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513:. He was invested by the Landtag with a large majority in April, but soon came to blows with the Social Democrats, who withdrew their support. His cabinet consisted of a minority government of the Centre and Democrats, and negotiations to expand it stalled out toward the end of the year. It finally collapsed in October when the Democrats quit in protest against Stegerwald's proposal to hand the interior ministry to the Social Democrats. He resigned, and in short order a new centre-left government was formed under Social Democrat
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long sought. However, the party national committee rejected
Stegerwald: this was at least in part due to the predominance of civil servants on the committee, whose interests Stegerwald had unexpectedly opposed the previous year. He was also opposed for reasons of personality as well as his opposition to church interference in the party. The party hierarchy considered several alternatives and ultimately put forward three names to a floor vote: Stegerwald, his rival in the unions
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524:, using his role as head of the DGB to claim widespread union support. For this he received a cold reception at the October 1924 congress of the DGB's industrial unions and was attacked by Heinrich Imbusch, head of the miners' union. Ultimately the unions passed a resolution declaring neutrality in political affairs and Stegerwald was forced to walk back his previous statements. When the
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rather than seek better conditions for workers. At the same time, he sought constantly to appease the ultraconservative white-collar DHV. In 1927, he sided with the DGB's industrial unions in opposing a widely-agreed wage increase for civil servants. This effort failed and alienated him from the white-collar elements of the DGB, to whom he had previously been a stalwart ally.
458:, Stegerwald represented the Catholic trade unions in co-signing the 15 November working agreement between the unions and employers' associations. The working agreement set out a common understanding between labour and capital, acknowledging unions as the legitimate representatives of the workers and setting out the basis for collective bargaining agreements and the
833:: „Dramatisch gestaltete sich die Lage, als ein kleiner Trupp das Podium stürmte, auf Stegerwald eindrangen und ihm mehrere Kopfhiebe beibrachte. Ein Schlag war so heftig geführt, dass der Bügel der Brille eine blutige Wunde am Ohr hinterließ.“ – „Sie schlugen den früheren Minister Stegerwald mit Kopfhieben nieder, ohne dass die Polizei zu Hilfe kam“. (in:
575:, which entailed reductions in wages and rolling back labour rights, while also seeking to maintain the welfare state for the millions of unemployed despite harsh cutbacks. It was also in this time that he achieved the long-sought for cooperation with the moderate and religious elements of the Protestant right following the secession from the DNVP of the
414:, where he was committed to building the burgeoning Catholic trade union movement. He advanced quickly, becoming honourary chairman of the Central Union of Christian Woodworkers in 1899 and, in 1903, general-secretary of the General Association of German Christian Trade Unions, a position he retained until 1929.
876:(1886–1968), der zusammen mit Stegerwald eine Gefängniszelle teilte, hat sich der Exminister außerordentlich tapfer gezeigt und die Quälereien und Bitternisse der Haft mit stoischer Ruhe ertragen. Allerdings scheint seine robuste Gesundheit durch die Inhaftierung gelitten zu haben“ (vgl. Rudolf Morsey:
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auf der Liste derjenigen, die beseitigt werden sollten. Doch verhinderten, wie er in seinem ersten
Lebenslauf nach 1945 schrieb, der Reichspräsident und einflussreiche Kreise der Reichswehr den Plan der Nationalsozialisten. Auf Empfehlung einer ausländischen Botschaft verließ er für kurze Zeit Berlin
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in the late summer and autumn of 1945. In
Stegerwald's speeches and writing it was clear he considered the new party the fulfillment of his "People's Party" concept of 1920, serving as a "bridge" between denominations, classes, and generations; he coined the name "Christian Social Union". Despite the
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minister-president Paul Hirsch. At the DGB congress in 1920, Stegerwald proposed the formation of an inter-denominational "People's Party", through which he hoped to unite both
Catholics and Protestants in a conservative project opposed to socialism, liberalism, and materialism. The idea was roundly
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As leader of the DGB, Stegerwald struggled to maintain the unity of the federation's conflicting parts. Left-wing elements such as the
Catholic miners' and industrial unions resented Stegerwald's conservative orientation and his continuous attempts to find common cause with conservative Protestants
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Throughout the following year
Stegerwald called for the end to the workers' council movement which was popular among many radical workers, mostly in the socialist unions. In 1919, he became head of the German Trade Union Federation (DGB), the reorganised Christian trade union federation. Initially,
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In
December 1928, the Centre Party congress was tasked with electing a new party chairman. The executive unanimously recommended Stegerwald. This choice was intended to be a fig leaf to the unions and facilitate Stegerwald's movement out of the DGB leadership into full-time politics, which he had
671:
Adam
Stegerwald died of pneumonia in December 1945. He has been honoured extensively, with streets named after him in numerous towns and cities across Germany. Two political education foundations, the Adam Stegerwald Circle and Stegerwald Foundation, are named in his honour. A neighbourhood in
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rejected: the right-wing of the Centre opposed abandoning their
Catholic orientation while the left-wing feared the conservative, anti-labour orientation of such a party. Nonetheless, Stegerwald remained a convinced advocate of a pan-Christian party for the rest of his life.
