Guðrøðr Óláfsson

328: 56: 422:. According to the chronicle, Óláfr had been confronted by three Dublin-based nephews—the Haraldssonar—the sons of his exiled brother, Haraldr. After hearing the demands of these men—that half of the kingdom should be handed over to them—a formal council was convened in which one of the Haraldssonar slew Óláfr himself. In the resulting aftermath, the chronicle relates that the Haraldssonar partitioned the island amongst themselves. Whether the men attained any form of authority in the rest of the Isles is unknown. Once in control, the chronicle reveals that the men fortified themselves against forces loyal to Guðrøðr, the kingdom's legitimate heir, by launching a preemptive strike against his maternal grandfather, Fergus. Although the invasion of Galloway was repulsed with heavy casualties, once the Haraldssonar returned to Mann the chronicle records that they slaughtered and expelled all resident 324:. Several contemporary sources concerning Fergus' descendants suggest that he was married to an illegitimate daughter of Henry I, and that this woman was the mother of at least some of his offspring, including Affraic herself. Although the union between Guðrøðr's parents is not dated in contemporary sources, it appears to have been arranged in the 1130s or 1140s. The marital alliance forged between Óláfr and Fergus gave the Crovan dynasty valuable familial-connections with the English Crown, one of the most powerful monarchies in western Europe. As for Fergus, the union bound Galloway more tightly to a neighbouring kingdom from which an invasion had been launched during the overlordsship of Magnús. The alliance with Óláfr also ensured Fergus the protection of one of Britain's most formidable fleets, and further gave him a valuable ally outside the orbit of the Scottish Crown. 1235: 1273: 703: 565: 602: 1458: 651: 1619:

uncertain if the chronicle has preserved an accurate account of events, as the Islesmen are stated to have chosen Rǫgnvaldr to rule instead, because unlike Óláfr svarti, who was only a child at the time, Rǫgnvaldr was a hardy young man fully capable to reign as king. One possibility is that Guðrøðr may have intended for Rǫgnvaldr to temporarily rule as a lieutenant of sorts until Óláfr svarti was able to hold sway himself. Although Rǫgnvaldr appears to have later forged an alliance with the Meic Somairle, and may have temporarily reunited the entire Kingdom of the Isles under his own leadership, he was later opposed by Óláfr svarti, and the ensuing violent conflict between Guðrøðr's descendants carried on to further generations.

1087: 1513:. Robert's account of the meeting indicates that the kings of the Isles were obligated to render tribute to newly crowned kings of Norway. It is possible that Reginald followed Guðrøðr into exile after the latter's defeat to Somairle. Reginald's successor was Christian, an Argyllman who appears to have been appointed by Somairle or his sons. The fact that Christian did not receive acknowledgement from the Archbishop of Niðaróss could be evidence that Reginald remained in Norway. The apparent antipathy between Guðrøðr and Christian may be evidenced by the fact that it was Silvan, Abbot of Rievaulx—and not Christian—who conducted the marriage ceremony of Guðrøðr and Findguala during Vivian's visit in 1176/1177. 1454:—encompassed eleven dioceses in and outside mainland Norway. One such overseas diocese was that of the Isles, officially incorporated within the province in November 1154. Although Óláfr did not live long enough to witness the latter formality, it is evident that the remarkable overseas statecraft undertaken by Óláfr and Guðrøðr secured their kingdom's ecclesiastical and secular independence from nearby Dublin. The establishment of the Norwegian archdiocese bound outlying Norse territories closer to Norwegian royal power. In effect, the political reality of the Diocese of the Isles—its territorial borders and nominal subjection to far-off Norway—appears to have mirrored that of the Kingdom of the Isles. 272: 1489: 1426: 1204:. Guðrøðr's close relations with the English Crown may have revolved around ensuring royal protection from the English invaders of Ireland–especially considering his former control of Dublin. With the defeat of the Dubliners at the hands of English adventurers, and the ongoing entrenchment of the English throughout Ireland itself, the Crovan dynasty found itself surrounded by a threatening, rising new power in the Irish Sea zone. Despite his original opposition to the English in Dublin, Guðrøðr did not take long to realign himself with this new power, as exemplified through the marital alliance between his daughter, 1043: 485: 2701:. Ingibjǫrg was in turn a maternal granddaughter of Moddan, an eminent Caithnessman who had a son named Óttar. The fact that Moddan had a son so-named could be evidence that Moddan's wife was related to Þorfinnr's family (since Þorfinnr's father was a man named Óttar as well). If all these possibilities are correct, it is conceivable that a familial relationship such as this could have played a part in Þorfinnr's allegiance to Somairle. There may have been another factor contributing to animosity between Þorfinnr and Guðrøðr. For example, it is possible that Þorfinnr was related to 453:, suggests that Fergus may have struggled to maintain control of his lordship by the mid 1150s, and may also explain his failure to come to Guðrøðr's aid following Óláfr's death. Óláfr and Guðrøðr's turn to Ingi occurred at about the same time that Norwegian encroachment superseded roughly thirty years of Scottish influence in Orkney and Caithness, and could be evidence of a perceived wane in Scottish royal authority in the first years of the 1150s. In November 1153, following the death of David, Somairle seized the initiative and rose in revolt against the recently inaugurated 731: 627:. According to the chronicle, Somairle's fleet numbered eighty ships, and when the fighting concluded, the feuding brothers-in-law divided the Kingdom of the Isles between themselves. Although the precise partitioning is unrecorded and uncertain, the allotment of lands seemingly held by Somairle's descendants in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries could be evidence that he and his son gained the southernmost islands of the Hebrides, whilst Guðrøðr retained the northernmost. Two years later the chronicle reveals that Somairle, with a fleet of fifty-three ships, 15681: 727:, and Somairle came into the king's peace. Although the concordat between the Scottish Crown and Somairle may have taken place after the Malcolm's subjugation of Somairle and Fergus, an alternate possibility is that the agreement was concluded in the context of Somairle having aided the Scots in their overthrow of Fergus. Somairle's deal with Scottish Crown may also have been undertaken not only in an effort to ensure that his own authority in the Isles was recognised by Malcolm, but to limit any chance of Guðrøðr receiving future royal support from the Scots. 1357: 238:

itself, the territories ceded to Somairle in 1156 were retained by the latter's descendants. At some point in his career, Guðrøðr briefly held the kingship of Dublin. Although he was initially successful in fending off Muirchertach, the Dubliners eventually settled with the latter, and Guðrøðr returned to the Isles. This episode may have bearing on Guðrøðr's marriage to Findguala ingen Néill, Muirchertach's granddaughter. In 1170, Dublin fell to an Anglo-Irish alliance. The following year the ousted King of Dublin attempted to retake the town, and

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either Dubgall or Somairle became King of the Isles. Although the young Dubgall may well have been the nominal monarch, the chronicle makes it clear that it was Somairle who possessed the real power. Certainly, Irish sources regarded Somairle as king by the end of his career. The reason why the Islesmen specifically sought Dubgall as their ruler instead of Somairle is unknown. Evidently, Somairle was somehow an unacceptable candidate, and it is possible that Ragnhildr's royal ancestry lent credibility to Dubgall that Somairle lacked himself.

1162: 905: 1029:, was a relation of Somairle himself. If Muirchertach and Somairle were indeed allied at this point in time it may have meant that Guðrøðr faced a united front of opposition. If correct, it could also be possible that Þorfinnr participated in Somairle's insurrection as an agent of Muirchertach. On the other hand, the fact that Somairle and Muirchertach jostled over ecclesiastical affairs in the 1160s suggests that these two were in fact rivals. Furthermore, the fact that Þorfinnr may have been related to a previous 813: 1522: 994: 374: 203:. Throughout his career, Guðrøðr battled rival claimants to the throne, permanently losing about half of his realm to a rival dynasty in the process. Although dethroned for nearly a decade, Guðrøðr clawed his way back to regain control of a partitioned kingdom, and proceeded to project power into Ireland. Although originally opposed to the English invasion of Ireland, Guðrøðr adeptly recognised the English ascendancy in the Irish Sea region and aligned himself with the English. All later kings of the 471: 857: 845:, of Somairle's forces being drawn from Argyll, Kintyre, Dublin, and the Isles, reveals the climax of Somairle's authority and further confirms his usurpation of power from Guðrøðr. Despite the record preserved by the Icelandic annals—that Guðrøðr regained the kingship of the Isles in 1160—it appears that Guðrøðr made his actual return to the region after Somairle's fall. Although it is possible that Dubgall was able to secure power following his father's demise, it is evident from the 427:

military support, and was unanimously acclaimed as king by the leading Islesmen. He is then stated to have continued on to Mann where he overcame his three kin-slaying cousins, putting one to death whilst blinding the other two, and successfully secured the kingship for himself. Whether Guðrøðr succeeded to the throne in 1153 or 1154 is uncertain. The chronicle itself states that he overcame the Haraldssonar in the autumn following their coup.

1013:. The precise date when Guðrøðr and Findguala commenced their liaison is unknown, and the two could have been a couple for some time before their formal marriage. It is possible that the union was originally brokered as a compromise on Muirchertach's part, as a means to placate Guðrøðr for withdrawing from Dublin. The demonstrable unreliability of the chronicle's chronology, and the apparent corroboration of events by the 1264:

interest with the Meic Lochlainn, situated on his left flank. John would have almost certainly attempted to use such alignments to his advantage, whilst Guðrøðr may have used John's campaigning against the Ulaid as a means of settling old scores. The marriage alliance between Guðrøðr and John partly exemplifies the effect that the English conquest of Ireland had upon not only Irish politics but that of the Isles as well.

2705:, an Islesmen who had attained the kingship of Dublin in 1142. This act may well have represented a threat to the authority of Guðrøðr's father, and the prospects of Guðrøðr himself. Certainly, the kin-slaying Haraldssonar who slew Óláfr a decade after Ottar's accession were raised in Dublin. Enmity between Þorfinnr and Guðrøðr, therefore, could have been a continuation of hostilities between their respective families. 1021:, suggests that the Guðrøðr's adventure in Dublin date to about 1162. Such a date, however, appears to contradict the fact that Guðrøðr seems to have endured Norwegian exile in 1160/1161, and apparently only returned to the Isles in 1164. If the chronicle's date is indeed correct, Guðrøðr's inability to incorporate Dublin into the Kingdom of the Isles could well have contributed to his loss of status to Somairle. 15448: 431: 1223:), drove off Ruaidrí Mac Duinn Sléibe, King of Ulaid, consolidated his conquest, and ruled with a certain amount of independence for about a quarter of a century. Although the precise date of the marriage between John and Affrica is unknown, the union itself may well have attributed to his stunning successes in Ireland. Certainly, decades later in the reign of Guðrøðr's son and successor, 853:, before the end of the year. Almost immediately afterwards, Guðrøðr is said by the same source to have arrived on Mann, ruthlessly overpowered his brother, having him mutilated and blinded. Guðrøðr thereafter regained the kingship, and the realm was divided between the Crovan dynasty and the Meic Somairle, in a partitioning that stemmed from Somairle's strike against Guðrøðr in 1156. 792:, who had been elected to the kingship within the year. In regard to Guðrøðr himself, the saga relates that during this final battle against Hákon, Guðrøðr, at the head of one thousand, five hundred men, went over to Hákon's side. Guðrøðr's decision to abandon his embattled overlord tipped the scales in favour of Hákon, and directly contributed to Ingi's defeat and death. The young 1477:. This bishop, an Englishman named Gamaliel, may have been consecrated between October 1154 and early 1155, possibly before news of the diocesesan realignment reached the Isles. Although it is possible that Gamaliel was consecrated without Guðrøðr's approval, the bishop appears to have witnessed at least one of the latter's charters. The fact that Gamaliel was buried in 921:, the Dubliners invited Guðrøðr to rule over them as king in the third year of his reign in the Isles. If correct, such an arrangement would have almost certainly provoked Muirchertach, the Dubliners' Irish overlord. In fact, the chronicle reveals that Muirchertach indeed took exception to such overtures, and marched on Dublin with a massive host before forming up at " 2851:, a woman who seems to have borne a Gaelic name. Eysteinn was eventually recognised as Haraldr gilli's son, and it is conceivable that Eysteinn and Bjaðǫk had powerful relatives who backed their claims. In regard to Guðrøðr, it is possible that his cooperation with Ingi was undertaken in the context of avoiding having to deal with Eysteinn and his seemingly 1149:". Although the operation was one of the greatest military mobilisations that the Irish mustered in the twelfth century, the blockade was ultimately a failure, and Dublin remained firmly in the hands of the English. Ascall was the last Norse-Gaelic King of Dublin; and before the end of the year, Clare relinquished possession of Dublin to his own liege lord, 1251:

the Crovan dynasty was actually the catalyst of his assault upon the Ulaid. In fact, Guðrøðr formalised his own marriage to Findguala in 1176/1177, and it was by this union that Guðrøðr bound his own dynasty with the Meic Lochlainn, another traditional foe of the Ulaid. Another contributing factor to the alliance between Guðrøðr and John may have been the

699:. The fact that the Scottish Crown had faced opposition from Somairle in 1153 could suggest that Malcolm was sympathetic to Guðrøðr's plight. Although the latter was certainly honourably treated by the Scots, as revealed by his prominent place amongst the charter's other witnesses, he was evidently unable to secure military support against Somairle. 557:, and "the territories of Scotland". This record appears to be evidence that Guðrøðr, Fergus, and perhaps Somairle, provided ships to Muirchertach's cause. Although Toirrdelbach's forces obtained a narrow victory, his northern maritime power seems to have been virtually nullified by the severity of the contest, and Muirchertach soon after marched on 1554:

Vivian's part in the marriage ceremony of Guðrøðr and Findguala may be evidence of an attempt by the papal representative to personally reinforce a stricter rule of marriage in the region. In any case, there may be evidence to suggest that Guðrøðr had another son, Ruaidrí, who appears in a royal charter recorded as Rǫgnvaldr's brother ("

218:. When Óláfr was assassinated by rival members of the Crovan dynasty in 1153, Guðrøðr returned to the Isles, overthrew his usurping cousins, and seized the throne for himself. Guðrøðr evidently pursued a more aggressive policy than his father, and the following year appears to have lent military assistance to 2580:. Evidence of Guðrøðr's seal stems from his 1154 charter of confirmation to Furness, which states: "in order that this licence... may be firmly observed in my kingdom, I have strengthened it by the authority of my seal affixed to the present charter". No seal used by a member of the dynasty survives today. 892:, Guðrøðr's English ally and son-in-law. Although the chronicle specifically dates Ragnall's invasion to 1172, the chronological placement of the passage positions it between events dating to 1176 and 1183. This could indicate that the incursion took place in the immediate aftermath of John's conquest of 598:, as a replacement to Guðrøðr's rule. Somairle's stratagem does not appear to have received unanimous support, however, as the chronicle specifies that the leading Islesmen were made to render pledges and surrender hostages unto him, and that one such chieftain alerted Guðrøðr of Somairle's treachery. 1250:

Although the promise of maritime military support could well have motivated John to align himself with Guðrøðr, there may have been a more significant aspect to their alliance. The rulers of Ulaid and those of Mann had a bitter past-history between them, and it is possible that the binding of John to

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It is uncertain why Guðrøðr did not turn to his grandfather, Fergus, for aid. One possibility is that the defeat of the Gallovidian fleet in 1154 severely weakened the latter's position in Galloway. In fact, there is evidence to suggest that Galloway endured a bitter power struggle later that decade.

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that they could find. This ruthless reaction evidently reveals an attempt to uproot local factions adhering to Guðrøðr and his mother. Within months of his father's assassination, Guðrøðr executed his vengeance. According to the chronicle, he journeyed from Norway to Orkney, strengthened by Norwegian

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Guðrøðr's reliance upon Norwegian assistance, instead of support from his maternal-grandfather, could suggest that the attack upon Galloway was more successful than the compiler of the chronicle cared to admit. Additionally, the account of incessant inter-dynastic strife amongst the ruling family of

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seems to have been severed during a period of Irish overlordship of Dublin, at about the beginning of Guðrøðr Crovan's reign in the Isles. Before the midpoint of the twelfth century, Óláfr firmly established the Diocese of the Isles to correspond to the territorial borders of his kingdom, and seems

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sent for Guðrøðr, and others in the Isles, asking them to blockade Dublin by sea. Whilst it is possible that Guðrøðr may have been enticed to assist the Irish through the promise of financial compensation, and perhaps the possession of any vessel his fleet captured in the operation, there is reason

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In an entry dated 1172, the chronicle states that Mann was invaded by a certain Ragnall mac Echmarcacha, a man who slaughtered a force of Manx coast-watchers before being slain himself in a later engagement on the island. Although the chronicle claims that Ragnall was of "royal stock", his identity

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allege that Guðrøðr assumed the kingship of the Isles in 1160 could be evidence that, whilst in Norway, Ingi formally recognised Guðrøðr as king in a public ceremony. There is reason to suspect that Guðrøðr's support of Ingi may have been undertaken in the context of fulfilling military obligations

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had connections in the Isles, and overcame Somairle in battle at some point in the twelfth century. Although this source's account of Sveinn and Somairle is clearly somewhat garbled, it could be evidence that Sveinn aided Guðrøðr in his struggle against Somairle. With Guðrøðr gone, it appears that

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The next known bishop was Reginald, a Norwegian who witnessed the bitter struggles between Guðrøðr and Somairle, and who seems to have died in about 1170. It is possible that Reginald was consecrated in Norway in 1153/1154, and that the York-backed Gamaliel was compelled to resign the see to him.

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of the Isles appears to have been vacant at the same time of Dublin's ecclesiastical ascendancy. In consequence, without a consecrated bishop of its own, Óláfr's diocese seems to have been in jeopardy of falling under Dublin's increasing authority. Moreover, in 1152, David I attempted to have the

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At one point, after noting this 1156 segmentation, the chronicle laments the "downfall" of the Kingdom of the Isles from the time Somairle's sons "took possession of it". One possibility is that this statement is evidence that members of the Meic Somairle held a share of the kingdom before their

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could reveal that Þorfinnr himself was opposed to Muirchertach's foreign overlordship. If Guðrøðr's difficulties in Dublin indeed date to a period just before Somairle's coup, the cooperation of men like Þorfinnr could be evidence that Dubgall—on account of his mother's ancestry and his father's

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Nicholas Breakspeare, an Englishman who became Pope Adrian IV in 1154, was instrumental in the foundation of the new archdiocese. He apparently favoured Ingi as king over the latter's sibling co-rulers, Sigurðr and Eysteinn. Guðrøðr's 1152/1153 stay in Scandinavia appears to have coincided with

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of Guðrøðr. As for Ívarr, nothing further is recorded of him, although it is possible that his mother was also the product of an uncanonical liaison. During the twelfth century, the Church sought to emphasise the sanctity of marriage, and took steps to combat concubinage. As such, the record of

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dynast Áed Méith in 1177. The latter certainly clashed with John before the end of the century, and the strife between the Uí Néill and Meic Lochlainn continued on for decades. In any case, the unions meant that John was protected on his right flank by Guðrøðr, through whom John shared a common

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before journeying to Norway. In about 1161, Guðrøðr distinguished himself in the ongoing Norwegian civil wars at the final downfall of Ingi. Guðrøðr made his return to the Isles in 1164, in the aftermath of Somairle's defeat and death at the hands of the Scots. Although he regained the kingship

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The inscription of the vessel may date to about the time of the Crovan dynasty, possibly from about the eleventh- to the thirteenth century. The vessel appears to be similar to those that appear on seals borne by members of the dynasty. Members of the dynasty known to have borne seals include:

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in the Isles. For example, this episode appears to be the earliest record of a ruling member of the Crovan dynasty designating a royal successor. If so, such an arrangement may have been borne out of Guðrøðr's own bitter difficulties with rival claimants to the throne. On the other hand, it is

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portrays Óláfr's reign as one of tranquillity, a more accurate evaluation of his reign may be that he adeptly managed to navigate an uncertain political climate. By the mid-part of the twelfth century, however, the ageing king's realm may well have begun to buckle under the strain, as perhaps

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and Diarmait. The latter had possessed the overlordship of Dublin since Muirchertach's actions there in 1162. Within the same year as Muirchertach's fall, however, Diarmait was overcome by Ruaidrí and his allies, and forced him from Ireland altogether. Although Ruaidrí thereupon gained the

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There is reason to regard Óláfr, like his Scottish counterpart David, as a reforming monarch. Guðrøðr continued Óláfr's modernising policies, as evidenced by surviving sources documenting the ecclesiastical history of the Isles. For example, Guðrøðr confirmed his father's charter to the

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There may be reason to suspect that Guðrøðr's defeat to Somairle was partly enabled by an alliance between Muirchertach and Somairle. For example, Argyllmen formed part of the mercenary fleet utilised by Muirchertach in 1154, and it is possible that the commander of the fleet, a certain

723:, Malcolm overcame certain "confederate enemies" in Galloway in 1160. Although the exact identities of these opponents are unknown, it is possible that this source documents a Scottish victory over an alliance between Somairle and Fergus. Before the end of the year, Fergus retired to 457:. The dynastic-challenges faced by Malcolm, and the ebb of Scottish influence in the Isles, may partly account for Guðrøðr's success in consolidating control of the kingdom, and may be perceptible in the seemingly more aggressive policy he pursued as king in comparison to his father. 1505:

Reginald is the first Bishop of the Isles to be attested by the Icelandic annals, which could indicate that he was the first such bishop to recognise the authority of Niðaróss. Either Gamaliel or Reginald could have been the unnamed Bishop of the Isles who is stated by Robert's

226:, whose son, as a grandson of Óláfr, possessed a claim to the throne. Late in 1156, Guðrøðr and Somairle fought an inconclusive sea-battle and partitioned the kingdom of the Isles between them. Two years later Somairle struck again and forced Guðrøðr from the Isles altogether. 1609:

in this building's architecture indicate that it dates to about the mid twelfth century. The chapel could well have been erected by Óláfr or Guðrøðr. Certainly, their family's remarkable ecclesiastical activities during this period suggest that patronage of Iona is probable.

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Upon Guðrøðr's death the chronicle claims that he left instructions for his younger son, Óláfr svarti, to succeed to the kingship since he had been born "in lawful wedlock". On one hand, this record could be evidence that Guðrøðr continued to advance the institution of

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1. Either Somairle or Dubgall gained the kingship from Guðrøðr in 1156. Whilst it is possible that Dubgall was the nominal monarch, it is evident that the real power was possessed by Somairle, and Irish sources certainly regarded the latter as king later in his

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states that "the threat of English domination, inspired by the successes of the English, made the men of the Isles act all the more quickly, and with the wind in the north-west they immediately sailed about thirty ships full of warriors into the harbour of the

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is otherwise uncertain. One possibility is that this man's final adventure was somehow related to the dramatic fall of Norse-Gaelic Dublin in the preceding years. He could have possessed a connection with the former rulers of the town, as a distant relative of

1545:. Although the chronicle specifically states that Findguala was Óláfr svarti's mother, and that he had been born before his parents' formalised marriage, the mothers of the other three children are unknown or uncertain. According to the anonymous praise-poem 989:

plundered Dublin and gained dominance over the inhabitants. The payment reveals that the Dubliners recognised Diarmait's overlord, Muirchertach, as their own overlord, which in turn suggests that the price for peace was Guðrøðr's removal from the kingship.

929:". Whilst in control of Dublin, Guðrøðr and the defending Dubliners are stated to have repulsed a force of three thousand horsemen under the command of a certain Osiblen. After the latter's fall, Muirchertach and his remaining host retired from the region. 2843:

Eysteinn's absence from the region, when the latter was occupied in predatory campaigns in Orkney, Scotland, and England. Eysteinn may have had Hebridean connections since saga evidence reveals that he first appeared in Norway claiming to be a son of

2565:

According to the chronicle, Haraldr had been castrated by at some point in the late 1090s. If correct, it would seem that the Haraldssonar were at least in their fifties when they confronted their uncle, a man who must have been at least in his late

1116:. If so, this source would appear to be evidence that the Dubliners had retained close links with the Isles. Whatever the case, within weeks of Diarmait's death early in May 1171, Ascall made his return to Dublin. The account of events recorded by 2661:

Ascall was a member of the Meic Torcaill. If Ragnall was indeed a member of this family, his name could indicate that he was a son of Echmarcach Mac Torcaill, a man who—along with his brother Aralt—witnessed a charter of Diarmait between 1162 and

299:, appears to have succeeded to the kingship, he was soon forced to contend with factions supporting his younger brothers: Haraldr, and Óláfr. Although he successfully dealt with Haraldr, foreign powers from Ireland intruded into the Isles, and 414:, the kings of the Isles owed the kings of Norway a tribute of ten gold marks upon the accession of a new Norwegian king. This statement could indicate that Guðrøðr rendered Ingi such a payment upon his visit to the Norwegian court in 1152. 690:

coast, as well as Guðrøðr's own familial links with the king himself, may account for the Guðrøðr's attempts to secure English assistance. In any case, Guðrøðr was unable to gain Henry II's help, and the latter proceeded to busy himself in

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attempted to dislodge the English from Dublin. In both cases, Guðrøðr appears to have provided military assistance against the English. In succeeding years, however, Guðrøðr aligned himself with one of the most powerful English conquerors,

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indicate that Ascall's forces consisted of heavily armoured Islesmen and Norwegians. The invasion itself was an utter failure, however, and Ascall himself was captured and executed. Amongst the slain appears to have been Sveinn himself.

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The fact the poem also describes Rǫgnvaldr as a descendant of "Lochlann of the ships", Conn, and Cormac,—all apparent members of the Uí Néill—could indicate that Guðrøðr's apparent marriage to Sadb represents an earlier alliance with

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to campaign against the Dubliners. In time, the source states that a peace was concluded between the Irish and the Dubliners in which the latter rendered a tribute of one hundred forty ounces of gold to Muirchertach. According to the

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For a brief duration of his career, Guðrøðr appears to have possessed the kingship of Dublin. The chronology of his rule is unclear, however, as surviving sources concerning this episode are somewhat contradictory. According to the

361:, Óláfr's daughter. There is reason to suspect that the alliance was an after effect of the Scottish Crown's advancing overlordship. The marriage itself had severe repercussions on the later history of the Isles, as it gave the 1437:

It may have been in the context of this ecclesiastical crisis in the Isles that Guðrøðr undertook his journey to Norway in 1152. Guðrøðr's overseas objective, therefore, may have been to secure the patronage of a Scandinavian

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The following year marked a watershed in the history for the Kingdom of the Isles. For not only did David die late in May, but Óláfr himself was assassinated about a month later, on 29 June, whilst Guðrøðr was still absent in

1227:, John received significant military support from the Crovan dynasty, and it is not improbable that Guðrøðr himself supplied similar assistance. In the 1190s, John also received military assistance from Guðrøðr's kinsman 1067:

high-kingship for himself, Diarmait made his return the following year enstrengthened with English mercenaries, and reclaimed the core of his lands. In 1170 even more English troops flocked to Diarmait's cause, including

365:—the descendants of Somairle and Ragnhildr—a claim to the kingship through Ragnhildr's royal descent. In the words of the chronicle, the union was "the cause of the collapse of the entire Kingdom of the Isles". 13559:

MacInnes, IA (2019). "'A Somewhat too Cruel Vengeance was Taken for the Blood of the Slain': Royal Punishment of Rebels, Traitors, and Political Enemies in Medieval Scotland, c.1100–c.1250". In Tracy, L (ed.).

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The successive deaths of Diarmait and Ascall left a power vacuum in Dublin that others sought to fill. Almost immediately after Ascall's fall, for example, Ruaidrí had the English-controlled town besieged.

