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742:. The marriage between Dioper and Gannibal was very volatile, and he suspected her of infidelity early in their marriage. Gannibal’s suspicions were confirmed when Dioper gave birth to a white daughter. When Gannibal found out that she had been unfaithful to him, he had her arrested and thrown into prison, where she spent eleven years.
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1240:Лихауг , Э. Г. (November 2006). "Предки А. С. Пушкина в Германии и Скандинавии: происхождение Христины Регины Шёберг (Ганнибал) от Клауса фон Грабо из Грабо" [Ancestors of A. S. Pushkin in Germany and Scandinavia: Descent of Christina Regina Siöberg (Hannibal) from Claus von Grabow zu Grabow].
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to Addis Ababa in 2014. However, the notion that
Gannibal may have been born in Ethiopia holds little currency with the general Ethiopian population. The Eritrean government asserts that Gannibal was instead born in Loggo Sarda, an area in modern Eritrea. It also erected its own statue of Pushkin and
1602:
Lihaug, Elin
Galtung (2007). "Aus Brandenburg nach Skandinavien, dem Baltikum und Rußland. Eine Abstammungslinie von Claus von Grabow bis Alexander Sergejewitsch Puschkin 1581–1837" [From Brandenburg to Scandinavia, the Baltics and Russia. A lineage of Claus von Grabow to Pushkin 1581–1837].
431:
in
Ethiopia, believed the young Abram, Ibrahim or Abraham, as he named him, was born around 1698. He was the son of a minor "prince" or chief. His father was relatively affluent, owning many livestock both inherited and taken in battle. He had several wives and 19 children. However, after his father
401:
Pushkin's unfinished biography of his great-grandfather, published after
Pushkin's death in 1837. Scholars argue that Pushkin's account may be inaccurate due to the author’s desire to elevate the status of his ancestors and family. There are a number of contradictions between the biographies of
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is also believed to portray
Gannibal during his time with Peter the Great. In Schoonebeeck’s portrait of Peter the Great, the young servant boy directly behind Peter is thought to be Gannibal. Although there are a variety of portraits that claim to contain Gannibal, there is little evidence to
1110:. After leaving school in 1817, Pushkin met Abram's last surviving son, Peter. He met Peter again in 1825, after writing in his diary about wanting to "get from him some memoirs about my great-grandfather." He seemed to use his own experiences, along with Gannibal's to create the plot for
1025:
Gnammankou's findings were in turn buttressed by the field work of Hugh Barnes. After consulting with the Sultan of Logone-Birni, Barnes found that an inscription on
Gannibal's crest, which was hitherto undecipherable, corresponded with the term for "homeland" in the local
1079:. It also notes that Gannibal is the great-grandfather of Alexander Pushkin, Russia's greatest poet. Dieudonné Gnammankou, whose research into Gannibal's background was largely responsible for the ceremony at La Fère taking place, also served as the main speaker at a
753:, in 1736, a year after the birth of their first child and while he was still lawfully married to his first wife. His divorce from Dioper did not become final until 1753, upon which a fine and a penance were imposed on Gannibal, and Dioper was sent to a
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The governments of
Ethiopia and Eritrea each claim that Gannibal was born in their respective territories. Under this belief, the Ethiopian government named a street in Addis Ababa after Alexander Pushkin, Gannibal's great-grandson. It also placed a
691:. After being made the chief military engineer of the Russian army in 1756, he received the rank of general-in-chief in 1759. He eventually retired to the estate Empress Elizabeth gave him, in 1762 during the reign of Catherine the Great.
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near the
Mongolian border. He was pardoned in 1730 due to his technical skills, and completed his service in Siberia in 1733. During this time he built a fortress and led several construction projects, where he became a master engineer.
1151:. The young boy present in Martin’s painting is argued to be Gannibal, because of the young boy’s role as valet to Peter during military campaigns and Gannibal’s possible connection to the artist while in France. A portrait by
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for the rest of her life. Gannibal's second marriage was nevertheless deemed lawful after his divorce. Gannibal’s second marriage to
Christina was much happier, and he appreciated her fidelity and affection towards him.
