1492:
his brother Abu'l-Abbas
Muhammad, Abu Zaki, and the 'supreme shaykh' Abu Musa Harun openly accused him of being a fraud and an impostor. When Abu Musa Harun was murdered shortly after, the other conspirators decided to assassinate al-Mahdi. Possibly due to the doubts of Abu Abdallah, or because they could not agree on his successor, they delayed their action. Informed of their intentions by the Kutama commander Ghazwiya, al-Mahdi moved first. Commanders whose loyalty was suspect were sent to missions away from the capital, and replaced by loyal ones, so that on 18 February 911, Abu Abdallah and Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad were assassinated by loyal Kutama soldiers in the caliph's own palace. News of the death of Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i spread quickly. Al-Mahdi hesitated for two days, but then executed the remaining Kutama leaders involved in the conspiracy. Given his vital role in the establishment of the Fatimid Caliphate, Abu Abdallah was given a formal funeral, with al-Mahdi attending; and the pro-Fatimid sources are at pains to portray his death as a "regrettable fall from grace of a hitherto loyal servant whose faith was finally overcome by ambition", for which the blame is placed on Abu'l-Abbas and the Kutama chieftains, above all Abu Zaki; Abu Zaki's and Abu'l-Abbas spell of power as regents during Abu Abdallah's absence are said to have corrupted them and led them to challenge their rightful master.
1339:'s army now swelled to enormous size, as many more tribes joined it; not quite willingly, as those who refused were massacred in retaliation. On 18 March 909, the Aghlabid army was overwhelmed, and the inhabitants of al-Urbus massacred. Ziyadat Allah III fled his capital for Egypt, taking many of his treasures with him, but leaving most of his extensive harem behind, and taking care to torch the offices of the land tax department and all fiscal records contained therein. Chaos broke out once this became known, as the palaces were ransacked for five days by the locals and any thought of further resistance vanished. Abu Abdallah sent a thousand horse under one of his commanders ahead to put and end to the looting, and followed towards Kairouan. There he was met by a delegation of notables that surrendered the city. On the next day, 25 March 909, Abu Abdallah entered Raqqada and took up residence in the palace of the emir.
1480:, while diffuse, had insisted that his coming would be heralded by celestial signs and portents, that he would be a young man of exceptional beauty, and that he would rapidly and miraculously lead his armies to victory. By comparison, the reality of al-Mahdi as a man and ruler was disappointing: a 35-year old former merchant accustomed to an easy life, wine, and rich clothing, whose luxurious lifestyle clashed with the austere doctrines propagated by Abu Abdallah and hitherto followed by the Kutama. Even Abu Abdallah criticized his master, accusing him of corrupting the Kutama with power, money and luxury and gifts. Abu Abdallah had never met his master before going to Sijilmasa, and was obviously unaware of his character or intentions; and now he may have felt, in the words of the historian Michael Brett, "as if his own movement had been taken over by one completely different".
46:
1454:
release of their captive imam. After brief clashes with the
Midrarid troops, Emir al-Yasa fled his city, which was occupied and plundered. Mounted on horseback and dressed in fine clothes, al-Mahdi and al-Qa'im were presented to the army, amidst shouts and tears of religious exaltation. On the next day, 27 August, al-Mahdi was enthroned and acclaimed by the troops. As the historian Michael Brett explains, the occasion had double meaning: on the one hand, it acknowledged al-Mahdi's caliphate, but on the other, it confirmed the Kutama soldiery in their exceptional status as 'faithful' (
1364:, the Aghlabid capital, to reconnoitre. Unbeknownst to him, news of al-Mahdi and his identity as one sought by the Abbasid government had already reached the city, and he was immediately arrested. He remained in prison until spring of 906, when he was able to escape and left for Tripoli. Informed of Abu'l-Abbas' fate, al-Mahdi changed his plans: instead of crossing the Aghlabid domains and making for the country of the Kutama, he joined another caravan heading west, skirting the southern fringes of Aghlabid territory. He was accompanied only by his son, the future
2124:
1242:
875:
3365:
1441:, with his brother Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad as his aide. Abu Zaki was named as regent because of his influence with the Kutama, since Abu'l-Abbas lacked his brother's authority over the Berbers; but it was made clear that in reality, especially concerning religious affairs, Abu'l-Abbas' opinion was to be decisive. On the way to Sijilmasa, Abu Abdallah received the submission of
1291:, before being joined by the forces of Shabib ibn Abi Shaddad, governor of the frontier province of Zab. Ibrahim al-Habashi led the combined Aghlabid army into the mountains in pursuit of the Kutama, but at Kayuna it was put to battle and destroyed by Abu Abdallah's men. The Aghlabid government immediately raised another army and stationed it at
1193:), a chosen people. Conversion and participation in the new community meant the shedding of previous practices and affiliations: under the new doctrine and its preacher, the adherents were forged into unity. Disregarding prior tribal or clan affiliations, Abu Abdallah divided his armed followers into seven parts (
1491:
At Ténès, however, a conspiracy had begun among the Kutama chieftains: led by Abu