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Despite this defeat, in
January 1929, Stegerwald was elected head of the Centre Reichstag faction. He resigned his position as head of the DGB and in the unions, finally completing his move to full-time politics. In April he became Minister for Transport in the
626:, but received warning and disappeared into exile for three months. He retired to Franconia during the regime, and in letters to former colleagues urged church leaders to appease the government for fear of the churches' dissolution.
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desire of some Catholic labour leaders to found a united labour party with the socialist unions, and of other Catholic leaders to re-found the Centre Party, Stegerwald's model was ultimately taken up nationwide in the form of the
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and the Protestant white-collar associations. However, the more secular Hirsch-Duncker unions departed in November, leaving the DGB largely dominated by the Catholic unions with a deeply conservative Protestant minority in the
509:, the state Centre Party drafted Stegerwald to serve as interim Minister-President. He was tasked with putting together a cabinet including Social Democrats, the Centre, the left-liberal Democrats, and the conservative
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was invested the following January, the majority of the labour representatives among the Centre's Reichstag delegation did not support it. At the Centre Party congress in November 1925 Stegerwald was heckled by
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After becoming chair of the Centre's Reichstag delegation in January 1929, he resigned from his union positions. He was succeeded as chair of the DGB by Heinrich Imbusch, leader of the miners' union.
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In his political role, he steered an conservative course, supporting the Empire and its colonial ambitions. He attempted to unify the non-socialist unions, such as the Protestant
540:"worthy of carrying Christian spirit in public life", finding the party both anti-Catholic and uninterested in serious advocacy for the Protestant churches or Christian values.
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After the collapse of the Luther cabinet the following year, Stegerwald's perspective on cooperation with the conservative right changed. He no longer considered the
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it bore a close resemblance to Stegerwald's prewar proposal of a broad non-socialist union federation, including the Catholic unions as well as the liberal
696:. After housing a number of different organisations over the decades, the building was sold in 2015 and converted into a nursing home, retaining its name.
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on 21 February. Police declined to interfere. The following month, he helped lead negotiations with the Nazi Party to secure the Centre's support for the
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Stegerwald was elected to both the national and Prussian constituent assembles early in 1919, and became minister for public welfare in Prussia under
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Adam Stegerwald, Gewerkschafter, Politiker der ersten deutschen Republik. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der christlich-sozialen Bewegung in Deutschland.
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Adam Stegerwald, Gewerkschafter, Politiker der ersten deutschen Republik. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der christlich-sozialen Bewegung in Deutschland.
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in his capacity as board member of the National Association for Catholic Germany. He was on the list of politicians to be purged during the
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Adam Stegerwald (1874–1945). Christlich-nationaler Gewerkschafter, Zentrumspolitiker, Mitbegründer der Unionsparteien.
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and attended primary school there between 1881 and 1888 before completing an apprenticeship as a carpenter in
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Stegerwald strongly advocated for the Centre to form part of a conservative government in the Reich under
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district. He became leader of the "WĂĽrzburg group" which proved instrumental in the foundation of the
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In this role he was both tasked with implementing the government's harsh austerity response to the
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and used by Catholic welfare and political associations in the Weimar period, was renamed
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Following Hitler's appointment as Chancellor in January 1933, Stegerwald was attacked by
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Zeitgeschichte in Lebensbildern – Aus dem deutschen Katholizismus des 20. Jahrhunderts.