507:), and was loyal to them as if they were family. Starting at a young age, the boy Abram would travel alongside the emperor during his military campaigns, and at these military journeys he served as his godfather’s
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shortly before
Gannibal's enrollment there in 1720. The plaque declares that he was a graduate of the royal artillery academy of La Fère, and later became chief military engineer and general-in-chief of the
570:, rising to the rank of captain. While fighting in the French war against Spain, Abram received a head injury and was captured by the Spanish army. He was released in 1722 and continued his studies in Metz.
41:
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1369:"Dark star of the Enlightenment. How did an African slave surmount 18th-century attitudes to become a top military commander and intimate of Peter the Great? Maggie Gee charts an extraordinary life."
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Gannibal's actual place of birth continues to be uncertain, and is subject to speculation by modern historians. Until recent scholarly field work, it was generally assumed that he originated in
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gained power in Russia due to his good standing with Peter. However, Menshikov was not fond of Gannibal and was suspicious of his foreign origins and superior education. Gannibal was exiled to
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suggest the claims are accurate. In the Lesnaya painting, the young boy is dressed in traditional slave attire, which Gannibal did not wear due to his status under Peter the Great.
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500:, with Peter as his godfather. The date of Gannibal’s baptism held personal significance; he used that date as his birthday because he did not know his actual date of birth.
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and was most likely the son of a chief in the ancient sultanate. In 1995, Gnammankou asserted that the "Logon" Gannibal wrote about was actually Logone, capital of the old
679:), a position he held from 1742 to 1752. A letter signed on 22 March 1744 by "A. Ganibal" is held at the Tallinn City Archives. In 1742, the Empress Elizabeth gave him the
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Gannibal began living with another woman, Christina Regina Siöberg (1705–1781), daughter of Mattias Johan Siöberg and wife Christina Elisabeth d'Albedyll, and married her
789:). Her paternal grandfather was Gustaf Siöberg, Rittmester til Estrup, who died in 1694, whose wife Clara Maria Lauritzdatter Galtung (ca. 1651–1698) was the daughter of
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with a black page, by Gustav Von Mardefeld. Gannibal would have been in his mid-twenties at the time of this painting, so he is not the black page depicted here.
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became the new monarch in 1741. Gannibal became a prominent member of her court, rose to the rank of major-general, and became superintendent of Reval (now
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to receive an education in the arts, sciences and warfare from the highest institutes available. By then he was fluent in several languages and excelled in
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The Tsar is noted to have taken a liking to the boy's intelligence and potential for military service, and brought the child into his household. Abram was
922:. In a letter he wrote to Empress Elizabeth, Peter the Great's daughter, Gannibal stated that he was from the town of "Logon" or "Lagone". Anthropologist
2189:
714:, Hugh Barnes writes of meeting with the sultan of Logone-Birni, who gave him the same translation of the word. However, Frances Somers-Cocks, author of
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was a common feature of European courts of the time, as an exotic symbol of the court's prestige. On orders of Vladislavich's superiors (one of whom was
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Gannibal returned to Russia the following year and became first an engineer and then a mathematics tutor for one of the Tsar's private guard units.
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honoring Abram Petrovich Gannibal as a graduate of La Fère's royal artillery academy. The academy, which closed in the 1990s, had been started by
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wrote an essay about Alexander Pushkin in which he theorized that "Lagone" referred to Logo-chewa in Eritrea. In 1999, the Russian Institute in
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Abram Gannibal and Christine Regina Siöberg had ten children, including a son, Osip. Osip in turn had a daughter, Nadezhda, the mother of
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1022:. Gnammankou's biography of Gannibal was translated into Russian, and was voted the best book on Pushkin at the 1999 Moscow Book Fair.
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967:. Nabokov disagreed with Anuchin's theory, stating that it was just as likely that Gannibal was referring to "the Lagona region of
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Alexander Pushkin used his great-grandfather Abram Gannibal as the model for Ibrahim, the lead character in his unfinished novel
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Troyat (1957, p. 244) asserts that the place of Hannibal's origin was "on the banks of the Mareb River in what is now Eritrea".
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1136:, although the film's plot has almost nothing to do with Gannibal's real biography. The film is partly based on Pushkin's
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485:. In 1704, the ambassador immediately dispatched him by land to Moscow in order to be presented to Tsar Peter the Great.
