20:
59:
489:
In out-of-hospital settings, trained paramedics and some specifically trained emergency medical technicians typically provide this level of care. Canadian paramedics may be certified in either ALS (Advanced Care
Paramedic-ACP) or in basic life support (Primary Care Paramedic-PCP). Some Primary Care
305:(ACLS). Note these reversible causes are usually taught and remembered as 4Hs and 4Ts—including hypoglycaemia and acidosis with hyper/hypokalaemia and 'metabolic causes' and omitting trauma from the T's as this is redundant with hypovolaemia—this simplification aids recall during resuscitation.
433:
guidelines have changed significantly. A major new worldwide consensus has been sought based upon the best available scientific evidence. The ratio of compressions to ventilations is now recommended as 30:2 for adults, to produce higher coronary and cerebral perfusion pressures.
541:
In hospitals, ALS is usually given by a team of doctors and nurses, with some clinical paramedics practicing in certain systems. Cardiac arrest teams, or "Code Teams" in the US, generally include doctors and senior nurses from various specialties such as
301:
or LUCAS device), members of the team consider eight forms of potentially reversible causes for cardiac arrest, commonly abbreviated as "6Hs & 5Ts" according to 2005/2010 AHA
510:, Paramedic level services are referred to as advanced life Support (ALS). Services staffed by basic EMTs are referred to as basic life support (BLS). Services staffed by
522:, advanced life support (ALS) is provided by an advanced paramedic. Advanced Paramedic (AP) is the highest clinical level (level 6) in pre-hospital care in the
706:
639:"2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care - Part 7.2: Management of Cardiac Arrest."
247:
may be attempted to secure the airway. At regular intervals, the effectiveness of the interventions on the heart rhythm, as well as the presence of
575:
538:
and are qualified to ALS level. This terminology extends beyond emergency cardiac care to describe all of the capabilities of the providers.
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While CPR is performed (which may involve either manual chest compressions or the use of automated equipment such as the
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to further support the circulation and provide an open airway and adequate ventilation (breathing).
825:
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and effectively all conditions that may lead to cardiac arrest if untreated, apart from the truly
459:
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and related mechanical obstruction (blockage of the blood vessels to the lungs or the heart by a
244:
120:
890:
502:(EMTs) are often skilled in ALS, although they may employ a slightly modified version of the
137:
127:
110:
392:: increased pressure in the thoracic cavity, leading to decreased venous return to the heart
334:: low amount of circulating blood, either absolutely due to blood loss or relatively due to
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8:
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187:(PHTLS), Basic Trauma Life Support (BTLS) or International Trauma Life Support (ITLS)
872:
799:
576:"Part 7.2: Management of Cardiac Arrest - 112 (24 Supplement): IV-58 - Circulation"
551:
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is now administered as a single shock, each followed immediately by two minutes of
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663:
530:, the Irish regulatory body for pre-hospital care and ambulance services. In the
115:
71:
531:
435:
248:
232:
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132:
104:
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1002:
832:
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518:(ILS), or simply advanced life support (ALS), depending on the State. In the
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100:
67:
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ALS also covers various conditions related to cardiac arrest, such as
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204:(BLS) interventions such as bag-mask ventilation with high-flow
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of ALS that is invoked when cardiac arrest has been confirmed,
205:
181:(PALS) or Pediatric Education for Pre-Hospital Providers (PEPP)
527:
403:
224:
534:
paramedics are registered healthcare professionals with the
46:) is a set of life saving protocols and skills that extend
439:
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routes (IV, IO, PO, PR, ET, SL, topical, and transdermal)
95:
58:
294:
may be administered to increase the circulating volume.
602:. p. 71–87. Dallas: American Heart Association, 2003.
622:. p. 3-5. Dallas: American Heart Association, 2003.
514:
can be called limited advanced life support (LALS),
442:before rhythm is re-assessed (five cycles of CPR).
107:using a manual or automated external defibrillator
657:Resuscitation Council UK adult ALS algorithm 2005
1000:
227:on a cardiac monitor. Depending on the type of
714:
613:
700:
254:Medications that may be administered include
593:
486:are trained to administer some form of ALS.
415:: chemicals, whether medication or poisoning
633:
23:An advanced life support paramedic unit of
707:
693:
351:in the blood, and related disturbances of
328:: low oxygen levels in the body's tissues
208:, chest compressions, and use of an AED.
