian Ocean 4632:4 missing, 1 captured 4495:124th Cavalry Regiment 4302:Col. Hassan Jama Farah 4246:Col. Hassan Jama Farah 4178:Djiboutian contingents 4152:Brig. Gen. Jeff Nyagah 4030: 3694:Col. Venant Bibonimana 3433:Col. Sam Kosiya Kutesa 3304:Replaced Ugabag XVII. 3161:October/ November 2014 3121:October/ November 2014 2931:August/ September 2009 2925:Col. Jackson Bakasumba 2769:Brig. Gen. Paul Lokech 2737:Brig. Gen. Sam Okiding 2657:Brig. Gen. Paul Lokech 2456: 2281:Lt. Col. Paddy Ankunda 924: 912: 896: 884: 875:Leadership and command 855: 777: 743:On July 28, 2009, the 626: 561: 540: 526: 483: 15885:Government of Somalia 15806:Bophuthatswana crisis 15470:Oromia–Somali clashes 15389:Boko Haram insurgency 15349:Civil War (2005–2010) 14966:Boko Haram insurgency 14889:Clashes, 2020–present 14633:Mohamed Sheikh Hassan 14623:Hassan Sheikh Mohamud 14260:2016 Galkayo bombings 14155:2010 Kampala bombings 14099:2021 Galmudug clashes 14089:2021 Mogadishu mutiny 13572:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed 13524:Aden Hashi Farah Aero 13393:Battle of Ras Kamboni 13340:Battle of Ras Kamboni 13310:Battle of Bandiradley 11707:11 March 2014 at the 9874:no. 23, 26 June 2018. 8899:The Monitor (Kampala) 8893:D., Kalinaki (2016). 7498:Business Daily Africa 7256:Standard Digital News 5993:The Africa Report.com 5550:On 11 December 2021, 4694:Djibouti Armed Forces 4183:a. Sector 4 Commander 4139:Brig. Gen. Paul Njema 4074:Walter Koipaton Raria 4024: 3981:Ethiopian contingents 3655:Col. Geard Bigirimana 3464:Replacing Ugabag XXV 3406:Replaced Ugabag XXII 3039:7 Bn, 29 Bn and 33 Bn 2895:Lost five personnel? 2814:Brig. Gen. Don Nabasa 2721:Brig. Gen. Sam Kavuma 2688:Brig. Gen. Deus Sande 2454: 2335:Lt. Col. Paul Njuguna 1907:incumbent, March 2021 1390:Juvenal Niyoyunguruza 918: 902: 890: 882: 849: 827:In October 2011, the 775: 728:Deployment to Somalia 624: 555: 535: 524: 481: 103:Central and southern 15778:Mozambican Civil War 15738:Burundian conflicts 15718:Djiboutian Civil War 15431:Insurgency in Ogaden 15059:Liberian Civil Wars 14972:Niger Delta conflict 14645:Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a 14390:2020 Galkayo bombing 14375:2020 Afgooye bombing 14320:Sahafi Hotel attacks 14230:Sahafi Hotel attacks 14200:Central Hotel attack 13984:Operation Linda Nchi 13884:Insurgency in Ogaden 13485:Islamic Courts Union 13408:Dhusamareb airstrike 13267:Insurgency in Ogaden 13104:at Wikimedia Commons 12969:The Long War Journal 12925:The Long War Journal 12905:The Long War Journal 12890:, 24 July 2018, < 12888:The Long War Journal 12855:, 16 July 2018, < 12853:The Long War Journal 12770:The Long War Journal 12753:The Long War Journal 12439:The Long war Journal 11953:on 15 September 2014 11872:on 11 September 2014 11846:on 10 September 2014 9071:on 20 September 2018 8104:on 26 September 2020 7553:Oloya, Opiyo (2016) 7176:on 2 September 2012. 6891:The New Humanitarian 6570:on 26 September 2007 6123:on 26 September 2006 5738:10.51867/ajer.v2i1.5 5620:Islamic Courts Union 5457:During 8 and 9 June 4973:and various weapons. 4766:Ghana Police Service 4743:Nigeria Police Force 4669:Kenya Defence Forces 4582:Missing or captured 4305:Incumbent, July 2016 4025:Brig. Gen. Ngere in 3512:Col. Francis Aragmoi 3374:Col. Jackson Kayanja 3158:Col. Frank Kyambadde 3030:Col. Kayanja Muhanga 2705:Brig. Gen. Dick Olum 2594:Col. Godfrey Golooba 2389:Lt. Col. Wilson Rono 2308:Col. Ali Aden Houmed 2254:Maj. Barigye Ba-Hoku 833:Operation Linda Nchi 829:Kenya Defence Forces 548:Scope of the mission 445:Islamic Courts Union 366:Islamic Courts Union 244:Ras Kamboni Brigades 171:Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a 15817:Lesothan conflicts 15742:1993–2005 Civil War 15460:Afar–Somali clashes 15248:2022–2024 offensive 15243:2012–2013 rebellion 15085:Ivorian Civil Wars 14918:Tunisian revolution 14860:2014–2020 civil war 14840:2008 Kufra conflict 14777:conflicts in Africa 14508:2013 raid on Barawe 14410:2022 Mandera attack 14350:Asasey Hotel attack 14094:2021 Golweyn ambush 14064:2017 Golweyn ambush 13611:Mohamed Warsame Ali 13495:Sharif Sheikh Ahmed 12482:Daily Nation mobile 12272:washingtontimes.com 12007:. 8 September 2014. 11898:on 7 September 2014 11794:on 6 September 2014 11547:on 27 December 2014 11084:. 17 September 2009 10734:"AMISOM – Djibouti" 10489:. 10 September 2015 9647:Oloya 2016, p. 168. 8306:on 3 September 2011 7628:on 19 November 2021 7441:Malkhadir Muhumed. 7288:on 30 November 2011 7221:. 23 February 2012. 7015:2011PLoSO...628345W 6626:on 16 February 2007 6245:"AMISOM background" 6019:Global Policy Forum 5350:On 28 October five 5037:Sexual abuse report 4882:12 May – 11 June – 4870:March–December 2011 4722:0 (formerly 850)* 3570:Burundi contingents 3247:Col. Ronald Bigirwa 3085:Replaced Ugabag 8. 2641:Col. Michael Ondoga 2609:Col. Jack Bakusumba 2545:Ugandan contingents 2227:Capt. Paddy Ankunda 2189:incumbent, May 2021 930:Maman Sambo Sidikou 852:Beletweyne District 814:Godefroid Niyombare 672:On 1 February 2007 647:Michael Ranneberger 598:heavy weapons (see 518:mission to Somalia. 462:UN Security Council 453:Battle of Mogadishu 388:in its war against 358:Multinational force 184:Raskamboni movement 100:Active regions 15864:Colour revolutions 15662:Sudanese civil war 15514:2009–present phase 15255:Batwa–Luba clashes 15124:Casamance conflict 15001:Tuareg rebellions 14961:Religious violence 14907:Algerian Civil War 14823:Terrorism in Egypt 14599:Hassan Dahir Aweys 14513:2017 raid on Barii 14280:Dayah Hotel attack 14114:Battle of Runirgod 14054:2017 raid on Barii 14049:Battle of Kulbiyow 13592:Mohamud Muse Hersi 13567:Ali Mohammed Ghedi 13548:Mohamed Omar Habeb 13490:Hassan Dahir Aweys 11979:. 26 December 2014 11317:on 7 December 2013 11287:. 25 November 2011 11285:The New York Times 11193:on 24 January 2013 11005:"Opération-AMISOM" 10959:. 22 December 2014 10904:on 1 February 2015 10874:on 1 February 2015 10844:on 1 February 2015 10664:on 1 February 2015 10640:2014-04-13 at the 10612:on 1 February 2015 10454:on 1 February 2015 10264:2015-02-08 at the 10133:on 1 February 2015 9848:. 14 February 2017 8772:. 18 December 2021 8694:. 21 December 2018 8655:. 26 November 2016 8525:Oloya 2016, p. 101 8516:Oloya 2016, p. 73. 8183:Oloya 2016, p. 76. 8130:. 24 February 2019 7934:on 1 February 2015 7876:. 18 December 2021 7351:on 2 December 2013 7282:"JOINT COMMUNIQUE" 6965:5 May 2009 at the 6894:. 19 February 2007 6049:2006-09-18 at the 5731:(1&2): 41–55. 5068:and AMISOM donors 5054:Human Rights Watch 5046:Human Rights Watch 5042:Human Rights Watch 4445:(SRCC) Ambassador 4428:several offensives 4031: 4017:Kenyan contingents 3414:Col. Topher Magino 3217:Board of Inquiry. 3115:Col. Emmy Mulindwa 2457: 2442:Force organisation 2362:Lt. Col. Joe Kibet 1980:Col. Innocent Oula 925: 913: 897: 885: 856: 778: 751:, AMISOM, and the 627: 562: 527: 502:The African Union 484: 81:Dates of operation 15872: 15871: 15837: 15836: 15757: 15756: 15708:Rwandan Civil War 15656:Blue Nile clashes 15638:Nomadic conflicts 15594:Nomadic conflicts 15398: 15397: 15237:March 23 Movement 15172:Angolan Civil War 15151: 15150: 14927: 14926: 14739: 14738: 14549:Awdiinle massacre 14498:2009 Baraawe raid 14160:Muna Hotel attack 14084:Camp Simba attack 14059:Battle of Af Urur 14039:Battle of El Adde 13989:Battle of Deynile 13667: 13666: 13325:Fall of Mogadishu 13100:Media related to 13067:978-0-19-872454-4 11924:on 8 October 2014 11820:on 27 August 2014 10740:. 12 January 2019 9946:. 23 January 2014 9808:IWACU-Burundi.org 9771:. 8 November 2016 9748:IWACU-Burundi.org 9371:on 18 August 2019 9345:on 18 August 2019 9281:on 18 August 2019 8746:. 15 January 2021 8720:. 7 February 2020 8495:. 26 January 2017 8215:. 1 December 2017 7978:. 29 October 2016 7821:. 31 January 2019 7795:. 31 January 2018 7570:Kabengwa, James. 7519:Kodjo, Tchioffo. 6514:. 26 January 2007 6271:978-1-351-59757-9 6179:. 7 December 2006 6176:Los Angeles Times 6025:. 