1810:
4082:
224:
1753:, had a monthly mean of 31.5 °C (88.7 °F) in July 2003, with an absolute maximum of 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) on 17 July, with monthly mean maximum temperatures of 36.0 °C (96.8 °F), 38.9 °C (102.0 °F) and 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) in June, July, and August, respectively. On some days, the increase in power consumption, paired with a 800MW reduction of the electricity imported from France, itself coping with the heat wave, compelled the Italian power companies to set up
208:
1773:, as a result of low water levels. Low water levels at the Rhine led to a reduction of cargo capacity by 70% to 80%. The drought also led to a reduction in agricultural production. Coal Power Plants and Nuclear Power Plants had to reduce their electricity production because they could not discharge cooling water into the rivers because of their already high water temperature. Together with the limited output of hydroelectric power stations, this led to a rise in electricity prices.
40:
1996:
1681:, a temperature of 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) was reached, 0.8 °C below the national record (since 1904). A higher temperature had only been recorded twice before. On 8 August, a temperature of 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) was recorded, and 12 August had a temperature of 37.2 °C (99.0 °F).
1875:
The summer of 2003 was warmer than average in
Ireland, but the heat was far less pronounced there than in the rest of Europe. August was by far the warmest, sunniest, and driest month, with temperatures roughly 2 °C above average. The highest temperature recorded was 28.4 °C (83.1 °F)
310:
Moreover, the French episode of heat wave in 2003 shows how heat wave dangers result from the intricate association of natural and social factors. Although research established that heat waves represent a major threat for public health, France had no policy in place. Until the 2003 event, heat waves
255:
The high number of deaths can be explained by the conjunction of seemingly unrelated events. Most nights in France are cool, even in summer. As a consequence, houses (usually of stone, concrete, or brick construction) do not warm too much during the daytime and radiate minimal heat at night, and air
302:
Not everyone blamed the government. "The French family structure is more dislocated than elsewhere in Europe, and prevailing social attitudes hold that once older people are closed behind their apartment doors or in nursing homes, they are someone else's problem", said Stéphane
Mantion, an official
282:
vacationing in August. Many companies traditionally closed in August, so people had no choice about when to vacation. Family doctors were still in the habit of vacationing at the same time. It is not clear that more physicians would have helped, as the main limitation was not the health system, but
259:
Elderly people living by themselves had never faced such extreme heat before and did not know how to react or were too mentally or physically impaired by the heat to make the necessary adaptations themselves. Elderly people with family support or those residing in nursing homes were more likely to
251:
The catastrophe occurred in August, a month in which many people, including government ministers and physicians, are on holiday. Many bodies were not claimed for many weeks because relatives were on holiday. A refrigerated warehouse outside Paris was used by undertakers as they did not have enough
1828:
brought cool and wet weather for a short while at the end of July and beginning of August before the temperatures started to increase substantially on 3 August. Several weather records were broken in the United
Kingdom, including a new record for the country's highest ever recorded temperature of
260:
have others who could make the adjustments for them. This led to unexpected survival rates with the weakest group having fewer deaths than the more physically fit; most of the heat victims came from the group of elderly not requiring constant medical care; often childless women who lived alone.
1965:
The wines from 2003, although in scarce quantity, were predicted to have exceptional quality, especially in France. The heatwave made
Hungary fare extremely well in the Vinalies 2003 International wine contest: a total of nine gold and nine silver medals were awarded to Hungarian winemakers.
1855:
Due to a number of deaths, the UK government released its Heat Health Watch system, issuing warnings if temperatures rise above 30 °C in the day and 15 °C at night. According to the BBC, over 2,000 more people than usual may have died in the United
Kingdom during the 2003 heatwave.
1628:
In
Portugal, there were an estimated 1,953 excess deaths (data corrected, range 1,866 to 2,039); 43% higher than the expected number for that year. 1 August 2003 was the hottest day in centuries, with night temperatures well above 30 °C (86 °F). At dawn that same day, a freak storm
235:
In France, 14,802 heat-related deaths (mostly among the elderly) occurred during the heat wave, according to the French
National Institute of Health. France does not commonly have very hot summers, particularly in the northern areas, but eight consecutive days with temperatures of more than
1776:
Summer 2003 was with an average
Temperature of 19.6 °C the warmest in recorded History of Germany. On 9 August temperatures rose to 40.2 °C in Karlsruhe and again to 40.2 °C on 13 August in Karlsruhe and Freiburg. The number of heat related deaths was estimated to be 9500.
1982:
and on the surface currents, as well. A seasonal current of the central
Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ionian Stream (AIS), was affected by the warm temperatures, resulting in modifications in its path and intensity. The AIS is important for the reproduction biology of important
1689:
Initially, 141 deaths were attributed to the heat wave in Spain. A further research of INE estimated a 12,963 excess of deaths during summer of 2003. Temperature records were broken in various cities, with the heat wave being more felt in typically cooler northern Spain.
1670:, again largely the elderly. The heat wave broke no records, although four tropical weather-designated days in mid-July, preceding the official wave, are not counted due to a cool day in between and the nature of the Netherlands specification/definition of a heat wave.
1596:. Despite hotter summers since, the death toll has been significantly lowered. In addition to a major effort to issue warning messages in time, the plan includes measures such as cooling rooms at senior centers, replacing tarmac at playgrounds with more heat
299:, head of the union of emergency physicians, who blamed the Raffarin administration for ignoring warnings from health and emergency professionals and trying to minimize the crisis. Mattei lost his ministerial post in a cabinet reshuffle on 31 March 2004.
2406:
De acordo com o período de comparação que se considerou mais adequado (biénio 2000-2001), o número de óbitos esperado foi de 4499,3 e o excesso foi de 1953 óbitos (IC95:1866-2029). O número de óbitos observado foi, assim, 43% superior ao número
2008:(GDP). This is 2.5 times higher than the losses experienced during an average year over the historical period 1981–2010. Losses of over 1% of GDP were recorded in areas with high exposure to heat and showing a large share of outdoor work.
4081:
307:. "These thousands of elderly victims didn't die from a heat wave as such, but from the isolation and insufficient assistance they lived with day in and out, and which almost any crisis situation could render fatal."