219:(ACLS), relies on the monitoring of the
57:
18:
77:Key aspects of ALS level care include:
1001:
512:advanced emergency medical technicians
785:Advanced emergency medical technician
688:
494:, and are referred to as PCP-IV (see
200:, ALS builds on the foundations of
681:on UK Resuscitation Council website
536:Health and Care Professions Council
526:based on the standards set down by
445:
13:
14:
1025:
672:
369:: body temperature not maintained
477:
185:Pre-Hospital Trauma Life Support
490:Paramedics are also trained in
347:: disturbances in the level of
179:Pediatric Advanced Life Support
66:advanced paramedic vehicle, at
650:
620:ACLS for Experienced Providers
568:
1:
600:ACLS: Principles and Practice
561:
500:Emergency medical technicians
431:advanced cardiac life support
303:Advanced Cardiac Life Support
217:Advanced Cardiac Life Support
191:
173:Advanced cardiac life support
126:Intraosseous (IO) access and
53:
25:Palm Beach County Fire-Rescue
780:Emergency medical technician
770:Emergency medical dispatcher
472:Advanced Trauma Life Support
308:
7:
968:Critical emergency medicine
886:Kendrick extrication device
858:Nontransporting EMS vehicle
848:Light horse field ambulance
775:Emergency medical responder
679:Adult advanced life support
10:
1030:
716:Emergency medical services
312:
33:Palm Beach County, Florida
955:
929:
871:
808:
755:Certified first responder
745:
722:
516:Intermediate Life Support
765:Emergency care assistant
662:October 8, 2007, at the
398:: fluid or blood in the
87:Rapid sequence induction
492:intravenous cannulation
460:ventricular tachycardia
245:endotracheal intubation
161:administration through
133:Surgical cricothyrotomy
121:Intravenous cannulation
470:(which are covered by
239:may be administered.
74:
36:
737:Advanced life support
429:As of December 2005,
138:Needle cricothyrotomy
128:intraosseous infusion
111:Transcutaneous pacing
61:
40:Advanced Life Support
22:
16:Life-saving protocols
853:Motorcycle ambulance
816:Air medical services
496:paramedics in Canada
484:healthcare providers
468:surgical emergencies
390:Tension pneumothorax
243:is administered and
148:tension pneumothorax
1014:Medical credentials
988:Wilderness medicine
795:Emergency physician
524:Republic of Ireland
520:Republic of Ireland
456:atrial fibrillation
452:cardiac arrhythmias
221:electrical activity
82:Tracheal intubation
1009:Emergency medicine
978:Emergency medicine
906:Spinal precautions
732:Basic life support
544:emergency medicine
425:or other material)
402:, compressing the
229:cardiac arrhythmia
202:basic life support
153:Pericardiocentesis
75:
48:basic life support
37:
996:
995:
983:Military medicine
963:Aviation medicine
947:Search and rescue
937:Ambulance station
556:internal medicine
504:medical algorithm
142:Needle or finger
1021:
873:Casualty lifting
800:Medical director
709:
702:
695:
686:
685:
666:
654:
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647:: IV-58 – IV-66.
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631:
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578:. Archived from
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446:Other conditions
286:, among others.
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1020:
1019:
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999:
998:
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992:
973:Diving medicine
951:
925:
916:Vacuum mattress
901:Scoop stretcher
875:
867:
863:Water ambulance
843:Combination car
804:
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718:
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669:
664:Wayback Machine
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482:Many emergency
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419:Thromboembolism
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251:, is assessed.
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116:Ultrasonography
72:Dublin, Ireland
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17:
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956:Related fields
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673:External links
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313:Main article:
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249:cardiac output
233:defibrillation
198:cardiac arrest
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582:on 2009-04-21
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508:United States
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942:Rescue squad
896:Spinal board
760:Combat medic
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727:Paramedicine
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584:. Retrieved
580:the original
570:
540:
488:
481:
449:
428:
367:Hyperthermia
341:Hyperkalemia
336:vasodilation
296:
253:
210:
196:In cases of
195:
144:thoracostomy
76:
43:
39:
38:
641:Circulation
548:anesthetics
413:therapeutic
400:pericardium
363:Hypothermia
345:hypokalemia
332:Hypovolemia
272:bicarbonate
260:epinephrine
1003:Categories
838:Blood bike
586:2008-07-15
562:References
423:blood clot
264:amiodarone
256:adrenaline
237:medication
192:Algorithms
163:parenteral
159:medication
54:Components
911:Stretcher
821:Ambulance
790:Paramedic
506:. In the
464:poisoning
396:Tamponade
357:magnesium
349:potassium
315:Hs and Ts
309:Hs and Ts
299:AutoPulse
284:magnesium
280:potassium
213:algorithm
211:The core
157:Advanced
27:used for
921:Weevac 6
878:movement
809:Vehicles
660:Archived
377:Acidosis
373:Hydrogen
292:colloids
268:atropine
826:history
552:general
411:and/or
359:levels.
353:calcium
326:Hypoxia
276:calcium
235:and/or
223:of the
167:enteral
891:Litter
747:People
643:2005;
626:
606:
375:ions (
288:Saline
241:Oxygen
206:oxygen
175:(ACLS)
930:Other
528:PHECC
409:Toxic
404:heart
225:heart
876:and
624:ISBN
604:ISBN
384:'T's
320:'H's
282:and
165:and
123:(IV)
103:and
645:112
554:or
498:).
474:).
462:),
440:CPR
355:or
343:or
290:or
262:),
146:of
96:ECG
64:HSE
44:ALS
31:in
29:EMS
1005::
558:.
550:,
546:,
458:,
278:,
274:,
270:,
266:,
231:,
70:,
62:A
708:e
701:t
694:v
630:.
610:.
589:.
454:(
379:)
365:/
258:(
42:(
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
