40:
2130:
2142:
151:
peri-cardiac arrest care: Airway management, ventilation, CPR compressions (continued from BLS), defibrillation, and medications. Due to the seriousness of the diseases treated, the paucity of data known about most ACLS patients, and the need for multiple, rapid, simultaneous treatments, ACLS is executed as a standardized, algorithmic set of treatments. Successful ACLS treatment starts with diagnosis of the correct
461:
the course is usually the final requirement to receive certification. After receiving initial certification, providers must usually recertify every two years in a class with similar content that lasts about seven hours. Widely accepted providers of ACLS certification include, non-exclusively: American Heart
Association, American Red cross, European Resuscitation Council or the Australian Resuscitation Council.
436:
115:(BLS) by adding recommendations on additional medication and advanced procedure use to the CPR guidelines that are fundamental and efficacious in BLS. ACLS is practiced by advanced medical providers including physicians, some nurses and paramedics; these providers are usually required to hold certifications in ACLS care.
493:
Some studies have raised concerns that ACLS education can be inconstantly or inadequately taught which can result in poor retention, leading to poor ACLS performance. One study from 1998 looked at the ACLS use of epinephrine, atropine, bicarbonate, calcium, lidocaine, and bretylium in cardiac arrests
484:
Like a medical intervention, researchers have had to ask whether ACLS is effective. Data generally demonstrates that patients have better survival outcomes (increased ROSC, increased survival to hospital discharge and/or superior neurological outcomes) when they receive ACLS; however a large study of
460:
BLS proficiency is usually a prerequisite to ACLS training; however the initial portions of an ACLS class may cover CPR. Initial training usually takes around 15 hours and includes both classroom instruction and hands-on simulation experience; passing a test, with a practical component, at the end of
497:
Research on ACLS can be challenging because ACLS is a bundle of care recommendations; with each individual treatment component being profoundly consequential. There is active debate within the resuscitation research community about the value of certain interventions. Active areas of research include
506:
Stemming from the need for standardized, evidence based ACLS guidelines, an international network of academic resuscitation organizations was created. The
International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) is the central, international institution that regional resuscitation committees strive
198:
Successful ACLS treatment generally requires a team of trained individuals. Common team roles include: Leader, back-up leader, 2 CPR performers, an airway/respiratory specialist, an IV access and medication administration specialist, a monitor/ defibrillator attendant, a pharmacist, a lab member to
559:
Austria, Belgium, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey,
207:
ACLS algorithms include multiple, simultaneous treatment recommendations. Some ACLS providers may be required to strictly adhere to these guidelines, however physicians may generally deviate to pursue different evidence-based treatment, especially if they are addressing an underlying cause of the
636:
and were updated in 1980, 1986, 1992, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015. In the 2020 update the guidelines were restructured to align with ILCOR recommendations. These changes include the transition since 2015 away from the previous 5-year update cycle to an online format that can be updated as indicated by
453:
for specialized resuscitation techniques. Specialized resuscitation techniques are not covered by ACLS certifications and their use is restricted to further specialized providers. ACLS education is based on ILCOR recommendations which are then adapted to local practices by authoritative medical
150:
Advanced cardiac life support refers to a set of guidelines used by medical providers to treat life-threatening cardiovascular conditions. These life-threatening conditions range from dangerous arrhythmias to cardiac arrest. ACLS algorithms frequently address at least five different aspects of
448:
Due to the rapidity and complexity of ACLS care, as well as the recommendation that it be performed in a standardized fashion, providers must usually hold certifications in ACLS care. Certifications may be provided by a few different, generally national, organizations but their legitimacy is
527:
process. ILCOR traditionally published updates and recommendations every five years but now conducts continuous review work. ILCOR produces international recommendations which are then adopted by regional resuscitation committees which publish guidelines. Regional guidelines can have more
199:
send samples, and a recorder to document the treatment. For in-hospital events, these members are frequently physicians, mid-level providers, nurses and allied health providers; while for out-of-hospital events, these teams are usually composed of a small number of EMTs and paramedics.
507:
to contribute to and disseminate information from. The centralization of resuscitation research around ILCOR reduces redundant work internationally, allows for collaboration between experts from many regional organizations, and produces higher quality, higher powered research.