294:
for failing to return from his vacation when the heat wave became serious, and his aides for blocking emergency measures in public hospitals (such as the recalling of physicians). A particularly vocal critic was
2003:
Extreme heat undermines the working capacity of individuals, resulting in lower productivity, and thus economic output. In 2003, economic losses attributed to excessive heat amounted to 0.5% of
European
1658:, the temperature reached 37.9 °C (100.2 °F) on 8 and 12 August, making it the country's highest temperature since records began in 1947. This temperature record was later broken in July 2019.
2161:
1612:. Since 2012, French construction standards for new buildings and, to a lesser extent for existing buildings, have included requirements regarding comfort during heatwaves. In Paris, adding parks and
2157:
1638:
Five percent of Portugal's countryside and 10% of the forests (215,000 hectares or an estimated 2,150 km (830 sq mi)), were destroyed, and 18 people died in the flames. In
1604:
regulation. This reflects a growing awareness of the benefit of an integrated response to risks like heatwaves, compared to stand-alone technologies and projects and greater attention paid to
1867:
between Junctions 26 and 27, and rails buckled from expansion on the hottest day in England in 13 years, while two teenaged boys drowned while trying to escape the excessive heat.
2341:
4361:
240:, Yonne in early August 2003. Because of the usually relatively mild summers, most people did not know how to react to very high temperatures (for instance, with respect to
1616:
has been another key solution to heatwaves. Urban greening is most effective when green spaces are watered during a heatwave. Doing so increases the cooling effect from
2940:
2211:
2720:
2331:
32. Poumadère, M., Mays, C., Le Mer, S. and Blong, R. (2005), The 2003 Heat Wave in France: Dangerous Climate Change Here and Now. Risk Analysis, 25: 1483–1494.
2026:
2496:
2752:
4717:
2987:
2961:
4016:
2445:
Trigo, Ricardo M.; Pereira, José M. C.; Pereira, Mário G.; Mota, Bernardo; Calado, Teresa J.; Dacamara, Carlos C.; Santo, Fátima E. (15 November 2006).
2419:
4495:
4490:
4470:
4354:
4066:
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248:. While contingency plans were made for a variety of natural and man-made catastrophes, high temperatures had rarely been considered a major hazard.
2658:
4056:
2062:
2110:
Robi, Jean-Marie; Cheung, Siu Lan K.; Le Roy, Sophie; Van Oyen, Herman; Griffiths, Clare; Michel, Jean-Pierre; Herrmann, François Richard (2008).
256:
conditioning is usually unnecessary. During the heat wave, temperatures remained at record highs even at night, breaking the usual cooling cycle.
2782:
2088:
5509:
4460:
4347:
2316:
2558:
4722:
4119:
2914:
5193:
5188:
4455:
4450:
4308:
4303:
2518:
2190:
5484:
4915:
1793:
caused avalanches and flash floods in Switzerland. A new nationwide record temperature of 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) was recorded in
5489:
4475:
2339:
4712:
4147:
2585:
3155:
3123:
3091:
1844:
This was the first occasion on which temperatures exceeding 38 °C (100 °F) had ever been officially recorded in the UK.
4480:
4051:
4009:
3642:
2888:
17:
263:
That shortcomings of the nation's health system could allow such a death toll is a controversy in France. The administration of
5479:
4876:
4828:
4551:
3937:
2383:
2180:
4422:
231:
that reads: "For information on Parisian victims of the heat wave, the city of Paris has established a toll-free number: ...".
5504:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
4707:
4695:
4505:
4485:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4114:
4109:
3916:
3811:
2706:
2688:
2641:
2111:
252:
space in their own facilities. On September 3, 2003, 57 bodies were still left unclaimed in the Paris area, and were buried.
188:
from the maritime influence of the Atlantic warm waters in combination with hot continental air and strong southerly winds.
4861:
4856:
4770:
4546:
4541:
4465:
4387:
3876:
3866:
3861:
3816:
3790:
3785:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3463:
3066:
2451:
44:
The difference in average temperature (2000, 2001, 2002 and 2004) from 2003, covering the date range of 20 July – 20 August
2845:
5499:
5469:
3844:
3831:
3637:
3423:
3336:
2944:
5317:
2221:
5459:
5360:
4536:
4271:
4002:
3759:
3253:
García-León, David; Casanueva, Ana; Standardi, Gabriele; Burgstall, Annkatrin; Flouris, Andreas D.; Nybo, Lars (2021).
2727:
1930:
Many other countries had shortfalls of 5–10%, and the EU total production was down by 10 million tonnes, or 10%.
290:, as well as many of the editorials of the French local press, blamed the administration. Many blamed Health Minister
5514:
5454:
4732:
4680:
4098:
3473:
2037:
1809:
5474:
5464:
2760:
2972:
2819:
5434:
2991:
5297:
2683:
5302:
4399:
3906:
3871:
3187:
2701:
2637:
5444:
5350:
5345:
5327:
4851:
4500:
4394:
4382:
3968:
3886:
3856:
3849:
3836:
3826:
3821:
3764:
3685:
3523:
3458:
2423:
1962:
was started much earlier than usual (e.g. in mid-August for areas that are normally harvested in September).
311:
were a strongly underestimated risk in the French context, which partly explains the high number of victims.
5287:
5277:
5272:
5262:
4762:
4510:
4245:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4071:
3947:
3942:
3780:
3601:
3584:
3568:
3366:
2063:"WMO: Unprecedented sequence of extreme weather events – News – Professional Resources – PreventionWeb.net"
1838:
1593:
202:
5439:
5322:
5312:
5307:
5292:
5282:
5267:
5041:
4737:
4640:
4617:
4230:
4142:
4137:
3672:
3655:
3606:
3594:
3563:
2662:
2066:
1592:. The following year, the country drew up the National Heat Wave Plan built on national forecasting and
4795:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4727:
4685:
4440:
1975:
1588:
The 2003 heatwave served as a wake-up call for many cities to take action on reducing climate risks in
4930:
3213:
Olita, A.; Sorgente, R.; Natale, S.; Gaberšek, S.; Ribotti, A.; Bonanno, A.; Patti, B. (24 May 2007).
2793:
2610:
5449:
5429:
3530:
3428:
3397:
1987:
commercial fish species, so the heatwave may have influenced indirectly the stocks of these species.
1642:, one of the hottest cities in Europe, temperatures reached as high as 47.3 °C (117.1 °F).
