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ASDEX (with a major radius R=1.65m, minor radius a=0.4m, and plasma current Ip≤500kA) started operation in 1980. In 1991, it was dismantled by personnel of the
Southwestern Institute of Physics (SWIP), transported to Chengdu, China, and its main components were used to build the
276:(over 3000 degrees Celsius) which enables it to stand up to the very high heat fluxes emanating from the hot plasma at the heart of the tokamak; however there are also problems associated with a tungsten first wall, such as tungsten's tendency to
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302:. This result allows for far less tungsten to "contaminate" a proposed break-even plasma. ASDEX Upgrade will examine ways to overcome this problem, in preparation for the construction of
254:
properties, particularly the plasma density and pressure and the wall load, have been adapted in ASDEX Upgrade to the conditions that will be present in a future fusion power plant.
294:
material, radiation from fully ionized tungsten in the plasma is several orders of magnitude higher than that of other proposed first wall components such as
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Kasemann, C.-P.; Grois, E.; Stobbe, F.; Rott, M.; Klaster, K. (2015). "Pulsed power supply system of the ASDEX upgrade
Tokamak research facility".
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ASDEX Upgrade is, compared to other international tokamaks, a midsize tokamak experiment. It began operation in 1991 and it succeeds the
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Y. Liu et al., "Recent advances in the HL-2A tokamak experiments", Nuclear Fusion, vol. 45, no. 10, 2005
325:. Plasma heating and current drive in the ASDEX Upgrade is derived from several sources, namely 1 MW of
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feed the 580 MVA pulsed power supply system for the magnetic confinement and plasma heating.
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2015 IEEE 15th
International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC)
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M. Keilhacker, "The ASDEX divertor tokamak", Nuclear Fusion, vol. 25, no. 9, 1985
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The experiment has an overall radius of 5 metres, a gross weight of 800
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To make experiments under reactor-like conditions possible, essential
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One innovative feature of the ASDEX Upgrade experiment is its all-
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0.5–0.8 m (1 ft 8 in – 2 ft 7 in)
349:. It has 16 toroidal field coils and 12 poloidal field coils.
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at high temperatures, "polluting" the plasma and diluting the
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experiment, which was in operation from 1980 until 1990.
528:"ASDEX – German fusion device now re-operating in China"
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that went into operation in 1991. At present, it is
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International Fusion
Materials Irradiation Facility
337:heating (ICRH) at frequencies between 30 and 120
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268:first wall; tungsten is a good choice for the
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22:Axially Symmetric Divertor Experiment Upgrade
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313:, a maximum magnetic field strength of 3.1
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57:Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics
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321:and maximum heating power of up to 27
272:of a tokamak because of its very high
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102:3.1 T (31,000 G) (toroidal)
378:
224:Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik
189:in the ASDEX Upgrade, Garching 2006
13:
317:, a maximum plasma current of 1.6
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376:was discovered in ASDEX in 1982.
288:fuel mix. Furthermore, as a high
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526:Isabella Milch (2002-12-02).
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448:ASDEX Upgrade technical specs
238:experiment after stellarator
792:Field-reversed configuration
343:electron cyclotron resonance
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421:List of fusion experiments
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63:Technical specifications
571:, processes and devices
335:ion cyclotron resonance
296:carbon fibre composites
443:ASDEX Upgrade homepage
345:heating (ECRH) at 140
331:neutral beam injection
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708:Triple-alpha process
656:Magnetohydrodynamics
608:List of technologies
471:. pp. 237–242.
