1799:
4071:
213:
1742:, had a monthly mean of 31.5 °C (88.7 °F) in July 2003, with an absolute maximum of 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) on 17 July, with monthly mean maximum temperatures of 36.0 °C (96.8 °F), 38.9 °C (102.0 °F) and 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) in June, July, and August, respectively. On some days, the increase in power consumption, paired with a 800MW reduction of the electricity imported from France, itself coping with the heat wave, compelled the Italian power companies to set up
197:
1762:, as a result of low water levels. Low water levels at the Rhine led to a reduction of cargo capacity by 70% to 80%. The drought also led to a reduction in agricultural production. Coal Power Plants and Nuclear Power Plants had to reduce their electricity production because they could not discharge cooling water into the rivers because of their already high water temperature. Together with the limited output of hydroelectric power stations, this led to a rise in electricity prices.
29:
1985:
1670:, a temperature of 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) was reached, 0.8 °C below the national record (since 1904). A higher temperature had only been recorded twice before. On 8 August, a temperature of 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) was recorded, and 12 August had a temperature of 37.2 °C (99.0 °F).
1864:
The summer of 2003 was warmer than average in
Ireland, but the heat was far less pronounced there than in the rest of Europe. August was by far the warmest, sunniest, and driest month, with temperatures roughly 2 °C above average. The highest temperature recorded was 28.4 °C (83.1 °F)
299:
Moreover, the French episode of heat wave in 2003 shows how heat wave dangers result from the intricate association of natural and social factors. Although research established that heat waves represent a major threat for public health, France had no policy in place. Until the 2003 event, heat waves
244:
The high number of deaths can be explained by the conjunction of seemingly unrelated events. Most nights in France are cool, even in summer. As a consequence, houses (usually of stone, concrete, or brick construction) do not warm too much during the daytime and radiate minimal heat at night, and air
291:
Not everyone blamed the government. "The French family structure is more dislocated than elsewhere in Europe, and prevailing social attitudes hold that once older people are closed behind their apartment doors or in nursing homes, they are someone else's problem", said Stéphane
Mantion, an official
271:
vacationing in August. Many companies traditionally closed in August, so people had no choice about when to vacation. Family doctors were still in the habit of vacationing at the same time. It is not clear that more physicians would have helped, as the main limitation was not the health system, but
248:
Elderly people living by themselves had never faced such extreme heat before and did not know how to react or were too mentally or physically impaired by the heat to make the necessary adaptations themselves. Elderly people with family support or those residing in nursing homes were more likely to
240:
The catastrophe occurred in August, a month in which many people, including government ministers and physicians, are on holiday. Many bodies were not claimed for many weeks because relatives were on holiday. A refrigerated warehouse outside Paris was used by undertakers as they did not have enough
1817:
brought cool and wet weather for a short while at the end of July and beginning of August before the temperatures started to increase substantially on 3 August. Several weather records were broken in the United
Kingdom, including a new record for the country's highest ever recorded temperature of
249:
have others who could make the adjustments for them. This led to unexpected survival rates with the weakest group having fewer deaths than the more physically fit; most of the heat victims came from the group of elderly not requiring constant medical care; often childless women who lived alone.
1954:
The wines from 2003, although in scarce quantity, were predicted to have exceptional quality, especially in France. The heatwave made
Hungary fare extremely well in the Vinalies 2003 International wine contest: a total of nine gold and nine silver medals were awarded to Hungarian winemakers.
1844:
Due to a number of deaths, the UK government released its Heat Health Watch system, issuing warnings if temperatures rise above 30 °C in the day and 15 °C at night. According to the BBC, over 2,000 more people than usual may have died in the United
Kingdom during the 2003 heatwave.
1617:
In
Portugal, there were an estimated 1,953 excess deaths (data corrected, range 1,866 to 2,039); 43% higher than the expected number for that year. 1 August 2003 was the hottest day in centuries, with night temperatures well above 30 °C (86 °F). At dawn that same day, a freak storm
224:
In France, 14,802 heat-related deaths (mostly among the elderly) occurred during the heat wave, according to the French
National Institute of Health. France does not commonly have very hot summers, particularly in the northern areas, but eight consecutive days with temperatures of more than
1765:
Summer 2003 was with an average
Temperature of 19.6 °C the warmest in recorded History of Germany. On 9 August temperatures rose to 40.2 °C in Karlsruhe and again to 40.2 °C on 13 August in Karlsruhe and Freiburg. The number of heat related deaths was estimated to be 9500.
1971:
and on the surface currents, as well. A seasonal current of the central
Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ionian Stream (AIS), was affected by the warm temperatures, resulting in modifications in its path and intensity. The AIS is important for the reproduction biology of important
1678:
Initially, 141 deaths were attributed to the heat wave in Spain. A further research of INE estimated a 12,963 excess of deaths during summer of 2003. Temperature records were broken in various cities, with the heat wave being more felt in typically cooler northern Spain.
1659:, again largely the elderly. The heat wave broke no records, although four tropical weather-designated days in mid-July, preceding the official wave, are not counted due to a cool day in between and the nature of the Netherlands specification/definition of a heat wave.
1585:. Despite hotter summers since, the death toll has been significantly lowered. In addition to a major effort to issue warning messages in time, the plan includes measures such as cooling rooms at senior centers, replacing tarmac at playgrounds with more heat
288:, head of the union of emergency physicians, who blamed the Raffarin administration for ignoring warnings from health and emergency professionals and trying to minimize the crisis. Mattei lost his ministerial post in a cabinet reshuffle on 31 March 2004.
2395:
De acordo com o período de comparação que se considerou mais adequado (biénio 2000-2001), o número de óbitos esperado foi de 4499,3 e o excesso foi de 1953 óbitos (IC95:1866-2029). O número de óbitos observado foi, assim, 43% superior ao número
1997:(GDP). This is 2.5 times higher than the losses experienced during an average year over the historical period 1981–2010. Losses of over 1% of GDP were recorded in areas with high exposure to heat and showing a large share of outdoor work.
4070:
296:. "These thousands of elderly victims didn't die from a heat wave as such, but from the isolation and insufficient assistance they lived with day in and out, and which almost any crisis situation could render fatal."