9 February 2005 5803:on 28 August 2007 5066:Somali government 4797: 4796: 4451:Wafula Wamunyinyi 4379: 4378: 4328: 4327: 4286:Col. Osman Doubad 4256: 4255: 4175: 4174: 4014: 4013: 3769: 3768: 3567: 3566: 3472:Col. Edward Kaddu 3250:March/ April 2016 3180:Col. Silvio Aguma 2881:Col. Peter Elwelu 2844:b. Battle groups 2841: 2840: 2708:25 September 2013 2694:25 September 2013 2691:23 September 2013 2679:23 September 2013 2586:With Col. Kyazze 2577:Col. Peter Elwelu 2439: 2438: 2197: 2196: 1917: 1916: 1675:30 September 2016 1355: 1354: 799:On 23 July 2010, 734:Mogadishu airport 634:(AU) outside the 617:Gathering support 346: 345: 328:Succeeded by 58: 57: 15927: 15905:2010s in Somalia 15900:2000s in Somalia 15812:Caprivi conflict 15768: 15767: 15747:2015–2018 unrest 15553:Likoni massacres 15542:Ethnic conflicts 15504:Somali Civil War 15409: 15408: 15207:Second Congo War 15162: 15161: 14938: 14937: 14817:Post-coup unrest 14811:Sinai insurgency 14790: 14789: 14766: 14759: 14752: 14743: 14742: 14729:Previous phase: 14715: 14714: 14713: 14702: 14700: 14699: 14675: 14673: 14672: 14662:Abdi Hasan Awale 14655: 14654: 14643: 14642: 14616: 14615: 14592: 14591: 14590: 14109:Battle of Bal'ad 14044:Qandala campaign 14019:Galgala campaign 13954:2010 Ayn clashes 13840:Somali Civil War 13713:Somali Civil War 13694: 13687: 13680: 13671: 13670: 13624: 13622: 13621: 13604: 13603: 13585: 13583: 13582: 13560: 13559: 13543:Abdi Hasan Awale 13536: 13535: 13466: 13464: 13463: 13403:Dobley airstrike 13320:Battle of Jowhar 13305:Battle of Baidoa 13223:Somali Civil War 13151:Somali Civil War 13132: 13125: 13118: 13109: 13108: 13099: 13092: 13087: 13086: 13084:Official website 13071: 13041: 13040: 13038: 13036: 13021: 13015: 13014: 13012: 13010: 12996: 12990: 12989: 12982: 12976: 12965: 12959: 12956: 12950: 12947: 12941: 12938: 12932: 12921: 12912: 12901: 12895: 12884: 12878: 12875: 12869: 12866: 12860: 12849: 12840: 12837: 12831: 12828: 12822: 12819: 12813: 12810: 12804: 12801: 12795: 12792: 12786: 12783: 12777: 12766: 12760: 12749: 12743: 12740: 12729: 12726: 12717: 12714: 12705: 12702: 12696: 12693: 12687: 12680: 12671: 12670: 12668: 12666: 12651: 12645: 12642: 12633: 12630: 12624: 12617: 12611: 12608: 12602: 12596: 12590: 12587: 12581: 12578: 12572: 12569: 12563: 12552: 12546: 12543: 12537: 12530: 12524: 12517: 12511: 12508: 12502: 12495: 12489: 12478: 12472: 12465: 12459: 12452: 12446: 12435: 12364: 12357: 12351: 12344: 12338: 12331: 12325: 12324: 12310: 12304: 12303: 12289: 12283: 12282: 12280: 12278: 12263: 12257: 12250: 12244: 12237: 12231: 12228:The East African 12224: 12218: 12207: 12201: 12200: 12198: 12196: 12191:. September 2015 12181: 12175: 12174: 12172: 12170: 12160: 12154: 12153: 12151: 12149: 12144:. September 2015 12134: 12128: 12127: 12125: 12123: 12109: 12103: 12102: 12100: 12098: 12087: 12081: 12080: 12078: 12076: 12065: 12059: 12058: 12056: 12054: 12043: 12037: 12036: 12029: 12023: 12022: 12015: 12009: 12008: 11995: 11989: 11988: 11986: 11984: 11969: 11963: 11962: 11960: 11958: 11943: 11934: 11933: 11931: 11929: 11914: 11908: 11907: 11905: 11903: 11888: 11882: 11881: 11879: 11877: 11862: 11856: 11855: 11853: 11851: 11836: 11830: 11829: 11827: 11825: 11810: 11804: 11803: 11801: 11799: 11784: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11773: 11759: 11753: 11752: 11750: 11748: 11738: 11732: 11731: 11729: 11727: 11717: 11711: 11698: 11692: 11691: 11689: 11687: 11676: 11670: 11669: 11667: 11665: 11654: 11648: 11647: 11645: 11643: 11632: 11626: 11625: 11623: 11621: 11606: 11600: 11599: 11597: 11595: 11584: 11578: 11577: 11575: 11573: 11563: 11557: 11556: 11554: 11552: 11537: 11531: 11530: 11528: 11526: 11511: 11505: 11504: 11502: 11500: 11485: 11479: 11478: 11476: 11474: 11463: 11457: 11453: 11447: 11446: 11440: 11432: 11430: 11428: 11417: 11411: 11410: 11408: 11406: 11395: 11389: 11385: 11379: 11378: 11376: 11374: 11365:. Archived from 11359: 11353: 11352: 11350: 11348: 11333: 11327: 11326: 11324: 11322: 11313:. Archived from 11303: 11297: 11296: 11294: 11292: 11277: 11271: 11270: 11268: 11266: 11255: 11249: 11245: 11239: 11238: 11232: 11224: 11222: 11220: 11209: 11203: 11202: 11200: 11198: 11183: 11177: 11173: 11167: 11166: 11164: 11162: 11147: 11141: 11140: 11138: 11136: 11121: 11115: 11114: 11103: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11089: 11074: 11068: 11067: 11065: 11063: 11053: 11047: 11046: 11044: 11042: 11031: 11025: 11024: 11022: 11020: 11011:. Archived from 11001: 10995: 10994: 10992: 10990: 10975: 10969: 10968: 10966: 10964: 10949: 10940: 10939: 10937: 10935: 10920: 10914: 10913: 10911: 10909: 10900:. Archived from 10890: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10879: 10870:. Archived from 10860: 10854: 10853: 10851: 10849: 10840:. Archived from 10830: 10824: 10817: 10806: 10800: 10791: 10785: 10776: 10775: 10773: 10771: 10756: 10750: 10749: 10747: 10745: 10730: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10719: 10713: 10705: 10699: 10698: 10696: 10694: 10680: 10674: 10673: 10671: 10669: 10660:. Archived from 10650: 10644: 10631: 10622: 10621: 10619: 10617: 10608:. Archived from 10598: 10592: 10587: 10578: 10577: 10575: 10573: 10559: 10550: 10549: 10547: 10545: 10531: 10525: 10524: 10522: 10520: 10505: 10499: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10479: 10464: 10463: 10461: 10459: 10450:. Archived from 10440: 10434: 10427: 10421: 10420: 10418: 10416: 10411:. 20 August 2011 10409:The East African 10401: 10395: 10392: 10386: 10376: 10370: 10369: 10358: 10352: 10338: 10332: 10327: 10318: 10315: 10309: 10302: 10296: 10293: 10287: 10284: 10278: 10275: 10269: 10255: 10249: 10246: 10240: 10233: 10227: 10220: 10214: 10211: 10205: 10198: 10192: 10185: 10179: 10176: 10170: 10167: 10161: 10158: 10152: 10149: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10138: 10129:. Archived from 10119: 10113: 10106: 10097: 10090: 10084: 10077: 10071: 10065: 10059: 10056: 10047: 10040: 10034: 10028: 10019: 10008: 10002: 9999: 9993: 9992: 9990: 9988: 9974: 9965: 9962: 9956: 9955: 9953: 9951: 9936: 9930: 9923: 9914: 9907: 9901: 9900: 9898: 9896: 9881: 9875: 9869: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9838: 9832: 9825: 9819: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9800: 9794: 9787: 9781: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9765: 9759: 9758: 9756: 9754: 9740: 9734: 9727: 9718: 9711: 9702: 9695: 9689: 9682: 9676: 9669: 9660: 9657: 9648: 9645: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9625: 9610: 9604: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9585: 9579: 9575: 9566: 9563: 9557: 9550: 9544: 9531: 9525: 9522: 9513: 9511: 9509: 9507: 9498:. Archived from 9491: 9485: 9482: 9476: 9473: 9467: 9464: 9458: 9455: 9449: 9442: 9436: 9429: 9423: 9409: 9403: 9400: 9394: 9387: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9376: 9361: 9355: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9335: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9324: 9309: 9300: 9297: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9286: 9271: 9265: 9262: 9256: 9255: 9253: 9251: 9237: 9231: 9225: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9199: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9179:. Archived from 9173: 9167: 9164: 9158: 9157: 9155: 9153: 9138: 9132: 9129: 9120: 9113: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9102: 9087: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9057: 9051: 9050: 9048: 9046: 9031: 9025: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9005: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8979: 8970: 8969: 8967: 8965: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8940: 8925: 8919: 8916: 8910: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8890: 8881: 8878: 8872: 8869: 8863: 8860: 8851: 8845: 8839: 8833: 8827: 8821: 8815: 8812: 8806: 8803: 8794: 8788: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8762: 8756: 8755: 8753: 8751: 8736: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8725: 8710: 8704: 8703: 8701: 8699: 8684: 8678: 8671: 8665: 8664: 8662: 8660: 8645: 8636: 8635: 8633: 8631: 8626:. 3 January 2017 8616: 8607: 8604: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8593: 8579: 8570: 8567: 8561: 8558: 8552: 8550: 8545: 8539: 8537: 8532: 8526: 8523: 8517: 8514: 8505: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8485: 8479: 8476: 8470: 8467: 8461: 8458:S/RES/2124(2013) 8443: 8437: 8430: 8424: 8421:S/RES/2036(2012) 8406: 8400: 8399: 8397: 8395: 8380: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8358: 8352: 8351: 8345: 8337: 8335: 8333: 8322: 8316: 8315: 8313: 8311: 8296: 8290: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8272: 8257: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8246: 8231: 8225: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8205: 8196: 8193: 8184: 8181: 8175: 8174: 8172: 8170: 8155: 8149: 8146: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8120: 8114: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8094: 8088: 8082: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8056: 8047: 8044: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8028:. 