Abdallah, they decided to confront al-Mahdi and put his claims to the test. The sources differ on the details, but the Kutama confronted al-Mahdi in a public audience, demanding that he perform a miracle. Abu Abdallah,
1483:
An immediate conflict was averted as Abu
Abdallah was called to lead an army west in July 910. During the previous months, Sijilmasa had been lost to the Midrarids, Tahert was once more closely besieged by the Zenata, and an uprising broke out among the Kutama, led by a certain Baban. The latter was
1161:
made some powerful converts in the chieftains Abu Musa ibn Yunus al-Azayi, leader of the
Masalta clan, and Zaki Tammam ibn Mu'arik, nephew of the leader of the Ijjana. At the same time his teachings aroused opposition, not only from adherents of Kharijism who rejected his teachings, but also as the
1355:
and thence Egypt, where they were sheltered by Abu
Abdallah's old mentor, Abu Ali, for a year in 904–905. In view of Abu Abdallah's successes, al-Mahdi decided to next move west towards Ifriqiya, and joined a merchant caravan going west, accompanied by Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad. On the way, the caravan
1453:
Ibadi imamate at Tahert, installing a Kutama governor there. Learning of the approach of the Kutama army, the emir of
Sijilmasa had al-Mahdi questioned and put under house arrest along with his son, but otherwise treated well. On 26 August 909, the Kutama army reached Sijilmasa, and demanded the
1299:
and
Raqqada. As the historian Michael Brett comments, "this was an army on the defensive"; as a result, Abu Abdallah ignored it, and moved instead against Tubna (ancient Tubunae), seat of Shabib ibn Abi Shaddad, administrative and military centre of the Aghlabid frontier, and last refuge of the
1117:
and Abu
Abdallah himself chose their targets with intention: there are stories about previous Shi'a missionaries sent to the Maghreb, the Kutama party contained at least two who were Shi'a themselves, and thus amenable to the Isma'ili cause. Moreover, the Kutama, unlike most Berbers, were not
1275:
to Italy, the army was composed mostly of raw recruits; and its arrival so late in the year meant that while Abu
Abdallah retreated to his mountain strongholds, the Aghlabid troops could not follow in the snow. The expedition was further condemned to failure as the result of Aghlabid dynastic
1111:, and the Berbers' own military potential. Seeing an opportunity, he managed to convince them to invite him to come and teach them his doctrine. Modern scholars on the other hand cast some doubt on the story of an unplanned, chance encounter, instead emphasizing that the
1257:. The move was born both out of strength and weakness: while Abu Abdallah had consolidated control over most of the Kutama, those of their chiefs who remained opposed to him now turned to the Aghlabid government for support and military help against the
1287:. Emir Ziyadat Allah III obtained a juridical opinion lambasting the followers of "the man from Sana'a" as heretics, but his military response proved as ineffective as the last. An army under the prince Ibrahim al-Habashi was sent west but wintered at
1309:
was helped by the uprising of the Aghlabid army under Mudlij ibn Zakariyya in March 906. This military mutiny clearly showed that the Aghlabid state was disintegrating, and Abu Abdallah pressed his advantage. In the spring of 907, the Kutama sacked
1380:
and a centre of the trans-Sahara trade. Already before the conquest of the Aghabid emirate was complete, Abu Abdallah sent a troop of Kutama to escort his master to Ifriqiya, but they were waylaid by the Ibadi emir of Tahert and had to turn back.
1300:
renegade Kutama chieftains. Tubna was placed under siege for almost a year, before it capitulated on terms in October 906: the garrison was spared, but the renegade Kutama chieftain Fath ibn Yahya al-Masaliti was executed.
1162:
result of political rivalries: as some leaders of clans or tribes associated themselves with Abu Abdallah, their enemies came to oppose him. As a result, he soon had to move his base of operations from Ikjan to
1102:
who were on the Hajj, to whom he presented himself as a native of Sana'a. According to later sources, after engaging them in discussion, he found out about the situation in their homeland, the feebleness of the
1418:) of God. Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad, who had escaped from prison and emerged from hiding after his brother's victory, began to spread the Isma'ili doctrine, holding disputations with the local Sunni jurists in the
1437:
As soon as his rule was stable enough, on 6 June 909, Abu Aballah set out from Raqqada at the head of a large army, to find his master and hand over power to him. In his stead at Raqqada, he left
2295:
Affirming the Imamate: Early Fatimid Teachings in the Islamic West. An Arabic critical edition and English translation of works attributed to Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shīʿī and his brother Abu’l-ʿAbbās
3125:
1431:
1438:
1392:) to the citizens of Kairouan and all former servants of the Aghlabid regime, took stock of the contents of the palaces, installed governors, and ordered changes to the coinage,
1325:
The last remaining stronghold between the Kutama and Kairouan/Raqqada was now al-Urbus, where the last Aghlabid armies were assembled. Abu Abdallah spent 908 further south, at
1314:, a town that controlled the route from Tubna to Kairouan; unlike Tubna, its garrison was not spared. The Kutama then defeated an Aghlabid expedition sent against them from
1233:'s own integrity—he never used it and entrusted its management to his officers—as well as a test of loyalty for his officers—those who embezzled it were rapidly purged.