5355:
5105:
5087:
4997:
4969:
4597:
4526:
4200:
4167:
3911:
3881:
3667:
2863:
1745:
The summer of 2003 was among the warmest in the preceding three centuries. The weather station of
5424:
4945:
4866:
4800:
4785:
4690:
4104:
3717:
3710:
3705:
3680:
3660:
3513:
3493:
3453:
3441:
3329:
2536:
2298:
291:
5494:
5007:
4846:
4823:
4700:
4531:
3795:
3632:
3627:
3589:
2005:
223:
4632:
2384:"Onda de calor de Agosto de 2003: os seus efeitos sobre a mortalidade da população portuguesa"
2249:
184:
The predominant heat was recorded in July and August, partly a result of the western European
4988:
4910:
4185:
3700:
3690:
3647:
3553:
3503:
3448:
3436:
3413:
2187:
1678:
287:
5388:
4964:
4954:
4790:
4775:
4622:
4607:
4195:
3508:
3488:
3478:
3468:
3418:
3266:
2460:
2238:
2235:
1951:
1814:
1697:
1605:
271:
2912:
2389:(in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge. p. 16. Archived from
274:
laid the blame on families who had left their elderly behind without caring for them, the
8:
5365:
4983:
4978:
4959:
4920:
4905:
4900:
4871:
4675:
4655:
4602:
4587:
4445:
4026:
3483:
3214:
2497:"Forte chaleur au Luxembourg - Record de la température maximale pour le mois de juillet"
1974:
The anomalous overheating affecting the atmosphere also created anomalies on sea surface
1601:
279:
264:
3270:
2581:
2464:
2447:"Atmospheric conditions associated with the exceptional fire season of 2003 in Portugal"
2177:
1757:. Italy estimated that the number of heat wave related deaths was approximately 20,000.
5257:
4925:
4886:
4612:
4339:
4177:
4035:
3558:
3518:
3356:
3322:
3295:
3254:
3162:
3130:
3098:
2478:
1794:
1651:
1617:
4090:
244:). Most single-family homes and residential facilities were not equipped with central
5051:
4935:
4780:
4670:
4665:
4556:
3300:
3282:
2966:
2482:
2336:
2139:
2131:
1979:
1946:
the grapes, making for more concentrated juice. By mid-August, the grapes in certain
1613:
241:
2390:
5372:
5096:
5016:
4650:
4645:
4210:
3978:
3290:
3274:
3226:
2579:
2548:
2468:
2332:
2123:
1860:
1754:
1629:
developed in the southern region of the country. Over the next week, a hot, strong
597:
304:
275:
245:
1848:
broke its highest temperature record with 32.9 °C (91.2 °F) recorded in
1837:
on 10 August, which remained the highest recorded temperature in the UK until the
1715:
1367:
4417:
3983:
3381:
3376:
3371:
2357:
2345:
2194:
2184:
1955:
1597:
296:
178:
5168:
3013:
2889:"Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Leistungen - Der Rekordsommer 2003"
2659:"Valores extremos – Agencia Estatal de Meteorología – AEMET. Gobierno de España"
2271:
2024:
207:
5026:
5002:
4592:
4371:
4205:
3963:
3361:
3278:
2553:
2127:
1609:
267:
5418:
5069:
5060:
5031:
4940:
4805:
4253:
4220:
4190:
3286:
3039:
2135:
1736:, 53 °C (127 °F) (the 1995 record was 46.6 °C (115.9 °F))
1037:
3994:
1798:
5150:
5123:
5046:
5036:
5021:
4815:
4660:
4565:
4281:
4235:
4225:
4215:
3973:
3921:
3304:
2358:"Green Technology Book 2022 : Solutions for climate change adaptation"
2162:"The human cost of disasters: an overview of the last 20 years (2000-2019)"
2143:
1984:
1958:). Because of that, and also of the impending change to rainy weather, the
1864:
185:
3231:
2913:Ärzteblatt Deutscher Ärzteverlag GmbH, Redaktion Deutsches (1 July 2022).
2025:
Emily Black; Mike Blackburn; Giles Harrison; Brian Hoskins; John Methven.
5393:
5159:
5141:
5114:
4579:
2792:. Dipartimento dell'Acqua e dei Rifiuti. 2003. p. 45. Archived from
1999:
The regional-level cost of heatwaves (as a share of regional GDP) in 2003
1881:
1746:
1667:
982:
3255:"Current and projected regional economic impacts of heatwaves in Europe"
1673:
The highest temperature recorded this heatwave was on 7 August, when in
5132:
2611:"La ola de calor de 2003 coincidió con un incremento de 13.000 muertes"
2216:
1721:
1655:
1589:
1422:
39:
3252:
3215:"Effects of 2003 heatwave on the Sea Surface in Central Mediterranean"
2615:
1995:
5078:
4892:
4432:
4409:
4129:
4043:
3345:
2473:
2446:
2156:
1877:
1849:
1830:
1821:
The United Kingdom experienced one of its hottest summers on record.
1727:
1639:
872:
166:
108:
53:
3191:
1920:– 75% (unknown if affected by heatwave or an early freeze that year)
5337:
5241:
2302:
1947:
1845:
1825:
1822:
1477:
652:
542:
487:
112:
1202:
5405:
5246:
4838:
4263:
2089:"Europe just had its warmest summer on record, EU scientists say"
1959:
1923:
1917:
1786:
1733:
1631:
762:
377:
237:
170:
2988:"Great weather events: Temperatures records fall in summer 2003"
2915:"Hitzebedingte Mortalität in Deutschland zwischen 1992 und 2021"
2580:
KNMI, Klimatologie; Job Verkaik; Jon Nellestijn; Rob Sluijter.
1943:
1770:
1750:
1709:
1703:
1312:
1092:
432:
216:
162:
161:
saw the hottest summer recorded in Europe since at least 1540.
63:
3314:
2721:"Agencia Estatal de Meteorología – AEMET. Gobierno de España"
1939:
1901:
1674:
1532:
1257:
707:
314:
Below are statistics for the month of August 2003 in France.
228:
212:
278:, which affected the amount of time doctors could work, and
169:
led to health crises in several countries and combined with
3212:
2757:
Ministero della Salute, L'ondata di calore dell'estate 2003
2027:"Factors Contributing to the Summer 2003 European Heatwave"
1834:
1790:
1766:
1147:
927:
817:
174:
1635:
wind contributed to the spread of extensive forest-fires.
1892:
Crops in Southern Europe suffered the most from drought.
181:. The death toll has been estimated at more than 70,000.