746:

Having failed to secure substantial support in England and Scotland, Guðrøðr appears to have turned to Ingi, his nominal Norwegian overlord. In late 1160 or early 1161, Guðrøðr distinguished himself in the

1597:. The fact that Guðrøðr and his son, Óláfr svarti, are recorded to have died on this islet could indicate that it was a royal residence. In any case, the following year Guðrøðr was finally laid to rest on 2625:. Whether the latter was there in defiance of his father—or as a representative of him—is unknown. It is possible that discussion regarding Guðrøðr's plight was one of the factors in Uhtred's attestation. 11218:

Antonsson, H; Crumplin, S; Conti, A (2007). "A Norwegian in Durham: An Anatomy of a Miracle in Reginald of Durham's Libellus de Admirandis Beati Cuthberti". In Smith, BB; Taylor, S; Williams, G (eds.).

2688:. The fact that the chronicle describes her as Muirchertach's granddaughter without mentioning her father could indicate that the union was envisioned as a bond with her grandfather and not her father. 1005:

In the winter of 1176/1177, the chronicle reveals that Guðrøðr was formally married to Muirchertach's granddaughter, Findguala Nic Lochlainn, in a ceremony conducted under the auspices of the visiting

2747:, Óláfr svarti was three years old at the time of his parents' marriage in 1176/1177. As such, one possibility is that the liaison between Guðrøðr and Findguala commenced at about the time of siege. 2697:

There may be reason to suggest that Þorfinnr was distantly related to the Meic Somairle through Ragnhildr's ancestry. Specifically, it is possible that Ragnhildr's mother was Ingibjǫrg, daughter of

11252: 1079:, and effectively became heir to kingship of Leinster and the overlordship of Dublin. Later that year, the combined forces of Diarmait and Richard marched on Dublin, and drove out the reigning 13942: 2804:

worn by this particular piece may be evidence that it dates to the mid twelfth century, when horns began to be positioned on the front and back, as opposed to the sides of the headdress.

590:

The defeat of forces drawn from the Isles, and Muirchertach's subsequent spread of power into Dublin, may have had severe repercussions concerning Guðrøðr's career. In 1155 or 1156, the

753: 686:

received allowances for payments made to Guðrøðr for arms and equipment. Guðrøðr may have arrived in England by way of Wales. The English Crown's recent use of naval forces off the

1401:. For Óláfr, such an event would have threatened to undermine both his ecclesiastical authority and secular power within his own realm. As a result of Óláfr's inability to have 1062:

Later in his reign, Guðrøðr again involved himself in the affairs of Dublin. In 1166, the slaying of Muirchertach meant that two men made bids for the high-kingship of Ireland:

13834:

McDonald, RA (2016). "Sea Kings, Maritime Kingdoms and the Tides of Change: Man and the Isles and Medieval European Change, AD c1100–1265". In Barrett, JH; Gibbon, SJ (eds.).

11456: 12057: 936:. Unlike the previous source, however, this one dates the episode to 1162. Specifically, Muirchertach's forces are recorded to have devastated the Ostman lands of " 17033: 876:

Another possibility is that Ragnall's attack was somehow related to events in northern Ireland, where the Meic Lochlainn lost hold of the Cenél nEógan kingship to

14242: 16223: 944:" before his host of horsemen were repulsed. Despite the difference in their chronologies, both accounts refer to similar military campaigns, and the uncertain 16218: 15214:

Williams, G (2007). "'These People were High-Born and Thought Well of Themselves': The Family of Moddan of Dale". In Smith, BB; Taylor, S; Williams, G (eds.).

516: 219: 12674: 866: 410:

in 1152, where Guðrøðr rendered homage to the Norwegian king, and seemingly secured recognition of the royal inheritance of the Isles. According to Robert's

14764: 14655: 14304:Ó Mainnín, MB (1999). "'The Same in Origin and in Blood': Bardic Windows on the Relationship between Irish and Scottish Gaels in the Period c. 1200–1650". 14029: 13803:

McDonald, RA (2012). "The Manx Sea Kings and the Western Oceans: The Late Norse Isle of Man in its North Atlantic Context, 1079–1265". In Hudson, B (ed.).

13191: 12900: 12860: 12820: 12538: 12498: 12458: 12418: 11325: 11831:

Caldwell, DH; Hall, MA; Wilkinson, CM (2009). "The Lewis Hoard of Gaming Pieces: A Re-examination of Their Context, Meanings, Discovery and Manufacture".

1651: 594:

reveals that Somairle conducted a coup against Guðrøðr, specifying that Þorfinnr Óttarsson, one of the leading men of the Isles, produced Somairle's son,

288: 1389:. Such changes may have been orchestrated as a means to further distance his diocese from that of Dublin, where diocesan bishops were consecrated by the 10290: 1345:

in England. The chronicle also notes that a monastery was constructed on these lands, and that the lands eventually passed into the possession of the

10834: 1397:. Dublin's political and economic ties with the Isles could have meant that the Bishop of the Isles was now in danger of becoming subordinate to the 674:

Contemporaneous sources reveal that, upon his expulsion, Guðrøðr attempted to garner royal support in England and Scotland. For example, the English

385:. Comprising some four sets, the pieces are thought to have been crafted in Norway in the twelfth- and thirteenth centuries. They were uncovered in 972:. According this account preserved by this source, after Muirchertach's setback at Dublin and subsequent withdrawal in 1162, he left the forces of 1474: 16310: 2685: 1533:. The fact Guðrøðr and his son, Óláfr svarti, are recorded to have died on the islet could be evidence that it was the site of a royal residence. 1443: 1231:. Like Guðrøðr, Donnchad was a grandson of Fergus, and it possible that John's marriage to Affrica accounts for Donnchad's cooperation with him. 327: 15452: 13292:

Survival and Success on Medieval Borders: Cistercian Houses in Medieval Scotland and Pomerania From the Twelfth to the Late Fourteenth Century

13415: 2537: 896:

in 1177. Therefore, it is conceivable that Ragnall embarked upon his invasion whilst Guðrøðr was absent from Mann assisting John in Ireland.

13972: 13532: 12666: 55: 15945: 11654:

Beuermann, I (2014). "No Soil for Saints: Why was There No Native Royal Martyr in Man and the Isles". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.).

1442:

willing to protect the Diocese of the Isles. Certainly, Guðrøðr's stay in Norway coincided with the Scandinavian visit of the papal legate

524: 13682:

McDonald, RA (1995). "Images of Hebridean Lordship in the Late Twelfth and Early Thirteenth Centuries: The Seal of Raonall Mac Sorley".

11561:

Beuermann, I (2009). "Review of RA McDonald, Manx Kingship in its Irish Sea Setting, 1187–1229: King Rǫgnvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty".

1136: 16333: 15954: 14997:

Valante, MA (2010). "Review of RA McDonald, Manx Kingship in Its Irish Sea Setting, 1187–1229: King Rǫgnvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty".

13313:

Jennings, A (2017). "Three Scottish Coastal Names of Note: Earra-Ghàidheal, Satíriseið, and Skotlandsfirðir". In Worthington, D (ed.).

1228: 222:

in the latter's bid for the high-kingship of Ireland. Not long afterwards, Guðrøðr faced a dynastic challenge from his brother-in-law,

130: 16157: 15490: 11792:

Caldwell, DH (2016). "The Sea Power of the Western Isles of Scotland in the Late Medieval Period". In Barrett, JH; Gibbon, SJ (eds.).

10685:

The Great Rolls of the Pipe for the Second, Third, and Fourth Years of the Reign of King Henry the Second, A.D. 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158

1760: 1104:, Ascall and many of the Dubliners managed to escape by fleeing to the "northern islands". On one hand, this term could well refer to 1063: 280: 239: 196: 168: 15588: 2911:

in the thirteenth century. The earliest evidence of ecclesiastical structures on the islet date to the tenth- and eleventh centuries.

350: 223: 15218:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 129–152. 14800:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 215–223. 11223:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 195–226. 2612:

is 1157. Whatever the year, the weather conditions must have been particularly good to permit a naval battle at this time of season.

11727: 2528:

In specific regard to Guðrøðr, for example, the kinship between him and Henry I's maternal grandson, and eventual royal successor,

259:. Although Guðrøðr may have attempted to avert any succession disputes between his descendants, Rǫgnvaldr and his younger brother, 11948:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 65–80. 11658:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 81–95. 11477: 11246: 10575:

Flateyjarbok: En Samling af Norske Konge-Sagaer med Indskudte Mindre Fortællinger om Begivenheder i og Udenfor Norse Same Annaler

986: 13998:

McLeod, W (2002). "Rí Innsi Gall, Rí Fionnghall, Ceannas nan Gàidheal: Sovereignty and Rhetoric in the Late Medieval Hebrides".

13784:

McDonald, RA (2008). "Man, Ireland, and England: The English Conquest of Ireland and Dublin-Manx Relations". In Duffy, S (ed.).

10040: 873:, a family that possessed royal power in Dublin as late as the English conquest, and evidently possessed some lands afterwards. 16439: 12297:

Duffy, S (1995). "The First Ulster Plantation: John de Courcy and the Men of Cumbria". In Berry, T; Frame, R; Simms, K (eds.).

1068: 1051: 16250: 13374:(1969). "The Payments From the Hebrides and Isle of Man to the Crown of Norway, 1153–1263: Annual Ferme or Feudal Casualty?". 11187:

Abrams, L (2007). "Conversion and the Church in the Hebrides in the Viking Age". In Smith, BB; Taylor, S; Williams, G (eds.).

10878:

The Annals of Roger de Hoveden: Comprising the History of England and of Other Countries of Europe, From A.D. 732 to A.D. 1201

1234: 389:

in the early nineteenth century. Some of the pieces may have arrived in the Isles as a result of Guðrøðr's return from Norway.

16434: 15417: 15382: 15346: 15245: 15223: 15084: 15057: 14960: 14871: 14805: 14622: 14422: 14285: 14252: 14082: 13886: 13851: 13824: 13793: 13774: 13755: 13736: 13672: 13569: 13513: 13479: 13334: 13303: 13235: 13070: 12972: 12941: 12652: 12202: 12193:. Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and Scandinavian Studies. Aberdeen: Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies and The Centre for Celtic Studies, 11953: 11934: 11813: 11693: 11663: 11621: 11228: 11200: 10649: 10563: 2702: 16374: 16172: 15521: 12078: 850: 17053: 17028: 14590: 11944:

Crawford, BE (2014). "The Kingdom of Man and the Earldom of Orkney—Some Comparisons". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.).

11885: 11877: 11288: 10555: 2698: 1377: 13746:

McDonald, RA (2007a). "Dealing Death From Man: Manx Sea Power in and around the Irish Sea, 1079–1265". In Duffy, S (ed.).

10601:. Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Record Series. Kendal: T Wilson & Son – via 2779:". This record appears to indicate that, although the two men were not related by blood, they had been nursed by the same 1272: 16303: 15680: 11151: 10952: 1238:

The name of Guðrøðr's wife, Findguala Nic Lochlainn, as it appears on folio 40r of British Library Cotton Julius A VII: "

1080: 702: 16652: 15784: 11632: 300: 31: 14688: 14259: 10674: 15849: 13639:

The Norse in Islay: A Settlement Historical Case-Study for Medieval Scandinavian Activity in Western Maritime Scotland

564: 15314: 15295: 15276: 15185: 14979: 14933: 14844: 14746: 14539: 14516: 14497: 14231: 14142: 14123: 14104: 13361: 13170: 13134: 12995: 12802: 12744: 12633: 12606: 12579: 12400: 12365: 12310: 12222: 12179: 12133: 12114: 12072: 12024: 12005: 11716: 11471: 11369: 11307: 11260: 11004: 10848: 10338: 10244: 1446:, a man who had been tasked to create Norwegian and Swedish ecclesiastical provinces in order to further extend the 561:, gained overlordship over the Dubliners, and effectively secured himself the high-kingship of Ireland for himself. 15938: 15324:

Woolf, A (2005). "The Origins and Ancestry of Somerled: Gofraid mac Fergusa and 'The Annals of the Four Masters'".

15162: 14000: 11418:

Barrow, GWS (1995). "Witnesses and the Attestation of Formal Documents in Scotland, Twelfth–Thirteenth Centuries".

1402: 1205: 1169: 601: 419: 248: 16121: 15377:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. 13508:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. 13065:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. 2635:

father's demise. It could even be evidence that it was not Somairle who had possessed the partition, but his sons.

1473:

Despite the ecclesiastical reorientation, the next Bishop of the Isles known from Manx sources was consecrated by

1140:

to suspect that the Islesmen were disquieted by prospect of permanent English authority in the region. Certainly,

296: 16187: 15538: 13943:"A Note on Grey Abbey and Other Religious Foundations on Strangford Lough Affiliated to the Abbeys of Cumberland" 11537:"Review of RA McDonald, Manx Kingship in its Irish Sea Setting, 1187–1229: King Rǫgnvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty" 2589:

An alternate possibility is that the annal does not refer to Galloway at all, and that it actually refers to the

1224: 1122: 735: 683: 407: 256: 211: 135: 17: 16296: 16240: 14175:

Oram, RD (1993). "A Family Business? Colonisation and Settlement in Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century Galloway".

12389:

Seanchas: Studies in Early and Medieval Irish Archaeology, History and Literature in Honour of Francis J. Byrne

11767: 11638: 11160: 1567: 1457: 679: 13009:. Centre for Manx Studies Monographs (series vol. 2). Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 437–448. 2556:" ("For the aforesaid king is the cousin of the English king on the side of Matilda the empress, his mother"). 263:, eventually fought each other over the throne, and the resulting conflict carried on into later generations. 16096: 15774: 15581: 12171: 10254: 2844: 1579:

Many anecdotes about him worthy of being remembered could be told, which for brevity's sake we have omitted.

650: 15357: 2675:

reports that the Dubliners rendered Muirchertach the kingship and gave him one thousand, two hundred cattle.

695:. Guðrøðr next appears on record in Scotland, the following year, when he witnessed a charter of Malcolm to 16602: 16470: 16424: 15799: 12795:

Irish Society, Anglo-Norman Settlers, Angevin Kingship: Interactions in Ireland in the Late Twelfth Century

12624:

Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.).

11191:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: 10298: 2775:

One of the witnesses recorded by this charter is a certain Gilla Críst described as Guðrøðr's "brother and

1451: 454: 16939: 12144: 10855: 17048: 15931: 15049: 11270: 2758: 1294: 1193: 399: 16379: 16255: 16566: 16126: 12987: 11759: 11681: 11381: 10890: 10134: 2829:, and therefore means "of the Southern Isles", in reference to Mann and the Hebrides as opposed to the 2234: 1450:'s authority into the northern European periphery. Eventually the newly created Norwegian province—the 1346: 1034:

power—was advanced as a royal candidate in an effort to counter Muirchertach's overlordship of Dublin.

537: 13838:. The Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph. Milton Park, Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 333–349. 13534:

Data Structure Report: Geophysical Survey and Excavation at Dundrum Castle, County Down, 2012 and 2013

2387:

Since the 1990s, academics have accorded Guðrøðr various personal names in English secondary sources:

877: 16909: 16667: 16399: 16394: 15859: 15507: 14635:'The King is Dead': The Thanatology of Kings in the Old Norse Synoptic Histories of Norway, 1035–1161 13345: 12662: 11751: 11608:

Beuermann, I (2010). "'Norgesveldet?' South of Cape Wrath? Political Views Facts, and Questions". In

11563: 11496:

Beuermann, I (2002). "Metropolitan Ambitions and Politics: Kells-Mellifont and Man & the Isles".

11130: 10934: 10641: 10115: 2529: 1419: 1382: 1350: 1150: 1086: 1010: 628: 354: 16270: 16228: 13007:

Excavations on St Patrick's Isle, Peel, Isle of Man 1982–88: Prehistoric, Viking, Medieval and Later

789: 17038: 16977: 16929: 16429: 15574: 15094:

Wadden, P (2014). "Cath Ruis na Ríg for Bóinn: History and Literature in Twelfth-Century Ireland".

14883: 14824: 14614: 14157: 13551: 13114: 13016: 10916: 10767: 10542: 10508: 10474: 10440: 10406: 10372: 10320: 10282: 10070: 2261: 1390: 520: 435: 321: 304: 291:. Following Guðrøðr Crovan's death in 1095, there is a period of uncertainty in the history of the 200: 271: 17043: 16505: 16101: 15869: 15794: 15764: 15754: 13600: 12726: 12349: 12321: 12279: 10840: 10139: 1606: 748: 16260: 15713: 13492:

Early Ecclesiastical Sites in the Northern Isles and Isle of Man: An Archaeological Field Survey

623:

Late in 1156, on the night of 5/6 January, Somairle and Guðrøðr finally clashed in a bloody but

16735: 16617: 16449: 16061: 15804: 12194: 11926: 10602: 10596: 10088: 2671:

Following Muirchertach's defeat of Toirrdelbach in 1154, and the former's march on Dublin, the

1488: 358: 16404: 15854: 15844: 15821: 15648: 14384: 10822:

Monumenta de Insula Manniæ; or, A Collection of National Documents Relating to the Isle of Man

527:. In 1154, the forces of Toirrdelbach and Muirchertach met in a major conflict fought off the 398:

evidenced by the depredations wrought on the Scottish mainland by Óláfr's leading ecclesiast,

16853: 16809: 16414: 16319: 16245: 16192: 15779: 15197:

Land Assessment and Military Organisation in the Norse Settlements in Scotland, c.900–1266 AD

14925: 14836: 12058:"At the Crossroads of Power and Cultural Influence: Manx Archaeology in the High Middle Ages" 11784: 11170: 2577: 2552:

Est enim prædictus rex consanguineus regis Anglorum ex parte Matildis imperatricis matris suæ

777: 739: 498: 16858: 16051: 15900: 15339:

The World of the Galloglass: Kings, Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600

13748:

The World of the Galloglass: Kings, Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600

12645:

The World of the Galloglass: Kings, Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600

11780:

Cill- Names and Saints in Argyll: A Way Towards Understanding the Early Church in Dál Riata?

1372:. Little is known of its early history, although its origins may well lie with the Uí Ímair 17023: 16884: 16551: 16526: 16444: 16389: 16353: 16182: 16177: 16091: 15958: 15884: 15789: 15769: 15511: 15177: 13471: 13161:(2003). "The Norwegian Kingdom: Succession Disputes and Consolidation". In Helle, K (ed.). 12756: 10924: 10346: 10328: 2921: 2868:. Of the eleven dioceses, five were centred in Norway and six in colonies overseas (two in 1594: 1549:, Rǫgnvaldr's mother was Sadb, an otherwise unknown Irishwoman who may have been a wife or 1530: 1430: 1425: 1398: 1369: 1189: 1173: 1100: 860:

The remains of a cross-shaft uncovered on Iona, once thought to be associated with Guðrøðr.

595: 568: 292: 192: 93: 62: 16696: 15864: 15653: 15637: 14451:

Purcell, E (2003–2004). "The Expulsion of the Ostmen, 1169–71: The Documentary Evidence".

14385:"Meeting in Norway: Norse-Gaelic Relations in the Kingdom of Man and the Isles, 1090–1270" 11048: 11028: 2548:

notes that Guðrøðr and Henry II were related by blood through Matilda, stating in Latin: "

1042: 793: 8: 16741: 16707: 16571: 16561: 16556: 16213: 16136: 16071: 16066: 16046: 15972: 15905: 15895: 15874: 15718: 15288:

Ecclesia Nidrosiensis, 1153–1537: Søkelys på Nidaroskirkens og Nidarosprovinsens Historie

13315:

The New Coastal History: Cultural and Environmental Perspectives From Scotland and Beyond

13228:

Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic

13180: 12302: 11302:. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 11145: 11134: 10946: 10928: 10876: 10797: 10761: 10082: 2294: 1602: 1492:

The name of Reginald as it appears on folio 50v of British Library Cotton Julius A VII: "

1461:

The name of Gamaliel as it appears on folio 50v of British Library Cotton Julius A VII: "

1439: 1386: 1302: 1277: 973: 816: 785: 402:. Confirmation of Óláfr's concern over the royal succession may well be preserved by the 234: 16495: 16265: 15703: 13977:

Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archæological Society

13950:

Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archæological Society

13767:

Manx Kingship in its Irish Sea Setting, 1187–1229: King Rǫgnvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty

13127:

The English in the Twelfth Century: Imperialism, National Identity, and Political Values

11743: 11112: 10972: 10805: 10573: 16904: 16889: 16794: 16689: 16490: 16409: 16111: 16106: 16030: 16020: 15738: 15723: 15670: 15631: 15129: 15032: 15016: 14999: 14900: 14570: 14464: 14371: 14355: 14192: 13929: 13913: 13892: 13808: 13715: 13699: 13545: 13506:

Clerics and Clansmen: The Diocese of Argyll between the Twelfth and Sixteenth Centuries

13454: 13438: 13399: 13383: 13318: 13295: 13278: 13262: 13033: 12781: 12707: 12691: 12262: 12246: 12235:

Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171".

11864: 11848: 11596: 11580: 11515: 11435: 11398: 11379:

Barrow, GWS (1994). "The Date of the Peace between Malcolm IV and Somerled of Argyll".

11136:

Sturlunga Saga Including the Islendinga Saga of Lawman Sturla Thordsson and Other Works

11108: 11088: 11068: 10872: 10783: 10715: 10618: 10610: 10228: 10155: 10129: 2649: 2622: 2609: 2088: 1406: 1256: 706:

The name of Fergus as it appears on folio 35v of British Library Cotton Julius A VII: "

687: 624: 572: 506: 303:

seized control of the kingdom. At some point, Óláfr was entrusted to the protection of

230: 16657: 16085: 15890: 15879: 15759: 14696:

Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society

14062: 12589:

Duffy, S (2005b). "Town and Crown: The Kings of England and Their City of Dublin". In

11923:

By Poetic Authority: The Rhetoric of Panegyric in Gaelic Poetry of Scotland to c. 1700

10195: 2604:

The chronicle dates the battle to the year 1156. Since the start of a new year in the

1393:. In 1152, steps were undertaken by the papacy to elevate the Diocese of Dublin to an 331:

Guðrøðr's name as it appears on folio 36r of British Library Cotton Julius A VII (the

16924: 16919: 16784: 16576: 16546: 16510: 16235: 16152: 16025: 16003: 15981: 15923: 15815: 15733: 15708: 15620: 15597: 15528: 15497: 15413: 15388: 15378: 15342: 15310: 15291: 15272: 15229: 15219: 15216:

West Over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300

15181: 15158: 15137: 15080: 15053: 15024: 14985: 14975: 14956: 14939: 14929: 14908: 14867: 14840: 14829: 14811: 14801: 14742: 14703: 14639: 14618: 14578: 14535: 14528: 14512: 14493: 14472: 14418: 14401: 14363: 14334: 14313: 14281: 14248: 14227: 14210: 14138: 14119: 14100: 14092: 14078: 14009: 13921: 13896: 13882: 13857: 13847: 13820: 13789: 13770: 13751: 13732: 13707: 13668: 13583: 13575: 13565: 13519: 13509: 13496: 13475: 13458: 13446: 13391: 13357: 13353: 13330: 13299: 13282: 13270: 13231: 13166: 13130: 13108: 13076: 13066: 13025: 12991: 12968: 12947: 12937: 12798: 12773: 12740: 12711: 12699: 12648: 12629: 12612: 12602: 12590: 12575: 12396: 12392: 12371: 12361: 12357: 12336: 12306: 12254: 12208: 12198: 12189:

Downham, C (2013). "Living on the Edge: Scandinavian Dublin in the Twelfth Century".

12175: 12129: 12110: 12068: 12038: 12020: 12001: 11984: 11959: 11949: 11930: 11894: 11868: 11856: 11844: 11819: 11809: 11763: 11735: 11712: 11689: 11669: 11659: 11617: 11588: 11523: 11467: 11443: 11406: 11365: 11303: 11284: 11256: 11234: 11224: 11221:

West Over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300

11206: 11196: 11189:

West Over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300

11164: 11015: 11000: 10910: 10844: 10820: 10742: 10709: 10668: 10645: 10592: 10559: 10536: 10502: 10468: 10434: 10400: 10366: 10332: 10314: 10276: 10240: 10210: 10078: 10064: 10048: 1542: 1415: 1349:. Guðrøðr also granted certain commercial rights and protections to the monks of the 1306: 1076: 945: 839:

of mainland Scotland in 1164. The declaration in the fifteenth- to sixteenth-century

836: 692: 558: 440: 333: 316: 308: 260: 215: 188: 143: 122: 12237: 11536: 10785:

Liber S. Marie de Calchou: Registrum Cartarum Abbacie Tironensis de Kelso, 1113–1567

10705: 631:

and drove Guðrøðr from the kingship into exile. According to the thirteenth-century

484: 16934: 16894: 16832: 16756: 16662: 16607: 16500: 16056: 15405: 15200: 15121: 15112: 15072: 15008: 14892: 14769: 14660: 14562: 14456: 14437: 14200: 14184: 14161: 14070: 14034: 13984: 13957: 13904:

McDonald, RA; McLean, SA (1992). "Somerled of Argyll: A New Look at Old Problems".

13874: 13871:

Kings, Usurpers, and Concubines in the Chronicles of the Kings of Man and the Isles

13839: 13812: 13691: 13642: 13623: 13604: 13430: 13411: 13371: 13322: 13254: 13196: 12905: 12865: 12825: 12765: 12730: 12683: 12594: 12543: 12503: 12463: 12423: 12283: 11840: 11801: 11572: 11507: 11427: 11390: 11330: 11192: 11021: 10990: 10942: 10719: 10185: 10180: 1211:

In 1177, John led an invasion of Ulaid (an area roughly encompassing what is today

841: 764: 730: 638: 252: 15987: 15611: 15400:

Wyatt, D (2018). "Slavery and Cultural Antipathy". In Pargas, DA; Roşu, F (eds.).

14788: 14679: 14133:

O'Byrne, E (2005c). "Ua Conchobair, Tairrdelbach (1088–1156)". In Duffy, S (ed.).

14053: 13215: 12924: 12884: 12844: 12562: 12522: 12482: 12442: 11616:. Trondheim Studies in History. Trondheim: Tapir Academic Press. pp. 99–123. 11349: 1405:

formally consecrated as bishop, and his own refusal to accept one favoured by the

1381:

to have initiated the transfer the ecclesiastical obedience of the Isles from the

796:

was elected king after Ingi's death, and following the fall of Hákon, was crowned

781: 16987: 16972: 16944: 16914: 16899: 16879: 16723: 16717: 16632: 16536: 16131: 16077: 16014: 15838: 15241: 15110:(1994). "Bishops in the Isles Before 1203: Bibliography and Biographical Lists". 14850: 14734: 14545: 13223: 13122: 12384: 12168:

Domination and Conquest: The Experience of Ireland, Scotland and Wales, 1100–1300

12044: 11708: 11357: 11118: 10956: 10771: 10748: 10729: 10693: 10655: 10634: 10624: 10579: 10259: 10236: 10216: 10201: 10092: 2605: 2541: 977: 881: 633: 571:'s name as it appears on folio 16v of British Library Cotton Domitian A VII (the 15698: 14955:. Oxford Studies in Medieval European History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 14247:. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 14114:

O'Byrne, E (2005b). "Ua Conchobair, Ruaidrí (c. 1116–1198)". In Duffy, S (ed.).

13326: 13145: 11902: 17002: 16712: 16702: 16480: 16348: 16343: 16338: 16208: 15658: 15467: 14970:

Thornton, DE (1996). "The Genealogy of Gruffudd ap Cynan". In Maund, KL (ed.).