283:
for failing to return from his vacation when the heat wave became serious, and his aides for blocking emergency measures in public hospitals (such as the recalling of physicians). A particularly vocal critic was
1992:
Extreme heat undermines the working capacity of individuals, resulting in lower productivity, and thus economic output. In 2003, economic losses attributed to excessive heat amounted to 0.5% of
European
1647:, the temperature reached 37.9 °C (100.2 °F) on 8 and 12 August, making it the country's highest temperature since records began in 1947. This temperature record was later broken in July 2019.
2150:
1601:. Since 2012, French construction standards for new buildings and, to a lesser extent for existing buildings, have included requirements regarding comfort during heatwaves. In Paris, adding parks and
2146:
1627:
Five percent of Portugal's countryside and 10% of the forests (215,000 hectares or an estimated 2,150 km (830 sq mi)), were destroyed, and 18 people died in the flames. In
1593:
regulation. This reflects a growing awareness of the benefit of an integrated response to risks like heatwaves, compared to stand-alone technologies and projects and greater attention paid to
1856:
between Junctions 26 and 27, and rails buckled from expansion on the hottest day in England in 13 years, while two teenaged boys drowned while trying to escape the excessive heat.
2330:
4350:
229:, Yonne in early August 2003. Because of the usually relatively mild summers, most people did not know how to react to very high temperatures (for instance, with respect to
1605:
has been another key solution to heatwaves. Urban greening is most effective when green spaces are watered during a heatwave. Doing so increases the cooling effect from
2929:
2200:
2709:
2320:
32. Poumadère, M., Mays, C., Le Mer, S. and Blong, R. (2005), The 2003 Heat Wave in France: Dangerous Climate Change Here and Now. Risk Analysis, 25: 1483–1494.
2015:
2485:
2741:
4706:
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4005:
2434:
Trigo, Ricardo M.; Pereira, José M. C.; Pereira, Mário G.; Mota, Bernardo; Calado, Teresa J.; Dacamara, Carlos C.; Santo, Fátima E. (15 November 2006).
2408:
4484:
4479:
4459:
4343:
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237:. While contingency plans were made for a variety of natural and man-made catastrophes, high temperatures had rarely been considered a major hazard.
2647:
4045:
2051:
2099:
Robi, Jean-Marie; Cheung, Siu Lan K.; Le Roy, Sophie; Van Oyen, Herman; Griffiths, Clare; Michel, Jean-Pierre; Herrmann, François Richard (2008).
245:
conditioning is usually unnecessary. During the heat wave, temperatures remained at record highs even at night, breaking the usual cooling cycle.
2771:
2077:
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4449:
4336:
2305:
2547:
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4108:
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5177:
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4292:
2507:
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4904:
1782:
caused avalanches and flash floods in Switzerland. A new nationwide record temperature of 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) was recorded in
5478:
4464:
2328:
4701:
4136:
2574:
3144:
3112:
3080:
1833:
This was the first occasion on which temperatures exceeding 38 °C (100 °F) had ever been officially recorded in the UK.
4469:
4040:
3998:
3631:
2877:
252:
That shortcomings of the nation's health system could allow such a death toll is a controversy in France. The administration of
5468:
4865:
4817:
4540:
3926:
2372:
2169:
4411:
220:
that reads: "For information on Parisian victims of the heat wave, the city of Paris has established a toll-free number: ...".
5493:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
4696:
4684:
4494:
4474:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4103:
4098:
3905:
3800:
2695:
2677:
2630:
2100:
241:
space in their own facilities. On September 3, 2003, 57 bodies were still left unclaimed in the Paris area, and were buried.
177:
from the maritime influence of the Atlantic warm waters in combination with hot continental air and strong southerly winds.
4850:
4845:
4759:
4535:
4530:
4454:
4376:
3865:
3855:
3850:
3805:
3779:
3774:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3452:
3055:
2440:
33:
The difference in average temperature (2000, 2001, 2002 and 2004) from 2003, covering the date range of 20 July – 20 August
2834:
5488:
5458:
3833:
3820:
3626:
3412:
3325:
2933:
5306:
2210:
5448:
5349:
4525:
4260:
3991:
3748:
3242:
García-León, David; Casanueva, Ana; Standardi, Gabriele; Burgstall, Annkatrin; Flouris, Andreas D.; Nybo, Lars (2021).
2716:
1919:
Many other countries had shortfalls of 5–10%, and the EU total production was down by 10 million tonnes, or 10%.
279:, as well as many of the editorials of the French local press, blamed the administration. Many blamed Health Minister
5503:
5443:
4721:
4669:
4087:
3462:
2026:
1798:
5463:
5453:
2749:
2961:
2808:
5423:
2980:
5286:
2672:
5291:
4388:
3895:
3860:
3176:
2690:
2626:
5433:
5339:
5334:
5316:
4840:
4489:
4383:
4371:
3957:
3875:
3845:
3838:
3825:
3815:
3810:
3753:
3674:
3512:
3447:
2412:
1951:
was started much earlier than usual (e.g. in mid-August for areas that are normally harvested in September).
300:
were a strongly underestimated risk in the French context, which partly explains the high number of victims.
5276:
5266:
5261:
5251:
4751:
4499:
4234:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4060:
3936:
3931:
3769:
3590:
3573:
3557:
3355:
2052:"WMO: Unprecedented sequence of extreme weather events – News – Professional Resources – PreventionWeb.net"
1827:
1582:
191:
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5296:
5281:
5271:
5256:
5030:
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4629:
4606:
4219:
4131:
4126:
3661:
3644:
3595:
3583:
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2055:
1581:. The following year, the country drew up the National Heat Wave Plan built on national forecasting and
4784:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4716:
4674:
4429:
1964:
1577:
The 2003 heatwave served as a wake-up call for many cities to take action on reducing climate risks in
4919:
3202:
Olita, A.; Sorgente, R.; Natale, S.; Gaberšek, S.; Ribotti, A.; Bonanno, A.; Patti, B. (24 May 2007).
2782:
2599:
5438:
5418:
3519:
3417:
3386:
1976:
commercial fish species, so the heatwave may have influenced indirectly the stocks of these species.
1631:, one of the hottest cities in Europe, temperatures reached as high as 47.3 °C (117.1 °F).
