273:
Carmen
Herrera Climaco had given birth at home and then began to bleed heavily. (The pregnancy was almost certainly unintentional, as it occurred after a tubal ligation.) Her mother called the police to take her to the hospital. While she was in the hospital, police searched her home and found a lifeless infant. Medical examination failed to determine if the infant was born alive or dead, nor a cause of death. Nevertheless, a sentence of aggravated homicide was passed, separating her from her three children. Almost eight years later, thanks to the efforts of a group of activists and national and international attorneys, Karina's sentence was reviewed. It was annulled and she was released. She has not been compensated for her eight years of incarceration.
2288:
284:. MarĂa Edis Hernández MĂ©ndez de Castro, 30, was a single mother with four children when she found out she was pregnant. Maria told her family that she was pregnant, even though she did not know how far along the pregnancy was. During the pregnancy, Maria felt pain and went to the bathroom in her home at which time she suffered labor complications and passed out. She regained consciousness in the
259:, low-income women who have a miscarriage or a stillbirth are often prosecuted. Often they are reported by medical personnel to the police and subsequently arrested in the hospital. They are wrongly accused of abortion or homicide and sentenced up to 40 years in prison. Currently, there are 17 women in prison for pregnancy related complications who have not had due process while being prosecuted.
320:, the same procedure that would have been used had the court ruled in her favor. Legally, this was not an abortion because the fetus was incubated and given fluids. The child died five hours after the procedure. Beatriz was able to recover and leave the hospital. The case was identified by reproductive rights activists as evidence of a lack of progress towards the goals of the 1994
227:
not guarantee adequate procedures. If complications arise due to the conditions in which the abortion was practiced, they are then at risk of being reported by hospital staff who treat the complications. All of this highlights the risk to life, health, security of person and liberty that terminating an unwanted pregnancy represents for young, low-income women in El
Salvador.
288:. The doctor that treated Maria reported her to the police on suspicion of having an abortion. She was convicted of aggravated homicide and sentenced to thirty years in prison. Two more cases of women sentenced to lengthy prison terms for what might have been abortions or miscarriages are detailed in the same report.
120:
inducing her abortion, can be imprisoned for two to eight years. A person who performs an abortion to which the woman has not consented can be sentenced to four to ten years in jail; if the person is a physician, pharmacist, or other health care worker, he or she is instead subject to between six and twelve years.
226:
Using pills, catheters, injections and rods can kill a woman or injure her permanently. In addition to having only dangerous methods at their disposal, the women being tried for abortion were forced to self-induce abortions in their homes, in unsanitary conditions or in clandestine clinics that could
193:
The criminalization of abortion has extremely serious consequences for women's lives and health: abortions performed under dangerous conditions; high mortality and morbidity rates; and a lack of reliable studies that could help health services provide better care to their clients, including women who
170:
protects every person's right to life, liberty, security of person, and social justice. Furthermore it establishes that all persons are equal before the law and there can be no restrictions based on race, gender or religion. El
Salvador's criminal anti-abortion legislation allegedly violates all of
272:
explored the effect of 1998 Penal Code. The article was later disputed when it was revealed that a woman mentioned as having been sentenced to 30 years in prison for an abortion, Carmen
Climaco, had been jailed for the homicide of what was ruled to have been a full-term infant. In fact, Karina del
235:
A report in 2001 revealed that, after the new Penal Code went into effect in 1998, 69 cases of illegal abortions had been prosecuted. In 23 of those cases, the women involved had been turned over to the authorities by health care workers when they arrived at the hospital seeking treatment after an
119:
On April 20, 1998, the new Penal Code was enacted, removing the exceptions that had been instituted in 1973, including the provision for the pregnant woman's life. Under this Code, a person who performs an abortion with the woman's consent, or a woman who self-induces or consents to someone else
206:
Doctors in El
Salvador report that women seeking abortions use a wide variety of methods: clothes hangers, metal rods, high doses of contraceptives, fertilizers, gastritis remedies, soapy water, and caustic fluids (such as battery acid). The most common methods are pills, such as
194:
have had abortions in unsafe conditions. This situation is further exacerbated by the persecution of women by the
Salvadoran justice and health systems. In some cases, therapeutic abortions are performed by physicians in medical settings, and justified as other procedures, e.g. a
313:, would likely have only a few hours of life. Her doctors requested permission from the government to perform an abortion because the fetus was nonviable and Beatriz was likely to die. When the case came before the Supreme Court, the court denied Beatriz's request.
116:(ARENA) submitted a draft bill, designed to amend the Penal Code to withdraw all grounds under which abortion was then permitted. On April 25, 1997, the Legislative Assembly voted 61 out of 84 to approve this modification to the Code.