1 October 2016 8018: 8009: 8006: 8000: 7997: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7983: 7968: 7962: 7959: 7953: 7950: 7944: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7930:. Archived from 7920: 7909: 7906: 7900: 7897: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7866: 7857: 7856: 7854: 7852: 7837: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7811: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7785: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7759: 7753: 7750: 7744: 7741: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7714: 7705: 7702: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7680: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7658: 7652: 7651: 7645: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7624:. Archived from 7618: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7602:on 15 April 2012 7592: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7578: 7567: 7558: 7551: 7545: 7542: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7516: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7486: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7460: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7438: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7427: 7417: 7411: 7410: 7408: 7406: 7392: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7367: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7356: 7347:. Archived from 7337: 7331: 7328: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7307: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7278: 7272: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7262:on 14 March 2012 7258:. Archived from 7247: 7241: 7240: 7229: 7223: 7222: 7215: 7209: 7208: 7207:on 3 April 2015. 7193: 7187: 7184: 7178: 7177: 7162: 7153: 7150: 7144: 7141: 7135: 7134: 7123: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7092: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7081: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7044: 7026: 6993: 6987: 6975: 6969: 6957: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6936: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6910: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6869: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6842: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6820:"Off to Somalia" 6816: 6810: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6790: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6764: 6758: 6757: 6751: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6642: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6631: 6616: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6586: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6560: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6504: 6498: 6492: 6486: 6480: 6474: 6468: 6462: 6456: 6450: 6447:S/RES/1725(2006) 6432: 6426: 6413: 6407: 6406: 6399: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6377: 6371: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6344:(111): 155–165. 6329: 6323: 6322: 6291:The RUSI Journal 6282: 6276: 6275: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6241: 6232: 6231: 6204:African Security 6195: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6147: 6139: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6128: 6119:. Archived from 6117:www.Alertnet.org 6109: 6103: 6097: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6083: 6066: 6060: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6011: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5942:Voice of America 5932: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5900: 5891: 5888:S/RES/1801(2008) 5873: 5867: 5864:S/RES/1772(2007) 5849: 5840: 5837:S/RES/1744(2007) 5822: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5793: 5782: 5781: 5776: 5774: 5767:Voice of America 5757: 5751: 5750: 5740: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5686:African Security 5677: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5660:War on the Rocks 5651: 5630:Somali Civil War 5505:On 21 September 5498:On 11 September 5052:military bases. 4929:Daynile District 4764: 4763: 4741: 4740: 4716: 4715: 4692: 4691: 4667: 4666: 4654:2+ (supposedly) 4643: 4642: 4618: 4617: 4593: 4592: 4559: 4558: 4510:U.S. Army Africa 4335: 4334: 4263: 4262: 4187: 4186: 4038: 4037: 3985: 3984: 3579: 3578: 3312:Col. Chris Ogwal 2852: 2851: 2788:21 December 2018 2775:21 December 2018 2772:19 December 2017 2759:19 December 2017 2740:30 November 2015 2727:29 November 2015 2554: 2553: 2426: 2424: 2423: 2399: 2397: 2396: 2372: 2370: 2369: 2345: 2343: 2342: 2318: 2316: 2315: 2291: 2289: 2288: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2237: 2235: 2234: 2204: 2203: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2156: 2154: 2153: 2129: 2127: 2126: 2104: 2102: 2101: 2076: 2074: 2073: 2046: 2044: 2043: 2019: 2017: 2016: 1990: 1988: 1987: 1960: 1958: 1957: 1924: 1923: 1901: 1899: 1898: 1871: 1869: 1868: 1842: 1840: 1839: 1813: 1811: 1810: 1783: 1781: 1780: 1754: 1752: 1751: 1725: 1723: 1722: 1696: 1694: 1693: 1667: 1665: 1664: 1637: 1635: 1634: 1614:27 November 2013 1608: 1606: 1605: 1584:27 November 2013 1578: 1576: 1575: 1548: 1546: 1545: 1520: 1518: 1517: 1492: 1490: 1489: 1463: 1461: 1460: 1434: 1432: 1431: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1362: 1361: 1340: 1338: 1337: 1311: 1309: 1308: 1282: 1280: 1279: 1253: 1251: 1250: 1224: 1222: 1221: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1177:23 December 2015 1168: 1166: 1165: 1148:15 December 2014 1145:16 December 2013 1139: 1137: 1136: 1128:Silas Ntigurirwa 1116:16 December 2013 1107: 1105: 1104: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1064:Fredrick Mugisha 1043: 1041: 1040: 1011: 1009: 1008: 985:14 February 2007 979: 977: 976: 940: 939: 936:Force Commanders 600:Battle of Baidoa 543:Mission planning 438:During 2005 the 337: 336: 335: 323: 322: 321: 314:Preceded by 306: 301: 298: 272:Somali Civil War 266:Battles and wars 255: 254: 253: 242: 241: 240: 229: 228: 227: 216: 215: 214: 203: 202: 201: 182: 181: 180: 169: 168: 167: 156: 155: 143: 142: 130: 129: 82: 72: 60: 59: 53: 50: 44: 37:factual accuracy 29: 28: 21: 15935: 15934: 15930: 15929: 15928: 15926: 15925: 15924: 15875: 15874: 15873: 15868: 15833: 15794: 15763:Southern Africa 15753: 15696: 15667: 15614: 15599:Ethnic violence 15576: 15571:Baragoi clashes 15530: 15486: 15394: 15366: 15356:(2016–present) 15337: 15312: 15311:Central African 15306: 15272: 15266: 15195:First Congo War 15183: 15147: 15100: 15074: 15048: 15039:Ndogboyosoi War 15027: 14990: 14974:(2003–present) 14950:(1998–present) 14923: 14895: 14880:(1970–present) 14866: 14828: 14806:2011 revolution 14800:Egyptian Crisis 14779: 14770: 14740: 14735: 14721: 14711: 14709: 14697: 14695: 14670: 14668: 14649: 14637: 14610: 14588: 14586: 14553: 14517: 14484: 14123: 14024:Battle of Baure 13979:Battle of Elwaq 13939:Battle of Wabho 13916: 13910: 13830:Greater Somalia 13813: 13722: 13703: 13698: 13668: 13663: 13649: 13643:Yoweri Museveni 13619: 13617: 13598: 13580: 13578: 13554: 13530: 13461: 13459: 13448: 13412: 13379: 13370:Siege of Baidoa 13335:Fall of Kismayo 13330:Battle of Jilib 13293: 13213:Greater Somalia 13196: 13165: 13141: 13136: 13082: 13081: 13078: 13068: 13050: 13048:Further reading 13045: 13044: 13034: 13032: 13023: 13022: 13018: 13008: 13006: 12998: 12997: 12993: 12984: 12983: 12979: 12966: 12962: 12957: 12953: 12948: 12944: 12939: 12935: 12922: 12915: 12902: 12898: 12885: 12881: 12876: 12872: 12867: 12863: 12850: 12843: 12838: 12834: 12829: 12825: 12820: 12816: 12811: 12807: 12802: 12798: 12793: 12789: 12784: 12780: 12767: 12763: 12750: 12746: 12741: 12732: 12727: 12720: 12715: 12708: 12703: 12699: 12694: 12690: 12681: 12674: 12664: 12662: 12653: 12652: 12648: 12643: 12636: 12631: 12627: 12618: 12614: 12609: 12605: 12597: 12593: 12588: 12584: 12579: 12575: 12570: 12566: 12553: 12549: 12544: 12540: 12531: 12527: 12518: 12514: 12509: 12505: 12496: 12492: 12479: 12475: 12466: 12462: 12453: 12449: 12436: 12367: 12358: 12354: 12345: 12341: 12332: 12328: 12320:TheGuardian.com 12311: 12307: 12299:TheGuardian.com 12290: 12286: 12276: 12274: 12264: 12260: 12251: 12247: 12238: 12234: 12225: 12221: 12208: 12204: 12194: 12192: 12183: 12182: 12178: 12168: 12166: 12162: 12161: 12157: 12147: 12145: 12136: 12135: 12131: 12121: 12119: 12111: 12110: 12106: 12096: 12094: 12089: 12088: 12084: 12074: 12072: 12067: 12066: 12062: 12052: 12050: 12045: 12044: 12040: 12031: 12030: 12026: 12017: 12016: 12012: 12004:TheGuardian.com 11997: 11996: 11992: 11982: 11980: 11971: 11970: 11966: 11956: 11954: 11945: 11944: 11937: 11927: 11925: 11916: 11915: 11911: 11901: 11899: 11890: 11889: 11885: 11875: 11873: 11864: 11863: 11859: 11849: 11847: 11838: 11837: 11833: 11823: 11821: 11812: 11811: 11807: 11797: 11795: 11786: 11785: 11781: 11771: 11769: 11761: 11760: 11756: 11746: 11744: 11740: 11739: 11735: 11725: 11723: 11719: 11718: 11714: 11709:Wayback Machine 11700:Garowe Online: 11699: 11695: 11685: 11683: 11678: 11677: 11673: 11663: 11661: 11655: 11651: 11641: 11639: 11633: 11629: 11619: 11617: 11616:on 3 April 2015 11608: 11607: 11603: 11593: 11591: 11585: 11581: 11571: 11569: 11565: 11564: 11560: 11550: 11548: 11539: 11538: 11534: 11524: 11522: 11521:on 3 April 2015 11513: 11512: 11508: 11498: 11496: 11495:on 3 April 2015 11487: 11486: 11482: 11472: 11470: 11465: 11464: 11460: 11454: 11450: 11434: 11433: 11426: 11424: 11419: 11418: 11414: 11404: 11402: 11397: 11396: 11392: 11386: 11382: 11372: 11370: 11369:on 14 June 2012 11361: 11360: 11356: 11346: 11344: 11343:on 14 July 2012 11335: 11334: 11330: 11320: 11318: 11305: 11304: 11300: 11290: 11288: 11279: 11278: 11274: 11264: 11262: 11257: 11256: 11252: 11246: 11242: 11226: 11225: 11218: 11216: 11211: 11210: 11206: 11196: 11194: 11185: 11184: 11180: 11174: 11170: 11160: 11158: 11149: 11148: 11144: 11134: 11132: 11123: 11122: 11118: 11113:. 