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1678:"Peter the Great with a Black Page Mardefelt, Gustaff B. Mardefeld, Gustav von (Baron) V&A Explore The Collections"
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1982:
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1694:* Smith (1957, p. 245) postulates that "Logon" stood "on the northern side of the Mareb River in what is now called
1968:
1944:
1930:
1916:
1902:
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1034:, met the same sultan and received a different translation for FVMMO. She also suggested that FVMMO stands for the
975:." Support for Anuchin's theory of Ethiopian birth declined after it was exposed as racially based, implying that "
718:, met the same sultan and received a different translation for FVMMO. She also suggested that FVMMO stands for the
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Gannibal's education was completed by 1723, and he was due to return to Russia. After the death of Peter in 1725,
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In an official document that Gannibal submitted in 1742 to Empress Elizabeth, while petitioning for the rank of
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Gannibal eventually rose to become a prominent member of the imperial court in the reign of Peter's daughter
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994:, an expert on Russia, studied Russian, French and African sources and argued that Gannibal was indeed from
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by ship. His sister, Lagan, is said to have drowned in the sea in a desperate attempt to save her brother.
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cast doubt on Gannibal's ancestry, based on research findings during his work translating Pushkin's novel
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is disputed by reviewer Andrew Kahn). Voltaire called Gannibal the "dark star of the Enlightenment".
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2015:
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1995:
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is based on the father's first name; in this case it is based on the godfather's, Peter the Great.
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636:, as identified by Natalya Teletova; others identify it as a portrait of Abram Petrovich Gannibal
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It was during his time in France that Abram adopted the surname "Gannibal" in honor of the
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344:
481:), Abram was selected for this purpose and soon ransomed from the Sultan's viziers with a
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There are several portraits thought to depict Gannibal, which include a painting of the
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Abram valued his relationship with his godfather, as well as that of Peter's daughter (
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914:. Chiefly Russian scholars for many years believed that he was from the vicinity of
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1960:
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Catharine Theimer Nepomnyashchy; Nicole Svobodny; Ludmilla A. Trigos, eds. (2006).
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headquarters in 2002, and arranged for a statue of Pushkin to be transferred from
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On her paternal side, Gannibal’s second wife was descended from noble families in
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1623:"Descendant of Pushkin and the Romanovs Becomes The World's Youngest Billionaire"
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367:, where he was freed, adopted and raised in the Emperor's court household as his
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1114:. A stage version of the work was written by Carlyle Brown and premiered at the
463:, was looking for "a few clever little African slaves" for the Tsar's palace in
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woman. The couple married in 1731. Dioper despised her husband, whom she was
20:
19:"Gannibal" redirects here. For Abram Gannibal's son and Russian general, see
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1514:О МНИМОМ И ПОДЛИННОМ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИИ А. П. ГАННИБАЛА in Легенды и мифы о Пушкине
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made that region a more plausible likelihood for Gannibal's birthplace than
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1786:"East meets South: Southern Writers' Project production set in Russia."
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Yosief (2000, pp. 36–40) notes that at the time, the overall ruler of
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2020:
2004:
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by Наталья Константиновна Телетова , hardback, St. Petersburg 2004.
804:, became an accomplished naval officer who helped found the city of
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427:, the former professor at the Institute of Ethiopian Studies at the
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793:(ca. 1615–1661) and of Barbara Grabow til Pederstrup (1631–1696).
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and the mysterious word "FVMMO", which may mean "homeland" in the
702:, he asked for the right to use a family crest emblazoned with an
620:
Letter signed by A. Ganibal (note only one 'n') on 22 March 1744.
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being the traditional transliteration of the name in Russian). In
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with hopes of pleasing his godfather by expanding his learning in
2005:
White Russian—Black Russian: Race and Ethnicity in Russian Cinema
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1340:. Northwestern University Press. pp. 31, 47–49, 56, 63, 74.
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1263:"Pushkin's African background – the Pushkins and the Gannibals."