449:
ultimately determined by hospital hiring and privileging boards; that is, ACLS certification is frequently a requirement for employment as a health care provider at most hospitals. ACLS certifications usually provide education on the aforementioned aspects of ACLS care
522:
reviews on resuscitation known as "Continuous
Evidence Evaluation (CEE) and Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations (CoSTRs)". ILCOR uses 6 international task forces to review over 180 topics through a structured
1629:
Perkins, Gavin D.; Gräsner, Jan-Thorsen; Semeraro, Federico; Olasveengen, Theresa; Soar, Jasmeet; Lott, Carsten; Voorde, Patrick Van de; Madar, John; Zideman, David; Mentzelopoulos, Spyridon; Bossaert, Leo (2021-04-01).
1363:
Nolan, Jerry P.; Maconochie, Ian; Soar, Jasmeet; Olasveengen, Theresa M.; Greif, Robert; Wyckoff, Myra H.; Singletary, Eunice M.; Aickin, Richard; Berg, Katherine M.; Mancini, Mary E.; Bhanji, Farhan (2020-10-20).
997:
Kurz, Michael
Christopher; Schmicker, Robert H.; Leroux, Brian; Nichol, Graham; Aufderheide, Tom P.; Cheskes, Sheldon; Grunau, Brian; Jasti, Jamie; Kudenchuk, Peter; Vilke, Gary M.; Buick, Jason (July 2018).
649:(ERC) guidelines were developed in 1992. The 2000 ERC guidelines were developed in collaboration with ILCOR. 5-year updates were published from 2000 to 2015 and annual updates have been published since 2017.
107:) refers to a set of clinical guidelines established by the American Heart Association (AHA) for the urgent and emergent treatment of life-threatening cardiovascular conditions that will cause or have caused
489:
patients showed that this effect may only be if ACLS is delivered in the first six minutes of arrest. This study also found that ACLS increases survival but does not produce superior neurological outcomes.
624:
The
International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) was established 1992 to serve as a way for international resuscitation organizations to communicate and collaborate.
1580:
Merchant, Raina M.; Topjian, Alexis A.; Panchal, Ashish R.; Cheng, Adam; Aziz, Khalid; Berg, Katherine M.; Lavonas, Eric J.; Magid, David J.; null, null (2020-10-20).
254:
is achieved. Note: chest compressions are not different in ACLS vs BLS, but continue to be a fundamental part of cardiac arrest care even when ACLS is being executed.
1257:"Interaction of defibrillation waveform with the time to defibrillation or the number of defibrillation attempts on survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest"
1366:"Executive Summary: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations"
122:" (ALS), when used distinctly, ACLS tends to refer to the immediate cardiac care, while ALS tends to refer to more specialized resuscitation care such as
515:
1966:
1970:
208:
arrest and/or unique aspects of a patient's care. ACLS algorithms are complex but the table, below, demonstrates common aspects of ACLS care.
762:
17:
1986:
1730:
1582:"Part 1: Executive Summary: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care"
2092:
1981:
464:
Holding ACLS certification simply attests a provider was tested on knowledge and application of ACLS guidelines. The certification does
845:"Impact of advanced cardiac life support training program on the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a tertiary care hospital"
1958:
1000:"Advanced vs. Basic Life Support in the Treatment of Out-of-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Arrest in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium"
1976:
1698:
1996:
44:
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of an avalanche victim who was medically evacuated to Craig Joint
Theater Hospital in February 2010
2006:
1846:
2001:
1818:
1104:"Do advanced cardiac life support drugs increase resuscitation rates from in-hospital cardiac arrest? The OTAC Study Group"
2187:
2182:
2167:
2086:
2016:
1991:
412:
123:
926:
408:
127:
454:
organizations such as the
American Red Cross, the European Resuscitation Council, or the Resuscitation Council of Asia
486:
251:
1841:
1783:
1723:
2192:
2080:
2020:
1793:
684:
416:
2068:
2062:
1693:
646:
498:
determining the value of vasopressors in arrests, ideal airway use and different waveforms for defibrillation.