4 March 2011. 11105: 11104: 11097: 11087: 11085: 11076: 11075: 11071: 11061: 11059: 11055: 11054: 11050: 11040: 11038: 11033: 11032: 11028: 11018: 11016: 11015:on 30 July 2017 11003: 11002: 10998: 10988: 10986: 10985:. 12 March 2015 10977: 10976: 10972: 10962: 10960: 10951: 10950: 10943: 10933: 10931: 10921: 10917: 10907: 10905: 10892: 10891: 10887: 10877: 10875: 10862: 10861: 10857: 10847: 10845: 10832: 10831: 10827: 10818: 10809: 10801: 10794: 10786: 10779: 10769: 10767: 10757: 10753: 10743: 10741: 10732: 10731: 10727: 10717: 10715: 10711: 10707: 10706: 10702: 10692: 10690: 10682: 10681: 10677: 10667: 10665: 10652: 10651: 10647: 10642:Wayback Machine 10632: 10625: 10615: 10613: 10600: 10599: 10595: 10588: 10581: 10571: 10569: 10561: 10560: 10553: 10543: 10541: 10533: 10532: 10528: 10518: 10516: 10506: 10502: 10492: 10490: 10481: 10480: 10467: 10457: 10455: 10442: 10441: 10437: 10429:Khadija Patel, 10428: 10424: 10414: 10412: 10403: 10402: 10398: 10393: 10389: 10383:Awareness Times 10377: 10373: 10360: 10359: 10355: 10349:Wayback Machine 10339: 10335: 10328: 10321: 10316: 10312: 10303: 10299: 10294: 10290: 10285: 10281: 10276: 10272: 10266:Wayback Machine 10256: 10252: 10247: 10243: 10234: 10230: 10221: 10217: 10212: 10208: 10199: 10195: 10186: 10182: 10177: 10173: 10168: 10164: 10159: 10155: 10150: 10146: 10136: 10134: 10121: 10120: 10116: 10107: 10100: 10091: 10087: 10078: 10074: 10066: 10062: 10057: 10050: 10041: 10037: 10029: 10022: 10009: 10005: 10000: 9996: 9986: 9984: 9976: 9975: 9968: 9963: 9959: 9949: 9947: 9938: 9937: 9933: 9924: 9917: 9908: 9904: 9894: 9892: 9883: 9882: 9878: 9872:AMISOM Magazine 9870: 9861: 9851: 9849: 9840: 9839: 9835: 9826: 9822: 9812: 9810: 9802: 9801: 9797: 9788: 9784: 9774: 9772: 9767: 9766: 9762: 9752: 9750: 9742: 9741: 9737: 9728: 9721: 9712: 9705: 9696: 9692: 9683: 9679: 9670: 9663: 9658: 9651: 9646: 9633: 9623: 9621: 9612: 9611: 9607: 9597: 9595: 9593:www.Africom.mil 9587: 9586: 9582: 9576: 9569: 9564: 9560: 9551: 9547: 9542:Wayback Machine 9532: 9528: 9523: 9516: 9505: 9503: 9502:on 15 July 2016 9494: 9492: 9488: 9483: 9479: 9474: 9470: 9465: 9461: 9456: 9452: 9443: 9439: 9430: 9426: 9420:Wayback Machine 9410: 9406: 9401: 9397: 9388: 9384: 9374: 9372: 9363: 9362: 9358: 9348: 9346: 9337: 9336: 9332: 9322: 9320: 9311: 9310: 9303: 9298: 9294: 9284: 9282: 9273: 9272: 9268: 9263: 9259: 9249: 9247: 9239: 9238: 9234: 9226: 9222: 9212: 9210: 9200: 9196: 9186: 9184: 9183:on 6 March 2019 9175: 9174: 9170: 9165: 9161: 9151: 9149: 9140: 9139: 9135: 9130: 9123: 9114: 9110: 9100: 9098: 9097:. 17 April 2018 9089: 9088: 9084: 9074: 9072: 9059: 9058: 9054: 9044: 9042: 9033: 9032: 9028: 9018: 9016: 9007: 9006: 9002: 8992: 8990: 8981: 8980: 8973: 8963: 8961: 8959:www.youtube.com 8953: 8952: 8948: 8938: 8936: 8926: 8922: 8917: 8913: 8903: 8901: 8891: 8884: 8879: 8875: 8870: 8866: 8861: 8854: 8846: 8842: 8834: 8830: 8822: 8818: 8813: 8809: 8804: 8797: 8789: 8785: 8775: 8773: 8764: 8763: 8759: 8749: 8747: 8738: 8737: 8733: 8723: 8721: 8712: 8711: 8707: 8697: 8695: 8686: 8685: 8681: 8672: 8668: 8658: 8656: 8647: 8646: 8639: 8629: 8627: 8618: 8617: 8610: 8605: 8601: 8591: 8589: 8581: 8580: 8573: 8568: 8564: 8559: 8555: 8548: 8546: 8542: 8535: 8533: 8529: 8524: 8520: 8515: 8508: 8498: 8496: 8487: 8486: 8482: 8477: 8473: 8468: 8464: 8444: 8440: 8431: 8427: 8407: 8403: 8393: 8391: 8382: 8381: 8377: 8367: 8365: 8360: 8359: 8355: 8339: 8338: 8331: 8329: 8324: 8323: 8319: 8309: 8307: 8298: 8297: 8293: 8284: 8280: 8270: 8268: 8259: 8258: 8254: 8244: 8242: 8233: 8232: 8228: 8218: 8216: 8207: 8206: 8199: 8194: 8187: 8182: 8178: 8168: 8166: 8165:. 26 March 2021 8157: 8156: 8152: 8147: 8143: 8133: 8131: 8122: 8121: 8117: 8107: 8105: 8096: 8095: 8091: 8083: 8079: 8069: 8067: 8058: 8057: 8050: 8045: 8041: 8031: 8029: 8020: 8019: 8012: 8007: 8003: 7998: 7991: 7981: 7979: 7970: 7969: 7965: 7960: 7956: 7951: 7947: 7937: 7935: 7922: 7921: 7912: 7907: 7903: 7898: 7889: 7879: 7877: 7868: 7867: 7860: 7850: 7848: 7847:. 2 August 2020 7839: 7838: 7834: 7824: 7822: 7813: 7812: 7808: 7798: 7796: 7787: 7786: 7782: 7772: 7770: 7761: 7760: 7756: 7751: 7747: 7742: 7738: 7728: 7726: 7716: 7715: 7708: 7703: 7699: 7689: 7687: 7682: 7681: 7677: 7667: 7665: 7660: 7659: 7655: 7639: 7638: 7631: 7629: 7622:"Archived copy" 7620: 7619: 7615: 7605: 7603: 7594: 7593: 7586: 7576: 7574: 7568: 7561: 7552: 7548: 7543: 7539: 7529: 7527: 7517: 7513: 7503: 7501: 7488: 7487: 7483: 7473: 7471: 7461: 7457: 7447: 7445: 7439: 7435: 7425: 7423: 7419: 7418: 7414: 7404: 7402: 7394: 7393: 7386: 7376: 7374: 7368: 7364: 7354: 7352: 7345:dalsanradio.com 7339: 7338: 7334: 7329: 7325: 7315: 7313: 7309: 7308: 7301: 7291: 7289: 7280: 7279: 7275: 7265: 7263: 7248: 7244: 7237:Chicago Tribune 7231: 7230: 7226: 7217: 7216: 7212: 7195: 7194: 7190: 7185: 7181: 7164: 7163: 7156: 7151: 7147: 7142: 7138: 7133:. 23 July 2010. 7125: 7124: 7120: 7110: 7108: 7093: 7089: 7079: 7077: 7062: 7058: 6994: 6990: 6985:Wayback Machine 6976: 6972: 6967:Wayback Machine 6958: 6954: 6944: 6942: 6938: 6937: 6933: 6923: 6921: 6920:. 7 August 2007 6912: 6911: 6907: 6897: 6895: 6884: 6883: 6879: 6863: 6862: 6855: 6853: 6844: 6843: 6839: 6829: 6827: 6818: 6817: 6813: 6803: 6801: 6792: 6791: 6787: 6777: 6775: 6766: 6765: 6761: 6745: 6744: 6737: 6735: 6726: 6725: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6696: 6695: 6691: 6681: 6679: 6670: 6669: 6665: 6655: 6653: 6644: 6643: 6639: 6629: 6627: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6603: 6601: 6588: 6587: 6583: 6573: 6571: 6562: 6561: 6557: 6547: 6545: 6544:on 1 April 2007 6532: 6531: 6527: 6517: 6515: 6506: 6505: 6501: 6493: 6489: 6481: 6477: 6469: 6465: 6457: 6453: 6433: 6429: 6424:Wayback Machine 6414: 6410: 6401: 6400: 6396: 6386: 6384: 6379: 6378: 6374: 6369: 6365: 6330: 6326: 6283: 6279: 6272: 6256: 6252: 6243: 6242: 6235: 6196: 6192: 6182: 6180: 6169: 6168: 6164: 6154: 6152: 6145: 6141: 6140: 6136: 6126: 6124: 6111: 6110: 6106: 6098: 6091: 6081: 6079: 6078:. 25 March 2005 6068: 6067: 6063: 6059:, 16 March 2005 6051:Wayback Machine 6042: 6038: 6028: 6026: 6013: 6012: 6008: 5998: 5996: 5987: 5986: 5982: 5972: 5970: 5962: 5961: 5957: 5947: 5945: 5933: 5929: 5919: 5917: 5901: 5894: 5874: 5870: 5850: 5843: 5823: 5816: 5806: 5804: 5795: 5794: 5785: 5772: 5770: 5758: 5754: 5717: 5713: 5678: 5674: 5664: 5662: 5652: 5648: 5643: 5581: 5569: 5560:Middle Shabelle 5547: 5539: 5534: 5362: 5168:During January 5165: 5128: 5094: 5039: 5028:reinforcements. 4963: 4915: 4872: 4834: 4822: 4758: 4735: 4710: 4686: 4661: 4637: 4612: 4587: 4557: 4552: 4527:The EastAfrican 4483: 4401: 4333: 4180: 4019: 3983: 3572: 3020:Two battalions? 2977:Two battalions? 2957:Two battalions? 2914:Two battalions? 