1085:, Abdallah ibn Abi'l-Malahif, but the latter was replaced by Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Zabidi. Ibrahim became Abu Abdallah's lieutenant, becoming known as "the lesser lord" (
1079:
After less than a year, Ibn Hawshab sent Abu Abdallah again to Mecca, thence to go on to the Maghreb. Following usual practice, he was to be accompanied by another
3427:
1264:
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quickly subdued by loyalist Kutama, and Abu Abdallah managed to defeat the Zenata near Tubna, relieving Tahert and even reaching the Mediterranean coast at
1151:. Abu Abdallah secured the protection of the Saktan clan and immediately began his missionary work, establishing a base in the scarcely populated area of
3288:
2333:
1384:
With his master was still in faraway Sijilmasa, it was up to Abu Abdallah to establish the new Shi'a regime in Ifriqiya. He issued a letter of pardon (
1129:; living on the margins of the settled Muslim society of Ifriqiya, they may have been only superficially Islamicized, retaining many pagan practices.
3422:
1062:, and joined the Yemeni pilgrims on their return to their homeland. He arrived there in April 892, and stayed and learned with the chief Isma'ili
2452:
2900:
1488:. He then campaigned against the Zenata and Sadina tribes in modern central Algeria, before returning to Raqqada in the winter of 910/11.
2887:
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and the sermon, and official seals to reflect the new regime. The new ruler was not yet named in public; instead, the new formulas used
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2892:
1311:
1249:
As long as they were confined to the mountains of Lesser Kabylia, Abu Abdallah's activities were ignored by the Aghlabid government at
3447:
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608:
45:
2469:
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2141:
The Rise of the Fatimids: The World of the Mediterranean and the Middle East in the Fourth Century of the Hijra, Tenth Century CE
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and his followers. The capture of Mila forced the Aghlabids to react, sending an army west to recover the city, under the prince
2326:
718:
2475:
3333:
3160:
2302:
2213:
2192:
2168:
447:
147:
3150:
3007:
1141:, arriving there in June 893. His brother, Abu'l-Abbas, remained in Egypt and provided the link to the headquarters of the
70:
988:. However, Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah quickly fell out with Abu Abdallah and had Abu Abdallah executed on 28 February 911.
903:
3368:
3120:
2536:
2512:
2457:
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s were entrusted with the governance of the districts under their control. In accordance with Shi'a practice, a fifth (
534:
3402:
2508:
2319:
2239:
2149:
3452:
3392:
1368:, and a household slave. Pressuring and even bribing the caravan leader to make haste, in late 905 they arrived in
507:
1169:
As a veritable prophet in the midst of an ignorant people, Abu Abdallah modelled his activities on the example of
1227:), when he should come into his kingdom. This grew to a substantial treasure, which served as an example of the
3442:
3145:
2389:
764:
452:
3437:
3302:
3130:
2680:
2554:
2525:
1277:
628:
482:
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1365:
739:
432:
3417:
3397:
3105:
2997:
2730:
2665:
2614:
407:
219:
75:
1253:. This complacency came to an end in late 902, Abu Abdallah attacked and captured the fortified town of
3307:
3283:
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814:
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437:
170:
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2419:
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opened their gates, giving Abu Abdallah control of the passage from the central Maghreb to Tunisia.
749:
710:
512:
252:
231:
215:
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2129:
1419:
985:
792:
734:
700:
603:
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896:
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705:
442:
417:
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1272:
933:
774:
365:
157:
142:
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2735:
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2559:
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759:
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239:
1351:, had left Salamiya to avoid Abbasid persecution. With a small entourage he made his way to
1347:
In the meantime, the hidden Isma'ili imam and Abu Abdallah's true master, the future caliph
3328:
3213:
3135:
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2750:
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2725:
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adherent before being proselytized along with his brother, Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad, in 891 to
811:
588:
422:
385:
315:
305:
127:
8:
3387:
3343:
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2705:
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823:
769:
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472:
3348:
3238:
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2824:
2810:
2715:
2163:. The Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
1401:
889:
849:
695:
649:
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331:
278:
271:
25:
3188:
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2844:
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1036:). Abu Abdallah and Abu'l-Abbas became members of the Isma'ili missionary network (
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370:
115:
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2139:
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Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i was born al-Husayn ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Zakariyya in
924:
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544:
467:
286:
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2700:
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569:
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260:
1091:) among Abu Abdallah's followers, and remained with him until the conquest of
90:
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152:
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80:
36:
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was attacked by Berber tribes, which left Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad wounded. At
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265:
137:
100:
462:
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3231:
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Map of the fall of the Aghlabid Emirate to the Kutama led by Abu Abdallah
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1013:
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854:
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818:
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402:
296:
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1280:, who then recalled and executed his brother Abu Abdallah al-Ahwal.
1122:
1028:, the leader of the Iraqi branch of the Isma'ili missionary network (
351:
65:
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2597:
2593:
2519:
2414:
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961:. He was successful in converting and unifying a large part of the
788:
497:
375:
336:
1333:, but in March 909 gathered his forces for the final assault. The
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disputes: in July 903, Emir Abdallah II was murdered by his son,
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949:
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355:
321:
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110:
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1404:, the fulfillment of God's promise, the victory of God's truth (
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962:
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Abu Abdallah accompanied the Kutama back to their homeland in
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2862:
2690:
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1397:
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1319:
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1271:. As most of the regular troops had followed the former emir
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1214:
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1051:
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502:
192:
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2205:
Messianism and Puritanical Reform: Mahdīs of the Muslim West
1842:
2144:. The Medieval Mediterranean. Vol. 30. Leiden: Brill.