14773: 14038: 13200: 13046: 12909: 12869: 12547: 12507: 12467: 12427: 12348:

Duffy, S (1998). "Ireland's Hastings: The Anglo-Norman Conquest of Dublin". In

12034: 11334: 11274: 10801: 10789: 10689: 10683: 10614: 10124:. Publications of the Scottish History Society. Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable. 10105: 2830: 2776: 2715: 1510: 1361: 1342: 1252: 1030: 909: 889: 828: 797: 724: 502: 382: 284: 244: 204: 158: 15409: 15076: 15012: 14758: 14188: 14074: 14023: 13878: 13695: 13185: 12934:

The Transformation of the Irish Church in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries

12894: 12854: 12829: 12601:. Thirteenth Century England. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 95–117. 12532: 12492: 12452: 12412: 11431: 11394: 11319: 10763:

Annals of the Reigns of Malcolm and William, Kings of Scotland, A.D. 1153–1214

2762:. Much of the information presented by this source appears to be derived from 1562:"). There is also reason to suspect that Guðrøðr had another daughter, as the 60:

Guðrøðr's name as it appears on folio 46v of British Library Royal 13 B VIII (

17017: 16997: 16982: 16967: 16954: 16863: 16837: 16822: 16774: 16637: 16475: 16358: 16116: 15810: 15392: 15233: 15141: 15133: 15125: 15107: 15028: 15020: 14989: 14974:. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 79–108. 14912: 14904: 14815: 14707: 14664: 14582: 14574: 14476: 14468: 14405: 14367: 14359: 14338: 14317: 14214: 14196: 14013: 13925: 13917: 13861: 13711: 13703: 13667:. New History of Ireland. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 127–154. 13579: 13523: 13450: 13442: 13395: 13387: 13274: 13266: 13258: 13088: 13080: 13029: 12951: 12814: 12777: 12703: 12695: 12687: 12616: 12383:

Duffy, S (1999). "Ireland and Scotland, 1014–1169: Contacts and Caveats". In

12375: 12340: 12258: 12250: 12212: 11988: 11963: 11898: 11860: 11852: 11823: 11739: 11673: 11609: 11592: 11584: 11541: 11527: 11519: 11447: 11439: 11410: 11402: 11238: 11210: 10830: 2908: 2877: 2591: 1482: 1410: 1260: 1212: 1201: 1047: 998: 885: 870: 824: 546: 386: 362: 15664: 15435: 14854: 14711: 14649: 13816: 12754:

Flanagan, MT (1977). "Hiberno-Papal Relations in the Late Twelfth Century".

12720: 12048: 11278: 11122: 10960: 10752: 10733: 10697: 10659: 10583: 10516: 10482: 10448: 10414: 10220: 788:. With both of these brothers dead by 1157, Ingi was forced to contend with 16992: 16817: 16647: 16622: 16465: 16419: 15154: 14730: 14549: 14489: 13660: 13656: 13434: 12960: 12098: 12097:

Davey, PJ (2006a). "Christianity in the Celtic Countries Isle of Man". In

10982: 10968: 10811: 10775: 10620:

Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents Relating to Great Britain and Ireland

10380: 10096: 2852: 1478: 1334: 1146: 1091: 1026: 1006: 965: 800:

in 1163/1164. It is likely that Guðrøðr was present at Magnús Erlingsson's

759: 662:, witnessed by Guðrøðr whilst in exile in 1159. His name and title reads: " 532: 423: 378: 210:

In the last year of his father's reign, Guðrøðr was absent at the court of

16531: 15728: 15358:"The Song of the Death of Somerled and the Destruction of Glasgow in 1153" 14095:(2005a). "Mac Lochlainn, Muirchertach (c. 1110–1166)". In Duffy, S (ed.). 13843: 12735: 11805: 11466:. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 140–154. 2766:, and it is possible that this is the origin of the marriage-date as well. 1333:" (perhaps near Ballure). In the reigns of Guðrøðr's succeeding sons, the 823:, dates to the mid twelfth century, and may have been built by either the 812: 776:

reveals that Guðrøðr played an important part in Ingi's final downfall in

16485: 16384: 14733:(2000). "Hebridean Sea Kings: The Successors of Somerled, 1164–1316". In 14566: 14460: 12163: 12067:. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 81–102. 11972: 11796:. The Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph. Milton Park, Abingdon: 11703:

Bridgland, N (2004). "The Medieval Church in Argyll". In Omand, D (ed.).

11576: 11511: 2904: 2848: 1526: 1394: 1220: 1216: 1197: 1161: 1113: 869:. Alternately, Ragnall's name could indicate that he was a member of the 696: 659: 607: 554: 353:. Perhaps at about 1140, during a period when the latter was allied with 16288: 15271:. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 346–347. 15071:. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 157–181. 15036: 14896: 14798:

Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200

14375: 14069:. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 131–156. 13933: 13719: 13403: 13165:. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 369–391. 13037: 12785: 12643:

Duffy, S (2007). "The Prehistory of the Galloglass". In Duffy, S (ed.).

12266: 12220:

Duffy, S (1991). "The Bruce Brothers and the Irish Sea World, 1306–29".

11946:

Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200

11656:

Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200

11600: 11253:

The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland

10807:

Chronica Regvm Manniæ et Insvlarvm: The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys

1356: 16779: 15264: 14557:

Rekdal, JE (2003–2004). "Vikings and Saints–Encounters Vestan um Haf".

13158: 12815:"Clare, Richard fitz Gilbert de, Second Earl of Pembroke (c.1130–1176)" 12299:

Colony and Frontier in Medieval Ireland: Essays Presented to J.F. Lydon

12145:"Eleven Years of Archaeological Research at Rushen Abbey, 1998 to 2008" 12124:

Davey, PJ (2006b). "Sodor and Man, The Diocese of". In Koch, JT (ed.).

11728:"Tynwald: A Manx Cult-Site and Institution of Pre-Scandinavian Origin?" 10882: 2645: 1571: 1337:

priory of St Bees continued to receive royal grants of Manx lands. The

1325:" (Ballellin) in exchange for the church of St Óláfr and the lands of " 1298: 1177: 880:. In fact, it is possible that the invader himself was a member of the 801: 780:

in 1161. Up until 1155, Ingi had shared the kingship with his brothers

675: 251:, may have played a critical role in John's successful conquest of the 187:(died 10 November 1187) was a twelfth-century ruler of the kingdoms of 15305:

Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.).

15205: 15172:

Watt, DER (2003). "Scotland: Religion and Piety". In Rigby, SH (ed.).

14166: 13729:

The Kingdom of the Isles: Scotland's Western Seaboard, c. 1100–c. 1336

13620:

Early Medieval Sculpture in the West Highlands and Islands of Scotland

13597:

Early Medieval Sculpture in the West Highlands and Islands of Scotland

12288: 10995: 10724: 2726:, as opposed to the Isles (the Hebrides and Mann) which were known as 1521: 16962: 16827: 16789: 16729: 16612: 16009: 14442: 14434:

Earl Rögnvaldr Kali: Crisis and Development in Twelfth Century Orkney

14392: 14205: 13647: 13628: 13609: 13564:. Explorations in Medieval Culture. Leiden: Brill. pp. 119–146. 12769: 11797: 2881: 2865: 2780: 2576:

Guðrøðr himself, (Guðrøðr's son) Rǫgnvaldr, and (Óláfr svarti's son)

1550: 1165: 1108:. On the other hand, it is also possible that the term refers to the 1072: 655: 528: 14823:

Simms, K (1998) . "The Norman Invasion and the Gaelic Recovery". In

13989: 13962: 11973:"St Patrick and St Maughold: Saints' Dedications in the Isle of Man" 2821:

in mediaeval sources. This Latin term is derived from the Old Norse

1280:

as it appears on folio 46v of British Library Cotton Julius A VII: "

1208:, and one of the most powerful incoming Englishmen, John de Courcy. 993: 932:

The chronicle's version of events appears to be corroborated by the

904: 373: 307:, and spent his youth in England before his eventual restoration as 247:. Guðrøðr's assistance to John, who had married Guðrøðr's daughter, 16769: 16746: 16642: 16627: 16541: 16167: 15286:

Woolf, A (2003). "The Diocese of the Sudreyar". In Imsen, S (ed.).

13973:"A Note Upon the Connections of Furness Abbey With the Isle of Man" 12106: 11546: 10119: 2797: 2756:

The marriage is dated to 1180 by the unreliable eighteenth-century

2456: 1615: 1373: 1109: 542: 15643: 15566: 15337:

Woolf, A (2007). "A Dead Man at Ballyshannon". In Duffy, S (ed.).

14943: 13587: 856: 605:

Guðrøðr's name and title as it appears on folio 63v of AM 47 fol (

470: 16799: 16764: 16683: 16592: 14633: 13490: 12982:

Freke, D (1990). "History". In Robinson, V; McCarroll, D (eds.).

11498: 10673:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 4. London: 10337:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 5. London: 2869: 2793: 2512: 1368:

The ecclesiastical jurisdiction within Guðrøðr's kingdom was the

550: 153: 15977: 15616: 13562:

Treason: Medieval and Early Modern Adultery, Betrayal, and Shame

13245:

Jamroziak, E (2008). "Holm Cultram Abbey: A Story of Success?".

12128:. Vol. 4. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 1618–1619. 11996:

Crooks, P (2005a). "Mac Murchada, Diarmait". In Duffy, S (ed.).

11778: 1566:

describes a thirteenth century Bishop of the Isles, a man named

1341:

reveals that Guðrøðr gave lands at Myroscough to the Cistercian

438:

as he is depicted in Leiden University Library Letterkunde 191 (

430: 283:

and his wife Affraic ingen Fergusa. The men were members of the

16597: 15626: 15447: 15067:

Veach, C (2018). "Conquest and Conquerors". In Smith, B (ed.).

13731:. Scottish Historical Monographs. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. 12065:

Mannin Revisited: Twelve Essays on Manx Culture and Environment

8778:

pp. 157 fig. 2i, 188 fig. 15, 192 tab. 5, 192–193, 197 tab. 8;

2873: 2652:

sculpted stones. It may date to the tenth- or eleventh century.

1447: 1105: 1055: 769: 12895:"Ua Conchobair, Ruaidrí [Rory O'Connor] (c.1116–1198)" 11634:

The Norwegian Attack on Iona in 1209–10: The Last Viking Raid?

2621:

The next secular witness listed after Guðrøðr is Fergus' son,

1196:

in the ceremony partly illustrates the imperial aspect of the

1176:. The mannequin is looking through the window of the castle's 15375:

Slaves and Warriors in Medieval Britain and Ireland, 800–1200

14881:

Stephenson, D (2008). "Madog ap Maredudd, Rex Powissensium".

14346:

Power, R (1986). "Magnus Barelegs' Expeditions to the West".

13063:

Kings' Sagas and Norwegian History: Problems and Perspectives

2801: 1976:

1. Guðrøðr Óláfsson, King of Dublin and the Isles (died 1187)

1192:, in 1170. The participation of monarchs such as Guðrøðr and 1188:, Guðrøðr attended the coronation of Henry II's teenage son, 958: 938: 893: 541:, Muirchertach's maritime forces were mercenaries drawn from 535:

of the twelfth century. According to the seventeenth-century

13788:. Vol. 8. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 131–149. 13294:. Medieval Texts and Cultures of Northern Europe. Turnhout: 12936:. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. 12015:

Crooks, P (2005b). "Ulster, Earldom of". In Duffy, S (ed.).

11614:

The Norwegian Domination and the Norse World c. 1100–c. 1400

11114:

Heimskringla; Eller, Norges Kongesagaer af Snorre Sturlasson

10670:

Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I

2903:

It is possible that seat of Manx royal power was located at

1541:, Guðrøðr had four children: Affrica, Rǫgnvaldr, Ívarr, and 804:, and possible that Guðrøðr rendered homage to him as well. 255:. Guðrøðr died in 1187 and was succeeded by his eldest son, 12191:

No Horns on Their Helmets? Essays on the Insular Viking-age

11283:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 809–827. 11280:

The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 5, c.1198–c.1300

10578:. Vol. 3. Oslo: P.T. Mallings Forlagsboghandel. 1868. 10162:(16 December 2013 ed.). University College Cork. 2013b 1598: 820: 505:

displaying a contemporary sailing vessel. The power of the

229:

Guðrøðr appears to have spent his exile in the kingdoms of

106: 14598:

Saga-Book of the Viking Club Society for Northern Research

13147:

The Mac Lochlainn High-Kingship in Late Pre-Norman Ireland

12628:. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. 11055:(24 February 2011 ed.). University College Cork. 2011 10084:

Scottish Annals From English Chroniclers, A.D. 500 to 1286

320:

reveals that Guðrøðr's mother, Affraic, was a daughter of

12040:

Island Heritage: Dealing With Some Phases of Manx History

11020:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 4. 2920:

Other potential candidates include Somairle and his son,

12570:

Duffy, S (2005a). "Courcy, John de". In Duffy, S (ed.).

12322:"Ulster and the Irish Sea Region in the Twelfth Century" 11095:(15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012 11075:(29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008 15176:. Blackwell Companions to British History. Malden, MA: 13416:"Further Discoveries of Cross-Slabs in the Isle of Man" 13056:. Reykjavík: Stofnun Árna Magnússona. pp. 194–207. 11035:(27 April 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010 10179:. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. 10121:

A Scottish Chronicle Known as the Chronicle of Holyrood

2595:

of Arran, Kintyre, Mann, and the territory of Scotland.

1418:

and the Isles included within the prospective Scottish

1376:. Ecclesiastical interconnection between the Isles and 1071:, who successfully stormed the Norse-Gaelic enclave of 15953: 14953:

The Shape of the State in Medieval Scotland, 1124–1290

10233:

The Triumph Tree: Scotland's Earliest Poetry, 550–1350

2792:

The pictured piece depicts a seated bishop, holding a

1156: 406:, which states that Guðrøðr journeyed to the court of 13423:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

12675:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

2714:

Orkney is located in a chain of islands known as the

1601:, an island upon which the oldest intact building is 867:

Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, King of Dublin and the Isles

15267:(2001). "Isles, Kingdom of the". In Lynch, M (ed.). 14325:

Pollock, M (2005). "Rebels of the West, 1209–1216".

13622:(PhD thesis). Vol. 2. University of Edinburgh. 11758:. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: 11300:

The Papacy, Scotland and Northern England, 1342–1378

11273:(1999). "The Celtic lands of the British Isles". In 2455:. Likewise, academics have accorded Guðrøðr various 1037: 964:" may well refer to nearby locations roughly in the 15046:

Lordship in Four Realms: The Lacy Family, 1166–1241

14415:

The Story of Iona: An Illustrated History and Guide

13836:

Maritime Societies of the Viking and Medieval World

13005:Freke, D (2002). "Conclusions". In Freke, D (ed.). 12063:. In Davey, P; Finlayson, D; Thomlinson, P (eds.). 11794:

Maritime Societies of the Viking and Medieval World

10107:

Early Sources of Scottish History, A.D. 500 to 1286

849:that the kingship was seized by Guðrøðr's brother, 15362:Journal of the Sydney Society for Scottish History 14828: 14757: 14648: 14527: 14258: 14022: 13184: 13014:French, NE (2015). "Dublin, 1160–1200: Part One". 12893: 12853: 12813: 12531: 12491: 12451: 12411: 11318: 10854: 10633: 8441: 8439: 1570:, to have been of royal birth, and to have been a 1075:. Richard soon after married Diarmait's daughter, 14796:Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T, eds. (2014). "Index". 14741:. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. pp. 187–218. 12719:Ekrem, I; Mortensen, LB; Fisher, P, eds. (2006). 12667:"Argyll and the Isles in the Earlier Middle Ages" 10212:Registrum Prioratus Omnium Sanctorum juxta Dublin 6218: 6216: 968:. Another source documenting the conflict is the 831:. Guðrøðr himself was laid to rest on the island. 517:Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, King of Cenél nEógain 220:Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, King of Cenél nEógain 17015: 15404:. Vol. 2. Leiden: Brill. pp. 742–799. 13659:(2008) . "John, Lord of Ireland, 1185–1216". In 13356:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 405. 12329:Group for the Study of Irish Historic Settlement 10989:. Oslo: Norsk historisk kjeldeskrift-institutt. 7416: 7414: 6878: 6876: 719:According to the twelfth- to thirteenth-century 17034:12th-century rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles 15174:A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages 14689:"The Origins of Dundrennan and Soulseat Abbeys" 13054:Samtíðarsögur: The Contemporary Sagas. Forprent 8436: 6241: 6239: 2823: 2728: 2720: 1444:Nicholas Breakspeare, Cardinal-Bishop of Albano 1153:, who converted it into an English royal town. 757:within the thirteenth-century saga-compilation 613: 531:coast, in what was perhaps one of the greatest 349:Another alliance involving Óláfr was that with 275:Locations relating to Guðrøðr's life and times. 14033:(May 2005 ed.). Oxford University Press. 9196: 9194: 6213: 734:Nineteenth-century depiction of the forces of 615:Guðroðr Suðr eyia konvngr s(on) Olafs bitlings 16304: 15939: 15582: 15341:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 77–85. 13750:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 45–76. 13531:Macdonald, P; McQuillan, L; Young, T (n.d.). 12984:The Isle of Man: Celebrating a Sense of Place 11639:Iona Research Conference, 10 to 12 April 2012 7864: 7862: 7447: 7445: 7411: 6873: 5744: 5742: 4508: 4506: 2684:Findguala appears to have been a daughter of 2538:Robert de Torigni, Abbot of Mont Saint-Michel 449:Galloway, as recorded by the twelfth-century 311:in the second decade of the twelfth century. 15290:. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. pp. 171–181. 14972:Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography 14835:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 14768:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 14659:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 14154:The Lordship of Galloway, c. 1000 to c. 1250 14063:"Perception and Reality: Ireland c.980–1229" 13195:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 12904:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 12864:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 12824:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 12647:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 1–23. 12542:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 12502:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 12462:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 12422:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 11329:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10977:. Vol. 2. Oslo: I.M. Stenersens Forlag. 10636:Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway 9070: 9068: 6851: 6849: 6236: 6184: 6182: 4188: 2718:. In Old Norse, these islands were known as 1652:Guðrøðr Crovan, King of Dublin and the Isles 1584:— a less-than-illuminative excerpt from the 1267: 1054:. The device depicts a contemporary mounted 525:Toirrdelbach Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht 289:Guðrøðr Crovan, King of Dublin and the Isles 15246:"Manx Memorial Stones of the Viking Period" 15048:. Manchester Medieval Studies. Manchester: 14244:Domination and Lordship: Scotland 1070–1230 13344:Jennings, AP (2001). "Man, Kingdom of". In 12276:Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318 11166:The Historical Works of Giraldus Cambrensis 10930:Celtic Scotland: A History of Ancient Alban 9191: 4691: 4689: 3883: 3881: 2815: 2608:is 25 March, the year of the battle in the 2550: 1556: 1494: 1481:could suggest that he was removed from his 1463: 1327: 1319: 1311: 1301:house were granted the right to select the 1282: 1240: 950: 923: 708: 664: 580: 339: 68: 16311: 16297: 15946: 15932: 15589: 15575: 14611:The Middle Ages: A Very Short Introduction 14530:The Small Isles: Canna, Rum, Eigg and Muck 13468:Strong Bow: The Norman Invasion of Ireland 13089:"Gilchrist, Foster-Brother of King Godred" 12599:Proceedings of the Durham Conference, 2003 12574:. New York: Routledge. pp. 108–1109. 11464:Barra and Skye: Two Hebridean Perspectives 10177:Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland 10014: 10012: 10010: 7859: 7642:pp. 161 fig. 6c, 184 fig. 11, 189 fig. 16. 7442: 7253: 7251: 6820: 6818: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6062: 6060: 5739: 4503: 3824: 3822: 2686:Niall Mac Lochlainn, King of Cenél nEógain 1475:Roger de Pont l'Evêque, Archbishop of York 1229:Donnchad mac Gilla Brigte, Earl of Carrick 54: 16318: 15204: 14831:The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland 14441: 14204: 14165: 14137:. New York: Routledge. pp. 471–474. 14118:. New York: Routledge. pp. 466–471. 14099:. New York: Routledge. pp. 295–298. 13988: 13961: 13646: 13627: 13608: 12967:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 12734: 12287: 12126:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 12103:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 12043:. Manchester: George Falkner & Sons. 12019:. New York: Routledge. pp. 496–497. 12000:. New York: Routledge. pp. 299–302. 10994: 10933:. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: 10825:. Vol. 2. Douglas, IM: Manx Society. 10723: 10184: 9065: 8766:pp. 157 fig. 2i, 188 fig. 15, 192 tab. 5. 7117:p. 157 fig. 2a, 163 fig. 8d, 187 fig. 14. 6846: 6179: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5620: 5618: 5477: 5475: 1509:to have met with William and Henry II at 351:Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Lord of Argyll 224:Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Lord of Argyll 15269:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History 15199:(PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. 14739:Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages 13350:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History 11362:The Anglo-Norman Era in Scottish History 10598:The Register and Records of Holm Cultram 9322:pp. 102–103, 103 n. 10, 106, 106 n. 32; 7955: 7953: 4810:pp. 55–56, 128–129 pl. 2, 162, 204–205; 4686: 4493: 4491: 3878: 1520: 1516: 1487: 1456: 1424: 1355: 1271: 1233: 1160: 1137:Lorcán Ua Tuathail, Archbishop of Dublin 1085: 1041: 992: 903: 855: 811: 749:ongoing civil war in the Norwegian realm 729: 701: 649: 600: 563: 429: 372: 326: 287:, a Norse-Gaelic kindred descended from 270: 15309:. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. 14765:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 14656:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 14436:(MA thesis). University of St Andrews. 14030:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 13641:(PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. 13192:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 12901:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 12861:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 12821:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 12539:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 12499:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 12493:"Mac Lochlainn, Muirchertach (d. 1166)" 12459:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 12419:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 11326:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 11139:. Vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 10215:. Dublin: Irish Archæological Society. 10110:. Vol. 2. London: Oliver and Boyd. 10007: 7248: 6815: 6766: 6057: 3819: 2800:as an outer garment. The simple horned 1353:, another Cistercian house in England. 1120:and the twelfth- to thirteenth-century 1064:Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht 987:Diarmait Mac Murchada, King of Leinster 645: 240:Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht 14: 17016: 16440:Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland 15440:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 14278:Alexander II, King of Scots, 1214–1249 13153:(PhD thesis). Trinity College, Dublin. 13093:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 12855:"Mac Murchada, Diarmait (c.1110–1171)" 11147:The Register of the Priory of St. Bees 10521:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 10487:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 10453:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 10419:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 10385:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 5945: 5615: 5472: 5129: 3325: 3323: 3310: 3308: 2214: 2210: 2198: 2105: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1978: 1885: 1781: 1777: 1765: 1668: 1645: 1641: 807: 678:record that, in 1158, the sheriffs of 314:The thirteenth- to fourteenth-century 27:King of Dublin and the Isles (d. 1187) 16292: 15927: 15570: 11248:Argyll: An Inventory of the Monuments 9776:Argyll: An Inventory of the Monuments 7950: 6703:Argyll: An Inventory of the Monuments 6684:Argyll: An Inventory of the Monuments 6645:Argyll: An Inventory of the Monuments 6615:Argyll: An Inventory of the Monuments 6585:Argyll: An Inventory of the Monuments 6206:Argyll: An Inventory of the Monuments 6172:Argyll: An Inventory of the Monuments 4488: 2703:Ottar mac meic Ottair, King of Dublin 2322: 2319: 2309: 2292: 2282: 2278: 2266: 2259: 2249: 2232: 2222: 2218: 2195: 2185: 2173: 2163: 2159: 2147: 2145: 2135: 2123: 2113: 2109: 2093: 2086: 2076: 2064: 2054: 2050: 2038: 2036: 2026: 2014: 2004: 2000: 1975: 1965: 1953: 1943: 1939: 1927: 1925: 1915: 1903: 1893: 1889: 1873: 1871: 1861: 1849: 1839: 1835: 1823: 1821: 1811: 1799: 1789: 1785: 1758: 1748: 1736: 1726: 1722: 1710: 1708: 1698: 1686: 1676: 1672: 1656: 1649: 523:, an office then held by the elderly 460: 15436:"Godred, King of the Isles (d.1187)" 15151:Medieval Church Councils in Scotland 14417:. London: Canterbury Press Norwich. 13163:The Cambridge History of Scandinavia 11886:The Journal of Scottish Name Studies 11179: 11017:Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 10747:. Oslo: Julius Thømtes Boktrykkeri. 10556:Viking Society for Northern Research 10550:Finlay, A; Faulkes, A, eds. (2015). 3179: 3177: 3000: 2998: 2511:. Guðrøðr has also been accorded an 1761:Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles 1593:Guðrøðr died on 10 November 1187 on 1046:Nineteenth-century depiction of the 637:, the contemporary Orcadian warlord 515:Midway through the twelfth-century, 295:. Although the latter's eldest son, 281:Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles 15596: 15402:Critical Readings on Global Slavery 14617:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 13230:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 13047:"1236: Órækja Meiddr ok Heill Gerr" 11152:Publications of the Surtees Society 10953:Publications of the Surtees Society 6031:pp. 116 § iv, 322 § viii, 475 § x; 3320: 3305: 1157:Aligned with the English in Ireland 1081:Ascall mac Ragnaill, King of Dublin 24: 15679: 14299:. Union, NJ: The Lawbook Exchange. 12105:. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: 10711:Heimskringla: Nóregs Konunga Sögur 10690:The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty 10032: 8288:Macdonald; McQuillan; Young (n.d.) 8244:Macdonald; McQuillan; Young (n.d.) 3710:Macdonald; McQuillan; Young (n.d.) 3494:Macdonald; McQuillan; Young (n.d.) 3300:Macdonald; McQuillan; Young (n.d.) 3157:Macdonald; McQuillan; Young (n.d.) 2648:. It is similar to other Manx and 2532:, is noted by the twelfth-century 1069:Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke 1052:Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke 509:laid in their armed galley-fleets. 25: 17065: 15428: 14866:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. 14591:"Reports of District Secretaries" 14135:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia 14116:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia 14097:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia 13807:. The New Middle Ages. New York: 12572:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia 12223:Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies 12017:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia 11998:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia 11878:"The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway" 11457:"Skye From Somerled to A.D. 1500" 10948:Liber Vitae Ecclesiae Dunelmensis 10839:. Oxford Medieval Texts. Oxford: 10339:Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer 10197:The Coucher Book of Furness Abbey 9032:Antonsson; Crumplin; Conti (2007) 6079:Antonsson; Crumplin; Conti (2007) 3174: 2995: 1098:According to the twelfth-century 1038:Opposed to the English in Ireland 899: 16653:Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial 16567:Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66) 15785:Gofraid mac Amlaíb meic Ragnaill 15446: 15069:The Cambridge History of Ireland 14327:Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 14306:Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 14067:The Cambridge History of Ireland 14001:Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 13805:Studies in the Medieval Atlantic 11845:10.1179/007660909X12457506806243 11117:. Oslo: Brøgger & Christie. 10955:. London: J.B. Nichols and Son. 9995: 9983: 9951: 9935: 9923: 9875: 9863: 9847: 9799: 9783: 9756: 9732: 9720: 9708: 9688: 9668: 9652: 9636: 9620: 9604: 9569: 9553: 9541: 9525: 9509: 9477: 9445: 9421: 9405: 9393: 9381: 9357: 9345: 9309: 9293: 9281: 9269: 9253: 9237: 9225: 9213: 9171: 9155: 9143: 9131: 9092: 9053: 9041: 9025: 9009: 8997: 8981: 8969: 8949: 8929: 8917: 8905: 8893: 8881: 8865: 8853: 8829: 8817: 8797: 8785: 8769: 8764:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 8757: 8714: 8686: 8674: 8644: 8609: 8574: 8562: 8542: 8523: 8511: 8495: 8483: 8471: 8424: 8392: 8373: 8349: 8309: 8293: 8265: 8249: 8209: 8189: 8165: 8141: 8101: 8085: 8057: 8045: 8033: 8021: 8001: 7989: 7965: 7930: 7843: 7827: 7807: 7765: 7749: 7737: 7717: 7705: 7693: 7645: 7640:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 7633: 7617: 7601: 7577: 7561: 7549: 7533: 7513: 7497: 7481: 7457: 7430: 7399: 7379: 7351: 7335: 7319: 7307: 7291: 7279: 7263: 7208: 7120: 7115:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 7108: 7088: 7062: 7024: 7008: 6970: 6944: 6928: 6830: 6795: 6783: 6754: 6742: 6710: 6691: 6672: 6652: 6633: 6599: 6569: 6557: 6541: 6505: 6489: 6469: 6453: 6421: 6393: 6381: 6369: 6327: 6275: 6148: 6124: 6112: 6096: 6084: 6072: 6022: 5921: 5909: 5893: 5881: 5837: 5821: 5809: 5785: 5773: 5754: 5719: 5646: 5630: 5560: 5531: 5515: 5499: 5487: 5460: 5396: 5384: 4143:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 4127:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 4115:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 4099:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 4087:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) 2914: 2897: 2887: 2858: 2836: 2813:The diocese is generally called 2807: 2786: 2769: 2750: 2737: 2708: 2691: 2678: 2665: 2655: 2638: 2628: 2615: 2598: 1094:of the so-called Lewis chessmen. 1001:of the so-called Lewis chessmen. 912:of the so-called Lewis chessmen. 819:, the oldest intact building on 483: 469: 434:Fourteenth-century depiction of 32:Gofraid mac Amlaíb meic Ragnaill 14922:Henry the Young King, 1155–1183 11756:The Wars of Scotland, 1214–1371 11462:. In Kruse, A; Ross, A (eds.). 10675:Her Majesty's Stationery Office 9162:Ekrem; Mortensen; Fisher (2006) 9099:Ekrem; Mortensen; Fisher (2006) 9075:Ekrem; Mortensen; Fisher (2006) 8988:Ekrem; Mortensen; Fisher (2006) 6626:Reports of District Secretaries 6592:Reports of District Secretaries 5372: 5360: 5276: 5257: 5229: 5141: 5110: 5094: 5070: 5058: 5046: 5014: 4948: 4888: 4860: 4848: 4821: 4793: 4782:pp. 56, 79, 204–205, 216, 221; 4769: 4753: 4733: 4713: 4658: 4646: 4634: 4618: 4590: 4578: 4456: 4444: 4432: 4416: 4364: 4344: 4332: 4300: 4267:Ekrem; Mortensen; Fisher (2006) 4240: 4220: 4204: 4176: 4148: 4132: 4120: 4104: 4092: 4080: 4044: 4012: 4000: 3981: 3969: 3953: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3866: 3834: 3791: 3743: 3731: 3715: 3643: 3631: 3615: 3587: 3575: 3563: 3511: 3499: 3483: 3375: 3363: 3358:Ekrem; Mortensen; Fisher (2006) 3351: 3335: 3293: 3281: 2699:Páll Hákonarson, Earl of Orkney 2583: 2569: 2559: 2522: 2381: 1403:an ecclesiast of his own choice 1364:of the so-called Lewis chessmen 1219:). He reached Down (modern day 1123:La Geste des Engleis en Yrlande 985:, this peace was reached after 736:Ingi Haraldsson, King of Norway 408:Ingi Haraldsson, King of Norway 368: 301:Magnús Óláfsson, King of Norway 214:, forging closer ties with the 212:Ingi Haraldsson, King of Norway 14297:The Growth of Scandinavian Law 10836:The Life of Ailred of Rievaulx 10623:. Vol. 2, pt. 1. Oxford: 10552:Snorri Sturluson: Heimskringla 8776:Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson 2009 7921:Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905) 7798:Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905) 7684:Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905) 3265: 3249: 3189: 3162: 3010: 2955: 2936: 2796:with two hands, and wearing a 2459:in English secondary sources: 1305:. Guðrøðr granted the English 519:pressed forth to claim to the 501:(image a; detail, image b), a 13: 1: 15684:Sigtrygg Silkbeard (989–1029) 13769:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 12172:University of Cambridge Press 11320:"Swein Asleiffson (d. 1171?)" 11049:"Song of Dermot and the Earl" 11029:"Song of Dermot and the Earl" 10987:Islandske Annaler Indtil 1578 10118:; Anderson, AO, eds. (1938). 10041:"AM 47 Fol (E) – Eirspennill" 10027: 7792:pp. 164, 166 (§§ 2257–2272); 7777:pp. 165, 167 (§§ 2257–2272); 6763:pp. 150, 260–261, 260 n. 121. 4089:pp. 156 fig. 1b, 163 fig. 8e. 2845:Haraldr gilli, King of Norway 1631:Ancestors of Guðrøðr Óláfsson 1529:and St German's Cathedral on 1297:, in which the monks of this 1009:, Vivian, Cardinal priest of 266: 14789:UK public library membership 14680:UK public library membership 14054:UK public library membership 13873:. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. 13216:UK public library membership 12925:UK public library membership 12885:UK public library membership 12845:UK public library membership 12563:UK public library membership 12523:UK public library membership 12483:UK public library membership 12443:UK public library membership 12413:"Courcy, John de (d. 1219?)" 12356:. Vol. 20. Woodbridge: 11420:The Journal of Legal History 11350:UK public library membership 10810:. Vol. 1. Douglas, IM: 10632:Hollander, LM, ed. (2011) . 10156:"Annals of the Four Masters" 10138:(3 December 2013 ed.). 10130:"Annals of the Four Masters" 8745:Grainger; Collingwood (1929) 7781:pp. 135–136, 135–136 n. 24; 6296:pp. 54, 67–68, 85, 111–113; 5977:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 5932:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 5904:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 5868:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 5802:pp. 136–137, 136 n. 1, 189; 5419:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 5311:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 5176:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 3534:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 3069:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) 2930: 455:Malcolm IV, King of Scotland 48:King of Dublin and the Isles 7: 17054:Monarchs of the Isle of Man 17029:12th-century Irish monarchs 16415:Ingibjörg the Earls'-Mother 15050:Manchester University Press 13665:Medieval Ireland, 1169–1534 13599:(PhD thesis). Vol. 1. 13495:(PhD thesis). Vol. 1. 13327:10.1007/978-3-319-64090-7_7 12797:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 11783:(PhD thesis). Vol. 1. 11364:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 11154:. Durham: Andrews & Co. 7788:Song of Dermot and the Earl 7773:Song of Dermot and the Earl 6176:pp. 245 § 12, 249–250 § 12. 3804:pp. xv tab. 4, xvi tab. 5; 3756:pp. xv tab. 4, xvi tab. 5; 2864:Today Niðaróss is known as 2759:Dublin Annals of Inisfallen 2544:, daughter of Henry I. The 1622: 1295:abbey of St Mary of Furness 1194:William I, King of Scotland 400:Wimund, Bishop of the Isles 10: 17070: 16955:Associated clans and septs 14348:Scottish Historical Review 14226:. Edinburgh: John Donald. 14177:Scottish Historical Review 13906:Scottish Historical Review 13684:Scottish Historical Review 13376:Scottish Historical Review 12988:Liverpool University Press 12152:Monastic Research Bulletin 11760:Edinburgh University Press 11688:. Edinburgh: John Donald. 11382:Scottish Historical Review 11093:Corpus of Electronic Texts 11073:Corpus of Electronic Texts 11053:Corpus of Electronic Texts 11033:Corpus of Electronic Texts 10788:. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: 10347:"Diplomatarium Norvegicum" 10255:"Cotton MS Domitian A VII" 10231:; Márkus, G, eds. (1998). 10194:Brownbill, J, ed. (1919). 10160:Corpus of Electronic Texts 10135:Corpus of Electronic Texts 10104:Anderson, AO, ed. (1922). 8290:pp. 10–12 §§ 2.5.8–2.5.10. 7039:Annals of the Four Masters 7032:Annals of the Four Masters 6959:Annals of the Four Masters 6952:Annals of the Four Masters 4967:Annals of the Four Masters 4960:Annals of the Four Masters 4706:pp. 54–55, 128–129 pl. 1; 4587:pp. 27 tab. 1, 58, 67, 85. 2673:Annals of the Four Masters 2235:William I, King of England 2212: 2204: 2099: 1994: 1990: 1879: 1779: 1771: 1662: 1643: 1347:abbey of St Mary of Rushen 1015:Annals of the Four Masters 970:Annals of the Four Masters 538:Annals of the Four Masters 29: 16953: 16872: 16846: 16808: 16755: 16676: 16585: 16519: 16458: 16435:Margaret, Queen of Norway 16395:Gormflaith ingen Murchada 16367: 16326: 16279: 16201: 16145: 16039: 15996: 15965: 15914: 15860:Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair 15831: 15747: 15691: 15677: 15604: 15554: 15545: 15535: 15526: 15518: 15508:Somairle mac Gilla Brigte 15504: 15495: 15487: 15482: 15461: 15410:10.1163/9789004346611_025 15077:10.1017/9781316275399.010 15013:10.1017/S0038713409990418 14189:10.3366/shr.1993.72.2.111 14075:10.1017/9781316275399.009 13879:10.1007/978-3-030-22026-6 13696:10.3366/shr.1995.74.2.129 12665:; Brown, AL (1956–1957). 12453:"Godred Crovan (d. 1095)" 11564:English Historical Review 11432:10.1080/01440369508531114 11395:10.3366/shr.1994.73.2.222 10642:University of Texas Press 8657:pp. 72–73 § 43, 73 n. 7; 6564:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 6552:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 6528:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 6376:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 6360:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 6322:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 6037:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 5997:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 5800:Anderson; Anderson (1938) 5698:Liber S. Marie de Calchou 5693:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 5591:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 5539:Liber S. Marie de Calchou 5510:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 5447:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 5343:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 5244:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 5212:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 5198:pp. 259–260, 260 n. 114; 4957:pp. 18, 29–30, 30 n. 78; 4113:pp. 168–169, 182 n. 175; 4067:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 4053:pp. viii, 59, 62–63, 93; 3782:Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) 3526:Sigurðsson; Bolton (2014) 3330:Sigurðsson; Bolton (2014) 3025:Sigurðsson; Bolton (2014) 2907:before the seat moved to 2644:The stone is carved in a 2530:Henry II, King of England 2465:Godhfhraidh mac Amhlaoibh 2303: 2280: 2272: 2243: 2220: 2216: 2179: 2161: 2153: 2129: 2111: 2107: 2070: 2052: 2044: 2020: 2002: 1998: 1959: 1941: 1933: 1909: 1891: 1887: 1855: 1837: 1829: 1805: 1787: 1783: 1742: 1724: 1716: 1692: 1674: 1670: 1420:Archdiocese of St Andrews 1383:Archdiocese of Canterbury 1351:monastery of Holm Cultram 1268:Ecclesiastical activities 1151:Henry II, King of England 1011:St Stephen in Celio Monte 835:Somairle was slain in an 355:David I, King of Scotland 199:and Affraic, daughter of 174: 164: 152: 121: 113: 99: 87: 79: 53: 46: 41: 16430:Margaret, Maid of Norway 16380:Bethóc, Prioress of Iona 16097:Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó 15916:^ Disputed * Speculative 15775:Diarmait mac Máel na mBó 15399: 15372: 15240: 15213: 15194: 15171: 15148: 15126:10.3366/inr.1994.45.2.99 15093: 14919: 14884:The Welsh History Review 14880: 14822: 14795: 14755: 14646: 14631: 14615:Very Short Introductions 14509:The West Highland Galley 14450: 14431: 14412: 14345: 14324: 14303: 14294: 14224:The Lordship of Galloway 14158:University of St Andrews 14061:Ní Mhaonaigh, M (2018). 