5344:
5094:
5076:
4986:
4958:
4586:
4515:
4189:
4156:
3900:
3870:
3656:
2852:
1734:
The summer of 2003 was among the warmest in the preceding three centuries. The weather station of
5413:
4934:
4855:
4789:
4774:
4679:
4093:
3706:
3699:
3694:
3669:
3649:
3502:
3482:
3442:
3430:
3318:
2525:
2287:
280:
5483:
4996:
4835:
4812:
4689:
4520:
3784:
3621:
3616:
3578:
1994:
212:
4621:
2373:"Onda de calor de Agosto de 2003: os seus efeitos sobre a mortalidade da população portuguesa"
2238:
173:
The predominant heat was recorded in July and August, partly a result of the western European
4977:
4899:
4174:
3689:
3679:
3636:
3542:
3492:
3437:
3425:
3402:
2176:
1667:
276:
5377:
4953:
4943:
4779:
4764:
4611:
4596:
4184:
3497:
3477:
3467:
3457:
3407:
3255:
2449:
2227:
2224:
1940:
1803:
1686:
1594:
260:
2901:
2378:(in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge. p. 16. Archived from
263:
laid the blame on families who had left their elderly behind without caring for them, the
8:
5354:
4972:
4967:
4948:
4909:
4894:
4889:
4860:
4664:
4644:
4591:
4576:
4434:
4015:
3472:
3203:
2486:"Forte chaleur au Luxembourg - Record de la température maximale pour le mois de juillet"
1963:
The anomalous overheating affecting the atmosphere also created anomalies on sea surface
1590:
268:
253:
3259:
2570:
2453:
2436:"Atmospheric conditions associated with the exceptional fire season of 2003 in Portugal"
2166:
1746:. Italy estimated that the number of heat wave related deaths was approximately 20,000.
5246:
4914:
4875:
4601:
4328:
4166:
4024:
3547:
3507:
3345:
3311:
3284:
3243:
3151:
3119:
3087:
2467:
1783:
1640:
1606:
4079:
233:). Most single-family homes and residential facilities were not equipped with central
5040:
4924:
4769:
4659:
4654:
4545:
3289:
3271:
2955:
2471:
2325:
2128:
2120:
1968:
1935:
the grapes, making for more concentrated juice. By mid-August, the grapes in certain
1602:
230:
2379:
5361:
5085:
5005:
4639:
4634:
4199:
3967:
3279:
3263:
3215:
2568:
2537:
2457:
2321:
2112:
1849:
1743:
1618:
developed in the southern region of the country. Over the next week, a hot, strong
586:
293:
264:
234:
1837:
broke its highest temperature record with 32.9 °C (91.2 °F) recorded in
1826:
on 10 August, which remained the highest recorded temperature in the UK until the
1704:
1356:
4406:
3972:
3370:
3365:
3360:
2346:
2334:
2183:
2173:
1944:
1586:
285:
167:
5157:
3002:
2878:"Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Leistungen - Der Rekordsommer 2003"
2648:"Valores extremos – Agencia Estatal de Meteorología – AEMET. Gobierno de España"
2260:
2013:
196:
5015:
4991:
4581:
4360:
4194:
3952:
3350:
3267:
2542:
2116:
1598:
256:
5407:
5058:
5049:
5020:
4929:
4794:
4242:
4209:
4179:
3275:
3028:
2124:
1725:, 53 °C (127 °F) (the 1995 record was 46.6 °C (115.9 °F))
1026:
3983:
1787:
5139:
5112:
5035:
5025:
5010:
4804:
4649:
4554:
4270:
4224:
4214:
4204:
3962:
3910:
3293:
2347:"Green Technology Book 2022 : Solutions for climate change adaptation"
2151:"The human cost of disasters: an overview of the last 20 years (2000-2019)"
2132:
1973:
1947:). Because of that, and also of the impending change to rainy weather, the
1853:
174:
3220:
2902:Ärzteblatt Deutscher Ärzteverlag GmbH, Redaktion Deutsches (1 July 2022).
2014:
Emily Black; Mike Blackburn; Giles Harrison; Brian Hoskins; John Methven.
5382:
5148:
5130:
5103:
4568:
2781:. Dipartimento dell'Acqua e dei Rifiuti. 2003. p. 45. Archived from
1988:
The regional-level cost of heatwaves (as a share of regional GDP) in 2003
1870:
1735:
1656:
971:
3244:"Current and projected regional economic impacts of heatwaves in Europe"
1662:
The highest temperature recorded this heatwave was on 7 August, when in
5121:
2600:"La ola de calor de 2003 coincidió con un incremento de 13.000 muertes"
2205:
1710:
1644:
1578:
1411:
28:
3241:
3204:"Effects of 2003 heatwave on the Sea Surface in Central Mediterranean"
2604:
1984:
5067:
4881:
4421:
4398:
4118:
4032:
3334:
2462:
2435:
2145:
1866:
1838:
1819:
1810:
The United Kingdom experienced one of its hottest summers on record.
1716:
1628:
861:
155:
97:
42:
3180:
1909:– 75% (unknown if affected by heatwave or an early freeze that year)
5326:
5230:
2291:
1936:
1834:
1814:
1811:
1466:
641:
531:
476:
101:
1191:
5394:
5235:
4827:
4252:
2078:"Europe just had its warmest summer on record, EU scientists say"
1948:
1912:
1906:
1775:
1722:
1620:
751:
366:
226:
159:
2977:"Great weather events: Temperatures records fall in summer 2003"
2904:"Hitzebedingte Mortalität in Deutschland zwischen 1992 und 2021"
2569:
KNMI, Klimatologie; Job Verkaik; Jon Nellestijn; Rob Sluijter.
1932:
1759:
1739:
1698:
1692:
1301:
1081:
421:
205:
151:
150:
saw the hottest summer recorded in Europe since at least 1540.
52:
3303:
2710:"Agencia Estatal de Meteorología – AEMET. Gobierno de España"
1928:
1890:
1663:
1521:
1246:
696:
303:
Below are statistics for the month of August 2003 in France.
217:
201:
267:, which affected the amount of time doctors could work, and
158:
led to health crises in several countries and combined with
3201:
2746:
Ministero della Salute, L'ondata di calore dell'estate 2003
2016:"Factors Contributing to the Summer 2003 European Heatwave"
1823:
1779:
1755:
1136:
916:
806:
163:
1624:
wind contributed to the spread of extensive forest-fires.
1881:
Crops in Southern Europe suffered the most from drought.
170:. The death toll has been estimated at more than 70,000.
