203:. The French text specifically states that there was Manx involvement in the assault. In Gerald's version of the events, Affreca's father supplied thirty ships to an unsuccessful later-attempt at ousting the Normans from Dublin. In the words of Gerald, "their fear of the threat of English domination, inspired by the successes of the English, made the men of the isles act all the more quickly, and with the wind in the northwest they immediately sailed about thirty ships full of warriors into the harbour of the
265:, the marriage between Affreca and de Courcy took place in 1180. Although scholars consider these annals particularly unreliable, a date of about 1180 may not be far off the mark, considering the time-frame of de Courcy's rapid rise to power. It is possible that de Courcy's marriage could have attributed to his success in Ulaid, considering the military resources of the Crovan dynasty. Less speculative is the likelihood that de Courcy's success was used by the Crovan dynasty, who were allied by marriage with
28:
199:(d. 1171), launched a sea-borne assault on the town with a force that numbered either sixty or one hundred ships respectively. Although Mac Turcaill's men successfully made landfall near the town, the sources indicate that his forces were utterly crushed by the Norman defenders, and that he was himself captured and
210:
With the conquest of Norse-Gaelic Dublin, and the ongoing entrenchment of the
English in Ireland, the Crovan dynasty found themselves surrounded by a potentially threatening, rising power in the Irish Sea zone. The dynasty did not take long to realign itself with this new power, in the form of a
176:, a seaport and seat of a somewhat independent kingdom ruled by various Norse-Gaelic kings. In September 1170, the forces of Mac Murchada and de Clare marched on Dublin, which was then successfully stormed by de Clare's men. According to the near contemporary
297:
specifies that de Courcy's massive force was further strengthened by Rögnvaldr with one hundred ships. Together the two laid siege to what the chronicle describes as "the castle of Rath", before being beaten back with the arrival of
312:. Although the expedition ultimately proved a failure, the annals note that the surrounding countryside was plundered and destroyed by the invaders. The identity of the castle noted by the chronicle is almost certainly
172:(d. 1176). In 1167, the reinforced Mac Murchada made his return and easily regained Leinster, and later gained further lands. One of the wealthiest and coveted settlements in 12th century Ireland was
248:
160:(d. 1171), was forced from Ireland by his rivals. With the consent of Henry, Mac Murchada sought the aid of Henry's vassals in Wales and England. Through his daughter
277:
In a series of conflicts between 1201 and 1204, de Courcy finally fell from power. By 1205 he was forced from
Ireland altogether, and his lands were awarded to
1832:
Downham, Clare (2007), "Living on the edge: Scandinavian Dublin in the twelfth century", in Smith, Beverley Ballin; Taylor, Simon; Williams, Gareth (eds.),
2336:
2294:
2252:
2184:
2120:
2078:
2036:
1994:
1952:
1783:
1745:
1704:
1890:
Duffy, Seán (1995), "The first Ulster plantation: John de Courcy and the men of
Cumbria", in Barry, Terence B.; Frame, Robin; Simms, Katharine (eds.),
870:Óláfr Guðrøðarson (d. 1153) is known to have had at least two wives: Ingibjörg Hákonardóttir and Affraic ingen Fergusa. Ingibjörg was a daughter of
316:, which was possibly constructed by de Courcy before 1203. The defeat of 1205 marks the downfall of de Courcy, who never regained his Irish-lands.
1634:
Chronica regvm Manniæ et
Insvlarvm: the chronicle of Man and the Sudreys; from the manuscript codex in the British Museum; with historical notes
2420:
1652:
The song of Dermot and the earl: an old French poem from the Carew manuscript no. 596 in the archiepiscopal library at
Lambeth palace
1895:
186:(d. 1220x23), the leadership of the Dubliners managed to escape the carnage with their belongings, and sailed away into the Isles.