13970: 13940: 13903: 13868: 13833: 13802: 13681: 13636: 13617: 13594: 13530: 13503: 13259:10.1179/174587008X256593 13052:. In Tómasson, S (ed.). 13017:Dublin Historical Record 13004: 12981: 12688:10.9750/PSAS.090.192.220 12623: 12569: 12529: 12449: 12409: 12382: 12347: 12319: 12296: 12273: 12219: 12162: 12142: 12123: 12096: 12033: 11970: 11791: 11776: 11725: 11702: 11686:The Campbells, 1250–1513 11680: 11560: 11534: 11495: 11454: 11417: 11356: 11269: 11159:Wright, T; Forester, T; 11013: 10819:Oliver, JR, ed. (1861). 10768:James MacLehose and Sons 10760:Lawrie, AC, ed. (1910). 10741:Jónsson, F, ed. (1916). 10667:Howlett, R, ed. (1889). 10572: 10515: 10481: 10447: 10413: 10379: 10351:Dokumentasjonsprosjektet 10334:Giraldi Cambrensis Opera 10291:"Cotton MS Julius A VII" 10193: 9989: 9977: 9909: 9897: 9884:pp. 24, 46, 48, 66, 77; 9881: 9853: 9829: 9825: 9805: 9793: 9789: 9762: 9746: 9742: 9726: 9714: 9702: 9698: 9694: 9682: 9678: 9595: 9587: 9575: 9559: 9531: 9515: 9495: 9483: 9451: 9427: 9415: 9411: 9387: 9367: 9351: 9275: 9185: 9181: 9177: 9149: 9124:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 9114: 9086: 9019: 9003: 8963: 8955: 8935: 8923: 8911: 8899: 8887: 8875: 8847: 8843: 8839: 8811: 8807: 8803: 8748: 8740: 8736: 8732: 8692: 8665: 8658: 8650: 8635: 8627: 8623: 8600: 8592: 8588: 8580: 8552: 8505: 8477: 8465: 8461: 8457: 8430: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8406: 8398: 8367: 8359: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8287: 8283: 8279: 8259: 8243: 8239: 8235: 8231: 8227: 8203: 8183: 8179: 8171: 8159: 8155: 8135: 8127: 8123: 8079: 8051: 8039: 8027: 8015: 7979: 7916: 7908: 7900: 7892: 7876: 7872: 7871:pp. 145–146, 146 n. 80; 7833: 7817: 7727: 7711: 7675: 7671: 7667: 7611: 7591: 7527: 7507: 7471: 7436: 7393: 7373: 7369: 7361: 7285: 7257: 7234: 7214: 7186: 7174: 7166: 7138: 7130: 7126: 7098: 7082: 7052: 7014: 6998: 6964: 6914: 6906: 6863: 6840: 6801: 6777: 6760: 6728: 6724: 6716: 6697: 6678: 6666: 6658: 6639: 6609: 6579: 6575: 6523: 6511: 6499: 6483: 6475: 6463: 6439: 6399: 6355: 6317: 6313: 6305: 6297: 6269: 6257: 6253: 6245: 6226: 6222: 6192: 6188: 6154: 6130: 6118: 6048: 5988: 5984: 5960: 5939: 5859: 5847: 5729: 5725: 5710: 5705:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 5684: 5680: 5660: 5608:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 5574: 5566: 5551: 5546:Diplomatarium Norvegicum 5466: 5438: 5434: 5417:pp. 92, 113, 121 n. 86; 5402: 5330: 5326: 5306: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5239: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5167: 5151: 5147: 5122:Cotton MS Domitian A VII 5076: 5020: 4996: 4984: 4954: 4938: 4894: 4878: 4854: 4839: 4831: 4811: 4799: 4783: 4775: 4759: 4747: 4723: 4719: 4707: 4695: 4676: 4608: 4560: 4552: 4544: 4524: 4512: 4470: 4450: 4438: 4422: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4382: 4370: 4358: 4278: 4254: 4230: 4138: 4110: 4054: 4050: 4026: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3809: 3797: 3761: 3749: 3725: 3709: 3701: 3673: 3653: 3649: 3625: 3605: 3581: 3549: 3525: 3517: 3505: 3493: 3489: 3469: 3465: 3457: 3453: 3429: 3425: 3413: 3405: 3389: 3385: 3369: 3345: 3329: 3314: 3299: 3275: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3223: 3215: 3156: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3124: 3112: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3064: 3040: 3028: 3024: 3016: 2989: 2981: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2884:, and one in the Isles). 2540:. Henry II's mother was 2375: 2262:Henry I, King of England 2196:3. Affraic ingen Fergusa 1547:Baile suthach síth Emhna 1391:Archbishop of Canterbury 1186:Chronicle of Northampton 774:Hákonar saga herðibreiðs 754:Hákonar saga herðibreiðs 582:Dunegal filius Sumerledi 521:high-kingship of Ireland 436:Fergus, Lord of Galloway 322:Fergus, Lord of Galloway 305:Henry I, King of England 207:descended from Guðrøðr. 201:Fergus, Lord of Galloway 30:Not to be confused with 16506:Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson 16425:Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb 16102:Echmarcach mac Ragnaill 15870:Conchobar Ua Conchobair 15355: 15336: 15323: 15304: 15285: 15263: 15106: 15066: 15043: 14996: 14969: 14950: 14861: 14737:; McDonald, RA (eds.). 14729: 14686: 14608: 14589: 14556: 14525: 14506: 14483: 14382: 14275: 14240: 14221: 14174: 14151: 14132: 14113: 14091: 14060: 14020: 13997: 13817:10.1057/9781137062390_6 13783: 13764: 13745: 13726: 13655: 13601:University of Edinburgh 13558: 13488: 13465: 13410: 13370: 13343: 13312: 13289: 13244: 13222: 13186:"Henry I (1068/9–1135)" 13179: 13157: 13143: 13121: 13087: 13060: 13044: 13013: 12958: 12931: 12891: 12851: 12811: 12792: 12753: 12727:Museum Tusculanum Press 12718: 12661: 12642: 12588: 12489: 12280:Trinity College, Dublin 12234: 12188: 12055: 12014: 11995: 11943: 11920: 11875: 11830: 11750: 11653: 11630: 11607: 11378: 11316: 11297: 11245: 11217: 11186: 11158: 11144:Wilson, J, ed. (1915). 11143: 11129: 11107: 11087: 11067: 11047: 11027: 11014:Stubbs, W, ed. (1871). 10981: 10967: 10941: 10923: 10889: 10881:. Vol. 2. London: 10871: 10841:Oxford University Press 10829: 10818: 10796: 10782: 10759: 10740: 10704: 10682:Hunter, J, ed. (1844). 10681: 10666: 10631: 10609: 10590: 10554:. Vol. 3. London: 10549: 10345: 10327: 10289: 10253: 10227: 10209:Butler, R, ed. (1845). 10208: 10186:2027/mdp.39015014807203 10174: 10154: 10140:University College Cork 10128: 10114: 10103: 10077: 10039: 10018: 10001: 9973: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9957: 9945: 9941: 9929: 9917: 9913: 9905: 9901: 9893: 9889: 9885: 9869: 9857: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9774: 9770: 9766: 9750: 9738: 9674: 9662: 9658: 9646: 9642: 9630: 9626: 9614: 9610: 9591: 9583: 9579: 9563: 9547: 9535: 9519: 9503: 9499: 9491: 9487: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9459: 9455: 9439: 9435: 9431: 9399: 9375: 9371: 9363: 9339: 9335: 9331: 9327: 9323: 9319: 9315: 9303: 9299: 9287: 9263: 9259: 9247: 9243: 9231: 9219: 9204: 9200: 9165: 9161: 9137: 9122: 9118: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9082: 9078: 9074: 9059: 9047: 9035: 9031: 9015: 8991: 8987: 8975: 8959: 8943: 8939: 8871: 8859: 8835: 8823: 8791: 8779: 8775: 8763: 8744: 8728: 8724: 8720: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8680: 8654: 8631: 8619: 8615: 8596: 8584: 8568: 8556: 8548: 8533: 8529: 8517: 8501: 8489: 8453: 8449: 8445: 8402: 8383: 8379: 8363: 8355: 8343: 8327: 8303: 8299: 8275: 8271: 8255: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8199: 8195: 8175: 8151: 8147: 8131: 8119: 8115: 8111: 8107: 8095: 8091: 8075: 8071: 8067: 8063: 8011: 8007: 7995: 7983: 7975: 7971: 7959: 7944: 7940: 7936: 7924: 7920: 7912: 7904: 7896: 7888: 7884: 7880: 7868: 7853: 7849: 7837: 7821: 7813: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7771: 7759: 7755: 7743: 7731: 7723: 7699: 7687: 7683: 7679: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7651: 7639: 7627: 7623: 7607: 7595: 7587: 7583: 7571: 7567: 7555: 7543: 7539: 7523: 7519: 7503: 7491: 7487: 7475: 7467: 7463: 7451: 7424: 7420: 7405: 7389: 7385: 7365: 7357: 7345: 7341: 7329: 7325: 7313: 7301: 7297: 7273: 7269: 7242: 7238: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7190: 7182: 7178: 7170: 7162: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7134: 7114: 7102: 7094: 7075: 7068: 7056: 7048: 7044: 7037: 7030: 7018: 7002: 6994: 6990: 6983: 6976: 6957: 6950: 6938: 6934: 6922: 6918: 6910: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6867: 6859: 6855: 6836: 6824: 6809: 6805: 6789: 6748: 6736: 6732: 6720: 6701: 6682: 6662: 6643: 6624: 6620: 6613: 6605: 6590: 6589:p. 212 § 95 figs. a–b; 6583: 6563: 6551: 6547: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6519: 6515: 6495: 6479: 6459: 6447: 6443: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6387: 6375: 6363: 6359: 6351: 6344: 6340: 6333: 6321: 6309: 6301: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6265: 6261: 6249: 6230: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6106: 6102: 6090: 6078: 6066: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5956: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5915: 5903: 5899: 5887: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5855: 5851: 5843: 5831: 5827: 5815: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5779: 5764: 5760: 5748: 5733: 5703: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5685:McDonald; McLean (1992) 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5656: 5652: 5640: 5636: 5624: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5570: 5544: 5537: 5525: 5521: 5509: 5505: 5493: 5481: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5439:McDonald; McLean (1992) 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5390: 5378: 5366: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5331:McDonald; McLean (1992) 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5267: 5263: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5240:McDonald; McLean (1992) 5235: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5204:McDonald; McLean (1992) 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5135: 5120: 5116: 5104: 5100: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5064: 5052: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4992: 4988: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4965: 4958: 4942: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4882: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4835: 4827: 4815: 4807: 4803: 4787: 4779: 4763: 4743: 4739: 4730:pp. 120, 128–129 pl. 1. 4727: 4703: 4699: 4680: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4652: 4640: 4628: 4624: 4612: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4584: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4556: 4548: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4520: 4516: 4497: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4466: 4462: 4426: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4386: 4378: 4374: 4354: 4350: 4338: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4250: 4246: 4234: 4226: 4214: 4210: 4198: 4194: 4182: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4142: 4126: 4114: 4098: 4086: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4006: 3991: 3987: 3975: 3963: 3959: 3947: 3943: 3931: 3919: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3872: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3828: 3813: 3805: 3801: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3757: 3753: 3737: 3721: 3705: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3637: 3621: 3609: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3569: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3521: 3477: 3473: 3461: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3421: 3417: 3409: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3381: 3357: 3341: 3287: 3271: 3259: 3255: 3239: 3227: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3183: 3168: 3148: 3141:McDonald; McLean (1992) 3136: 3132: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3100: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3020: 3004: 2985: 2977: 2961: 2946: 2942: 2824: 2729: 2721: 1452:Archdiocese of Niðaróss 1168:of Guðrøðr's daughter, 959: 939: 625:inconclusive sea-battle 614: 195:. Guðrøðr was a son of 117:Findguala Nic Lochlainn 16450:Ragnhildis Olafsdottir 16271:Dubhghall mac Ruaidhrí 16229:Ruaidhrí mac Raghnaill 15685: 15195:Williams, DGE (1997). 14920:Strickland, M (2016). 14864:From Kings to Warlords 14774:10.1093/ref:odnb/26782 14534:. Edinburgh: Birlinn. 14511:. Edinburgh: Birlinn. 14280:. Edinburgh: Birlinn. 14039:10.1093/ref:odnb/20672 13765:McDonald, RA (2007b). 13618:Mac Lean, DG (1985b). 13595:Mac Lean, DG (1985a). 13504:MacDonald, IG (2013). 13435:10.9750/PSAS.050.50.62 13201:10.1093/ref:odnb/12948 12963:; Pedersen, F (2005). 12910:10.1093/ref:odnb/20522 12892:Flanagan, MT (2004c). 12870:10.1093/ref:odnb/17697 12852:Flanagan, MT (2004b). 12812:Flanagan, MT (2004a). 12548:10.1093/ref:odnb/50617 12508:10.1093/ref:odnb/20745 12468:10.1093/ref:odnb/50613 12428:10.1093/ref:odnb/50616 12195:University of Aberdeen 11971:Crawford, DKE (2016). 11927:Dunedin Academic Press 11335:10.1093/ref:odnb/49359 11298:Barrell, ADM (2002) . 11171:George Bell & Sons 11089:"The Annals of Ulster" 11069:"The Annals of Ulster" 10744:Eirspennill: Am 47 Fol 10603:British History Online 10200:. Vol. 2, pt. 3. 9470:pp. 296–297, 313–314; 9206:Cotton MS Julius A VII 8535:Cotton MS Julius A VII 8385:Cotton MS Julius A VII 7161:pp. 68, 71, 171, 185; 5957:Finlay; Faulkes (2015) 5766:Cotton MS Julius A VII 3993:Cotton MS Julius A VII 2816: 2551: 2489:Gofraidh mac Amhlaoibh 2477:Gofhraidh mac Amhlaíbh 1581: 1557: 1534: 1501: 1495: 1470: 1464: 1434: 1365: 1328: 1320: 1312: 1289: 1283: 1259:kingship to the rival 1247: 1241: 1181: 1095: 1059: 1002: 951: 924: 913: 888:who were opponents of 861: 832: 743: 715: 709: 671: 666:Godredo Rege Insularum 665: 620: 587: 581: 445: 390: 346: 340: 276: 69: 16854:Scottish island names 16677:Artifacts and culture 16354:Mormaers of Caithness 16320:Scandinavian Scotland 16224:Somairle mac Dubgaill 16193:Aonghus mac Somhairle 16188:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson 15780:Toirdelbach Ua Briain 15683: 15539:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson 15326:Mediaeval Scandinavia 14926:Yale University Press 14650:"Adrian IV (d. 1159)" 14295:Orfield, LB (2002) . 14065:. In Smith, B (ed.). 13971:McIntire, WT (1943). 13941:McIntire, WT (1941). 13869:McDonald, RA (2019). 13844:10.4324/9781315630755 13727:McDonald, RA (1997). 13290:Jamroziak, E (2011). 13129:. The Boydell Press. 12932:Flanagan, MT (2010). 12830:10.1093/ref:odnb/5447 12793:Flanagan, MT (1989). 12736:10.26530/OAPEN_342356 11806:10.4324/9781315630755 11785:University of Glasgow 11726:Broderick, G (2003). 11631:Beuermann, I (2012). 11535:Beuermann, I (2008). 10297:. n.d. Archived from 10175:Bain, J, ed. (1881). 10047:. n.d. Archived from 9500:Clancy; Márkus (1998) 9119:Haddan; Stubbs (1873) 7203:Haddan; Stubbs (1873) 6963:§§ 1154.12, 1154.13; 6956:§§ 1154.12, 1154.13; 6723:pp. 85–86, 85 n. 88; 4397:pp. 41–42, 42 n. 59; 2734:("Southern Islands"). 1577: 1558:Rotherico, fratre meo 1524: 1517:Death and descendants 1491: 1460: 1428: 1359: 1275: 1237: 1164: 1089: 1045: 996: 907: 859: 837:unsuccessful invasion 815: 772:. Be that as it may, 733: 721:Chronicle of Holyrood 705: 653: 604: 567: 433: 376: 341:Godredus filius Olavi 330: 279:Guðrøðr was a son of 274: 178:Affraic ingen Fergusa 16873:Battles and treaties 16527:Kingdom of the Isles 16445:Ragnhild Eriksdotter 16400:Gunnhild Gormsdóttir 16390:Cacht ingen Ragnaill 16241:Guðrøðr Rǫgnvaldsson 16219:Dubgall mac Dubgaill 16183:Ragnall mac Somairle 16178:Dubgall mac Somairle 16092:Murchad mac Diarmata 15959:Kingdom of the Isles 15790:Domnall mac Murchada 15770:Murchad mac Diarmata 15714:Blácaire mac Gofraid 15548:Notes and references 15512:Dubgall mac Somairle 15455:at Wikimedia Commons 15180:. pp. 396–410. 15178:Blackwell Publishing 14759:"Somerled (d. 1164)" 14756:Sellar, WDH (2004). 14665:10.1093/ref:odnb/173 14632:Salvucci, G (2005). 14567:10.1484/J.Peri.3.536 14461:10.1484/J.Peri.3.537 14432:Prescott, J (2009). 14024:"Olaf (1173/4–1237)" 13811:. pp. 143–184. 13637:Macniven, A (2006). 13550:: CS1 maint: year ( 13321:. pp. 119–129. 13144:Griffin, PC (2002). 13113:: CS1 maint: year ( 12990:. pp. 103–122. 12757:Archivium Hibernicum 12533:"Ragnvald (d. 1229)" 12395:. pp. 348–356. 12354:Anglo-Norman Studies 12197:. pp. 157–178. 12109:. pp. 418–420. 11833:Medieval Archaeology 11800:. pp. 350–368. 11512:10.1484/J.Peri.3.497 11455:Barrow, GWS (2006). 11195:. pp. 169–193. 10915:: CS1 maint: year ( 10891:"Royal MS 13 B VIII" 10541:: CS1 maint: year ( 10507:: CS1 maint: year ( 10473:: CS1 maint: year ( 10439:: CS1 maint: year ( 10405:: CS1 maint: year ( 10371:: CS1 maint: year ( 10319:: CS1 maint: year ( 10281:: CS1 maint: year ( 10069:: CS1 maint: year ( 9910:Williams, DGE (1997) 9896:pp. 70–71, 94, 170; 9824:pp. 70–71, 94, 170; 9695:Crawford, DKE (2016) 9050:pp. 22–23, 22 n. 21. 8581:Crawford, DKE (2016) 7923:pp. 221–222 (§ 22); 7800:pp. 219–221 (§ 21); 7686:pp. 213–215 (§ 17); 7149:p. 195, 195 n. 123; 7077:The Annals of Ulster 7070:The Annals of Ulster 6985:The Annals of Ulster 6978:The Annals of Ulster 6761:Williams, DGE (1997) 6725:Williams, DGE (1997) 6500:Williams, DGE (1997) 6484:Williams, DGE (1997) 6440:Williams, DGE (1997) 6346:The Annals of Ulster 6335:The Annals of Ulster 6314:Williams, DGE (1997) 6015:pp. 772–773 ch. 17; 6011:pp. 629–630 ch. 17; 6007:pp. 609–610 ch. 17; 5959:pp. 228–229 ch. 17; 5940:Williams, DGE (1997) 5196:Williams, DGE (1997) 4987:p. 141, 141 n. 121; 4553:Williams, DGE (1997) 4391:Williams, DGE (1997) 3315:Williams, DGE (1997) 2764:Expugnatio Hibernica 1431:Diocese of the Isles 1399:Archbishop of Dublin 1370:Diocese of the Isles 1317:" (Dhoon Glen) and " 1284:Sodorensis episcopus 1174:Carrickfergus Castle 1142:Expugnatio Hibernica 1135:records that he and 1133:Expugnatio Hibernica 1118:Expugnatio Hibernica 1101:Expugnatio Hibernica 763:. The fact that the 646:Exile from the Isles 293:Kingdom of the Isles 63:Expugnatio Hibernica 16742:St Magnus Cathedral 16618:Cubbie Roo's Castle 16562:Davidian Revolution 16405:Helga Moddansdóttir 16375:Aud the Deep-Minded 16256:Haraldr Guðrøðarson 16214:Donnchadh of Argyll 16137:Sigurðr Jórsalafari 16122:Lǫgmaðr Guðrøðarson 16107:Gofraid mac Sitriuc 16072:Lagmann mac Gofraid 16067:Thorfinn the Mighty 16047:Ragnall mac Gofraid 15875:Conchobar Ua Briain 15855:Domnall Gerrlámhach 15845:Domnall Gerrlámhach 15822:Domnall Gerrlámhach 15719:Gofraid mac Sitriuc 15649:Sichfrith mac Ímair 14897:10.16922/whr.24.1.1 14647:Sayers, JE (2004). 14484:Ritchie, A (1997). 14021:McNamee, C (2005). 13466:Kostick, C (2013). 12597:; Frame, R (eds.). 12303:The Hambledon Press 11908:on 24 November 2018 11876:Clancy, TO (2008). 11746:on 7 February 2009. 11732:Studeyrys Manninagh 11317:Barrett, J (2004). 9586:pp. 27 tab. 1; 75; 9466:pp. 27 tab. 1; 71; 9456:Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) 9316:Crawford, BE (2014) 9300:Crawford, BE (2014) 8518:Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) 8446:Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) 8108:Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) 7937:Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) 7927:pp. 265–266 (§ 22). 7903:p. 288, 288 n. 59; 7901:Purcell (2003–2004) 7869:Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) 7818:Purcell (2003–2004) 7804:pp. 263–265 (§ 21). 7746:p. 132, 132 n. 184. 7734:p. 132, 132 n. 184. 7690:pp. 256–258 (§ 17). 7668:Purcell (2003–2004) 7270:Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) 7145:p. 172, 172 n. 86; 6883:Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) 6621:Kermode (1915–1916) 6019:pp. 293–294 ch. 17. 5971:p. 112, 112 n. 43; 4681:Kermode (1915–1916) 4675:pp. 114–115 pl. 1; 4671:pp. 128–129 pl. 1; 4517:Crawford, BE (2014) 4381:p. 171, 171 n. 84; 4307:Crawford, BE (2014) 4283:Jennings, AP (2001) 3594:Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) 3554:Jennings, AP (2001) 3522:Crawford, BE (2014) 3276:Purcell (2003–2004) 3196:Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) 3117:Jennings, AP (2001) 3021:Crawford, BE (2014) 2295:Matilda of Flanders 1588:concerning Guðrøðr. 1387:Archdiocese of York 1362:bishop gaming piece 1303:Bishop of the Isles 1278:Bishop of the Isles 910:knight gaming piece 808:Return to the Isles 654:Nineteenth-century 357:, Somairle married 17049:Monarchs of Dublin 16736:Sen dollotar Ulaid 16690:Chronicles of Mann 16410:Ingeborg of Norway 16251:Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson 16173:Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson 16112:Fingal mac Gofraid 16052:Amlaíb mac Sitriuc 16031:Gofraid mac Arailt 15901:Gofraid mac Amlaíb 15739:Sigtrygg Silkbeard 15709:Amlaíb mac Gofraid 15686: 15522:Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson 15149:Watt, DER (2000). 14951:Taylor, A (2016). 14862:Simms, K (2000) . 14687:Scott, JG (1988). 14561:. 17–18: 256–275. 14526:Rixson, D (2001). 14507:Rixson, D (1982). 14455:. 17–18: 276–294. 14276:Oram, RD (2013) . 13809:Palgrave Macmillan 13319:Palgrave Macmillan 13296:Brepols Publishers 12530:Duffy, S (2004d). 12490:Duffy, S (2004c). 12450:Duffy, S (2004b). 12410:Duffy, S (2004a). 12360:. pp. 69–85. 12143:Davey, PJ (2008). 11921:Coira, MP (2012). 11777:Butter, R (2007). 11711:. pp. 85–93. 11577:10.1093/ehr/cep261 11571:(510): 1148–1149. 10974:Norges Kongesagaer 10716:G.E.C. Gads Forlag 10051:on 26 January 2016 9918:Munch; Goss (1874) 9842:Munch; Goss (1874) 9663:Munch; Goss (1874) 9647:Munch; Goss (1874) 9631:Munch; Goss (1874) 9472:Munch; Goss (1874) 9440:Munch; Goss (1874) 9438:pp. 313, 363–364; 9201:Munch; Goss (1874) 9107:Rekdal (2003–2004) 9079:Rekdal (2003–2004) 8747:pp. 94–95 § 265a; 8731:pp. 68, 196, 219; 8709:Munch; Goss (1874) 8530:Munch; Goss (1874) 8380:Munch; Goss (1874) 8318:p. 37, 37 n. 107; 8030:pp. 86, 357 n. 61. 7945:Munch; Goss (1874) 7911:pp. 46–47, 59–60; 7437:Williams, G (2007) 7328:pp. 113–114, 120; 7199:Munch; Goss (1874) 6923:Munch; Goss (1874) 6889:pp. 166, 171–172; 6737:Munch; Goss (1874) 6619:pp. 212–213 § 95; 6536:Munch; Goss (1874) 6448:Munch; Goss (1874) 6416:Munch; Goss (1874) 6282:Jennings, A (2017) 5991:pp. 420–421 n. 8; 5761:Munch; Goss (1874) 5455:Munch; Goss (1874) 5355:Munch; Goss (1874) 5252:Munch; Goss (1874) 5224:Munch; Goss (1874) 5170:pp. 143, 145–146; 5168:Williams, G (2007) 4778:pp. 341, 343–344; 4573:Munch; Goss (1874) 4483:Munch; Goss (1874) 4411:Munch; Goss (1874) 4295:Munch; Goss (1874) 4281:p. 419, 419 n. 2; 4171:Munch; Goss (1874) 4075:Munch; Goss (1874) 4027:Williams, G (2007) 3988:Munch; Goss (1874) 3861:Munch; Goss (1874) 3810:Williams, G (2007) 3762:Williams, G (2007) 3346:Williams, G (2007) 2948:Royal MS 13 B VIII 2650:Anglo-Scandinavian 2646:Scandinavian style 2610:Gregorian calendar 2485:Gofraid mac Amlaíb 2481:Gofraid Mac Amlaíb 2089:Fergus of Galloway 1535: 1502: 1471: 1435: 1407:Archbishop of York 1366: 1290: 1248: 1182: 1096: 1060: 1003: 999:queen gaming piece 914: 884:, a branch of the 878:Áed Méith Ua Néill 862: 833: 751:, as evidenced by 744: 716: 710:Fergus de Galwedia 672: 658:of the charter of 639:Sveinn Ásleifarson 621: 588: 507:kings of the Isles 461:Contested kingship 446: 391: 347: 277: 17011: 17010: 16978:Macaulay of Lewis 16511:Thorstein the Red 16459:Other notable men 16286: 16285: 16209:Óláfr Guðrøðarson 16158:Óláfr Guðrøðarson 16153:Domnall mac Taidc 16026:Maccus mac Arailt 16004:Olaf Guthfrithson 15921: 15920: 15865:Énna Mac Murchada 15850:Diarmait mac Énna 15816:Domnall mac Taidc 15654:Sitriuc mac Ímair 15638:Oistin mac Amlaíb 15562: 15561: 15558: 15550: 15536:Succeeded by 15529:King of the Isles 15505:Succeeded by 15498:King of the Isles 15491:Óláfr Guðrøðarson 15463:Guðrøðr Óláfsson 15451:Media related to 15419:978-90-04-34661-1 15384:978-90-04-17533-4 15373:Wyatt, D (2009). 15356:Woolf, A (2013). 15348:978-1-85182-946-0 15225:978-90-04-15893-1 15086:978-1-107-11067-0 15059:978-0-7190-8937-4 15044:Veach, C (2014). 14962:978-0-19-874920-2 14924:. New Haven, CT: 14873:978-0-85115-784-9 14807:978-90-04-25512-8 14787:(Subscription or 14678:(Subscription or 14640:Durham University 14624:978-0-19-101955-5 14609:Rubin, M (2014). 14424:978-1-84825-556-2 14413:Power, R (2013). 14383:Power, R (2005). 14287:978-1-907909-05-4 14254:978-0-7486-1496-7 14241:Oram, RD (2011). 14222:Oram, RD (2000). 14152:Oram, RD (1988). 14084:978-1-107-11067-0 14052:(Subscription or 13888:978-3-030-22026-6 13853:978-1-315-63075-5 13826:978-1-137-06239-0 13795:978-1-84682-042-7 13776:978-1-84682-047-2 13757:978-1-85182-946-0 13738:978-1-898410-85-0 13674:978-0-19-821755-8 13571:978-90-04-40069-6 13515:978-90-04-18547-0 13497:Durham University 13481:978-1-84717-607-3 13472:The O'Brien Press 13354:Oxford Companions 13336:978-3-319-64090-7 13305:978-2-503-53307-0 13237:978-0-19-516237-0 13214:(Subscription or 13072:978-90-04-20989-3 13061:Ghosh, S (2011). 13045:Gade, KE (1994). 12974:978-0-521-82992-2 12943:978-1-84383-597-4 12923:(Subscription or 12883:(Subscription or 12843:(Subscription or 12722:Historia Norwegie 12654:978-1-85182-946-0 12561:(Subscription or 12521:(Subscription or 12481:(Subscription or 12441:(Subscription or 12393:Four Courts Press 12358:The Boydell Press 12320:Duffy, S (1996). 12305:. pp. 1–29. 12274:Duffy, S (1993). 12204:978-0-9557720-1-6 12084:on 6 January 2017 12056:Davey, P (2002). 11955:978-90-04-25512-8 11936:978-1-78046-003-1 11815:978-1-315-63075-5 11695:978-0-85976-631-9 11665:978-90-04-25512-8 11623:978-82-519-2563-1 11348:(Subscription or 11230:978-90-04-15893-1 11202:978-90-04-15893-1 11180:Secondary sources 11022:Longman & Co. 10651:978-0-292-73061-8 10565:978-0-903521-93-2 10517:"Document 1/15/1" 10483:"Document 1/14/3" 10449:"Document 1/14/2" 10415:"Document 1/14/1" 10381:"Document 1/5/24" 9338:pp. 114–115 § 6; 9330:p. 22, 22 n. 22; 9182:Davey, PJ (2006b) 9178:Davey, PJ (2006a) 8938:p. 399 map 20.1; 8848:Davey, PJ (2006b) 8844:Davey, PJ (2006a) 8812:Davey, PJ (2006b) 8808:Davey, PJ (2006a) 8595:pp. 710–711 § 4; 8553:Davey, PJ (2006a) 8242:p. 58, 58 n. 53; 8052:Strickland (2016) 8040:Strickland (2016) 8028:Strickland (2016) 7905:Gillingham (2000) 7364:p. 14, 14 n. 69; 7137:p. 93, 93 n. 45; 6731:p. 61, 61 n. 69; 6649:pp. 212–213 § 95. 6518:pp. 57–58 n. 18; 5575:Stephenson (2008) 5138:pp. 113–114, 120. 