4369:
2864:"Das Niedrigwasser des Rheins im Sommer und Herbst 2003"
2236:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/france/
2109:
2790:
Osservatorio delle Acque (Water Monitoring) Annual data
2530:
2528:
2444:
3156:"Met Éireann – Monthly Weather Bulletin (August 2003)"
2726:(in Spanish). Inm.es. 27 February 2010. Archived from
2422:(in Portuguese). Portugaldiario.iol.pt. Archived from
3124:"Met Éireann – Monthly Weather Bulletin (July 2003)"
3092:"Met Éireann – Monthly Weather Bulletin (June 2003)"
2525:
2034:
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, UK
2535:Garssen, J.; Harmsen, C.; Beer, J. De (July 2005).
2971:
2820:"Caldo record, in arrivo altri blackout elettrici"
2534:
2206:
2204:
2202:
1904:harvest occurred as a result of the long drought.
2710:. 13 August 2003. Last Retrieved 9 February 2007.
2645:. 13 August 2003. Last Retrieved 9 February 2007.
2489:
1938:The heatwave greatly accelerated the ripening of
283:locating those which were needing of assistance.
5416:
1666:About 1,500 heat-related deaths occurred in the
2199:
1954:, possibly resulting in 12.0°–12.5° wines (see
2990:. Met Office. 19 November 2008. Archived from
2692:. August 2003. Last Retrieved 9 February 2007.
2582:"KNMI – Daggegevens van het weer in Nederland"
107:47.3 °C (117.1 °F), recorded at
4355:
4024:
4010:
3330:
2605:
2603:
2299:"A Paris, les morts délaissés de la canicule"
364:
1765:In Germany, shipping could not navigate the
2653:
2651:
4362:
4348:
4017:
4003:
3337:
3323:
2956:
2954:
2745:
2600:
2250:"Historical stats for Auxerre August 2003"
236:40 °C (104 °F) were recorded in
38:
3294:
3230:
2552:
2519:"Luxembourg scorches on hottest day ever"
2472:
3040:"Who, what, why: When does tarmac melt?"
2818:Sera, RCS Corriere della (6 July 2009).
2759:. Ministero della Salute. Archived from
2648:
1994:
1808:
222:
206:
3190:. Oenologuesdefrance.fr. Archived from
2951:
14:
5417:
2783:"Table I – Daily temperature readings"
2661:(in Spanish). Aemet.es. Archived from
1887:
4343:
3998:
3318:
3067:"Rails buckle and roads melt in heat"
2846:"Italy puts 2003 heat toll at 20,000"
2753:"L'ondata di calore dell'estate 2003"
2158:UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
1852:in the Scottish borders on 9 August.
5510:2003 disasters in the United Kingdom
3064:
2817:
2452:International Journal of Climatology
2296:
2970:. 23 September 2015. Archived from
24:
2588:from the original on 8 August 2009
2561:from the original on 13 March 2010
2272:"France buries its unclaimed dead"
1990:
1950:had already reached their optimal
1693:Record temperatures were felt in:
25:
5526:
5485:Weather events in the Netherlands
1969:
1804:
5490:Heat waves in the United Kingdom
4080:
3188:"Union des oenologues de France"
3014:"Deaths up by 2,000 in heatwave"
2337:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00694.x
2297:Wolf, Laurent (26 August 2003).
1829:38.5 °C (101.3 °F) at
3246:
3206:
3180:
3148:
3116:
3084:
3058:
3032:
3006:
2980:
2962:"100 °F: Britain's hottest day"
2933:
2906:
2881:
2856:
2838:
2811:
2775:
2713:
2695:
2677:
2631:
2573:
2511:
2438:
2412:
2376:
2350:
2325:
2309:
2290:
2264:
2212:"European summer heatwave 2003"
4400:United Kingdom weather records
3907:Australian flying fox die-offs
3344:
2242:
2228:
2178:Earth Policy Institute article
2171:
2150:
2103:
2081:
2055:
2018:
1780:
1718:, 38.6 °C (101.5 °F)
1712:, 38.8 °C (101.8 °F)
1700:, 45.1 °C (113.2 °F)
1661:
13:
1:
5480:Weather events in Switzerland
4395:Drought in the United Kingdom
4383:Climate of the United Kingdom
3969:Heat waves and climate change
3225:(2). Ocean-sci.net: 273–289.
3065:Pook, Sally (7 August 2003).
2011:
1645:
1606:green and blue infrastructure
191:
165:was hit especially hard. The
5505:August 2003 events in Europe
4806:North Sea and Irish Sea 2013
2702:History for Barcelona, Spain
7:
2091:. Reuters. 7 September 2021
1623:
10:
5531:
5500:July 2003 events in Europe
5470:Weather events in Portugal
4824:Widecombe-in-the-Moor 1638
4651:Holmfirth 1738, 1777, 1944
3922:2012–2013 ("Angry Summer")
3279:10.1038/s41467-021-26050-z
2941:"MeteoSwiss – Switzerland"
2554:10.2807/esm.10.07.00557-en
2128:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.12.001
1870:
1760:
1706:, 41 °C (106 °F)
1602:insulation in construction
200:
5460:Weather events in Germany
5402:
5381:
5336:
5237:
5181:
4885:
4837:
4814:
4761:
4631:
4578:
4519:
4431:
4423:Buachaille Etive Mòr 2009
4408:
4378:
4296:
4280:
4262:
4244:
4176:
4128:
4089:
4078:
4042:
4033:
3956:
3930:
3899:
3804:
3773:
3737:
3730:
3615:
3577:
3546:
3539:
3531:List of Indian heat waves
3474:2022 (India and Pakistan)
3464:2019 (India and Pakistan)
3406:
3390:
3352:
2638:History for Girona, Spain
2344:18 September 2013 at the
1933:
1730:, 36 °C (97 °F)
1724:, 36 °C (97 °F)
361:Mean >30 °C days
358:High >30 °C days
355:High >35 °C days
349:2–13 Aug'03 high °C
196:
124:
119:
101:
86:
69:
59:
49:
37:
27:Major heat wave in Europe
5515:2003 disasters in Europe
5455:Weather events in France
2234:CIA-The World Factbook,
2188:Data for more countries:
2116:Comptes Rendus Biologies
1895:
1740:
1684:
372:Low >20 °C days
369:Low >25 °C days
352:2–13 Aug'03 low °C
5475:Weather events in Spain
5465:Weather events in Italy
4718:Somerset Levels 2013–14
4656:North East England 1771
2684:History for Vigo, Spain
203:Météo-France heat alert
159:2003 European heat wave
33:2003 European heat wave
18:2003 European heat wave
5435:2003 natural disasters
4696:November–December 2009
4370:Weather events in the
4110:November–December 2009
2619:. Madrid. 29 June 2004
2006:Gross Domestic Product
2000:
1863:melted on part of the
1818:
232:
220:
215:river almost dry near
177:shortfall in parts of
143:United Kingdom: ~2,000
3673:2021 (UK and Ireland)
3459:2018 (Northeast Asia)
3259:Nature Communications
3232:10.5194/os-3-273-2007
2499:(in French). MeteoLux
2220:. n.d. Archived from
2183:11 March 2009 at the
1998:
1839:heatwave in July 2019
1812:
226:
210:
201:Further information:
134:France: 14,802-19,000
5445:Heat waves in Europe
4738:Yorkshire Dales 2019
4641:Bristol Channel 1607
4618:Yorkshire Dales 2019
2919:Deutsches Ärzteblatt
2733:on 29 September 2007
1914:United Kingdom – 12%
1900:These shortfalls in
1815:Haweswater Reservoir
1598:reflective materials
334:Aug'03 mean °C
331:Aug'03 high °C
292:Jean-François Mattei
280:family practitioners
272:Jean-Pierre Raffarin
4511:February–March 2018
4072:February–March 2018
3917:2008–2009 (SE Aus.)