2697:Acting in role 2547: 2542: 2449: 2444: 2421: 2419: 2394: 2392: 2367: 2365: 2340: 2338: 2313: 2311: 2286: 2284: 2259: 2257: 2232: 2230: 2202: 2178: 2176: 2151: 2149: 2124: 2122: 2099: 2097: 2071: 2069: 2041: 2039: 2014: 2012: 2009:Col. Simon Ocha 1985: 1983: 1955: 1953: 1922: 1920:Chiefs of Staff 1896: 1894: 1866: 1864: 1837: 1835: 1808: 1806: 1778: 1776: 1749: 1747: 1720: 1718: 1691: 1689: 1662: 1660: 1632: 1630: 1603: 1601: 1573: 1571: 1543: 1541: 1515: 1513: 1487: 1485: 1458: 1456: 1429: 1427: 1396: 1394: 1360: 1335: 1333: 1317:31 January 2019 1306: 1304: 1291:31 January 2019 1288:31 January 2018 1277: 1275: 1262:31 January 2018 1248: 1246: 1219: 1217: 1191: 1189: 1163: 1161: 1134: 1132: 1102: 1100: 1070: 1068: 1038: 1036: 1006: 1004: 974: 972: 938: 877: 770: 730: 619: 591: 550: 545: 500: 464:had imposed an 436: 342: 341: 333: 331: 330: 325: 319: 317: 316: 295: 251: 249: 238: 236: 225: 223: 212: 210: 199: 197: 178: 176: 165: 163: 150: 137: 124: 80: 75: 54: 48: 45: 42: 34:This article's 30: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 15933: 15923: 15922: 15917: 15912: 15907: 15902: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15870: 15869: 15867: 15866: 15861: 15856: 15851: 15845: 15843: 15842:Related topics 15839: 15838: 15835: 15834: 15832: 15831: 15830: 15829: 15824: 15815: 15809: 15802: 15800: 15796: 15795: 15793: 15792: 15791:(2017–present) 15786: 15781: 15774: 15772: 15765: 15759: 15758: 15755: 15754: 15752: 15751: 15750: 15749: 15744: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15715: 15704: 15702: 15698: 15697: 15695: 15694: 15691:Kasese clashes 15688: 15687:(1996–present) 15682: 15681:(1987–present) 15675: 15673: 15669: 15668: 15666: 15665: 15664:(2023–present) 15659: 15653: 15647: 15641: 15640:(2009–present) 15635: 15629: 15622: 15620: 15616: 15615: 15613: 15612: 15607: 15601: 15596: 15591: 15584: 15582: 15578: 15577: 15575: 15574: 15568: 15562: 15556: 15550: 15549:(1963–present) 15544: 15538: 15536: 15532: 15531: 15529: 15528: 15523: 15522: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15501: 15500:(1998–present) 15494: 15492: 15488: 15487: 15485: 15484: 15483: 15482: 15477: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15452: 15446: 15440: 15434: 15428: 15427: 15426: 15419:Oromo conflict 15415: 15413: 15406: 15400: 15399: 15396: 15395: 15393: 15392: 15391:(2009–present) 15386: 15385:(1987–present) 15380: 15374: 15372: 15368: 15367: 15365: 15364: 15363: 15362: 15360:2021 offensive 15351: 15345: 15343: 15339: 15338: 15336: 15335: 15334: 15333: 15323: 15316: 15314: 15308: 15307: 15305: 15304: 15298: 15292: 15291: 15290: 15285: 15276: 15274: 15268: 15267: 15265: 15264: 15258: 15252: 15251: 15250: 15245: 15234: 15233:(2009–present) 15231:Ituri conflict 15228: 15225:Dongo conflict 15222: 15221:(2004–present) 15216: 15213:Ituri conflict 15210: 15204: 15203:(1996–present) 15198: 15191: 15189: 15185: 15184: 15182: 15181: 15180:(1975–present) 15175: 15168: 15166: 15159: 15157:Central Africa 15153: 15152: 15149: 15148: 15146: 15145: 15144:(2020–present) 15139: 15138: 15137: 15127: 15126:(1982–present) 15121: 15118:Guinea clashes 15115: 15108: 15106: 15102: 15101: 15099: 15098: 15097: 15096: 15091: 15082: 15080: 15076: 15075: 15073: 15072: 15071: 15070: 15065: 15056: 15054: 15050: 15049: 15047: 15046: 15041: 15035: 15033: 15029: 15028: 15026: 15025: 15024:(2012–present) 15019: 15018: 15017: 15012: 15007: 14998: 14996: 14992: 14991: 14989: 14988: 14987:(2021–present) 14982: 14981: 14980: 14969: 14968:(2009–present) 14963: 14958: 14957: 14956: 14944: 14942: 14935: 14929: 14928: 14925: 14924: 14922: 14921: 14915: 14910: 14903: 14901: 14897: 14896: 14894: 14893: 14892: 14891: 14886: 14884:War, 1975–1991 14874: 14872: 14871:Western Sahara 14868: 14867: 14865: 14864: 14863: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14850:2011 civil war 14842: 14836: 14834: 14830: 14829: 14827: 14826: 14825:(2013–present) 14820: 14814: 14813:(2011–present) 14808: 14803: 14796: 14794: 14787: 14781: 14780: 14769: 14768: 14761: 14754: 14746: 14737: 14736: 14734: 14733: 14726: 14723: 14722: 14720: 14719: 14707: 14703:United States 14693: 14688: 14687: 14686: 14685: 14684: 14666: 14665: 14664: 14647: 14635: 14630: 14628:Omar Sharmarke 14625: 14608: 14607: 14606: 14601: 14584: 14583: 14582: 14577: 14572: 14561: 14559: 14555: 14554: 14552: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14525: 14523: 14519: 14518: 14516: 14515: 14510: 14505: 14500: 14494: 14492: 14486: 14485: 14483: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14460:Mahas bombings 14457: 14452: 14447: 14442: 14437: 14432: 14427: 14422: 14417: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14232: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14131: 14129: 14125: 14124: 14122: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14106: 14101: 14096: 14091: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14041: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14016: 14011: 14006: 14001: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13981: 13976: 13974:Battle of Gedo 13971: 13966: 13961: 13956: 13951: 13946: 13941: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13920: 13918: 13912: 13911: 13909: 13908: 13907: 13906: 13901: 13896: 13886: 13881: 13876: 13875: 13874: 13864: 13863: 13862: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13837: 13832: 13827: 13821: 13819: 13815: 13814: 13812: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13776: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13736: 13730: 13728: 13724: 13723: 13721: 13720: 13715: 13708: 13705: 13704: 13697: 13696: 13689: 13682: 13674: 13665: 13664: 13662: 13661: 13654: 13651: 13650: 13648: 13647: 13646: 13645: 13635: 13634: 13633: 13631:Jendayi Frazer 13615: 13614: 13613: 13596: 13595: 13594: 13576: 13575: 13574: 13569: 13552: 13551: 13550: 13545: 13528: 13527: 13526: 13521: 13511: 13510: 13509: 13499: 13498: 13497: 13492: 13482: 13481: 13480: 13475: 13456: 13454: 13450: 13449: 13447: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13420: 13418: 13414: 13413: 13411: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13389: 13387: 13381: 13380: 13378: 13377: 13372: 13367: 13362: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13301: 13299: 13295: 13294: 13292: 13291: 13290: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13258: 13257: 13247: 13246: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13204: 13202: 13198: 13197: 13195: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13173: 13171: 13167: 13166: 13164: 13163: 13158: 13153: 13146: 13143: 13142: 13135: 13134: 13127: 13120: 13112: 13106: 13105: 13093: 13077: 13076:External links 13074: 13073: 13072: 13066: 13049: 13046: 13043: 13042: 13031:. 30 June 2020 13016: 12991: 12977: 12960: 12951: 12942: 12933: 12913: 12896: 12879: 12870: 12861: 12841: 12832: 12823: 12814: 12805: 12796: 12787: 12778: 12761: 12744: 12730: 12718: 12706: 12697: 12688: 12672: 12661:. 2 April 2018 12646: 12634: 12625: 12621:Deutsche Welle 12612: 12603: 12591: 12582: 12573: 12564: 12547: 12538: 12525: 12512: 12503: 12490: 12473: 12460: 12447: 12365: 12352: 12339: 12326: 12305: 12284: 12266:Muñoz, Carlo. 12258: 12245: 12232: 12219: 12202: 12176: 12155: 12129: 12104: 12082: 12060: 12038: 12024: 12010: 11990: 11964: 11935: 11909: 11883: 11857: 11831: 11805: 11779: 11754: 11733: 11712: 11693: 11671: 11649: 11627: 11601: 11579: 11558: 11532: 11506: 11480: 11458: 11448: 11412: 11390: 11380: 11354: 11328: 11298: 11272: 11250: 11240: 11204: 11178: 11168: 11142: 11131:on 7 July 2011 11116: 11095: 11069: 11048: 11037:. 30 July 2009 11026: 10996: 10970: 10941: 10915: 10885: 10855: 10825: 10807: 10792: 10777: 10751: 10725: 10700: 10675: 10645: 10623: 10593: 10579: 10551: 10526: 10500: 10465: 10435: 10433:, 26 July 2012 10422: 10396: 10387: 10385:, 23 June 2012 10371: 10353: 10333: 10319: 10310: 10297: 10288: 10279: 10270: 10250: 10241: 10228: 10215: 10206: 10193: 10180: 10171: 10162: 10153: 10144: 10114: 10098: 10085: 10072: 10060: 10048: 10035: 10020: 10003: 9994: 9966: 9957: 9931: 9915: 9902: 9876: 9859: 9833: 9820: 9795: 9782: 9760: 9735: 9719: 9703: 9690: 9677: 9661: 9649: 9631: 9620:. 26 June 2015 9605: 9580: 9567: 9558: 9545: 9526: 9514: 9486: 9477: 9468: 9459: 9450: 9437: 9424: 9404: 9395: 9382: 9356: 9330: 9319:. 20 June 2020 9301: 9292: 9266: 9257: 9232: 9220: 9208:SoftPower News 9194: 9168: 9159: 9148:. 21 July 2017 9133: 9121: 9108: 9082: 9052: 9041:. 18 July 2016 9026: 9015:. 21 July 2017 9000: 8989:. 8 April 2017 8971: 8946: 8920: 8911: 8882: 8873: 8864: 8852: 8840: 8828: 8816: 8807: 8795: 8783: 8757: 8731: 8705: 8679: 8666: 8637: 8608: 8599: 8571: 8562: 8553: 8540: 8527: 8518: 8506: 8480: 8471: 8462: 8438: 8425: 8401: 8390:. 2 April 2016 8375: 8353: 8317: 8300:"Spokesperson" 8291: 8278: 8252: 8241:. 12 June 2020 8226: 8197: 8185: 8176: 8150: 8141: 8115: 8089: 8077: 8066:. 4 March 2018 8048: 8039: 8010: 8001: 7989: 7963: 7954: 7945: 7910: 7901: 7887: 7858: 7832: 7806: 7780: 7769:. 19 July 2016 7754: 7745: 7736: 7706: 7697: 7675: 7653: 7613: 7584: 7559: 7546: 7537: 7511: 7481: 7455: 7433: 7412: 7384: 7370:Jacey Fortin. 7362: 7332: 7323: 7299: 7273: 7242: 7224: 7210: 7188: 7179: 7154: 7145: 7136: 7118: 7087: 7056: 7009:(12): e28345. 6988: 6970: 6952: 6931: 6905: 6877: 6837: 6811: 6785: 6759: 6719: 6689: 6663: 6637: 6611: 6581: 6555: 6525: 6499: 6487: 6475: 6463: 6451: 6427: 6408: 6394: 6372: 6363: 6324: 6277: 6270: 6250: 6233: 6210:(2): 110–131. 6190: 6162: 6134: 6104: 6089: 6061: 6036: 6006: 5995:. 