1854:
1425:
1055:
1042:) themselves, inducted by Firuz, the representative of the
1005:
997:
978:
917:
Abu Abdallah al-Husayn ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Zakariyya
202:
197:
2208:. Translated by Martin Beagles. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
2187:(Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2030:
2028:
670:
2100:
1965:
1466:), an elite distinct from the mass of ordinary Muslims.
2052:
2040:
2025:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1926:
1914:
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1789:
1685:
1649:
1072:, in preparation for going on to lead a mission to the
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in 909. At Mecca, Abu Abdallah came across a party of
1004:. According to the sources, he may have been an early
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1029:
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938:
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1950:
1938:
1890:
1813:
1801:
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1760:
1736:
1724:
1697:
1046:, and soon sent to missions abroad: Abu'l-Abbas to
1632:
1620:
1608:
1581:
1501:
1283:In 904, Abu Abdallah captured another major town,
1219:) of all booty was set aside for the messiah, the
973:. This ultimately led to the establishment of the
2293:Madelung, Wilferd; Walker, Paul E., eds. (2021).
2232:The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids
1516:
3379:
1173:: Ikjan and Tazrut became an 'abode of refuge' (
2228:Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden
1024:), Abu Ali, or, according to other sources, by
3428:10th-century people from the Fatimid Caliphate
2292:
965:Berber tribe, leading them on the conquest of
2327:
2201:
897:
2341:
2184:The Ismāʿı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines
1430:(judge), in the person of the local Shi'ite
1181:), his followers were termed the 'friends' (
969:from 902 to 909 and the overthrowing of the
1132:
1107:government outside the core territories of
2334:
2320:
904:
890:
2901:Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Baghdadi
1360:, Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad was sent ahead to
3423:People executed by the Fatimid Caliphate
1295:(Byzantine Laribus), barring the way to
1240:
2234:] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck.
2177:
1908:
1860:
1400:verses or paraphrases that exalted the
1236:
3380:
2248:
1563:
1422:. Abu Abdallah also chose a new chief
16:10th-century Iraqi Isma'ili missionary
3334:Muhammad ibn Hani al-Andalusi al-Azdi
2315:
2158:
2137:
2106:
2094:
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2019:
1824:
1783:
1771:
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2222:
2082:
2058:
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2007:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1944:
1932:
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1896:
1884:
1872:
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1807:
1795:
1205:) over each, while newly designated
1474:The prophetic traditions about the
928:
789:ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Ḥāfiz li-Dīn Allāh
13:
2286:
1343:Regency and the rescue of al-Mahdi
14:
3469:
3408:10th-century people from Ifriqiya
3448:9th-century people from Ifriqiya
3363:
2257:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
2202:García-Arenal, Mercedes (2006).
2122:
1432:Muhammad ibn Umar al-Marwarrudhi
873:
765:ʿAlī al-Ẓāhir li-iʿzāz Dīn Allāh
44:
3161:al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi
1016:Shi'ism by a local missionary (
706:Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl ash-Shākir
3151:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub
3146:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi
2271:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_SIM_0282
2265:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
1199:), and appointed a commander (
784:Manṣūr al-Āmir bi-Aḥkām’il-Lāh
775:Nizār al-Muṣṭafā li-Dīn’il-Lāh
1:
3303:Minbar of the Ibrahimi Mosque
2555:Hilalian invasion of Ifriqiya
2515:Qarmatian invasions (971–974)
2448:Conquest of Aghlabid Ifriqiya
1495:
991:
701:Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar al-Mubārak
3116:Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi
2620:End of the Fatimid Caliphate
760:Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh
750:Maʿad al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh
735:ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī bi'l-Lāh
7:
3106:Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani
2615:Crusader invasions of Egypt
2390:al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah
1476:
1462:
1456:
1449:Berbers, and overthrew the
1439:Abu Zaki Tammam ibn Mu'arik
1424:
1412:
1406:
1386:
1372:, an oasis town in eastern
1335:
1305:
1259:
1229:
1221:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1175:
1157:
1143:
1113:
1087:
1081:
1064:
1038:
1030:
1018:
939:
770:Maʿad al-Mustanṣir bi'l-Lāh
10:
3474:
3284:Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya
3131:Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman
2906:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi
2681:Ali ibn Ahmad al-Jarjara'i
2115:
1054:. Abu Abdallah joined the
779:Aḥmad al-Mustāʿlī bi'l-Lāh
483:Hassan Ala Zikrihi's Salam
3361:
3324:Ali ibn Muhammad al-Iyadi
3316:
3208:
3201:
3174:
3084:
3027:
2990:
2981:
2944:
2882:
2779:
2696:Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan
2644:
2635:
2542:Bedouin alliance uprising
2440:
2350:
513:Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai
3403:10th-century Arab people
2251:"Abū ʿAbdallāh al-Shīʿī"
2249:Walker, Paul E. (2008).
2130:Fatimid Caliphate portal
1851:, pp. 73–76, 86–88.