4834:pp. 710–711 § 4; 4818:pp. 127–128, 146. 4748:Wilson, DM (1973) 4708:Wilson, DM (1973) 4129:pp. 155, 168–173. 3855:pp. 66, 75, 154; 3065:Davey, PJ (2006a) 2966:Stephenson (2008) 2855:or Hebridean kin. 2745:Chronicle of Mann 2743:According to the 2461:Godfrey mac Aulay 2372: 2371: 2368: 2367: 1595:St Patrick's Isle 1586:Chronicle of Mann 1574:of Óláfr svarti. 1564:Chronicle of Mann 1539:Chronicle of Mann 1537:According to the 1531:St Patrick's Isle 1343:abbey of Rievaulx 1339:Chronicle of Mann 1307:priory of St Bees 1276:The title of the 1200:authority in the 1184:According to the 1092:rook gaming piece 919:Chronicle of Mann 847:Chronicle of Mann 794:Magnús Erlingsson 790:Hákon Sigurðarson 592:Chronicle of Mann 441:Roman van Ferguut 404:Chronicle of Mann 395:Chronicle of Mann 381:of the so-called 379:king gaming piece 334:Chronicle of Mann 317:Chronicle of Mann 309:King of the Isles 216:Kingdom of Norway 197:Óláfr Guðrøðarson 182: 181: 169:Óláfr Guðrøðarson 94:St Patrick's Isle 16:(Redirected from 17061: 16668:St Magnus Church 16663:Scar boat burial 16608:Brough of Birsay 16501:Sweyn Asleifsson 16496:Ragnall ua Ímair 16313: 16306: 16299: 16290: 16289: 16266:Eóghan of Argyll 16246:Haraldr Óláfsson 16163:Guðrøðr Óláfsson 16057:Sigurd the Stout 15948: 15941: 15934: 15925: 15924: 15704:Gofraid ua Ímair 15591: 15584: 15577: 15568: 15567: 15555: 15546: 15519:Preceded by 15488:Preceded by 15478: 15477:10 November 1187 15459: 15458: 15453:Guðrøðr Óláfsson 15450: 15443: 15423: 15396: 15369: 15352: 15333: 15320: 15301: 15282: 15260: 15250: 15237: 15210: 15208: 15191: 15168: 15145: 15113:The Innes Review 15103: 15090: 15063: 15040: 14993: 14966: 14947: 14916: 14877: 14858: 14834: 14819: 14792: 14784: 14782: 14780: 14761: 14752: 14726: 14724: 14722: 14716: 14710:. Archived from 14693: 14683: 14675: 14673: 14671: 14652: 14643: 14628: 14605: 14604:: 300–325. 1903. 14595: 14586: 14553: 14533: 14522: 14503: 14480: 14447: 14445: 14428: 14409: 14389: 14379: 14342: 14321: 14300: 14291: 14272: 14270: 14268: 14262: 14257:. Archived from 14237: 14218: 14208: 14171: 14169: 14148: 14129: 14110: 14088: 14057: 14049: 14047: 14045: 14026: 14017: 13994: 13992: 13967: 13965: 13947: 13937: 13900: 13865: 13830: 13799: 13780: 13761: 13742: 13723: 13678: 13652: 13650: 13633: 13631: 13614: 13612: 13591: 13555: 13549: 13541: 13539: 13527: 13500: 13489:Lowe, C (1988). 13485: 13470:(EPUB). 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Archived from 11722: 11699: 11677: 11650: 11648: 11646: 11627: 11604: 11557: 11555: 11553: 11531: 11492: 11490: 11488: 11482: 11476:. Archived from 11461: 11451: 11414: 11375: 11353: 11345: 11343: 11341: 11322: 11313: 11294: 11290:978-1-13905573-4 11266: 11242: 11214: 11174: 11155: 11140: 11126: 11104: 11102: 11100: 11084: 11082: 11080: 11064: 11062: 11060: 11044: 11042: 11040: 11024: 11010: 10998: 10978: 10964: 10938: 10920: 10914: 10906: 10904: 10902: 10886: 10868: 10866: 10864: 10858: 10853:. Archived from 10826: 10815: 10793: 10779: 10756: 10737: 10727: 10701: 10678: 10663: 10639: 10628: 10606: 10587: 10569: 10546: 10540: 10532: 10530: 10528: 10512: 10506: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10478: 10472: 10464: 10462: 10460: 10444: 10438: 10430: 10428: 10426: 10410: 10404: 10396: 10394: 10392: 10376: 10370: 10362: 10360: 10358: 10342: 10324: 10318: 10310: 10308: 10306: 10286: 10280: 10272: 10270: 10268: 10250: 10224: 10205: 10190: 10188: 10171: 10169: 10167: 10151: 10149: 10147: 10125: 10111: 10100: 10074: 10068: 10060: 10058: 10056: 10022: 10019:Hollister (2004) 10016: 10005: 9999: 9993: 9987: 9981: 9958:Beuermann (2014) 9955: 9949: 9939: 9933: 9927: 9921: 9894:McDonald (2007b) 9879: 9873: 9867: 9861: 9858:McDonald (2007b) 9851: 9845: 9830:Broderick (2003) 9822:McDonald (2007b) 9810:Beuermann (2014) 9808:pp. 24, 66, 77; 9803: 9797: 9787: 9781: 9760: 9754: 9736: 9730: 9724: 9718: 9712: 9706: 9692: 9686: 9675:McDonald (2007b) 9672: 9666: 9659:McDonald (2007b) 9656: 9650: 9643:McDonald (2007b) 9640: 9634: 9627:McDonald (2007b) 9624: 9618: 9617:p. 467 n. 2 tab. 9608: 9602: 9588:Brownbill (1919) 9584:McDonald (2007b) 9573: 9567: 9557: 9551: 9545: 9539: 9536:McDonald (2007b) 9529: 9523: 9520:McDonald (2007b) 9513: 9507: 9492:McDonald (2007b) 9481: 9475: 9464:McDonald (2007b) 9449: 9443: 9432:McDonald (2007b) 9425: 9419: 9409: 9403: 9400:Beuermann (2014) 9397: 9391: 9390:p. 32, 32 n. 56. 9388:MacDonald (2013) 9385: 9379: 9372:Beuermann (2012) 9368:MacDonald (2013) 9364:Beuermann (2014) 9361: 9355: 9352:MacDonald (2013) 9349: 9343: 9324:McDonald (2007b) 9320:Beuermann (2010) 9313: 9307: 9297: 9291: 9285: 9279: 9276:Beuermann (2002) 9273: 9267: 9257: 9251: 9241: 9235: 9229: 9223: 9217: 9211: 9198: 9189: 9175: 9169: 9159: 9153: 9150:Beuermann (2002) 9147: 9141: 9135: 9129: 9096: 9090: 9072: 9063: 9057: 9051: 9045: 9039: 9029: 9023: 9013: 9007: 9001: 8995: 8985: 8979: 8973: 8967: 8964:Beuermann (2002) 8953: 8947: 8933: 8927: 8924:MacDonald (2013) 8921: 8915: 8912:Beuermann (2002) 8909: 8903: 8900:Beuermann (2002) 8897: 8891: 8888:Beuermann (2002) 8885: 8879: 8876:Beuermann (2002) 8872:Beuermann (2012) 8869: 8863: 8857: 8851: 8840:Davey, PJ (2008) 8836:Beuermann (2012) 8833: 8827: 8821: 8815: 8804:Davey, PJ (2008) 8801: 8795: 8789: 8783: 8773: 8767: 8761: 8755: 8729:McDonald (2007b) 8725:Jamroziak (2008) 8721:Jamroziak (2011) 8718: 8712: 8701:McDonald (2007b) 8697:Beuermann (2014) 8690: 8684: 8681:McDonald (2007b) 8678: 8672: 8655:Wilson, J (1915) 8648: 8642: 8634:pp. 72–73 § 43; 8632:Wilson, J (1915) 8620:McDonald (2007b) 8616:Beuermann (2014) 8613: 8607: 8593:Brownbill (1919) 8585:McDonald (2007b) 8578: 8572: 8569:McDonald (2007b) 8566: 8560: 8549:McDonald (2007b) 8546: 8540: 8527: 8521: 8515: 8509: 8502:McDonald (2007b) 8499: 8493: 8487: 8481: 8475: 8469: 8454:McDonald (2007b) 8443: 8434: 8428: 8422: 8396: 8390: 8377: 8371: 8353: 8347: 8313: 8307: 8304:McDonald (2007b) 8297: 8291: 8276:McDonald (2007b) 8269: 8263: 8256:McDonald (2007b) 8253: 8247: 8224:McDonald (2007b) 8213: 8207: 8200:McDonald (2007b) 8193: 8187: 8176:McDonald (2007b) 8169: 8163: 8145: 8139: 8120:McDonald (2007b) 8105: 8099: 8096:McDonald (2007b) 8089: 8083: 8072:McDonald (2007b) 8068:McDonald (2007a) 8061: 8055: 8049: 8043: 8037: 8031: 8025: 8019: 8012:Flanagan (2004a) 8005: 7999: 7993: 7987: 7969: 7963: 7957: 7948: 7934: 7928: 7891:pp. 52, 63, 70; 7889:McDonald (2007a) 7866: 7857: 7847: 7841: 7831: 7825: 7811: 7805: 7769: 7763: 7753: 7747: 7741: 7735: 7721: 7715: 7709: 7703: 7697: 7691: 7649: 7643: 7637: 7631: 7621: 7615: 7608:Flanagan (2004a) 7605: 7599: 7588:Flanagan (2004b) 7584:Flanagan (2004a) 7581: 7575: 7572:Flanagan (2004b) 7565: 7559: 7553: 7547: 7544:Flanagan (2004c) 7540:Flanagan (2004b) 7537: 7531: 7517: 7511: 7501: 7495: 7485: 7479: 7461: 7455: 7449: 7440: 7434: 7428: 7418: 7409: 7403: 7397: 7383: 7377: 7355: 7349: 7339: 7333: 7323: 7317: 7311: 7305: 7295: 7289: 7283: 7277: 7267: 7261: 7255: 7246: 7227:McDonald (2007b) 7223:McDonald (2007a) 7212: 7206: 7159:McDonald (2007b) 7155:McDonald (2007a) 7135:Beuermann (2014) 7124: 7118: 7112: 7106: 7092: 7086: 7066: 7060: 7028: 7022: 7012: 7006: 6974: 6968: 6948: 6942: 6932: 6926: 6899:McDonald (2007a) 6880: 6871: 6853: 6844: 6843:p. 61, 61 n. 69. 6837:McDonald (2007b) 6834: 6828: 6822: 6813: 6799: 6793: 6787: 6781: 6775: 6764: 6758: 6752: 6749:McDonald (2007b) 6746: 6740: 6721:McDonald (2007b) 6714: 6708: 6698:Mac Lean (1985a) 6695: 6689: 6679:Mac Lean (1985a) 6676: 6670: 6667:Mac Lean (1985a) 6663:McDonald (2007b) 6656: 6650: 6640:Mac Lean (1985a) 6637: 6631: 6610:Mac Lean (1985a) 6606:McDonald (2007b) 6603: 6597: 6580:Mac Lean (1985b) 6576:Mac Lean (1985a) 6573: 6567: 6561: 6555: 6545: 6539: 6509: 6503: 6493: 6487: 6473: 6467: 6460:McDonald (2007b) 6457: 6451: 6436:McDonald (2007b) 6432:McDonald (2007a) 6425: 6419: 6408:McDonald (2007b) 6397: 6391: 6385: 6379: 6373: 6367: 6331: 6325: 6294:McDonald (2007b) 6290:McDonald (2007a) 6279: 6273: 6262:McDonald (2007b) 6250:Beuermann (2014) 6243: 6234: 6220: 6211: 6193:Bridgland (2004) 6186: 6177: 6152: 6146: 6128: 6122: 6119:Beuermann (2002) 6116: 6110: 6107:Beuermann (2010) 6100: 6094: 6088: 6082: 6076: 6070: 6067:Beuermann (2010) 6064: 6055: 6045:Vigfusson (1878) 6026: 6020: 5989:Beuermann (2002) 5973:McDonald (2007b) 5969:Beuermann (2010) 5965:Hollander (2011) 5954: 5943: 5925: 5919: 5913: 5907: 5897: 5891: 5885: 5879: 5864:McDonald (2007b) 5860:Beuermann (2008) 5848:MacDonald (2013) 5841: 5835: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5789: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5758: 5752: 5746: 5737: 5734:McDonald (2007b) 5730:Beuermann (2008) 5726:Beuermann (2009) 5723: 5717: 5669:McDonald (2007b) 5665:McDonald (2007a) 5661:Beuermann (2008) 5650: 5644: 5634: 5628: 5622: 5613: 5601:p. 9 §§ 56, 60; 5579:McDonald (2007b) 5564: 5558: 5535: 5529: 5519: 5513: 5503: 5497: 5491: 5485: 5479: 5470: 5464: 5458: 5445:pp. 86–87, 151; 5415:McDonald (2007b) 5411:McDonald (2007a) 5400: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5303:McDonald (2007b) 5299:McDonald (2007a) 5280: 5274: 5261: 5255: 5233: 5227: 5145: 5139: 5133: 5127: 5117:Stevenson (1841) 5114: 5108: 5098: 5092: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5041:McDonald (2007b) 5037:McDonald (2007a) 5018: 5012: 4993:McDonald (2007a) 4952: 4946: 4911:McDonald (2007a) 4892: 4886: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4832:Brownbill (1919) 4828:McDonald (2007b) 4825: 4819: 4808:McDonald (2007b) 4804:McDonald (2007a) 4797: 4791: 4780:McDonald (2007b) 4773: 4767: 4764:McDonald (2007b) 4757: 4751: 4750:p. 15, 15 n. 43. 4744:McDonald (2007b) 4740:McDonald (2007a) 4737: 4731: 4728:McDonald (2007b) 4717: 4711: 4704:McDonald (2007b) 4700:McDonald (2007a) 4693: 4684: 4669:McDonald (2007b) 4665:McDonald (2007a) 4662: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4638: 4632: 4622: 4616: 4597:McDonald (2007a) 4594: 4588: 4585:McDonald (2007b) 4582: 4576: 4541:McDonald (2007b) 4537:McDonald (2007a) 4510: 4501: 4495: 4486: 4460: 4454: 4451:Beuermann (2002) 4448: 4442: 4439:Beuermann (2002) 4436: 4430: 4427:McDonald (2007b) 4420: 4414: 4375:Beuermann (2014) 4368: 4362: 4355:McDonald (2007b) 4348: 4342: 4336: 4330: 4304: 4298: 4279:Beuermann (2002) 4263:Beuermann (2010) 4244: 4238: 4231:Beuermann (2002) 4224: 4218: 4211:Beuermann (2014) 4208: 4202: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4155:Beuermann (2014) 4152: 4146: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4059:McDonald (2007b) 4048: 4042: 4023:Beuermann (2010) 4019:Beuermann (2012) 4016: 4010: 4004: 3998: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3957: 3951: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3885: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3853:McDonald (2007b) 3838: 3832: 3829:McDonald (2007b) 3826: 3817: 3812:p. 141 ill. 14; 3806:McDonald (2007b) 3795: 3789: 3788:p. 467 n. 2 tab. 3784:p. 200 tab. ii; 3772:p. 77 tab. 4.1; 3764:p. 141 ill. 14; 3758:McDonald (2007b) 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3719: 3713: 3694:McDonald (2007b) 3690:McDonald (2007a) 3678:Beuermann (2010) 3647: 3641: 3638:Beuermann (2014) 3635: 3629: 3626:Ó Mainnín (1999) 3619: 3613: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3550:Beuermann (2002) 3515: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3487: 3481: 3446:McDonald (2007b) 3442:McDonald (2007a) 3430:Beuermann (2008) 3426:Beuermann (2009) 3422:Beuermann (2010) 3406:MacDonald (2013) 3379: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3342:Beuermann (2014) 3339: 3333: 3327: 3318: 3312: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3272:McDonald (2007a) 3269: 3263: 3260:McDonald (2007a) 3253: 3247: 3204:McDonald (2007a) 3193: 3187: 3181: 3172: 3166: 3160: 3105:Beuermann (2002) 3061:McDonald (2007a) 3049:Jamroziak (2008) 3041:MacDonald (2013) 3014: 3008: 3002: 2993: 2959: 2953: 2940: 2925: 2918: 2912: 2901: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2862: 2856: 2840: 2834: 2827: 2819: 2811: 2805: 2790: 2784: 2773: 2767: 2754: 2748: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2724: 2712: 2706: 2695: 2689: 2682: 2676: 2669: 2663: 2659: 2653: 2642: 2636: 2632: 2626: 2619: 2613: 2602: 2596: 2587: 2581: 2573: 2567: 2563: 2557: 2554: 2526: 2520: 2517:Godred the Black 2509:Guðrøðr Ólafsson 2505:Guðrøðr Óláfsson 2501:Guðröðr Óláfsson 2497:Guðrǫðr Óláfsson 2385: 1637: 1636: 1628: 1627: 1607:Irish influences 1603:St Oran's Chapel 1589: 1560: 1498: 1467: 1331: 1323: 1315: 1286: 1244: 1058:and footsoldier. 1019:Annals of Ulster 983:Annals of Ulster 962: 954: 942: 934:Annals of Ulster 927: 842:Annals of Ulster 817:St Oran's Chapel 765:Icelandic annals 712: 668: 617: 584: 487: 473: 343: 253:Kingdom of Ulaid 185:Guðrøðr Óláfsson 91:10 November 1187 72: 58: 42:Guðrøðr Óláfsson 39: 38: 21: 17069: 17068: 17064: 17063: 17062: 17060: 17059: 17058: 17039:Burials in Iona 17014: 17013: 17012: 17007: 16949: 16945:Treaty of Perth 16868: 16842: 16804: 16751: 16724:Orkneyinga saga 16718:Manx runestones 16672: 16658:Rubha an Dùnain 16633:Kirkwall Castle 16603:Bishop's Palace 16581: 16515: 16454: 16363: 16349:Lords of Argyll 16339:Earls of Orkney 16322: 16317: 16287: 16282: 16275: 16261:Magnús Óláfsson 16197: 16141: 16132:Magnús berfœttr 16086:Ímar mac Arailt 16078:Haakon Ericsson 16035: 16015:Ketill Flatnose 15992: 15961: 15952: 15922: 15917: 15910: 15839:Magnús berfœttr 15827: 15760:Ímar mac Arailt 15743: 15687: 15675: 15644:Bárid mac Ímair 15600: 15598:Kings of Dublin 15595: 15541: 15532: 15524: 15514: 15510: 15502:1153/1154–1156 15501: 15493: 15472: 15471: 15464: 15434: 15431: 15426: 15420: 15385: 15349: 15317: 15307:The Argyll Book 15298: 15279: 15248: 15226: 15188: 15165: 15087: 15060: 14982: 14963: 14936: 14874: 14847: 14808: 14786: 14778: 14776: 14749: 14720: 14718: 14717:on 29 July 2019 14714: 14691: 14677: 14669: 14667: 14625: 14593: 14542: 14519: 14500: 14425: 14387: 14288: 14266: 14264: 14263:on 18 June 2019 14255: 14234: 14145: 14126: 14107: 14085: 14051: 14043: 14041: 13990:10.5284/1032950 13963:10.5284/1032950 13945: 13889: 13854: 13827: 13796: 13786:Medieval Dublin 13777: 13758: 13739: 13675: 13572: 13543: 13542: 13537: 13516: 13482: 13418: 13364: 13337: 13306: 13238: 13213: 13205: 13203: 13173: 13150: 13137: 13106: 13105: 13098: 13096: 13073: 13049: 12998: 12975: 12944: 12922: 12914: 12912: 12882: 12874: 12872: 12842: 12834: 12832: 12805: 12747: 12669: 12655: 12636: 12626:Medieval Dublin 12609: 12582: 12560: 12552: 12550: 12520: 12512: 12510: 12480: 12472: 12470: 12440: 12432: 12430: 12403: 12368: 12324: 12313: 12205: 12182: 12147: 12136: 12117: 12087: 12085: 12081: 12075: 12060: 12027: 12008: 11956: 11937: 11911: 11909: 11905: 11880: 11816: 11770: 11719: 11705:The Argyll Book 11696: 11666: 11644: 11642: 11641:. pp. 1–10 11624: 11551: 11549: 11486: 11484: 11483:on 4 March 2016 11480: 11474: 11459: 11372: 11347: 11339: 11337: 11310: 11291: 11275:Abulafia, David 11263: 11251:. Vol. 4. 11231: 11203: 11182: 11177: 11163:, eds. (1905). 11098: 11096: 11078: 11076: 11058: 11056: 11038: 11036: 11007: 10985:, ed. (1977) . 10908: 10907: 10900: 10898: 10895:British Library 10862: 10860: 10859:on 20 June 2019 10851: 10833:, ed. (1978) . 10804:, eds. (1874). 10652: 10625:Clarendon Press 10617:, eds. (1873). 10595:, eds. (1929). 10593:Collingwood, WG 10566: 10534: 10533: 10526: 10524: 10500: 10499: 10492: 10490: 10466: 10465: 10458: 10456: 10432: 10431: 10424: 10422: 10398: 10397: 10390: 10388: 10364: 10363: 10356: 10354: 10312: 10311: 10304: 10302: 10301:on 20 July 2021 10295:British Library 10274: 10273: 10266: 10264: 10260:British Library 10247: 10237:Canongate Books 10202:Chetham Society 10165: 10163: 10145: 10143: 10062: 10061: 10054: 10052: 10045:Skaldic Project 10035: 10033:Primary sources 10030: 10025: 10017: 10008: 10000: 9996: 9990:McDonald (2012) 9988: 9984: 9956: 9952: 9940: 9936: 9928: 9924: 9914:Anderson (1922) 9906:McDonald (1997) 9892:p. 195 n. 123; 9890:Flanagan (2010) 9882:McDonald (2019) 9880: 9876: 9868: 9864: 9854:McDonald (2019) 9852: 9848: 9838:Anderson (1922) 9820:p. 195 n. 123; 9818:Flanagan (2010) 9806:McDonald (2019) 9804: 9800: 9794:McDonald (2012) 9790:McDonald (2016) 9788: 9784: 9761: 9757: 9747:McDonald (2012) 9737: 9733: 9725: 9721: 9713: 9709: 9693: 9689: 9673: 9669: 9657: 9653: 9641: 9637: 9625: 9621: 9615:Anderson (1922) 9609: 9605: 9597:Document 1/15/1 9576:McDonald (2016) 9574: 9570: 9564:McDonald (1997) 9560:McDonald (2016) 9558: 9554: 9546: 9542: 9532:McDonald (2019) 9530: 9526: 9516:McDonald (2019) 9514: 9510: 9488:McDonald (2008) 9484:McDonald (2019) 9482: 9478: 9468:Anderson (1922) 9462:p. 195 n. 123; 9460:Flanagan (2010) 9452:McDonald (2019) 9450: 9446: 9436:Anderson (1922) 9428:McDonald (2019) 9426: 9422: 9410: 9406: 9398: 9394: 9386: 9382: 9362: 9358: 9350: 9346: 9332:Anderson (1908) 9314: 9310: 9298: 9294: 9288:McDonald (1997) 9286: 9282: 9274: 9270: 9258: 9254: 9242: 9238: 9230: 9226: 9218: 9214: 9199: 9192: 9186:Bartlett (1999) 9176: 9172: 9160: 9156: 9148: 9144: 9136: 9132: 9097: 9093: 9073: 9066: 9058: 9054: 9046: 9042: 9030: 9026: 9014: 9010: 9002: 8998: 8986: 8982: 8974: 8970: 8958:p. 182 n. 175; 8956:McDonald (2012) 8954: 8950: 8934: 8930: 8922: 8918: 8910: 8906: 8898: 8894: 8886: 8882: 8870: 8866: 8858: 8854: 8834: 8830: 8822: 8818: 8802: 8798: 8790: 8786: 8774: 8770: 8762: 8758: 8750:Document 1/14/3 8741:McIntire (1941) 8737:McIntire (1943) 8719: 8715: 8705:McDonald (1997) 8693:McDonald (2016) 8691: 8687: 8679: 8675: 8660:Document 1/14/2 8649: 8645: 8637:Document 1/14/2 8628:McIntire (1943) 8614: 8610: 8602:Document 1/14/1 8589:McIntire (1943) 8579: 8575: 8567: 8563: 8547: 8543: 8528: 8524: 8516: 8512: 8500: 8496: 8488: 8484: 8476: 8472: 8450:McDonald (2008) 8444: 8437: 8429: 8425: 8399:McDonald (2016) 8397: 8393: 8378: 8374: 8354: 8350: 8314: 8310: 8300:McDonald (2008) 8298: 8294: 8272:McDonald (2008) 8270: 8266: 8254: 8250: 8220:McDonald (2008) 8214: 8210: 8196:McDonald (2008) 8194: 8190: 8182:p. 25, n. 167; 8172:McDonald (2019) 8170: 8166: 8148:McDonald (2008) 8146: 8142: 8116:McDonald (2008) 8106: 8102: 8092:McDonald (2008) 8090: 8086: 8064:McDonald (2008) 8062: 8058: 8050: 8046: 8038: 8034: 8026: 8022: 8006: 8002: 7994: 7990: 7970: 7966: 7958: 7951: 7941:Anderson (1922) 7935: 7931: 7881:McDonald (2008) 7867: 7860: 7848: 7844: 7834:McDonald (2012) 7832: 7828: 7812: 7808: 7779:McDonald (2008) 7770: 7766: 7754: 7750: 7742: 7738: 7722: 7718: 7712:McDonald (2012) 7710: 7706: 7698: 7694: 7656:McDonald (2008) 7650: 7646: 7638: 7634: 7622: 7618: 7606: 7602: 7582: 7578: 7566: 7562: 7554: 7550: 7538: 7534: 7520:McDonald (2008) 7518: 7514: 7502: 7498: 7486: 7482: 7462: 7458: 7450: 7443: 7435: 7431: 7419: 7412: 7406:McDonald (1997) 7404: 7400: 7390:McDonald (1997) 7384: 7380: 7356: 7352: 7346:McDonald (1997) 7340: 7336: 7324: 7320: 7312: 7308: 7296: 7292: 7284: 7280: 7268: 7264: 7256: 7249: 7243:Anderson (1922) 7239:Flanagan (1989) 7219:Flanagan (2010) 7215:McDonald (2019) 7213: 7209: 7195:Anderson (1922) 7191:Flanagan (1977) 7183:Flanagan (1989) 7181:p. 127 n. 166; 7171:McDonald (1997) 7147:Flanagan (2010) 7131:McDonald (2016) 7127:McDonald (2019) 7125: 7121: 7113: 7109: 7093: 7089: 7067: 7063: 7029: 7025: 7013: 7009: 6975: 6971: 6949: 6945: 6933: 6929: 6919:Anderson (1922) 6891:McDonald (2008) 6881: 6874: 6854: 6847: 6835: 6831: 6823: 6816: 6812:pp. 50–51 § 69. 6800: 6796: 6788: 6784: 6776: 6767: 6759: 6755: 6747: 6743: 6733:Anderson (1922) 6717:McDonald (2019) 6715: 6711: 6696: 6692: 6677: 6673: 6659:McDonald (2012) 6657: 6653: 6638: 6634: 6604: 6600: 6574: 6570: 6562: 6558: 6548:McDonald (1997) 6546: 6542: 6532:Anderson (1922) 6520:McDonald (1997) 6512:McDonald (2019) 6510: 6506: 6496:McDonald (1997) 6494: 6490: 6480:McDonald (1997) 6474: 6470: 6458: 6454: 6444:Anderson (1922) 6438:pp. 67–68, 85; 6426: 6422: 6412:Anderson (1922) 6410:pp. 67–68, 85; 6400:McDonald (2019) 6398: 6394: 6386: 6382: 6374: 6370: 6364:Anderson (1922) 6332: 6328: 6310:McDonald (1997) 6280: 6276: 6258:McDonald (2012) 6246:McDonald (2016) 6244: 6237: 6223:McDonald (2012) 6221: 6214: 6197:McDonald (1997) 6189:McDonald (2012) 6187: 6180: 6163:McDonald (1997) 6155:McDonald (2012) 6153: 6149: 6139:McDonald (1997) 6131:McDonald (2012) 6129: 6125: 6117: 6113: 6101: 6097: 6089: 6085: 6077: 6073: 6065: 6058: 6041:Anderson (1922) 6027: 6023: 6001:Anderson (1922) 5985:Salvucci (2005) 5967:p. 784 ch. 17; 5961:McDonald (2012) 5955: 5946: 5926: 5922: 5914: 5910: 5898: 5894: 5886: 5882: 5844:MacInnes (2019) 5842: 5838: 5826: 5822: 5814: 5810: 5804:Anderson (1922) 5790: 5786: 5778: 5774: 5759: 5755: 5747: 5740: 5724: 5720: 5712:Document 1/5/24 5651: 5647: 5635: 5631: 5623: 5616: 5595:Anderson (1922) 5567:McDonald (2016) 5565: 5561: 5553:Document 1/5/24 5536: 5532: 5526:McDonald (1997) 5520: 5516: 5506:McDonald (1997) 5504: 5500: 5492: 5488: 5482:McDonald (1997) 5480: 5473: 5467:McDonald (2012) 5465: 5461: 5451:Anderson (1922) 5431:McDonald (1997) 5403:McDonald (2012) 5401: 5397: 5391:McDonald (1997) 5389: 5385: 5379:McDonald (1997) 5377: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5347:Anderson (1922) 5323:McDonald (1997) 5291:McDonald (2012) 5287:Caldwell (2016) 5283:McDonald (2019) 5281: 5277: 5266:p. 222 ch. 11; 5262: 5258: 5248:Anderson (1922) 5236:McDonald (1997) 5234: 5230: 5216:Anderson (1922) 5194:pp. 52, 54–58; 5192:McDonald (1997) 5148:McDonald (2019) 5146: 5142: 5134: 5130: 5115: 5111: 5099: 5095: 5081:O'Byrne (2005a) 5075: 5071: 5063: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5029:McDonald (2008) 5019: 5015: 4981:McDonald (2008) 4953: 4949: 4923:O'Byrne (2005c) 4919:O'Byrne (2005b) 4915:O'Byrne (2005a) 4903:McDonald (2008) 4893: 4889: 4875:O'Byrne (2005c) 4871:O'Byrne (2005a) 4865: 4861: 4855:McDonald (2016) 4853: 4849: 4841:Document 1/14/1 4826: 4822: 4812:McDonald (1995) 4800:McDonald (2016) 4798: 4794: 4784:McDonald (1995) 4776:McDonald (2016) 4774: 4770: 4760:McDonald (2016) 4758: 4754: 4738: 4734: 4724:McDonald (2012) 4720:McDonald (2016) 4718: 4714: 4696:McDonald (2012) 4694: 4687: 4679:p. 70 fig. 24; 4663: 4659: 4651: 4647: 4643:pp. 81–82, 113. 4639: 4635: 4627:pp. 81, 85–86; 4623: 4619: 4605:Thornton (1996) 4595: 4591: 4583: 4579: 4569:Anderson (1922) 4525:McDonald (2012) 4513:McDonald (2019) 4511: 4504: 4496: 4489: 4479:Anderson (1922) 4467:Davey, P (2002) 4461: 4457: 4449: 4445: 4437: 4433: 4423:McDonald (2019) 4421: 4417: 4407:Anderson (1922) 4371:McDonald (2019) 4369: 4365: 4349: 4345: 4337: 4333: 4319:Anderson (1908) 4305: 4301: 4291:Anderson (1922) 4255:McDonald (2012) 4245: 4241: 4225: 4221: 4209: 4205: 4193: 4189: 4181: 4177: 4167:Anderson (1922) 4153: 4149: 4141:p. 182 n. 175; 4139:McDonald (2012) 4137: 4133: 4125: 4121: 4111:McDonald (2012) 4109: 4105: 4097: 4093: 4085: 4081: 4071:Anderson (1922) 4063:McDonald (1997) 4051:McDonald (2019) 4049: 4045: 4017: 4013: 4005: 4001: 3986: 3982: 3974: 3970: 3958: 3954: 3942: 3938: 3930: 3926: 3922:p. xiii tab. 2. 3918: 3914: 3900:Anderson (1908) 3886: 3879: 3871: 3867: 3857:Anderson (1922) 3849:McDonald (2012) 3841:McDonald (2016) 3839: 3835: 3827: 3820: 3798:McDonald (2019) 3796: 3792: 3786:Anderson (1922) 3778:McDonald (1997) 3776:p. 192 tab. i; 3750:McDonald (2019) 3748: 3744: 3736: 3732: 3726:Macniven (2006) 3720: 3716: 3682:McDonald (2008) 3674:McDonald (2012) 3654:McDonald (2016) 3650:Caldwell (2016) 3648: 3644: 3636: 3632: 3620: 3616: 3592: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3568: 3564: 3518:McDonald (2019) 3516: 3512: 3506:Boardman (2006) 3504: 3500: 3488: 3484: 3474:Thornton (1996) 3466:Salvucci (2005) 3458:Macniven (2006) 3434:McDonald (2008) 3414:McDonald (2012) 3390:McDonald (2016) 3386:Caldwell (2016) 3380: 3376: 3368: 3364: 3356: 3352: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3321: 3313: 3306: 3298: 3294: 3288:Flanagan (1977) 3286: 3282: 3270: 3266: 3254: 3250: 3228:Thornton (1996) 3194: 3190: 3182: 3175: 3167: 3163: 3129:Thornton (1996) 3109:Davey, P (2002) 3045:Flanagan (2010) 3017:McDonald (2019) 3015: 3011: 3003: 2996: 2990:McDonald (1995) 2986:McDonald (1997) 2982:Bartlett (1999) 2974:Boardman (2006) 2960: 2956: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2919: 2915: 2902: 2898: 2892: 2888: 2863: 2859: 2841: 2837: 2812: 2808: 2791: 2787: 2774: 2770: 2755: 2751: 2742: 2738: 2713: 2709: 2696: 2692: 2683: 2679: 2670: 2666: 2660: 2656: 2643: 2639: 2633: 2629: 2620: 2616: 2606:Julian calendar 2603: 2599: 2588: 2584: 2574: 2570: 2564: 2560: 2527: 2523: 2493:Guðrøð Óláfsson 2473:Godred Óláfsson 2469:Godred Olafsson 2386: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2320:7. name unknown 1625: 1591: 1583: 1519: 1485:at some point. 