296:
The lack of contraceptive information and the ban on abortion put women's lives at risk, particularly when they are young. One-third of the women giving birth are 19 or younger, and a handful are 10 – 14 years old.
73:. An abortion caused on part of the woman's negligence was exempted from prosecution, and the government also provided reduced penalties for a woman of good standing if she had consented to an illegal abortion, or
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46:, one could be justified if necessary to preserve the life of the pregnant woman. In response to the fact that the practice of illegal abortion was common, and was a major contributor to the rate of
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603:
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in 1992. One bill would have resulted in the investigation of medical clinics suspected of providing abortion; as a result of a 1993 study, overseen by a politician affiliated with the
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in El
Salvador. In 1994, the third-most-prevalent cause of mortality among adolescent girls was pregnancy and postpartum complications. Some of the girls arrested for trying to have
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United
Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2014). Abortion Policies and Reproductive Health around the World Sales No. E.14.XIII.11,
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23:. The law formerly permitted an abortion to be performed under some limited circumstances, but in 1998 all exceptions were removed when a new
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aggravated by the loss of kidney function, was told by doctors that she would likely die if she gave birth and that the child, due to its
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are as young as ten. It's a drain on resources in a country where health care expenditures in 1997 were $ 24 per person per year.
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in which they contended that the El
Salvadoran law against abortion violates several treaties that El Salvador has ratified: the
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215:(inserted vaginally); catheters to inject soapy water or caustic liquids; rods of any type of material to penetrate the
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Proposals to eliminate the exceptions to the general prohibition against abortion started to come before the country's
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1952:
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324:, which affirmed reproductive rights as human rights and emphasized the importance of reducing maternal mortality.
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93:, several health care workers were arrested. Another proposal in 1993, which was supported by the Archbishop of
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woman's life was endangered and abortion was the only means to preserve it, if her pregnancy had resulted from
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Under the new Penal Code of 1973, an abortion could be legally allowed under three major conditions: if the
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these constitutional and human rights established in the previously mentioned international conventions."
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Another 30-year sentence was passed out for an apparent miscarriage, in August 2008, by the
Tribunal of
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contained no explicit exception to its prohibition of abortion, although, under accepted principles of
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El Salvador also amended its Constitution in January 1999 to recognize human life from the moment of
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529:"Persecuted: Political Process and Abortion Legislation in El Salvador: A Human Rights Analysis"
479:"Persecuted: Political Process and Abortion Legislation in El Salvador: A Human Rights Analysis"
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451:"Report on violations of women's human rights due to the complete criminalization of abortion"
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In 2013, a case arose of a pregnant 22-year-old woman, identified as "Beatriz", who, due to
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219:; injections of unknown solutions; or a combination of abortion methods, such as pills, a
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50:, the Salvadoran government chose to expand the cases in which abortion was permitted.
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International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
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unsafe abortion. Most abortions had been self-induced, through the use of
161:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
2353:
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651:"El Salvador abortion controversy shows lack of progress on Cairo agenda"
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249:
35:
20:
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636:"Beatriz se recupera de la cesárea y sale del hospital en El Salvador"
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16:
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IPAS; MADRE; CWGDTEEA(ES); Women's Link Worldwide (October 2010).
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is a serious public health problem and the second direct cause of
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208:
174:
216:
507:"A High-Risk Pregnancy Is Terminated. But Was It an Abortion?"
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International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
139:, MADRE, and Women's Link Worldwide submitted a report to the
306:
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In an article published in the April 9, 2006, edition of the
70:
972:
58:
526:
476:
428:
Political Process and Abortion Legislation in El Salvador
622:"Pregnant El Salvador woman denied life-saving abortion"
534:. Center for Reproductive Law and Policy. pp. 48–49
484:. Center for Reproductive Law and Policy. pp. 25–26
322:
International Conference on Population and Development
30:
145:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
556:
Severe Abortion Law in El Salvador Persecutes Women
101:group), would have made December 28, a traditional
77:one, in the interest of protecting her reputation.
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80:
2822:
604:Truth, Justice, Abortion and the Times Magazine
300:
198:(abdominal incision) rather than an abortion.
2318:
988:
720:
706:
223:, and an injection or pills and a metal rod.
175:Continued practice of abortion in El Salvador
398:United Nations Population Division. (2002).
240:, or by the ingestion of harmful amounts of
504:
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442:
440:
438:
436:
2325:
2311:
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316:She was given permission to have an early
97:and the "Say Yes to Life Foundation" (an
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2412:Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992)
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602:Calame, Byron. (December 31, 2006). "
500:
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157:Convention on the Rights of the Child
141:United Nations Human Rights Committee
1157:Libertarian perspectives on abortion
527:Soledad Varela; Luisa Cabal (2000).