2435:
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1987:
1945:
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169:
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231:(d. before 1198), and was a member of the English garrison of Dublin. According to the Gerald, de Courcy led an invasion of
2430:
2425:
259:. He thereafter ruled his lands with a certain amount of independence for about a quarter of a century. According to the
2460:
2455:
1836:, The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economies and Cultures, vol. 31,
974:
2450:
2445:
2378:
2159:
2146:
Flanagan, Marie
Therese (2005), "Anglo-Norman Invasion", in Duffy, Seán; MacShamhráin, Ailbhe; Moynes, James (eds.),
1822:
333:
189:
While many of the
Dubliners may never have returned, Gerald's account and a mediaeval French text popularly known as
2400:
2395:
278:
1913:
Duffy, Seán (1998), "Ireland's
Hastings: the Anglo-Norman conquest of Dublin", in Harper-Bill, Christopher (ed.),
191:
281:(d. 1242). Sometime in 1205, de Courcy rose in rebellion, and gained military support from Affreca's brother,
299:
943:
853:
Secondary sources often assign anachronistic names to these incomers, such as: Anglo-French, Anglo-Norman,
227:
Nothing is known of de Courcy's early life. He arrived in
Ireland in 1176, with Henry's deputy in Ireland,
1664:
261:
1809:
Crooks, Peter (2005), "Ulster, earldom of", in Duffy, Seán; MacShamhráin, Ailbhe; Moynes, James (eds.),
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1606:
2415:
1730:
1244:
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Duffy, Seán (1992), "Irishmen and
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2212:
Manx kingship in its Irish sea setting, 1187–1229: king RÇ«gnvaldr and the Crovan dynasty
935:
900:
1616:
1598:
1570:
178:
119:
87:
33:
304:
211:
dynastic marriage between Affreca and one of the most powerful of the incoming Englishmen—
8:
2169:
1918:
1874:
1834:
West over the sea: studies in Scandinavian sea-borne expansion and settlement before 1300
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183:
130:
107:
83:
67:
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Affrica, sister of King Rognvald @ Paradox of Medieval Scotland 1093–1286
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1961:
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1937:
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1734:
1689:
2409:
2365:(2005), "Ulaid", in Duffy, Seán; MacShamhráin, Ailbhe; Moynes, James (eds.),
2021:
1855:
903:
form of a Gaelic or Norse epithet, and may refer to a deformity of the hands.
892:
854:
372:
252:
236:
149:
255:(d. 1201), and consolidated his conquest of the area with the erection of a
2233:
1638:
204:
200:
308:, which state that de Courcy brought a fleet from the Isles to battle the
244:
240:
1892:
Colony and frontier in medieval Ireland: essays presented to J. F. Lydon
1882:
891:
Guðrøðr's ancestry is uncertain, although he very well may have been an
302:(d. 1241), Hugh's elder brother. The expedition is also recorded in the
82:
was a late 12th-/early 13th century noblewoman. She was the daughter of
2362:
965:
Ewan, Elizabeth (2018). "AFFRICA (AUFRIKE) OF GALLOWAY, Queen of Man".
2401:
John de Courcy (d.1219) @ Paradox of Medieval Scotland 1093–1286
2370:
2151:
1814:
168:
1189), Mac Murchada gained a matrimonial-alliance with the powerful
27:
1580:
861:. Contemporary Irish sources name the incomers simply as "English".
126:
896:
858:
309:
52:
195:
state that, about six months later, the deposed King of Dublin,
98:. Affrica is noted for religious patronage in northern Ireland.
173:
332:, where John had previously given lands to his family priory,
232:
2022:"Clare, Richard fitz Gilbert de, second earl of Pembroke (
1915:
Anglo-Norman studies: proceedings of the battle conference
125:
She is not to be confused with her grandmother Affrica of
2298:(online January 2008 ed.). Oxford University Press.
1773:"MagnĂşs Erlendsson, earl of Orkney (1075/6–1116?)"
1708:(online October 2006 ed.). Oxford University Press.
921:
Affraic's mother was an unnamed illegitimate daughter of
2340:(online May 2008 ed.). Oxford University Press.
1749:(online May 2011 ed.). Oxford University Press.
882:(d. 1161). Guðrøðr's mother was most likely Affraic.