1445:, leader of the nomadic
1420:Great Mosque of Kairouan
1318:, whereupon Baghaya and
1133:Mission among the Kutama
986:Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah
940:Abū ʿAbd Allāh ash-Shīʿī
3453:10th-century executions
3393:9th-century Arab people
3317:Literature and learning
3308:Shrine of Husayn's Head
3227:Great Mosque of Mahdiya
3166:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
3141:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani
2495:Conquest of Egypt (969)
2297:. London: I.B. Tauris.
2159:Brett, Michael (2017).
2138:Brett, Michael (2001).
1460:) or 'friends of God' (
755:Nizār al-ʿAzīz biʾllāh,
408:ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani
3296:Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque
3028:Branches and offshoots
2741:Abbas ibn Abi al-Futuh
2686:Abu Muhammad al-Yazuri
2420:al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah
2405:al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah
2375:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
2263:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1246:
1050:, and Abu Abdallah to
977:in Ifriqiya under the
3443:10th-century Ismailis
3274:Fatimid Great Palaces
3111:Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i
2926:Anushtakin al-Dizbari
2736:al-Adil ibn al-Sallar
2731:al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi
2560:Mustansirite Hardship
2499:Expansion into Syria
2470:2nd invasion of Egypt
2464:1st invasion of Egypt
2415:al-Zafir bi-Amr Allah
2410:al-Hafiz li-Din Allah
2385:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
2365:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
1410:), and of the proof (
1265:Abu Abdallah al-Ahwal
1244:
921:Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i
793:Abu'l-Qāsim al-Tayyib
468:Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi
403:ibn Faraj ibn Ḥawshab
3438:9th-century Ismailis
2726:Ridwan ibn Walakhshi
2625:Battle of the Blacks
2425:al-Adid li-Din Allah
1974:, pp. 122, 124.
1863:, pp. 123, 125.
1237:Conquest of Ifriqiya
729:(ar-Raḍī ʿAbd Allāh)
589:Palace of Queen Arwa
423:Abu Tahir al-Jannabi
418:Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi
386:Nizari Ismaili state
3344:al-Azhar University
2706:al-Afdal Shahanshah
2537:Muffarij b. Daghfal
2489:Conquest of Morocco
2476:2nd Sicilian revolt
2458:1st Sicilian revolt
2395:al-Mustansir Billah
2109:, pp. 108–110.
2061:, pp. 154–156.
2049:, pp. 153–154.
2037:, pp. 152–153.
2010:, pp. 148–150.
1998:, pp. 125–132.
1986:, pp. 124–125.
1935:, pp. 117–119.
1923:, pp. 115–117.
1839:, pp. 113–114.
1798:, pp. 111–112.
1658:, pp. 89, 105.
1443:Muhammad ibn Khazar
1303:The triumph of the
1088:al-sayyid al-saghir
929:ابو عبد الله الشيعي
488:Rashid ad-Din Sinan
413:ibn Mansur al-Yaman
3418:Iraqi Shia Muslims
3398:9th-century births
3349:House of Knowledge
2716:Hasan ibn al-Hafiz
2400:al-Musta'li Billah
2253:. In Fleet, Kate;
2161:The Fatimid Empire
1694:, pp. 92, 94.
1470:Downfall and death
1402:Family of Muhammad
1247:
919:, better known as
850:Mufaddal Saifuddin
721:(al-Taqī Muhammad)
645:House of Knowledge
535:Nizārī strongholds
266:Atba-i-Malak Bohra
3375:
3374:
3357:
3356:
3329:al-Qadi al-Nu'man
3197:
3196:
3189:Baghdad Manifesto
3136:al-Qadi al-Nu'man
3121:Abu Hatim al-Razi
2977:
2976:
2816:Sharifs of Medina
2751:Ruzzik ibn Tala'i
2746:Tala'i ibn Ruzzik
2661:Ya'qub ibn Killis
2596:and accession of
2343:Fatimid Caliphate
2304:978-0-7556-3732-4
2215:978-90-04-15051-5
2194:978-0-521-61636-2
2170:978-0-7486-4076-8
1887:, pp. 90–91.
1875:, pp. 89–90.
1757:, pp. 96–97.
1721:, pp. 94–95.
1682:, pp. 90–91.
1670:, pp. 89–90.
1605:, pp. 87–88.
1578:, pp. 86–87.