4358:
2853:"Das Niedrigwasser des Rheins im Sommer und Herbst 2003"
2225:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/france/
2098:
2779:
Osservatorio delle Acque (Water Monitoring) Annual data
2519:
2517:
2433:
3145:"Met Éireann – Monthly Weather Bulletin (August 2003)"
2715:(in Spanish). Inm.es. 27 February 2010. Archived from
2411:(in Portuguese). Portugaldiario.iol.pt. Archived from
3113:"Met Éireann – Monthly Weather Bulletin (July 2003)"
3081:"Met Éireann – Monthly Weather Bulletin (June 2003)"
2514:
2023:
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, UK
2524:Garssen, J.; Harmsen, C.; Beer, J. De (July 2005).
2960:
2809:"Caldo record, in arrivo altri blackout elettrici"
2523:
2195:
2193:
2191:
1893:harvest occurred as a result of the long drought.
2699:. 13 August 2003. Last Retrieved 9 February 2007.
2634:. 13 August 2003. Last Retrieved 9 February 2007.
2478:
1927:The heatwave greatly accelerated the ripening of
272:locating those which were needing of assistance.
5405:
1655:About 1,500 heat-related deaths occurred in the
2188:
1943:, possibly resulting in 12.0°–12.5° wines (see
2979:. Met Office. 19 November 2008. Archived from
2681:. August 2003. Last Retrieved 9 February 2007.
2571:"KNMI – Daggegevens van het weer in Nederland"
96:47.3 °C (117.1 °F), recorded at
4344:
4013:
3999:
3319:
2594:
2592:
2288:"A Paris, les morts délaissés de la canicule"
353:
1754:In Germany, shipping could not navigate the
2642:
2640:
4351:
4337:
4006:
3992:
3326:
3312:
2945:
2943:
2734:
2589:
2239:"Historical stats for Auxerre August 2003"
225:40 °C (104 °F) were recorded in
27:
3283:
3219:
2541:
2508:"Luxembourg scorches on hottest day ever"
2461:
3029:"Who, what, why: When does tarmac melt?"
2807:Sera, RCS Corriere della (6 July 2009).
2748:. Ministero della Salute. Archived from
2637:
1983:
1797:
211:
195:
3179:. Oenologuesdefrance.fr. Archived from
2940:
5406:
2772:"Table I – Daily temperature readings"
2650:(in Spanish). Aemet.es. Archived from
1876:
4332:
3987:
3307:
3056:"Rails buckle and roads melt in heat"
2835:"Italy puts 2003 heat toll at 20,000"
2742:"L'ondata di calore dell'estate 2003"
2147:UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
1841:in the Scottish borders on 9 August.
5499:2003 disasters in the United Kingdom
3053:
2806:
2441:International Journal of Climatology
2285:
2959:. 23 September 2015. Archived from
13:
2577:from the original on 8 August 2009
2550:from the original on 13 March 2010
2261:"France buries its unclaimed dead"
1979:
1939:had already reached their optimal
1682:Record temperatures were felt in:
14:
5515:
5474:Weather events in the Netherlands
1958:
1793:
5479:Heat waves in the United Kingdom
4069:
3177:"Union des oenologues de France"
3003:"Deaths up by 2,000 in heatwave"
2326:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00694.x
2286:Wolf, Laurent (26 August 2003).
1818:38.5 °C (101.3 °F) at
3235:
3195:
3169:
3137:
3105:
3073:
3047:
3021:
2995:
2969:
2951:"100 °F: Britain's hottest day"
2922:
2895:
2870:
2845:
2827:
2800:
2764:
2702:
2684:
2666:
2620:
2562:
2500:
2427:
2401:
2365:
2339:
2314:
2298:
2279:
2253:
2201:"European summer heatwave 2003"
4389:United Kingdom weather records
3896:Australian flying fox die-offs
3333:
2231:
2217:
2167:Earth Policy Institute article
2160:
2139:
2092:
2070:
2044:
2007:
1769:
1707:, 38.6 °C (101.5 °F)
1701:, 38.8 °C (101.8 °F)
1689:, 45.1 °C (113.2 °F)
1650:
1:
5469:Weather events in Switzerland
4384:Drought in the United Kingdom
4372:Climate of the United Kingdom
3958:Heat waves and climate change
3214:(2). Ocean-sci.net: 273–289.
3054:Pook, Sally (7 August 2003).
2000:
1634:
1595:green and blue infrastructure
180:
154:was hit especially hard. The
5494:August 2003 events in Europe
4795:North Sea and Irish Sea 2013
2691:History for Barcelona, Spain
7:
2080:. Reuters. 7 September 2021
1612:
10:
5520:
5489:July 2003 events in Europe
5459:Weather events in Portugal
4813:Widecombe-in-the-Moor 1638
4640:Holmfirth 1738, 1777, 1944
3911:2012–2013 ("Angry Summer")
3268:10.1038/s41467-021-26050-z
2930:"MeteoSwiss – Switzerland"
2543:10.2807/esm.10.07.00557-en
2117:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.12.001
1859:
1749:
1695:, 41 °C (106 °F)
1591:insulation in construction
189:
5449:Weather events in Germany
5391:
5370:
5325:
5226:
5170:
4874:
4826:
4803:
4750:
4620:
4567:
4508:
4420:
4412:Buachaille Etive Mòr 2009
4397:
4367:
4285:
4269:
4251:
4233:
4165:
4117:
4078:
4067:
4031:
4022:
3945:
3919:
3888:
3793:
3762:
3726:
3719:
3604:
3566:
3535:
3528:
3520:List of Indian heat waves
3463:2022 (India and Pakistan)
3453:2019 (India and Pakistan)
3395:
3379:
3341:
2627:History for Girona, Spain
2333:18 September 2013 at the
1922:
1719:, 36 °C (97 °F)
1713:, 36 °C (97 °F)
350:Mean >30 °C days
347:High >30 °C days
344:High >35 °C days
338:2–13 Aug'03 high °C
185:
113:
108:
90:
75:
58:
48:
38:
26:
16:Major heat wave in Europe
5504:2003 disasters in Europe
5444:Weather events in France
2223:CIA-The World Factbook,
2177:Data for more countries:
2105:Comptes Rendus Biologies
1884:
1729:
1673:
361:Low >20 °C days
358:Low >25 °C days
341:2–13 Aug'03 low °C
5464:Weather events in Spain
5454:Weather events in Italy
4707:Somerset Levels 2013–14
4645:North East England 1771
2673:History for Vigo, Spain
192:Météo-France heat alert
148:2003 European heat wave
22:2003 European heat wave
5424:2003 natural disasters
4685:November–December 2009
4359:Weather events in the
4099:November–December 2009
2608:. Madrid. 29 June 2004
1995:Gross Domestic Product
1989:
1852:melted on part of the
1807:
221:
209:
204:river almost dry near
166:shortfall in parts of
132:United Kingdom: ~2,000
3662:2021 (UK and Ireland)
3448:2018 (Northeast Asia)
3248:Nature Communications
3221:10.5194/os-3-273-2007
2488:(in French). MeteoLux
2209:. n.d. Archived from
2172:11 March 2009 at the
1987:
1828:heatwave in July 2019
1801:
215:
199:
190:Further information:
123:France: 14,802-19,000
5434:Heat waves in Europe
4727:Yorkshire Dales 2019
4630:Bristol Channel 1607
4607:Yorkshire Dales 2019
2908:Deutsches Ärzteblatt
2722:on 29 September 2007
1903:United Kingdom – 12%
1889:These shortfalls in
1804:Haweswater Reservoir
1587:reflective materials
323:Aug'03 mean °C
320:Aug'03 high °C
281:Jean-François Mattei
269:family practitioners
261:Jean-Pierre Raffarin
4500:February–March 2018
4061:February–March 2018
3906:2008–2009 (SE Aus.)