235:
in 1177 (an area roughly encompassing what is today
1561:
Early sources of Scottish history: a.d. 500 to 1286
118:, a member of the Crovan dynasty. Godred ruled the
967:The New Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women
2407:
788:1. Affrica Guðrøðardóttir (d. in or after 1219)
156:. In 1166, the once powerful King of Leinster,
1493:
1491:
1238:. This webpage is a partial transcription of:
1003:
1001:
2256:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2188:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2124:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2082:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2040:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1998:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1956:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1787:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
969:(2nd ed.). Edinburgh University Press.
936:William I, King of England, Duke of Normandy
1670:The historical works of Giraldus Cambrensis
1488:
998:
26:
988:
986:
1896:Continuum International Publishing Group
1594:Chartularies of St. Mary's abbey, Dublin
222:
2337:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2331:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2295:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2289:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2253:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2247:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2185:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2179:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2121:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2115:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2079:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2073:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2037:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2031:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1995:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1989:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1953:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1947:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1784:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1778:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1746:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1740:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1705:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1699:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1587:
135:
94:. In the late 12th century she married
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170:Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
1478:
1476:
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1241:The Oxford Companion to Irish History
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269:, as a means of settling old scores.
2421:People from the Kingdom of the Isles
1771:Crawford, Barbara Elizabeth (2004).
964:
101:
13:
1507:
1473:
1400:
1388:
14:
2472:
2389:
2367:Medieval Ireland: an encyclopedia
2210:McDonald, Russell Andrew (2007),
2148:Medieval Ireland: an encyclopedia
2104:Flanagan, Marie Therese (2004c).
2062:Flanagan, Marie Therese (2004b).
2020:Flanagan, Marie Therese (2004a).
1811:Medieval Ireland: an encyclopedia
1219:
878:1126). Affraic was a daughter of
551:King of the Isles, King of Dublin
279:Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster
1735:"William I (1027/8–1087)"
1637:, vol. 1, printed for the
1519:
1453:
1437:
1417:
1376:
1369:: pp. 128–127. See also:
1360:
1353:: pp. 364–365. See also:
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1329:: pp. 128–127. See also:
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1170:: pp. 124–125. See also:
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1150:: pp. 132–133. See also:
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1110:: pp. 164–183. See also:
1106:: pp. 219–221. See also:
1050:: pp. 213–214. See also:
1046:: pp. 131–132. See also:
928:
915:
912:Fergus's ancestry is uncertain.
906:
885:
864:
243:). He reached Down (modern day
192:The Song of Dermot and the Earl
2436:12th-century Scottish nobility
1564:, vol. 2, Oliver and Boyd
1117:
1081:
1057:
1029:
1017:
958:
847:
348:Ancestors of Affreca de Courcy
1:
2320:van Houts, Elisabeth (2004).
2174:"Henry I (1068/9–1135)"
1542:
1446:: pp. 61–62. See also:
944:Baudouin V, Count of Flanders
872:Hákon Pálsson, Earl of Orkney
2441:13th-century Scottish people
2354:UK public library membership
2312:UK public library membership
2270:UK public library membership
2202:UK public library membership
2138:UK public library membership
2096:UK public library membership
2054:UK public library membership
2012:UK public library membership
1970:UK public library membership
1801:UK public library membership
1763:UK public library membership
1722:UK public library membership
1098:: pp. 131–132, p. 132
1074:: pp. 131–132, p. 132
952:
152:adventurers in 12th century
106:Affreca was the daughter of
7:
2431:13th-century Scottish women
2426:12th-century Scottish women
2278:Smith, J. Beverley (2004).
2238:"Fergus, lord of Galloway (
339:
262:Dublin Annals of Inisfallen
10:
2477:
1607:Hennessy, William Maunsell
677:
567:
559:
448:
360:
293:), King of the Isles. The
146:Norman invasion of Ireland
2461:13th-century Irish people
2456:12th-century Irish people
2170:Hollister, Charles Warren
2106:"Mac Murchada, Diarmait (
1688:Bartlett, Robert (2004).