1278:Ziyadat Allah III
1187:) or 'faithful' (
1118:followers of the
975:Fatimid Caliphate
937:
914:
913:
841:Haatim Zakiyuddin
805:Incumbent leaders
640:Baghdad Manifesto
594:Queen Arwa Mosque
361:Fatimid Caliphate
3465:
3433:People from Kufa
3367:
3206:
3205:
2988:
2987:
2811:Sharifs of Mecca
2780:Vassal dynasties
2721:Bahram al-Armani
2642:
2641:
2588:Siege of Ascalon
2370:al-Mansur Billah
2336:
2329:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2282:
2245:
2219:
2198:
2174:
2155:
2132:
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2126:
2110:
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2092:
2086:
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2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
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1900:
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1630:
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1600:
1594:
1588:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1514:
1508:
1479:
1465:
1459:
1429:
1417:
1409:
1391:
1378:Midrarid dynasty
1338:
1308:
1267:, a son of Emir
1262:
1232:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1160:
1146:
1116:
1090:
1084:
1067:
1041:
1035:
1023:
971:Aghlabid dynasty
942:
932:
930:
906:
899:
892:
880:Islam portal
878:
877:
876:
859:Taher Fakhruddin
824:Musta'li Ismaili
473:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa
381:Hamdanid dynasty
371:Sulayhid dynasty
48:
39:
33:
32:
19:
18:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3353:
3312:
3289:Portable mihrab
3249:Al-Hakim Mosque
3193:
3176:
3170:
3089:and theologians
3088:
3080:
3023:
2973:
2940:
2890:
2878:
2775:
2648:
2637:
2631:
2436:
2360:al-Mahdi Billah
2346:
2340:
2305:
2289:
2287:Further reading
2259:Rowson, Everett
2242:
2216:
2195:
2179:Daftary, Farhad
2171:
2152:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2113:
2105:
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2018:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1939:
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1601:
1597:
1589:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1517:
1509:
1502:
1498:
1472:
1394:calls to prayer
1376:, ruled by the
1349:al-Mahdi Billah
1345:
1239:
1135:
994:
910:
874:
872:
867:
866:
865:
831:Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs
812:Nizārī Ismā'īlī
806:
798:
797:
713:(al-Wāfī Ahmad)
696:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq
666:
655:
654:
577:Qalaat al-Madiq
508:Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs
376:Zurayid dynasty
343:
287:Sulaymani Bohra
222:
208:
207:
173:
163:
162:
56:
35:
34:
23:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3471:
3461:
3460:
3458:Berber history
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3373:
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3362:
3359:
3358:
3355:
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3351:
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3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3281:
3279:Juyushi Mosque
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3218:
3216:
3203:
3199:
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3186:
3180:
3178:
3172:
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3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2866:
2856:
2838:
2828:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2794:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2701:Badr al-Jamali
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2639:
2633:
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2630:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:Struggle with
2516:
2506:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2380:al-Aziz Billah
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2339:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2303:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2255:Krämer, Gudrun
2246:
2240:
2220:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2175:
2169:
2156:
2150:
2134:
2133:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2099:
2097:, p. 110.
2087:
2085:, p. 156.
2075:
2073:, p. 109.
2063:
2051:
2039:
2024:
2022:, p. 108.
2012:
2000:
1988:
1976:
1964:
1962:, p. 122.
1949:
1947:, p. 120.
1937:
1925:
1913:
1911:, p. 127.
1901:
1899:, p. 121.
1889:
1877:
1865:
1853:
1841:
1829:
1812:
1810:, p. 113.
1800:
1788:
1776:
1759:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1711:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1660:
1648:
1631:
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1607:
1595:
1580:
1568:
1515:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1471:
1468:
1344:
1341:
1238:
1235:
1139:Lesser Kabylia
1134:
1131:
993:
990:
912:
911:
909:
908:
901:
894:
886:
883:
882:
869:
868:
864:
863:
862:
861:
852:
843:
821:
808:
807:
804:
803:
800:
799:
796:
795:
786:
781:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
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716:
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547:
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527:
516:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
478:Hasan-i Sabbah
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
389:
388:
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373:
368:
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358:
342:
341:
340:
339:
334:
329:
324:
312:
311:
310:
301:
300:
299:
294:
289:
284:
283:
282:
275:
263:
261:Hebtiahs Bohra
258:
257:
256:
227:
225:Branches/sects
223:
214:
213:
210:
209:
206:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
174:
169:
168:
165:
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98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
57:
54:
53:
50:
49:
41:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3470:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:Ismaili da'is
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
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3262:
3260:
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3255:
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3211:
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3204:
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3119:
3117:
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3112:
3109:
3107:
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3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:Hamdan Qarmat
3094:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3045:Hamza ibn Ali
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2984:
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2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2936:Qadi al-Fadil
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
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2613:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:First Crusade
2581:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:Uprisings of
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:Rebellion of
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:Establishment
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
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2403:
2401:
2398:
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2378:
2376:
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2368:
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2355:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2241:3-406-35497-1
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2151:90-04-11741-5
2147:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2120:
2108:
2103:
2096:
2091:
2084:
2079:
2072:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2021:
2016:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1973:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1838:
1833:
1827:, p. 34.
1826:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1809:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1786:, p. 98.
1785:
1780:
1774:, p. 97.
1773:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1756:
1751:
1745:, p. 96.
1744:
1739:
1733:, p. 95.
1732:
1727:
1720:
1715:
1709:, p. 94.
1708:
1703:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1652:
1646:, p. 89.
1645:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1629:, p. 85.
1628:
1623:
1617:, p. 88.
1616:
1611:
1604:
1599:
1593:, p. 87.
1592:
1587:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1513:, p. 86.