404:
1631:
518:
serves as a way for international resuscitation organizations to communicate and collaborate. ILCOR publishes
2145:
2033:
658:
241:
164:
2177:
2074:
2056:
2039:
1788:
1342:
426:
276:
Termination of shockable rhythms. Note: not all cardiac arrest rhythms can be treated with defibrillation.
172:
135:
2133:
1716:
1439:"Clinical Practice Guidelines as Learned Treatises: Understanding Their Use as Evidence in the Courtroom"
1313:
139:
1758:
689:
633:
952:"The efficacy of an ACLS training program for resuscitation from cardiac arrest in a rural community"
425:
Identification of underlying cause of cardiac arrest, augmentation of perfusion and/or treatment of
1255:
Hagihara, Akihito; Onozuka, Daisuke; Ono, Junko; Nagata, Takashi; Hasegawa, Manabu (January 2018).
679:
674:
160:
1413:
710:"Is advanced life support better than basic life support in prehospital care? A systematic review"
950:
Sanders, A. B.; Berg, R. A.; Burress, M.; Genova, R. T.; Kern, K. B.; Ewy, G. A. (January 1994).
420:
156:
1773:
786:
Prince, Cynthia R.; Hines, Elizabeth J.; Chyou, Po-Huang; Heegeman, David J. (September 2014).
1102:
van
Walraven, C.; Stiell, I. G.; Wells, G. A.; HĂ©bert, P. C.; Vandemheen, K. (November 1998).
39:
2114:
1885:
1858:
788:"Finding the Key to a Better Code: Code Team Restructure to Improve Performance and Outcomes"
708:
Ryynänen, Olli-Pekka; Iirola, Timo; Reitala, Janne; Pälve, Heikki; Malmivaara, Antti (2010).
387:
300:
271:
155:
rhythm causing the arrest. Common cardiac arrest rhythms covered by ACLS guidelines include:
119:
1476:
1891:
1768:
1753:
304:
8:
2172:
1870:
1864:
1852:
519:
284:
184:
180:
152:
1648:
1272:
1057:"Review of effective advanced cardiac life support training using experiential learning"
1016:
999:
2044:
1948:
1739:
1669:
1611:
1395:
1237:
1177:
1150:
1037:
879:
844:
820:
787:
736:
709:
532:
than ILCOR recommendations. ILCOR is composed of the following regional organizations:
379:
267:
112:
1703:
1119:
967:
902:
494:
and found that these medications were not associated with higher resuscitation rates.
1943:
1778:
1763:
1673:
1661:
1653:
1615:
1603:
1562:
1558:
1458:
1450:
1399:
1387:
1284:
1276:
1241:
1229:
1221:
1182:
1131:
1123:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1029:
1021:
979:
971:
884:
866:
825:
807:
741:
524:
469:
383:
288:
58:
1041:
472:
as determined by state law or employer protocols; and does not, itself, provide any
1643:
1593:
1554:
1377:
1268:
1213:
1172:
1162:
1115:
1068:
1011:
963:
874:
856:
815:
799:
731:
721:
400:
375:
111:, using advanced medical procedures, medications, and techniques. ACLS expands on
1598:
1581:
1382:
1365:
473:
1521:
843:
Sodhi, Kanwalpreet; Singla, Manender Kumar; Shrivastava, Anupam (October 2011).
1875:
1837:
1826:
669:
343:
326:
318:
292:
263:
188:
108:
1217:
2161:
1803:
1657:
1454:
1280:
1225:
1127:
1080:
1025:
975:
870:
811:
664:
1501:
1256:
1201:
1167:
1151:"Rethinking the role of epinephrine in cardiac arrest: the PARAMEDIC2 trial"
1056:
861:
726:
1798:
1665:
1607:
1566:
1462:
1391:
1288:
1233:
1186:
1103:
1088:
1033:
951:
888:
829:
745:
529:
363:
245:
1135:
983:
803:
600:
Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, United States
118:
While "ACLS" is almost always semantically interchangeable with the term "
1933:
1897:
347:
296:
192:
176:
130:. In the EMS community, "ALS" may refer to the advanced care provided by
2109:
1918:
1832:
371:
355:
339:
322:
331:
Ventilate the lungs to allow for subsequent oxygenation of the blood.