1 April 2022 5980: 5955: 5927: 5892: 5868: 5841: 5814: 5783: 5752: 5711: 5692:(2): 110–131. 5672: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5637: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5580: 5577: 5568: 5565: 5564: 5563: 5546: 5543: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5528: 5521: 5518: 5515: 5511: 5503: 5496: 5489: 5482: 5479: 5474:On 13/14 July 5472: 5469: 5466: 5463: 5455: 5452: 5445: 5441: 5434: 5431: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5413: 5410: 5403: 5395: 5384: 5376: 5369: 5366: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5356: 5348: 5341: 5334: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5290:During August 5288: 5285: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5269: 5262: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5164: 5161: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5149: 5143: 5136: 5127: 5124: 5123: 5122: 5114: 5106: 5102: 5093: 5090: 5062:United Nations 5038: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5029: 5025:Ebola outbreak 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4967: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4957: 4953: 4950: 4947: 4940: 4936: 4925: 4922: 4919: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4906: 4903: 4900: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4880: 4877: 4871: 4868: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4854: 4846: 4833: 4830: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4807: 4804: 4801: 4795: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4720: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4634: 4633: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4584: 4583: 4580: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4482: 4479: 4400: 4397: 4393: 4392: 4386: 4377: 4376: 4375:January 2015? 4373: 4370: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4296: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4280: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4267: 4254: 4253: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4231: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4201: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4133: 4132: 4131:February 2020 4129: 4127: 4124: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4087: 4083: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4070: 4066: 4065: 4064:December 2013 4062: 4059: 4056: 4052: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4003: 3999: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3982: 3979: 3978: 3977: 3971: 3961: 3960: 3954: 3949: 3943: 3938: 3932: 3921: 3920: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3832: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3802: 3792: 3791: 3785: 3772:b. Battalions 3767: 3766: 3765:December 2021 3763: 3760: 3757: 3753: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3727: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3575:a. Commanders 3571: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3517:December 2021? 3515: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3495:September 2020 3493: 3490: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3438:September 2020 3436: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3347: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3283: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3195: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3174: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3132: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3109: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3087: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3066: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3044: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3003: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2949:September 2009 2947: 2944: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2897: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2875: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2756:3 January 2017 2754: 2751: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2743:3 January 2017 2741: 2738: 2735: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2699: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2628:September 2009 2626: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2615:September 2009 2613: 2610: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2550:a. Commanders 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2530: 2529: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2505: 2494: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2475: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2417: 2414: 2410: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2363: 2360: 2356: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2328: 2327:December 2014 2325: 2322: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2282: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2255: 2252: 2248: 2247: 2246:February 2008 2244: 2241: 2228: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2174: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2120: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2067: 2064: 2060: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2037: 2034: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2010: 2007: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1892: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1862: 1859: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1804: 1801: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1731:1 October 2016 1729: 1716: 1713: 1709: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1587:September 2014 1585: 1582: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1454: 1451: 1447: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1425: 1423:Cyprien Hakiza 1419: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1392: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1273: 1270: 1266: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1130: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1098: 1092: 1088: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1066: 1060: 1056: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1034: 1032:Nathan Mugisha 1028: 1024: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1002: 1000:Francis Okello 996: 992: 991: 989: 986: 983: 970: 968:Levi Karuhanga 964: 960: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 944: 937: 934: 893:Lower Shebelle 876: 873: 769: 768:Expanding role 766: 729: 726: 722:Levi Karuhanga 651:European Union 618: 615: 590: 589:ICU resistance 587: 549: 546: 544: 541: 516:United Nations 499: 496: 492:European Union 473:regime changer 435: 432: 360:formed by the 344: 343: 326: 312: 311: 308: 307: 293: 289: 288: 287: 286: 285: 284: 279: 267: 263: 262: 261: 260: 247: 234: 221: 208: 193: 189: 188: 187: 186: 174: 161: 148: 135: 120: 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 101: 97: 96: 91: 87: 86: 83: 77: 76: 74:Map of Somalia 73: 65: 64: 56: 55: 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15932: 15921: 15918: 15916: 15913: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15882: 15880: 15865: 15862: 15860: 15857: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15849:War on terror 15847: 15846: 15844: 15840: 15828: 15825: 15822: 15819: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15810: 15807: 15804: 15803: 15801: 15797: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15779: 15776: 15775: 15773: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15760: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15739: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15719: 15716: 15713: 15709: 15706: 15705: 15703: 15699: 15692: 15689: 15686: 15683: 15680: 15677: 15676: 15674: 15670: 15663: 15660: 15657: 15654: 15651: 15650:Heglig Crisis 15648: 15645: 15642: 15639: 15636: 15633: 15632:War in Darfur 15630: 15627: 15624: 15623: 15621: 15617: 15611: 15608: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15589: 15588:Heglig Crisis 15586: 15585: 15583: 15579: 15572: 15569: 15566: 15563: 15560: 15559:Kenyan crisis 15557: 15554: 15551: 15548: 15545: 15543: 15540: 15539: 15537: 15533: 15527: 15524: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15506: 15505: 15502: 15499: 15496: 15495: 15493: 15489: 15481: 15480:War in Amhara 15478: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15457: 15456: 15453: 15450: 15447: 15444: 15441: 15438: 15435: 15432: 15429: 15425: 15422: 15421: 15420: 15417: 15416: 15414: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15401: 