1512:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1448:
1444:
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1435:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1416:
1415:
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1379:
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1371:
1367:
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1234:
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1217:
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1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
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1128:
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1071:
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1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1026:Hamdan Qarmat
1022:
1021:
1015:
1011:
1010:Twelver Shi'a
1007:
1003:
999:
989:
987:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
951:
946:
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935:
926:
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902:
900:
895:
893:
888:
887:
885:
884:
881:
871:
870:
860:
856:
853:
851:
847:
846:Dawoodi Bohra
844:
842:
838:
835:
834:
832:
829:
825:
822:
820:
816:
813:
810:
809:
802:
801:
794:
790:
787:
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709:
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694:
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689:
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669:
668:
665:
659:
658:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
637:
634:
630:
627:
625:
624:Jama'at Khana
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
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568:
566:
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558:
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551:
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543:
541:
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537:
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531:
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522:
521:
520:
514:
511:
509:
506:
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499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
458:Nasir Khusraw
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
398:Hamdan Qarmat
396:
395:
394:
393:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
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353:
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335:
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328:
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323:
320:
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309:
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298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
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281:
280:
276:
274:
273:
269:
268:
267:
264:
262:
259:
255:
254:
250:
249:
248:
247:Dawoodi Bohra
245:
244:
243:
242:
241:
236:
235:
234:
233:
229:
228:
226:
221:
217:
212:
211:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
175:
172:
171:Seven Pillars
167:
166:
159:
156:
154:
153:Reincarnation
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
58:
52:
51:
47:
43:
42:
38:
31:
27:
21:
20:
3339:al-Musabbihi
3259:Bab al-Futuh
3254:Aqmar Mosque
3214:architecture
3175:Anti-Fatimid
3110:
3086:Missionaries
2969:Fatimid navy
2952:Fatimid army
2676:Sitt al-Mulk
2638:and military
2503:Alexandretta
2429:
2352:Imam-Caliphs
2294:
2262:
2231:
2227:
2204:
2183:
2160:
2140:
2102:
2090:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2015:
2003:
1991:
1979:
1967:
1940:
1928:
1916:
1909:Daftary 2007
1904:
1892:
1880:
1868:
1861:Daftary 2007
1856:
1844:
1832:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1714:
1687:
1675:
1663:
1651:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1571:
1490:
1482:
1473:
1436:
1383:
1346:
1324:
1302:
1282:
1248:
1177:dar al-hijra
1168:
1136:
1078:
1068:, in Yemen,
995:
959:North Africa
953:) active in
948:
947:missionary (
920:
916:
915:
728:
720:
712:
711:ʿAbad Allāh
604:Constitution
582:
581:
518:
517:
493:Pir Sadardin
453:al-Naysaburi
438:al-Sijistani
391:
390:
345:
344:
314:
304:
303:
277:
270:
251:
238:
237:
230:
224:
3269:Bab Zuweila
3264:Bab al-Nasr
3232:Skifa Kahla
3184:Akhu Muhsin
3101:Ibn Hawshab
3008:Esotericism
2931:al-Basasiri
2649:and regents
2224:Halm, Heinz
1564:Walker 2008
1289:Constantine
1269:Abdallah II
1125:imamate of
1070:Ibn Hawshab
1058:caravan to
1044:hidden imam
855:Qutbi Bohra
837:Alavi Bohra
819:Aga Khan IV
297:Qutbi Bohra
292:Alavi Bohra
253:Progressive
3388:911 deaths
3382:Categories
3126:Abu Tammam
3035:Qarmatians
2983:Isma'ilism
2921:Manjutakin
2636:Government
2592:Regime of
2564:Revolt of
2548:Revolt of
2107:Brett 2001
2095:Brett 2001
2071:Brett 2001
2020:Brett 2001
1825:Brett 2017
1784:Brett 2001
1772:Brett 2001
1755:Brett 2001
1743:Brett 2001
1731:Brett 2001
1719:Brett 2001
1707:Brett 2001
1692:Brett 2001
1680:Brett 2001
1668:Brett 2001
1656:Brett 2001
1644:Brett 2001
1627:Brett 2001
1615:Brett 2001
1603:Brett 2001
1591:Brett 2001
1576:Brett 2001
1511:Brett 2001
1496:References
1273:Ibrahim II
992:Early life
943:), was an
609:Delegation
565:Maymun-Diz
448:al-Shirazi
443:al-Kirmani
428:Qadi Numan
327:Qarmatians
216:Musta'lism
203:Pilgrimage
143:Numerology
37:Isma'ilism
3239:Mansuriya
3057:Assassins
2991:Doctrines
2888:governors
2884:Officials
2859:Banu Kanz
2845:Hamdanids
2841:Sulayhids
2831:Mirdasids
2825:Palestine
2821:Jarrahids
2801:Hammadids
2666:Ibn Ammar
2550:Abu Rakwa
2522:(974–978)
2491:(958–960)
2485:(943–947)
2483:Abu Yazid
2478:(937–941)
2472:(919–921)
2466:(914–915)
2460:(913–917)
2279:1873-9830
2083:Halm 1991
2059:Halm 1991
2047:Halm 1991
2035:Halm 1991
2008:Halm 1991
1996:Halm 1991
1984:Halm 1991
1972:Halm 1991
1960:Halm 1991
1945:Halm 1991
1933:Halm 1991
1921:Halm 1991
1897:Halm 1991
1885:Halm 1991
1873:Halm 1991
1849:Halm 1991
1837:Halm 1991
1808:Halm 1991
1796:Halm 1991
1370:Sijilmasa
1327:Kasserine
1123:Kharijite
934:romanized
745:al-Manṣūr
686:al-Sajjad
619:Holy Du'a
498:Aga Khans
433:al-Nasafi
354:state of
352:Qarmatian
332:Assassins
66:Batiniyya
3177:movement
3156:Abdallah
3064:Musta'li
2945:Military
2893:generals
2849:Zurayids
2805:Ifriqiya
2711:Kutayfat
2671:Barjawan
2598:al-Hafiz
2594:Kutayfat
2571:Musta'li
2520:Alptakin
2261:(eds.).