1270: 1255:'s loss of the 1159: 1040: 902: 810: 648: 634:Orkneyinga saga 513: 512: 511: 510: 495: 494: 493: 492: 488: 480: 479: 478: 474: 463: 371: 269: 148: 109: 104: 92: 75: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Godred Olafsson 15: 12: 11: 5: 17067: 17057: 17056: 17051: 17046: 17044:Crovan dynasty 17041: 17036: 17031: 17026: 17009: 17008: 17006: 17005: 17000: 16995: 16990: 16985: 16980: 16975: 16970: 16965: 16959: 16957: 16951: 16950: 16948: 16947: 16942: 16940:Treaty of 1098 16937: 16932: 16927: 16922: 16917: 16912: 16907: 16902: 16897: 16892: 16887: 16882: 16876: 16874: 16870: 16869: 16867: 16866: 16861: 16859:Northern Isles 16856: 16850: 16848: 16844: 16843: 16841: 16840: 16835: 16830: 16825: 16820: 16814: 16812: 16806: 16805: 16803: 16802: 16797: 16792: 16787: 16782: 16777: 16772: 16767: 16761: 16759: 16753: 16752: 16750: 16749: 16744: 16739: 16732: 16727: 16720: 16715: 16713:Lewis chessmen 16710: 16705: 16703:Galloway Hoard 16700: 16693: 16686: 16680: 16678: 16674: 16673: 16671: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16655: 16650: 16645: 16640: 16635: 16630: 16625: 16620: 16615: 16610: 16605: 16600: 16595: 16589: 16587: 16583: 16582: 16580: 16579: 16574: 16569: 16564: 16559: 16554: 16552:Outer Hebrides 16549: 16544: 16539: 16537:Gall-Ghàidheil 16534: 16529: 16523: 16521: 16517: 16516: 16514: 16513: 16508: 16503: 16498: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16481:Olaf the White 16478: 16473: 16468: 16462: 16460: 16456: 16455: 16453: 16452: 16447: 16442: 16437: 16432: 16427: 16422: 16417: 16412: 16407: 16402: 16397: 16392: 16387: 16382: 16377: 16371: 16369: 16365: 16364: 16362: 16361: 16356: 16351: 16346: 16344:Crovan dynasty 16341: 16336: 16330: 16328: 16324: 16323: 16316: 16315: 16308: 16301: 16293: 16284: 16283: 16280: 16277: 16276: 16274: 16273: 16268: 16263: 16258: 16253: 16248: 16243: 16238: 16232: 16231: 16226: 16221: 16216: 16211: 16205: 16203: 16199: 16198: 16196: 16195: 16190: 16185: 16180: 16175: 16170: 16165: 16160: 16155: 16149: 16147: 16143: 16142: 16140: 16139: 16134: 16129: 16124: 16119: 16117:Gofraid Crobán 16114: 16109: 16104: 16099: 16094: 16089: 16082: 16081: 16075: 16069: 16064: 16059: 16054: 16049: 16043: 16041: 16037: 16036: 16034: 16033: 16028: 16023: 16018: 16012: 16007: 16000: 15998: 15994: 15993: 15991: 15990: 15985: 15975: 15969: 15967: 15963: 15962: 15951: 15950: 15943: 15936: 15928: 15919: 15918: 15915: 15912: 15911: 15909: 15908: 15903: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15852: 15847: 15842: 15835: 15833: 15829: 15828: 15826: 15825: 15819: 15813: 15811:Gofraid Crobán 15808: 15802: 15797: 15792: 15787: 15782: 15777: 15772: 15767: 15762: 15757: 15751: 15749: 15745: 15744: 15742: 15741: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15716: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15695: 15693: 15689: 15688: 15678: 15676: 15674: 15673: 15668: 15662: 15659:Sichfrith Jarl 15656: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15635: 15629: 15624: 15614: 15608: 15606: 15602: 15601: 15594: 15593: 15586: 15579: 15571: 15560: 15559: 15552: 15551: 15543: 15542: 15537: 15534: 15525: 15520: 15516: 15515: 15506: 15503: 15494: 15489: 15485: 15484: 15483:Regnal titles 15480: 15479: 15468:Crovan dynasty 15465: 15462: 15457: 15456: 15444: 15430: 15429:External links 15427: 15425: 15424: 15418: 15397: 15383: 15370: 15353: 15347: 15334: 15321: 15315: 15302: 15296: 15283: 15277: 15261: 15238: 15224: 15211: 15192: 15186: 15169: 15163: 15146: 15104: 15091: 15085: 15064: 15058: 15041: 15007:(1): 171–172. 14994: 14980: 14967: 14961: 14948: 14934: 14917: 14878: 14872: 14859: 14845: 14820: 14806: 14793: 14753: 14747: 14727: 14684: 14644: 14638:(PhD thesis). 14629: 14623: 14606: 14587: 14554: 14540: 14523: 14517: 14504: 14498: 14481: 14448: 14429: 14423: 14410: 14380: 14354:(2): 107–132. 14343: 14322: 14301: 14292: 14286: 14273: 14253: 14238: 14232: 14219: 14183:(2): 111–145. 14172: 14156:(PhD thesis). 14149: 14143: 14130: 14124: 14111: 14105: 14089: 14083: 14058: 14018: 13995: 13968: 13938: 13901: 13887: 13866: 13852: 13831: 13825: 13800: 13794: 13781: 13775: 13762: 13756: 13743: 13737: 13724: 13690:(2): 129–143. 13679: 13673: 13653: 13634: 13615: 13592: 13570: 13556: 13540:. Vol. 1. 13528: 13514: 13501: 13486: 13480: 13463: 13408: 13368: 13362: 13341: 13335: 13310: 13304: 13287: 13242: 13236: 13220: 13177: 13171: 13155: 13141: 13135: 13119: 13085: 13071: 13058: 13042: 13011: 13002: 12996: 12979: 12973: 12965:Viking Empires 12956: 12942: 12929: 12889: 12849: 12809: 12803: 12790: 12751: 12745: 12725:. Copenhagen: 12716: 12659: 12653: 12640: 12634: 12621: 12607: 12586: 12580: 12567: 12527: 12487: 12447: 12407: 12401: 12380: 12366: 12350:Harper-Bill, C 12345: 12317: 12311: 12294: 12278:(PhD thesis). 12271: 12232: 12217: 12203: 12186: 12180: 12160: 12140: 12134: 12121: 12115: 12094: 12073: 12053: 12031: 12025: 12012: 12006: 11993: 11968: 11954: 11941: 11935: 11918: 11873: 11839:(1): 155–203. 11828: 11814: 11789: 11774: 11768: 11748: 11723: 11717: 11700: 11694: 11678: 11664: 11651: 11628: 11622: 11605: 11558: 11532: 11493: 11472: 11452: 11415: 11389:(2): 222–223. 11376: 11370: 11354: 11314: 11308: 11295: 11289: 11267: 11261: 11243: 11229: 11215: 11201: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11175: 11156: 11141: 11133:, ed. (1878). 11127: 11111:, ed. (1868). 11105: 11085: 11065: 11045: 11025: 11011: 11005: 10979: 10971:, ed. (1899). 10965: 10945:, ed. (1841). 10939: 10921: 10887: 10875:, ed. (1853). 10869: 10849: 10827: 10816: 10794: 10790:Bannatyne Club 10780: 10757: 10738: 10714:. Copenhagen: 10708:, ed. (1911). 10702: 10679: 10664: 10650: 10640:. Austin, TX: 10629: 10607: 10588: 10570: 10564: 10547: 10513: 10479: 10445: 10411: 10377: 10343: 10331:, ed. (1867). 10325: 10287: 10251: 10245: 10225: 10206: 10191: 10172: 10152: 10126: 10112: 10101: 10081:, ed. (1908). 10075: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10023: 10006: 9994: 9982: 9970:McNamee (2005) 9950: 9934: 9922: 9904:pp. 105, 124; 9888:pp. 156, 169; 9874: 9862: 9846: 9816:pp. 156, 169; 9798: 9782: 9771:Ritchie (1997) 9755: 9739:Ritchie (1997) 9731: 9719: 9707: 9687: 9667: 9651: 9635: 9619: 9603: 9580:Valante (2010) 9568: 9552: 9540: 9524: 9508: 9502:pp. 237, 239; 9476: 9444: 9420: 9404: 9392: 9380: 9356: 9344: 9340:Howlett (1889) 9308: 9292: 9280: 9268: 9252: 9236: 9224: 9212: 9190: 9170: 9154: 9142: 9130: 9101:p. 167 n. 57; 9091: 9087:Orfield (2002) 9064: 9052: 9040: 9024: 9008: 8996: 8980: 8968: 8948: 8946:p. xxiv map 3. 8944:Barrell (2002) 8928: 8916: 8904: 8892: 8880: 8864: 8852: 8828: 8816: 8796: 8784: 8768: 8756: 8713: 8685: 8673: 8653:p. 158 n. 70; 8643: 8608: 8573: 8561: 8541: 8522: 8510: 8494: 8482: 8478:Pollock (2005) 8470: 8435: 8423: 8391: 8372: 8360:Pollock (2005) 8348: 8324:Pollock (2005) 8308: 8292: 8264: 8248: 8246:p. 11 § 2.5.9. 8238:p. 25 n. 167; 8208: 8188: 8164: 8152:Crooks (2005b) 8140: 8100: 8084: 8056: 8044: 8032: 8020: 8000: 7996:Downham (2013) 7988: 7976:O'Byrne (2005) 7964: 7960:Kostick (2013) 7949: 7929: 7893:Pollock (2005) 7883:pp. 134, 136; 7858: 7850:O'Byrne (2005) 7842: 7838:Barrett (2004) 7826: 7806: 7764: 7748: 7736: 7716: 7704: 7700:Downham (2013) 7692: 7652:Downham (2013) 7644: 7632: 7616: 7600: 7576: 7568:Crooks (2005a) 7560: 7548: 7532: 7512: 7496: 7488:Downham (2013) 7480: 7464:Downham (2013) 7456: 7452:Downham (2013) 7441: 7429: 7410: 7398: 7378: 7376:pp. 31, 42–43. 7362:Pollock (2005) 7350: 7334: 7318: 7306: 7298:Downham (2013) 7290: 7286:Pollock (2005) 7278: 7276:p. 128 n. 166. 7262: 7247: 7235:Pollock (2005) 7207: 7165:p. 109 n. 24; 7143:Downham (2013) 7119: 7107: 7087: 7061: 7023: 7007: 6969: 6943: 6927: 6887:Downham (2013) 6872: 6845: 6829: 6814: 6794: 6790:Downham (2013) 6782: 6765: 6753: 6741: 6709: 6690: 6671: 6651: 6632: 6598: 6582:pls. 88a–88b; 6568: 6556: 6540: 6514:pp. viii, 32; 6504: 6488: 6468: 6452: 6420: 6392: 6380: 6368: 6326: 6274: 6260:pp. 153, 155; 6235: 6212: 6201:Ritchie (1997) 6178: 6167:Ritchie (1997) 6147: 6143:Ritchie (1997) 6123: 6111: 6095: 6083: 6071: 6056: 6033:Johnsen (1969) 6021: 6005:Jónsson (1911) 5944: 5920: 5908: 5892: 5880: 5836: 5820: 5808: 5784: 5772: 5753: 5738: 5718: 5709:vol. 19 § 38; 5689:Johnsen (1969) 5645: 5629: 5614: 5605:pp. 155, 168; 5587:Johnsen (1969) 5559: 5550:vol. 19 § 38; 5530: 5514: 5498: 5486: 5471: 5459: 5405:pp. 153, 161; 5395: 5383: 5371: 5359: 5293:pp. 153, 161; 5275: 5264:Jónsson (1916) 5256: 5228: 5156:Downham (2013) 5140: 5128: 5109: 5093: 5089:Griffin (2002) 5069: 5065:Griffin (2002) 5057: 5045: 5027:pp. 113, 120; 5013: 4997:Pollock (2005) 4975:pp. 113, 120; 4947: 4931:Griffin (2002) 4901:pp. 113, 120; 4887: 4879:Pollock (2005) 4859: 4847: 4820: 4802:pp. 341, 343; 4792: 4768: 4752: 4732: 4712: 4685: 4657: 4645: 4633: 4629:Powicke (1978) 4617: 4589: 4577: 4521:Downham (2013) 4502: 4487: 4455: 4443: 4431: 4415: 4379:Downham (2013) 4363: 4343: 4331: 4327:Howlett (1889) 4315:Johnsen (1969) 4299: 4251:Downham (2013) 4239: 4219: 4203: 4187: 4175: 4147: 4131: 4119: 4103: 4091: 4079: 4043: 4011: 3999: 3980: 3968: 3952: 3936: 3924: 3912: 3908:Howlett (1889) 3877: 3875:pp. 71–72, 79. 3865: 3833: 3818: 3816:p. 192 tab. i. 3808:p. 27 tab. 1; 3800:p. ix tab. 1; 3790: 3760:p. 27 tab. 1; 3752:p. ix tab. 1; 3742: 3738:Kostick (2013) 3730: 3714: 3666:Downham (2013) 3642: 3630: 3614: 3586: 3574: 3562: 3542:McNamee (2005) 3510: 3498: 3482: 3402:Downham (2013) 3374: 3362: 3350: 3334: 3319: 3304: 3292: 3280: 3264: 3248: 3188: 3173: 3161: 3081:Pollock (2005) 3077:McNamee (2005) 3037:Kostick (2013) 3033:Downham (2013) 3009: 2994: 2954: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2926: 2913: 2896: 2886: 2857: 2835: 2831:Northern Isles 2806: 2785: 2777:foster-brother 2768: 2749: 2736: 2716:Northern Isles 2707: 2690: 2677: 2664: 2654: 2637: 2627: 2614: 2597: 2582: 2568: 2558: 2521: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2265: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2231: 2228: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2092: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1764: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1657: 1655: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1633: 1632: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1576: 1518: 1515: 1511:Mont St Michel 1429:Extent of the 1321:Asmundertoftes 1309:the lands of " 1269: 1266: 1253:Meic Lochlainn 1158: 1155: 1039: 1036: 1031:King of Dublin 901: 900:King of Dublin 898: 890:John de Courcy 829:Crovan dynasty 809: 806: 778:battle at Oslo 740:Battle of Oslo 725:Holyrood Abbey 647: 644: 503:Manx runestone 497: 496: 490: 489: 482: 481: 476: 475: 468: 467: 466: 465: 464: 462: 459: 383:Lewis chessmen 370: 367: 285:Crovan dynasty 268: 265: 245:John de Courcy 205:Crovan dynasty 180: 179: 176: 172: 171: 166: 162: 161: 159:Crovan dynasty 156: 150: 149: 147: 146: 141: 138: 133: 127: 125: 119: 118: 115: 111: 110: 105: 101: 97: 96: 89: 85: 84: 81: 77: 76: 59: 51: 50: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17066: 17055: 17052: 17050: 17047: 17045: 17042: 17040: 17037: 17035: 17032: 17030: 17027: 17025: 17022: 17021: 17019: 17004: 17001: 16999: 16996: 16994: 16991: 16989: 16986: 16984: 16981: 16979: 16976: 16974: 16971: 16969: 16966: 16964: 16961: 16960: 16958: 16956: 16952: 16946: 16943: 16941: 16938: 16936: 16933: 16931: 16928: 16926: 16923: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16911: 16908: 16906: 16903: 16901: 16898: 16896: 16893: 16891: 16888: 16886: 16883: 16881: 16878: 16877: 16875: 16871: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16855: 16852: 16851: 16849: 16845: 16839: 16838:Old Norwegian 16836: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16815: 16813: 16811: 16807: 16801: 16798: 16796: 16793: 16791: 16788: 16786: 16783: 16781: 16778: 16776: 16775:Law Ting Holm 16773: 16771: 16768: 16766: 16763: 16762: 16760: 16758: 16754: 16748: 16745: 16743: 16740: 16738: 16737: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16726: 16725: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16698: 16694: 16692: 16691: 16687: 16685: 16682: 16681: 16679: 16675: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16654: 16651: 16649: 16646: 16644: 16641: 16639: 16638:Linton Chapel 16636: 16634: 16631: 16629: 16626: 16624: 16621: 16619: 16616: 16614: 16611: 16609: 16606: 16604: 16601: 16599: 16596: 16594: 16591: 16590: 16588: 16584: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16550: 16548: 16545: 16543: 16540: 16538: 16535: 16533: 16530: 16528: 16525: 16524: 16522: 16518: 16512: 16509: 16507: 16504: 16502: 16499: 16497: 16494: 16492: 16491:Páll Bálkason 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16463: 16461: 16457: 16451: 16448: 16446: 16443: 16441: 16438: 16436: 16433: 16431: 16428: 16426: 16423: 16421: 16418: 16416: 16413: 16411: 16408: 16406: 16403: 16401: 16398: 16396: 16393: 16391: 16388: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16378: 16376: 16373: 16372: 16370: 16368:Notable women 16366: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16352: 16350: 16347: 16345: 16342: 16340: 16337: 16335: 16334:List of kings 16332: 16331: 16329: 16325: 16321: 16314: 16309: 16307: 16302: 16300: 16295: 16294: 16291: 16281:^ Speculative 16278: 16272: 16269: 16267: 16264: 16262: 16259: 16257: 16254: 16252: 16249: 16247: 16244: 16242: 16239: 16237: 16234: 16233: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16222: 16220: 16217: 16215: 16212: 16210: 16207: 16206: 16204: 16200: 16194: 16191: 16189: 16186: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16174: 16171: 16169: 16166: 16164: 16161: 16159: 16156: 16154: 16151: 16150: 16148: 16144: 16138: 16135: 16133: 16130: 16128: 16125: 16123: 16120: 16118: 16115: 16113: 16110: 16108: 16105: 16103: 16100: 16098: 16095: 16093: 16090: 16087: 16084: 16083: 16079: 16076: 16073: 16070: 16068: 16065: 16063: 16060: 16058: 16055: 16053: 16050: 16048: 16045: 16044: 16042: 16038: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16024: 16022: 16021:Amlaíb Cuarán 16019: 16016: 16013: 16011: 16008: 16005: 16002: 16001: 15999: 15995: 15989: 15988:Amlaíb Conung 15986: 15983: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15970: 15968: 15964: 15960: 15956: 15949: 15944: 15942: 15937: 15935: 15930: 15929: 15926: 15913: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15846: 15843: 15840: 15837: 15836: 15834: 15830: 15823: 15820: 15817: 15814: 15812: 15809: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15791: 15788: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15776: 15773: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15761: 15758: 15756: 15753: 15752: 15750: 15746: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15724:Amlaíb Cuarán 15722: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15696: 15694: 15690: 15682: 15672: 15671:Ímar ua Ímair 15669: 15666: 15663: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15639: 15636: 15633: 15630: 15628: 15625: 15622: 15618: 15615: 15613: 15610: 15609: 15607: 15603: 15599: 15592: 15587: 15585: 15580: 15578: 15573: 15572: 15569: 15565: 15553: 15549: 15544: 15540: 15531: 15530: 15523: 15517: 15513: 15509: 15500: 15499: 15492: 15486: 15481: 15476: 15470: 15469: 15460: 15454: 15449: 15445: 15441: 15437: 15433: 15432: 15421: 15415: 15411: 15407: 15403: 15398: 15394: 15390: 15386: 15380: 15376: 15371: 15367: 15363: 15359: 15354: 15350: 15344: 15340: 15335: 15331: 15327: 15322: 15318: 15316:1-84158-253-0 15312: 15308: 15303: 15299: 15297:9788251918732 15293: 15289: 15284: 15280: 15278:0-19-211696-7 15274: 15270: 15266: 15262: 15258: 15254: 15247: 15243: 15239: 15235: 15231: 15227: 15221: 15217: 15212: 15207: 15202: 15198: 15193: 15189: 15187:0-631-21785-1 15183: 15179: 15175: 15170: 15166: 15160: 15156: 15155:T&T Clark 15153:. Edinburgh: 15152: 15147: 15143: 15139: 15135: 15131: 15127: 15123: 15120:(2): 99–119. 15119: 15115: 15114: 15109: 15105: 15101: 15097: 15092: 15088: 15082: 15078: 15074: 15070: 15065: 15061: 15055: 15051: 15047: 15042: 15038: 15034: 15030: 15026: 15022: 15018: 15014: 15010: 15006: 15002: 15001: 14995: 14991: 14987: 14983: 14981:0-85115-389-5 14977: 14973: 14968: 14964: 14958: 14954: 14949: 14945: 14941: 14937: 14935:9780300215519 14931: 14927: 14923: 14918: 14914: 14910: 14906: 14902: 14898: 14894: 14890: 14886: 14885: 14879: 14875: 14869: 14865: 14860: 14856: 14852: 14848: 14846:0-19-285245-0 14842: 14838: 14833: 14832: 14826: 14821: 14817: 14813: 14809: 14803: 14799: 14794: 14790: 14775: 14771: 14767: 14766: 14760: 14754: 14750: 14748:1-86232-151-5 14744: 14740: 14736: 14732: 14728: 14713: 14709: 14705: 14701: 14697: 14690: 14685: 14681: 14666: 14662: 14658: 14657: 14651: 14645: 14641: 14637: 14636: 14630: 14626: 14620: 14616: 14612: 14607: 14603: 14599: 14592: 14588: 14584: 14580: 14576: 14572: 14568: 14564: 14560: 14555: 14551: 14547: 14543: 14541:1-84158-154-2 14537: 14532: 14531: 14524: 14520: 14518:1-874744-86-6 14514: 14510: 14505: 14501: 14499:0-7134-7855-1 14495: 14491: 14487: 14482: 14478: 14474: 14470: 14466: 14462: 14458: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14435: 14430: 14426: 14420: 14416: 14411: 14407: 14403: 14399: 14395: 14394: 14386: 14381: 14377: 14373: 14369: 14365: 14361: 14357: 14353: 14349: 14344: 14340: 14336: 14332: 14328: 14323: 14319: 14315: 14311: 14307: 14302: 14298: 14293: 14289: 14283: 14279: 14274: 14261: 14256: 14250: 14246: 14245: 14239: 14235: 14233:0-85976-541-5 14229: 14225: 14220: 14216: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14198: 14194: 14190: 14186: 14182: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14159: 14155: 14150: 14146: 14144:0-415-94052-4 14140: 14136: 14131: 14127: 14125:0-415-94052-4 14121: 14117: 14112: 14108: 14106:0-415-94052-4 14102: 14098: 14094: 14090: 14086: 14080: 14076: 14072: 14068: 14064: 14059: 14055: 14040: 14036: 14032: 14031: 14025: 14019: 14015: 14011: 14007: 14003: 14002: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13982: 13978: 13974: 13969: 13964: 13959: 13955: 13951: 13944: 13939: 13935: 13931: 13927: 13923: 13919: 13915: 13912:(1–2): 3–22. 13911: 13907: 13902: 13898: 13894: 13890: 13884: 13880: 13876: 13872: 13867: 13863: 13859: 13855: 13849: 13845: 13841: 13837: 13832: 13828: 13822: 13818: 13814: 13810: 13806: 13801: 13797: 13791: 13787: 13782: 13778: 13772: 13768: 13763: 13759: 13753: 13749: 13744: 13740: 13734: 13730: 13725: 13721: 13717: 13713: 13709: 13705: 13701: 13697: 13693: 13689: 13685: 13680: 13676: 13670: 13666: 13662: 13658: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13640: 13635: 13630: 13625: 13621: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13602: 13598: 13593: 13589: 13585: 13581: 13577: 13573: 13567: 13563: 13557: 13553: 13547: 13536: 13535: 13529: 13525: 13521: 13517: 13511: 13507: 13502: 13498: 13494: 13493: 13487: 13483: 13477: 13473: 13469: 13464: 13460: 13456: 13452: 13448: 13444: 13440: 13436: 13432: 13428: 13424: 13417: 13414:(1915–1916). 13413: 13409: 13405: 13401: 13397: 13393: 13389: 13385: 13381: 13377: 13373: 13369: 13365: 13363:0-19-211696-7 13359: 13355: 13351: 13347: 13342: 13338: 13332: 13328: 13324: 13320: 13316: 13311: 13307: 13301: 13297: 13293: 13288: 13284: 13280: 13276: 13272: 13268: 13264: 13260: 13256: 13252: 13248: 13243: 13239: 13233: 13229: 13225: 13221: 13217: 13202: 13198: 13194: 13193: 13187: 13182: 13181:Hollister, CW 13178: 13174: 13172:0-521-47299-7 13168: 13164: 13160: 13156: 13149: 13148: 13142: 13138: 13136:0-85115-732-7 13132: 13128: 13124: 13123:Gillingham, J 13120: 13116: 13110: 13094: 13090: 13086: 13082: 13078: 13074: 13068: 13064: 13059: 13055: 13048: 13043: 13039: 13035: 13031: 13027: 13023: 13019: 13018: 13012: 13008: 13003: 12999: 12997:0-85323-036-6 12993: 12989: 12986:. Liverpool: 12985: 12980: 12976: 12970: 12966: 12962: 12957: 12953: 12949: 12945: 12939: 12935: 12930: 12926: 12911: 12907: 12903: 12902: 12896: 12890: 12886: 12871: 12867: 12863: 12862: 12856: 12850: 12846: 12831: 12827: 12823: 12822: 12816: 12810: 12806: 12804:0-19-822154-1 12800: 12796: 12791: 12787: 12783: 12779: 12775: 12771: 12767: 12763: 12759: 12758: 12752: 12748: 12746:87-635-0612-2 12742: 12737: 12732: 12728: 12724: 12723: 12717: 12713: 12709: 12705: 12701: 12697: 12693: 12689: 12685: 12681: 12677: 12676: 12668: 12664: 12660: 12656: 12650: 12646: 12641: 12637: 12635:1-85182-974-1 12631: 12627: 12622: 12618: 12614: 12610: 12608:1-84383-122-8 12604: 12600: 12596: 12592: 12587: 12583: 12581:0-415-94052-4 12577: 12573: 12568: 12564: 12549: 12545: 12541: 12540: 12534: 12528: 12524: 12509: 12505: 12501: 12500: 12494: 12488: 12484: 12469: 12465: 12461: 12460: 12454: 12448: 12444: 12429: 12425: 12421: 12420: 12414: 12408: 12404: 12402:1-85182-489-8 12398: 12394: 12390: 12386: 12381: 12377: 12373: 12369: 12367:0-85115-573-1 12363: 12359: 12355: 12351: 12346: 12342: 12338: 12334: 12330: 12323: 12318: 12314: 12312:1-85285-122-8 12308: 12304: 12300: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12281: 12277: 12272: 12268: 12264: 12260: 12256: 12252: 12248: 12244: 12240: 12239: 12233: 12229: 12225: 12224: 12218: 12214: 12210: 12206: 12200: 12196: 12192: 12187: 12183: 12181:0-521-38069-3 12177: 12173: 12170:. Cambridge: 12169: 12165: 12161: 12157: 12153: 12146: 12141: 12137: 12135:1-85109-445-8 12131: 12127: 12122: 12118: 12116:1-85109-445-8 12112: 12108: 12104: 12100: 12095: 12080: 12076: 12074:0-9535226-2-8 12070: 12066: 12059: 12054: 12050: 12046: 12042: 12041: 12036: 12032: 12028: 12026:0-415-94052-4 12022: 12018: 12013: 12009: 12007:0-415-94052-4 12003: 11999: 11994: 11990: 11986: 11982: 11978: 11974: 11969: 11965: 11961: 11957: 11951: 11947: 11942: 11938: 11932: 11928: 11925:. Edinburgh: 11924: 11919: 11904: 11900: 11896: 11892: 11888: 11887: 11879: 11874: 11870: 11866: 11862: 11858: 11854: 11850: 11846: 11842: 11838: 11834: 11829: 11825: 11821: 11817: 11811: 11807: 11803: 11799: 11795: 11790: 11786: 11782: 11781: 11775: 11771: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11753: 11749: 11745: 11741: 11737: 11733: 11729: 11724: 11720: 11718:1-84158-253-0 11714: 11710: 11707:. Edinburgh: 11706: 11701: 11697: 11691: 11687: 11683: 11679: 11675: 11671: 11667: 11661: 11657: 11652: 11640: 11636: 11635: 11629: 11625: 11619: 11615: 11611: 11606: 11602: 11598: 11594: 11590: 11586: 11582: 11578: 11574: 11570: 11566: 11565: 11559: 11548: 11544: 11543: 11542:H-Net Reviews 11538: 11533: 11529: 11525: 11521: 11517: 11513: 11509: 11505: 11501: 11500: 11494: 11479: 11475: 11473:0-9535226-3-6 11469: 11465: 11458: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11441: 11437: 11433: 11429: 11425: 11421: 11416: 11412: 11408: 11404: 11400: 11396: 11392: 11388: 11384: 11383: 11377: 11373: 11371:0-19-822473-7 11367: 11363: 11359: 11355: 11351: 11336: 11332: 11328: 11327: 11321: 11315: 11311: 11309:0-521-44182-X 11305: 11301: 11296: 11292: 11286: 11282: 11281: 11276: 11272: 11268: 11264: 11262:0-11-491728-0 11258: 11254: 11250: 11249: 11244: 11240: 11236: 11232: 11226: 11222: 11216: 11212: 11208: 11204: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11185: 11184: 11172: 11168: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11153: 11149: 11148: 11142: 11138: 11137: 11132: 11128: 11124: 11120: 11116: 11115: 11110: 11106: 11094: 11090: 11086: 11074: 11070: 11066: 11054: 11050: 11046: 11034: 11030: 11026: 11023: 11019: 11018: 11012: 11008: 11006:82-7061-192-1 11002: 10997: 10992: 10988: 10984: 10980: 10976: 10975: 10970: 10966: 10962: 10958: 10954: 10950: 10949: 10944: 10940: 10936: 10935:David Douglas 10932: 10931: 10926: 10922: 10918: 10912: 10896: 10892: 10888: 10884: 10880: 10879: 10874: 10870: 10857: 10852: 10850:0-19-822256-4 10846: 10842: 10838: 10837: 10832: 10828: 10824: 10823: 10817: 10813: 10809: 10808: 10803: 10799: 10795: 10791: 10787: 10786: 10781: 10777: 10773: 10769: 10765: 10764: 10758: 10754: 10750: 10746: 10745: 10739: 10735: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10717: 10713: 10712: 10707: 10703: 10699: 10695: 10691: 10687: 10686: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10671: 10665: 10661: 10657: 10653: 10647: 10643: 10638: 10637: 10630: 10626: 10622: 10621: 10616: 10612: 10608: 10604: 10600: 10599: 10594: 10591:Grainger, F; 10589: 10585: 10581: 10577: 10576: 10571: 10567: 10561: 10557: 10553: 10548: 10544: 10538: 10522: 10518: 10514: 10510: 10504: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10470: 10454: 10450: 10446: 10442: 10436: 10420: 10416: 10412: 10408: 10402: 10386: 10382: 10378: 10374: 10368: 10352: 10348: 10344: 10340: 10336: 10335: 10330: 10326: 10322: 10316: 10300: 10296: 10292: 10288: 10284: 10278: 10262: 10261: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10246:0-86241-787-2 10242: 10238: 10235:. Edinburgh: 10234: 10230: 10226: 10222: 10218: 10214: 10213: 10207: 10203: 10199: 10198: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10178: 10173: 10161: 10157: 10153: 10141: 10137: 10136: 10131: 10127: 10123: 10122: 10117: 10113: 10109: 10108: 10102: 10098: 10094: 10090: 10086: 10085: 10080: 10076: 10072: 10066: 10050: 10046: 10042: 10038: 10037: 10020: 10015: 10013: 10011: 10003: 9998: 9991: 9986: 9979: 9978:Duffy (2004d) 9975: 9971: 9967: 9963: 9959: 9954: 9947: 9943: 9938: 9931: 9926: 9919: 9916:pp. 313–314; 9915: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9898:Duffy (2004d) 9895: 9891: 9887: 9883: 9878: 9871: 9866: 9859: 9855: 9850: 9843: 9840:pp. 313–314; 9839: 9835: 9831: 9827: 9826:Duffy (2004d) 9823: 9819: 9815: 9811: 9807: 9802: 9795: 9791: 9786: 9779: 9777: 9772: 9768: 9764: 9759: 9752: 9748: 9744: 9740: 9735: 9728: 9723: 9716: 9711: 9704: 9700: 9696: 9691: 9684: 9680: 9679:Duffy (2004b) 9676: 9671: 9664: 9660: 9655: 9648: 9645:pp. 78, 190; 9644: 9639: 9632: 9629:pp. 78, 189; 9628: 9623: 9616: 9612: 9607: 9600: 9598: 9593: 9592:Oliver (1861) 9589: 9585: 9581: 9577: 9572: 9565: 9561: 9556: 9549: 9544: 9537: 9533: 9528: 9521: 9517: 9512: 9505: 9501: 9497: 9496:Duffy (2004d) 9493: 9489: 9485: 9480: 9473: 9469: 9465: 9461: 9457: 9453: 9448: 9441: 9437: 9434:pp. 70, 123; 9433: 9429: 9424: 9417: 9413: 9408: 9401: 9396: 9389: 9384: 9378:pp. 113, 118. 9377: 9373: 9369: 9365: 9360: 9353: 9348: 9341: 9337: 9336:Lawrie (1910) 9333: 9329: 9325: 9321: 9317: 9312: 9305: 9301: 9296: 9289: 9284: 9277: 9272: 9265: 9261: 9256: 9249: 9246:pp. 174–175; 9245: 9240: 9233: 9228: 9221: 9216: 9209: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9195: 9187: 9183: 9179: 9174: 9167: 9163: 9158: 9151: 9146: 9139: 9134: 9127: 9125: 9121:pp. 229–230; 9120: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9100: 9095: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9071: 9069: 9061: 9056: 9049: 9044: 9037: 9033: 9028: 9021: 9020:Sayers (2004) 9017: 9012: 9005: 9004:Sayers (2004) 9000: 8993: 8989: 8984: 8977: 8972: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8952: 8945: 8941: 8937: 8932: 8925: 8920: 8913: 8908: 8901: 8896: 8889: 8884: 8877: 8873: 8868: 8861: 8856: 8849: 8845: 8841: 8837: 8832: 8825: 8820: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8800: 8794:pp. 171, 180. 