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140:A significant era in the
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2451:13th-century Irish women
2446:12th-century Irish women
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1673:, George Bell & Sons
1645:
1605:
1576:Giraldi Cambrensis opera
1370:
1330:
1131:
1107:
938:(d. 1087), and his wife
923:Henry I, King of England
880:Fergus, Lord of Galloway
841:
324:Affreca founded in 1193
249:Ruaidrà Mac Duinn Sléibe
32:Mannequin of Affreca at
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942:(d. 1083), daughter of
290:
115:
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2304:10.1093/ref:odnb/16875
2262:10.1093/ref:odnb/49360
2194:10.1093/ref:odnb/12948
2130:10.1093/ref:odnb/17697
2088:10.1093/ref:odnb/15864
2004:10.1093/ref:odnb/50613
1962:10.1093/ref:odnb/50616
1793:10.1093/ref:odnb/65444
1755:10.1093/ref:odnb/29448
1714:10.1093/ref:odnb/10769
1026:: pp. 33–34, 39.
334:St Andrew of Stogursey
328:, in the peninsula of
80:Affrica Guðrøðardóttir
21:Affrica Guðrøðardóttir
2046:10.1093/ref:odnb/5447
1978:Duffy, Seán (2004b).
1936:Duffy, Seán (2004a).
1617:Longman & Company
1612:The annals of Loch CĂ©
1599:Longman & Company
1571:Dimock, James Francis
934:Henry was the son of
899:"crovan" is likely a
291:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson
223:Marriage to de Courcy
1919:Boydell & Brewer
1817:, pp. 496–497,
1694:1146–1220x23)"
1647:Orpen, Goddard Henry
1625:Munch, Peter Andreas
1589:Gilbert, John Thomas
1373:: pp. 234–235.
1345:: p. 128. See also:
1317:: pp. 126–127.
1289:: p. 126. See also:
1261:: p. 493. See also:
1186:: p. 125. See also:
1158:: pp. 265–266.
1154:: p. 221. See also:
1146:: p. 124. See also:
1134:: pp. 164–183.
1114:: pp. 263–265.
1090:: p. 124. See also:
1066:: p. 124. See also:
1054:: pp. 256–257.
1038:: p. 124. See also:
229:William fitz Audelin
179:Expugnatio Hibernica
136:Anglo-Norman Ireland
120:Kingdom of the Isles
34:Carrickfergus Castle
1938:"Courcy , John de (
1875:Royal Irish Academy
1094:: p. 79. See also:
1070:: p. 79. See also:
320:Religious patronage
283:Ragnvald Godredsson
197:Ascall mac Ragnaill
2154:, pp. 17–19,
2064:"Lacy, Walter de (
1921:, pp. 69–85,
1840:, pp. 33–52,
1690:"Gerald of Wales (
1556:Anderson, Alan Orr
1357:: pp. 80–83.
1220:Simms, Katharine,
995:: pp. 17–19.