86:
2028:
1913:
1880:
1708:
359:
131:
1438:
714:
Scandinavian
Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
1938:
1928:
1923:
1632:"European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Executive summary"
510:
351:
168:
608:
Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan
1628:
367:
142:; without these terms referring to cardiovascular-specific care.
1443:
Journal of the
American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
1334:
435:
310:
Cleat and protect the airway to allow for adequate ventilation.
1808:
1362:
1101:
927:"Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) Course Options"
392:
Stabilizes arrhythmia, promote ROSC and increase perfusion.
171:. Dangerous, non-arrest rhythms typically covered includes:
71:
Cardiac arrest treatment, Cardiovascular emergency treatment
1579:
1149:
Jung, Julianna; Rice, Julie; Bord, Sharon (December 2018).
1689:
1502:"Members & Alliances – InterAmerican Heart Foundation"
1305:
707:
134:
while "BLS" may refer to the fundamental care provided by
996:
63:
Emergency Medicine, Cardiology, Critical Care, Anesthesia
1254:
949:
785:
632:
The ACLS guidelines were first published in 1974 by the
1545:
Mutchner L (January 2007). "The ABCs of CPR – again".
842:
1200:Carlson, Jestin N.; Wang, Henry E. (October 2020).
1306:"International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation"
2159:
589:Resuscitation Council of Southern Africa (RCSA)
511:International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation
1967:International Federation for Emergency Medicine
763:"Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support"
1971:International Conference on Emergency Medicine
1724:
1202:"Optimal Airway Management in Cardiac Arrest"
1055:Kidd, Tracy; Kendall, Sharon (January 2007).
565:Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (HSFC)
1987:Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians
1148:
2093:Care of the Critically Ill Surgical Patient
1982:Australasian College for Emergency Medicine
1199:
1054:
501:
1731:
1717:
1544:
53:Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support, ACLS
38:
1647:
1597:
1381:
1176:
1166:
1015:
878:
860:
819:
735:
725:
1977:American College of Emergency Physicians
1436:
849:Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine
434:
1997:European Society for Emergency Medicine
14:
2160:
2007:American Academy of Emergency Medicine
1738:
1300:
1298:
597:InterAmerican Heart Foundation (IAHF)
1712:
556:European Resuscitation Council (ERC)
443:
397:Specialized Resuscitation Techniques
191:with rapid ventricular response, and
2002:Asian Society for Emergency Medicine
1437:Recupero, Patricia R. (2008-09-01).
757:
755:
605:Resuscitation Council of Asia (RCA)
266:, double sequential defibrillation,
101:advanced cardiovascular life support
2087:Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics
1992:Royal College of Emergency Medicine
1649:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.003
1573:
1295:
1273:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.11.053
1017:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.04.031
479:
233:Diagnosis of malignant arrhythmia.
24:
581:New Zealand Resuscitation Council
25:
2204:
1683:
1477:"National Resuscitation Councils"
752:
640:
627:
573:Australian Resuscitation Council
548:American Heart Association (AHA)
2140:
2129:
2128:
1784:International emergency medicine
1559:10.1097/00000446-200701000-00024
1155:Annals of Translational Medicine
1073:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01571.x
792:Clinical Medicine & Research
2141:
2081:Pediatric Advanced Life Support
1794:Pre-hospital emergency medicine
1622:
1538:
1514:
1494:
1469:
1430:
1406:
1356:
1345:from the original on 2018-06-26
1327:
1316:from the original on 2020-08-15
1248:
1193:
1142:
1095:
685:Pediatric Advanced Life Support
2069:Acute Care of at-Risk Newborns
2063:Neonatal Resuscitation Program
1694:European Resuscitation Council
1481:European Resuscitation Council
1048:
990:
943:
919:
895:
836:
779:
701:
647:European Resuscitation Council
13:
1:
2051:Advanced cardiac life support
2034:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
1526:Resuscitation Council of Asia
1120:10.1016/s0196-0644(98)70031-9
968:10.1016/s0196-0644(94)70009-5
695:
659:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
165:Pulseless Electrical Activity
97:Advanced cardiac life support
33:Advanced cardiac life support
18:Advanced Cardiac Life Support
2075:Pediatric basic life support
2057:Advanced trauma life support
2040:Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
1789:Pediatric emergency medicine
1704:2020 Guidelines from the AHA
1699:2015 Guidelines from the AHA
1599:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000918
1383:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000890
1108:Annals of Emergency Medicine
956:Annals of Emergency Medicine
637:continuous evidence review.