152:Year(s) of operation
1786:Lockheed Martin CFR
740:Proton–proton chain
603:List of experiments
426:Edge-localized mode
354:flywheel generators
173:ASDEX Upgrade model
18:
819:Dense plasma focus
394:. You can help by
341:, and 2 x 2 MW of
234:'s second largest
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183:Alexander Bradshaw
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120:Discharge duration
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1104:Electric Tokamak
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1382:ASDEX Upgrade
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1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1082:Alcator C-Mod
1073:
1071:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:International
1028:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1003:
997:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
976:Metal lattice
974:
970:
967:
966:
965:
962:
961:
959:
955:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
934:
932:
931:Electrostatic
928:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
906:
904:
900:
894:
891:
889:
886:
885:
883:
881:
877:
871:
868:
862:
859:
858:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
847:
844:
842:
839:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
815:
812:
808:
805:
804:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
787:
785:
781:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
734:
731:
730:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
703:Alpha process
701:
699:
697:
696:Gravitational
693:
690:
686:
682:
679:
673:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
631:Nuclear power
629:
628:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
588:
586:
582:
579:
575:
570:
563:
558:
556:
551:
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544:
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540:
529:
522:
513:
504:
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492:
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482:
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463:
459:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
406:
397:
393:
390:This section
388:
385:
381:
380:
377:
375:
370:
368:
357:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:ohmic heating
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:melting point
271:
267:
262:
260:
255:
253:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
218:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
194:ASDEX Upgrade
188:
184:
179:
171:
162:
158:
154:
150:
145:
141:
136:
132:
127:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:Heating power
105:
101:
99:
95:
91:
86:
84:Plasma volume
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
58:
55:
51:
48:
44:
41:
37:
34:
31:
29:
25:
20:
17:ASDEX Upgrade
1686:Perhapsatron
1381:
986:Pyroelectric
916:Laser-driven
755:Neon-burning
723:Helium flash
569:Fusion power
521:
512:
503:
468:
462:
400:
396:adding to it
391:
371:
363:
352:Three large
351:
308:
290:
263:
258:
256:
249:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:
193:
192:
155:1991–present
76:Minor radius
68:Major radius
1901:confinement
1647: [
1577:Heliotron J
1481:Stellarator
1349: [
1266: [
1173: [
1013:confinement
1002:experiments
957:Other forms
841:Stellarator
807:Bumpy torus
685:Confinement
577:Core topics
333:, 6 MW via
329:, 20 MW of
311:metric tons
187:Oliver Mark
160:Preceded by
53:Affiliation
28:Device type
921:Ion-driven
675:Processes,
618:Aneutronic
613:Commercial
454:References
403:March 2017
319:megaampere
298:(CFCs) or
270:first wall
181:Physicist
2106:Z machine
2087:Non-laser
1998:GEKKO XII
1950:Long path
1644:Uragan-3M
1639:Uragan-2M
1136:Riggatron
856:Spheromak
851:Spherical
775:S-process
770:R-process
713:CNO cycle
347:gigahertz
339:megahertz
300:beryllium
282:deuterium
205:ymmetric
2153:Tokamaks
2147:Category
2050:LULI2000
1916:Americas
1899:Inertial
1489:Americas
1056:Americas
1011:Magnetic
1000:Devices,
944:Polywell
903:Inertial
784:Magnetic
733:remnants
598:Timeline
495:30544871
415:See also
323:megawatt
266:tungsten
246:Overview
228:Garching
217:divertor
213:periment
209:ivertor
124:10
111:27
88:13
43:Garching
39:Location
1935:Cyclops
1867:SPECTOR
1838:Trisops
1698:Sceptre
1551:Oceania
1523:Model C
1409:IGNITOR
1341:COMPASS
1188:Oceania
1170:Novillo
1131:Pegasus
1022:Tokamak
861:Dynomak
846:Tokamak
677:methods
661:Neutron
286:tritium
232:Germany
222:at the
220:tokamak
215:) is a
201:xially
147:History
138:2
129:(pulse)
47:Germany
33:Tokamak
2074:Vulcan
2007:Europe
1781:Astron
1754:Mirror
1591:Europe
1457:MAST-U
1421:ISTTOK
1387:TEXTOR
1315:Europe
1241:ADITYA
1229:SUNIST
1099:DIII-D
1070:STOR-M
666:Plasma
493:
483:
374:H-mode
278:ionise
252:plasma
236:fusion
2101:PACER
2062:ISKRA
2021:HiPER
1975:Shiva
1970:OMEGA
1940:Janus
1930:Argus
1909:Laser
1879:Linus
1807:Other
1667:Pinch
1651:]
1627:TJ-II
1565:H-1NF
1549:Asia,
1540:SCR-1
1513:HIDRA
1462:START
1353:]
1346:GOLEM
1294:KSTAR
1282:GLAST
1270:]
1263:QUEST
1258:JT-60
1246:SST-1
1224:HL-2M
1219:HL-2A
1202:CFETR
1186:Asia,
1177:]
1158:TCABR
1092:SPARC
1047:PROTO
969:Migma
939:Fusor
829:Theta
814:Pinch
718:Fusor
491:S2CID
367:HL-2A
360:ASDEX
315:tesla
259:ASDEX
163:ASDEX
1984:Asia
1965:Nova
1960:Nike
1945:LIFE
1826:PFRC
1791:MFTF
1703:ZETA
1605:WEGA
1528:NCSX
1467:STEP
1433:T-15
1370:WEST
1306:TT-1
1212:HT-7
1207:EAST
1141:SSPX
1124:TFTR
1114:NSTX
1042:DEMO
1037:ITER
834:Zeta
728:Nova
688:type
481:ISBN
372:The
304:ITER
2045:LMJ
1955:NIF
1821:LDX
1796:TMX
1769:GDT
1740:MST
1728:RFX
1713:RFP
1582:LHD
1518:HSX
1508:CTH
1503:CNT
1445:TCV
1404:FTU
1399:DTT
1365:TFR
1329:JET
1153:ETE
1119:PLT
1109:LTX
1087:ARC
473:doi
398:.
2149::
1649:uk
1351:cs
1268:ja
1175:es
489:.
479:.
369:.
242:.
226:,
211:Ex
140:MA
113:MW
45:,
561:e
554:t
547:v
530:.
497:.
475::
405:)
401:(
291:Z
284:-
207:D
203:S
199:A
196:(
126:s
90:m
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