2226:(1991).
2181:(2007).
1457:mu'minun
1451:Rustamid
1366:al-Qa'im
1362:Kairouan
1329:and the
1312:Billizma
1297:Kairouan
1293:al-Urbus
1202:muqaddam
1190:mu'minun
1171:Muhammad
1149:Salamiya
1109:Ifriqiya
1105:Aghlabid
1093:Ifriqiya
1014:Isma'ili
967:Ifriqiya
945:Isma'ili
740:al-Qāʾim
691:al-Baqir
545:Atashgah
337:Satpanth
322:Seveners
232:Musta'li
220:Nizarism
148:Theology
55:Concepts
26:a series
24:Part of
3222:Mahdiya
3202:Culture
3069:Tayyibi
2998:Imamate
2962:Ghilman
2787:Kalbids
2771:Saladin
2766:Shirkuh
2761:Dirgham
2656:Jawdhar
2646:Viziers
2607:Tayyibi
2441:History
2431:Dynasty
2116:Sources
1398:Quranic
1374:Morocco
1358:Tripoli
1316:Baghaya
1251:Raqqada
1100:Berbers
1074:Maghreb
936::
828:Taiyabi
727:Ḥusayn
664:leaders
636:Abbasid
570:Rudkhan
555:Lambsar
550:Gerdkuh
540:Alamut
530:Anjudan
519:Centers
463:Pamiris
356:Bahrayn
240:Tayyibi
198:Fasting
193:Charity
178:Walayah
76:Imamate
3074:Hafizi
3052:Nizari
2957:Kutama
2916:Bakjur
2911:Jawhar
2873:Multan
2847:, and
2835:Aleppo
2797:Zirids
2791:Sicily
2756:Shawar
2609:schism
2603:Hafizi
2577:schism
2575:Nizari
2531:Apamea
2526:Aleppo
2345:topics
2301:
2277:
2238:
2212:
2191:
2167:
2148:
1463:awliya
1447:Zenata
1331:Djerid
1184:awliya
1164:Tazrut
1155:. The
1127:Tahert
1097:Kutama
983:caliph
963:Kutama
925:Arabic
719:Ahmad
681:Husayn
662:Early
629:Qiyama
614:Ginans
599:Nizārī
560:Masyaf
503:Khojas
392:People
366:Multan
346:States
316:Nizari
306:Hafizi
188:Prayer
183:Purity
158:Titles
133:Taqiya
71:Ta'wil
3369:Media
3244:Cairo
3040:Druze
3017:Zahir
3013:Batin
3003:Hujja
2863:Nubia
2853:Yemen
2691:Rasad
2566:Nizar
2505:(971)
2230:[
1486:Ténès
1477:mahdi
1414:hujja
1353:Ramla
1320:Tijis
1285:Setif
1223:mahdi
1215:khums
1196:asba'
1153:Ikjan
1144:da'wa
1120:Ibadi
1114:da'wa
1060:Mecca
1052:Yemen
1048:Egypt
1039:da'wa
1032:da'wa
955:Yemen
676:Hasan
650:Women
583:Other
525:Cairo
279:Vakil
272:Badar
121:Hujja
106:Daʿwa
86:Bātin
81:Ẓāhir
61:Quran
30:Islam
3212:and
3015:and
2891:and
2869:Lodi
2799:and
2511:and
2299:ISBN
2275:ISSN
2236:ISBN
2210:ISBN
2189:ISBN
2165:ISBN
2146:ISBN
1426:qadi
1407:haqq
1388:aman
1336:da'i
1306:da'i
1260:da'i
1255:Mila
1230:da'i
1208:da'i
1158:da'i
1082:da'i
1065:da'i
1056:Hajj
1020:da'i
1006:Sufi
1002:Iraq
998:Kufa
979:Imam
957:and
950:dāʿī
815:Imām
218:and
128:Satr
111:Dāʿī
101:ʿIlm
96:'Aql
3210:Art
2513:2nd
2509:1st
2267:doi
1147:in
1008:or
1000:in
671:Ali
138:Pīr
116:Bāb
91:Nūr
28:on
3384::
2886:,
2843:,
2273:.
2027:^
1952:^
1815:^
1762:^
1699:^
1634:^
1583:^
1518:^
1503:^
1434:.
1166:.
1076:.
931:,
927::
857::
848::
839::
833::
817::
791:/
777:/
2875:)
2871:(
2865:)
2861:(
2855:)
2851:(
2837:)
2833:(
2827:)
2823:(
2807:)
2803:(
2793:)
2789:(
2605:–
2573:–
2335:e
2328:t
2321:v
2307:.
2281:.
2269::
2244:.
2218:.
2197:.
2173:.
2154:.
1566:.
981:–
923:(
905:e
898:t
891:v
826:-
638:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