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Zeitgeschichte in Lebensbildern – Aus dem deutschen Katholizismus des 20. Jahrhunderts.
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780:"The Successful German Center-Left: Joseph Hess and the Prussian Center Party, 1908-32"
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740:"Adam Stegerwald and the Role of the Christian Trade Unions in the Weimar Republic"
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berichtete am 22. Februar 1933 ĂĽber den Vorfall unter der Ăśberschrift
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Hrsg. DGB-Bundesvorstand. Druck: satz + druck, DĂĽsseldorf 1977.
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und lebte drei Monate im Exil“ (vgl. Helmut J. Schnorr:
392:. From 1900 to 1902, Stegerwald studied economics under
552:. Stegerwald received 42 votes, Joos 92, and Kaas 182.
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Zentrumsversammlung von Nationalsozialisten gesprengt
639:. From August to October 1944 he was detained by the
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German National Association of Commercial Employees
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610:From 1933 to 1934 he was indicted, along with
1792:Christian Social Union in Bavaria politicians
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505:During the government impasse following the
380:Stegerwald was born the son of a farmer in
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937:Newspaper clippings about Adam Stegerwald
692:in 1948 after its acquisition by the new
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633:, he was temporarily arrested under the
352:. He was also a prominent member of the
159:21 April 1921 – 5 November 1921
1807:Members of the Weimar National Assembly
1787:Leaders of political parties in Germany
1772:Politicians from the Kingdom of Bavaria
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398:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
322:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
229:6 February 1919 – 21 May 1920
107:13 April 1929 – 27 March 1930
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666:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
437:from 1916 to 1919, as well as in the
907:Rosenberg, Ludwig, Tacke, Bernhard:
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348:trade union association, during the
55:30 March 1930 – 30 May 1932
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1842:Members of the Reichstag 1932–1933
1832:Members of the Reichstag 1930–1932
1827:Members of the Reichstag 1928–1930
1822:Members of the Reichstag 1924–1928
1812:Members of the Reichstag 1920–1924
1782:Centre Party (Germany) politicians
1442:– 30 March 1930 to 10 October 1931
909:Der Weg zur Einheits-Gewerkschaft.
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441:during the final year of the war.
14:
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778:Kohler, Eric D. (December 1990).
661:Christian Social Union in Bavaria
370:Christian Social Union in Bavaria
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1619:– 10 October 1931 to 1 June 1932
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1059:Friedrich Wilhelm of Brandenburg
918:Droste Verlag, DĂĽsseldorf 2003,
738:Evans, Ellen L. (January 1974).
694:German Trade Union Confederation
1797:Government ministers of Germany
1767:People from WĂĽrzburg (district)
1274:– 28 June 1928 to 27 March 1930
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433:and served on the board of the
1079:Adolf of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
1012:Ministers President of Prussia
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618:, in the trial of the Cologne
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376:Early life and Imperial period
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1837:Members of the Reichstag 1932
1817:Members of the Reichstag 1924
1802:Ministers of labor of Germany
1114:Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
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827:Niederrheinische Volkszeitung
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607:dictatorial power to Hitler.
368:, he was a co-founder of the
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507:1921 Prussian state election
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926:. (scientific biography)
785:Central European History
624:Night of the Long Knives
454:In the aftermath of the
217:Weimar National Assembly
43:Reich Minister of Labour
1033:Office established 1848
880:Band 1, 1973, S. 216.).
439:Prussian House of Lords
302:Allied-occupied Germany
1777:German Roman Catholics
1617:Second BrĂĽning cabinet
1064:Adalbert von Ladenberg
839:Die verratene Republik
356:and served briefly as
1440:First BrĂĽning cabinet
1272:Second MĂĽller cabinet
1139:Free State of Prussia
904:Band 1. 1973, S. 216.