517:
477:Soledad Varela; Luisa Cabal (2000).
467:
374:Reproductive rights in Latin America
2397:Greater Republic of Central America
2392:Federal Republic of Central America
1232:Societal attitudes towards abortion
1152:Legalized abortion and crime effect
505:Zabludovsky, Karla (June 5, 2013).
412:
385:
13:
1182:Misinformation related to abortion
1092:Beginning of pregnancy controversy
495:
400:Abortion Policies: A Global Review
286:National Hospital of San Francisco
31:History of Salvadoran abortion law
14:
2867:
1097:Abortion-breast cancer hypothesis
677:
620:Hartogs, Jessica (May 29, 2013).
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837:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
334:Gender inequality in El Salvador
1242:Termination for medical reasons
642:
628:
613:
596:
291:
230:
202:Abortion methods in El Salvador
114:Nationalist Republican Alliance
585:Hitt, Jack. (April 9, 2006). "
579:
568:
552:Center for Reproductive Rights
545:
424:Center for Reproductive Rights
81:Reform process and current law
1:
2856:Women's rights in El Salvador
1087:Beginning of human personhood
685:El Salvador's Cautionary Tale
379:
1197:Paternal rights and abortion
1002:
962:United States Virgin Islands
649:Cabal, Luisa (5 July 2013).
608:The New York Times Magazine.
591:The New York Times Magazine.
7:
2831:Abortion in Central America
2712:Water supply and sanitation
1122:Ethical aspects of abortion
610:Retrieved November 4, 2008.
565:." Retrieved March 3, 2007.
406:September 27, 2018, at the
402:. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
339:Human rights in El Salvador
327:
168:Constitution of El Salvador
109:, the "Day of the Unborn".
10:
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2601:pre-dollarization currency
2382:1811 Independence Movement
1082:Abortion and mental health
430:. Retrieved March 3, 2007.
91:Christian Democratic Party
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937:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
855:
729:
166:They point out that "The
2495:Administrative divisions
1322:Central African Republic
1107:Abortion under communism
957:Turks and Caicos Islands
593:Retrieved March 3, 2007.
554:. (November 30, 2001). "
2157:Dilation and evacuation
2106:Conscientious objection
2091:History of abortion law
1117:Crisis pregnancy center
1066:Anti-abortion movements
265:New York Times Magazine
105:feast day known as the
2846:Society of El Salvador
2530:International rankings
2162:Dilation and curettage
2126:Late-term restrictions
1646:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1222:Sex-selective abortion
1102:Anti-abortion violence
887:British Virgin Islands
242:hormonal contraception
213:potassium permanganate
2841:Health in El Salvador
2402:Military dictatorship
2354:Pre-Columbian history
2219:Self-induced abortion
1217:Self-induced abortion
1142:Genetics and abortion
1038:Philosophical aspects
827:Saint Kitts and Nevis
687:" by Rhonda Schlangen
638:. AFP. June 12, 2013.
359:Abortion in Nicaragua
280:in the department of
257:Amnesty International
131:Objections to the law
2540:Legislative Assembly
2182:Menstrual extraction
2131:Parental involvement
1593:United Arab Emirates
1207:Prenatal development
364:Abortion in Honduras
278:San Francisco Gotera
107:Day of the Innocents
87:Legislative Assembly
69:was detected in the
2836:Abortion by country
2192:Abortifacient drugs
1912:Trinidad and Tobago
1227:Sidewalk counseling
1212:Reproductive rights
1177:Minors and abortion
842:Trinidad and Tobago
737:Antigua and Barbuda
349:Abortion by country
67:congenital disorder
2851:Law of El Salvador
2621:Telecommunications
2369:Captaincy General
2086:Constitutional law
1877:Dominican Republic
1202:Post-abortion care
1162:Limit of viability
1147:Late-term abortion
777:Dominican Republic
575:El Salvador report
561:2006-11-29 at the
511:The New York Times
184:maternal mortality
135:The organizations
65:, or if a serious
48:maternal mortality
27:went into effect.