3271:2021NatCo..12.5807G
2824:Corriere della Sera
2707:Weather Underground
2689:Weather Underground
2642:Weather Underground
2465:2006IJCli..26.1741T
2364:. 2022. p. 137
2224:on 23 October 2008.
2193:8 July 2009 at the
1888:Agricultural impact
1813:Low water level in
337:Aug'03 low °C
318:
270:and Prime Minister
149:Netherlands: ~1,500
34:
5440:Droughts in Europe
4852:Great Malvern 1761
4771:South England 1287
4676:South England 1968
4036:Climate of Ireland
4025:Weather events in
3812:2000 (Southern US)
3136:on 7 November 2011
3104:on 7 November 2011
2850:The New York Times
2426:on 12 January 2008
2278:. 3 September 2003
2069:on 18 October 2015
2043:on 13 October 2005
2001:
1819:
1618:evapotranspiration
365:Mean >22°C days
317:
233:
221:
32:
5412:
5411:
5361:April–August 2022
5351:February–May 2019
5182:Windstorm seasons
4337:
4336:
4297:Windstorm seasons
3992:
3991:
3895:
3894:
3862:2020-2023 drought
3791:1988–1990 drought
3786:1983-1985 drought
3726:
3725:
2967:Independent.co.uk
2459:(13): 1741–1757.
2420:"Portugal Diário"
1980:Mediterranean Sea
1942:; also, the heat
1755:rolling blackouts
1586:
1585:
343:Max mean °C
340:Max temp °C
325:Avg high °C
227:A public sign in
155:
154:
16:(Redirected from
5522:
5450:2000s heat waves
5430:2003 meteorology
5394:Great Stink 1858
5133:September 2020 (
5008:September 2011 (
4946:September 1961 (
4364:
4357:
4350:
4341:
4340:
4101:(Western Europe)
4084:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3996:
3995:
3979:List of droughts
3938:2009 (Argentina)
3882:2023 (Caribbean)
3735:
3734:
3544:
3543:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3298:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3234:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3167:
3161:. Archived from
3160:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3135:
3129:. Archived from
3128:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3097:. Archived from
3096:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3020:. 3 October 2003
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2943:. Archived from
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2799:on 14 March 2012
2798:
2787:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2725:
2717:
2711:
2699:
2693:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2665:on 17 March 2010
2655:
2646:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2556:
2541:Eurosurveillance
2532:
2523:
2522:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2476:
2474:10.1002/joc.1333
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2388:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2354:
2348:
2329:
2323:
2322:, 24 August 2003
2315:Crumley, Bruce.
2313:
2307:
2306:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2246:
2240:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2208:
2197:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2065:. Archived from
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2042:
2036:. Archived from
2031:
2022:
1956:alcoholic degree
1817:, September 2003
1600:, and mandatory
598:Boulogne-sur-Mer
366:
346:Max low °C
328:Avg low °C
319:
316:
305:French Red Cross
276:35-hour workweek
246:air conditioning
115:on 1 August 2003
104:
103:Peak temp.
97:
95:
90:August 2003
82:
80:
72:
42:
35:
31:
21:
5530:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5519:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5398:
5389:Great Smog 1952
5377:
5366:Wennington 2022
5332:
5251:
5233:
5177:
5169:November 2023 (
5151:February 2022 (
5142:December 2021 (
5124:February 2020 (
5115:February 2020 (
5079:December 2015 (
5070:December 2015 (
5061:November 2015 (
4890:
4881:
4867:Birmingham 2005
4833:
4810:
4757:
4701:Workington 2009
4661:Strathspey 1829
4627:
4598:Chew Stoke 1968
4574:
4515:
4427:
4404:
4374:
4368:
4338:
4333:
4292:
4276:
4258:
4240:
4172:
4124:
4085:
4076:
4038:
4029:
4023:
3993:
3988:
3984:Marine heatwave
3952:
3926:
3891:
3800:
3769:
3722:
3611:
3573:
3535:
3454:2017 (Pakistan)
3402:
3386:
3348:
3343:
3313:
3312:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3211:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3194:on 9 April 2010
3186:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3168:on 3 April 2012
3165:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3073:
3063:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2960:
2959:
2952:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2922:
2911:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2852:. 28 June 2005.
2844:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2763:on 20 July 2011
2751:
2750:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2700:
2696:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2533:
2526:
2521:. 26 July 2019.