511:German People's Party
468:Hirsch-Duncker unions
354:Catholic Centre Party
1703:Gottfried Treviranus
1561:Gottfried Treviranus
1049:Rudolf von Auerswald
1044:Gottfried Camphausen
893:Schnorr, Helmut J.:
690:Adam-Stegerwald-Haus
678:Adam-Stegerwald-Haus
601:Enabling Act of 1933
526:first Luther cabinet
1680:Ernst Trendelenburg
1545:Theodor von Guérard
1516:Ernst Trendelenburg
1488:Johann Viktor Bredt
1326:Theodor von Guérard
1198:Kurt von Schleicher
1069:Otto von Manteuffel
914:Forster, Bernhard:
558:new Great Coalition
456:November Revolution
435:Wartime Food Office
364:in 1921. After the
140:Theodor von Guérard
1124:Georg von Hertling
1109:Bernhard von BĂĽlow
1099:Botho zu Eulenburg
1020:Kingdom of Prussia
674:Stegerwaldsiedlung
620:Volksverein Verlag
358:Minister-President
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32:Stegerwald in 1931
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629:Following the
588:
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562:Hermann MĂĽller
548:, and prelate
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1654:
1503:
1482:Joseph Wirth
1388:Joseph Wirth
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1181:Wilhelm Marx
1175:
1129:Max of Baden
1031:
961:
915:
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852:Röhm-Affaire
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826:
821:
809:. Retrieved
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783:
773:
761:. Retrieved
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743:
689:
686:Jakob Kaiser
682:Königswinter
677:
673:
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650:
634:
631:20 July plot
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619:
612:Wilhelm Marx
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531:Joseph Wirth
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450:Union leader
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341:
340:
289:(1945-12-03)
234:Constituency
224:
205:Constituency
195:
177:Succeeded by
154:
135:Succeeded by
102:
83:Succeeded by
50:
1762:1945 deaths
1757:1874 births
1683: [
1670: [
1519: [
1161:Paul Hirsch
1143:(1918–1947)
1024:(1701–1918)
587:Nazi Regime
550:Ludwig Kaas
546:Joseph Joos
522:Hans Luther
471: [
382:GreuĂźenheim
270:GreuĂźenheim
238:Köln-Aachen
165:Preceded by
123:Preceded by
71:Preceded by
1751:Categories
1171:Otto Braun
973:Otto Braun
956:Otto Braun
888:Literature
700:References
515:Otto Braun
331:Politician
328:Occupation
263:1874-12-14
181:Otto Braun
170:Otto Braun
112:Chancellor
60:Chancellor
1657:(Zentrum)
1649:Curt Joël
1641:(Deputy,
1547:(Zentrum)
1506:(Zentrum)
1498:Curt Joël
1484:(Zentrum)
1464:(Deputy,
1390:(Zentrum)
1384:(Zentrum)
672:Cologne,
318:Education
225:In office
200:1920–1933
196:In office
188:Reichstag
155:In office
103:In office
51:In office
811:1 August
763:1 August
758:25019445
647:Post-war
605:de facto
408:GĂĽnzburg
390:WĂĽrzburg
346:Catholic
294:WĂĽrzburg
1633:Zentrum
1456:Zentrum
1330:Zentrum
943:of the
939:in the
806:4546181
641:Gestapo
597:Krefeld
482:(DHV).
396:at the
362:Prussia
298:Bavaria
1725:(CNBL)
1689:(DStP)
1212:period
1154:period
1152:Weimar
922:
863:1966.)
804:
756:
560:under
412:Munich
312:Centre
1687:]
1674:]
1643:DStP)
1531:(DVP)
1525:(DDP)
1523:]
1362:(SPD)
1356:(DDP)
1350:(SPD)
1344:(DVP)
1338:(SPD)
1312:(SPD)
1306:(DVP)
967:1921
897:1966.
802:JSTOR
754:JSTOR
475:]
1697:CNBL
1539:DNVP
1210:Nazi
1089:Roon
920:ISBN
825:Die
813:2024
765:2024
614:and
581:CSVD
579:and
284:Died
253:Born
1717:BVP
1707:KVP
1676:(-)
1663:(-)
1651:(-)
1565:KVP
1555:BVP
1512:(-)
1500:(-)
1476:DVP
1466:DDP
1376:BVP
1320:DDP
1298:DVP
1288:SPD
945:ZBW
794:doi
419:DHV
384:in
360:of
1753::
1685:de
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1492:WP
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708:^
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593:SA
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261:(
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