3260:2021NatCo..12.5807G
2813:Corriere della Sera
2696:Weather Underground
2678:Weather Underground
2631:Weather Underground
2454:2006IJCli..26.1741T
2353:. 2022. p. 137
2213:on 23 October 2008.
2182:8 July 2009 at the
1877:Agricultural impact
1802:Low water level in
326:Aug'03 low °C
307:
259:and Prime Minister
138:Netherlands: ~1,500
23:
5429:Droughts in Europe
4841:Great Malvern 1761
4760:South England 1287
4665:South England 1968
4025:Climate of Ireland
4014:Weather events in
3801:2000 (Southern US)
3125:on 7 November 2011
3093:on 7 November 2011
2839:The New York Times
2415:on 12 January 2008
2267:. 3 September 2003
2058:on 18 October 2015
2032:on 13 October 2005
1990:
1808:
1607:evapotranspiration
354:Mean >22°C days
306:
222:
210:
21:
5401:
5400:
5350:April–August 2022
5340:February–May 2019
5171:Windstorm seasons
4326:
4325:
4286:Windstorm seasons
3981:
3980:
3884:
3883:
3851:2020-2023 drought
3780:1988–1990 drought
3775:1983-1985 drought
3715:
3714:
2956:Independent.co.uk
2448:(13): 1741–1757.
2409:"Portugal Diário"
1969:Mediterranean Sea
1931:; also, the heat
1744:rolling blackouts
1575:
1574:
332:Max mean °C
329:Max temp °C
314:Avg high °C
216:A public sign in
144:
143:
5511:
5439:2000s heat waves
5419:2003 meteorology
5383:Great Stink 1858
5122:September 2020 (
4997:September 2011 (
4935:September 1961 (
4353:
4346:
4339:
4330:
4329:
4090:(Western Europe)
4073:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3985:
3984:
3968:List of droughts
3927:2009 (Argentina)
3871:2023 (Caribbean)
3724:
3723:
3533:
3532:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3287:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3156:
3150:. Archived from
3149:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3118:. Archived from
3117:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3092:
3086:. Archived from
3085:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3009:. 3 October 2003
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2947:
2938:
2937:
2932:. Archived from
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2788:on 14 March 2012
2787:
2776:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2714:
2706:
2700:
2688:
2682:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2654:on 17 March 2010
2644:
2635:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2596:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2545:
2530:Eurosurveillance
2521:
2512:
2511:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2463:10.1002/joc.1333
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2343:
2337:
2318:
2312:
2311:, 24 August 2003
2304:Crumley, Bruce.
2302:
2296:
2295:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2235:
2229:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2197:
2186:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2054:. Archived from
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2031:
2025:. Archived from
2020:
2011:
1945:alcoholic degree
1806:, September 2003
1589:, and mandatory
587:Boulogne-sur-Mer
355:
335:Max low °C
317:Avg low °C
308:
305:
294:French Red Cross
265:35-hour workweek
235:air conditioning
104:on 1 August 2003
93:
92:Peak temp.
86:
84:
79:August 2003
71:
69:
61:
31:
24:
20:
5519:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5387:
5378:Great Smog 1952
5366:
5355:Wennington 2022
5321:
5240:
5222:
5166:
5158:November 2023 (
5140:February 2022 (
5131:December 2021 (
5113:February 2020 (
5104:February 2020 (
5068:December 2015 (
5059:December 2015 (
5050:November 2015 (
4879:
4870:
4856:Birmingham 2005
4822:
4799:
4746:
4690:Workington 2009
4650:Strathspey 1829
4616:
4587:Chew Stoke 1968
4563:
4504:
4416:
4393:
4363:
4357:
4327:
4322:
4281:
4265:
4247:
4229:
4161:
4113:
4074:
4065:
4027:
4018:
4012:
3982:
3977:
3973:Marine heatwave
3941:
3915:
3880:
3789:
3758:
3711:
3600:
3562:
3524:
3443:2017 (Pakistan)
3391:
3375:
3337:
3332:
3302:
3301:
3240:
3236:
3226:
3224:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3183:on 9 April 2010
3175:
3174:
3170:
3160:
3158:
3157:on 3 April 2012
3154:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3064:
3062:
3052:
3048:
3038:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2900:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2841:. 28 June 2005.
2833:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2752:on 20 July 2011
2740:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2689:
2685:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2522:
2515:
2510:. 26 July 2019.