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859:other territories
670:978-92-1-151521-3
354:Abortion in Chile
318:caesarean section
301:Case of "Beatriz"
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1953:Marshall Islands
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1192:One-child policy
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1973:Solomon Islands
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1558:Northern Cyprus
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1137:Forced abortion
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159:(CRC); and the
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2586:Central bank
2520:Human rights
2505:Court system
2500:Constitution
2407:World War II
2387:Mexican rule
2371:(Guatemalan)
2247:Christianity
2202:Mifepristone
2197:Methotrexate
2177:Instillation
2101:Buffer zones
1881:
1573:Saudi Arabia
1402:South Africa
1397:Sierra Leone
1302:Burkina Faso
1172:Men's rights
1132:Fetal rights
1045:Abortion law
952:Sint Maarten
932:Saint Martin
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655:The Guardian
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536:. Retrieved
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155:(CERD); the
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95:San Salvador
84:
75:self-induced
52:
44:criminal law
34:
25:abortion law
15:
2524:LGBT rights
2444:Earthquakes
2334:El Salvador
2274:Scientology
2252:Catholicism
2207:Misoprostol
2172:Hysterotomy
1958:New Zealand
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1528:North Korea
1443:Afghanistan
1018:Definitions
1011:Main topics
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832:Saint Lucia
782:El Salvador
311:anencephaly
250:misoprostol
36:El Salvador
21:El Salvador
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1523:Kazakhstan
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1453:Azerbaijan
1372:Madagascar
1342:The Gambia
1317:Cape Verde
1266:By country
917:Montserrat
912:Martinique
907:Guadeloupe
762:Costa Rica
538:2012-12-15
488:2012-12-15
460:2012-12-14
426:. (2001).
380:References
196:laparotomy
125:conception
40:Penal Code
2687:Languages
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2631:Transport
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2464:Volcanism
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1237:Socialism
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902:Greenland
817:Nicaragua
792:Guatemala
270:Jack Hitt
268:, writer
188:abortions
163:(CEDAW).
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2707:Religion
2657:Abortion
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2545:Military
2483:Politics
2338:articles
2292:Category
2259:Hinduism
2242:Buddhism
2234:Religion
2212:Oxytocin
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1892:Honduras
1811:Slovenia
1806:Slovakia
1781:Portugal
1651:Bulgaria
1548:Malaysia
1478:Cambodia
1427:Zimbabwe
1407:Tanzania
1337:Eswatini
1312:Cameroon
1297:Botswana
1187:Natalism
1127:Eugenics
1004:Abortion
867:Anguilla
802:Honduras
772:Dominica
747:Barbados
722:Abortion
559:Archived
404:Archived
344:Abortion
328:See also
246:antacids
221:catheter
55:pregnant
38:'s 1956
17:Abortion
2789:Outline
2740:Cuisine
2722:Culture
2645:Society
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1631:Austria
1626:Andorra
1621:Albania
1598:Vietnam
1543:Lebanon
1498:Georgia
1458:Bahrain
1448:Armenia
1392:Senegal
1387:Nigeria
1382:Namibia
1367:Liberia
1362:Lesotho
1307:Burundi
1282:Algeria
1028:Methods
1023:History
897:Curaçao
882:Bonaire
877:Bermuda
807:Jamaica
787:Grenada
742:Bahamas
456:. OHCHR
282:Morazan
252:pills.
244:pills,
209:Cytotec
2810:Portal
2730:Anthem
2611:Mining
2606:Energy
2459:Rivers
2439:Cities
2336:
2034:Guyana
2014:Brazil
1983:Tuvalu
1907:Panama
1897:Mexico
1862:Canada
1857:Belize
1821:Sweden
1801:Serbia
1791:Russia
1776:Poland
1771:Norway
1751:Monaco
1721:Latvia
1691:Greece
1681:France
1613:Europe
1588:Turkey
1583:Taiwan
1513:Israel
1488:Cyprus
1473:Brunei
1468:Bhutan
1422:Zambia
1417:Uganda
1377:Malawi
1352:Guinea
1287:Angola
1274:Africa
1075:Issues
822:Panama
812:Mexico
757:Canada
752:Belize
668:
624:. CBS.
217:uterus
2796:Index
2765:Sport
2755:Music
2667:Crime
2434:Biota
2264:Islam
2019:Chile
1978:Tonga
1968:Samoa
1816:Spain
1741:Malta
1711:Italy
1603:Yemen
1568:Qatar
1553:Nepal
1518:Japan
1503:India
1483:China
1357:Kenya
1347:Ghana
1332:Egypt
1292:Benin
872:Aruba
797:Haiti
532:(PDF)
482:(PDF)
454:(PDF)
307:lupus
248:, or
71:fetus
2745:Flag
2044:Peru
1943:Fiji
1872:Cuba
1538:Laos
1508:Iran
1436:Asia
1412:Togo
1327:Chad
942:Saba
767:Cuba
666:ISBN
211:and
137:IPAS
59:rape
2073:Law
672:,
606:."
589:."
61:or
2827::
653:.
519:^
509:.
497:^
469:^
435:^
414:^
387:^
127:.
2526:)
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2326:e
2319:t
2312:v
996:e
989:t
982:v
714:e
707:t
700:v
683:"
657:.
541:.
513:.
491:.
463:.
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