273:John and RÇ«gnvaldr
158:Dermot MacMurrough
142:history of Ireland
90:, a member of the
2352:(Subscription or
2310:(Subscription or
2268:(Subscription or
2225:978-1-84682-047-2
2216:Four Courts Press
2200:(Subscription or
2136:(Subscription or
2110:1110–1171)"
2094:(Subscription or
2052:(Subscription or
2026:1130–1176)"
2010:(Subscription or
1980:"Godred Crovan (
1968:(Subscription or
1928:978-0-85115-573-9
1905:978-1-85285-122-4
1898:, pp. 1–29,
1847:978-90-04-15893-1
1799:(Subscription or
1761:(Subscription or
1720:(Subscription or
1681:Secondary sources
838:
837:
834:
833:
440:King of the Isles
436:Óláfr Guðrøðarson
378:King of the Isles
305:Annals of Loch CĂ©
295:Chronicle of Mann
162:Aoife MacMurrough
102:Family background
88:King of the Isles
76:Affreca de Courcy
73:
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2007:
1973:
1965:
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617:Lord of Galloway
547:Guðrøðr Óláfsson
373:Guðrøðr "Crovan"
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2009:
1967:
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1657:Clarendon Press
1631:, eds. (1874),
1629:Goss, Alexander
1615:, vol. 1,
1597:, vol. 2,
1579:, vol. 5,
1548:Primary sources
1545:
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1462:: p. 64, p. 64
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184:Gerald of Wales
138:
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2474:
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1367:McDonald 2007
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1351:Anderson 1922
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1703:
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1633:
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1560:
1532:. See also:
1528:. See also:
1521:
1509:
1500:. See also:
1466:. See also:
1463:
1455:
1439:
1430:. See also:
1426:. See also:
1419:
1390:
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1362:
1349:. See also:
1338:
1322:
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1282:
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1225:
1222:"MacDonlevy"
1218:. See also:
1211:
1202:. See also:
1195:
1179:
1163:
1139:
1130:. See also:
1128:fn 7–8
1127:
1119:
1102:. See also:
1099:
1083:
1075:
1059:
1042:. See also:
1031:
1024:Downham 2007
1019:
1010:. See also:
966:
960:
930:
917:
908:
895:dynast. The
887:
875:
866:
849:
323:
303:
294:
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226:
216:
209:
190:
188:
177:
165:
150:Anglo-Norman
139:
124:
105:
79:
75:
74:
15:
2363:Woolf, Alex
1468:Duffy 2004b
1448:Duffy 2004b
1424:Duffy 2004b
1412:Duffy 2004b
1395:Duffy 2004a
1291:Duffy 2004a
1275:Crooks 2005
1263:Duffy 2004a
1233:23 December
1216:Duffy 2004a
1200:Duffy 2004a
1188:Duffy 2004a
1156:Dimock 1867
1152:Wright 1894
1112:Dimock 1867
1104:Wright 1894
1052:Dimock 1867
1048:Wright 1894
245:Downpatrick
241:County Down
129:, Queen of
2410:Categories
2356:required.)
2322:"Matilda (
2314:required.)
2272:required.)
2204:required.)
2140:required.)
2098:required.)
2056:required.)
2014:required.)
1972:required.)
1877:: 93–133,
1803:required.)
1765:required.)
1724:required.)
1543:References
1530:Bates 2004
1498:Oram 2004b
1483:Oram 2004b
1432:Oram 2004b
1331:Smith 2004
1259:Woolf 2005
1172:Duffy 1992
1148:Duffy 1992
1132:Orpen 1892
1108:Orpen 1892
1096:Duffy 1992
1092:Duffy 1998
1072:Duffy 1992
1068:Duffy 1998
1044:Duffy 1992
946:(d. 1067).
925:(d. 1135).
669:5. Affraic
326:Grey Abbey
2371:Routledge
2236:(2004b).
2152:Routledge
1856:1569-1462
1815:Routledge
1385:: p. 129.
1305:: p. 126.
1277:: p. 496.
1174:: p. 133.
1126:: p. 124
953:Citations
901:Latinised
706:(d. 1135)
614:(d. 1161)
549:(d. 1187)
438:(d. 1153)
375:(d. 1095)
287:Old Norse
112:Old Norse
2172:(2004).
1883:30007421
1733:(2004).
1581:Longmans
893:UĂ ĂŤmair
340:Ancestry
310:de Lacys
201:beheaded
144:was the
127:Galloway
1942:1219?)"
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219:1219).
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1247:, 2007
1100:fn 184
1076:fn 184
973:
859:Norman
612:Fergus
257:castle
205:Liffey
174:Dublin
64:Father
42:Spouse
1879:JSTOR
1838:Brill
1464:fn 34
842:Notes
233:Ulaid
2375:ISBN
2220:ISBN
2156:ISBN
1923:ISBN
1900:ISBN
1866:Ériu
1852:ISSN
1842:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1235:2011
971:ISBN
874:(d.
737:11.
702:22.
610:10.
330:Ards
239:and
215:(d.
2342:doi
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1958:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