2506:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2388:
2386:
2385:on 24 June 2009
2382:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2354:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2335:Wayback Machine
2319:
2315:
2303:
2299:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2218:
2199:
2198:
2189:
2184:Wayback Machine
2174:Wayback Machine
2165:
2161:
2153:
2144:
2140:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2018:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1982:
1980:Economic impact
1961:
1925:
1887:
1879:
1862:
1796:
1772:
1752:
1732:
1676:
1653:
1637:
1615:
286:Patrick Pelloux
194:
188:
183:
168:Southern Europe
135:Portugal: 1,953
129:Germany: ~9,500
91:
82:
80:
67:
65:
59:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5517:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5414:2003 in Europe
5399:
5398:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5331:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5155:
5149:October 2023 (
5146:
5137:
5128:
5119:
5110:
5101:
5095:October 2019 (
5092:
5086:January 2018 (
5083:
5077:October 2017 (
5074:
5065:
5056:
5047:
5041:October 2014 (
5038:
5033:
5028:
5026:Christmas 2013
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4978:October 1996 (
4975:
4970:
4965:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4886:
4884:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4809:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4790:North Sea 2007
4787:
4785:North Sea 1978
4782:
4780:North Sea 1976
4777:
4775:North Sea 1953
4772:
4767:
4765:North Sea 1287
4762:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4722:Winter 2019–20
4719:
4714:
4712:Winter 2015–16
4709:
4704:
4702:Winter 2013–14
4699:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4597:Boscastle 2004
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4552:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4426:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4377:climate change
4368:
4365:
4364:
4361:United Kingdom
4356:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4333:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4278:September 1985
4275:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4243:Irish Sea 2013
4239:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4215:Christmas 2013
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4084:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4056:Winter 2010–11
4053:
4051:Winter 2009–10
4048:
4043:
4041:Winter 1990–91
4037:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4011:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3988:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3953:Cooling center
3949:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3785:1995 (Chicago)
3782:
3777:
3772:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3730:
3728:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3584:UK and Ireland
3576:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3513:Southeast Asia
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3308:
3300:
3299:
3234:
3194:
3168:
3136:
3104:
3072:
3046:
3035:. 15 July 2013
3020:
2994:
2983:on 16 May 2007
2968:
2965:on 1 May 2022.
2939:
2936:on 3 May 2008.
2921:
2894:
2869:
2857:undine.bafg.de
2844:
2826:
2799:
2763:
2733:
2701:
2683:
2665:
2636:
2619:
2588:
2561:
2526:"View Article"
2513:
2499:
2477:
2426:
2400:
2364:
2338:
2313:
2306:Elder Careless
2297:
2278:
2252:
2241:. Météo Climat
2230:
2216:
2187:
2159:
2138:
2111:(2): 171–178.
2091:
2069:
2043:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1981:
1978:
1965:stratification
1960:
1959:Oceanic impact
1957:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1875:
1861:
1858:
1795:
1794:United Kingdom
1792:
1771:
1768:
1751:
1748:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1675:
1672:
1652:
1649:
1636:
1633:
1614:
1611:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
968:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
913:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
858:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
803:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
748:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
693:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
638:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
583:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
528:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
473:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
418:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
363:
362:
359:
356:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
257:Jacques Chirac
187:
184:
182:
179:
142:
141:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:Italy: ~20,000
115:
111:
110:
106:
105:
94:
88:
87:
77:
73:
72:
64:July 2003
62:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
40:
36:
35:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5516:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5484:2003 droughts
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5396:
5390:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5163:
5161:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5039:
5037:
5036:February 2014
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5021:December 2013
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5006:December 2011
5004:
5002:
5000:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4987:December 1998
4985:
4983:
4981:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4959:August 1986 (
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4944:February 1962
4942:
4940:
4938:
4933:
4931:
4930:February 1903
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4920:December 1879
4918:
4916:
4915:February 1871
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4895:November 1824
4893:
4891:
4890:December 1703
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4877:
4873:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4851:November 1981
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4805:Thunderstorms
4802:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4582:Lynmouth 1952
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4558:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4536:February 2009
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4490:February 2012
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4354:
4349:
4347:
4342:
4340:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4271:Thunderstorms
4268:
4262:
4261:December 2011
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4225:February 2014
4223:
4221:
4220:New Year 2014
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4210:December 2013
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4200:December 2011
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4190:December 1998
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4180:February 1903
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4046:February 2009
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4021:
4017:
4009:
4004:
4002:
3997:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:South America
3918:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3901:2000s drought
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3749:1934 and 1935
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3720:North America
3718:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3637:2014 (Sweden)
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3208:Ocean Science
3205:
3198:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3153:
3146:
3140:
3121:
3114:
3108:
3089:
3082:
3076:
3061:
3060:The Telegraph
3057:
3050:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2767:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2718:
2711:
2705:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2503:
2487:
2481:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2430:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2397:
2381:
2374:
2368:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2310:
2309:Time Magazine
2307:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2079:
2073:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2006:
1998:
1996:
1986:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1941:sugar content
1938:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1882:
1874:
1873:on 8 August.
1872:
1868:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1805:
1800:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1705:San Sebastián
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1599:city planning
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1583:alert systems
1580:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1357:Saint-Étienne
1355:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
360:
357:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
309:
304:
301:
297:
295:
289:
287:
282:
278:
273:
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:
250:
246:
242:
238:
236:
232:
228:
219:
214:
207:
203:
198:
193:
178:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
137:
134:
131:
128:
126:Spain: 12,963
125:
122:
119:
118:
116:
112:
107:
103:
99:
95:
89:
78:
74:
63:
57:
54:
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
30:
25:
19:
5362:Cannich 2023
5345:Wareham 2020
5159:
5150:
5141:
5132:
5123:
5114:
5105:
5096:
5087:
5078:
5069:
5060:
5051:
5042:
5031:January 2014
5016:October 2013
5011:January 2012
4998:
4992:January 2007
4979:
4973:January 1990
4968:October 1987
4960:
4954:January 1976
4949:January 1968
4936:
4925:October 1881
4910:October 1859
4900:January 1839
4866:October 2022
4846:October 1913
4752:Storm surges
4602:Morpeth 2008
4592:Glasgow 2002
4569:Flash floods
4556:
4555:March 2023 (
4547:
4546:March 2018 (
4531:January 1995
4516:January 1881
4475:October 2008
4235:Storm Surges
4205:January 2012
4195:January 2007
4185:January 1976
4175:January 1839
3963:Hyperthermia
3794:2000–present
3611:
3605:2000–present
3508:Saudi Arabia
3468:2022 (Japan)
3458:2022 (China)
3438:2016 (India)
3403:2002 (India)
3251:
3247:
3237:
3225:. Retrieved
3211:
3207:
3197:
3185:. Retrieved
3181:the original
3171:
3159:. Retrieved
3152:the original
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3120:the original
3107:
3095:. Retrieved
3088:the original
3075:
3063:. Retrieved
3059:
3049:
3037:. Retrieved
3032:
3023:
3011:. Retrieved
3006:
2997:
2985:. Retrieved
2981:the original
2971:
2962:the original
2954:
2934:the original
2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2907:
2897:
2885:. Retrieved
2881:
2872:
2860:. Retrieved
2856:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2817:. Retrieved
2815:(in Italian)
2812:
2802:
2790:. Retrieved
2783:the original
2778:
2766:
2754:. Retrieved
2750:the original
2745:
2736:
2724:. Retrieved
2717:the original
2704:
2694:
2686:
2676:
2668:
2656:. Retrieved
2652:the original
2629:
2622:
2610:. Retrieved
2603:
2579:. Retrieved
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2536:(7): 13–14.