2517:
2516:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2399:
2397:
2396:on 24 June 2009
2393:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2346:Wayback Machine
2330:
2326:
2314:
2310:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2229:
2210:
2209:
2200:
2195:Wayback Machine
2185:Wayback Machine
2176:
2172:
2164:
2155:
2151:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2014:
1993:
1991:Economic impact
1972:
1936:
1898:
1890:
1873:
1807:
1783:
1763:
1743:
1687:
1664:
1648:
1626:
297:Patrick Pelloux
205:
199:
194:
179:Southern Europe
146:Portugal: 1,953
140:Germany: ~9,500
102:
93:
91:
78:
76:
70:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5528:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5425:2003 in Europe
5410:
5409:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5185:
5183:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5166:
5160:October 2023 (
5157:
5148:
5139:
5130:
5121:
5112:
5106:October 2019 (
5103:
5097:January 2018 (
5094:
5088:October 2017 (
5085:
5076:
5067:
5058:
5052:October 2014 (
5049:
5044:
5039:
5037:Christmas 2013
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4989:October 1996 (
4986:
4981:
4976:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4843:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4820:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4801:North Sea 2007
4798:
4796:North Sea 1978
4793:
4791:North Sea 1976
4788:
4786:North Sea 1953
4783:
4778:
4776:North Sea 1287
4773:
4767:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4733:Winter 2019–20
4730:
4725:
4723:Winter 2015–16
4720:
4715:
4713:Winter 2013–14
4710:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4608:Boscastle 2004
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4563:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4437:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4388:climate change
4379:
4376:
4375:
4372:United Kingdom
4367:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4344:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4289:September 1985
4286:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4268:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4254:Irish Sea 2013
4250:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4226:Christmas 2013
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4095:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4067:Winter 2010–11
4064:
4062:Winter 2009–10
4059:
4054:
4052:Winter 1990–91
4048:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4022:
4021:
4014:
4007:
3999:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3964:Cooling center
3960:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3796:1995 (Chicago)
3793:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3595:UK and Ireland
3587:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3524:Southeast Asia
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3319:
3311:
3310:
3245:
3205:
3179:
3147:
3115:
3083:
3057:
3046:. 15 July 2013
3031:
3005:
2994:on 16 May 2007
2979:
2976:on 1 May 2022.
2950:
2947:on 3 May 2008.
2932:
2905:
2880:
2868:undine.bafg.de
2855:
2837:
2810:
2774:
2744:
2712:
2694:
2676:
2647:
2630:
2599:
2572:
2537:"View Article"
2524:
2510:
2488:
2437:
2411:
2375:
2349:
2324:
2317:Elder Careless
2308:
2289:
2263:
2252:. Météo Climat
2241:
2227:
2198:
2170:
2149:
2122:(2): 171–178.
2102:
2080:
2054:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2010:
1992:
1989:
1976:stratification
1971:
1970:Oceanic impact
1968:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1872:
1869:
1806:
1805:United Kingdom
1803:
1782:
1779:
1762:
1759:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1686:
1683:
1663:
1660:
1647:
1644:
1625:
1622:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
924:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
869:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
814:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
759:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
704:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
649:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
594:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
539:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
484:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
429:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
374:
373:
370:
367:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
268:Jacques Chirac
198:
195:
193:
190:
153:
152:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:Italy: ~20,000
126:
122:
121:
117:
116:
105:
99:
98:
88:
84:
83:
75:July 2003
73:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5527:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5495:2003 droughts
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5407:
5401:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5236:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5180:
5174:
5172:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5050:
5048:
5047:February 2014
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5032:December 2013
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5017:December 2011
5015:
5013:
5011:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4998:December 1998
4996:
4994:
4992:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4970:August 1986 (
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4955:February 1962
4953:
4951:
4949:
4944:
4942:
4941:February 1903
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4931:December 1879
4929:
4927:
4926:February 1871
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4906:November 1824
4904:
4902:
4901:December 1703
4899:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4862:November 1981
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4816:Thunderstorms
4813:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4593:Lynmouth 1952
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4547:February 2009
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4501:February 2012
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4365:
4360:
4358:
4353:
4351:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4282:Thunderstorms
4279:
4273:
4272:December 2011
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4236:February 2014
4234:
4232:
4231:New Year 2014
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4221:December 2013
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4211:December 2011
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4201:December 1998
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4191:February 1903
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4057:February 2009
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4028:
4020:
4015:
4013:
4008:
4006:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:South America
3929:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3912:2000s drought
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3760:1934 and 1935
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3731:North America
3729:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3648:2014 (Sweden)
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3335:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3219:Ocean Science
3216:
3209:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3164:
3157:
3151:
3132:
3125:
3119:
3100:
3093:
3087:
3072:
3071:The Telegraph
3068:
3061:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3019:
3015:
3009:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2778:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2729:
2722:
2716:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2531:
2529:
2520:
2514:
2498:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2408:
2392:
2385:
2379:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2321:
2320:Time Magazine
2318:
2312:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2090:
2084:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2007:
1997:
1988:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:sugar content
1949:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1893:
1885:
1884:on 8 August.
1883:
1879:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1716:San Sebastián
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1610:city planning
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1594:alert systems
1591:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1368:Saint-Étienne
1366:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
371:
368:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
320:
315:
312:
308:
306:
300:
298:
293:
289:
284:
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
247:
243:
239:
230:
225:
218:
214:
209:
204:
189:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
148:
145:
142:
139:
137:Spain: 12,963
136:
133:
130:
129:
127:
123:
118:
114:
110:
106:
100:
89:
85:
74:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
41:
36:
30:
19:
5373:Cannich 2023
5356:Wareham 2020
5170:
5161:
5152:
5143:
5134:
5125:
5116:
5107:
5098:
5089:
5080:
5071:
5062:
5053:
5042:January 2014
5027:October 2013
5022:January 2012
5009:
5003:January 2007
4990:
4984:January 1990
4979:October 1987
4971:
4965:January 1976
4960:January 1968
4947:
4936:October 1881
4921:October 1859
4911:January 1839
4877:October 2022
4857:October 1913
4763:Storm surges
4613:Morpeth 2008
4603:Glasgow 2002
4580:Flash floods
4567:
4566:March 2023 (
4558:
4557:March 2018 (
4542:January 1995
4527:January 1881
4486:October 2008
4246:Storm Surges
4216:January 2012
4206:January 2007
4196:January 1976
4186:January 1839
3974:Hyperthermia
3805:2000–present
3622:
3616:2000–present
3519:Saudi Arabia
3479:2022 (Japan)
3469:2022 (China)
3449:2016 (India)
3414:2002 (India)
3262:
3258:
3248:
3236:. Retrieved
3222:
3218:
3208:
3196:. Retrieved
3192:the original
3182:
3170:. Retrieved
3163:the original
3150:
3138:. Retrieved
3131:the original
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3099:the original
3086:
3074:. Retrieved
3070:
3060:
3048:. Retrieved
3043:
3034:
3022:. Retrieved
3017:
3008:
2996:. Retrieved
2992:the original
2982:
2973:the original
2965:
2945:the original
2935:
2923:. Retrieved
2918:
2908:
2896:. Retrieved
2892:
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
2867:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2828:. Retrieved
2826:(in Italian)
2823:
2813:
2801:. Retrieved
2794:the original
2789:
2777:
2765:. Retrieved
2761:the original
2756:
2747:
2735:. Retrieved
2728:the original
2715:
2705:
2697:
2687:
2679:
2667:. Retrieved
2663:the original
2640:
2633:
2621:. Retrieved
2614:
2590:. Retrieved
2575:
2563:. Retrieved
2547:(7): 13–14.