15390: 15387: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15375: 15373: 15369: 15361: 15358: 15357: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15347: 15346: 15344: 15340: 15332: 15329: 15328: 15327: 15324: 15321: 15318: 15317: 15315: 15309: 15302: 15299: 15296: 15293: 15289: 15286: 15284: 15281: 15280: 15278: 15277: 15275: 15269: 15262: 15259: 15256: 15253: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15232: 15229: 15226: 15223: 15220: 15219:Kivu conflict 15217: 15214: 15211: 15208: 15205: 15202: 15199: 15196: 15193: 15192: 15190: 15186: 15179: 15176: 15173: 15170: 15169: 15167: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15154: 15143: 15140: 15136: 15133: 15132: 15131: 15128: 15125: 15122: 15119: 15116: 15113: 15110: 15109: 15107: 15103: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15086: 15084: 15083: 15081: 15079:Côte d'Ivoire 15077: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15061: 15060: 15058: 15057: 15055: 15051: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15036: 15034: 15030: 15023: 15020: 15016: 15013: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15002: 15000: 14999: 14997: 14993: 14986: 14983: 14979: 14978:2016 conflict 14976: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14955: 14952: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14945: 14943: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14930: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14908: 14905: 14904: 14902: 14898: 14890: 14887: 14885: 14882: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14875: 14873: 14869: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14847: 14846: 14845:Libyan Crisis 14843: 14841: 14838: 14837: 14835: 14831: 14824: 14821: 14818: 14815: 14812: 14809: 14807: 14804: 14801: 14798: 14797: 14795: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14782: 14778: 14775: 14767: 14762: 14760: 14755: 14753: 14748: 14747: 14744: 14732: 14728: 14727: 14724: 14718: 14708: 14706: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14683: 14682:Abdiweli Gaas 14680: 14679: 14678: 14667: 14663: 14660: 14659: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14646: 14641: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14620: 14619: 14614: 14609: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14597: 14596: 14595: 14585: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14570:Mukhtar Robow 14568: 14567: 14566: 14563: 14562: 14560: 14556: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14526: 14524: 14520: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14504: 14501: 14499: 14496: 14495: 14493: 14491: 14487: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14448: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14220:Garowe attack 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14132: 14130: 14126: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14102: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14000: 13997: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13982: 13980: 13977: 13975: 13972: 13970: 13967: 13965: 13962: 13960: 13957: 13955: 13952: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13937: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13922: 13921: 13919: 13913: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13891: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13873: 13870: 13869: 13868: 13865: 13861: 13858: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13842: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13822: 13820: 13816: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13731: 13729: 13725: 13719: 13718:War on terror 13716: 13714: 13710: 13709: 13706: 13702: 13695: 13690: 13688: 13683: 13681: 13676: 13675: 13672: 13660: 13656: 13655: 13652: 13644: 13641: 13640: 13639: 13636: 13632: 13629: 13628: 13627: 13626:United States 13616: 13612: 13609: 13608: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13593: 13590: 13589: 13588: 13577: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13564: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13540: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13519:Mukhtar Robow 13517: 13516: 13515: 13512: 13508: 13505: 13504: 13503: 13500: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13487: 13486: 13483: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13470: 13469: 13458: 13457: 13455: 13451: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13421: 13419: 13415: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13390: 13388: 13386: 13382: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13302: 13300: 13296: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13274: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13256: 13253: 13252: 13251: 13248: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13225: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13205: 13203: 13199: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13174: 13172: 13168: 13162: 13161:War on terror 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13148: 13147: 13144: 13140: 13133: 13128: 13126: 13121: 13119: 13114: 13113: 13110: 13103: 13098: 13094: 13091: 13085: 13080: 13079: 13069: 13063: 13059: 13058: 13052: 13051: 13030: 13029:Garowe Online 13026: 13020: 13005: 13004:www.aa.com.tr 13001: 12995: 12987: 12981: 12974: 12970: 12964: 12955: 12946: 12937: 12930: 12926: 12920: 12918: 12910: 12906: 12900: 12893: 12889: 12883: 12874: 12865: 12858: 12854: 12848: 12846: 12836: 12827: 12818: 12809: 12800: 12791: 12782: 12775: 12771: 12765: 12758: 12754: 12748: 12739: 12737: 12735: 12725: 12723: 12713: 12711: 12701: 12692: 12685: 12679: 12677: 12660: 12659:amisom-au.org 12656: 12650: 12641: 12639: 12629: 12622: 12616: 12607: 12601: 12595: 12586: 12577: 12568: 12561: 12557: 12551: 12542: 12535: 12529: 12522: 12516: 12507: 12500: 12494: 12487: 12483: 12477: 12470: 12464: 12457: 12451: 12444: 12440: 12434: 12432: 12430: 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10474: 10472: 10470: 10453: 10449: 10445: 10439: 10432: 10426: 10410: 10406: 10400: 10391: 10384: 10380: 10375: 10367: 10363: 10357: 10350: 10346: 10343: 10337: 10331: 10326: 10324: 10314: 10307: 10301: 10292: 10283: 10274: 10267: 10263: 10260: 10254: 10245: 10238: 10232: 10225: 10219: 10210: 10203: 10197: 10190: 10184: 10175: 10166: 10157: 10148: 10132: 10128: 10124: 10118: 10111: 10105: 10103: 10095: 10089: 10082: 10076: 10070: 10064: 10055: 10053: 10045: 10039: 10033: 10027: 10025: 10017: 10013: 10007: 9998: 9983: 9979: 9973: 9971: 9961: 9945: 9941: 9935: 9928: 9922: 9920: 9912: 9906: 9891:. 5 June 2017 9890: 9889:Amisom-AU.org 9886: 9880: 9873: 9868: 9866: 9864: 9847: 9846:Amisom-AU.org 9843: 9837: 9830: 9824: 9809: 9805: 9799: 9792: 9786: 9770: 9764: 9749: 9745: 9739: 9732: 9726: 9724: 9716: 9710: 9708: 9700: 9694: 9687: 9681: 9674: 9668: 9666: 9656: 9654: 9644: 9642: 9640: 9638: 9636: 9619: 9615: 9609: 9594: 9590: 9584: 9574: 9572: 9562: 9555: 9549: 9543: 9539: 9536: 9530: 9521: 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Hiiraan.com 8363: 8357: 8349: 8343: 8327: 8321: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8288: 8282: 8266: 8262: 8256: 8240: 8236: 8230: 8214: 8210: 8204: 8202: 8192: 8190: 8180: 8164: 8160: 8154: 8145: 8129: 8125: 8119: 8103: 8099: 8093: 8086: 8085:AMISON Review 8081: 8065: 8061: 8055: 8053: 8043: 8027: 8023: 8017: 8015: 8005: 7996: 7994: 7977: 7973: 7967: 7958: 7949: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7919: 7917: 7915: 7905: 7896: 7894: 7892: 7875: 7871: 7865: 7863: 7846: 7842: 7836: 7820: 7816: 7810: 7794: 7790: 7784: 7768: 7764: 7758: 7749: 7740: 7725: 7724: 7719: 7713: 7711: 7701: 7686:. Allgedo.com 7685: 7679: 7663: 7657: 7649: 7643: 7627: 7623: 7617: 7601: 7597: 7591: 7589: 7573: 7566: 7564: 7556: 7550: 7541: 7526: 7522: 7515: 7500:. 22 May 2022 7499: 7495: 7491: 7485: 7470: 7466: 7459: 7444: 7437: 7422: 7416: 7401: 7400:allAfrica.com 7397: 7391: 7389: 7373: 7366: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7336: 7327: 7312: 7306: 7304: 7287: 7283: 7277: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7246: 7239:. 1 May 2012. 7238: 7234: 7228: 7220: 7214: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7192: 7183: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7161: 7159: 7149: 7140: 7132: 7128: 7122: 7106: 7102: 7101:allAfrica.com 7098: 7091: 7075: 7071: 7070:allAfrica.com 7067: 7060: 7052: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6992: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6974: 6968: 6964: 6961: 6956: 6941: 6935: 6919: 6915: 6909: 6893: 6892: 6887: 6881: 6873: 6867: 6851: 6847: 6841: 6825: 6821: 6815: 6799: 6795: 6789: 6773: 6769: 6763: 6755: 6749: 6733: 6729: 6723: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6693: 6677: 6673: 6667: 6651: 6647: 6641: 6625: 6621: 6615: 6600:on 6 May 2009 6599: 6595: 6591: 6585: 6569: 6565: 6559: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6513: 6509: 6503: 6496: 6491: 6484: 6479: 6472: 6467: 6460: 6455: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6436: 6431: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6412: 6404: 6398: 6383:. 