2533:
2529:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2480:
2445:
2439:
2429:
2417:. Retrieved
2413:the original
2403:
2394:
2387:. Retrieved
2380:the original
2367:
2355:. Retrieved
2351:www.wipo.int
2350:
2341:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2264:
2255:
2243:. Retrieved
2233:
2219:
2211:the original
2204:
2162:
2141:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2056:the original
2046:
2034:. Retrieved
2027:the original
2022:
2009:
1991:
1962:
1953:
1926:
1918:
1897:France – 20%
1888:
1880:
1863:
1847:
1843:
1832:
1809:
1773:
1764:
1753:
1733:
1681:
1677:
1661:
1654:
1638:
1626:
1619:
1616:
1603:green spaces
1576:
302:
298:
290:
274:
251:
247:
243:
239:
223:
175:seasonal lag
172:
162:to create a
147:
145:
18:
5335:Summer 2018
4905:August 1848
4861:London 2006
4836:London 1091
4770:Thames 1928
4732:Summer 2022
4680:August 2008
4675:Summer 2007
4670:Autumn 2000
4660:Thames 1947
4655:Thames 1928
4612:London 2021
4509:Snow events
4495:Spring 2013
4094:August 2008
3856:2021 (West)
3806:2001 (East)
3744:1911 (East)
3739:1901 (East)
3734:1896 (East)
3727:Before 1950
3536:Before 1950
3254:(1): 5807.
2910:(in German)
2245:16 February
1900:Italy – 13%
1871:County Mayo
1770:Switzerland
1736:Catenanuova
1657:Netherlands
1651:Netherlands
1579:urban areas
972:Montpellier
231:rehydration
5408:Categories
4882:hurricanes
4876:Windstorms
4635:Trent 1683
4577:Louth 1920
4541:March 2013
4526:April 1981
4521:March 1891
4422:Cold snaps
4407:Lewes 1836
4399:Avalanches
4167:Windstorms
4119:Heat waves
3695:Heat waves
3380:Antarctica
3335:Heat waves
3161:13 October
3129:13 October
3097:13 October
3013:3 December
2882:www.dwd.de
2357:5 December
2206:Met Office
2036:11 January
2001:References
1933:dehydrated
1788:Graubünden
1711:Pontevedra
1645:Luxembourg
1635:Luxembourg
1412:Strasbourg
277:opposition
181:By country
60:Start date
5393:Disputed
5327:Wildfires
5231:Heatwaves
4828:Tornadoes
4818:July 1968
4717:June 2016
4253:Tornadoes
4152:July 2019
4147:June 2019
4033:Coldwaves
3770:1980 (US)
3763:1950–1999
3632:2013 (UK)
3596:1995 (UK)
3591:1990 (UK)
3574:1955 (UK)
3567:1950–1999
3558:1911 (UK)
3553:1906 (UK)
3548:July 1757
3418:2013 haze
3276:2041-1723
2472:128435348
2396:esperado.
2125:1631-0691
2101:"Solongo"
2084:4 October
1937:vineyards
1867:Belderrig
1839:Greycrook
1820:Faversham
1717:Barcelona
1629:Amareleja
862:Marseille
311:Location
292:with the
284:Dr.
254:President
156:heat wave
98:Amareleja
43:Heat wave
5236:Droughts
3700:Cerberus
3503:Pakistan
3483:Pakistan
3431:Pakistan
3294:34608159
3227:15 March
3187:15 March
3065:9 August
3039:9 August
3007:BBC News
2987:15 March
2792:23 April
2756:23 April
2726:15 March
2658:15 March
2612:2 August
2581:6 August
2575:Archived
2554:15 March
2548:Archived
2419:15 March
2331:Archived
2292:Le Temps
2265:BBC News
2180:Archived
2170:Archived
2149:(2020).
2133:18241810
1835:Scotland
1815:cyclones
1812:Atlantic
1776:glaciers
1774:Melting
1613:Portugal
1467:Toulouse
642:Grenoble
532:Bordeaux
477:Biarritz
102:Portugal
76:End date
5395:tsunami
5218:2023–24
5213:2022–23
5208:2021–22
5203:2020–21
5198:2019–20
5193:2018–19
5188:2017–18
5183:2016–17
5178:2015–16
5097:Lorenzo
5088:Eleanor
5079:Ophelia
5061:Desmond
5052:Abigail
5043:Gonzalo
4961:Charley
4880:former
4697:2012–13
4485:2010–11
4480:2009–10
4470:1990–91
4460:1985–86
4455:1981–82
4450:1962–63
4445:1946–47
4440:1894–95
4430:1683–84
4318:2020–21
4313:2019–20
4308:2018–19
4303:2017–18
4298:2016–17
4293:2015–16
4109:2015–16
4016:Ireland
3946:Related
3889:Oceania
3690:Drought
3680:Drought
3285:8490455
3256:Bibcode
2914:16 July
2887:16 July
2862:16 July
2819:19 June
2605:El País
2492:23 July
2450:Bibcode
2271:11 July
2062:11 June
1974:pelagic
1967:in the
1949:harvest
1913:Moldova
1907:Ukraine
1860:Ireland
1778:in the
1750:Germany
1723:Sevilla
1668:Limburg
1621:sirocco
752:Lorient
367:Auxerre
227:Auxerre
160:drought
117:72,000
83:2003-08
81: (
68:2003-07
66: (
5160:Ciarán
5142:Eunice
5115:Dennis
4937:Debbie
4622:Floods
4557:Larisa
4080:Floods
3839:Summer
3670:Europe
3650:Europe
3529:Europe
3292:
3282:
3274:
2470:
2389:6 July
2131:
2123:
1929:grapes
1923:Grapes
1850:tarmac
1760:Danube