7:
1061:Journal of Clinical Nursing
652:
145:
10:
2209:
2188:Emergency medicine courses
2183:Emergency medical services
2168:American Heart Association
1759:Emergency medical services
690:Resuscitation Council (UK)
634:American Heart Association
614:
250:Perfusion of blood before
2123:
2102:
2015:
1957:
1906:
1817:
1746:
1592:(16_suppl_2): S337–S357.
1218:10.1016/j.ccc.2020.07.008
903:"FAQs about AHA Training"
645:The first version of the
83:
75:
67:
57:
49:
37:
32:
1934:Epinephrine / Adrenaline
1553:(1): 60–69, quiz 69–70.
680:Indian Heart Association
675:British Heart Foundation
619:
560:Ukraine, United Kingdom
502:International guidelines
202:
161:ventricular fibrillation
1168:10.21037/atm.2018.12.31
862:10.4103/0972-5229.92070
727:10.1186/1757-7241-18-62
468:supersede a provider's
299:, tracheal suctioning,
285:Endotracheal intubation
219:Possible Interventions
157:ventricular tachycardia
2193:Emergency life support
1376:(16_suppl_1): S2–S27.
540:Regional Organization
440:
439:Example ACLS algorithm
27:Emergency medical care
2115:Injury Severity Score
1886:Nasopharyngeal airway
1859:Intraosseous infusion
1206:Critical Care Clinics
804:10.3121/cmr.2014.1201
438:
421:central venous access
272:transcutaneous pacing
120:Advanced Life Support
1892:Oropharyngeal airway
1769:Emergency psychiatry
1754:Emergency department
297:waveform capnography
2178:Medical emergencies
1871:Tracheal intubation
1865:Intravenous therapy
1339:www.costr.ilcor.org
1310:www.ilcor.org/about
543:Affiliated Nations
536:
530:medicolegal bearing
520:scientific evidence
388:intraosseous access
305:oropharygeal airway
289:supraglottic airway
230:EKG, clinical exam
212:
185:atrial fibrillation
175:- and wide-complex
2045:Basic life support
1949:Sodium bicarbonate
1747:Emergency medicine
1740:Emergency medicine
535:
444:ACLS Certification
441:
384:crystalloid fluids
281:Airway Management
268:transvenous pacing
262:Mono- or biphasic
242:Chest Compressions
211:
181:torsades de pointe
113:Basic Life Support
2155:
2154:
1944:Magnesium sulfate
1853:Electrocardiogram
1779:Medical emergency
1764:Emergency nursing
1161:(Suppl 2): S129.
612:
611:
525:systematic-review
470:scope of practice
433:
432:
227:Rhythm diagnosis
94:
93:
16:(Redirected from
2200:
2144:
2143:
2132:
2131:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1678:
1677:
1651:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1601:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1385:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1180:
1170:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1019:
994:
988:
987:
947:
941:
940:
938:
937:
923:
917:
916:
914:
913:
899:
893:
892:
882:
864:
840:
834:
833:
823:
783:
777:
776:
774:
773:
759:
750:
749:
739:
729:
705:
537:
534:
480:Efficacy of ACLS
401:Echocardiography
376:calcium chloride
213:
210:
87:edit on Wikidata
42:
30:
29:
21:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2119:
2103:Scoring systems
2098:
2011:
1953:
1902:
1813:
1742:
1737:
1690:2015 Guidelines
1686:
1681:
1627:
1623:
1578:
1574:
1543:
1539:
1530:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1499:
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1474:
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1435:
1431:
1422:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1346:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1253:
1249:
1198:
1194:
1147:
1143:
1100:
1096:
1053:
1049:
995:
991:
948:
944:
935:
933:
925:
924:
920:
911:
909:
901:
900:
896:
841:
837:
784:
780:
771:
769:
761:
760:
753:
706:
702:
698:
655:
643:
630:
622:
617:
513:
504:
482:
446:
259:Electrotherapy
216:ACLS Component
205:
148:
90:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2206:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2137:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1878:
1876:Laryngeal tube
1873:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:Defibrillation
1835:
1830:
1827:Bag valve mask
1823:
1821:
1815:
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1799:Major trauma
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1529:. Retrieved
1525:
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1496:
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1421:. Retrieved
1417:
1414:"ILCOR FAQs"
1408:
1373:
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1358:
1347:. Retrieved
1338:
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1318:. Retrieved
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584:New Zealand
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364:procainamide
336:Medications
325:management,
206:
197:
177:tachycardias
149:
117:
104:
100:
96:
95:
1898:Pocket mask
1774:Golden hour
1586:Circulation
1370:Circulation
1010:: 132–137.