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African-born Russian general and military engineer (c.1696–1781)
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The Moor of St Petersburg: In the Footsteps of a Black Russian
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The Moor of St Petersburg: In the Footsteps of a Black Russian
979:" Ethiopian origins better explained Gannibal's success than "
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The Moor of St Petersburg: In the Footsteps of a Black Russian
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The main reliable accounts of Gannibal's early life come from
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1551:
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987:
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Gannibal married twice. His first wife was Evdokia Dioper, a
719:
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of central Africa. However, Frances Somers-Cocks, author of
824:. Many British aristocrats descend from Gannibal, including
1400:
Russia and the Negro: Blacks in Russian History and Thought
1337:
Under the Sky of My Africa: Alexander Pushkin and Blackness
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532:
298:
Master military engineer, military officer, teacher, author
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1233:
378:. He had 11 children, most of whom became members of the
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Black Russian – A Review by Andrew Kahn of Hugh Barnes'
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of African origin. Kidnapped and enslaved as a child by
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18th-century military personnel from the Russian Empire
1719:, who was in control of the region from 1679 till 1719.
1239:
1230:
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died in battle trying to defend his territory from the
46:
Modern depiction of Abram Gannibal, bust in Petrovskoe
1704:
N. Ismailov posits that the Logon was located in the "
1042:, which means "Fortune has changed my life entirely".
382:. One of his great-grandsons was the author and poet
1837:
Edwards, John (2003). "Looking For Abram Hannibal".
726:
which means "Fortune has changed my life entirely."
2190:
The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights
1682:
Victoria and Albert Museum: Explore the Collections
558:During Abram's studies, conflict broke out between
523:1888 artist's conception of Gannibal speaking with
1580:"Abram Hannibal, the Favorite of Peter the Great."
455:'s household. At the time, the Russian ambassador
2556:People from the Russian Empire of African descent
1118:'s 13th Southern Writers' Project in March 2001.
930:, the capital of Ethiopia, also campaigned for a
846:Nadejda Mountbatten, Marchioness of Milford Haven
844:, is also a direct descendant as the grandson of
838:George Mountbatten, 4th Marquess of Milford Haven
2492:
1939:by Dieudonné Gnammankou, paperback, Paris 1996.
1708:Eritrean plateau" (see Pankhurst, 1961, p. 423).
551:. He enrolled in the royal artillery academy at
440:the population, Abram was captured and taken to
278: 1736, unrecognized until 1753)
2166:The Tale of the Priest and of His Workman Balda
1812:"Tale of How Tsar Peter Married off His Negro."
1736:"Addis Abab awaits Pushkin statue from Moscow."
1329:
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1323:
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1319:
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2581:18th-century engineers from the Russian Empire
1923:Abraham Hannibal and the Battle for the Throne
343:; c. 1696 – 14 May 1781), was a Russian Chief
2036:
1909:Abraham Hannibal and the Raiders of the Sands
1133:How Czar Peter the Great Married Off His Moor
477:, great-grandfather of the celebrated writer
1925:, by Frances Somers Cocks, paperback 2003 .
1911:, by Frances Somers Cocks, paperback 2003 .
1832:
1830:
1549:Abraham Hanibal – l’aïeul noir de Pouchkine.
1446:, November 12, 2010. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
1314:
2244:The Tales of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin
1937:Abraham Hanibal – l’aïeul noir de Pouchkine
1897:, by Frances Somers Cocks, paperback 2005.
1311:, October 21, 2005. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
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2029:
1741:, October 8, 2014. Retrieved June 8, 2016.
451:for about a year in the service of Sultan
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1171:Representation of slavery in European art
1062:, and the sultan of Logone-Birni went to
1002:of Logone-Birni, now located in northern
826:Natalia Grosvenor, Duchess of Westminster
1953:, Георг Леетс , Таллин , paperback 1984.
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1762:
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1729:
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1377:, 8 August 2005. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
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884:, Gannibal's great-grandson through Osip
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2536:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Russia
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1439:"Of African Princes and Russian Poets."
1300:
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1126:Abram Gannibal is a protagonist of the
1050:In November 2010, representatives from
834:Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster
830:Alexandra Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn
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2182:The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish
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1605:Archiv für Familiengeschichtsforschung
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812:in 1779 and also attained the rank of
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895:Debate over Gannibal's place of birth
85:Debate over Gannibal's place of birth
2566:Russian exiles in the Russian Empire
2014:at the 2006 Russian Film Symposium,
1957:Notes on prosody: and Abram Gannibal
1805:
1471:
1419:. 14, 20–21. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
1271:
1045:
632:Portrait of German-Russian General
410:, based on his great-grandfather.