31 May 2019 6382: 6376: 6367: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6328: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6281: 6273: 6267: 6264:. Routledge. 6263: 6262: 6254: 6246: 6240: 6238: 6230: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6194: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6166: 6151: 6144: 6138: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6108: 6101: 6096: 6094: 6077: 6076: 6071: 6065: 6058: 6057: 6052: 6048: 6045: 6040: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6010: 5994: 5990: 5984: 5969: 5965: 5959: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5931: 5916: 5912: 5911: 5906: 5899: 5897: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5872: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5848: 5846: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5821: 5819: 5802: 5798: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5780: 5769: 5768: 5763: 5756: 5748: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5715: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5676: 5661: 5657: 5650: 5646: 5635: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5590:African Union 5588: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5576: 5574: 5561: 5558:towns in the 5557: 5553: 5549: 5548: 5542: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5501: 5497: 5494: 5490: 5487: 5483: 5480: 5477: 5473: 5470: 5467: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5453: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5439: 5435: 5432: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5374: 5370: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5270: 5267: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5248: 5245: 5242: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5194: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5166: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5137: 5134: 5130: 5129: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5089: 5087: 5086:African Union 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5058:African Union 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4907: 4904: 4901: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4888: 4885: 4881: 4878: 4874: 4873: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4850:Leptospirosis 4847: 4845:in Mogadishu. 4844: 4840: 4839: 4838: 4829: 4827: 4824:According to 4814: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4792: 4790:1,108-3,000+ 4789: 4786: 4783: 4780: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4684: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4585: 4581: 4578: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4560: 4555:Troop numbers 4547: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4532: 4529: 4528: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4514:David R. Hogg 4511: 4507: 4502: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4468:departments. 4465: 4463: 4459: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4396: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4347:Dep. Somalia 4346: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4291: 4289:December 2011 4288: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4215: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4198: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4144: 4142:February 2020 4141: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4097: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4078:December 2013 4077: 4075: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 4000: 3997:Left command 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3925: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3836: 3835: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3795: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3773: 3764: 3762:January 2021? 3761: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3602:December 2007 3601: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3548:Ugabag XXXIII 3547: 3546: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475:December 2019 3474: 3471: 3468: 3467: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3449:Ugabag XXVIII 3448: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359:December 2018 3358: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3295:November 2017 3294: 3292:December 2016 3291: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3242: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231:December 2016 3230: 3228:November 2015 3227: 3225:Col. Bob Ogik 3224: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141:February 2014 3140: 3137: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099:February 2014 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2908:November 2008 2907: 2905:December 2007 2904: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2837: 2834: 2832:December 2021 2831: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2821: 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2364: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2351:16 March 2015 2350: 2348: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2270:February 2008 2269: 2267: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2200:Spokespersons 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1882: 1880:December 2021 1879: 1876: 1874: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1852: 1850: 1848:February 2019 1847: 1845: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 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Somalia 2855:Battle Group 2847: 2843: 2842: 2724:October 2014 2711:October 2014 2644:18 June 2010 2631:18 June 2010 2549: 2548: 2533: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2464: 2460: 2458: 2381:April 2017? 2354:April 2016? 2300:8 July 2012 1877:January 2021 1554:9 April 2012 1259:18 July 2016 1096:Andrew Gutti 1081:15 June 2011 1052:15 June 2011 1017:3 March 2008 988:3 March 2008 926: 869: 865: 857: 840:East African 839: 837: 826: 822: 818: 810: 798: 786:peacekeeping 779: 742: 738: 731: 671: 640: 628: 604: 596: 592: 579: 563: 558:Sierra Leone 536: 528: 501: 485: 470: 466:arms embargo 437: 424: 409: 398: 353: 349: 347: 327: 313: 257:Hizbul Islam 90:Headquarters 46: 35: 18: 15859:Arab Winter 15854:Arab Spring 15823:(1998–1999) 15814:(1994–1999) 15780:(1977–1992) 15720:(1991–1994) 15714:(1990–1994) 15658:(2022–2023) 15646:(2011–2020) 15634:(2003–2020) 15628:(1983–2005) 15606:(2013–2020) 15581:South Sudan 15567:(2012–2013) 15561:(2007–2008) 15451:(2000–2018) 15445:(1998–2000) 15439:(1995–2018) 15433:(1994–2018) 15404:East Africa 15322:(2004–2007) 15303:(2016–2017) 15297:(2002–2003) 15279:Civil wars 15263:(2016–2019) 15257:(2013–2018) 15215:(1999–2007) 15209:(1998–2003) 15197:(1996–1997) 15178:Cabinda War 15174:(1975–2002) 15114:(1998–1999) 14933:West Africa 14920:(2010–2011) 14909:(1991–2002) 14819:(2013–2014) 14802:(2011–2014) 14558:Key players 13917:and battles 13860:Disarmament 13478:Gabre Heard 13453:Key players 13243:Disarmament 13009:11 December 12830:Maruf 2018. 12361:The Monitor 12348:The Monitor 11902:7 September 11876:9 September 11850:9 September 11798:6 September 11772:26 December 11747:26 December 11742:"KEYDMEDIA" 11726:26 December 11721:"KEYDMEDIA" 11572:26 December 11321:26 December 11062:27 February 10963:26 December 10934:26 December 10908:26 December 10878:26 December 10848:26 December 10770:26 December 10693:26 December 10668:26 December 10616:26 December 10572:26 December 10544:26 December 10519:26 December 10458:26 December 10137:26 December 9987:26 December 9950:26 December 9446:The Monitor 9117:The Monitor 8955:"- YouTube" 8848:The Monitor 8836:The Monitor 8824:The Monitor 8791:The Monitor 8675:The Monitor 8592:26 December 7938:26 December 7899:Oloya 2016. 7577:26 December 7448:26 December 7426:26 December 7405:26 December 7377:26 December 7355:26 December 7266:26 December 6945:27 February 6856:16 February 6538:Kenya Times 5386:On 2 April 5266:al- Shabaab 4876:government. 4605:110-2,700+ 4568:Casualties 4399:Civil staff 4168:24 Feb 2022 4072:Brig. 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