348:vasopressin
340:Epinephrine
291:placement,
193:bradycardia
50:Other names
2173:Cardiology
2162:Categories
2110:NACA score
1919:Amiodarone
1833:Chest tube
1531:2022-01-25
1507:2022-01-25
1486:25 January
1423:2022-01-25
1349:2021-11-13
1320:2021-11-13
936:2022-01-25
912:2022-01-25
772:2022-01-25
696:References
576:Australia
356:amiodarone
323:ventilator
307:placement
132:paramedics
2029:First aid
1914:Adenosine
1881:Combitube
1855:(ECG/EKG)
1819:Equipment
1674:232407605
1658:0300-9572
1616:224824546
1547:Am J Nurs
1522:"Members"
1455:1093-6793
1400:224828809
1281:1873-1570
1267:: 54–60.
1242:221523919
1226:1557-8232
1128:0196-0644
1081:0962-1067
1026:1873-1570
976:0196-0644
871:0972-5229
812:1539-4182
380:magnesium
372:albuterol
360:lidocaine
76:Frequency
59:Specialty
2134:Category
2095:(CCrISP)
1939:Naloxone
1929:Dopamine
1924:Atropine
1666:33773824
1642:: 1–60.
1608:33081530
1567:17200636
1463:18802175
1392:33084397
1343:Archived
1314:Archived
1289:29175354
1234:32892823
1187:30740450
1089:17181667
1042:19150010
1034:29723609
889:22346031
830:24667218
746:21092256
653:See also
352:atropine
169:asystole
146:Overview
2146:Outline
2071:(ACoRN)
2017:Courses
1178:6330609
1136:9795316
984:8273960
880:3271556
821:4453307
737:3001418
615:History
568:Canada
474:license
368:sotalol
189:flutter
2089:(ALSO)
2083:(PALS)
2077:(PBLS)
2059:(ATLS)
2053:(ACLS)
1809:Triage
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451:except
173:narrow
167:, and
79:Common
2065:(NRP)
2047:(BLS)
2036:(CPR)
1907:Drugs
1894:(OPA)
1888:(NPA)
1829:(BVM)
1692:from
1670:S2CID
1612:S2CID
1396:S2CID
1238:S2CID
1038:S2CID
661:(CPR)
620:ILCOR
516:ILCOR
303:- or
203:Scope
85:[
1867:(IV)
1861:(IO)
1662:PMID
1654:ISSN
1604:PMID
1563:PMID
1488:2022
1459:PMID
1451:ISSN
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427:PCAS
413:ECMO
301:naso
252:ROSC
238:CPR
140:EMRs
138:and
136:EMTs
126:and
124:ECMO
105:ACLS
68:Uses
1847:ICD
1842:AED
1644:doi
1640:161
1594:doi
1590:142
1555:doi
1551:107
1378:doi
1374:142
1269:doi
1265:122
1214:doi
1173:PMC
1163:doi
1116:doi
1069:doi
1012:doi
1008:128
964:doi
875:PMC
857:doi
816:PMC
800:doi
732:PMC
722:doi
487:ROC
466:not
417:TTM
409:PCI
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153:EKG
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