2544:
2540:
2513:
2501:. Retrieved
2491:
2456:
2450:
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2424:the original
2414:
2405:
2398:. Retrieved
2391:the original
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2362:www.wipo.int
2361:
2352:
2327:
2319:
2311:
2292:
2280:. Retrieved
2275:
2266:
2254:. Retrieved
2244:
2230:
2222:the original
2215:
2173:
2152:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:the original
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2038:the original
2033:
2020:
2002:
1973:
1964:
1937:
1929:
1908:France – 20%
1899:
1891:
1874:
1858:
1854:
1843:
1820:
1784:
1775:
1764:
1744:
1692:
1688:
1672:
1665:
1649:
1637:
1630:
1627:
1614:green spaces
1587:
313:
309:
301:
285:
262:
258:
254:
250:
234:
186:seasonal lag
183:
173:to create a
158:
156:
29:
5346:Summer 2018
4916:August 1848
4872:London 2006
4847:London 1091
4781:Thames 1928
4743:Summer 2022
4691:August 2008
4686:Summer 2007
4681:Autumn 2000
4671:Thames 1947
4666:Thames 1928
4623:London 2021
4520:Snow events
4506:Spring 2013
4105:August 2008
3867:2021 (West)
3817:2001 (East)
3755:1911 (East)
3750:1901 (East)
3745:1896 (East)
3738:Before 1950
3547:Before 1950
3265:(1): 5807.
2921:(in German)
2256:16 February
1911:Italy – 13%
1882:County Mayo
1781:Switzerland
1747:Catenanuova
1668:Netherlands
1662:Netherlands
1590:urban areas
983:Montpellier
242:rehydration
5419:Categories
4893:hurricanes
4887:Windstorms
4646:Trent 1683
4588:Louth 1920
4552:March 2013
4537:April 1981
4532:March 1891
4433:Cold snaps
4418:Lewes 1836
4410:Avalanches
4178:Windstorms
4130:Heat waves
3706:Heat waves
3391:Antarctica
3346:Heat waves
3172:13 October
3140:13 October
3108:13 October
3024:3 December
2893:www.dwd.de
2368:5 December
2217:Met Office
2047:11 January
2012:References
1944:dehydrated
1799:Graubünden
1722:Pontevedra
1656:Luxembourg
1646:Luxembourg
1423:Strasbourg
288:opposition
192:By country
71:Start date
5404:Disputed
5338:Wildfires
5242:Heatwaves
4839:Tornadoes
4829:July 1968
4728:June 2016
4264:Tornadoes
4163:July 2019
4158:June 2019
4044:Coldwaves
3781:1980 (US)
3774:1950–1999
3643:2013 (UK)
3607:1995 (UK)
3602:1990 (UK)
3585:1955 (UK)
3578:1950–1999
3569:1911 (UK)
3564:1906 (UK)
3559:July 1757
3429:2013 haze
3287:2041-1723
2483:128435348
2407:esperado.
2136:1631-0691
2112:"Solongo"
2095:4 October
1948:vineyards
1878:Belderrig
1850:Greycrook
1831:Faversham
1728:Barcelona
1640:Amareleja
873:Marseille
322:Location
303:with the
295:Dr.
265:President
167:heat wave
109:Amareleja
54:Heat wave
5247:Droughts
3711:Cerberus
3514:Pakistan
3494:Pakistan
3442:Pakistan
3305:34608159
3238:15 March
3198:15 March
3076:9 August
3050:9 August
3018:BBC News
2998:15 March
2803:23 April
2767:23 April
2737:15 March
2669:15 March
2623:2 August
2592:6 August
2586:Archived
2565:15 March
2559:Archived
2430:15 March
2342:Archived
2303:Le Temps
2276:BBC News
2191:Archived
2181:Archived
2160:(2020).
2144:18241810
1846:Scotland
1826:cyclones
1823:Atlantic
1787:glaciers
1785:Melting
1624:Portugal
1478:Toulouse
653:Grenoble
543:Bordeaux
488:Biarritz
113:Portugal
87:End date
5406:tsunami
5229:2023–24
5224:2022–23
5219:2021–22
5214:2020–21
5209:2019–20
5204:2018–19
5199:2017–18
5194:2016–17
5189:2015–16
5108:Lorenzo
5099:Eleanor
5090:Ophelia
5072:Desmond
5063:Abigail
5054:Gonzalo
4972:Charley
4891:former
4708:2012–13
4496:2010–11
4491:2009–10
4481:1990–91
4471:1985–86
4466:1981–82
4461:1962–63
4456:1946–47
4451:1894–95
4441:1683–84
4329:2020–21
4324:2019–20
4319:2018–19
4314:2017–18
4309:2016–17
4304:2015–16
4120:2015–16
4027:Ireland
3957:Related
3900:Oceania
3701:Drought
3691:Drought
3296:8490455
3267:Bibcode
2925:16 July
2898:16 July
2873:16 July
2830:19 June
2616:El País
2503:23 July
2461:Bibcode
2282:11 July
2073:11 June
1985:pelagic
1978:in the
1960:harvest
1924:Moldova
1918:Ukraine
1871:Ireland
1789:in the
1761:Germany
1734:Sevilla
1679:Limburg
1632:sirocco
763:Lorient
378:Auxerre
238:Auxerre
171:drought
128:72,000
94:2003-08
92: (
79:2003-07
77: (
5171:Ciarán
5153:Eunice
5126:Dennis
4948:Debbie
4633:Floods
4568:Larisa
4091:Floods
3850:Summer
3681:Europe
3661:Europe
3540:Europe
3303:
3293:
3285:
2481:
2400:6 July
2142:
2134:
1940:grapes
1934:Grapes
1861:tarmac
1771:Danube
1751:Sicily
1710:Burgos
1704:Girona
1652:Findel
1313:Rennes
1093:Nantes
433:Bastia
217:Nevers
197:France
163:France
125:Deaths
120:Losses
64:Europe
5382:Other
5162:Babet
5144:Barra
5117:Ciara
5010:Katia
3845:March
3841:2012
3697:2023
3677:2022
3652:2018
3509:Japan
3504:India
3500:2024
3489:China
3437:India
3433:2015
3166:(PDF)
3159:(PDF)
3134:(PDF)
3127:(PDF)
3102:(PDF)
3095:(PDF)
2797:(PDF)
2786:(PDF)
2731:(PDF)
2724:(PDF)
2479:S2CID
2394:(PDF)
2387:(PDF)
2165:(PDF)
2041:(PDF)
2030:(PDF)
1926:– 80%
1902:wheat
1896:Wheat
1795:Grono
1749:, in
1741:Italy
1698:Jerez
1685:Spain
1677:, in
1675:Arcen
1564:21.2
1561:37.3
1558:22.6
1555:31.2
1552:39.8
1549:17.5
1546:24.5
1543:31.4
1540:13.7
1537:25.4
1533:Tours
1509:21.4
1506:38.8
1503:23.9
1500:31.8
1497:40.7
1494:20.0
1491:27.0
1488:34.0
1485:16.5
1482:27.9
1454:18.6
1451:36.6
1448:20.8
1445:29.2
1442:38.5
1439:16.8
1436:24.4
1433:31.9
1430:14.1
1427:25.4
1399:19.6
1396:37.0
1393:22.6
1390:30.0
1387:39.3
1384:17.8
1381:24.9
1378:32.0
1375:13.8
1372:26.3
1344:19.1
1341:34.3
1338:24.0
1335:31.8
1332:39.5
1329:16.8
1326:23.1
1323:29.8
1320:13.7
1317:24.3
1289:22.6
1286:36.8
1283:25.5
1280:32.5
1277:39.5
1274:18.8
1271:24.4
1268:29.9
1265:15.7
1262:25.0
1258:Paris
1234:21.2
1231:38.5
1228:24.3
1225:30.8
1222:40.5
1219:21.0
1216:28.5
1213:36.0
1210:18.4
1207:30.6
1203:Nîmes
1179:25.3
1176:32.4
1173:27.7
1170:31.4
1167:35.0
1164:23.7
1161:27.5
1158:31.2
1155:20.5
1152:27.7
1124:19.6
1121:35.0
1118:23.8
1115:31.3
1112:39.2
1109:17.2
1106:23.7
1103:30.1
1100:14.2
1097:25.0
1069:18.0
1066:37.2
1063:22.2
1060:29.1
1057:39.3
1054:16.1
1051:23.7
1048:31.3
1045:13.2
1042:24.7
1038:Nancy
1014:21.4
1011:33.3
1008:24.6
1005:29.6
1002:36.1
999:21.4
996:26.8
993:32.2
990:18.5
987:28.9
959:19.1
956:37.4
953:22.3
950:30.4
947:39.5
944:16.5
941:23.8
938:31.0
935:13.6
932:24.8
904:22.9
901:35.8
898:26.6
895:31.2
892:37.7
889:22.4
886:28.2
883:34.0
880:18.7
877:28.7
849:21.5
846:38.4
843:23.2
840:31.2
837:40.5
834:20.0
831:26.8
828:33.6
825:16.0
822:27.2
794:18.4
791:33.0
788:21.0
785:29.3
782:37.5
779:15.6
776:21.8
773:28.0
770:13.4
767:22.6
739:18.3
736:32.2
733:20.8
730:28.2
727:36.6
724:15.5
721:21.1
718:26.6
715:13.8
712:23.3
708:Lille
684:17.7
681:37.6
678:20.2
675:29.2
672:39.5
669:16.5
666:24.8
663:33.1
660:14.0
657:26.4
629:19.2
626:27.7
623:24.1
620:29.5
617:34.8
614:16.8
611:20.0
608:23.3
605:14.9
602:20.5
574:21.4
571:38.0
568:23.5
565:31.5
562:40.7
559:19.4
556:25.8
553:32.1
550:15.7
547:27.1
519:21.3
516:31.6
513:23.5
510:31.0
507:40.6
504:19.8
501:24.0
498:28.2
495:17.0
492:24.7
464:23.4
461:33.9
458:25.0
455:30.8
452:37.9
449:23.1
446:28.2
443:33.2
440:19.4
437:29.3
409:21.1
406:39.3
403:23.3
400:32.0
397:41.1
394:17.5
391:25.0
388:32.5
385:14.1
382:25.8
229:Paris
213:Loire
60:Areas
5328:2022
5323:2021
5318:2019
5313:2018
5308:2013
5303:2006
5298:2003
5293:1995
5288:1990
5283:1976
5278:1955
5273:1911
5268:1906
5263:1808
5258:1757
5135:Alex
4991:Lili
4753:2024
4748:2023
4559:Emma
4476:1987
4446:1709
4168:2022
4153:2018
4148:2013
4143:2006
4138:2003
4115:2012
4099:2000
3948:2023
3943:2022
3887:2024
3877:2023
3872:2022
3857:2018
3837:2011
3832:2010
3827:2007
3822:2006
3765:1936
3718:2024
3668:2019
3638:2010
3633:2007
3628:2006
3623:2003
3590:1976
3554:1540
3484:2023
3424:2010
3419:2007
3407:Asia
3398:2024
3382:2023
3377:2022
3372:2021
3367:2020
3362:2018
3357:List
3301:PMID
3283:ISSN
3240:2010
3200:2010
3174:2011
3142:2011
3110:2011
3078:2018
3052:2018
3026:2011
3000:2010
2927:2023
2900:2023
2875:2023
2832:2022
2805:2011
2769:2011
2739:2010
2671:2010
2625:2016
2594:2009
2567:2010
2505:2019
2432:2010
2402:2009
2370:2022
2284:2019
2258:2017
2140:PMID
2132:ISSN
2097:2021
2075:2011
2049:2022
1859:The
1835:Kent
1791:Alps
1767:Elbe
1148:Nice
928:Metz
818:Lyon
286:The
211:The
175:crop
157:The
50:Type
5081:Eva
4889:and
3291:PMC
3275:doi
3227:doi
3044:BBC
2549:doi
2469:doi
2333:doi
2124:doi
2120:331
1876:at
1865:M25
1833:in
1769:or
1650:In
1608:in
1582:10
1576:21
1570:14
1567:11
1527:15
1521:29
1515:27
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