171:1718–1722 (Kingdom of France)
13:
2480:Demolition of monuments in Ukraine
1975:Жизнь Ганнибала – прадеда Пушкина
1361:
1006:. He believed that the pattern of
14:
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2531:Courtiers from the Russian Empire
1989:
1883:, by Hugh Barnes, hardback 2005.
1633:from the original on 9 April 2019
1501:. 4, 219. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
1483:Gannibal: The Moor of Petersburg.
1040:Fortuna Vitam Meam Mutavit Omnino
724:Fortuna Vitam Meam Mutavit Omnino
174:1723–1762 (Imperial Russia)
1881:Gannibal: the Moor of Petersburg
1824:, 2006. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
1458:Gannibal: The Moor of Petersburg
955:named a street for him in 2009.
874:
856:
712:Gannibal: The Moor of Petersburg
634:Ivan Ivanovich Möller-Sakomelsky
306:
252:
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119:
2198:The Tale of the Golden Cockerel
1996:Online Gallery: Black Europeans
1770:"The Negro of Peter the Great."
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1522:Institute of Russian Literature
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1149:Pierre-Denis Martin the Younger
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2551:Imperial Russian Army generals
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1566:. 129. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
1449:
1207:
1095:Coat of arms of Abram Gannibal
866:, Gannibal's eldest son, with
648:in 1727. He first traveled to
601:(this claim by his biographer
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1:
2438:Mikhaylovskoye Museum Reserve
1224:
1186:the Arab of the highest court
1099:
568:War of the Quadruple Alliance
402:Pushkin and the German novel
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212:War of the Quadruple Alliance
69:
47:
2091:The Fountain of Bakhchisaray
2075:The Prisoner of the Caucasus
1715:was Degezmati Habtesulus of
1116:Alabama Shakespeare Festival
918:, a province in present-day
818:second-highest military rank
514:
457:Sava Vladislavich-Raguzinsky
7:
2541:Military history of Tallinn
2236:The Moor of Peter the Great
2148:To the Slanderers of Russia
1784:Litchfield, Robyn Bradley.
1653:"Marquess of Milford Haven"
1213:The Russian middle name or
1159:
1112:The Moor of Peter the Great
1107:The Moor of Peter the Great
589:he met and befriended such
543:. In 1718 Abram joined the
531:In 1717, Abram was sent to
397:The Moor of Peter the Great
363:and presented as a gift to
359:, Gannibal was smuggled to
10:
2602:
2571:Russian military engineers
2506:1700s missing person cases
1775:. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
1511:Teletova, Natalya (1995).
1465:December 11, 2006, at the
1248:. Санкт-Петербург : 31–38.
791:Lauritz Lauritzson Galtung
417:
341:Абра́м Петро́вич Ганниба́л
18:
2576:Russian untitled nobility
2449:Pushkin Is Our Everything
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2325:A Feast in Time of Plague
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2227:
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1592:. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
1268:. Retrieved May 26, 2016.
1190:ru:Араб Высочайшего двора
889:
800:. Gannibal's oldest son,
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611:
475:Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy
429:University of Addis Ababa
340:
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286:
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111:
91:
65:
57:
39:
32:
2369:Abram Petrovich Gannibal
2016:University of Pittsburgh
1951:Абрам Петрович Ганнибал
1802:Retrieved June 12, 2016.
1583:Journal of Negro History
1242:Генеалогический вестник
1200:
317:Abram Petrovich Gannibal
265:Christina Regina Siöberg
34:Abram Petrovich Gannibal
2174:The Tale of Tsar Saltan
1851:10.1179/sla.2003.9.1.19
1756:Retrieved June 8, 2016.
1751:"Loggo Sarda: Eritrea."
1409:Howard University Press
1138:Moor of Peter the Great
566:, and he fought in the
2292:The Captain's Daughter
1877:, D. S. Anuchin, 1899.
1096:
907:
637:
625:
528:
217:Battle of Fuenterrabia
2586:18th-century nobility
1796:Montgomery Advertiser
1739:www.worldbulletin.net
1545:Gnammankou, Dieudonné
1306:"From Slave to Slav."
1094:
1083:following the event.