1740:Sicily
1699:Burgos
1693:Girona
1641:Findel
1302:Rennes
1082:Nantes
422:Bastia
206:Nevers
186:France
152:France
114:Deaths
109:Losses
53:Europe
5371:Other
5151:Babet
5133:Barra
5106:Ciara
4999:Katia
3834:March
3830:2012
3686:2023
3666:2022
3641:2018
3498:Japan
3493:India
3489:2024
3478:China
3426:India
3422:2015
3155:(PDF)
3148:(PDF)
3123:(PDF)
3116:(PDF)
3091:(PDF)
3084:(PDF)
2786:(PDF)
2775:(PDF)
2720:(PDF)
2713:(PDF)
2468:S2CID
2383:(PDF)
2376:(PDF)
2154:(PDF)
2030:(PDF)
2019:(PDF)
1915:– 80%
1891:wheat
1885:Wheat
1784:Grono
1738:, in
1730:Italy
1687:Jerez
1674:Spain
1666:, in
1664:Arcen
1553:21.2
1550:37.3
1547:22.6
1544:31.2
1541:39.8
1538:17.5
1535:24.5
1532:31.4
1529:13.7
1526:25.4
1522:Tours
1498:21.4
1495:38.8
1492:23.9
1489:31.8
1486:40.7
1483:20.0
1480:27.0
1477:34.0
1474:16.5
1471:27.9
1443:18.6
1440:36.6
1437:20.8
1434:29.2
1431:38.5
1428:16.8
1425:24.4
1422:31.9
1419:14.1
1416:25.4
1388:19.6
1385:37.0
1382:22.6
1379:30.0
1376:39.3
1373:17.8
1370:24.9
1367:32.0
1364:13.8
1361:26.3
1333:19.1
1330:34.3
1327:24.0
1324:31.8
1321:39.5
1318:16.8
1315:23.1
1312:29.8
1309:13.7
1306:24.3
1278:22.6
1275:36.8
1272:25.5
1269:32.5
1266:39.5
1263:18.8
1260:24.4
1257:29.9
1254:15.7
1251:25.0
1247:Paris
1223:21.2
1220:38.5
1217:24.3
1214:30.8
1211:40.5
1208:21.0
1205:28.5
1202:36.0
1199:18.4
1196:30.6
1192:Nîmes
1168:25.3
1165:32.4
1162:27.7
1159:31.4
1156:35.0
1153:23.7
1150:27.5
1147:31.2
1144:20.5
1141:27.7
1113:19.6
1110:35.0
1107:23.8
1104:31.3
1101:39.2
1098:17.2
1095:23.7
1092:30.1
1089:14.2
1086:25.0
1058:18.0
1055:37.2
1052:22.2
1049:29.1
1046:39.3
1043:16.1
1040:23.7
1037:31.3
1034:13.2
1031:24.7
1027:Nancy
1003:21.4
1000:33.3
997:24.6
994:29.6
991:36.1
988:21.4
985:26.8
982:32.2
979:18.5
976:28.9
948:19.1
945:37.4
942:22.3
939:30.4
936:39.5
933:16.5
930:23.8
927:31.0
924:13.6
921:24.8
893:22.9
890:35.8
887:26.6
884:31.2
881:37.7
878:22.4
875:28.2
872:34.0
869:18.7
866:28.7
838:21.5
835:38.4
832:23.2
829:31.2
826:40.5
823:20.0
820:26.8
817:33.6
814:16.0
811:27.2
783:18.4
780:33.0
777:21.0
774:29.3
771:37.5
768:15.6
765:21.8
762:28.0
759:13.4
756:22.6
728:18.3
725:32.2
722:20.8
719:28.2
716:36.6
713:15.5
710:21.1
707:26.6
704:13.8
701:23.3
697:Lille
673:17.7
670:37.6
667:20.2
664:29.2
661:39.5
658:16.5
655:24.8
652:33.1
649:14.0
646:26.4
618:19.2
615:27.7
612:24.1
609:29.5
606:34.8
603:16.8
600:20.0
597:23.3
594:14.9
591:20.5
563:21.4
560:38.0
557:23.5
554:31.5
551:40.7
548:19.4
545:25.8
542:32.1
539:15.7
536:27.1
508:21.3
505:31.6
502:23.5
499:31.0
496:40.6
493:19.8
490:24.0
487:28.2
484:17.0
481:24.7
453:23.4
450:33.9
447:25.0
444:30.8
441:37.9
438:23.1
435:28.2
432:33.2
429:19.4
426:29.3
398:21.1
395:39.3
392:23.3
389:32.0
386:41.1
383:17.5
380:25.0
377:32.5
374:14.1
371:25.8
218:Paris
202:Loire
49:Areas
5317:2022
5312:2021
5307:2019
5302:2018
5297:2013
5292:2006
5287:2003
5282:1995
5277:1990
5272:1976
5267:1955
5262:1911
5257:1906
5252:1808
5247:1757
5124:Alex
4980:Lili
4742:2024
4737:2023
4548:Emma
4465:1987
4435:1709
4157:2022
4142:2018
4137:2013
4132:2006
4127:2003
4104:2012
4088:2000
3937:2023
3932:2022
3876:2024
3866:2023
3861:2022
3846:2018
3826:2011
3821:2010
3816:2007
3811:2006
3754:1936
3707:2024
3657:2019
3627:2010
3622:2007
3617:2006
3612:2003
3579:1976
3543:1540
3473:2023
3413:2010
3408:2007
3396:Asia
3387:2024
3371:2023
3366:2022
3361:2021
3356:2020
3351:2018
3346:List
3290:PMID
3272:ISSN
3229:2010
3189:2010
3163:2011
3131:2011
3099:2011
3067:2018
3041:2018
3015:2011
2989:2010
2916:2023
2889:2023
2864:2023
2821:2022
2794:2011
2758:2011
2728:2010
2660:2010
2614:2016
2583:2009
2556:2010
2494:2019
2421:2010
2391:2009
2359:2022
2273:2019
2247:2017
2129:PMID
2121:ISSN
2086:2021
2064:2011
2038:2022
1848:The
1824:Kent
1780:Alps
1756:Elbe
1137:Nice
917:Metz
807:Lyon
275:The
200:The
164:crop
146:The
39:Type
5070:Eva
4878:and
3280:PMC
3264:doi
3216:doi
3033:BBC
2538:doi
2458:doi
2322:doi
2113:doi
2109:331
1865:at
1854:M25
1822:in
1758:or
1639:In
1597:in
1571:10
1565:21
1559:14
1556:11
1516:15
1510:29
1504:27
1501:15
1455:24
1449:18
1446:10
1400:25
1394:19
1391:11
1345:19
1339:13
1296:11
1290:17
1284:13
1241:22
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