8793: 8788: 8781: 8777: 8772: 8765: 8760: 8753: 8751: 8746: 8743:pp. 170–171; 8742: 8738: 8734: 8730: 8726: 8722: 8717: 8710: 8706: 8702: 8699:p. 93 n. 45; 8698: 8694: 8689: 8682: 8677: 8670: 8668: 8663: 8661: 8656: 8652: 8651:Barrow (1980) 8647: 8640: 8638: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8622:pp. 68, 196; 8621: 8617: 8612: 8605: 8603: 8598: 8597:Oliver (1861) 8594: 8590: 8587:pp. 68, 204; 8586: 8582: 8577: 8570: 8565: 8558: 8554: 8551:pp. 66, 192; 8550: 8545: 8538: 8536: 8532:pp. 100–101; 8531: 8526: 8519: 8514: 8507: 8503: 8498: 8491: 8490:Martin (2008) 8486: 8479: 8474: 8467: 8463: 8459: 8455: 8452:pp. 137–138; 8451: 8448:pp. 145–146; 8447: 8442: 8440: 8432: 8427: 8420: 8416: 8415:Davies (1990) 8412: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8395: 8388: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8369: 8365: 8361: 8358:pp. 155–156; 8357: 8352: 8345: 8341: 8340:Stubbs (1871) 8337: 8333: 8329: 8325: 8321: 8320:Duffy (2005a) 8317: 8316:Wadden (2014) 8312: 8305: 8301: 8296: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8278:pp. 126–127; 8277: 8273: 8268: 8262:p. 25 n. 167. 8261: 8257: 8252: 8245: 8241: 8237: 8233: 8232:Duffy (2004a) 8229: 8228:Duffy (2005a) 8225: 8221: 8217: 8212: 8205: 8202:pp. 126–127; 8201: 8198:pp. 137–138; 8197: 8192: 8185: 8181: 8177: 8173: 8168: 8161: 8160:Duffy (2004a) 8157: 8156:Duffy (2005a) 8153: 8150:pp. 136–137; 8149: 8144: 8137: 8133: 8129: 8128:Duffy (2004a) 8125: 8124:Duffy (2005a) 8121: 8117: 8113: 8110:pp. 145–146; 8109: 8104: 8097: 8093: 8088: 8081: 8077: 8074:pp. 124–125; 8073: 8069: 8066:pp. 135–136; 8065: 8060: 8054:p. 357 n. 61. 8053: 8048: 8041: 8036: 8029: 8024: 8017: 8013: 8009: 8008:Duffy (2005b) 8004: 7997: 7992: 7985: 7981: 7977: 7973: 7968: 7961: 7956: 7954: 7946: 7943:pp. 296–297; 7942: 7938: 7933: 7926: 7925:Dimock (1867) 7922: 7918: 7915:pp. 132–133; 7914: 7910: 7906: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7878: 7874: 7870: 7865: 7863: 7855: 7851: 7846: 7839: 7835: 7830: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7810: 7803: 7802:Dimock (1867) 7799: 7795: 7791: 7789: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7774: 7768: 7761: 7757: 7752: 7745: 7740: 7733: 7729: 7725: 7724:Duffy (2005b) 7720: 7713: 7708: 7701: 7696: 7689: 7688:Dimock (1867) 7685: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7664:Duffy (2005b) 7661: 7657: 7654:p. 157 n. 1; 7653: 7648: 7641: 7636: 7629: 7625: 7620: 7613: 7609: 7604: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7580: 7573: 7569: 7564: 7557: 7552: 7545: 7541: 7536: 7529: 7528:Duffy (2004b) 7525: 7521: 7516: 7509: 7505: 7504:French (2015) 7500: 7493: 7490:pp. 171–172; 7489: 7484: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7466:pp. 171–172; 7465: 7460: 7453: 7448: 7446: 7438: 7433: 7426: 7422: 7417: 7415: 7407: 7402: 7395: 7391: 7387: 7382: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7354: 7347: 7343: 7338: 7331: 7327: 7322: 7315: 7310: 7303: 7299: 7294: 7287: 7282: 7275: 7271: 7266: 7259: 7258:Wadden (2014) 7254: 7252: 7244: 7240: 7237:p. 16 n. 76; 7236: 7232: 7231:Martin (2008) 7228: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7211: 7204: 7200: 7197:pp. 296–297; 7196: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7173:pp. 215–216; 7172: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7139:Wadden (2014) 7136: 7132: 7128: 7123: 7116: 7111: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7091: 7084: 7080: 7078: 7073: 7071: 7065: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7040: 7035: 7033: 7027: 7020: 7016: 7011: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6986: 6981: 6979: 6973: 6966: 6962: 6960: 6955: 6953: 6947: 6940: 6936: 6931: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6913:pp. 126–127; 6912: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6885:pp. 145–146; 6884: 6879: 6877: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6852: 6850: 6842: 6839:p. 85 n. 88; 6838: 6833: 6826: 6821: 6819: 6811: 6810:Butler (1845) 6808:pp. 128–129; 6807: 6803: 6798: 6791: 6786: 6779: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6762: 6757: 6750: 6745: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6713: 6706: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6687: 6685: 6681:pp. 439–440; 6680: 6675: 6668: 6664: 6660: 6655: 6648: 6646: 6642:pp. 439–440; 6641: 6636: 6629: 6627: 6622: 6618: 6616: 6611: 6607: 6602: 6595: 6593: 6588: 6586: 6581: 6578:pp. 439–440; 6577: 6572: 6565: 6560: 6553: 6549: 6544: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6508: 6502:pp. 150, 260. 6501: 6497: 6492: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6476:Sellar (2004) 6472: 6465: 6464:Duffy (2004b) 6461: 6456: 6449: 6446:pp. 258–259; 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6430:pp. 128–129; 6429: 6424: 6417: 6414:pp. 258–259; 6413: 6409: 6406:pp. 128–129; 6405: 6401: 6396: 6389: 6384: 6377: 6372: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6347: 6342: 6338: 6336: 6330: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6302:Sellar (2000) 6299: 6298:Sellar (2004) 6295: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6278: 6271: 6270:Duffy (2004b) 6267: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6242: 6240: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6219: 6217: 6209: 6207: 6203:pp. 100–101; 6202: 6199:pp. 62, 246; 6198: 6194: 6190: 6185: 6183: 6175: 6173: 6169:pp. 100–101; 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6151: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6127: 6121:p. 421 n. 10. 6120: 6115: 6108: 6104: 6099: 6092: 6087: 6080: 6075: 6068: 6063: 6061: 6053: 6051: 6046: 6042: 6039:p. 196 n. 5; 6038: 6034: 6030: 6025: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6003:pp. 248–249; 6002: 5999:p. 196 n. 5; 5998: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5941: 5937: 5934:pp. 244–245; 5933: 5929: 5924: 5917: 5912: 5905: 5901: 5896: 5889: 5884: 5877: 5876:Barrow (1994) 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5858:pp. 118–119; 5857: 5853: 5850:p. 30 n. 51; 5849: 5845: 5840: 5833: 5830:pp. 118–119; 5829: 5824: 5817: 5812: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5794:pp. 118–122; 5793: 5788: 5781: 5776: 5769: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5750: 5745: 5743: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5722: 5715: 5713: 5708: 5706: 5702:pp. III–VII; 5701: 5699: 5695:p. 196 n. 5; 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5681:Barrow (1995) 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5653:Taylor (2016) 5649: 5642: 5638: 5633: 5626: 5621: 5619: 5612:vol. 19 § 35. 5611: 5609: 5604: 5603:Hunter (1844) 5600: 5597:p. 246 n. 4; 5596: 5593:p. 196 n. 5; 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5563: 5556: 5554: 5549: 5547: 5543:pp. III–VII; 5542: 5540: 5534: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5511: 5507: 5502: 5495: 5490: 5483: 5478: 5476: 5468: 5463: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5443:Rixson (1982) 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5399: 5392: 5387: 5380: 5375: 5369:p. 85 n. 127. 5368: 5363: 5356: 5352: 5351:Lawrie (1910) 5349:pp. 231–232; 5348: 5344: 5340: 5339:Rixson (1982) 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5309:pp. 143–144; 5308: 5307:Barrow (2006) 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5272: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5232: 5225: 5221: 5220:Lawrie (1910) 5217: 5213: 5209: 5206:pp. 8–9, 12; 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5184:Rixson (2001) 5181: 5178:pp. 243–244; 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5152:Wadden (2014) 5149: 5144: 5137: 5132: 5125: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5106: 5105:Duffy (2004c) 5102: 5101:French (2015) 5097: 5090: 5086: 5085:Duffy (2004c) 5082: 5078: 5077:Wadden (2014) 5073: 5066: 5061: 5054: 5053:Clancy (2008) 5049: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5021:Wadden (2014) 5017: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4985:Butter (2007) 4982: 4978: 4977:Clancy (2008) 4974: 4970: 4968: 4963: 4961: 4956: 4955:Wadden (2014) 4951: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4927:Duffy (2004c) 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4895:Wadden (2014) 4891: 4884: 4883:Duffy (2004c) 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4863: 4856: 4851: 4844: 4842: 4837: 4836:Oliver (1861) 4833: 4829: 4824: 4817: 4816:Rixson (1982) 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4796: 4789: 4788:Rixson (1982) 4785: 4781: 4777: 4772: 4765: 4761: 4756: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4736: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4716: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4692: 4690: 4683:p. 57 fig. 9. 4682: 4678: 4677:Cubbon (1952) 4674: 4673:Rixson (1982) 4670: 4666: 4661: 4654: 4649: 4642: 4637: 4630: 4626: 4621: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4586: 4581: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4533:Abrams (2007) 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4509: 4507: 4499: 4494: 4492: 4484: 4481:pp. 225–226; 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4463:Clancy (2008) 4459: 4453:p. 423 n. 26. 4452: 4447: 4440: 4435: 4428: 4424: 4419: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4387:Sellar (2000) 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4367: 4360: 4359:Duffy (2004b) 4356: 4352: 4347: 4340: 4335: 4328: 4324: 4323:Lawrie (1910) 4320: 4316: 4312: 4311:Hudson (2005) 4308: 4303: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4271:Hudson (2005) 4268: 4265:pp. 106–107; 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4236: 4233:pp. 421–422; 4232: 4228: 4223: 4216: 4213:p. 93 n. 43; 4212: 4207: 4200: 4196: 4191: 4184: 4179: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4151: 4144: 4140: 4135: 4128: 4123: 4117:pp. 165, 197. 4116: 4112: 4107: 4100: 4095: 4088: 4083: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4061:pp. 67, 116; 4060: 4056: 4055:Wadden (2014) 4052: 4047: 4040: 4039:Rixson (2001) 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4015: 4008: 4003: 3996: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3977: 3972: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3949: 3945: 3940: 3933: 3928: 3921: 3916: 3909: 3905: 3904:Lawrie (1910) 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3884: 3882: 3874: 3869: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3845:Wadden (2014) 3842: 3837: 3831:p. 27 tab. 1. 3830: 3825: 3823: 3815: 3814:Sellar (2000) 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3794: 3787: 3783: 3780:p. 259 tab.; 3779: 3775: 3774:Sellar (2000) 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3739: 3734: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3702:Duffy (2004b) 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3646: 3639: 3634: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3583: 3578: 3571: 3566: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3538:Hudson (2005) 3535: 3531: 3530:Abrams (2007) 3527: 3523: 3519: 3514: 3507: 3502: 3495: 3491: 3490:Duffy (2004b) 3486: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3470:Duffy (2004b) 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3378: 3371: 3370:Duffy (2005a) 3366: 3359: 3354: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3316: 3311: 3309: 3301: 3296: 3289: 3284: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3216:Duffy (2004b) 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3185: 3184:McLeod (2002) 3180: 3178: 3170: 3165: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3097:Sellar (2004) 3094: 3093:Duffy (2004d) 3090: 3089:Duffy (2004b) 3086: 3085:Duffy (2004a) 3082: 3078: 3074: 3073:Hudson (2005) 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3057:Abrams (2007) 3054: 3053:Martin (2008) 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3029:Wadden (2014) 3026: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3006: 3001: 2999: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2970:Barrow (2006) 2967: 2963: 2958: 2951: 2949: 2944: 2943:Dimock (1867) 2939: 2935: 2923: 2917: 2910: 2909:Castle Rushen 2906: 2900: 2894:Muirchertach. 2890: 2883: 2879: 2878:Faroe Islands 2876:, one in the 2875: 2871: 2867: 2861: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2839: 2832: 2828: 2826: 2820: 2818: 2810: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2789: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2765: 2761: 2760: 2753: 2746: 2740: 2733: 2731: 2725: 2723: 2717: 2711: 2704: 2700: 2694: 2687: 2681: 2674: 2668: 2658: 2651: 2647: 2641: 2631: 2624: 2618: 2611: 2607: 2601: 2594: 2593: 2592:Gall Gaidheil 2586: 2579: 2572: 2562: 2555: 2553: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2525: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2384: 2380: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2325: 2317: 2316: 2313: 2312: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2300: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2276: 2275: 2270: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2240: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2201: 2193: 2192: 2189: 2188: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2176: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2150: 2143: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2103: 2102: 2097: 2096: 2090: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2067: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2041: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2011: 2008: 2007: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1962: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1923: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1906: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1876: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1852: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1826: 1819: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1792: 1775: 1774: 1769: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1720: 1719: 1714: 1713: 1706: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1689: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1666: 1665: 1660: 1659: 1653: 1647: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1620: 1617: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1590: 1587: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1559: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1532: 1528: 1525:The ruins of 1523: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1499: 1497: 1490: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1468: 1466: 1459: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1411:episcopal see 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1330: 1324: 1322: 1316: 1314: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1287: 1285: 1279: 1274: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1257:Cenél nEógain 1254: 1245: 1243: 1236: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1213:County Antrim 1209: 1207: 1203: 1202:British Isles 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1000: 995: 991: 988: 984: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 961: 960:Magh Fitharta 955: 953: 947: 943: 941: 940:Magh Fitharta 935: 930: 928: 926: 920: 911: 906: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 874: 872: 871:Meic Torcaill 868: 858: 854: 852: 848: 844: 843: 838: 830: 826: 825:Meic Somairle 822: 818: 814: 805: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 766: 762: 761: 756: 755: 750: 741: 737: 732: 728: 726: 722: 713: 711: 704: 700: 698: 694: 689: 685: 681: 677: 669: 667: 661: 657: 652: 643: 640: 636: 635: 630: 629:attacked Mann 626: 618: 616: 610: 609: 603: 599: 597: 593: 585: 583: 577: 576: 570: 566: 562: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 539: 534: 533:naval battles 530: 526: 522: 518: 508: 504: 500: 486: 472: 458: 456: 452: 443: 442: 437: 432: 428: 425: 421: 415: 413: 409: 405: 401: 396: 393:Although the 388: 384: 380: 375: 366: 364: 363:Meic Somairle 360: 356: 352: 344: 342: 336: 335: 329: 325: 323: 319: 318: 312: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 273: 264: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 241: 236: 232: 227: 225: 221: 217: 213: 208: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 177: 173: 170: 167: 163: 160: 157: 155: 151: 145: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 128: 126: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 102: 98: 95: 90: 86: 82: 78: 73: 71: 65: 64: 57: 52: 49: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 16818:Middle Irish 16734: 16722: 16697:Darraðarljóð 16695: 16688: 16648:Old Scatness 16466:Caittil Find 16420:Isabel Bruce 16236:Óspakr-Hákon 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Retrieved 14763: 14738: 14719:. Retrieved 14712:the original 14699: 14695: 14670:11 September 14668:. Retrieved 14654: 14634: 14610: 14601: 14597: 14558: 14529: 14508: 14490:B T Batsford 14485: 14452: 14433: 14414: 14397: 14391: 14351: 14347: 14330: 14326: 14309: 14305: 14296: 14277: 14265:. Retrieved 14260:the original 14243: 14223: 14180: 14176: 14153: 14134: 14115: 14096: 14066: 14042:. Retrieved 14028: 14005: 13999: 13980: 13976: 13953: 13949: 13909: 13905: 13870: 13835: 13804: 13785: 13766: 13747: 13728: 13687: 13683: 13664: 13638: 13619: 13596: 13561: 13533: 13505: 13491: 13467: 13426: 13422: 13412:Kermode, PMC 13382:(1): 18–64. 13379: 13375: 13349: 13314: 13291: 13253:(1): 27–36. 13250: 13246: 13227: 13204:. Retrieved 13190: 13162: 13146: 13126: 13097:. Retrieved 13092: 13062: 13053: 13024:(1): 21–35. 13021: 13015: 13006: 12983: 12964: 12933: 12913:. Retrieved 12899: 12873:. Retrieved 12859: 12833:. 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Retrieved 10894: 10877: 10861:. Retrieved 10856:the original 10835: 10821: 10812:Manx Society 10806: 10784: 10762: 10743: 10710: 10684: 10669: 10635: 10619: 10597: 10574: 10551: 10525:. Retrieved 10520: 10491:. Retrieved 10486: 10457:. Retrieved 10452: 10423:. Retrieved 10418: 10389:. Retrieved 10384: 10355:. Retrieved 10350: 10333: 10303:. Retrieved 10299:the original 10294: 10265:. Retrieved 10258: 10232: 10211: 10196: 10176: 10164:. Retrieved 10159: 10144:. Retrieved 10133: 10120: 10116:Anderson, MO 10106: 10083: 10079:Anderson, AO 10053:. Retrieved 10049:the original 10044: 9997: 9985: 9974:Brown (2004) 9966:Woolf (2007) 9953: 9946:Woolf (2007) 9937: 9925: 9877: 9865: 9849: 9801: 9796:pp. 155–156. 9785: 9780:p. 249 § 12. 9775: 9767:Power (2005) 9763:Power (2013) 9758: 9751:Power (2005) 9743:Power (2013) 9734: 9727:Freke (2002) 9722: 9715:Freke (1990) 9710: 9703:Freke (1990) 9699:Freke (2002) 9690: 9683:Freke (2002) 9670: 9654: 9638: 9633:pp. 116–117. 9622: 9613:p. 34 tab.; 9611:Power (2005) 9606: 9596: 9590:p. 711 § 5; 9571: 9566:pp. 215–216. 9555: 9543: 9527: 9511: 9506:pp. 410–427. 9504:Skene (1890) 9479: 9447: 9423: 9416:Freke (1990) 9412:Freke (2002) 9407: 9395: 9383: 9359: 9347: 9342:pp. 228–229. 9328:Power (2005) 9311: 9306:pp. 117–118. 9295: 9283: 9271: 9266:pp. 117–118. 9260:Woolf (2003) 9255: 9244:Woolf (2003) 9239: 9227: 9220:Woolf (2003) 9215: 9205: 9173: 9166:Helle (2003) 9157: 9145: 9138:Helle (2003) 9133: 9123: 9111:Woolf (2003) 9103:Power (2005) 9094: 9083:Helle (2003) 9060:Power (2005) 9055: 9048:Power (2005) 9043: 9036:Power (2005) 9027: 9016:Power (2005) 9011: 8999: 8992:Helle (2003) 8983: 8976:Power (2005) 8971: 8960:Power (2005) 8951: 8940:Woolf (2003) 8931: 8919: 8914:pp. 428–429. 8907: 8895: 8890:pp. 425–428. 8883: 8878:pp. 425–426. 8867: 8862:pp. 171–172. 8860:Woolf (2003) 8855: 8831: 8819: 8799: 8792:Woolf (2003) 8787: 8782:p. 37 n. 37. 8780:Power (2005) 8771: 8759: 8749: 8733:Duffy (1993) 8716: 8688: 8676: 8666: 8659: 8646: 8636: 8624:Duffy (1993) 8611: 8601: 8576: 8564: 8557:Woolf (2001) 8544: 8534: 8525: 8513: 8506:Duffy (1991) 8497: 8485: 8473: 8466:Duffy (1991) 8462:Duffy (1993) 8458:Duffy (1995) 8431:Duffy (1995) 8426: 8419:Power (1986) 8411:Duffy (1993) 8407:Duffy (1995) 8394: 8384: 8375: 8368:Duffy (1993) 8351: 8344:Riley (1853) 8336:Duffy (1993) 8332:Duffy (1995) 8311: 8306:pp. 126–127. 8295: 8284:Duffy (1993) 8280:Duffy (1995) 8267: 8260:Duffy (1995) 8251: 8240:Duffy (1993) 8236:Duffy (1995) 8216:Veach (2014) 8211: 8204:Duffy (1996) 8191: 8184:Duffy (1993) 8180:Duffy (1995) 8167: 8143: 8136:Power (1986) 8112:Veach (2018) 8103: 8087: 8080:Duffy (1991) 8076:Duffy (1992) 8059: 8047: 8035: 8023: 8016:Simms (1998) 8003: 7991: 7984:Duffy (1992) 7980:Duffy (1993) 7972:Duffy (2007) 7967: 7932: 7917:Duffy (1991) 7913:Duffy (1992) 7909:Duffy (1993) 7897:Power (2005) 7885:Duffy (2007) 7877:Wyatt (2009) 7873:Wyatt (2018) 7854:Duffy (1992) 7845: 7829: 7822:Duffy (1992) 7814:Duffy (2007) 7809: 7794:Duffy (1992) 7787: 7783:Duffy (2007) 7772: 7767: 7760:Duffy (1992) 7756:Duffy (2007) 7751: 7744:Duffy (1992) 7739: 7732:Duffy (1992) 7728:Duffy (1998) 7719: 7707: 7702:p. 157 n. 1. 7695: 7680:Duffy (1992) 7678:pp. 46, 60; 7676:Duffy (1993) 7672:Duffy (1998) 7660:Duffy (2007) 7647: 7635: 7630:pp. 131–132. 7628:Duffy (1992) 7624:Duffy (1998) 7619: 7612:Duffy (1998) 7603: 7596:Duffy (1992) 7592:Duffy (1998) 7579: 7563: 7556:Duffy (2007) 7551: 7535: 7524:Duffy (2007) 7515: 7508:Simms (1998) 7499: 7483: 7478:pp. 121–122. 7476:Duffy (1992) 7472:Duffy (1993) 7470:pp. 67, 76; 7459: 7454:pp. 171–172. 7432: 7401: 7394:Duffy (1993) 7386:Duffy (2007) 7381: 7374:Duffy (1993) 7370:Duffy (1999) 7358:Duffy (2007) 7353: 7337: 7321: 7309: 7302:Duffy (2007) 7293: 7288:p. 16 n. 76. 7281: 7274:Duffy (1992) 7265: 7245:p. 297 n. 1. 7210: 7187:Power (1986) 7179:Duffy (1992) 7175:Duffy (1993) 7151:Duffy (2007) 7122: 7110: 7103:Duffy (1992) 7099:Duffy (1993) 7095:Duffy (2007) 7090: 7083:Duffy (1993) 7076: 7069: 7064: 7057:Duffy (1992) 7053:Duffy (1993) 7045:Duffy (2007) 7038: 7031: 7026: 7019:Duffy (1992) 7015:Duffy (1993) 7010: 7003:Duffy (1992) 6999:Duffy (1993) 6991:Duffy (2007) 6984: 6977: 6972: 6965:Duffy (1993) 6958: 6951: 6946: 6939:Duffy (1992) 6930: 6921:p. 230–231; 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4366: 4346: 4334: 4329:pp. 228–229. 4325:p. 115 § 6; 4302: 4275:Power (2005) 4249:ch. 4 ¶ 18; 4247:Rubin (2014) 4242: 4222: 4206: 4190: 4178: 4150: 4134: 4122: 4106: 4094: 4082: 4046: 4035:Brown (2004) 4031:Woolf (2005) 4014: 4002: 3992: 3983: 3971: 3955: 3939: 3927: 3915: 3910:pp. 228–229. 3906:p. 115 § 6; 3898:pp. 72, 79; 3868: 3836: 3793: 3770:Brown (2004) 3768:p. 34 tab.; 3766:Power (2005) 3745: 3733: 3717: 3698:Woolf (2007) 3686:Duffy (2007) 3662:Veach (2014) 3658:Rubin (2014) 3645: 3633: 3622:Duffy (2007) 3617: 3610:Duffy (1992) 3606:Duffy (1993) 3602:Woolf (2005) 3598:Veach (2014) 3589: 3582:Duffy (1995) 3577: 3565: 3546:Woolf (2003) 3513: 3501: 3485: 3462:Power (2005) 3454:Duffy (2006) 3450:Woolf (2007) 3438:Duffy (2007) 3398:Veach (2014) 3394:Rubin (2014) 3382:Veach (2018) 3377: 3365: 3353: 3337: 3295: 3283: 3267: 3256:Duffy (2007) 3251: 3244:Duffy (1991) 3240:Duffy (1992) 3236:Duffy (1993) 3232:Duffy (1995) 3224:Duffy (1999) 3220:Woolf (2001) 3212:Woolf (2004) 3208:Woolf (2005) 3200:Veach (2014) 3191: 3169:Rubin (2014) 3164: 3153:Power (1986) 3145:Freke (1990) 3113:Freke (2002) 3101:Woolf (2003) 3012: 3005:Coira (2012) 2978:Brown (2004) 2962:Coira (2012) 2957: 2947: 2938: 2916: 2899: 2889: 2860: 2838: 2822: 2814: 2809: 2788: 2771: 2763: 2757: 2752: 2744: 2739: 2727: 2719: 2710: 2693: 2680: 2672: 2667: 2657: 2640: 2630: 2617: 2600: 2590: 2585: 2571: 2561: 2549: 2545: 2533: 2524: 2516: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2383: 1612: 1592: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1563: 1555: 1546: 1543:Óláfr svarti 1538: 1536: 1506: 1503: 1493: 1479:Peterborough 1472: 1462: 1440:metropolitan 1436: 1414:dioceses of 1367: 1338: 1326: 1318: 1310: 1291: 1281: 1249: 1239: 1210: 1185: 1183: 1141: 1132: 1129: 1121: 1117: 1099: 1097: 1061: 1027:Mac Scelling 1023: 1018: 1014: 1007:papal legate 1004: 982: 969: 966:Boyne Valley 957: 949: 937: 933: 931: 922: 918: 915: 875: 863: 846: 840: 834: 773: 760:Heimskringla 758: 752: 745: 720: 717: 707: 673: 663: 632: 622: 612: 606: 591: 589: 579: 574: 536: 514: 451:Vita Ailredi 450: 447: 439: 424:Gallovidians 416: 411: 403: 394: 392: 369:Early career 348: 338: 332: 315: 313: 278: 261:Óláfr svarti 228: 209: 184: 183: 144:Óláfr svarti 67: 61: 47: 36: 17024:1187 deaths 16935:Vestrajǫrðr 16910:Isle of Man 16586:Archaeology 16486:Olvir Rosta 15966:9th century 15605:9th century 14891:(1): 1–28. 14731:Sellar, WDH 14721:18 December 13956:: 161–173. 13661:Cosgrove, A 13372:Johnsen, AO 12835:27 November 12682:: 192–220. 12663:Duncan, AAM 12595:Britnell, R 11912:23 December 11682:Boardman, S 11645:22 February 11552:25 February 11506:: 419–434. 11426:(1): 1–20. 11358:Barrow, GWS 11271:Bartlett, R 10002:Oram (2000) 9976:pp. 76–78; 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6905:pp. 74–75; 6903:Oram (2000) 6862:pp. 74–75; 6860:Oram (2000) 6825:Oram (2000) 6792:p. 178 tab. 6596:p. 305 fig. 6498:pp. 70–71; 6482:pp. 70–71; 6428:Oram (2011) 6404:Oram (2011) 6388:Oram (2011) 6352:Oram (2000) 6341:Oram (2011) 6312:pp. 61–62; 6286:Oram (2011) 5993:Oram (2000) 5936:Oram (2000) 5928:Oram (2011) 5872:Oram (2000) 5856:Oram (2011) 5832:Oram (2000) 5828:Oram (2011) 5816:Oram (2011) 5796:Oram (2000) 5792:Oram (2011) 5780:Oram (2000) 5763:pp. 60–61; 5749:Oram (2011) 5683:pp. 11–12; 5677:Oram (2000) 5657:Oram (2011) 5641:Oram (2000) 5637:Oram (2011) 5625:Oram (2000) 5599:Bain (1881) 5583:Oram (2000) 5571:Oram (2011) 5522:Oram (2000) 5494:Oram (2011) 5427:Oram (2000) 5407:Oram (2011) 5367:Oram (2000) 5341:pp. 86–87; 5319:Oram (2000) 5295:Oram (2011) 5202:pp. 40–41; 5188:Oram (2000) 5164:Oram (2011) 5136:Oram (2011) 5025:Oram (2011) 5023:pp. 30–31; 5001:Oram (2000) 4973:Oram (2011) 4971:§ 1154.11; 4964:§ 1154.11; 4941:pp. 42–43; 4935:Oram (2000) 4933:pp. 41–42; 4899:Oram (2011) 4897:pp. 29–31; 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