1077:Imperial Russian Army
1066:, France to unveil a
902:
681:Mikhailovskoye estate
631:
619:
522:
165:Years of service
25:Gannibal (manga)
23:. For the manga, see
2432:Literaturnaya Gazeta
2318:The Little Tragedies
1822:www.rusfilm.pitt.edu
1196:of a Russian Emperor
1153:Adriaan Schoonebeeck
1068:commemorative plaque
1058:, the ambassador of
992:Dieudonné Gnammankou
595:Baron de Montesquieu
549:military engineering
494:St. Paraskeva Church
447:Abram stayed in the
251: 1731;
2521:18th-century slaves
2470:Pushkinskaya Square
2371:(great-grandfather)
2284:A Journey to Arzrum
2276:The Queen of Spades
2115:The Bronze Horseman
1754:www.geographic.org.
1181:List of kidnappings
934:to honor Pushkin's
932:commemorative stamp
868:Order of St. George
669:Elizabeth of Russia
197:(Kingdom of France)
2546:History of Vilnius
2426:Dostoyevsky Speech
2380:Anna Petrovna Kern
2332:Mozart and Salieri
2067:Ruslan and Ludmila
2010:2021-02-25 at the
1817:2021-02-10 at the
1800:www.ckellyuva.com.
1791:2021-02-24 at the
1629:. 12 August 2016.
1556:Presence Africaine
1443:The New York Times
1437:Schmemann, Serge.
1397:Blakely, Allison.
1304:Marsden, Phillip.
1097:
1087:In popular culture
908:
842:Queen Elizabeth II
638:
626:
529:
408:of Peter the Great
2488:
2487:
2158:Verse fairy tales
2052:Alexander Pushkin
1798:, March 4, 2016.
1145:Battle of Lesnaya
969:equatorial Africa
882:Alexander Pushkin
798:Alexander Pushkin
687:with hundreds of
525:Alexander Suvorov
425:Richard Pankhurst
420:Slavery in Russia
384:Alexander Pushkin
345:Military Engineer
314:
313:
191:(Imperial Russia)
141:Kingdom of France
127:Tsardom of Russia
99:(aged 84–85)
2593:
2526:Russian adoptees
2358:Natalia Pushkina
2045:
2038:
2031:
2022:
2021:
1961:Vladimir Nabokov
1863:
1862:
1834:
1825:
1809:
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1782:
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1768:Phillips, Mike.
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1405:Washington, D.C.
1395:
1378:
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1302:
1269:
1261:Phillips, Mike.
1259:
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1249:
1237:
1218:
1211:
1046:Honor at La Fère
959:Vladimir Nabokov
946:of him near the
878:
860:
814:general-in-chief
785:) / von Grabow (
642:Prince Menshikov
380:Russian nobility
349:General-in-Chief
342:
310:
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277:
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189:General-in-chief
153:
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2561:Peter the Great
2491:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2465:Pushkin studies
2400:
2396:Pyotr Vyazemsky
2346:
2339:The Stone Guest
2298:
2223:
2204:
2153:
2121:
2059:Narrative poems
2054:
2049:
2012:Wayback Machine
2000:British Library
1992:
1875:Life of Ganibal
1871:
1866:
1835:
1828:
1819:Wayback Machine
1810:
1806:
1793:Wayback Machine
1783:
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1773:British Library
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1309:theguardian.com
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1028:Kotoko language
904:Peter the Great
897:
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822:imperial Russia
781:), and Grabow (
740:forced to marry
732:
710:. In his book,
708:Kotoko language
614:
593:figures as the
517:
461:Peter the Great
459:, representing
422:
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365:Peter the Great
295:Other work
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2083:The Gabrieliad
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1990:External links
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1524:. p. 94.
1503:
1480:Barnes, Hugh.
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1176:List of slaves
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840:, a cousin of
832:, and her son
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624:City Archives.
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1956:
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1945:2-70870609-8
1936:
1931:0-95440341-X
1922:
1917:0-95440340-1
1908:
1903:0-95440342-8
1894:
1889:1-86197365-9
1880:
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1845:(1): 19–33.
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1713:Mereb Melash
1690:
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1662:December 13,
1660:. Retrieved
1657:huffpost.com
1656:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
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1588:.4: 359–66.
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1351:. Retrieved
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333:Abram Petrov
332:
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315:
205:Battles/wars
97:(1781-05-14)
2511:1781 deaths
2475:Sovremennik
2287:(1835–1836)
2239:(1827–1828)
2209:Verse novel
2141:I Loved You
2126:Short poems
2099:The Gypsies
2078:(1820–1822)
1869:Biographies
1038:expression
1008:slave trade
983:" origins.
971:, south of
928:Addis Ababa
787:Brandenburg
769:: Siöberg (
763:Scandinavia
722:expression
603:Hugh Barnes
545:French Army
537:mathematics
479:Leo Tolstoy
414:Enslavement
157:(1721–1781)
143:(1718–1722)
129:(1704–1721)
95:14 May 1781
73: 1696
51: 1984
2495:Categories
1564:2708706098
1417:0882581465
1347:0810119714
1225:References
1100:Literature
990:historian
747:bigamously
662:Selenginsk
652:, then to
470:Kammermohr
436:trying to
418:See also:
406:Blackamoor
390:Early life
112:Allegiance
2268:Dubrovsky
1859:192195246
1839:Slavonica
1353:7 January
1081:symposium
1012:Lake Chad
973:Lake Chad
555:in 1720.
515:Education
505:Elizabeth
453:Ahmed III
376:Elizabeth
303:Signature
228:Spouse(s)
2252:The Shot
2150:" (1831)
2143:" (1830)
2136:" (1817)
2008:Archived
1963:, 1964.
1815:Archived
1789:Archived
1717:Tseazega
1706:Hamasien
1637:22 April
1631:Archived
1627:rbth.com
1611:: 32–46.
1578:(1923).
1558:, 1996.
1493:, 2006.
1463:Archived
1411:, 1986.
1215:patronym
1160:See also
1060:Cameroon
1020:Ethiopia
1004:Cameroon
988:Beninese
912:Ethiopia
704:elephant
696:nobility
599:Voltaire
583:Gannibal
579:Hannibal
577:general
541:geometry
490:baptized
357:Ottomans
353:nobleman
321:Hannibal
287:Children
81:Cameroon
2413:Amadeus
2405:Related
2392:(uncle)
2320:(1830)
2247:(1830)
2107:Poltava
1998:at the
1696:Eritrea
1684:. 1720.
1064:La Fère
1056:Estonia
1010:around
981:negroid
977:hamitic
920:Eritrea
810:Ukraine
806:Kherson
783:Denmark
775:Galtung
767:Germany
755:convent
677:Estonia
673:Tallinn
658:Irkutsk
654:Tobolsk
646:Siberia
622:Tallinn
553:La Fère
498:Vilnius
438:enslave
337:Russian
325:Ganibal
319:, also
280:
272:
268:
257:
245:
241:
195:Captain
2360:(wife)
2351:People
2314:(1825)
2295:(1836)
2279:(1834)
2271:(1833)
2220:(1833)
2201:(1834)
2193:(1833)
2185:(1833)
2177:(1831)
2169:(1830)
2118:(1833)
2110:(1829)
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2094:(1823)
2086:(1821)
2070:(1820)
1981:
1967:
1943:
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1487:London
1415:
1344:
1128:Soviet
1052:Russia
1016:Gondar
952:Moscow
890:Legacy
816:, the
779:Norway
771:Sweden
730:Family
698:and a
612:Career
560:France
465:Moscow
369:godson
361:Russia
351:, and
152:
138:
124:
2303:Plays
2228:Prose
1855:S2CID
1590:JSTOR
1552:Paris
1518:(PDF)
1201:Notes
1036:Latin
751:Reval
736:Greek
720:Latin
689:serfs
650:Kazan
587:Paris
564:Spain
509:valet
483:bribe
327:, or
274:(
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2419:film
1979:ISBN
1965:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1927:ISBN
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1899:ISBN
1885:ISBN
1664:2023
1639:2020
1560:ISBN
1526:ISBN
1495:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1355:2015
1342:ISBN
1194:page
1054:and
986:The
944:bust
802:Ivan
765:and
656:and
597:and
562:and
539:and
533:Metz
467:; a
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253:div.
182:Rank
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66:Born
1959:by
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